TY - JOUR TI - Association between self-reported prior wrist fractures and risk of subsequent hip and radiographic vertebral fractures in older women: A prospective study T2 - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research J2 - J. Bone Miner. Res. VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 100 EP - 106 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1359/jbmr.2005.20.1.100 SN - 08840431 (ISSN) AU - Schousboe, J.T. AU - Fink, H.A. AU - Taylor, B.C. AU - Stone, K.L. AU - Hillier, T.A. AU - Nevitt, M.C. AU - Ensrud, K.E. AD - Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, MN, United States AD - Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States AD - Geriatric Research and Educational Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States AD - Section of General Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States AD - Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States AD - Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest/Hawaii, Portland, OR, United States AD - Section of Rheumatology, Park Nicollet Clinic, 3800 Park Nicollet Blvd., Minneapolis, MN 55416, United States AB - In this large prospective cohort study of elderly women, the relationships between prior wrist fracture and incident hip and radiographic vertebral fractures were significantly attenuated when adjusted for BMD. This study suggests that BMD thresholds for drug therapy to prevent osteoporotic fracture should be only modestly adjusted in those with prior wrist fracture compared with those without prior wrist fracture. Validation of such an approach would require intervention trials in patients with prior wrist fracture. Introduction: Prior wrist fracture has been identified as a risk factor for incident hip and vertebral fractures and proposed as a criterion for determining who should be offered drug therapy to prevent osteoporotic fracture, even if their hip BMD T score is > -2.5. Previously published studies of the relationships between prior wrist fracture and incident hip and vertebral fractures did not adjust for BMD. Materials and Methods: We ascertained prior history of wrist fracture since age 50, measured calcaneal and hip BMD, and performed lateral spine films in a cohort of 9704 elderly community-dwelling women, and then followed them prospectively for incident vertebral and hip fractures. Incident vertebral fractures were defined by morphometry using lateral spine radiography at the first examination and an average of 3.7 years later. Incident hip fractures were confirmed with radiographic reports over a mean follow-up period of 10.1 years. Results: Prior wrist fracture was associated with an age-adjusted 72% increased odds of incident radiographic vertebral fracture (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.31-2.25). After adjustment for calcaneal BMD, the association of prior wrist fracture with incident radiographic vertebral fracture was attenuated (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05-1.83). Prior wrist fracture was also associated with an age-adjusted 43% excess rate of incident hip fracture (hazards ratio [HR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17-1.74). After adjustment for hip BMD, the association of prior wrist fracture with rate of incident hip fracture was no longer statistically significant (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.92-1.38). Conclusion: In elderly women, prior wrist fracture is a risk factor for radiographic vertebral fracture independent of BMD. The association between prior wrist fracture and incident hip fracture is largely explained by hip BMD. Modest adjustment of BMD drug treatment thresholds for prevention of osteoporotic fractures in those with prior wrist fracture compared with those without prior wrist fracture may be reasonable, but validation of such an approach would require intervention trials in patients with prior wrist fracture. © 2005 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KW - BMD KW - Hip fracture KW - Vertebral fracture KW - Wrist fracture KW - aged KW - article KW - bone density KW - calcaneus KW - controlled study KW - demography KW - disease association KW - female KW - follow up KW - fragility fracture KW - hip fracture KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - morphometrics KW - prospective study KW - risk factor KW - scoring system KW - spine radiography KW - vertebra fracture KW - wrist fracture KW - age KW - cohort analysis KW - fracture KW - hip fracture KW - incidence KW - radiography KW - risk KW - spine fracture KW - wrist injury KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Bone Density KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Fractures, Bone KW - Hip Fractures KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk KW - Spinal Fractures KW - Wrist Injuries N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBMRE C2 - 15619675 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schousboe, J.T.; Section of Rheumatology, Park Nicollet Clinic, 3800 Park Nicollet Blvd., Minneapolis, MN 55416, United States; email: schouj@parknicollet.com N1 - References: Hodgson, S.F., Watts, N.B., American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2001 Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis (2001) Endocr Pract, 7, pp. 293-312; Kanis, J.A., Delmas, P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C., Torgerson, D., Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis (1997) Osteoporos Int, 7, pp. 390-406; Brown, J.P., Josse, R.G., Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis in Canada (2002) CMAJ, 167 (10 SUPPL.), pp. S1-S34; Wainwright, S.A., Phipps, K.R., Stone, J.V., Cauley, J.A., Vogt, M.T., Black, D.M., A large proportion of fractures in postmenopausal women occur with baseline bone mineral density T-score >-2.5 (2001) J Bone Miner Res, 16, pp. S1; Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.S., Stone, K., Fox, K.M., Ensrud, K.E., Cauley, J., Vogt, T.M., Risk factors for hip fracture in white women (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 767-773; Wasnich, R.D., Davis, J.W., Ross, P.D., Spine fracture risk is predicted by non-spine fractures (1994) Osteoporos Int, 4, pp. 1-5; Taylor, B.C., Schreiner, P.J., Stone, K.L., Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Ensrud, K.E., Long-term prediction of incident hip fracture risk in older white women (2001) J Bone Miner Res, 16, pp. S1; Cuddihy, M.-T., Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., Atkinson, E.J., Tabini, C., O'Fallon, W.M., Melton III, L.J., Osteoporosis intervention following distal forearm fracture: A missed opportunity? (2002) Arch Intern Med, 162, pp. 421-426; Kanis, J.A., Johnell, O., Oden, A., Sembo, I., Redlund-Johnell, I., Dawson, A., De Laet, C., Jonsson, B., Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmö (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11, pp. 669-674; Singer, B.R., McLauchlan, G.J., Robinson, J.M., Christie, J., Epidemiology of fractures in 15,000 adults (1998) J Bone Joint Surg Br, 80, pp. 243-248; Huopio, J., Kröger, H., Honkanen, R., Saarikoski, S., Alhava, E., Risk factors for peri-menopausal fractures: A prospective study (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11, pp. 219-227; Mallmin, H., Ljunghall, S., Persson, I., Naessen, T., Krusemo, U.-B., Bergström, R., Fracture of the distal forearm as a forecaster of subsequent hip fracture: A population-based cohort study with 24 years of follow-up (1993) Calcif Tissue Int, 52, pp. 269-272; Lauritzen, J.B., Schwarz, P., McNair, P., Lund, B., Transbøl, I., Radial and humeral fractures as predictors of subsequent hip, radial, or humoral fractures in women, and their seasonal variation (1993) Osteoporos Int, 3, pp. 133-137; Cuddihy, M.-T., Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Melton III, L.J., Forearm fractures as predictors of subsequent osteoporotic fractures (1999) Osteoporos Int, 9, pp. 469-475; Van Staa, T.P., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 624-629; Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.J., Cauley, J.A., Genant, H.K., Mascioli, S.R., Vogt, T.M., Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women (1990) JAMA, 263, pp. 665-668; Steiger, P., Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Spencer, N.E., Genant, H.K., Age-related decrements in bone mineral density in women over age 65 (1992) J Bone Miner Res, 7, pp. 625-632; Ensrud, K.E., Palermo, L., Black, D.M., Cauley, J., Jergas, M., Orwoll, E.S., Nevitt, M.C., Cummings, S.R., Hip and calcaneal bone loss increase with advancing age: Longitudinal results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (1995) J Bone Miner Res, 10, pp. 1778-1787; Black, D.M., Palermo, L., Nevitt, M.C., Genant, H.K., Christianson, L., Cummings, S.R., Defining incident vertebral deformity: A prospective comparison of several approaches (1999) J Bone Miner Res, 14, pp. 90-101; Ginsberg, A.P., A new contrast sensitivity vision test chart (1984) Am J Optom Physiol Opt, 64, pp. 403-407; Gibson, J.J., (1950) The Perception of the Visual World, , Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, USA; Nevitt, M.C., Cummings, S.R., Browner, W.S., Seeley, D.G., Cauley, J.A., Vogt, T.M., Black, D.M., The accuracy of self-report of fractures in elderly women: Evidence from a prospective study (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 490-499; Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W., Cauley, J., Ensrud, K., Genant, H.K., Vogt, T.M., Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 72-75; Joakimsen, R.M., Fønnebø, V., Johanne Søgaard, A., Tollan, A., Størmer, J., Magnus, J.H., The Tromsø Study: Registration of fractures, how good are self-reports, a computerized register, and a discharge register? (2001) Osteoporos Int, 12, pp. 1001-1005; Honkanen, K., Honkanen, R., Heikkinen, L., Kröger, H., Saarikoski, S., Validity of self-reports of fractures in perimenopausal women (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 511-516; Beard, C.M., Melton III, L.J., Cedel, S.L., Richelson, L.S., Riggs, B.L., Ascertainment of risk factors for osteoporosis: Comparison of interview data with medical record review (1990) J Bone Miner Res, 5, pp. 691-698; Haentjens, P., Autier, P., Collins, J., Velkeniers, B., Vanderschueren, D., Boonen, S., Colles fracture, spine fracture, and subsequent risk of hip fracture in men and women (2003) J Bone J Surg Am, 85, pp. 1936-1943 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21644449411&doi=10.1359%2fjbmr.2005.20.1.100&partnerID=40&md5=147279855fcb618e01d03e15892e97c0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parent-child relationships and health problems in adulthood in three UK national birth cohort studies T2 - European Journal of Public Health J2 - Eur. J. Public Health VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 640 EP - 646 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/eurpub/cki049 SN - 11011262 (ISSN) AU - Stewart-Brown, S.L. AU - Fletcher, L. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom AD - Biostatistician, Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Division of Health in the Community, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom AB - Background: Event-based measures suggest that emotional adversity in childhood has a long-term health impact, but less attention has been paid to chronic emotional stressors such as family conflict, harsh discipline or lack of affection. This study aimed to assess the impact of the latter on health problems and illness in adulthood. Methods: Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses of data collected in three UK national birth cohort studies at ages 43 and 16 years covering subjective report of relationship quality from the 'child', and number of health problems and illnesses reported in adulthood at ages 43, 33 and 26 years adjusted for social class, sex and, in 1946 and 1970 cohorts, for symptoms of mental illness. Results: Reports of abuse and neglect (1946 cohort), poor quality relationship with mother and father (1958 cohort), and a range of negative relationship descriptors (1970 cohort) predicted reports of three or more illnesses or health problems in adulthood. Results were inconsistent with respect to one or two illnesses or health problems. Adjustment for sex, social class and poor mental health attenuated the odds of poor health, but measures of relationship quality retained a significant independent effect. Conclusions: Poor quality parent-child relationships could be a remediable risk factor for poor health in adulthood. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved. KW - Adult health KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Parent-child relationships KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adult disease KW - birth KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - conflict KW - controlled study KW - emotional stress KW - father KW - father child relation KW - female KW - human KW - information processing KW - logistic regression analysis KW - long term exposure KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - mother KW - mother child relation KW - multivariate logistic regression analysis KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - qualitative analysis KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - sex ratio KW - social class KW - statistical significance KW - symptom KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Family Relations KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Love KW - Male KW - Parent-Child Relations N1 - Cited By :40 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJPHF C2 - 16093299 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Stewart-Brown, S.L.; 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A decade of research (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol, 25, pp. 281-282; Lindelow, M., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population: The Psychiatric Symptom Frequency (PSF) Scale (1994) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 51, pp. 549-557; Goldberg, D.P., Hillier, V.F., A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (1979) Psychol Med, 9, pp. 189-272; Giovannoni, J.M., Definitional issues in child maltreatment (1989) Child Maltreatment: Theory and Research on Causes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect, pp. 3-37. , Cicchetti D and Carlson V, editors, New York: Cambridge University Press; Ghate, D., Daniels, A., (1997) Talking about My Generation: A Survey of 8-15 Year Olds Growing Up in the 1990s, , London: NSPCC; Hart, T., Risley, T.R., (1995) Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experiences of Young American Children, , Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes; Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J.G., Salzinger, S., A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: Findings of a 17 year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect (1998) Child Abuse Neglect, 22, pp. 1065-1078; Marshall, J., Watt, P., (1999) Child Behaviour Problems: A Literature Review of the Size and Nature of the Problem and Prevention Interventions in Childhood, , Perth, Western Australia: The Inter agency Committee on Children's Futures; Barlow, J., Stewart Brown, S., Behavior problems and group-based parent education programs (2000) J Dev Behav Pediat, 21, pp. 356-370 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29044433845&doi=10.1093%2feurpub%2fcki049&partnerID=40&md5=7e684dc05cc923c403c112056e0ca1a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Work related mortality from gastrointestinal diseases and alcohol among seafarers employed in British merchant shipping from 1939 to 2002. T2 - International maritime health. J2 - Int Marit Health VL - 56 IS - 1-4 SP - 29 EP - 47 PY - 2005 SN - 16419251 (ISSN) AU - Roberts, S.E. AD - School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK. AB - OBJECTIVES: To investigate work related mortality from gastrointestinal diseases and from alcohol among seafarers who were employed in British merchant shipping from 1939 to 2002. METHODS: A longitudinal study, based on official mortality files from 1976-2002 and official mortality returns from 1939-1975, with a population of 7.29 million seafarer-years at risk. RESULTS: From 1939 to 2002, there were 864 deaths from gastrointestinal diseases and 72 from alcoholism. Overall mortality from gastrointestinal diseases fell from 18.4 per 100,000 in 1939-49 to 9.3 in 1970-79 and 0.3 in 1990-2002. Mortality from alcoholism, and from alcohol-related diseases such as liver cirrhosis and diseases of the pancreas, increased up to the 1960s or 1970s, but fell thereafter. From 1950 to 1972, mortality from gastrointestinal diseases was 1.8 times higher among Asian seafarers compared to British seafarers, largely because of liver disease, peritonitis and peptic ulcer. At the time of the last censuses of seamen in 1961 and 1971, compared with the general British male working aged population, morality among British seafarers was greatly increased for peritonitis and alcoholism but not for most other gastrointestinal diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Sharp reductions in mortality from gastrointestinal diseases and from alcoholism since the 1970s contrasts with increases among the general British population, and are largely because of the "flagging-out" of most British deep sea ships, and consequent reductions in long voyages, as well as reductions in alcohol consumption among seafarers at work. Largely because of the healthy worker effect, seafarers were usually only at increased risks from particularly acute diseases. KW - alcoholism KW - article KW - commercial phenomena KW - gastrointestinal disease KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - medicine KW - mortality KW - occupational health KW - ship KW - United Kingdom KW - workplace KW - Alcoholism KW - Commerce KW - England KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mortality KW - Naval Medicine KW - Occupational Health KW - Ships KW - Workplace N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 16532583 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Roberts, S.E.email: stephen.e.roberts@swan.ac.uk UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745545498&partnerID=40&md5=4c76f882fe1fedf99cec8b57ba164f27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of UK semiconductor workers, 1970-2002 T2 - Occupational Medicine J2 - Occup. Med. VL - 55 IS - 8 SP - 625 EP - 630 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/occmed/kqi156 SN - 09627480 (ISSN) AU - Nichols, L. AU - Sorahan, T. AD - Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To examine cancer risks in a cohort of workers employed in the manufacture of semiconductors. Methods: The mortality (1970-2002) and cancer morbidity (1971-2001) experienced by a cohort of 1807 male and female workforce employees from a semiconductor factory in the West Midlands (UK) have been investigated. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized registration ratios (SRRs) were used to assess mortality and morbidity, respectively. Results: Overall mortality was close to expectation in males [SMR 99, 95% (confidence interval) CI 79-122] and significantly below expectation in females (SMR 74, 95% CI 65-85). Incidence of all sites of cancer was somewhat elevated in males (SRR 130, 95% CI 95-173) but close to expectation in females (SRR 94, 95% CI 82-109). There were significant deficits of deaths from cancer of the oesophagus in males and females combined and from cancer of the breast in females. Significantly elevated SRRs were found in males for cancer of the rectum [Observed (Obs) 6, SRR 284, 95% CI 104-619], in females for cancer of the pancreas (Obs 10, SRR 226, 95% CI 108-415) and malignant melanoma (Obs 11, SRR 221, 95% CI 110-396) and in males and females combined for cancer of the rectum (Obs 19, SRR 199, 95% CI 120-310) and malignant melanoma (Obs 12, SRR 217, 95% CI 112-379). Detailed work history data were unavailable for analysis. The finding of excess morbidity was not mirrored in the corresponding mortality findings. Conclusions: The study found elevated morbidity for a number of cancer sites that may be unconnected with occupation. Elimination of all possible occupational causes will, however, require more detailed analyses of cancer risks in relation to exposure histories. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine. All rights reserved. KW - Cohort study KW - Mortality KW - Semiconductor industry KW - article KW - breast cancer KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer mortality KW - cancer risk KW - cohort analysis KW - esophagus cancer KW - female KW - human KW - industrial area KW - industrial worker KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - melanoma KW - morbidity KW - occupational cancer KW - occupational exposure KW - pancreas cancer KW - priority journal KW - rectum cancer KW - semiconductor KW - sex difference KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cause of Death KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasms KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Risk Factors KW - Semiconductors N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: OCMEE C2 - 16234257 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sorahan, T.; Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom; email: t.m.sorahan@bham.ac.uk N1 - References: Sorahan, T., Waterhouse, J.A.H., McKiernan, M.J., Aston, R.H.R., Cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of semiconductor workers (1985) Br J Ind Med, 42, pp. 546-550; Sorahan, T., Pope, D.J., McKiernan, M.J., Cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of semiconductor workers: An update (1992) Br J Ind Med, 49, pp. 215-216; McElvenny, D.M., Darnton, A.J., Hodgson, J.T., Clarke, S.D., Elliott, R.C., Osman, J., Investigation of cancer incidence and mortality at a Scottish semiconductor manufacturing facility (2003) Occup Med (Lond), 53, pp. 419-430; Bailar, J.C., Greenberg, M., Farrison, R., LaDou, J., Richter, E., Watterson, A., Cancer risk in the semiconductor industry: A call for action (2002) Int J Occup Environ Health, 8, pp. 163-168; Fisher, J., Cancer in the semiconductor industry (2002) Arch Environ Health, 57, pp. 95-97; Nichols, L., Sorahan, T., Update of cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of semiconductor workers (2004), HSE Publication RR265. 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AD - Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body size KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - environmental factor KW - gestational age KW - health status KW - human KW - infant KW - intellect KW - intelligence quotient KW - male KW - perinatal period KW - register N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Eide, M.G.; Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of BergenNorway; email: martha.eide@mfr.uib.no N1 - References: Barker, D.J., (1994) Mothers, Babies, and Disease in Later Life, , London: BMJ Publishing Group; Barker, D.J., The developmental origins of adult disease (2004) J Am Coll Nutr, 23, pp. 588S-95S; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (2004) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, 2nd Edn., , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Eide, M.G., Øyen, N., Skjærven, R., Nilsen, S.T., Bjerkedal, T., Tell, G.S., Size at birth and gestational age as predictors of adult height and weight (2005) Epidemiology, 16, pp. 175-181; Eide, M.G., Øyen, N., Skjærven, R., Irgens, L.M., Bjerkedal, T., Nilsen, S.T., Breech delivery and intelligence: A population-based study of 8,738 breech infants (2005) Obstet Gynecol, 105, pp. 4-11; Bjerkedal, T., Beckstrøm, J.R., Brevik, J.I., Skåden, K., Height, weight and body mass index measured among men born 1967-80 (2001) Tidsskr Nor Lœgeforen, 121, pp. 674-677; Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7, pp. 307-322; Hirschhorn, J.N., Lindgren, C.M., Daly, M.J., Kirby, A., Schaffner, S.F., Burtt, N.P., Genomewide linkage analysis of stature in multiple populations reveals several regions with evidence of linkage to adult height (2001) Am J Hum Genet, 69, pp. 106-116; Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality. 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Epidemiol. VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 65 EP - 74 PY - 2005 SN - 08032491 (ISSN) AU - Kristensen, P. AU - Bjerkedal, T. AU - Irgens, L.M. AU - Gravseth, H.M. AU - Brevik, J.I. AD - National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway AD - Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway AD - Division of Military Medical Research and Development, Joint Norwegian Medical Services, Oslo, Norway AD - Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Locus of Registry Based Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway AD - National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway AB - Background: We have earlier found that birthweight below the mean, parental factors, and childhood disease were associated with unemployment at age 29. We reanalysed data because we wanted to examine if the association between birthweight and subsequent unemployment was mediated by intellectual performance at conscript. Methods: Through linkage between several national registers, containing personal information from birth into adult age, we established a longitudinal, population-based cohort. Study participants were all 158 026 male singletons born in Norway in 1967-1971 as registered by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway who were national residents at age 29. Study outcome was unemployment defined as a lack of personal income among persons who were not under education in the calendar year of their 29th birthday. We computed unemployment risk in separate strata, and adjusted risk ratios and population attributable risks as measures of association and impact, respectively. Results: The association between birthweight and unemployment found earlier was mainly mediated through intellectual performance at conscript, in accordance with the study hypothesis. Birthweight, childhood disease and seven parental factors relating to income, disability, and family pattern, were independently associated with subsequent unemployment, each with population attributable risks ranging from 2% to 12%. Intellectual performance in young adult age, educational attainment, and marital status contributed substantially to the unemployment risk. Conclusion: Differentials in work participation among young men emerge in childhood. Circumstances throughout the life course contribute to the unemployment risk. KW - Adult KW - Birthweight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Education KW - Employment KW - Follow-up studies KW - Intellectual Performance KW - Social Environment KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - childhood disease KW - cohort analysis KW - disability KW - education KW - family KW - human KW - income KW - intellect KW - life event KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - marriage KW - Norway KW - outcome assessment KW - register KW - risk assessment KW - unemployment N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kristensen, P.; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway; email: petter.kristensen@stami.no N1 - References: Kristensen, P., Bjerkedal, T., Irgens, L.M., Birthweight and work participation in adulthood (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 849-856; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 342-348; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Sayer, A.A., Fall, C., Growth in utero and cognitive function in adult life: Follow up study of people born between 1920 and 1943 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1393-1397; Toft Sørensen, H., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Mashiach, S., Danon, Y.L., Birth weight and intellectual performance in late adolescence (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 543-546; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Birth characteristics and different dimensions of intellectual performance in young males: A nationwide population-based study (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 1138-1143; Ericson, A., Källén, B., Very low birthweight boys at the age of 19 (1998) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 78, pp. F171-F174; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychol Bull, 130, pp. 989-1013; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-197; Lawlor, D.A., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M., Najman, J.M., Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs: Findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes (2004) J Epidemiol Community Health, 59, pp. 279-282; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; Osler, M., Andersen, A.-M.N., Due, P., Lund, R., Damsgaard, M.T., Holstein, B.E., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; Record, R.G., McKeown, T., Edwards, J.H., The relation of measured intelligence to birth weight and duration of gestation (1969) Ann Hum Genet, 33, pp. 71-79; Weindrich, D., Jennen-Steinmetz, C., Laucht, M., Schmidt, M.H., Late sequelae of low birthweight: Mediators of poor school performance at 11 years (2003) Dev Med Child Neurol, 45, pp. 463-469; Hansen, B.M., Dinesen, J., Hoff, B., Greisen, G., Intelligence in preterm children at four years of age as a predictor of school function: A longitudinal controlled study (2002) Dev Med Child Neurol, 44, pp. 517-521; Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Butterworth, S., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 408-413; Irgens, L.M., Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 79, pp. 435-439. , The Medical Birth Registry of Norway; (1997) Births in Norway Through 30 Years, , Bergen: Medical Birth Registry of Norway; Sundet, J.M., Barlaug, D.G., Torjussen, T.M., The end of the Flynn effect? A study of secular trends in the mean intelligence test scores of Norwegian conscripts during half a century (2004) Intelligence, 32, pp. 349-362; (2003) Norwegian Standard Classification of Education. Revised 2000, , Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistics Norway; Greenland, S., Model-based estimation of relative risks and other epidemiologic measures in studies of common outcomes and in case-control studies (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 160, pp. 301-305; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; Victora, C.G., Huttly, S.R., Fuchs, S.C., Olinto, M.T.A., The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: A hierarchical approach (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 224-227; Lamont, D., Parker, L., White, M., Unwin, N., Bennett, S.M.A., Cohen, M., Richardson, D., Craft, A.W., Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: Lifecourse study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 273-278; Weitkunat, R., Wildner, M., Exploratory causal modeling in epidemiology: Are all factors created equal? (2002) J Clin Epidemiol, 55, pp. 436-444; Greenland, S., Pearl, J., Robins, J.M., Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 37-48; Greenland, S., Application of stratified analysis methods (1997) Modern Epidemiology. 2nd Edition, pp. 281-300. , Rothman KJ, Greenland S, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., Confidence interval estimation of interaction (1992) Epidemiology, 3, pp. 452-456; Kristensen, P., Bjerkedal, T., Brevik, J.I., Long term effects of parental disability: A register based life course follow-up of Norwegians born in 1967-1976 (2004) Nor J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 97-105 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32244441891&partnerID=40&md5=c06f58fdc3fb66ac3233f2a7196ed6c8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early education and children's outcomes: How long do the impacts last? T2 - Fiscal Studies J2 - Fisc. Stud. VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 513 EP - 548 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1475-5890.2005.00022.x SN - 01435671 (ISSN) AU - Goodman, A. AU - Sianesi, B. AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, United Kingdom AB - We evaluate the effects of undergoing any early education (before the compulsory starting age of 5) and of pre-school on a cohort of British children born in 1958. In contrast to most available studies, we are able to assess whether any effects on cognition and socialisation are long-lasting, as well as to estimate their net impact on subsequent educational attainment and labour market performance. Controlling for a particularly rich set of child, parental, family and neighbourhood characteristics, we find some positive and long-lasting effects from early education. Specifically, pre-compulsory education (pre-school or school entry prior to age 5) was found to yield large improvements in cognitive tests at age 7, which, though diminished in size, remained significant throughout the schooling years, up to age 16. By contrast, attendance of pre-school (nursery or playgroup) was found to yield a positive but short-lived impact on test scores. The effects on socialisation appear to be more mixed: we found some positive, though short-lasting, effects of pre-compulsory education on teachers reports of social adjustment (only at age 7); on the other hand, we found some adverse behavioural effects according to parental reports at age 7 which persisted up to age 11. In adulthood, pre-compulsory education was found to increase the probabilities of obtaining qualifications and of being employed at age 33. For both pre-compulsory education and pre-school per se, we found evidence of a marginally significant 3-4 per cent wage gain at age 33. © Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2005. N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Goodman, A.; Institute for Fiscal StudiesUnited Kingdom; email: a.goodman@ifs.org.uk N1 - References: Barnett, W.S., Long-term effects of early childhood programs on cognitive and school outcomes (1995) The Future of Children, 5 (3), pp. 25-50; Blackstone, T., (1971) A Fair Start: The Provision of Pre-school Education, , London School of Economics Studies on Education, London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Sianesi, B., Evaluating the effect of education on earnings: Models, methods and results from the National Child Development Survey (2005) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 168, pp. 473-512; Cleveland, G., Krashinsky, M., (1998) The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care - The Economic Rationale for Public Investment in Young Children: A Policy Study, , Toronto: Childcare Resource and Research Unit, Department of Economics, University of Toronto; Currie, J., Early childhood education programs (2001) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, pp. 213-238; (1999) EPPE - The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education Project, , http://k1.ioe.ac.uk/schools/ecpe/eppe/, London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London; Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-97; Robertson, D., Symons, J., Pre-school education and attainment in the NCDS and BCS (1998) Human Resources Programme Paper No. 382, 382. , Centre for Economic Performance; Karoly, L.A., Greenwood, P.W., Everingham, S.S., Hoube, J., Kilburn, M.R., Rydell, C.P., Sanders, M., Chiesa, J., (1998) Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Dont Know about the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions, , Santa Monica, CA: RAND; Krueger, A.B., Experimental estimates of education production functions (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, pp. 497-532; Magnuson, K.A., Ruhm, C.J., Waldfogel, J., Does prekindergarten improve school preparation and performance? (2004) Working Paper No. 10452, , National Bureau of Economic Research; (1993) Study of Early Child Care (SECC), , http://www.nichd.nih.gov/od/secc/pubs.htm, Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Osborn, A.F., Milbank, J.E., (1987) The Effects of Early Education: A Report from the Child Health and Education Study, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Sammons, P., Sylva, K., Melhuish, E.C., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B., Elliot, K., Marsh, A., (2004) The Continuing Effects of Pre-School Education at Age 7 Years, , Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project, Technical Paper no. 11, London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London; Todd, P.E., Wolpin, K.I., On the specification and estimation of the production function for cognitive achievement (2003) Economic Journal, 113, pp. F3-33; Waldfogel, J., Early childhood interventions and outcomes (1999) CASEpaper No. 21, 21. , London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28844448705&doi=10.1111%2fj.1475-5890.2005.00022.x&partnerID=40&md5=a6849cb4711c1379b6604d6854773c44 ER - TY - SER TI - Survival and complications in thalassemia T2 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences J2 - Ann. New York Acad. Sci. VL - 1054 SP - 40 EP - 47 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1196/annals.1345.006 SN - 00778923 (ISSN) AU - Borgna-Pignatti, C. AU - Cappellini, M.D. AU - De Stefano, P. AU - Del Vecchio, G.C. AU - Forni, G.L. AU - Gamberini, M.R. AU - Ghilardi, R. AU - Origa, R. AU - Piga, A. AU - Romeo, M.A. AU - Zhao, H. AU - Cnaan, A. AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy AD - Department of Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore-Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy AD - Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy AD - Division of Pediatrics, Ospedali Galliera, Geneva, Italy AD - Division of Pediatrics, Ferrara Hospital, Ferrara, Italy AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy AD - Ospedale Microcitemico, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy AD - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States AD - Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy AB - The life expectancy of patients with thalassemia major has significantly increased in recent years, as reported by several groups in different countries. However, complications are still frequent and affect the patients' quality of life. In a recent study from the United Kingdom, it was found that 50% of the patients had died before age 35. At that age, 65% of the patients from an Italian long-term study were still alive. Heart disease is responsible for more than half of the deaths. The prevalence of complications in Italian patients born after 1970 includes heart failure in 7%, hypogonadism in 55%, hypothyroidism in 11%, and diabetes in 6%. Similar data were reported in patients from the United States. In the Italian study, lower ferritin levels were associated with a lower probability of experiencing heart failure and with prolonged survival. Osteoporosis and osteopenia are common and affect virtually all patients. Hepatitis C virus antibodies are present in 85% of multitransfused Italian patients, 23% of patients in the United Kingdom, 35% in the United States, 34% in France, and 21% in India. Hepatocellular carcinoma can complicate the course of hepatitis. A survey of Italian centers has identified 23 such cases in patients with a thalassemia syndrome. In conclusion, rates of survival and complication-free survival continue to improve, due to better treatment strategies. New complications are appearing in long-term survivors. Iron overload of the heart remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality. © 2005 New York Academy of Sciences. KW - Causes of death KW - Chelation KW - Hemosiderosis KW - Mortality KW - Survival KW - Thalassemia KW - hepatitis C antibody KW - blood transfusion KW - cause of death KW - conference paper KW - diabetes mellitus KW - France KW - heart disease KW - heart failure KW - hepatitis KW - human KW - hypogonadism KW - hypothyroidism KW - India KW - iron overload KW - Italy KW - life expectancy KW - liver cell carcinoma KW - morbidity KW - mortality KW - osteopenia KW - osteoporosis KW - quality of life KW - survival rate KW - thalassemia major KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - beta-Thalassemia KW - Blood Transfusion KW - Bone Diseases, Metabolic KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular KW - Cardiomyopathies KW - Cause of Death KW - Chelation Therapy KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diabetes Mellitus KW - Disease-Free Survival KW - Female KW - Ferritins KW - Hepatitis C KW - Humans KW - Hypogonadism KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Iron Overload KW - Italy KW - Life Expectancy KW - Liver Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Mortality KW - Multicenter Studies KW - Osteoporosis KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic KW - Prevalence KW - Hepatitis C virus N1 - Cited By :219 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ANYAA C2 - 16339650 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Borgna-Pignatti, C.; Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; email: c.borgna@unife.it N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Ferritins, 9007-73-2 N1 - References: Thomas, E.D., Buckner, C.D., Sanders, J.E., Marrow transplantation for thalassaemia (1982) Lancet, 2, pp. 227-229; Borgna-Pinatti, C., Rugolotto, S., De Stefano, P., (2004) Survival and Complications in Patients with Thalassemia Major Treated with Transfusion and Deferoxamine, 89, pp. 1187-1193; Prati, D., Zanella, A., Farma, E., A multicenter prospective study on the risk of acquiring liver disease in anti-hepatitis C virus negative patients affected from homozygous beta-thalassemia (1998) Blood, 92, pp. 3460-3464; Cunningham, M.J., Macklin, E.A., Neufeld, E.J., Cohen, A.R., Thalassemia Clinical Research Network. Complications of beta-thalassemia major in North America (2004) Blood, 104, pp. 34-39; Borgna Pignatti, C., Vergine, G., Lombardo, T., Hepatocellular carcinoma in the thalassemia syndromes (2004) Br. J. Haematol., 124, pp. 114-117; Mancuso, A., Rigano, P., Renda, D., Hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis-free liver in a HCV-infected thalassemic (2005) Am. J. Hematol., 78, pp. 158-159; Borgna Pignatti, C., Carnelli, V., Caruso, V., Thromboembolic events in beta thalassemia major: An Italian multicenter study (1998) Acta Haematol., 99, pp. 76-79; Eldor, A., Durst, R., Hy-Am, E., A chronic hypercoagulable state in patients with beta-thalassaemia major is already present in childhood (1999) Br. J. Haematol., 107, pp. 739-746; Cappellini, M.D., Robbiolo, L., Bottasso, B.M., Venous thromboembolism and hypercoagulability in splenectomized patients with thalassaemia intermedia (2000) Br. J. Haematol., 111, pp. 467-473; Skordis, N., Christou, S., Koliou, M., Fertility in female patients with thalassemia (1998) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 11, pp. 935-943; Angastiniotis, M., Pavlides, N., Aristidou, K., Bone pain in thalassaemia: Assessment of DEXA and MRI findings (1998) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 11, pp. 779-784; Jensen, C.E., Tuck, S.M., Agnew, J.E., High incidence of osteoporosis in thalassaemia major (1998) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 11, pp. 975-977; Modell, B., Khan, M., Darlison, M., Survival in beta-thalassaemia major in the UK: Data from the UK Thalassaemia Register (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 2051-2052; Piga, A., Longo, F., Consolati, A., Mortality and morbidity in thalassemia with conventional treatment. Third International Conference on Bone Marrow Transplantation in Thalassemia (1997) Bone Marrow Transplant., 19, pp. 11-13; Anderson, L.J., Wonke, B., Prescott, E., Comparison of effects of oral deferiprone and subcutaneous desferrioxamine on myocardial iron concentrations and ventricular function in beta-thalassaemia (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 516-520; Pennell, D.J., Sechtem, U.P., Higgins, C.B., Clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR): Consensus Panel report (2004) J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson., 6, pp. 727-765; Hershko, C., Link, G., Konijn, A.M., The iron-loaded gerbil model revisited: Effects of deferoxamine and deferiprone treatment (2002) J. Lab. Clin. Med., 139, pp. 50-58; Piga, A., Gaglioti, C., Fogliacco, E., Tricta, F., Comparative effects of deferiprone and deferoxamine on survival and cardiac disease in patients with thalassemia major: A retrospective analysis (2003) Haematologica, 88, pp. 489-496; Hershko, C., Cappellini, M.D., Galanello, R., Purging iron from the heart (2004) Br. J. Haematol., 125, pp. 545-551; Origa, R., Fiumana, E., Gamberini, M.R., Osteoporosis in β-thalassemia: Clinical and genetic aspects (2005) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1054, pp. 451-456 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29744459415&doi=10.1196%2fannals.1345.006&partnerID=40&md5=196ecefa2b5f62aac91536a432e58aa3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monitoring the decrease in breast cancer mortality in Europe T2 - European Journal of Cancer Prevention J2 - Eur.J. Cancer Prev. VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 497 EP - 502 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1097/00008469-200512000-00002 SN - 09598278 (ISSN) AU - Levi, F. AU - Bosetti, C. AU - Lucchini, F. AU - Negri, E. AU - La Vecchia, C. AD - Registres Vaudois et Neuchâtelois des Tumeurs, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, CHUV-Falaises 1, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland AD - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy AD - Unité d'Épidémiologie du Cancer, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Bugnon 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland AD - Istituto di Biometria e Statistica Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy AD - Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, CHUV-Falaises 1, CH 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland AB - Trends in mortality from breast cancer over the period 1970-2000 were analysed for 38 European countries and the European Union (EU). Age-standardized mortality rates were computed by the direct method, and joinpoint analysis was used to identify significant changes in rates. A favourable pattern in breast cancer mortality in the 25 countries of the EU (as defined in May 2004) was observed after 1989, leading to a fall in overall rates from 21.3/ 100 000 in 1990 to 18.9 in 2000. The annual percentage change in the EU was -2.1% between 1995 and 2000. Most northern European countries, including several Scandinavian countries and the UK, but also some central and southern European countries like Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and Spain showed appreciable falls in rates (i.e. between 8 and 19% in the last 5 calendar years). The declines were larger below age 50, approaching 20% in several countries. The falls were smaller in France, Greece, Portugal and most eastern European countries. In the Russian Federation, all-age breast cancer mortality increased from 16.1 to 17.3/ 100 000 (+7.5% over the last 5 calendar years). These patterns reflect converging trends in breast cancer rates across Europe, which can be related to the more uniform reproductive and lifestyle habits. The fall in breast cancer mortality observed in most European countries over the last decade has to be attributed to earlier detection and improved treatment, although the definite reasons for the different trends in various countries remain at least in part unclear. © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. KW - Breast cancer KW - Europe KW - Mortality KW - Trends KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - Austria KW - breast cancer KW - cancer diagnosis KW - cancer mortality KW - cancer therapy KW - Czech Republic KW - Europe KW - European Union KW - female KW - France KW - Germany KW - Greece KW - human KW - Italy KW - lifestyle KW - major clinical study KW - monitoring KW - Poland KW - Portugal KW - priority journal KW - Russian Federation KW - Scandinavia KW - sexual behavior KW - Spain KW - Switzerland KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Cohort Studies KW - Death Certificates KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Europe KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Population Surveillance N1 - Cited By :85 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJUPE C2 - 16284493 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Levi, F.; Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, CHUV-Falaises 1, CH 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; email: fabio.levi@hospvd.ch N1 - References: Botha, J.L., Bray, F., Sankila, R., Parkin, D.M., Breast cancer incidence and mortality trends in 16 European countries (2003) Eur J Cancer, 39, pp. 1718-1729; Boyle, P., Relative value of incidence and mortality data in cancer research (1989) Recent Results Cancer Res, 114, pp. 41-63; Boyle, P., Mezzetti, M., La Vecchia, C., Franceschi, S., Decarli, A., Robertson, C., Contribution of three components to individual cancer risk predicting breast cancer risk in Italy (2004) Eur J Cancer Prev, 13, pp. 183-191; Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1713-1727; Breast cancer and breastfeeding: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50 302 women with breast cancer and 96 973 women without the disease (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 187-195; Doll, R., Smith, P.G., Comparison between registries: Age-standardized rates (1982) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 4, pp. 671-675. , Waterhouse JAH, Muir CS, Shanmugaratnam K, Powell J, Peacham D, Whelan S, editors. 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WHO Mortality Database, , http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm, Geneva: World Health Organization UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28044472458&doi=10.1097%2f00008469-200512000-00002&partnerID=40&md5=25889e70d28ec94195d2982a3dd03ea5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Excess mortality in Black compared with White patients with Type 1 diabetes: An examination of underlying causes T2 - Diabetic Medicine J2 - Diabetic Med. VL - 22 IS - 12 SP - 1636 EP - 1641 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01671.x SN - 07423071 (ISSN) AU - Bosnyak, Z. AU - Nishimura, R. AU - Hughes, M.H. AU - Tajima, N. AU - Becker, D. AU - Tuomilehto, J. AU - Orchard, T.J. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States AD - Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan AD - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, United States AD - Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland AD - Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AD - Diabetes and Lipid Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3512 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States AB - Aims: Excess mortality in Type 1 diabetes has previously been found among Black individuals. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine underlying causes. Methods: A longitudinal study of 1261 [1184 White (93.9%) and 76 Black (6.0%)] individuals diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes between 1965 and 1979, at age < 17 years from the Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh registries. Subjects were contacted in 1999 to determine living status and, where appropriate, cause of death. Living status was determined in 1183 participants (93.8%). Results: Of the 200 deaths overall, cause of death was determined in 157 subjects (79%); 31 dying from acute and 101 from chronic complications, and 25 from non-diabetes related causes. Seven deaths were investigated but no cause determined. Black participants had a significantly higher mortality rate compared with White participants for acute complications (hazard ratio = 4.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 11.6), but not for any other cause. There was a temporal decline in the 20-year mortality rates in both racial groups across the three cohorts diagnosed in 1965-69, 1970-74 and 1975-79. Conclusions: These results show that the excess mortality in Black people was attributed to acute complications which therefore should be a focus for prevention. © 2005 Diabetes UK. KW - Acute complications KW - Cause-specific mortality KW - Race KW - Type 1 diabetes KW - adult KW - African American KW - article KW - cause of death KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - diabetic coma KW - diabetic ketoacidosis KW - European American KW - female KW - hazard assessment KW - human KW - hyperglycemia KW - hypoglycemia KW - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - Adolescent KW - African Americans KW - Cause of Death KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Pennsylvania N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: DIMEE C2 - 16401305 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Orchard, T.J.; Diabetes and Lipid Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3512 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: tjo@pitt.edu N1 - References: Dorman, J.S., Laporte, R.E., Kuller, L.H., Cruickshanks, K.J., Orchard, T.J., Wagener, D.K., The Pittsburgh insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) morbidity and mortality study. 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(1986) Acta Endocrinologica Suppl, 279, pp. 326-333; Hirasing, R.A., Bohm, F.J., Reeser, H.M., Oei, Y.B., Vaandrager, G.J., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Onset mortality of type I diabetes in 0- to 19-year-old children in the Netherlands, 1988-1990 (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 1197-1198; Thordarson, H., Sovik, O., Dead in bed syndrome in young diabetic patients in Norway (1995) Diabet Med, 12, pp. 495-496; West, K.M., Epidemiology of diabetes and its macrovascular complications (1979) Diabetes Care, 2, pp. 63-64; LaPorte, R.E., Orchard, T.J., Kuller, L.H., Wagener, D.K., Drash, A.L., Schneider, B.B., The Pittsburgh insulin dependent diabetes mellitus registry: The relationship of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus incidence to social class (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 114, pp. 379-384; Morrison, E.Y., Ragoobirsingh, D., Thompson, H., Fletcher, C., Smith Richardson, S., Mcfarlane, S., Phaisc insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Manifestations and cellular mechanisms (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, pp. 1996-2001 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30044438173&doi=10.1111%2fj.1464-5491.2005.01671.x&partnerID=40&md5=db40cda24365f2b446acc988ed1e6974 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rethinking the youth phase of the life-course: The case for Emerging Adulthood? T2 - Journal of Youth Studies J2 - J. Youth Stud. VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 367 EP - 384 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/13676260500431628 SN - 13676261 (ISSN) AU - Bynner, J. AD - Bedford Group for Life Course and Statistical Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAL, United Kingdom AB - A whole flurry of new thinking and research about young people in the USA has been stimulated by Jeffery Arnett's theory of 'Emerging Adulthood'. This argues for recognition of a new stage of the life-course between adolescence and adulthood reflecting the extension of youth transitions to independence brought about by globalization and technological change. Although the perspective aligns with developmental psychology's conception of 'stages of development', its appeal extends across the social science disciplines and policy domains. However, the rich theorizing of the same manifestations of social change in young people's experience in European Youth Studies appear to have been largely overlooked by Arnett. This paper attempts to redress this balance by drawing into the framework of Emerging Adulthood a wider set of theoretical concerns with structural factors and exclusion mechanisms to which (late) modern youth are subjected. The argument is exemplified by age-30 cohort comparisons across three British longitudinal studies starting in 1946, 1958 and 1970, demonstrating rising opportunities accompanied by increased social inequality. The paper concludes with a re-appraisal of the concept of youth as a phase of the late modern life-course in which the properties Arnett attributes to Emergent Adulthood are just one significant feature. 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Brown, The Falmer Press, Basingstoke UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29244463364&doi=10.1080%2f13676260500431628&partnerID=40&md5=a66c62fd076b42d364e23ce4c997f65a ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of breastfeeding on mean body mass index throughout life: A quantitative review of published and unpublished observational evidence T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 82 IS - 6 SP - 1298 EP - 1307 PY - 2005 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Owen, C.G. AU - Martin, R.M. AU - Whincup, P.H. AU - Davey-Smith, G. AU - Gillman, M.W. AU - Cook, D.G. AD - Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, United States AD - Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom AB - Background: Evidence from observational studies has suggested that breastfeeding may reduce the prevalence of obesity in later life. Objective: The objective was to examine whether initial breastfeeding is related to lower mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) throughout life. Design: The study was a systematic review of published studies investigating the association between infant feeding and a measure of obesity or adiposity in later life, which was supplemented with data from unpublished sources. Analyses were based on the mean differences in BMI between those subjects who were initially breastfed and those who were formula-fed (expressed as breastfed minus bottle-fed), which were pooled by using fixed-effects models throughout. Results: From 70 eligible studies, 36 mean differences in BMI (from 355 301 subjects) between those breastfed and those formula-fed (reported as exclusive feeding in 20 studies) were obtained. Breastfeeding was associated with a slightly lower mean BMI than was formula feeding (-0.04; 95% CI: -0.05, -0.02). The mean difference in BMIs appeared larger in 15 small studies of <1000 subjects (-0.19; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.08) and smaller in larger studies of ≥1000 subjects (-0.03; 95% CI: -0.05, -0.02). An Egger test was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Adjustment for socioeconomic status, maternal smoking in pregnancy, and maternal BMI in 11 studies abolished the effect (-0.10; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.06 before adjustment; -0.01; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.03 after adjustment). Conclusions: Mean BMI is lower among breastfed subjects. However, the difference is small and is likely to be strongly influenced by publication bias and confounding factors. Promotion of breastfeeding, although important for other reasons, is not likely to reduce mean BMI. © 2005 American Society for Nutrition. KW - Body mass index KW - Infant feeding KW - Systematic review KW - artificial milk KW - body mass KW - breast feeding education KW - cigarette smoking KW - epidemiology KW - human KW - infant feeding KW - obesity KW - outcome assessment KW - pregnancy KW - publication KW - quantitative analysis KW - review KW - socioeconomics KW - adult KW - artificial milk KW - baby food KW - breast feeding KW - breast milk KW - clinical trial KW - female KW - infant KW - infant nutrition KW - male KW - meta analysis KW - newborn KW - obesity KW - risk KW - risk factor KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Breast Feeding KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant Food KW - Infant Formula KW - Infant Nutrition Physiology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Milk, Human KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :308 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 16332664 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Owen, C.G.; Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom; email: c.owen@sgul.ac.uk N1 - References: James, P.T., Rigby, N., Leach, R., The obesity epidemic, metabolic syndrome and future prevention strategies (2004) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 11, pp. 3-8; De Onis, M., Blossner, M., Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1032-1039; Von Kries, R., Koletzko, B., Sauerwald, T., Breast feeding and obesity: Cross sectional study (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 147-150; Li, L., Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Breastfeeding and obesity in childhood: Cross sectional study (2003) BMJ, 327, pp. 904-905; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Infant feeding and obesity through the lifecourse (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 793-794; Owen, C.G., Martin, R.M., Whincup, P.H., Davey Smith, G., Cook, D.G., Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: A quantitative review of published evidence (2005) Pediatrics, 115, pp. 1367-1377; Arenz, S., Ruckerl, R., Koletzko, B., Von Kries, R., Breast-feeding and childhood obesity - A systematic review (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, pp. 1247-1256; Dewey, K.G., Is breastfeeding protective against child obesity? 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AD - University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - In this article, we describe a general framework for the analysis of correlated event histories, with an application to a study of partnership transitions and fertility among a cohort of British women. Using a multilevel, multistate competing-risks model, we examine the relationship between prior fertility outcomes (the presence and characteristics of children and current pregnancy) and the dissolution of marital and cohabiting unions and movements from cohabitation to marriage. Using a simultaneous-equations model, we model these partnership transitions jointly with fertility, allowing for correlation between the unobserved woman-level characteristics that affect each process. The analysis is based on the partnership and birth histories that were collected for the 1958 birth cohort (National Child Development Study) aged 16-42. The findings indicate that preschool children have a stabilizing effect on their parents' partnership, whether married or cohabiting, but the effect is weaker for older children. There is also evidence that although pregnancy precipitates marriage among cohabitors, the odds of marriage decline to prepregnancy levels following a birth. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth rate KW - child KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - demography KW - divorce KW - education KW - female KW - fertility KW - human KW - marriage KW - parity KW - pregnancy KW - proportional hazards model KW - psychological aspect KW - social class KW - spouse KW - statistics KW - time KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Rate KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Divorce KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Marital Status KW - Marriage KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Social Mobility KW - Spouses KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :59 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 16463915 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Steele, F.; Centre for Multilevel Modelling, Graduate School of Education, University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, United Kingdom; email: Fiona.Steele@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Aassve, A., Burgess, S., Propper, C., Dickson, M., "Employment, Family Union, and Child-bearing Decisions in Great Britain" (2004), Working paper. 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University of Bristol; Upchurch, D.M., Lillard, L.A., Panis, C.W.A., "Nonmarital Childbearing: Influences of Education, Marriage, and Fertility" (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 311-329; Waite, L.J., Lillard, L.A., "Children and Marital Disruption" (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 930-953; Wu, Z., "The Stability of Cohabitation Relationships: The Role of Children" (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 231-236; Wu, Z., Balakrishnan, T.R., "Dissolution of Premarital Cohabitation in Canada" (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 521-532 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646542368&doi=10.1353%2fdem.2005.0038&partnerID=40&md5=1da3e0cddbb09813c15bc8703c827776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does birth weight predict childhood diet in the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children? T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 955 EP - 960 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2005.034413 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Shultis, W.A. AU - Leary, S.D. AU - Ness, A.R. AU - Bain, C.J. AU - Emmett, P.M. AD - Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Department of Community-Based Medicine, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Department of Community-Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AB - Study objective: Low birth weight predicts cardiovascular disease in adulthood, and one possible explanation is that children with lower birth weight consume more fat than those born heavier. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate associations between birth weight and childhood diet, and in particular, to test the hypothesis that birth weight is inversely related to total and saturated fat intake. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: South west England. Participants: A subgroup of children enrolled in the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, with data on birth weight and also diet at ages 8, 18, 43 months, and 7 years (1152, 998, 848, and 771 children respectively). Main results: Associations between birth weight and diet increased in strength from age 8 to 43 months, but had diminished by age 7 years. Fat, saturated fat, and protein intakes were inversely, and carbohydrate intake was positively associated with birth weight at 43 months of age, after adjusting for age, sex, and energy intake. After adjustment for other confounders, all associations were weakened, although there was still a suggestion of a relation with saturated fat (-0.48 (95% CI -0.97, 0.02) g/day per 500 g increase in birth weight. Similar patterns were seen in boys and girls separately, and when the sample was restricted to those with complete data at all ages. Conclusions: A small inverse association was found between birth weight and saturated fat intake in children at 43 months of age but this was not present at 7 years of age. This study therefore provides little evidence that birth weight modifies subsequent childhood diet. KW - carbohydrate KW - fat KW - child health KW - adult KW - anthropometric parameters KW - article KW - birth weight KW - carbohydrate intake KW - cardiovascular disease KW - child KW - child growth KW - child nutrition KW - dietary intake KW - fat intake KW - human KW - infant KW - longitudinal study KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - social class KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet Records KW - Dietary Fats KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Pregnancy N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 16234423 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leary, S.D.; Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Department of Community-Based Medicine, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; email: s.d.leary@bristol.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Dietary Fats N1 - References: Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1019-1022; Phillips, D.I., Barker, D.J., Hales, C.N., Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life (1994) Diabetologia, 37, pp. 150-154; Frankel, S., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Birthweight, body mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1478-1480; Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , London: Churchill Livingstone; Rich-Edwards, J.W., Colditz, G.A., Stampfer, M.J., Birthweight and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult women (1999) Ann Intern Med, 130, pp. 278-284; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: A systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hypertens, 18, pp. 815-831; Rich-Edwards, J.W., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of women followed up since 1976 (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 396-400; Law, C.M., Gordon, G.S., Shiell, A.W., Thinness at birth and glucose tolerance in seven-year-old children (1995) Diabet Med, 12, pp. 24-29; Bavdekar, A., Yajnik, C.S., Fall, C.H., Insulin resistance syndrome in 8-year-old Indian children: Small at birth, big at 8 years, or both? 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Findings from a meta-regression analysis (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 156, pp. 1100-1104 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27344433536&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2005.034413&partnerID=40&md5=946ccb54a5b6e3dfe260727cc9157d60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mental health and hostility as predictors of temporary employment: Evidence from two prospective studies T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 61 IS - 10 SP - 2084 EP - 2095 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.028 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Virtanen, M. AU - Kivimäki, M. AU - Elovainio, M. AU - Vahtera, J. AU - Kokko, K. AU - Pulkkinen, L. AD - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AD - National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland AD - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland AD - University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland AD - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Psychology, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland AB - We used two studies to examine whether mental health and hostility predicted temporary employment. Study 1 involved a cohort of 970 Finnish hospital employees (102 men, 868 women) who had temporary job contracts at baseline. After adjustment for demographics, organisational tenure and part-time work status, doctor-diagnosed psychiatric disorder predicted continuing in temporary employment instead of receiving a permanent job by the end of the 2-year follow-up. A higher level of hostility was also associated with temporary employment, but only among employees in low socioeconomic positions. In Study 2, anxiety and aggressive behaviour were measured in a cohort of 226 Finnish school children (116 boys, 110 girls) at 8 years of age. Anxiety in childhood predicted temporary employment at age 42. Aggressive behaviour in childhood was related to ongoing temporary employment status in adulthood among individuals in low socioeconomic positions. Our findings suggest that selection by individual characteristics operates between the temporary and permanent workforces. Mental health problems, a part of which are already seen in childhood, seem to restrict individuals' possibilities to gain secure labour market positions. Hostility and aggressiveness seem to be related to labour market prospects only among individuals in low socioeconomic positions. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Depression KW - Employment KW - Finland KW - Health-related selection KW - Hostility KW - Inequality KW - Mental health KW - employment KW - medical geography KW - mental health KW - socioeconomic status KW - adult KW - aggression KW - anxiety KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - demography KW - employment KW - female KW - Finland KW - follow up KW - hostility KW - human KW - job performance KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - prediction KW - social status KW - work KW - Adult KW - Anxiety KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Hostility KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Health KW - Middle Aged KW - Prospective Studies KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :30 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 15941612 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Virtanen, M.; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Psychology, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland; email: marianna.virtanen@ttl.fi N1 - References: Bartley, M., Unemployment and health: Selection or causation - A false antithesis? 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Bone Miner. Res. VL - 20 IS - 11 SP - 1929 EP - 1935 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1359/JBMR.050704 SN - 08840431 (ISSN) AU - Sornay-Rendu, E. AU - Munoz, F. AU - Duboeuf, F. AU - Delmas, P.D. AD - INSERM Research Unit 403, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France AD - INSERM Unit 403, Pavillon F, Hopital E. Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France AB - BMD is a major determinant of the risk of fragility fractures, but the role of the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is still unclear. In 671 postmenopausal women from the OFELY cohort, we found that the rate of bone loss was significantly associated with fracture risk independently of other well-known predictors including BMD and previous fractures. Introduction: The level of BMD is a major determinant of the risk of fragility fractures, but the role of the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is still unclear. Materials and Methods: In the OFELY study, we analyzed the risk of fracture in 671 postmenopausal women (mean age, 62.2 ± 9 years), according to the rate of bone loss. BMD was measured annually by DXA at the forearm, with a mean number of measurements of 10.3 ± 2.6. Peripheral fractures, all confirmed by radiographs, were prospectively registered, and vertebral fractures were evaluated with spine radiographs every 4 years. Results: During a median (interquartile range [IQ]) of 11.2 years (11-12.3 years) of follow-up, 183 incident fragility fractures including 53 vertebral and 130 nonvertebral fractures were recorded in 134 women. The annual median ± IQ rate of bone loss, calculated from the slope, was -0.30 ± 0.76% at the mid-radius, -0.55 ± 0.79% at the distal radius, and -0.40 ± 0.96% at the ultradistal radius. Women with incident fracture had a rate of bone loss (before fracture) higher by 38-53% than those without fracture (p = 0.0003-0.016). Using multivariate Cox regression models, we found that bone loss in the highest tertile at the mid-radius, distal radius, and ultradistal radius was associated with a significant increased risk of all fractures with an hazard ratio from 1.45 to 1.70 (p = 0.02 top = 0.009 after adjusting for age, previous fractures, maternal history of fracture, physical activity, grip strength, falls, and baseline BMD). Conclusions: The rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women is significantly associated with fracture risk independently of other well-known predictors such as BMD and history of fractures. © 2005 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KW - BMD KW - Bone loss KW - Fragility fractures KW - Postmenopausal women KW - Prospective study KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - bone densitometry KW - bone density KW - bone radiography KW - disease association KW - falling KW - female KW - forearm KW - fracture KW - fragility fracture KW - grip strength KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - multivariate analysis KW - osteolysis KW - physical activity KW - postmenopause osteoporosis KW - prospective study KW - regression analysis KW - risk assessment KW - spine radiography KW - vertebra fracture KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Bone Density KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Forearm KW - Fractures, Bone KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal KW - Postmenopause KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Spinal Fractures N1 - Cited By :47 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBMRE C2 - 16234965 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sornay-Rendu, E.; INSERM Unit 403, Pavillon F, Hopital E. Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; email: rendu@lyon.inserm.fr N1 - References: Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W., Cauley, J., Ensrud, K., Genant, H.K., Vogt, T.M., Bone density at various sites for prediction for prediction of hip fractures (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 72-75; Marshall, D., Johnell, O., Wedel, H., Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1254-1259; Stone, K.L., Seeley, D.G., Lui, L.Y., Cauley, J.A., Ensrud, K., Browner, W.S., Nevitt, M.C., Cummings, S.R., BMD at multiple sites and risk of fracture of multiple types: Long-term results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, pp. 1947-1954; Siris, E.S., Miller, P.D., Barrett-Connor, E., Faulkner, K.G., Wehren, L.E., Abbott, T.A., Berger, M.L., Sherwood, L.M., Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. 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The OFELY Study (2000) Bone, 26, pp. 131-135; Taylor, B.C., Schreiner, P.J., Stone, K.L., Fink, H.A., Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Bowman, P.J., Ensrud, K.E., Long-term prediction of incident hip fracture risk in elderly white women: Study of osteoporotic fractures (2004) J Am Geriatr Soc, 52, pp. 1479-1486; Melton III, L.J., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Wahner, H.W., Riggs, B.L., Relative contributions of bone density, bone turnover, and clinical risk factors to long-term fracture prediction (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, pp. 312-318; Van Meurs, J.B., Dhonukshe-Rutten, R.A., Pluijm, S.M., Van Der Klift, M., De Jonge, R., Lindemans, J., De Groot, L.C., Uitterlinden, A.G., Homocysteine levels and the risk of osteoporotic fracture (2004) N Engl J Med, 350, pp. 2033-2041; Siris, E.S., Miller, P.D., Barrett-Connor, E., Faulkner, K.G., Wehren, L.E., Abbott, T.A., Berger, M.L., Sherwood, L.M., Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 2815-2822; Cuddihy, M.T., Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Melton III, L.J., Forearm fractures as predictors of subsequent osteoporotic fractures (1999) Osteoporos Int, 9, pp. 469-475; Tromp, A.M., Ooms, M.E., Popp-Snijders, C., Roos, J.C., Lips, P., Predictors of fractures in elderly women (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11, pp. 134-140; Melton III, L.J., Atkinson, E.J., Cooper, C., Ofallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Vertebral fractures predict subsequent fractures (1999) Osteoporos Int, 10, pp. 214-221; Malmin, H., Ljunghall, S., Persson, I., Naessen, T., Krusemo, U.B., Bergstrom, R., Fracture of the distal forearm as a forecaster of subsequent hip fracture: A population-based cohort study with a 24 years of follow-up (1993) Calcif Tissue Int, 52, pp. 269-272; Van Staa, T.P., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? 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The OFELY study (1999) J Bone Miner Res, 14, pp. 1614-1621; Garnero, P., Sornay-Rendu, E., Claustrat, B., Delmas, P.D., Biochemical markers of bone turnover, endogenous hormones and the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women: The OFELY study (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 1526-1536; Parfitt, A.M., Mathews, C.H., Villanueva, A.R., Kleerekoper, M., Frame, B., Rao, D.S., Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss (1983) J Clin Invest, 72, pp. 1396-1409 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27444437924&doi=10.1359%2fJBMR.050704&partnerID=40&md5=4b008701d0f21907e44c49dac92c8fda ER - TY - JOUR TI - Longitudinal analysis of the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on subsequent smoking behavior of offspring T2 - Nicotine and Tobacco Research J2 - Nicotine Tob. Res. VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 801 EP - 808 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/14622200500262840 SN - 14622203 (ISSN) AU - Roberts, K.H. AU - Munafò, M.R. AU - Rodriguez, D. AU - Drury, M. AU - Murphy, M.F.G. AU - Neale, R.E. AU - Nettle, D. AD - Cancer Research UK, General Practice Research Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom AD - Tobacco Use Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Childhood Cancer Research Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Population Studies and Human Genetics, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - Division of Psychology, Brain and Behavior, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom AB - We explored the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the likelihood of smoking among offspring in adolescence and adulthood using data from two similar British birth cohort surveys, the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Survey. Similar information was available in each cohort on maternal age at delivery, offspring sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental and offspring socioeconomic status, and parental smoking at the time offspring smoking was assessed at age 16 years. Offspring smoking at 16 years and at 30/33 years were the primary outcomes of interest. Our data support an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and an increased risk of offspring smoking later in life among female offspring but not among male offspring. Female offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to smoke at 16 years than were their male counterparts. Moreover, in this same subgroup, female offspring smoking at 16 years was associated with an increased likelihood of smoking at 30/33 years. Further investigation in larger studies with greater detail of factors shaping smoking in childhood and adulthood and biochemically verified outcome measures would be desirable to clarify the relationship. © 2005 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. KW - nicotine KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child development KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - delivery KW - female KW - gender KW - health behavior KW - health survey KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - maternal age KW - maternal behavior KW - outcomes research KW - parental behavior KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - social status KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Ganglionic Stimulants KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Nicotine KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NTREF C2 - 16191751 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Munafò, M.R.; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom; email: marcus.munafo@bris.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: nicotine, 54-11-5; Ganglionic Stimulants; Nicotine, 54-11-5 N1 - References: Abreu-Villaça, Y., Seidler, F.J., Slotkin, T.A., Does prenatal nicotine exposure sensitize the brain to nicotine-induced neurotoxicity in adolescence? (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, pp. 1440-1450; Abreu-Villaça, Y., Seidler, F.J., Tate, C.A., Cousins, M.M., Slotkin, T.A., Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the response to nicotine administration in adolescence: Effects on cholinergic systems during exposure and withdrawal (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, pp. 879-890; Bell, G.L., Lau, K., Perinatal and neonatal issues of substance abuse (1995) Pediatric Clinics of North America, 42, pp. 261-281; Brook, J.S., Brook, D.W., Whiteman, M., The influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the toddler's negativity (2000) Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, pp. 381-385; Buka, S.L., Shenassa, E.D., Niaura, R., Elevated risk of tobacco dependence among offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy: A 30-year prospective study (2003) American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, pp. 1978-1984; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-574; Cnattingius, S., Lindmark, G., Meirik, O., Who continues to smoke while pregnant? (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 218-221; Conrad, K.M., Flay, B.R., Hill, D., Why children start smoking cigarettes: Predictors of onset (1992) British Journal of Addiction, 87, pp. 1711-1724; Cornelius, M.D., Leech, S.L., Goldschmidt, L., Day, N.L., Prenatal tobacco exposure: Is it a risk factor for early tobacco experimentation? (2000) Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2, pp. 45-52; Day, N.L., Richardson, G., Goldschmidt, L., Cornelius, M., Effects of prenatal tobacco exposure on preschoolers' behaviour (2000) Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 21, pp. 180-188; DiFranza, J.R., Lew, R.A., Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden death syndrome (1995) Journal of Family Practice, 40, pp. 385-394; Dunn, H.G., McBurney, A.K., Cigarette smoking and the fetus and child (1977) Pediatrics, 60, p. 772; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., Maternal smoking before and after pregnancy: Effects on behavioural outcomes in middle childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 815-822; Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Horwood, L.J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 721-727; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Differential effects of cognitive functioning in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (1988) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 20, pp. 293-306; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Siegel, L.S., Reading and language in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (1997) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 19, pp. 171-183; Griesler, P.C., Kandel, D.B., Davies, M., Maternal smoking in pregnancy, child behaviour problems, and adolescent smoking (1988) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, pp. 159-185; Heath, A.C., Martin, N.G., Lynskey, M.T., Todorov, A.A., Madden, P.A., Two-stage models for genetic influences on alcohol, tobacco or drug use initiation and dependence vulnerability in twin and family data (2002) Twin Research, 5, pp. 113-124; Kandel, D.B., Udry, R.J., Prenatal effects of maternal smoking on daughters' smoking: Nicotine or testosterone exposure? (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 1377-1383; Kandel, D.B., Wu, P., Davies, M., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters (1994) American Journal of Public Health, 84, pp. 1407-1413; Kardia, S.L.R., Pomerleau, C.S., Rosek, L.S., Marks, J.L., Association of parental smoking history with nicotine dependence, smoking rate, and psychological cofactors in adult smokers (2002) Addictive Behaviors, 870, pp. 1-6; Muthén, L.K., Muthén, B.O., (2004) MPlus User's Guide, , (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author; Naeye, R.L., Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus and placenta (1978) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 85, pp. 732-737; Olds, D.L., Henderson, C.R., Tatelbaum, R., Intellectual impairment in children of women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy (1994) Pediatrics, 93, pp. 221-227; O'Loughlin, J., Paradis, G., Renaud, L., Gomez, L.S., One-year predictors of smoking initiation and of continued smoking among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighbourhoods (1998) Tobacco Control, 7, pp. 268-275; Oncken, C., McKee, S., Krishnan-Sarin, S., O'Malley, S., Mazure, C., Gender effects of reported in utero tobacco exposure on smoking initiation, progression and nicotine dependence in adult offspring (2004) Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, pp. 829-833; (1996) General Household Survey 1996, , Office for National Statistics. London: HMSO; (2002) General Household Survey 2002, , Office for National Statistics. London: HMSO; Osler, M., Clausen, J., Ibsen, K.K., Jensen, G., Maternal smoking during childhood and increased risk of smoking in young adulthood (1995) International Journal of Epidemiology, 24, pp. 710-714; (2000) Infant Feeding Survey, , U.K. Department of Health London: HMSO; Statistics on smoking: England, 1976 to 1996 (2003) Statistical Bulletin, 25, pp. 1-43. , U.K. Department of Health; Wald, N., Nicolaides-Bouman, A., (1991) UK Smoking Statistics, , (2nd ed.). Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28244480733&doi=10.1080%2f14622200500262840&partnerID=40&md5=0d18582abf4f83ae4c65d992dfd4ddc9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index T2 - Journal of Pediatrics J2 - J. Pediatr. VL - 147 IS - 4 SP - 429 EP - 435 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.05.005 SN - 00223476 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To examine the effects of duration, timing and type of television (TV) viewing at age 5 years on body mass index (BMI) in adult life. Study design and methods: 1970 British Birth Cohort, followed up at 5 (N = 13,135), 10 (N = 14,875), and 30 years (N = 11,261). Outcome measures: Weekday and weekend TV viewing at 5 years, type of programs, and maternal attitudes toward TV at age 5 years. BMI z-score at 10 and 30 years. Results: Mean daily hours of TV viewed at weekends predicted higher BMI z-score at 30 years (coefficient = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, P = .01) when adjusted for TV viewing and activity level at 10 years, sex, socioeconomic status, parental BMIs, and birth weight. Each additional hour of TV watched on weekends at 5 years increased risk of adult obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) by 7% (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13, P = .02). Weekday viewing, type of program and maternal attitudes to TV at 5 years were not independently associated with adult BMI z-score. Conclusions: Weekend TV viewing in early childhood continues to influence BMI in adulthood. Interventions to influence obesity by reducing sedentary behaviors40 must begin in early childhood. Interventions focusing on weekend TV viewing may be particularly effective. Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - follow up KW - human KW - maternal behavior KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - scoring system KW - sitting KW - social status KW - statistical analysis KW - television KW - Adult KW - Attitude KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child Rearing KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Social Class KW - Sports KW - Television KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :132 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOPDA C2 - 16227025 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: Health Foundation, Health Foundation N1 - Funding details: Mental Health Research UK, Mental Health Research UK N1 - Funding text: Russell Viner is part funded by a Fellowship from the Health Foundation, UK. 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UK Data Archive (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper 1, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Creeser, R., Household Grid Variables in the Combined NCDS/BCS70 1999/2000 Data: Data Note 3 (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Data Note 3, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies; Jenkins, A., Makepeace, G., Appendix 7: Highest qualification (2002) NCDS/BCS70 1999-2000 Follow-ups: Guide to the Combined Dataset (Revised December 2002), pp. 138-A162. , J. Bynner N. Butler E. Ferri P. Shepherd K. Smith Centre for Longitudinal Studies London; Parsons, S., Appendix 5: Basic skills and other variables (2002) NCDS/BCS70 1999-2000 Follow-ups: Guide to the Combined Dataset (Revised December 2002), , J. Bynner N. Butler E. Ferri P. Shepherd K. Smith Centre for Longitudinal Studies London; Butler, N.R., Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., (2000) The 1970 British Birth Cohort Study: Ten Year Follow-up: A Guide to the BCS70 Ten-year Data Available at the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., Child to adult socioeconomic conditions and obesity in a national cohort (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1081-1086; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Sallis, J.F., Broyles, S.L., Frank-Spohrer, G., Berry, C.C., Davis, T.B., Nader, P.R., Child's home environment in relation to the mother's adiposity (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 190-197; Burdette, H.L., Whitaker, R.C., Kahn, R.S., Harvey-Berino, J., Association of maternal obesity and depressive symptoms with television-viewing time in low-income preschool children (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157, pp. 894-899; Wake, M., Hesketh, K., Waters, E., Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children (2003) J Paediatr Child Health, 39, pp. 130-134; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 758-764; Tremblay, M.S., Willms, J.D., Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1100-1105; American Academy of Pediatrics: Children, adolescents, and television (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 423-426; Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Morrison, C., Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of obesity from self reported height and weight in an adult Scottish population (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 143-148; Goodman, E., Strauss, R.S., Self-reported height and weight and the definition of obesity in epidemiological studies (2003) J Adolesc Health, 33, pp. 140-141; Matheson, D.M., Killen, J.D., Wang, Y., Varady, A., Robinson, T.N., Children's food consumption during television viewing (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 79, pp. 1088-1094; Kay, J.P., Alemzadeh, R., Langley, G., D'Angelo, L., Smith, P., Holshouser, S., Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents (2001) Metabolism, 50, pp. 1457-1461; Saelens, B.E., Sallis, J.F., Nader, P.R., Broyles, S.L., Berry, C.C., Taras, H.L., Home environmental influences on children's television watching from early to middle childhood (2002) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 23, pp. 127-132; Boynton-Jarrett, R., Thomas, T.N., Peterson, K.E., Wiecha, J., Sobol, A.M., Gortmaker, S.L., Impact of television viewing patterns on fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents (2003) Pediatrics, 112, pp. 1321-1326; Klesges, R.C., Shelton, M.L., Klesges, L.M., Effects of television on metabolic rate: Potential implications for childhood obesity (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 281-286; Borzekowski, D.L., Robinson, T.N., The 30-second effect: An experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers (2001) J Am Diet Assoc, 101, pp. 42-46; (2004) A Short History of British Television Advertising, , http://www.nmpft.org.uk/insight/downloads/ AShortHistoryOfBritishTelevisionAdvertising.asp, UK, National Museum of Photography, Film and Television; Robinson, T.N., Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1561-1567 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26844516301&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpeds.2005.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=416c6ed22805397c011cbf3c116a6ba1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): Findings from the original Whitehall study T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1267 EP - 1274 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803020 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Batty, G.D. AU - Shipley, M.J. AU - Jarrett, R.J. AU - Breeze, E. AU - Marmot, M.G. AU - Smith, G.D. AD - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom AD - Bishopsthorpe Road, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZE, United Kingdom AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of obesity and overweight with organ-specific cancer mortality. METHODS: In the Whitehall prospective cohort study of London-based government employees, 18 403 middle-age men participated in a medical examination between 1967 and 1970. Subjects were followed up for cause-specific mortality for up to 35y (median: interquartile range (25th-75th centile); 28.1y: 18.6-33.8). RESULTS: There were over 3000 cancer deaths in this cohort. There was a raised risk of mortality from carcinoma of the rectum, bladder, colon, and liver, and for lymphoma in obese or overweight men following adjustment for range of covariates, which included socioeconomic position and physical activity. These relationships held after exclusion of deaths occurring in the first 20y of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Avoidance of obesity and overweight in adult life may reduce the risk of developing some cancers. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Cancer KW - Cohort study KW - Overweight KW - Whitehall KW - adult KW - article KW - bladder carcinoma KW - cancer mortality KW - cohort analysis KW - colon carcinoma KW - controlled study KW - follow up KW - government KW - human KW - liver carcinoma KW - lymphoma KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - rectum carcinoma KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Cohort Studies KW - Humans KW - London KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasms KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :88 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15997248 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Batty, G.D.; MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZE, United Kingdom; email: david-b@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine N1 - Funding details: Wellcome, Wellcome N1 - Funding details: British Heart Foundation, British Heart Foundation N1 - Funding details: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, Washington State Department of Social and Health Services N1 - Funding details: The Research Council, The Research Council N1 - Funding details: University of Copenhagen, Københavns Universitet N1 - Funding details: Research Councils UK, Research Councils UK N1 - Funding text: We are grateful to the civil servants who gave of their time to take part in the baseline study. The original screening of participants in the Whitehall study was funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and the Tobacco Research Council. Martin Shipley and Elizabeth Breeze are supported by the British Heart Foundation; Michael Marmot by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC). When work on this report began, David Batty was financed by the UK MRC at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and subsequently by a University Senior Research Fellowship at the University of Copenhagen. He is now the recipient of a Wellcome Advanced Training Fellowship. 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(2002) Epidemiology, 13, pp. 6-8; Bradford Hill, A., The environment and disease: Association or causation? (1965) Proc Roy Soc Med, 58, pp. 295-300; Batty, G.D., Lee, I.M., Physical activity and coronary heart disease (2004) BMJ, 328, pp. 1089-1090; Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Life-course approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific adult mortality (2001) Poverty, Inequality and Health. An International Perspective, , Leon D, Walt G (eds) OUP: Oxford UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29844444501&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0803020&partnerID=40&md5=0c9a34c8a1b6bfd2f8b83a66a200459c ER - TY - JOUR TI - For Japanese children to have a strong and healthy future: The first issue, a preliminary research of Sukusuku-cohort in Mie T2 - IRYO - Japanese Journal of National Medical Services J2 - IRYO Jpn. J. Natl. Med. Serv. VL - 59 IS - 10 SP - 533 EP - 538 PY - 2005 SN - 00211699 (ISSN) AU - Yamamoto, H. AU - Tamaki, J. AU - Ohtani, N. AU - Obata, M. AU - Bonno, M. AU - Yamakawa, N. AU - Tanaka, S. AU - Ido, M. AB - In 2004, the Japan Science and Technology Agency started a mission-oriented research program to identify which factors influence the cognitive-behavioral development of children in Japan. As the regional center in Mie Prefecture we are undertaking this research in cooperation with the departments of health and welfare and the education authorities of local governments. The results of preliminary research carried out in Fiscal 2004 are reported in this manuscript. In the beginning of the research, the research structure and a committee to promote this mission were organized involving the local government and mother and child care centers. Secondly, a research room to observe child development was established on the basement floor of our medical center. There are an interview section, a waiting corner and a feeding room as well as an observation booth needed for research. Thirdly, symposia on the subject of "the pursuit of child development - the responsibilities of the 21st century" were held to deepen the comprehension of general citizens. The number of attendees at the Owase and Tsu symposia were 75 and 64 people, respectively. A lot of audience manifested interest in this research. Moreover, the recruitment of subjects for a pilot study was carried out as part of this preliminary research. Fifty-one percent of families with newborn infants were informed about this research and 29% of these informed subjects, in other words 15% of the total of families with newborns, consented to the research. It was necessary to inform more than three times as many families to secure a sufficient number of subjects for research. Improving the enrollment rate for the pilot study is a major challenge. KW - Children KW - Cognitive-behavioral development KW - Japan KW - Mission-oriented research program III KW - Sukusuku cohort study KW - child behavior KW - child development KW - cognition KW - day care KW - education KW - feeding KW - futurology KW - government KW - history of medicine KW - human KW - Japan KW - medical research KW - newborn care KW - observational method KW - pilot study KW - review KW - waiting room N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IRYOA LA - Japanese N1 - References: Kaiser, J., NIH launches controversial long term study of 100000 U.S. kids (2005) Science, 306, p. 1883; Plewis, I., Calderwood, L., Hawkes, L., (2004) National Child Development Study and 1970 British Cohort Study Technical Report. Changes in the NCDS and BCS70 Populations and Samples over Time; Nathan, G., A review of sample attrition and representativeness in three longitudinal surveys (1999) Government Statistical Service Methodology Series, 13; Japanese source; Yamamoto, H., Obata, M., Bonno, M., The features of immunological potential in neonates (2005) Recent Res Devel Haematol, 2, pp. 21-32 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29344440674&partnerID=40&md5=4e5d25c584d85d28028439133407d001 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in cigarette smoking initiation and cessation among birth cohorts of 1926-1970 in Germany T2 - European Journal of Cancer Prevention J2 - Eur.J. Cancer Prev. VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 477 EP - 483 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1097/01.cej.0000174777.98518.7e SN - 09598278 (ISSN) AU - Schulze, A. AU - Mons, U. AD - German Cancer Research Center, Executive Office Cancer Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Heidelberg, Germany AD - German Cancer Research Center, Executive Office Cancer Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany AB - This study examines temporal differences in cigarette smoking initiation and cessation among male and female birth cohorts of 1926-1970 born in Germany. Based on the German Federal Health Survey 1998 the sample is divided into a series of 5-year sex-birth cohorts, beginning with those born between 1926 and 1930 and extending to those born between 1966 and 1970. The final data file consists of a sample of 5110 people. Ever-smoking prevalence among men varies from 60 to 70% between the birth cohorts, while in women born 1926-1930 ever-smoking increases from 20 to about 50% in those born 1966-1970. A reduction of the median age at starting smoking also takes place between the cohorts. With 8.5 years this decrease is more incisive among women, compared with a drop of 2 years among men. Regarding cessation patterns the analysis shows a shift towards a shorter duration of smoking with succeeding birth cohorts, again this shift is more incisive in women. But even in the youngest cohort still more than 50% of ever-smokers smoke regularly for more than 25 years. In Germany tobacco-control activities are required in order to take antismoking actions that especially prevent youth from starting to smoke and that support smokers in quitting. © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Cohort analysis KW - Gender differences KW - Germany KW - Smoking cessation KW - Smoking initiation KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - Germany KW - health program KW - human KW - male KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - smoking cessation KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Germany KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking KW - Smoking Cessation N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJUPE C2 - 16175053 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schulze, A.; German Cancer Research Center, Executive Office Cancer Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; email: a.schulze@dkfz.de N1 - References: Amos, A., Haglund, M., From social taboo to 'torch of freedom'. 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US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Insitute of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; (2004) The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General, , US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; Weinkam, J.J., Sterling, T.D., Age related changes in age of starting to smoke (1990) J Clin Epidemiol, 43, pp. 133-140; Weite, R., König, H.H., Leidl, R., The costs of health damage and productivity losses attributable to cigarette smoking in Germany (2000) Eur J Public Health, 10, pp. 31-38 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26444458773&doi=10.1097%2f01.cej.0000174777.98518.7e&partnerID=40&md5=7fba57c1eeea626ad0a715a8dfdab993 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schooling effects on subsequent university performance: Evidence for the UK university population T2 - Economics of Education Review J2 - Econ. Educ. Rev. VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 549 EP - 562 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.07.016 SN - 02727757 (ISSN) AU - Smith, J. AU - Naylor, R. AD - Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom AB - From a unique data set identifying the school attended prior to university for a full cohort of UK university students; we examine the determinants of final degree classification. We exploit the detailed school-level information and focus on the influence of school characteristics; such as school type; on subsequent performance of students at university. We estimate that; on average; a male (female) graduate who attended an Independent school is 6.5 (5.4) percentage points less likely to obtain a 'good' degree than is a student who attended an LEA (that is; state-sector) school; ceteris paribus. We also find considerable variation around this average figure across different Independent schools. We find that; for males; the variation in the probability of attaining a 'good' degree according to the Independent school attended can largely be explained by the level of school fees. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Degree performance KW - Independent schools KW - School fees KW - university sector N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Smith, J.; Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; email: jeremy.smith@warwick.ac.uk N1 - References: Bee, M., Dolton, P., Degree class and pass rates: An inter-university comparison (1985) Higher Education Review, 17, pp. 45-52; Bekhradnia, B., Thompson, J., Who does best at university? (2002), Manuscript, Higher Education Funding Council of England; Betts, J.R., Morell, D., The determinants of undergraduate grade point average: The relative importance of family background, high school resources, and peer group effects (1999) Journal of Human Resources, 34, pp. 268-293; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Reed, H., Higher education, employment and earnings in Britain (1997), London: Institute for Fiscal Studies; Bratti, M., Does the choice of university matter? 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(2002) Bulletin of Economic Research, 54, pp. 315-339; Naylor, R.A., Smith, J., McKnight, A., Returns to educational performance, evidence from UK graduates' first destination labour market outcomes (2003), Manuscript, University of Warwick; Peers, I., Johnston, M., Influence of learning context on the relationship between A-level attainment and final degree performance (1994) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 64, pp. 1-18; Rudd, E., A comparison between the results achieved by women and men studying for first degrees in British universities (1984) Studies in Higher Education, 9, pp. 47-57; Sear, K., The correlation between A-level grades and degree results in England and Wales (1983) Higher Education, 12, pp. 609-619; Smith, J., McKnight, A., Naylor, R.A., Graduate employability: Policy and performance in higher education in the UK (2000) Economic Journal, 110, pp. F382-F411; Smith, J., Naylor, R.A., Determinants of degree performance in UK universities: A statistical analysis of the 1993 student cohort (2001) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 63, pp. 29-60 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344376160&doi=10.1016%2fj.econedurev.2004.07.016&partnerID=40&md5=1454942fbe7e9d217ca4c0efefa2b5e8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of osteopenic women at high risk of fracture: The OFELY study T2 - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research J2 - J. Bone Miner. Res. VL - 20 IS - 10 SP - 1813 EP - 1819 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1359/JBMR.050609 SN - 08840431 (ISSN) AU - Sornay-Rendu, E. AU - Munoz, F. AU - Garnero, P. AU - Duboeuf, F. AU - Delmas, P.D. AD - INSERM Research Unit 403, E. Herriot Hospital, Lyon Cedex 03, France AD - INSERM Unit 403, Pavilion F, Hopital E. Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France AB - About one-half of women with incident fractures have BMD above the WHO diagnostic threshold of osteoporosis. In the OFELY study, low BMDD, increased markers of bone turnover, and prior fracture could be used to identify, within osteopenic women, those at high risk of fracture. Introduction: Recent data suggest that about one-half of women with incident fractures have BMD above the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic threshold of osteoporosis (T score ≤ -2.5). We aimed to identify, within osteopenic women, those at high risk of fracture. Materials and Methods: In the 671 postmenopausal women (mean age: 62 years) belonging to the Os des Femmes de Lyon (OFELY) population-based prospective cohort, we measured at baseline BMD by DXA at the spine and total hip, bone turnover markers (BTM) and clinical risk factors for osteoporosis. All fragility vertebral or nonvertebral fractures, confirmed by radiographs, were assessed during a median follow-up of 9.1 years (IQ: 2.3). Results: 158 incident fractures were recorded in 116 women: 8% in normal, 48% in osteopenic, and 44% in osteoporotic women. Among osteopenic women, low BMD (-2.5 < T score ≤ -2.0) was associated with an increased fracture risk with an age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.5 (1.3-4.6). In addition, age, prior fracture, and high BTM-but not other risk factors-were independently associated with an increased fracture risk with an age-adjusted HR of 2.2 (1.2-4.3) for prior fractures and 2.2 (1.4-3.8) for bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in the highest quartile. In the whole group of osteopenic women, a large majority of incident fractures occurred in those with a low BMD, prior fractures, or BALP in the highest quartile, with an age-adjusted HR of 5.3 (2.3-11.8). The 10-year probability of fracture in osteopenic women was 26% if at least one predictor was present, contrasting with 6% in those without any of the three risk factors. Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with osteopenia, low BMD, increased BTM, and prior fracture are associated with an increased risk of fracture in the subsequent 10 years. Their assessment may play an important role in identifying women at high risk of fracture who could not be adequately detected by BMD measurement alone and who may benefit from a therapeutic intervention. © 2005 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KW - Bone densitometry KW - Bone turnover markers KW - Fracture KW - Osteopenic women KW - Risk factors KW - alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme KW - osteocalcin KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - bone density KW - bone fragility KW - bone turnover KW - clinical examination KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - dual energy X ray absorptiometry KW - female KW - follow up KW - fracture KW - France KW - high risk population KW - hip KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - osteopenia KW - osteoporosis KW - physical examination KW - postmenopause KW - prediction KW - probability KW - prospective study KW - risk factor KW - spine KW - vertebra fracture KW - world health organization KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Bone Density KW - Female KW - Fractures, Bone KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal KW - Postmenopause KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :228 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBMRE C2 - 16160738 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sornay-Rendu, E.; INSERM Unit 403, Pavilion F, Hopital E. 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Q. VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 439 EP - 462 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/poq/nfi025 SN - 0033362X (ISSN) AU - Turner, C.F. AU - Villarroel, M.A. AU - Chromy, J.R. AU - Eggleston, E. AU - Rogers, S.M. AD - Department of Applied Social Research, City University of New York (Queens College and the Graduate Center) AD - Program in Health and Behavior Measurement, RTI International, United States AD - RTI's Program in Health and Behavior Measurement AD - RTI's Statistical Research Division AB - Trends in reporting of same-gender sex are assessed using data from the 1998-2002 General Social Surveys (Ns = 9,487 males and 12,336 females). Analyses indicate that the reported prevalence of female-female sexual contact increased substantially and monotonically across twentieth-century birth cohorts, rising from 1.6 percent (Standard error [SE] = 0.60) for the cohort of U.S. women born prior to 1920 to 6.9 percent (SE = 0.81) for women born in 1970 and afterward. Increases in the reported prevalence of female-female contacts also occurred within the 1990s. These trends persist when statistical controls are introduced for changes in attitudes toward same-gender sexual behavior. No parallel trend is observed in the reporting of male-male sexual contacts during adulthood, although the proportion of U.S. men reporting such contacts in the past year and in the past five years increased during the 1990s. N1 - Cited By :23 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Department of Applied Social Research, City University of New York (Queens College and the Graduate Center)email: cft@rti.org N1 - References: (2000) Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys, , Lenexa, KS: AAPOR; Anderson, J.E., Stall, R., Increased reporting of male-to-male sexual activity in a national survey (2001) Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 29, pp. 643-646; Baumeister, R.F., Gender differences in erotic plasticity: The female sex drive as socially flexible and responsive (2000) Psychological Bulletin, 126, pp. 347-374; Black, D., Gates, G., Sanders, S., Taylor, L., Demographics of the Gay and Lesbian population in the United States: Evidence from available systematic data sources (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 139-154; Butler, A.C., Gender differences in same-sex sexual partnering trends, 1988-2002 (2004) Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, , http://paa2004.princeton.edu/download.asp?submissionId=40247, Paper presented at the, Boston, MA (accessed June 2005); Davis, J.A., Smith, T.W., Marsden, P.V., (2003) General Social Surveys, 1972-2002: Cumulative File [Computer File]. 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Version 6, , Chicago: SPSS, Inc; (2000) Intercooled Stata Software: Release 6.0, , College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; Turner, C.F., Danella, R., Rogers, S.M., Sexual behavior in the United States, 1930-1990: Trends and methodological problems (1995) Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 22 (3), pp. 173-190; Turner, C.F., Miller, H.G., Moses, L., (1989) AIDS, Sexual Behavior, and Intravenous Drug Use, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Turner, C.F., Villarroel, M.A., Chromy, J.R., Eggleston, E., Rogers, S.M., Supplementary materials for same-gender sex among U.S. adults: Trends across the twentieth century and during the 1990s (2004) Technical Papers in Health and Behavior Measurement, 63. , www.soc.qc.edu/Staff/turner/TechPDFs/63_SGS_SuppTrends.pdf, Washington, DC: Program in Health and Behavior Measurement, RTI International; Villarroel, M.A., Turner, C.F., Eggleston, E., Al-Tayyib, A.A., Rogers, S.M., Same-gender sex in the USA: Impact of interview methodology and time on prevalence estimates (2002) Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, , Paper presented at the, Philadelphia, PA (Abstract #44782); Villarroel, M.A., Turner, C.F., Eggleston, E., Al-Tayyib, A.A., Rogers, S.M., Roman, A.M., Cooley, P.C., Gordek, H., Same-gender sexual contacts in the U.S.A.: Impact of new telephone survey technology on prevalence estimates Public Opinion Quarterly, , In press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-25144439086&doi=10.1093%2fpoq%2fnfi025&partnerID=40&md5=aee3631333bfdfab1052462c0724b403 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does mother's IQ explain the association between birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood? T2 - Intelligence J2 - Intelligence VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 445 EP - 454 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.intell.2005.05.004 SN - 01602896 (ISSN) AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Der, G. AU - Shenkin, S.D. AD - University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom AD - MRC Social and Public Health, Sciences Unit, Glasgow, United Kingdom AB - There is a significant association between birth weight and cognitive test scores in childhood, even among individuals born at term and with normal birth weight. The association is not explained by the child's social background. Here we examine whether mother's cognitive ability accounts for the birth weight-cognitive ability association. We analysed mother and child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Random effects models were employed to utilise fully the repeated cognitive tests on the same child, and to include all children of each mother. Mother's score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) was significantly related to child's birth weight. Birth weight was significantly related to the child's scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. This association was attenuated by up to two-thirds after taking into account mother's AFQT score. In this large sample the association between birth weight and cognitive ability was substantially explained by mother's IQ. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NTLLD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Deary, I.J.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; email: I.Deary@ed.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , 2nd ed. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; Barker, D.J.P., Developmental origins of adult health and disease (2004) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, pp. 114-115; Baumler, E.R., Carvajal, S., Harrist, R.B., Analysis of repeated measures data (2003) Multilevel Modeling: Methodological Advances, Issues, and Applications, pp. 140-156. , S.P. Reise & N. Duan (Eds.) 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(2002) Social Biology, 49, pp. 13-34; Guo, G., Harris, K.M., The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 431-447; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 305-310; Kenward, M.G., Roger, J.H., Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood (1997) Biometrics, 53, pp. 983-997; Kiweon, K., The effect of poverty on children's academic performance (1992), p. 2124. , (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1992). Dissertation Abstracts International, 53; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (2004) A Lifecourse Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , (Eds.) Oxford University Press Oxford, UK; (1999) NLSY79 User's Guide, , National Longitudinal Surveys US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics; Padilla, Y.C., Boardman, J.D., Hummer, R.A., Espitia, M., Is the Mexican American "epidemiologic paradox" advantage at birth maintained through early childhood? (2002) Social Forces, 80, pp. 1101-1123; Plomin, R., DeFries, J.C., McClearn, G.E., McGuffin, P., (2001) Behavioral Genetics, , 4th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 342-348; Rowe, D.C., IQ, birth weight, and number of sexual partners in white, African American, and mixed race adolescents (2002) Population and Environment, 23, pp. 513-524; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychological Bulletin, 130, pp. 989-1013; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 85, pp. 189-196; Singer, J.D., Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models (1998) Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 23, pp. 323-355; Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., D'Onofrio, B., Gottesman, I.I., Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children (2003) Psychological Science, 14, pp. 623-628; Willett, J.B., Singer, J.D., Martin, N.C., The design and analysis of longitudinal studies of development and psychopathology in context: Statistical models and methodological recommendations (1998) Development and Psychopathology, 10, pp. 395-426 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23844535106&doi=10.1016%2fj.intell.2005.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=606d1fcc25bd68aa683e03327892fa6f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Big and tall parents have more sons: Further generalizations of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis T2 - Journal of Theoretical Biology J2 - J. Theor. Biol. VL - 235 IS - 4 SP - 583 EP - 590 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.02.010 SN - 00225193 (ISSN) AU - Kanazawa, S. AD - Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - This paper proposes the generalized Trivers-Willard hypothesis (gTWH), which suggests that parents who possess any heritable trait which increases male reproductive success at a greater rate than female reproductive success in a given environment will have a higher-than-expected offspring sex ratio, and parents who possess any heritable trait which increases female reproductive success at a greater rate than male reproductive success in a given environment will have a lower-than-expected offspring sex ratio. Since body size (height and weight) is a highly heritable trait which increases male (but not female) reproductive success, the paper hypothesizes that bigger and taller parents have more sons. The analysis of both surviving children and recent pregnancies among respondents of the National Child Development Survey and the British Cohort Survey largely supports the hypothesis. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Evolutionary psychology KW - Generalized Trivers-Willard hypothesis (gTWH) KW - Offspring sex ratio KW - body size KW - heritability KW - reproductive success KW - sex ratio KW - body height KW - body size KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - data analysis KW - demography KW - economic aspect KW - empiricism KW - evolution KW - health survey KW - heritability KW - human KW - hypothesis KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - reproduction KW - review KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - survival rate KW - theoretical study KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Height KW - Body Size KW - Body Weight KW - Evolution KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Models, Genetic KW - Parents KW - Sex Ratio N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JTBIA C2 - 15935175 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kanazawa, S.; Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: s.kanazawa@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Austad, S.N., Sunquist, M.E., Sex ratio manipulation in the common opossum (1986) Nature, 324, pp. 58-60; Baron-Cohen, S., The extreme male brain theory of autism (1999) Neurodevelopmental Disorders, pp. 401-429. , T. Tager-Flusberg MIT Press Cambridge; Baron-Cohen, S., The extreme male brain theory of autism (2002) Trends Cognitive Sci., 6, pp. 248-254; Baron-Cohen, S., (2003) The Essential Difference, , Penguin London; Baron-Cohen, S., Hammer, J., Is autism an extreme form of the male brain? (1997) Adv. Infancy Res., 11, pp. 193-217; Baron-Cohen, S., Lutchmaya, S., Knickmeyer, R., (2004) Prenatal Testosterone in Mind: Amniotic Fluid Studies, , MIT Press Cambridge; Betzig, L.L., (1986) Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A Darwinian View of History, , Aldine New York; Betzig, L., Weber, S., Presidents preferred sons (1995) Polit. Life Sci., 14, pp. 61-64; Booth, A., Osgood, D.W., The influence of testosterone on deviance in adulthood: Assessing and explaining the relationship (1993) Criminology, 31, pp. 93-117; Brown, G.R., Sex-biased investment in nonhuman primates: Can Trivers & Willard's theory be tested? (2001) Anim. Behav., 61, pp. 683-694; Brown, G.R., Silk, J.B., Reconsidering the null hypothesis: Is maternal rank associated with sex ratios in primate groups? (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 99, pp. 11252-11255; Burley, N., Sex-ratio manipulation in color-banded populations of zebra finches (1986) Evolution, 40, pp. 1191-1206; Buss, D.M., Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures (1989) Behav. Brain Sci., 12, pp. 1-49; Chambers, M.L., Hewitt, J.K., Schmitz, S., Corley, R.P., Fulker, D.W., Height, weight, and body mass index (2001) Infancy to Early Childhood: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Developmental Change, pp. 292-306. , J.K. Hewitt R.N. Emde Oxford University Press London; Clutton-Brock, T.H., Albon, S.D., Guinness, F.E., Great expectations: Maternal dominance, sex ratios and offspring reproductive success in red deer (1986) Anim. Behav., 34, pp. 460-471; Cronk, L., Preferential parental investment in daughters over sons (1991) Human Nature, 2, pp. 387-417; Dabbs Jr., J.M., Morris, R., Testosterone, social class, and antisocial behavior in a sample of 4462 men (1990) Psychol. Sci., 1, pp. 209-211; Freese, J., Powell, B., Sociobiology, status, and parental investment in sons and daughters: Testing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis (1999) Am. J. Sociol., 106, pp. 1704-1743; Gaulin, S.J.C., Robbins, C.J., Trivers-Willard effect in contemporary north American Society (1991) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 85, pp. 61-69; Grant, V.J., (1998) Maternal Personality, Evolution, and the Sex Ratio: Do Mothers Control the Sex of the Infant?, , Routledge London; Harris, J.A., Vernon, P.A., Boomsma, D.I., The heritability of testosterone: A study of Dutch adolescent twins and their parents (1998) Behav. Genet., 28, pp. 165-171; Kanazawa, S., Why we love our children (2001) Am. J. Sociol., 106, pp. 1761-1776; Kanazawa, S., Can evolutionary psychology explain reproductive behavior in the contemporary United States? (2003) Sociol. Quart., 44, pp. 291-301; Kanazawa, S., (2004) Battered Women Have More Sons: A Possible Evolutionary Reason Why Some of Them Stay, , Interdisciplinary Institute of Management. London School of Economics and Political Science; Kanazawa, S., Kovar, J.L., Why beautiful people are more intelligent (2004) Intelligence, 32, pp. 227-243; Kanazawa, S., Vandermassen, G., Engineers have more sons, nurses have more daughters: An evolutionary psychological extension of Baron-Cohen's extreme male brain theory of autism and its empirical implications (2005) J. Theor. Biol., 233, pp. 589-599; Keller, M.C., Nesse, R.M., Hofferth, S., The Trivers-Willard hypothesis of parental investment: No effect in the contemporary United States (2001) Evol. Human Behav., 22, pp. 343-360. , 10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00075-7; Koziel, S., Ulijaszek, S., Waiting for Trivers and Willard: Do the rich really favor sons? (2001) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 115, pp. 71-79; Leimar, O., Life history analysis of the Trivers-Willard sex-ratio problem (1996) Behav. Ecol., 7, pp. 316-325; Mueller, U., Social status and sex (1993) Nature, 363, p. 490; Myers, J.H., Sex ratio adjustment under food stress: Maximization of quality or number of offspring? (1978) Am. Nat., 112, pp. 381-388; Nettle, D., Height and reproductive success in a cohort of British men (2002) Human Nature, 13, pp. 473-491; Nettle, D., Women's height, reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans (2002) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B - Biol. Sci., 269, pp. 1919-1923; Pawlowski, B., Dunbar, R.I.M., Lipowicz, A., Tall men have more reproductive success (2000) Nature, 403, p. 156; Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., Lahelma, E., Viken, R.J., Rose, R.J., Sex differences in genetic and environmental factors contributing to body-height (2001) Twin Res., 4, pp. 25-29; Soler, H., Vinayak, P., Quadgno, D., Biosocial aspects of domestic violence (2000) Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, pp. 721-739; Symington, M.M., Sex ratio and maternal rank in wild spider monkeys: When daughters disperse (1987) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 20, pp. 421-425; Tallal, P., Ross, R., Curtiss, S., Unexpected sex-ratios in families of language/learning-impaired children (1989) Neuropsychologia, 27, pp. 987-998; Trivers, R.L., Parental investment and sexual selection (1972) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871-1971, pp. 136-179. , B. Campbell Aldine Chicago; Trivers, R., (2002) Natural Selection and Social Theory: Selected Papers of Robert Trivers, , Oxford University Press Oxford; Trivers, R.L., Willard, D.E., Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring (1973) Science, 179, pp. 90-92 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344366558&doi=10.1016%2fj.jtbi.2005.02.010&partnerID=40&md5=648697bd9145ec6566040e642822f614 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood cognitive ability and age at menopause: Evidence from two cohort studies T2 - Menopause J2 - Menopause VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 475 EP - 482 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1097/01.GME.0000153889.40119.4C SN - 10723714 (ISSN) AU - Kuh, D. AU - Butterworth, S. AU - Kok, H. AU - Richards, M. AU - Hardy, R. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AU - Leon, D.A. AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands AD - Noncommunicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To investigate whether poorer cognitive ability in childhood is associated with an earlier menopause. Design: Two cohorts were included: a nationally representative British birth cohort study of 1,350 women born in March 1946 and followed up to age 54 years, and an Aberdeen cohort study of 3,465 women born in Aberdeen from 1950 to 1956 and followed up to age 44 to 50 years. Both cohorts had prospective information on childhood cognitive ability at age 7 or 8 years. Results: In both cohorts, women with lower cognitive scores in childhood reached menopause earlier than women with higher scores. With follow-up of menopause to 49 years, the hazard ratio (HR) for one standard deviation of the cognitive score was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72-0.90) in the Aberdeen cohort and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73-0.97) in the older 1946 birth cohort. The effect was still evident in the 1946 birth cohort with follow-up of menopause to 53 years (HR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95). These ratios were weakly attenuated by adjustment for potential confounding effects of lifetime socioeconomic circumstances, parity, and smoking. Conclusions: The association between early cognitive ability and timing of menopause only partially reflects common risk factors, although residual confounding remains a possibility. Alternatively, early environmental or genetic programming may explain this association, perhaps through setting lifelong patterns of hormone release or causing transient hormonal changes at sensitive periods of development. These findings have implications for the interpretation of studies investigating an association between age at menopause and adult cognitive function. © 2005 The North American Menopause Society. KW - Childhood cognition KW - Cohort study KW - Menopause KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - child KW - childhood disease KW - cognition KW - cohort analysis KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - follow up KW - hormonal regulation KW - hormone release KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - menopause KW - parity KW - socioeconomics KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Cognition KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Menopause KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Prospective Studies KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: MENOF C2 - 16037764 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.; MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: d.kuh@nhsd.mrc.ac.uk N1 - References: Van Der Schouw, Y.T., Van Der, G.Y., Steyerberg, E.W., Eijkemans, J.C., Banga, J.D., Age at menopause as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 714-718; Hu, F.B., Grodstein, F., Hennekens, C.H., Age at natural menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease (1999) Arch Intern Med, 159, pp. 1061-1066; Kelsey, J.L., Gammon, M.D., John, E.M., Reproductive factors and breast cancer (1993) Epidemiol Rev, 15, pp. 36-47; Cooper, G.S., Sandler, D.P., Age at natural menopause and mortality (1998) Ann Epidemiol, 8, pp. 229-235; Balasch, J., Sex steroids and bone: Current perspectives (2003) Hum Reprod Update, 9, pp. 207-222; Ginsburg, J., What determines the age at the menopause? (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1288-1289; Wise, P.M., Neuroendocrine modulation of the "menopause": Insights into the aging brain (1999) Am J Physiol, 277, pp. E965-E970; Sneider, A., MacGregor, A.J., Spector, T.D., Genes control the cessation of a woman's reproductive life: A twin study of hysterectomy and age at menopause (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, pp. 1875-1880; Treloar, S.A., Do, K.-A., Martin, N.G., Genetic influences on the age at menopause (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 1084-1085; De Bruin, J.P., Bovenhuis, H., Van Noord, P.A., The role of genetic factors in age at natural menopause (2001) Hum Reprod, 16, pp. 2014-2018; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Menopause and gynaecological disorders: A life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 64-85. , Kuh D, Hardy R, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Richards, M., Kuh, D.L., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime cognitive function and timing of natural menopause (1999) Neurology, 53, pp. 308-314; Batty, G.D., Morton, S.M.B., Campbell, D., The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods, and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life course and intergenerational influences on health (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18, pp. 221-239; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworth, S., Hardy, R.J., The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and costs associated with study longevity (2003) Soc Sci Med, 57, pp. 2193-2205; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study (2003) J Br Menopause Soc, 9, pp. 55-60; Brambilla, D., McKinlay, S.M., Johannes, C.B., Defining the perimenopause for application in epidemiologic investigations (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 1091-1095; Batty, G.D., Clark, H., Morton, S.M.B., Intelligence in childhood and mortality, migration, questionnaire response rate, and self-reported morbidity and risk factor levels in adulthood: Preliminary findings from the Aberdeen "Children of the 1950s" study (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56 (SUPPL. 2), pp. A1; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status and the age at menopause transition in a British national cohort (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 845-851; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Social and environmental conditions across the life course and age at menopause in a British birth cohort study (2005) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 112, pp. 346-354; Whalley, L.J., Fox, H.C., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Age at natural menopause and cognition (2004) Maturitas, 49, pp. 148-156; Shinberg, D.S., An event history analysis of age at last menstrual period: Correlates of natural and surgical menopause among midlife Wisconsin women (1998) Soc Sci Med, 46, pp. 1381-1396; Gold, E.B., Bromberger, J., Crawford, S., Factors associated with age at natural menopause in a multiethnic sample of midlife women (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 865-874; Welberg, L.A., Seckl, J.R., Prenatal stress, glucocorticoids and the programming of the brain (2001) J Neuroendocrinol, 13, pp. 113-128; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 342-348; Chrousos, G.P., Torpy, D.J., Gold, P.W., Interactions between the hupothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the female reproductive system (1998) Ann Intern Med, 129, pp. 229-240; Ellison, P.T., Developmental influences on adult ovarian hormonal function (1996) Am J Hum Biol, 8, pp. 725-734; Nunez De La Mora, A., Chatterton, R.T., Choudhury, O., Napolitano, D., Hochman, J., Bentley, G.R., Developmental effects on salivary progesterone levels in migrant Bangladeshi women (2003) Am J Hum Biol, 15, p. 277; Worthman, C.M., Endocrine pathways in differential well-being across the life course (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 197-232. , Kuh D, Hardy R, eds. 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(1997) Early Hum Dev, 49, pp. 143-148; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Does early growth influence timing of the menopause (2002) Hum Reprod, 17, pp. 2474-2479; Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Rahimi-Foroushani, A., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Paul, A., Infant nutrition and cognitive development in the first offspring of a national UK born cohort (1998) Dev Med Child Neurol, 40, pp. 163-167; Rodgers, B., Feeding in infancy and later ability and attainment: A longitudinal study (1978) Dev Med Child Neurol, 20, pp. 421-426; Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Long-term effects of early adversity on cognitive function (2004) Arch Dis Child, 89, pp. 922-927; Van Asselt, K.M., Kok, H.S., Putter, H., Linkage analysis of extremely discordant and concordant sibling pairs identifies quantitative trait loci influencing variation in human menopausal age (2004) Am J Hum Genet, 74, pp. 444-453; Steyaert, J., Legius, E., Borghgraef, M., Fryns, J.P., A distinct neurocognitive phenotype in female fragile-X premutation carriers assessed with visual attention tasks (2003) Am J Med Genet, 116 A, pp. 44-51; Block, S.S., Brusca-Vega, R., Pizzi, W.J., Berry-Kravis, E., Maino, D.M., Treitman, T.M., Cognitive and visual processing skills and their relationship to mutation size in full and premutation female fragile X carriers (2000) Optom Vis Sci, 77, pp. 592-599; Aittomaki, K., Lucena, J.L., Pakarinen, P., Mutation in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene causes hereditary hypergonadotropic ovarian failure (1995) Cell, 82, pp. 959-968; Ji, Y., Urakami, K., Wada-Isoe, K., Adachi, Y., Nakashima, K., Estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and alcohol-associated dementia (2000) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 11, pp. 119-122; Lambert, J.C., Harris, J.M., Mann, D., Are the estrogen receptors involved in Alzheimer's disease? (2001) Neurosci Lett, 306, pp. 193-197; Turic, D., Fisher, P.J., Plomin, R., Owen, M.J., No association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and general cognitive ability in children (2001) Neurosci Lett, 299, pp. 97-100; Deary, I.J., Whiteman, M.C., Pattie, A., Cognitive change and apoE4 allele (2002) Nature, 418, p. 932; Richards, M., Sacker, A., Lifetime antecedents of cognitive reserve (2003) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 25, pp. 614-624; Deary, I.J., Whalley, L.J., Lemmon, H., The stability of individual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age: Follow-up of the 1932 Scottish mental survey (2000) Intelligence, 28, pp. 57-68 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23244468555&doi=10.1097%2f01.GME.0000153889.40119.4C&partnerID=40&md5=6c632ba457119cba63023b23116b8243 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smoking during pregnancy and bulimia nervosa in offspring T2 - Journal of Perinatal Medicine J2 - J. Perinat. Med. VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 206 EP - 211 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1515/JPM.2005.038 SN - 03005577 (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Ehlin, A. AU - Ekbom, A. AD - Clinical Research Center, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden AD - Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Universitetssjukhuset Örebro, Kliniskt Forskningscentrum, 701 85 Örebro, Sweden AB - Because smoking during pregnancy is implicated in influencing appetite and impulse control in offspring, the aim of this study was to establish if it is associated with bulimia nervosa in offspring. Bulimia was identified at age 30 years among 4046 females, born 5-11 April, 1970. After adjustment for potential confounding factors including body mass index (BMI) and maternal psychiatric morbidity, smoking during pregnancy was associated with bulimia in offspring by age 30 years. Compared with non-smoking mothers, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for bulimia in offspring were 0.74 (0.25-2.21) for those who gave up before pregnancy, 3.04 (1.16-7.95) for giving up during pregnancy and 2.64 (1.47-4.74) for smoking throughout pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy was not associated with anorexia nervosa in offspring. Neither BMI nor variation between childhood and adult BMI explain the association. If the association of smoking during pregnancy with bulimia in offspring is causal, then it may operate through compromised central nervous system development and its influence on impulse or appetite control. The increased risk associated with mothers who gave up smoking during pregnancy emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation prior to conception. Copyright © by Walter de Gruyter. KW - Anorexia nervosa KW - Appetite KW - Bulimia nervosa KW - Longitudinal KW - Pregnancy KW - Smoking KW - adult KW - anorexia nervosa KW - appetite KW - article KW - birth KW - body mass KW - bulimia KW - central nervous system KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - female KW - high risk pregnancy KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - maternal morbidity KW - mental disease KW - mother KW - nervous system development KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - smoking KW - smoking cessation KW - Adult KW - Anorexia Nervosa KW - Body Mass Index KW - Breast Feeding KW - Bulimia KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Odds Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPEMA C2 - 15914342 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Universitetssjukhuset Örebro, Kliniskt Forskningscentrum, 701 85 Örebro, Sweden; email: scott.montgomery@medks.ki.se N1 - References: Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) Br Med J, 320, p. 1240; Fairburn, C.G., Harrison, P.J., Eating disorders (2003) Lancet, 361, p. 407; Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M., (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives, , Institute of Education Press, London; Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Zuguo, M., Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from the centers for disease control and prevention pediatric nutrition surveillance system (2004) Pediatrics, 113, p. 81; Guss, J.L., Kissileff, H.R., Devlin, M.J., Zimmerli, E., Walsh, B.T., Binge size increases with body mass index in women with binge-eating disorder (2002) Obes Res, 10, p. 1021; Hediger, M.L., Overpeck, M.D., Kuczmarski, R.J., Ruan, W.J., Association between infant breastfeeding and overweight in young children (2001) JAMA, 285, p. 2453; Henderson, J.J., Evans, S.F., Straton, J.A.Y., Priest, S.R., Hagan, R., Impact of postnatal depression on breastfeeding duration (2003) Birth Issues Perinat Care, 30, p. 175; Levin, E.D., Wilkerson, A., Jones, J.P., Christopher, N.C., Briggs, S.J., Prenatal nicotine effects on memory in rats: Pharmacological and behavioural challenges (1996) Dev Brain Res, 97, p. 207; Montgomery, S.M., Ekbom, A., Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort (2002) Br Med J, 324, p. 26; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Infant feeding and obesity through the lifecourse (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, p. 793; Plewis, I., (1985) Analysing Change, , Wiley, London; Power, C., Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Fetal environment and subsequent obesity: A study of maternal smoking (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, p. 413; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol, 34, p. 333; Simondon, K.B., Costes, R., Delaunay, V., Diallo, A., Simondon, F., Children's height, health and appetite influence mother's weaning decisions in rural Senegal (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, p. 476; Toschke, A.M., Ehlin, A.G.C., Von Kries, R., Ekbom, A., Montgomery, S.M., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and appetite control in offspring (2003) J Perinat Med, 31, p. 251; Toschke, A.M., Montgomery, S.M., Pfeiffer, U., Von Kries, R., Early intrauterine exposure to tobacco-inhaled products and obesity (2003) Am J Epidemiol, 158, p. 1068; Von Kries, R., Toschke, A.M., Koletzko, B., Slikker Jr., W., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 156, p. 954; Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases (2002) WHO Tech Rep Ser, 916, p. 61; Wideroe, M., Vik, T., Jacobsen, G., Bakketeig, L.S., Does maternal smoking during pregnancy cause childhood overweight (2003) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 17, p. 171; Xu, Z., Seidler, F.J., Ali, S.F., Slikker Jr., W., Slotkin, T.A., Fetal and adolescent nicotine administration: Effects on CNS serotonergic systems (2001) Brain Res, 914, p. 166; Yanai, J., Pick, C.G., Rogel-Fuchs, Y., Zahalka, E.A., Alterations in hippocampal cholinergic receptors and hippocampal behaviors after early exposure to nicotine (1992) Brain Res Bull, 29, p. 363 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23044467929&doi=10.1515%2fJPM.2005.038&partnerID=40&md5=8e378724a8effb3656454253ead909b4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Young fatherhood and subsequent disadvantage in the United Kingdom T2 - Journal of Marriage and Family J2 - J. Marriage Fam. VL - 67 IS - 3 SP - 735 EP - 753 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00166.x SN - 00222445 (ISSN) AU - Sigle-Rushton, W. AD - London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - Although there has been increasing attention to the importance of fathers and their relationships with their children, few studies have examined young parenthood and its consequences for fathers' life chances. In recent years, this has begun to change, and research is examining, to a far greater extent, the experiences of young fathers. Using data from a cohort of British men born in 1970, this paper uses a propensity score-matching technique to compare the well-being of 344 men who reported becoming fathers before the age of 22 with men from similar backgrounds who did not. The findings suggest that selection into young fatherhood is substantial but, for some outcomes, significant differences remain. KW - British cohort study KW - Fatherhood KW - Propensity score matching N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JMFAA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sigle-Rushton, W.; London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom; email: w.siglerushton@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Becker, S.O., Ichino, A., Estimation of average treatment effects based on propensity scores (2002) Stata Journal, 2, pp. 358-377; Boheim, R., Ermisch, J., Partnership dissolution in the UK: The role of economic circumstances (2001) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 63, pp. 197-208; Brien, M.J., Willis, R.J., Costs and consequences for the fathers (1997) Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, pp. 95-143. , R. A. Maynard (Ed.). 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Cambridge, MA: NBER; Despotiduou, S., Shepherd, P., (1998) 1970 British Cohort Study, Twenty Six Year Follow Up, , London: Statistics Research Unit, City University; Elder Jr., G.H., Time, human agency, and social change: Perspectives on the life course (1994) Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, pp. 4-15; Gottfredson, M., Hirschi, T., (1990) A General Theory of Crime, , Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press; Halle, T., (2002) Charting Parenthood: A Statistical Portrait of Fathers and Mothers in America, , Washington, DC: Child Trends; Hanson, S.L., Morrison, D.R., Ginsburg, A.L., The antecedents of teenage fatherhood (1989) Demography, 26, pp. 579-596; Heckman, J., Ichimura, H., Smith, J., Todd, P., Characterizing selection bias using experimental data (1998) Econometrica, 66, pp. 1017-1098; Hobcraft, J.N., (1998) Intergenerational and Life-course Transmission of Social Exclusion: Influences of Child Poverty, Family Disruption, and Contact with the Police, , (CASE Paper No. 15). 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Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; Jaffee, S.R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Taylor, A., Dickson, N., Predicting early fatherhood and whether young fathers live with their children: Prospective findings and policy reconsiderations (2001) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, pp. 803-815; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts - A longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37, pp. 363-380; Kiernan, K.E., Mueller, G., Who divorces? (1999) Changing Britain: Families and Households in the 1990s, pp. 377-403. , S. McRae (Ed.). Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Lerman, R.I., A national profile of young unwed fathers (1993) Young Unwed Fathers: Changing Roles, Emerging Policies, pp. 27-51. , R. I. Lerman & T. J. Ooms (Eds.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Lichter, D.T., Graefe, D.R., Finding a mate? The marital and cohabitation histories of unwed mothers (2001) Out of Wedlock: Causes and Consequences of Nonmarital Childbearing, pp. 317-343. , L. L. Wu & B. Wolfe (Eds.). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Michael, R.T., Tuma, N.B., Entry in marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background (1985) Demography, 22, pp. 515-544; Moore, K.A., Morrison, D.R., Greene, A.D., Effects on the children born to adolescent mothers (1997) Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, pp. 145-180. , R. A. Maynard (Ed.). 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(1999) Criminology, 37, pp. 479-514 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32144455367&doi=10.1111%2fj.1741-3737.2005.00166.x&partnerID=40&md5=42008fab7d14800dcdfc1fdd2a9ba466 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental divorce and subsequent disadvantage: A cross-cohort comparison T2 - Demography J2 - Demography VL - 42 IS - 3 SP - 427 EP - 446 PY - 2005 SN - 00703370 (ISSN) AU - Sigle-Rushton, W. AU - Hobcraft, J. AU - Kiernan, K. AD - Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom AB - Although many studies have examined the link between parental divorce and subsequent well-being, some theories of the effects of divorce suggest that the negative associations should have declined over time. However, few studies have examined the extent to which the associations have remained stable over time. Using data from two British cohorts, we analyzed both shorter- and longer-term outcomes of children who experienced parental divorce and the extent to which the associations have changed over time. Estimating similar models for both cohorts, we found little evidence of any change in the size of the relationship as divorce became more commonplace. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - child welfare KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - cross-sectional study KW - divorce KW - female KW - human KW - information processing KW - male KW - parent KW - psychological aspect KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Divorce KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Parents N1 - Cited By :56 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 16235607 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sigle-Rushton, W.; Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: w.sigle-rushton@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Keith, B., "Parental Divorce and the Well-being of Children: A Meta-Analysis" (1991) Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp. 26-46; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., "Parental Divorce and Adult Well-being: A Meta-Analysis" (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 43-58; Biblarz, T.J., Raftery, A., "Family Structure, Educational Attainment, and Socioeconomic Success: Rethinking the 'Pathology of the Matriarchy'" (1999) American Journal of Sociology, 105, pp. 321-365; Burrows, R., (1997) Contemporary Patterns of Residential Mobility in Relation to Social Housing in England, , York, England: Centre for Housing Policy, University of York; Bynner, J., Elias, P., McKnight, A., Pan, H., Pierre, G., (2002) Young People's Changing Routes to Independence, , London: Joseph Rowntree Association; Bynner, J., Joshi, H., "Equality and Opportunity in Education: Evidence From the 1958 and 1970 Birth Cohort Studies" (2002) Oxford Review of Education, 28, pp. 405-425; Cherlin, A.J., Furstenberg, F.F., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K., Robins, P.K., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., "Longitudinal Studies of Effects of Divorce on Children in Great Britain and the United States" (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389. , (June 7); Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., "Parental Divorce in Childhood and Demographic Outcomes in Young Adulthood" (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Collins, D., Deepchand, K., Fitzgerald, R., Perry, J., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Smith, K., (2001) Stability, Change, and Development in the British Population, , Technical Report. London: Joint Centre for Longitudinal Research; Despotiduou, S., Shepherd, P., (1998) 1970 British Cohort Study, Twenty Six Year Follow Up, , Guide to data available at the ESRC Data Archive, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Ely, M., Richards, M.P.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Elliot, B.J., "Secular Changes in the Association of Parental Divorce and Children's Educational Attainment? Evidence From Three British Cohorts" (1999) Journal of Social Policy, 28, pp. 437-455; Furstenberg, F.F., Kiernan, K., "Delayed Parental Divorce: How Much Do Children Benefit?" (2001) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63, pp. 446-457; Hobcraft, J.N., "Intergenerational and Life-Course Transmission of Social Exclusion: Influences of Child Poverty, Family Disruption, and Contact With the Police" (1998), CASE Paper 15, ESRC Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Jekielek, S.M., "Parental Conflict, Marital Disruption, and Children's Emotional Well-being" (1998) Social Forces, 76, pp. 905-935; Kiernan, K., "The Impact of Family Disruption in Childhood on Transitions Made in Young Adult Life" (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K., "The Legacy of Parental Divorce: Social, Economic, and Demographic Experiences in Adulthood" (1997), CASE Paper 1. Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Kiernan, K., "Cohabitation and Divorce Across Nations and Generations" (2004) Human Development Across Lives and Generations: The Potential for Change, pp. 139-1370. , edited by P.L. Chase-Lansdale, K. Kiernan, and R. Friedman. New York: Cambridge University Press; Lee, P., Murie, A., (1997) Poverty, Housing Tenure, and Social Exclusion, , Bristol, England: The Policy Press; McLanahan, S.S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing Up With a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps?, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Morrison, D.R., Cherlin, A.J., "The Divorce Process and Young Children's Well-being: A Prospective Analysis" (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 800-812; Murie, A., Niner, P., Watson, C., (1976) Housing Policy and the Housing System, , London: Allen and Unwin; Richman, N., "Depression in Mothers of Young Children" (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; Rogers, B., Pryor, J., (1998) Divorce and Separation: The Outcomes for Children, , York, England: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Graham, P., "Isle of Wight Studies: 1964-1974" (1976) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health, and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Sigle-Rushton, W., McLanahan, S.S., "Father Absence and Child Well-being: A Critical Review" (2004) The Future of the Family, pp. 116-158. , edited by D.P. Moynihan, T. Smeeding, and L. Rainwater. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Stolzenberg, R.M., Relles, D., "Testing Theory in a World of Constrained Research Design" (1990) Sociological Methods and Research, 18, pp. 395-415; Wadsworth, M.E., MacLean, A., "Parents' Divorce and Children's Life Chances" (1986) Children and Youth Services Review, 8 (2), pp. 145-159; West, A., Pennell, H., (2003) Underachievement in Schools, , London: Routledge Falmer; Wolfinger, N.H., "Trends in the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce" (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 415-420 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26044438843&partnerID=40&md5=10003ef01568b7ca5ce2b78333f762f8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socio-economic position across the life course and hysterectomy in three British cohorts: A cross-cohort comparative study T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 112 IS - 8 SP - 1126 EP - 1133 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00654.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Cooper, R. AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Hardy, R. AU - Ebrahim, S. AU - Leon, D.A. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AU - Kuh, D. AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To examine the association between indicators of lifetime socio-economic position and rates of hysterectomy in three British cohorts. Design: Cross-cohort comparative study. Setting: Two cohorts: England, Scotland and Wales. Third cohort: Aberdeen, Scotland. Population: Three thousand two hundred and eight women born between 1919 and 1940, participating in the British Women's Heart and Health Study (BWHHS); 1394 women from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), followed up since birth in 1946; 3208 women born between 1950 and 1955, participating in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study, all with complete information on lifetime socio-economic position and hysterectomy status. Methods: Relative indices of inequality were derived for markers of socio-economic position in childhood and adulthood. Cox's regression models were used to test the association between these markers and hysterectomy. Main outcome measure: Self-reported hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy. Results: Adverse socio-economic position in childhood and as indicated by educational status was associated with reduced rates of hysterectomy in the oldest of the three cohorts (BWHHS), whereas conversely in the NSHD and Aberdeen cohorts it was associated with increased rates of hysterectomy. The unadjusted hazards ratios for hysterectomy comparing worst to best socio-economic position for father's social class were 0.73 (0.56, 0.96) for women from the BWHHS, 1.77 (1.19, 2.65) for those from the NSHD and 2.06 (1.46, 2.89) for those from the Aberdeen cohort. Associations between markers of adult socio-economic position and hysterectomy tended to be weaker in all three cohorts and often did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance. Conclusions: Our results show that hysterectomy rates are influenced by childhood socio-economic position and educational attainment, but that the nature of this association varies across these three British cohorts born in different decades of the 20th century. That there were no consistent or strong associations between adult SEP and hysterectomy rates suggest that social factors influencing rates of hysterectomy are likely to be those experienced or which develop in early life rather than those which develop later. © RCOG 2005 BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - hysterectomy KW - infant KW - lifespan KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - ovariectomy KW - priority journal KW - self report KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - educational status KW - middle aged KW - regression analysis KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - statistics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Hysterectomy KW - Middle Aged KW - Ovariectomy KW - Regression Analysis KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BIOGF C2 - 16045529 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cooper, R.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom N1 - References: Maresh, M.J.A., Metcalfe, M.A., McPherson, K., The VALUE national hysterectomy study: Description of the patients and their surgery (2002) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 109, pp. 302-312; Vessey, M.P., Villard-Mackintosh, L., McPherson, K., Coulter, A., Yeates, D., The epidemiology of hysterectomy: Findings in a large cohort study (1992) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 99, pp. 402-407; Kasper, A.S., Hysterectomy as social process (1985) Women Health, 10, pp. 109-127; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Menopause and gynaecological disorders: A life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 64-85. , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Dharmalingam, A., Pool, I., Dickson, J., Biosocial determinants of hysterectomy in New Zealand (2000) Am J Public Health, 90, pp. 1455-1458; Harlow, B.L., Barbieri, R.L., Influence of education on risk of hysterectomy before age 45 years (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 843-847; Kjerulff, K., Langenberg, P., Guzinski, G., The socioeconomic correlates of hysterectomies in the United States (1993) Am J Public Health, 83, pp. 106-108; Kuh, D., Stirling, S., Socioeconomic variation in admission for diseases of female genital system and breast in a national cohort aged 15-43 (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 840-843; Marks, N.F., Shinberg, D.S., Socioeconomic differences in hysterectomy: The Wisconsin longitudinal study (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1507-1514; Marshall, S.F., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D., Socioeconomic variation in hysterectomy up to age 52: National, population based, prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, p. 1579; Marshall, S., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Changes with age in the socioeconomic gradient in hysterectomy: Findings from a national cohort (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, p. 782; Meilahn, E.N., Matthews, K.A., Egeland, G., Kelsey, S.F., Characteristics of women with hysterectomy (1989) Maturitas, 11, pp. 319-329; Santow, G., Bracher, M., Correlates of hysterectomy in Australia (1992) Soc Sci Med, 34, pp. 929-942; Seltnes, A., Jorgensen, T., Hysterectomy in a Danish cohort. Prevalence, incidence and socio-demographic characteristics (1996) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 75, pp. 274-280; Coulter, A., McPherson, K., Socioeconomic variations in the use of common surgical operations (1985) BMJ, 291, pp. 183-187; Ross, C.E., Wu, C., The links between education and health (1995) Am Social Rev, 60, pp. 719-745; Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Socioeconomic pathways between childhood and adult health (2004) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 371-395. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Sacker, A., Schoon, I., Bartley, M., Social inequality in educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment throughout childhood: Magnitude and mechanisms (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 863-880; Lake, J., Power, C., Cole, T., Significant social class gradient in menstrual disorders (1995) BMJ, 311, p. 1503; Power, C., Parsons, T., Overweight and obesity from a life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 304-328. , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Davey Smith, G., Lynch, J., Life course approaches to socioeconomic differentials in health (2004) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 77-115. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lawlor, D.A., Bedford, C., Taylor, M., Ebrahim, S., Geographical variation in cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and their control in older women: British Women's Heart and Health Study (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 134-140; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., The association of socio-economic position across the life course and age at menopause: The British Women's Heart and Health Study (2003) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 110, pp. 1078-1087; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study (2003) J Br Menopause Soc, 9, pp. 55-60; Batty, G.D., Morton, S.M.B., Campbell, D., The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods, and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life course and intergenerational influences on health (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18, pp. 221-239; Mackenbach, J.P., Kunst, A.E., Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health: An overview of available measures illustrated with two examples from Europe (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 757-771; Kennedy, T.M., Jones, R.H., The epidemiology of hysterectomy and irritable bowel syndrome in a UK population (2000) Int J Clin Prac, 54, pp. 647-650; Brett, K.M., Madans, J.H., Hysterectomy use: The correspondence between self-reports and hospital records (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1653-1655; (1934) The Registrar-General's Decennial Supplement, England and Wales 1931: Part IIa. Occupational Mortality, , London: HMSO; Thompson, B., Baird, D., Follow-up of 186 sterilised women (1968) Lancet, 1, pp. 1023-1027; Baird, D., Sterilization and therapeutic abortion in Aberdeen (1967) Br J Psychiatry, 113, pp. 701-709; Baird, D., The Galton Lecture 1970: The obstetrician and society (1971) J Biosoc Sci, (SUPPL. 3), pp. 93-111 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24344442957&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2005.00654.x&partnerID=40&md5=d4719b6e62b0790acca228979fb2af4b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early life predictors of childhood intelligence: Evidence from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s study T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 8 SP - 656 EP - 663 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2004.030205 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Batty, G.D. AU - Morton, S.M.B. AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Macintyre, S. AU - Ronalds, G. AU - Leon, D.A. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To identify the early life predictors of childhood intelligence. Design: Cohort study of 10 424 children who were born in Aberdeen (Scotland) between 1950 and 1956. Results: Social class of father around the time of birth, gravidity, maternal age, maternal physical condition, whether the child was born outside of marriage, prematurity, intrauterine growth, and childhood height were all independently associated with childhood intelligence at ages 7, 9, and 11. The effect of social class at birth was particularly pronounced, with a graded linear association across the distribution even with adjustment for all other covariates (p<0.001 for linear trend). Those from the lowest social class (V) had intelligence scores that were on average 0.9-1.0 of a standard deviation lower than those from the higher groups (I and II) at each of the three ages of intelligence testing. Collectively, the early life predictors that were examined explained 16% of the variation in intelligence at each age. Conclusions: Father's social class around the time of birth was an important predictor of childhood intelligence, even after adjustment for maternal characteristics and perinatal and childhood factors. Studies of the association of childhood intelligence with future adult disease need to ensure that the association is not fully explained by socioeconomic position. KW - educational attainment KW - social status KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - human KW - intelligence KW - intelligence test KW - male KW - maternal age KW - normal human KW - parity KW - prediction KW - preeclampsia KW - prematurity KW - prenatal growth KW - school child KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Intelligence KW - Male KW - Marital Status KW - Maternal Age KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Scotland KW - Sex Distribution KW - Social Class KW - Aberdeen [Aberdeen (UNA)] KW - Aberdeen [Scotland] KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Scotland KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :55 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 16020642 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Starr, J.M., Taylor, M.D., Hart, C.L., Childhood mental ability and blood pressure at midlife: Linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the Midspan studies (2004) J Hypertens, 22, pp. 893-897; Hart, C.L., Taylor, M.D., Davey Smith, G., Childhood IQ, social class, deprivation, and their relationships with mortality and morbidity risk in later life: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the midspan studies (2003) Psychosom Med, 65, pp. 877-883; Osier, M., Andersen, A.M., Due, P., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. 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Findings from a meta-regression analysis (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 156, pp. 1100-1104; Mackenzie, H., (1953) The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. The City of Aberdeen, , Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Thomson, B., Hewitt, A., Skipper, D., (1985) Having a First Baby-experiences in 1951 and 1985 Compared: Two Social, Obstetric and Dietary Studies of Married Primigraviddae in Aberdeen, , Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press; Hofferth, S.L., Smith, J., McLoyd, V.C., Achievement and behavior among children of welfare recipients, welfare leavers, and low-income single mothers (2000) Journal of Social Issues, 56, pp. 747-774 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23144442024&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.030205&partnerID=40&md5=d6f95de6b497e432c3ba5bb5a9103c29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - You'll never walk alone: Childhood influences and male career path clusters T2 - Labour Economics J2 - Labour Econ. VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 511 EP - 530 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.labeco.2005.05.008 SN - 09275371 (ISSN) AU - Anyadike-Danes, M. AU - McVicar, D. AD - Economic Research Institute of Northern Ireland, 2-14 East Bridge Street, Belfast BT1 3NQ, United Kingdom AD - School of Management and Economics, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom AB - This paper examines career paths for a cohort of British 29 year old males born in 1970. A typology of careers is identified using sequence methods and cluster analysis. Among the clear 'types' are several paths dominated by unemployment and other forms of non-employment. These types are strongly correlated with individual characteristics and parental background factors observed at birth, age 10 and age 16. By estimating a multinomial logit model of career types we show how policy makers might identify early on those young men likely to experience long-term unemployment or inactivity as adults, potentially enabling better targeted preventative policy intervention. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Careers KW - Cluster analysis KW - Inactivity KW - Optimal matching KW - Unemployment N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LECOE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Anyadike-Danes, M.; Economic Research Institute of Northern Ireland, 2-14 East Bridge Street, Belfast BT1 3NQ, United Kingdom; email: M.Anyadike-Danes@qub.ac.uk N1 - References: Abbott, A., (2001) Time Matters On Theory and Method, , Chicago: U.P; Abbott, A., Forrest, J., Optimal matching methods for historical data (1986) Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 16, pp. 473-496; Abbott, A., Hrycak, A., Measuring resemblance in social sequences (1990) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 144-185; Beatty, C., Fothergill, S., Macmillan, R., A theory of employment, unemployment and sickness (2000) Regional Studies, 34, pp. 617-630; Bynner, J., Education and family components of identity in the transition from school to work (1998) International Journal of Behavioural Development, 22 (1), pp. 29-53; Bynner, J., Elias, P., McKnight, A., Pan, H., Pierre, G., (2002) Young People's Changing Routes to Independence, , York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Cramer, J.S., Ridder, G., Pooling states in the multinomial logit model (1991) Journal of Econometrics, 47, pp. 267-272; Eberts, R., O'Leary, C., Wandner, S., (2002) Targeting Employment Services, , UpJohn Institute Kalamazoo, Michigan; Gregg, P., The impact of youth unemployment on adult unemployment in the NCDS (2001) Economic Journal, 111, pp. F626-F653; Halpin, B., Tracks through time and continuous processes: Transitions, sequences and social structure' (2003), Paper Presented for the Conference, 'Frontiers in Social and Economic Mobility, Cornell University, March 27-29 2003; Halpin, B., Chan, T.-W., Class careers as sequences (1998) European Sociological Review, 14 (2), pp. 111-130; Hasluck, C., 'Targeting services in the individual customer strategy: The role of profiling-a review of the research evidence' (2004), Report No. 192, Jobcentre Plus Analysis Division, UK Department of Work and Pensions, London; Jenkins, S., Rigg, J.A., Disability and disadvantage: Selection, onset and duration effects (2003), Institute for Social and Economic Research Working Paper No. 2003-18, University of Essex; Levine, J.H., But what have you done for us lately? 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Card (Eds) Elsevier Amsterdam; Magnac, T., Subsidised training and youth employment: Distinguishing unobserved heterogeneity from state dependence in labour market histories (2000) Economic Journal, 110, pp. 805-837; Mano, M.A., Munoz-Bullon, F., Employment status mobility from a life-cycle perspective: A sequence analysis of work histories in the BHPS (2003) Demographic Research, 9, pp. 120-160; McVicar, D., Anyadike-Danes, M., Predicting successful and unsuccessful transitions from school to work by using sequence methods (2002) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 165 (2), pp. 317-334; Morgan, B.J.T., Ray, A.P.G., Non-uniqueness and inversions in cluster analysis (1995) Applied Statistics, 44, pp. 117-134; Nathan, G., A Review of Sample Attrition and Representativeness in Three Longitudinal Surveys (1999) Government Statistical Service Methodology Series, 13; Pollock, G., Antcliff, V., Ralph, R., Work orders: Analyzing employment histories using sequence data (2002) International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 5 (2), pp. 91-105; Sankoff, D., Kruskal, J.B., (1983) Time Warps, String Edits and Macromolecules, , Addison Wesley Reading MA; Scherer, S., Early career patterns: A comparison of Great Britain and Germany (1999) European Sociological Review, 17 (2), pp. 119-144; Schoon, I., McCullough, A., Joshi, H., Wiggins, R., Bynner, J., Transitions from school to work in a changing social context (2001) Young, 9, pp. 4-22; Wolpin, K., Estimating a structural search model: The transition from school to work (1987) Econometrica, 55, pp. 801-817; Wu, L.L., Some comments on "sequence analysis and optimal matching methods in sociology: Review and prospect (2000) Sociological Methods and Research, 29 (1), pp. 41-64 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24044531939&doi=10.1016%2fj.labeco.2005.05.008&partnerID=40&md5=1ebbf9dde50f3dd747144439658ad5b7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multinational impact of the 1968 Hong Kong influenza pandemic: Evidence for a smoldering pandemic T2 - Journal of Infectious Diseases J2 - J. Infect. Dis. VL - 192 IS - 2 SP - 233 EP - 248 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1086/431150 SN - 00221899 (ISSN) AU - Viboud, C. AU - Grais, R.F. AU - Lafont, B.A.P. AU - Miller, M.A. AU - Simonsen, L. AD - Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, 16 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States AB - Background. The first pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1968/1969) resulted in significant mortality in the United States, but it was the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1969/1970) that caused the majority of deaths in England. We further explored the global pattern of mortality caused by the pandemic during this period. Methods. We estimated the influenza-related excess mortality in 6 countries (United States, Canada, England and Wales, France, Japan, and Australia) using national vital statistics by age for 1967-1978. Geographical and temporal pandemic patterns in mortality were compared with the genetic drift of the influenza viruses by analyzing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequences from GenBank. Results. In North America, the majority of influenza-related deaths in 1968/1969 and 1969/1970 occurred during the first pandemic season (United States, 70%; Canada, 54%). Conversely, in Europe and Asia, the pattern was reversed: 70% of deaths occurred during the second pandemic season. The second pandemic season coincided with a drift in the neuraminidase antigen. Conclusion. We found a consistent pattern of mortality being delayed until the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 circulation in Europe and Asia. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be explained by higher pre-existing neuraminidase immunity (from the A/H2N2 era) in Europe and Asia than in North America, combined with a subsequent drift in the neuraminidase antigen during 1969/1970. KW - virus antigen KW - virus hemagglutinin KW - virus sialidase KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - Australia KW - Canada KW - child KW - controlled study KW - epidemic KW - follow up KW - France KW - genetic drift KW - geographic distribution KW - Hong Kong KW - human KW - infant KW - influenza KW - Influenza virus A KW - Japan KW - major clinical study KW - mortality KW - pandemic KW - phylogeny KW - priority journal KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - vital statistics KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Geography KW - Hong Kong KW - Humans KW - Influenza A virus KW - Influenza, Human KW - North America KW - Phylogeny KW - Seasons KW - United States N1 - Cited By :112 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JIDIA C2 - 15962218 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viboud, C.; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, 16 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; email: viboudc@mail.nih.gov N1 - References: Smith, D.J., Lapedes, A.S., De Jong, J.C., Mapping the antigenic and genetic evolution of influenza virus (2004) Science, 305, pp. 371-376; Nicholson, K., Hay, A., (1998) Textbook of Influenza, , Oxford: Blackwell; Kilbourne, E.D., Perspectives on pandemics: A research agenda (1997) J Infect Dis, 176 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S29-S31; Nguyen-Van-Tam, J.S., Hampson, A.W., The epidemiology and clinical impact of pandemic influenza (2003) Vaccine, 21, pp. 1762-1768; Noble, G., Epidemiological and clinical aspects of influenza (1982) Basic and Applied Influenza Research, , Bear A, ed. 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(1971) Med J Aust, 2, pp. 53-54; Simonsen, L., Reichert, T.A., Viboud, C., Blackwelder, W.C., Miller, M.A., Impact of influenza vaccination on seasonal mortality in the US elderly (2005) Arch Intern Med, 165, pp. 265-272; Foy, H.M., Cooney, M.K., Allan, I., Kenny, G.E., Rates of pneumonia during influenza epidemics in Seattle, 1964 to 1975 (1979) JAMA, 241, pp. 253-258 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22244452609&doi=10.1086%2f431150&partnerID=40&md5=05400a74294cb7b6730124b93b095622 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of the childhood family structure measures from the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society J2 - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc. VL - 168 IS - 3 SP - 539 EP - 566 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2005.00362.x SN - 09641998 (ISSN) AU - Francesconi, M. AD - University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom AD - Department of Economics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AB - The paper performs an evaluation of the data that were collected in the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) on childhood family structure. After comparing such data with a large number of studies by using external sources, we find that the BHPS data over-estimate the proportion of people who report an experience of life in a non-intact family during childhood by about 10%. Although an explanation based on recall error that deteriorates with the age of the BHPS respondents is possible, the overestimation is likely to be accounted for by non-ignorable attrition that may affect most of the comparison studies based on longitudinal data. Conversely, comparisons with other independent measurements from the BHPS itself reveal that the wave 6 data underestimate the proportion of young people who have lived at least part of their childhood in a non-intact family by about 8%. The probability of disagreement between these two sets of measures is strongly associated with poor interview characteristics, which may affect the comparison measure more than the wave 6 measure. Despite such differences, there is therefore a substantial degree of similarity between the family structure information that was collected in the sixth wave of the BHPS and the host of highly diverse records against which it has been compared. © 2005 Royal Statistical Society. KW - Childhood family structure KW - Intergenerational links KW - Interviewer effects KW - Recall error KW - Retrospective data N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Francesconi, M.; Department of Economics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email: mfranc@essex.ac.uk N1 - References: Antecol, H., Bedard, K., Does single parenthood increase the probability of teenage promiscuity, substance use and crime? (2003) Mimeo, , Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara; Biemer, P.B., Groves, R.M., Lyberg, L.E., Mathiowetz, N.A., Sudman, S., (1991) Measurement Errors in Surveys, , New York: Wiley; Cannell, C.F., Henson, R., Incentives, motives, and response bias (1974) Ann. Econ. 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Commty Hlth, 37, pp. 100-104; Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B., Butler, N., The influence of family type on children's behaviour and development at five years (1985) J. Chid Psychol. Psychiatr., 26, pp. 245-254; Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain: Results from the 2000 General Household Survey, , London: Stationery Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21244505075&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-985X.2005.00362.x&partnerID=40&md5=accac66ad4078b223e93afad65cb39c0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent demographic developments in France T2 - Population J2 - Population VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 371 EP - 414 PY - 2005 DO - 10.2307/4148180 SN - 16342941 (ISSN) AU - Prioux, F. AD - Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France AB - In 2004, a year marked by a sharp drop in the number of deaths and a small increase in births, natural increase was relatively high. France is one of the few European countries whose population is rising primarily due to natural growth. Immigration increased again in 2003, t hough at a slightly slower pace than in 2002. The total fertility rate increased slightly to 1.9 children per women in 2004. Completed fertility drops sharply after the 1960 cohort however, and may fall below 2 children per women from the 1970 cohort. The number of induced abortions has remained relatively stable. Though the number of civil unions (PACS) is still increasing, the number of marriages has been falling since 2000. The proportion of ever-married men and women at age 50 decreases from one cohort to the next, while the mean age at first marriage is increasing. The frequency of union dissolution (divorces and separation of unmarried couples) has increased considerably. These changes in conjugal behaviour are raising the number of adult men and women who live alone. Life expectancy regis tered an exceptional increase in 2004 (+0.9 years for women and +0.8 years for men), and this cannot be explained solely by a "harvest effect" following the exceptional mortality in 2003 due to the August heatwave, or by the absence of an influenza epidemic in 2004. Mortality among the elderly is continuing to decline, and this decrease is largely responsible for the increase in mean length of life, for women in particular. KW - birth rate KW - cohort analysis KW - demographic survey KW - demographic trend KW - fertility KW - life expectancy KW - mortality KW - social change KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - France KW - Western Europe N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Prioux, F.; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; email: prioux@ined.fr N1 - References: Beaumel, C., Richet-Mastain, L., Vatan, M., (2005) La Situation Démographique En 2003. Mouvement De La Population, p. 45. , Insee résultats, Société no41, + CD-ROM; (2005) La Population De La France. Évolutions Démographiques Depuis 1946, 1-2, p. 884. , Bergouignan C., Blayo C., Parant A., Sardon J.-P., Tribalat M. (eds.), CUDEP; Borrel, C., Durr, J.-M., "Enquêtes annuelles de recensement: Premiers résultats de la collecte 2004. Principales caractéristiques de la population et des logements" (2005) Insee Première, (1001); (2005) Recent Demographic Developments in Europe, 2004, p. 128. , Council of Europe, Council of Europe Publishing, + CD-ROM; Delmeyre, Y., "Histoire des unions dans les cohortes" (2005) La Population De La France. Évolutions Démographiques Depuis 1946, 1, pp. 143-168. , in Bergouignan et al. (eds.), CUDEP; Desplanques, G., Royer, J.-F., "Enquêtes annuelles de recensement: Premiers résultats de la collecte 2004. 62 millions d'habitants en France an ler, janvier 2004" (2005) Insee Première, (1000); Duchêne-Lacroix, C., "Les Français établis hors de France: Une population méconnue et en transformation" (2005) La Population De La France. Évolutions Démographiques Depuis 1946, 2, pp. 847-858. , in Bergouignan et al. (eds.), CUDEP; Gentil, B., "La population française immatriculée à l'étranger est en forte hausse" (2003) Insee Première, (919); Héran, F., Toulemon, L., "What happens when the census population figure does not match the estimates?" (2005) Population and Societies, (411). , April 2005; (2005) Bulletin Mensuel De Statistique, (8). , INSEE; Meslé, F., "Espérance de vie et mortalité aux âges élevés" (2005) Retraite Et Société, (45), pp. 90-113; Prioux, F., "Recent demographic developments in France" (2003) Population-E, 58 (5), pp. 525-558; Prioux, F., "Recent demographic developments in France" (2004) Population-E, 59 (5), pp. 595-634; Prioux, F., "Mariage, vie en couple et rupture d'union sous l'angle de la démographie" (2005) Informations Sociales, (122), pp. 38-50; Richet-Mastain, L., "Bilan démographique 2004. Nette diminution des décès" (2005) Insee Première, (1004); Rossier, C., Pirus, C., "Combien, d'interruptions volontaires de grossesses en France? Une analyse de sources de données divergentes" (2005), Poster paper at the 25th International Population Conference, Tours, 18-23 July 2005; Sardon, J.-P., "Recent demographic trends in the developed countries" (2004) Population-E, 59 (2), pp. 263-314; Thierry, X., "Recent immigration trends in France and elements for a comparison with the United Kingdom" (2004) Population-E, 59 (5), pp. 635-672; Toulemon, L., "Cohabitation, is here to stay" (1997) Population: An English Selection, 9, pp. 11-46; Toulemon, L., "Fertility among immigrant women: New data, a new approach" (2004) Population and Societies, (400); Toulemon, L., Barbieri, M., "The mortality impact of the August 2003 heat wave in France" (2005), Paper at the 25th International Population Conference, Tours, 18-23 July 2005; Tribalat, M., "Fécondité des immigrées et apport démographique de l'immigration étrangère" (2005) La Population De La France. Évolutions Démographiques Depuis 1946, 2, pp. 727-768. , in Bergouignan et al. (eds.), CUDEP; Vilain, A., "Les interruptions volontaires de grossesse en 2002" (2004) Études Et Résultats, (348) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750603536&doi=10.2307%2f4148180&partnerID=40&md5=acf70129282d8ea00d0d7d2f184038d5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Has the reciprocal relationship between employment and marriage changed for men? An analysis of the life histories of men born in the Netherlands between 1930 and 1970 T2 - Population Studies J2 - Popul. Stud. VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 211 EP - 231 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/00324720500099587 SN - 00324728 (ISSN) AU - Kalmijn, M. AU - Luijkx, R. AD - Department of Social Cultural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands AB - The study presented here analyses the reciprocal relationship for men between employment career and union formation and examines whether this relationship changed across twentieth-century birth cohorts. Competing hypotheses about trends are described, using notions of role-specialization, spouse support, and uncertainty. The study is based on an investigation of the life histories of 2,795 men in the Netherlands who were born between the 1930s and the 1960s, and confirms earlier findings by showing that employment fosters marriage while marriage protects men from becoming unemployed. There is also a relationship between employment and cohabitation but it is weaker in both directions. However, the relationship between marriage or cohabitation and occupational mobility is less clear, suggesting that the economic benefits of marriage cannot be generalized to the occupational domain. Although it is commonly believed that the link for men between career and marriage has weakened over time, our comparison of birth cohorts shows that in fact this is not the case. © 2005 Population Investigation Committee. KW - Cohabitation KW - Employment KW - Marriage KW - Netherlands KW - Occupation KW - demographic trend KW - employment KW - life history KW - marriage KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - employment KW - epidemiology KW - family size KW - human KW - information processing KW - male KW - marriage KW - middle aged KW - Netherlands KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cohort Effect KW - Data Collection KW - Employment KW - Family Characteristics KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Marriage KW - Men KW - Middle Aged KW - Netherlands KW - Benelux KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Netherlands KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: POSTA C2 - 16096199 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kalmijn, M.; Department of Social Cultural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; email: m.kalmijn@uvt.nl N1 - References: Bernard, J., (1976) The Future of Marriage, , Toronto: Bantam Books; Bernasco, W., de Graaf, P.M., Ultee, W.C., Coupled careers: Effects of spouses' resources on occupational attainment in the Netherlands (1998) European Sociological Review, 14 (1), pp. 15-31; Blackburn, M., Korenman, S., The declining marital-status earning differential (1994) Journal of Population Economics, 7, pp. 247-270; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: John Wiley; Blossfeld, H.-P., Huinink, J., Human capital investments or norms of role transition? 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ICS/ISCORE, University of Utrecht [producer]; Amsterdam: Netherlands Institute for Scientific Information Services (NIWI) [distributor] (HIN95); Xie, Y., Raymo, J.M., Goyette, K., Thornton, A., Economic potential and entry into marriage and cohabitation (2003) Demography, 40 (2), pp. 351-367; Yamaguchi, K., (1991) Event History Analysis, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22144434700&doi=10.1080%2f00324720500099587&partnerID=40&md5=af82f8bdb57a1dac5134011397d9be04 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supplement use is associated with health status and health-related behaviors in the 1946 British Birth Cohort T2 - Journal of Nutrition J2 - J. Nutr. VL - 135 IS - 7 SP - 1782 EP - 1789 PY - 2005 SN - 00223166 (ISSN) AU - McNaughton, S.A. AU - Mishra, G.D. AU - Paul, A.A. AU - Prynne, C.J. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College and Royal Free Medical School, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Use of dietary supplements may be one of a number of health-related behaviors that cluster together. The current study investigated the underlying diet, health-related characteristics, and behaviors of users and nonusers of dietary supplements in a longitudinal study of health. Participants (n = 1776) completed a 5-d food diary including information on dietary supplement use (vitamins, minerals, and nutraceuticals) at age 53 y. Sociodemographic information and data on smoking, alcohol, and physical activity were obtained along with anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and a blood sample (nonfasting subjects). A significantly greater percentage of women reported supplement use compared with men (45.1 vs. 25.2%). Supplement use was associated with lower BMI, lower waist circumference, higher plasma folate and plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations, nonsmoking, participation in physical activity, and nonmanual social class in women and with plasma folate concentrations and participation in physical activity in men, Nonsupplement users tended to be nonconsumers of breakfast cereals, fruit, fruit juice, yogurt, oily fish, and olive oil and had lower dietary intakes of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamin C even after adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Overall, supplement users tended to differ from nonsupplement users on a range of health-related behaviors and health status indicators, although there were fewer significant associations in men. Similarly, dietary supplements users tended to have underlying diets that, were healthier and those taking supplements may be the least likely to need them. These results support the notion of a clustering of healthy behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly for women. © 2005 American Society for Nutritional Sciences. KW - Cardiovascular disease risk KW - Dietary intake KW - Dietary supplements KW - Health status KW - Life-style behaviors KW - ascorbic acid KW - cyanocobalamin KW - folic acid KW - iron KW - magnesium KW - olive oil KW - phosphorus KW - potassium KW - yoghurt KW - adult KW - blood pressure KW - body mass KW - cardiovascular disease KW - cardiovascular risk KW - cereal KW - conference paper KW - controlled study KW - diet supplementation KW - female KW - fish KW - food composition KW - fruit KW - fruit juice KW - health status KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - sex difference KW - United Kingdom KW - waist circumference KW - Cohort Studies KW - Demography KW - Diet Records KW - Dietary Supplements KW - England KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Random Allocation KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Trace Elements N1 - Cited By :50 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JONUA C2 - 15987865 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McNaughton, S.A.; MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom; email: sarah.mcnaughton@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: ascorbic acid, 134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7; cyanocobalamin, 53570-76-6, 68-19-9, 8064-09-3; folic acid, 59-30-3, 6484-89-5; iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6; magnesium, 7439-95-4; olive oil, 8001-25-0; phosphorus, 7723-14-0; potassium, 7440-09-7; Trace Elements N1 - References: Ford, E.S., Vitamin supplement use and diabetes mellitus incidence among adults in the United States (2001) Am. 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VL - 16 IS - 7 SP - 737 EP - 742 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s00198-004-1734-y SN - 0937941X (ISSN) AU - Kanis, J.A. AU - Johansson, H. AU - Johnell, O. AU - Oden, A. AU - De Laet, C. AU - Eisman, J.A. AU - Pols, H. AU - Tenenhouse, A. AD - WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom AD - Department of Orthopaedics, Malmo General Hospital, S-214 01 Malmo, Sweden AD - Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Division of Bone Metabolism, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada AB - High intakes of alcohol have adverse effects on skeletal health, but evidence for the effects of moderate consumption are less secure. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 5,939 men and 11,032 women from three prospectively studied cohorts comprising CaMos, DOES, and the Rotterdam Study. Cohorts were followed for a total of 75,433 person-years. The effect of reported alcohol intake on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson model for each sex from each cohort. Covariates examined included age and BMD. The results of the different studies were merged using weighted β-coefficients. Alcohol intake was associated with a significant increase in osteoporotic and hip fracture risk, but the effect was nonlinear. No significant increase in risk was observed at intakes of 2 units or less daily. Above this threshold, alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of any fracture (risk ratio [RR]=1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.43), any osteoporotic fracture (RR=1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.65), or hip fracture (RR=1.68; 95% CI, 1.19-2.36). There was no significant interaction with age, BMD, or time since baseline assessment. Risk ratios were moderately but not significantly higher in men than in women, and there was no evidence for a different threshold for effect by gender. We conclude that reported intake of alcohol confers a risk of some importance beyond that explained by BMD. The validation of this risk factor on an international basis permits its use in case-finding strategies. © International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2004. KW - Alcohol KW - Hip fracture KW - Meta-analysis KW - Osteoporotic fracture KW - Risk factors KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - aged KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - bone density KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - hip fracture KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - osteoporosis KW - Poisson distribution KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - quantitative analysis KW - risk factor KW - sex ratio KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Bone Density KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Fractures, Bone KW - Hip Fractures KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Osteoporosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :312 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: OSINE C2 - 15455194 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kanis, J.A.; WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom; email: w.j.pontefract@shef.ac.uk N1 - References: Seeman, E., Melton III, L.J., O'Fallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Risk factors for spinal osteoporosis in men (1983) Am J Med, 75, pp. 977-983; Holbrook, T.L., Barrett-Connor, E., A prospective study of alcohol consumption and bone mineral density (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 1506-1509; Johnell, O., Kristenson, H., Redlund-Johnell, I., Lower limb fractures and the registration for alcoholism (1985) Scand J Soc Med, 13, pp. 95-97; Felson, D.T., Zhang, Y., Hannan, M.T., Alcohol intake and bone mineral density in elderly men and women. 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RCP, London; Klotzbeucher, C.M., Ross, P.D., Landsman, P.B., Abbot, T.A., Berger, M., Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: A summary of the literature and statistical synthesis (2000) JBMR, 15, pp. 721-739; Van Staa, T.P., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 624-629 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21644466407&doi=10.1007%2fs00198-004-1734-y&partnerID=40&md5=8eb34aa1792558a7056a55394e10e3d8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigating the effects of pre-school provision: Using mixed methods in the EPPE research T2 - International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice J2 - Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol.: Theory Pract. VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 207 EP - 224 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/13645570500154840 SN - 13645579 (ISSN) AU - Sammons, P. AU - Siraj-Blatchford, I. AU - Sylva, K. AU - Melhuish, E. AU - Taggart, B. AU - Elliot, K. AD - Department of Education, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Department of Early Childhood Education, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Educational Psychology, University of Oxford, Department of Educational Studies, United Kingdom AD - Human Development at Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom AD - Effective Pre-school and Primary Education (EPPE), Institute of Education AD - Institute of Education AD - School of Education, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 6BB, United Kingdom AB - The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project is a longitudinal study of young children between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Research began in 1997 and both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to explore the effects of pre-school education on children's attainment and social/behavioural development at entry to school, and of any continuing effects on such outcomes at the end of Key Stage 1 (age 7). The sample included over 3,000 children and 141 pre-school centres drawn from six different types of providers. In addition, a home sample of children who had not attended a pre-school centre was included. In order to identify the processes that might influence centre effectiveness, observational data were collected and centre managers interviewed. In-depth case studies of 12 more effective centres were used to explore and illuminate the processes, particularly in relation to pedagogy, associated with better child outcomes. A mixed method approach was adopted to simultaneously answer both confirmatory and exploratory questions, to support user engagement and provide triangulation. 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London: DfES/Institute of Education; Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C., (2003) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioural Research, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Tymms, P., Merrell, C., Henderson, B., The first year at school: A quantitative investigation of the attainment and progress of pupils (1997) Educational Research and Evaluation, 3 (2), pp. 101-118; Wells, G., (1985) Language, Learning and Education, , Windsor, UK: NFER/Nelson UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22544434343&doi=10.1080%2f13645570500154840&partnerID=40&md5=3728b19b08dd0d5bae050a8de82770ef ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and neonatal limb length; does prenatal vitamin D influence neonatal size and shape? T2 - Early Human Development J2 - Early Hum. Dev. VL - 81 IS - 7 SP - 609 EP - 618 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.03.013 SN - 03783782 (ISSN) AU - McGrath, J.J. AU - Keeping, D. AU - Saha, S. AU - Chant, D.C. AU - Lieberman, D.E. AU - O'Callaghan, M.J. AD - Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4065, Australia AD - Queensland Fertility Group, 225 Wickham Terrace, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia AD - Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States AD - Child Development and Rehabilitation Services, University of Queensland, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia AB - Background: Birth weight is known to fluctuate with season of birth, however, there is little information about seasonal variation in neonatal anthropometric measures. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and selected anthropometric measures. Study design and subjects: The birth weight of singletons born after at least 37 weeks gestation was extracted from a perinatal register in south-east Queensland (n = 350,171). Mean monthly birth weights for this period were examined. Based on a separate birth cohort, principal component analysis was undertaken on neonatal anthropometric measures (n = 1233). Seasonality was assessed by (a) spectral analysis of time series data, (b) monthly and seasonal comparison of outcomes. Results: Based on register data, birth weight displayed clear annual periodicity. Birth weight differed significantly when compared by month and season. Infants born in October were the heaviest (3484 g), while May-born infants were the lightest (3459 g; P = 0.001). Based on the cohort anthropometric data, three components were identified related to (a) overall size, (b) limb length, and (c) head size and skin-fold thickness. Each of these components displayed significant seasonal variation. In particular, prominent seasonal fluctuations in limb length were identified, with peak limb length associated with winter/spring birth. Conclusion: Environmental factors that have regular seasonal fluctuation influence both the size and shape of neonates. Animal experiments suggest that prenatal hypovitaminosis D may underlie greater limb length. Because birth weight and limb length are associated with a broad range of important health outcomes, the seasonal exposures underlying these effects warrant further scrutiny from a public health perspective. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth weight KW - Limb length KW - Seasons KW - Vitamin D KW - vitamin D KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - Australia KW - birth KW - birth weight KW - cephalometry KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - environmental exposure KW - environmental factor KW - examination KW - gestational age KW - human KW - leg length KW - newborn KW - outcomes research KW - prenatal care KW - principal component analysis KW - register KW - seasonal variation KW - skinfold thickness KW - spectroscopy KW - spring KW - time series analysis KW - vitamin deficiency KW - winter KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Size KW - Body Weights and Measures KW - Extremities KW - Female KW - Fetal Development KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Periodicity KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Care KW - Seasons KW - Vitamin D N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EHDED C2 - 15972254 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McGrath, J.J.; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia; email: john_mcgrath@qcsr.uq.edu.au N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Vitamin D, 1406-16-2 N1 - References: Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull World Health Organ, 65 (5), pp. 663-737; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323 (7308), pp. 310-3114; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325 (7359), p. 305; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322 (7280), pp. 199-203; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85 (3), pp. 189-196; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315 (7105), pp. 401-403; Susser, E., Matte, T.D., Early antecedents of adult health (1998) J Urban Health, 75 (2), pp. 236-241; Barker, D.J., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh; Hindmarsh, P.C., Geary, M.P., Rodeck, C.H., Kingdom, J.C., Cole, T.J., Intrauterine growth and its relationship to size and shape at birth (2002) Pediatr Res, 52 (2), pp. 263-268; Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Wield, G.A., The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) BMJ, 306 (6875), pp. 422-426; Kramer, M.S., Olivier, M., McLean, F.H., Dougherty, G.E., Willis, D.M., Usher, R.H., Determinants of fetal growth and body proportionality (1990) Pediatrics, 86 (1), pp. 18-26; Kramer, M.S., McLean, F.H., Olivier, M., Willis, D.M., Usher, R.H., Body proportionality and head and length 'sparing' in growth-retarded neonates: A critical reappraisal (1989) Pediatrics, 84 (4), pp. 717-723; Sacks, D.A., Determinants of fetal growth (2004) Curr Diabetes Rep, 4 (4), pp. 281-287; Morley, R., Dwyer, T., Carlin, J.B., Studies of twins: Can they shed light on the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis? 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(2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31 (2), pp. 390-394; McGrath, J., Does 'imprinting' with low prenatal vitamin D contribute to the risk of various adult disorders? (2001) Med Hypotheses, 56 (3), pp. 367-371 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21844456905&doi=10.1016%2fj.earlhumdev.2005.03.013&partnerID=40&md5=fa7b59c4f7074f0048fdda730641321a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity: A national birth cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 330 IS - 7504 SP - 1354 EP - 1357 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/bmj.38453.422049.E0 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To assess adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity by using nationally representative data. Design: 1970 British birth cohort Participants: 16 567 babies born in Great Britain 5-11 April 1970 and followed up at 5, 10, and 29-30 years. Main outcome measures: Obesity at age 10 and 30 years. Self reported socioeconomic, educational, psychological, and social outcomes at 30 years. Odds ratios were calculated for die risk of each adult outcome associated with obesity in childhood only, obesity in adulthood only, and persistent child and adult obesity, compared with those obese at neither period. Results: Of the 8490 participants with data on body mass index at 10 and 30 years, 4.3% were obese at 10 years and 16.3% at 30 years. Obesity in childhood only was not associated with adult social class, income, years of schooling, educational attainment, relationships, or psychological morbidity in either sex after adjustment for confounding factors. Persistent obesity was not associated with any adverse adult outcomes in men, though it was associated among women with a higher risk of never having been gainfully employed (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.3) and not having a current partner (2.0, 1.3 to 3.3). Conclusions: Obesity limited to childhood has little impact on adult outcomes. Persistent obesity in women is associated with poorer employment and relationship outcomes. Efforts to reduce the socioeconomic and psychosocial burden of obesity in adult life should focus on prevention of the persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood. KW - academic achievement KW - article KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - employment KW - follow up KW - human KW - income KW - longitudinal study KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - self report KW - sex ratio KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - adult KW - child KW - educational status KW - female KW - male KW - prognosis KW - risk KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prognosis KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :126 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 15901644 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Reilly, J.J., Methven, E., McDowell, Z.C., Hacking, B., Alexander, D., Stewart, L., Health consequences of obesity (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 748-752; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood. Analysis of a British birth cohort (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 681-687; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2002) The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. UK Data Archive, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. (CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper I); Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; Crawley, H.F., Portides, G., Self-reported versus measured height, weight and body mass index amongst 16-17 year old British teenagers (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 579-584; Maxwell, S.E., Delaney, H.D., Bivariate median splits and spurious statistical significance (1993) Psychol Bull, 113, pp. 181-190; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Ek, E., Sovio, U., Jarvelin, M.R., Unemployment and obesity among young adults in a northern Finland 1966 birth cohort (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1329-1338; Mustillo, S., Worthman, G., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Obesity and psychiatric disorder: Developmental trajectories (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 851-859; Goodman, E., Whitaker, R.C., A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 497-504; Onyike, C.U., Crum, R.M., Lee, H.B., Lyketsos, C.G., Eaton, W.W., Is obesity associated with major depression? Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey (2003) Am J Epidemiol, 158, pp. 1139-1147; Ferraro, K.F., Thorpe Jr., R.J., Wilkinson, J.A., The life course of severe obesity: Does childhood overweight matter? (2003) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 58, pp. S110-S119; Wright, C.M., Parker, L., Lamont, D., Craft, A.W., Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: Findings from thousand families cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1280-1284 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20544471338&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38453.422049.E0&partnerID=40&md5=1468e4b8b0c21cfb5d26de5e6d0ecc4c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth in early life and childhood IQ at age 11 years: The Newcastle Thousand Families study T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 673 EP - 677 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyi038 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Pearce, M.S. AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Young, A.H. AU - Parker, L. AD - Paediatric and Lifecourse Epidemiology Research Group, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LPP, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom AB - Background: It has been suggested that in addition to genetic factors, fetal and post-natal growth influence childhood cognition, although it is unclear whether such an effect continues throughout childhood. This study aimed at investigating the potential relationships between childhood IQ at age 11 years and birth weight and height at the ages of 9 and 13 years, after adjusting for the confounding factors available to this investigation. Methods: The Newcastle Thousand Families study, a prospectively followed cohort, originally consisted of all 1142 births in the city of Newcastle in May and June 1947. Using data on 733 members of this cohort, we investigated the associations between IQ at age 11, and birth weight and height at ages 9 and 13 years. Results: Birth weight showed no association with childhood IQ. However, height at age 9 years was a significant predictor of childhood IQ after adjusting for socioeconomic status (standardized regression coefficient b = 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-3.6, P < 0.0001). Height at age 13 was also a significant predictor of IQ after adjusting for socioeconomic status (b = 3.4, 95% CI 2.3-4.4, P = 0.001), and explained an additional 2.5% of the variation in IQ scores to that already explained by socioeconomic status and height at age nine. Conclusions: These results suggest a continuing effect of post-natal growth on childhood cognition beyond the age of 9 years. Post-natal growth, which may be influenced by genetic factors and nutrition and socioeconomic circumstances in childhood, may be more important than fetal growth in terms of childhood cognition. © The Author 2005; all rights reserved. KW - Birth weight KW - Child KW - Cognition KW - Fetal origins hypothesis KW - Growth KW - Height KW - cognition KW - adolescent KW - age KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - child development KW - child nutrition KW - childhood KW - cognition KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - family study KW - female KW - fetus growth KW - heredity KW - human KW - human experiment KW - intelligence quotient KW - male KW - postnatal development KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - regression analysis KW - school child KW - scoring system KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Parity KW - Prospective Studies KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15746206 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pearce, M.S.; Sir James Spence Institute, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; email: M.S.Pearce@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., The developmental origins of adult disease (2003) Eur. 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The Wessex growth study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 97-100; Berger, A., Insulin-like growth factor and cognitive function (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 203; Oddy, W.H., Kendall, G.E., Blair, E., Breast feeding and cognitive development in childhood: A prospective birth cohort study (2003) Paediatr. Perinatal Epidemiol., 17, pp. 81-90; Li, L., Power, C., Influences on childhood height: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Int. J. Epidemiol., 33, pp. 1320-1328 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20744455672&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyi038&partnerID=40&md5=27f72e2ce6096cbcb92ac181c9bc53fb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intellectual disabilities and socioeconomic inequalities in health: An overview of research T2 - Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities J2 - J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 101 EP - 111 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00239.x SN - 13602322 (ISSN) AU - Graham, H. AD - Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy, Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YT, United Kingdom AB - Background There is an enduring association between socioeconomic position and health, both over time and across major causes of death. Children and adults with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately represented among the poorer and less healthy sections of the population. But research on health inequalities, and on the broader societal influences on health, has yet to be integrated into perspectives and policy for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods The paper reviews evidence on the patterns and causes of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Results It points to evidence that socioeconomic position is the fundamental determinant of health, drawing on longitudinal studies to highlight how it exerts its influence on health from before birth and across the lifecourse. The factors shaping an individual's socioeconomic position are also discussed. Conclusions The paper concludes by identifying research and policy challenges. © 2005 BILD Publications. KW - Health inequalities KW - Social determinants KW - Socio-economic N1 - Cited By :43 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Graham, H.; Department of Social Policy, Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YT, United Kingdom; email: h.m.graham@lancaster.ac.uk N1 - References: Annandale, E., Hunt, K., Gender inequalities in health: Research at the crossroads (2000) Gender Inequalities in Health, pp. 1-35. , (eds E. Annandale & K. Hunt) . 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Fifty First World Health Assembly (Alma-Ata declaration), WHO, Geneva; (1948) Consitution of the World Health Organization, , WHO, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20444379319&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-3148.2005.00239.x&partnerID=40&md5=abfd55116a9f8fddbf2dc6328fe9bb2a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predictions of mortality from pleural mesothelioma in Italy: A model based on asbestos consumption figures supports results from age-period-cohort models T2 - International Journal of Cancer J2 - Int. J. Cancer VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 142 EP - 147 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1002/ijc.20820 SN - 00207136 (ISSN) AU - Marinaccio, A. AU - Montanaro, F. AU - Mastrantonio, M. AU - Uccelli, R. AU - Altavista, P. AU - Nesti, M. AU - Costantini, A.S. AU - Gorini, G. AD - Epidemiology Unit, Occupational Medicine Department, Natl. Inst. for Occup. Safety/Prev., Rome, Italy AD - Ticino Cancer Registry, Cantonal Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland AD - U. of Toxicol. and Biomed. Sciences, Natl. Agy. New Technol., Ener./E., Rome, Italy AD - U. of Occup. and Environ. Epidemiol., Ctr. for Stud. and Prev. of Cancer, Florence, Italy AD - Epidemiology Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, Natl. Inst. for Occup. Safety/Prev., Via Alessandria 220/E, 00198 Rome, Italy AB - Italy was the second main asbestos producer in Europe, after the Soviet Union, until the end of the 1980s, and raw asbestos was imported on a large scale until 1992. The Italian pattern of asbestos consumption lags on average about 10 years behind the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom and the Nordic countries. Measures to reduce exposure were introduced in the mid-1970s in some workplaces. In 1986, limitations were imposed on the use of crocidolite and in 1992 asbestos was definitively banned. We have used primary pleural cancer mortality figures (1970-1999) to predict mortality from mesothelioma among Italian men in the next 30 years by age-cohort-period models and by a model based on asbestos consumption figures. The pleural cancer/mesothelioma ratio and mesothelioma misdiagnosis in the past were taken into account in the analysis. Estimated risks of birth cohorts born after 1945 decrease less quickly in Italy than in other Western countries. The findings predict a peak with about 800 mesothelioma annual deaths in the period 2012-2024. Results estimated using age-period-cohort models were similar to those obtained from the asbestos consumption model. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. KW - Asbestos consumption KW - Mesothelioma KW - National data KW - Pleural cancer KW - asbestos KW - crocidolite KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer mortality KW - cohort analysis KW - diagnostic error KW - environmental exposure KW - Europe KW - human KW - Italy KW - major clinical study KW - pleura cancer KW - pleura mesothelioma KW - priority journal KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Asbestos KW - Cohort Studies KW - Humans KW - Italy KW - Male KW - Mesothelioma KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Statistical KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Pleural Neoplasms KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :81 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJCNA C2 - 15645436 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Marinaccio, A.; Epidemiology Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, Natl. Inst. for Occup. Safety/Prev., Via Alessandria 220/E, 00198 Rome, Italy; email: a.marinaccio@mdl.ale.ispesl.it N1 - Chemicals/CAS: asbestos, 1332-21-4; crocidolite, 12001-28-4, 53799-46-5, 61105-31-5; Asbestos, 1332-21-4 N1 - References: McDonald, J.C., McDonald, A.D., The epidemiology of mesothelioma in historical context (1996) Eur Resp J, 9, pp. 1932-1942; Boffetta, P., Burdorf, A., Goldberg, M., Merler, E., Siemiatycki, J., Towards the coordination of European research on the carcinogenic effects of asbestos (1998) Scand J Work Environ Health, 24, pp. 312-317; Spirtas, R., Connelly, R.R., Tucker, M.A., Survival patterns for malignant mesothelioma: The SEER experience (1988) Int J Cancer, 41, pp. 525-530; Magnani, C., Viscomi, S., Dalmasso, P., Ivaldi, C., Mirabelli, D., Terracini, B., Survival after pleural malignant mesothelioma: A population-based study in Italy (2002) Tumori, 88, pp. 266-269; Marinaccio, A., Nesti, M., Analysis of survival of mesothelioma cases in Italian register (ReNaM) (2003) Eur J Cancer, 39, pp. 1290-1295; Peto, J., Decarli, A., La Vecchia, C., Levi, F., Negri, E., The European mesothelioma epidemic (1999) Br J Cancer, 79, pp. 666-672; Gorini, G., Merler, E., Chellini, E., Crocetti, E., Costantini, A.S., Is the ratio of pleural mesothelioma mortality to pleural cancer mortality approximately unity for Italy? considerations from the oldest regional mesothelioma register in Italy (2002) Br J Cancer, 86, pp. 1970-1971; Montanaro, F., Bray, F., Gennaro, V., Merler, E., Tyczynski, J.E., Parkin, D.M., Pleural mesothelioma incidence in Europe: Evidence of some deceleration in the increasing trends (2003) Cancer Causes Control, 14, pp. 791-803; McDonald, J.C., Health implications of environmental exposure to asbestos (1985) Environ Health Perspect, 62, pp. 319-328; Selikoff, I.J., Hammond, E.C., Seidmann, H., Latency of asbestos disease among insulation workers in the United States and Canada (1980) Cancer, 46, pp. 2736-2740; Segura, O., Burdorf, A., Looman, C., Update of predictions of mortality from pleural mesothelioma in the Netherlands (2003) Occup Environ Med, 60, pp. 50-55; Hemminki, K., Li, X., Mesothelioma incidence seems to have leveled off in Sweden (2003) Int J Cancer, 103, pp. 145-146; (2003) Mesothelioma Mortality in Great Britain: Estimating the Future Burden, , Health and Safety Executive; Kjaergaard, J., Anderson, M., Incidence rates of malignant mesothelioma in Denmark and predicted future number of cases among men (2000) Scand J Work Environ Health, 26, pp. 112-117; Ulvestad, B., Kjaerheim, K., Moller, B., Andersen, A., Incidence trends of mesothelioma in Norway, 1965-1999 (2003) Int J Cancer, 107, pp. 94-98; Järvholm, B., Englund, A., Albin, M., Pleural mesothelioma in Sweden: An analysis of the incidence according to the use of asbestos (1999) Occup Environ Med, 56, pp. 110-113; Karjalainen, A., Pukkala, E., Mattson, K., Tammilehto, L., Vainio, H., Trends in mesothelioma incidence and occupational mesotheliomas in Finland in 1960-1995 (1997) Scand J Work Environ Health, 23, pp. 266-270; Gilg Soint Ilg, A., Bignon, J., Valleron, A.J., Estimation of the past and future burden of mortality from mesothelioma in France (1998) Occup Environ Med, 55, pp. 760-765; Price, B., Ware, A., Mesothelioma trends in the United States: An update based on surveillance, epidemiology and end results program data for 1973 through 2003 (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 159, pp. 107-112; Leigh, J., Davidson, P., Leigh, H., Berry, D., Malignant mesothelioma in Australia, 1945-2000 (2002) Am J Ind Med, 41, pp. 188-201; Zanetti, R., Crosignani, P., Rosso, S., (1997) Il Canero in Italia: I Dati di Incidenza dei Registri Tumori, , Rome: Pensiero Scientifico Editore; Parkin, D.M., Whelan, S.L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., (1997) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 7. , Lyon: IARC; (1991) Previsioni della Popolazione: Anni 2001-2051, , Italian Institute of Statistics. 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Rome, Italy; Banaei, A., Auvert, B., Goldberg, M., Gueguen, A., Luce, D., Goldberg, S., Future trends in mortality of French men from mesothelioma (2000) Occup Environ Med, 57, pp. 488-494; Iwatsubo, Y., Matrat, M., Michel, E., Boutin, C., Galateau-Salle, F., Jougla, E., Bignon, J., Brochard, P., Estimation of the incidence of pleural mesothelioma according to death certificates in France (2002) Am J Ind Med, 42, pp. 188-199; Bruno, C., Comba, P., Maiozzi, P., Vetrugno, T., Accuracy of death certification of pleural mesothelioma in Italy (1996) Eur J Epidemiol, 12, pp. 421-423; Nesti, M., Marinaccio, A., Chellim, E., Malignant mesothelioma in Italy, 1997 (2004) Am J Ind Med, 45, pp. 55-62. , Regional Operational Centers; Neumann, V., Gunther, S., Muller, K.M., Fischer, M., Malignant mesothelioma: German mesothelioma register 1987-1999 (2001) Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 74, pp. 383-395; Desoubeaux, N., Bouvier, V., Gervais, R., Galateau-Salle, F., Thibon, P., Leplumey, T., Herbert, C., Letourneux, M., Mésothéliomes malins en Basse-Normandie: Analyse descriptive, facteurs pronostiques et survie-une étude de population (2001) Rev Epidemiol Sante Publ, 49, pp. 523-529; Yeung, P., Rogers, A., Johnson, A., Distribution of mesothelioma cases in different occupational groups and industries in Australia, 1979-1995 (1999) Appl Occup Environ Hyg, 14, pp. 759-767; Bianchi, C., Giarelli, L., Grandi, G., Brollo, A., Ramani, L., Zuch, C., Latency periods in asbestos-related mesothelioma of the pleura (1997) Eur J Cancer Prev, 6, pp. 162-166; Lanphear, B., Buncher, C., Latent period for malignant mesothelioma of occupational origin (1992) Occup Med, 34, pp. 718-721; Takahashi, K., Huuskonen, M.S., Tossavainen, A., Higashi, T., Okubo, T., Rantanen, J., Ecological relationship between mesothelioma incidence/mortality and asbestos consumption in ten western countries and Japan (1999) J Occup Health, 41, pp. 8-11; Tossavainen, A., National mesothelioma incidence and past use of asbestos (2003) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 59, pp. 146-149 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644387735&doi=10.1002%2fijc.20820&partnerID=40&md5=69c367d2ae731e10ff7ac08d360ac1a1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teenage smoking and lung cancer incidence in early adult age, 1954-1998 ST - Tenåringsrøyking og lungekreft i tidlig voksen alder, 1954-98 T2 - Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening J2 - Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. VL - 125 IS - 9 SP - 1174 EP - 1176 PY - 2005 SN - 00292001 (ISSN) AU - Strand, T.-E. AU - Malayeri, C. AU - Eskonsipo, P.K.J. AU - Grimsrud, T.K. AU - Norstein, J. AU - Grotmol, T. AD - Det Medisinske Fakultet, Universitetet i Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway AB - Objective. To describe national trends in Norway in lung cancer incidence among young adults and its relationship to adolescent smoking. Material and methods. Between 1954 and 1998, a total of 1108 non-carcinoid lung cancers in individuals aged 20-44 were reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Temporal variations were studied in age and sex-specific rates, in age-adjusted rates, and in cohort specific rates. The association between cancer incidence and smoking prevalence was evaluated. Results. The incidence among women aged 40-44 in Norway continued to increase into the most recent time interval (1994-1998) whereas the rate among men aged 40-44 was essentially constant after 1970. Consequently, the incidence rates converged among male and female young adults. The incidence at age 40-44 was highly correlated with smoking prevalence at age 15-19 in males (r = 0.88) and females (r = 0.82) within the same birth cohort. Interpretation. The lung cancer incidence in young Norwegian women now equals that of men. The risk at age 40-44 was closely associated with teenage smoking, indicating that duration and age of onset are important. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - article KW - birth KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer registry KW - cohort analysis KW - correlation analysis KW - female KW - human KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - Norway KW - onset age KW - prevalence KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - age KW - incidence KW - lung tumor KW - Norway KW - register KW - smoking KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Norway KW - Prevalence KW - Registries KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: TNLAA C2 - 15880154 LA - Norwegian N1 - Correspondence Address: Strand, T.-E.; Det Medisinske Fakultet, Universitetet i Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway N1 - References: Hansen, S., Norstein, J., Næss, Å., (2004) Kreft i Norge 2001, , Oslo: Kreftregisteret, Institutt for populasjonsbasert kreftforskning; (2004) Stadig Færre Røykere i Norge, , http://www.ssb.no/emner/03/01/royk/, 2.8; Rønneberg, A., Hafstad, A., Lund, K.E., Røykevaner siden 1910 blant norske menn og kvinner født etter 1890 (1994) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 114, pp. 1623-1626; (2004) Survey of Nordic Cancer Registries, , http://ncu.cancer.dk/ancr/survey.shtml, 2.8; Haenszel, W., Loveland, D., Sirken, M.G., Lung-cancer mortality as related to residence and smoking histories. I. White males (1962) J Natl Cancer Inst, 28, pp. 947-1001; Dos Santos Silva, I., (1999) Cancer Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. 2. Utg., , Lyon: International Agency for Reserarch on Cancer; (1999) S-Plus 2000 Professional Release 2, , Seattle, WA: Insightful Corporation; Lubin, J.H., Richter, B.S., Blot, W.J., Lung cancer risk with cigar and pipe use (1984) J Natl Cancer Inst, 73, pp. 377-381; Engeland, A., Haldorsen, T., Andersen, A., The impact of smoking habits on lung cancer risk: 28 years' observation of 26,000 Norwegian men and women (1996) Cancer Causes Control, 7, pp. 366-376; Boffetta, P., Pershagen, G., Jockel, K.H., Cigar and pipe smoking and lung cancer risk: A multicenter study from Europe (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 697-701; Engeland, A., Trends in the incidence of smoking-associated cancers in Norway, 1954-93 (1996) Int J Cancer, 68, pp. 39-46; Day, N.E., Charnay, B., Time trends, cohort effects, and aging as influence on cancer incidence (1982) Trends in Cancer Incidence, pp. 51-65. , Magnus K, red. London: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation; Knorr-Held, L., Rainer, E., Projections of lung cancer mortality in West Germany: A case study in Bayesian prediction (2001) Biostatistics, 2, pp. 109-129; Kreuzer, M., Kreienbrock, L., Gerken, M., Risk factors for lung cancer in young adults (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 1028-1037; Boffetta, P., Kreuzer, M., Benhamou, S., Risk of lung cancer from tobacco smoking among young women from Europe (2001) Int J Cancer, 91, pp. 745-746; Jemal, A., Chu, K.C., Tarone, R.E., Recent trends in lung cancer mortality in the United States (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst, 93, pp. 277-283; Doll, R., Peto, R., Cigarette smoking and bronchial carcinoma: Dose and time relationships among regular smokers and lifelong non-smokers (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 303-313; Haldorsen, T., Grimsrud, T.K., Cohort analysis of cigarette smoking and lung cancer incidence among Norwegian women (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, pp. 1032-1036; Rønneberg, A., Lund, K.E., Hafstad, A., Lifetime smoking habits among Norwegian men and women born between 1890 and 1974 (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 267-276; Hegmann, K.T., Fraser, A.M., Keaney, R.P., The effect of age at smoking initiation on lung cancer risk (1993) Epidemiology, 4, pp. 444-448; Benhamou, S., Benhamou, E., The effect of age at smoking initiation on lung cancer risk (1994) Epidemiology, 5, p. 560; Wiencke, J.K., Thurston, S.W., Kelsey, K.T., Early age at smoking initiation and tobacco carcinogen DNA damage in the lung (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 614-619; Kreuzer, M., Pohlabeln, H., Ahrens, W., Occupational risk factors for lung cancer among young men (1999) Scand J Work Environ Health, 25, pp. 422-429; Dreyer, L., Andersen, A., Pukkala, E., Avoidable cancers in the Nordic countries. Occupation (1997) APMIS Suppl, 76, pp. 68-79; Levi, F., La Vecchia, C., Lucchini, F., Trends in cancer mortality sex ratios in Europe, 1950-1989 (1992) World Health Stat Q, 45, pp. 117-164; Wramner, B., Zatonski, W., Pellmer, K., Premature mortality in lung cancer as an indicator of effectiveness of tobacco use prevention in a gender perspective - A comparison between Poland and Sweden (2001) Cent Eur J Public Health, 9, pp. 69-73; Tverdal, A., Dødelighet av lungekreft- nå høyere hos kvinner enn hos menn under 50 år (2001) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 121, pp. 2487-2488; Strand, T.E., Malayeri, C., Eskonsipo, P.K.J., Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954-1998 (2004) Cancer Causes Control, 15, pp. 27-33 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18744415723&partnerID=40&md5=9244be2b68bfad944920e2976978509b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth dimensions and risk of depression in adulthood: Cohort study of Danish men born in 1953 T2 - British Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Br. J. Psychiatry VL - 186 IS - MAY SP - 400 EP - 403 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1192/bjp.186.5.400 SN - 00071250 (ISSN) AU - Osler, M. AU - Nordentoft, M. AU - Andersen, A.-M.N. AD - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Psychiatry, HS Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark AB - Background: Two British cohort studies have reported birth weight to be associated with self-reported depression in adulthood, even after adjustment for socio-economic factors. Aims: To examine the relationship between birth dimensions and discharge from a psychiatric ward with a depression diagnosis in adulthood. Method: A cohort of 10 753 male singletons born in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1953 and for whom birth certificates had been traced in 1965 were followed from 1969 until 2002, with record linkage for date of first admission to a psychiatric ward that led to a discharge diagnosis of depression. Results: A total of 190 men, corresponding to 1.8% of the cohort, had a discharge diagnosis of depression. The Cox's regression analyses failed to show any association between birth dimensions (birth weight and ponderal index) and risk of psychiatric ward diagnosis of depression in adult life, before or after adjustment for social indicators at birth. Conclusions: This study does not support the existence of a relation between birth dimensions and psychiatric ward admission for depression in adult men. KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - article KW - birth KW - birth weight KW - cohort analysis KW - Denmark KW - depression KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - psychiatric department KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Denmark KW - Depressive Disorder KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJPYA C2 - 15863744 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Osler, M.; Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: m.osler@pubhealth.ku.dk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life (2nd Edn.), , London: Churchill Livingstone; Brown, A.S., Van Os, J., Driessens, C., Further evidence of relation between prenatal famine and major affective disorders (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 190-195; Gale, C.R., Martyn, C.N., Birth weight and later risk of depression in a national birth cohort (2004) British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, pp. 28-33; Grambsch, P.M., Therneau, T.M., Proportional hazard tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals (1994) Biometrika, 81, pp. 515-526; Harding, J.E., The nutritional basis of the fetal origins of adult disease (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 15-23; Høgh, E., Wolf, P., Project Metropolitan: A longitudinal study of 12,270 boys from the Metropolitan area of Copenhagen, Denmark, 1953-1977 (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research, pp. 99-103. , (eds S. A. Mednick & A. E. Baert). London: Oxford University Press; Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiological Review, 18, pp. 158-174; Law, C.M., Shiell, A.W., Is blood pressure inversely related to birth weight? The strength of evidence from systematic review of the literature (1996) Journal of Hypertension, 14, pp. 935-941; Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Bruckdorfer, R., Those confounded vitamins: What can we learn from the difference between observational versus randomised trial evidence? (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 1724-1727; Munk-Jørgensen, P., Mortensen, P.B., The Danish Psychiatric Central Register (1997) Danish Medical Bulletin, 44, pp. 82-84; Osler, M., Andersen, A.M.N., Lund, R., Revitalising the Metropolit 1953 Danish Male Birth cohort: Background, aims and design (2004) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 18, pp. 385-394; Preti, A., Cardascia, L., Zen, T., Obstetric complications in patients with depression - A population-based case-control study (2000) Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, pp. 101-106; (2001) Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0, , College Station, TX: Stata Corp; Thompson, C., Syddall, H., Rodin, I., Birth weight and the risk of depressive disorder in late life (2001) British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, pp. 450-455; Weiss, N.S., Can the 'specificity' of an association be rehabilitated as a basis for supporting a causal hypothesis? (2001) Epidemiology, 13, pp. 6-9; Wilcox, A.J., On the importance - And the unimportance - Of birthweight (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 1233-1241; (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD-8), , Geneva: WHO; (1992) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), , Geneva: WHO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18644377265&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.186.5.400&partnerID=40&md5=cb6c6283d9529471062bf324f39c1877 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Management of hearing loss in Apert syndrome T2 - Journal of Laryngology and Otology J2 - J. Laryngol. Otol. VL - 119 IS - 5 SP - 385 EP - 390 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1258/0022215053945714 SN - 00222151 (ISSN) AU - Rajenderkumar, D. AU - Bamiou, D. AU - Sirimanna, T. AD - Department of Audiological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Audiological Medicine, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8DA, United Kingdom AB - Background: Apert syndrome is one of the craniosynostosis syndromes, with a birth prevalence estimated to be between 9.9 and 15.5/million, and accounts for 4.5 per cent of craniosynostoses. Although conductive hearing loss is common in Apert syndrome there are contradicting reports regarding the cause of this hearing loss. There is also no detailed information available on the management of hearing loss in Apert syndrome. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of case notes of Apert syndrome patients seen between 1970 and 2003 at Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, was undertaken. Results: Seventy case notes were obtained. The incidence of congenital hearing impairment was between 3 and 6 per cent. Almost all patients had otitis media with effusion (glue ear), which tended to persist into adult life. More than 56 per cent of cases developed permanent conductive hearing loss by 10-20 years. Repeated grommet insertion was common; even though 35 per cent had trouble with ear discharge and persistent conductive hearing loss. Statistically, grommets made no difference to the risk of developing permanent hearing loss. Conclusion: This study, of the largest number of Apert syndrome cases assembled to date, showed that early optimization of hearing with possible hearing aids needs to be considered. Repeated grommet insertion does not help in optimizing hearing, especially if ear discharge complicates the picture. KW - Apert Syndrome KW - Hearing Aids KW - Hearing Loss KW - Otitis Media with Effusion KW - acrocephalosyndactyly KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - clinical feature KW - clinical protocol KW - computer assisted tomography KW - conduction deafness KW - congenital deafness KW - female KW - follow up KW - hearing aid KW - hearing loss KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - nuclear magnetic resonance imaging KW - outcomes research KW - pathophysiology KW - patient care KW - prevalence KW - retrospective study KW - school child KW - secretory otitis media KW - tympanostomy tube KW - United Kingdom KW - Acrocephalosyndactylia KW - Adolescent KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Child KW - Female KW - Hearing Aids KW - Hearing Loss, Conductive KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Ear Ventilation KW - Otitis Media with Effusion KW - Reoperation KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Treatment Outcome N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JLOTA C2 - 15949104 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rajenderkumar, D.; Department of Audiological Medicine, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8DA, United Kingdom; email: deepakrkumar@hotmail.com N1 - References: Czeizel, A.E., Elek, C., Susanszky, E., Birth prevalence study of Apert syndrome (1993) Am J Med Genet, 45, pp. 392-393; Cohen Jr., M.M., Kreiborg, S., Lammer, E.J., Cordero, J.F., Mastroiacovo, P., Erickson, J.D., Birth prevalence study of the Apert syndrome (1992) Am J Med Genet, 42, pp. 655-659; Blank, C.E., Apert syndrome (a type of acrocephalosyndactyly): Observations on a British series of thirty-nine cases (1960) Ann Hum Genet, 24, pp. 151-164; Apert, E., Type I acrocephalosyndactyly (1906) Bull Soc Med Paris, 23, pp. 1310-1330; Peterson-Falzone, S.J., Pruzansky, S., Parris, P.J., Laffer, J.L., Nasopharyngeal dysmorphology in the syndromes of Apert and Crouzon (1981) Cleft Palate, 4, pp. 237-250; Peterson, S.J., Pruzansky, S., Palatal anomalies in the syndromes of Apert and Crouzon (1974) Cleft Palate, 11, pp. 394-403; Phillips, S.G., Miyamoto, R.T., Congenital conductive hearing loss in Apert syndrome (1986) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 95, pp. 429-433; Bergstrom, L., Neblett, L.M., Hemenway, W.G., Otologic manifestations of acrocephalosyndactyly (1972) Arch Otolaryngol, 96, pp. 117-123; McGill, T., Otolaryngologic aspects of Apert syndrome (1991) Clin Plast Surg, 18, pp. 309-313; Gould, H.J., Caldarelli, D.D., Hearing and otopathology in Apert syndrome (1982) Arch Otolaryngol, 108, pp. 347-349; (2004) Recommended Procedure: Pure Tone Air and Bone Conduction Threshold Audiometry with and without Masking and Determination of Uncomfortable Loudness Levels, , http://www.thebsa.org.uk/docs/bsapta.doc, 15 June; Huang, F., Sweet, R., Tewfik, T.L., Apert syndrome and hearing loss with ear anomalies: A case report and literature review (2004) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 68, pp. 495-501; Shipster, C., Hearst, D., Dockrell, J.E., Kilby, E., Hayward, R., Speech and language skills and cognitive functioning in children with Apert syndrome: A pilot study (2002) Int J Lang Comm Dis, 37, pp. 325-343 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20044392182&doi=10.1258%2f0022215053945714&partnerID=40&md5=7133d5999bae319c6683a3d05e8c0d41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of cognitive ability (intelligence) in explaining the association between socioeconomic position and health: Evidence from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. VL - 161 IS - 9 SP - 831 EP - 839 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/aje/kwi109 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - Singh-Manoux, A. AU - Ferrie, J.E. AU - Lynch, J.W. AU - Marmot, M. AD - INSERM U687, Natl. Hosp. of Saint-Maurice (HNSM), Saint-Maurice, France AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. Social Epidemiol./Pop. Hlth., School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States AD - INSERM U687, HNSM, 14 Rue de Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice Cédex, France AB - Associations among cognitive ability, socioeconomic position, and health have been interpreted to imply that cognitive ability could explain social inequalities in health. The authors test this hypothesis by examining three questions: Is cognitive ability related to health? To what extent does it explain social inequalities in health? Do measures of socioeconomic position and cognitive ability have independent associations with health? Relative indices of inequality were used to estimate associations, using data from the Whitehall II study (baseline, 1985-1988), a British prospective cohort study (4,158 men and 1,680 women). Cognitive ability was significantly related to coronary heart disease, physical functioning, and self-rated health in both sexes and additionally to mental functioning in men. It explained some of the relation between socioeconomic position and health: 17% for coronary heart disease, 33% for physical functioning, 12% for mental functioning, and 39% for self-rated health. In analysis simultaneously adjusted for all measures of socioeconomic position, cognitive ability retained an independent association only with physical functioning in women. These results suggest that, although cognitive ability is related to health, it does not explain social inequalities in health. Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. KW - Cognition KW - Cohort studies KW - Intelligence KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - cognition KW - health status KW - socioeconomic status KW - adult KW - article KW - cognition KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - fitness KW - health status KW - human KW - intelligence KW - ischemic heart disease KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental performance KW - physical activity KW - prospective study KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - Adult KW - Coronary Disease KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Intelligence KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prospective Studies KW - Questionnaires KW - Social Class KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :75 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 15840615 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Singh-Manoux, A.; INSERM U687, HNSM, 14 Rue de Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice Cédex, France; email: Archana.Singh-Manoux@st-maurice.inserm.fr N1 - References: (1980) Inequalities in Health: Report of a Working Group, , London, United Kingdom: Department of Health and Social Security; Kitagawa, E.M., Hauser, P.M.S., (1973) Differential Mortality in the Unites States: A Study of Socioeconomic Inequality, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Lahelma, E., Lundberg, O., Manderbacka, K., Changing health inequalities in the Nordic countries? 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Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 809-819 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17744388561&doi=10.1093%2faje%2fkwi109&partnerID=40&md5=2f19dbf4eb52dd6df178437fa51a71fb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Origins of the "black/white" difference in blood pressure: Roles of birth weight, postnatal growth, early blood pressure, and adolescent body size - The Bogalusa heart study T2 - Circulation J2 - Circulation VL - 111 IS - 15 SP - 1932 EP - 1937 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1161/01.CIR.0000161960.78745.33 SN - 00097322 (ISSN) AU - Cruickshank, J.K. AU - Mzayek, F. AU - Liu, L. AU - Kieltyka, L. AU - Sherwin, R. AU - Webber, L.S. AU - Srinavasan, S.R. AU - Berenson, G.S. AD - Tulane Ctr. for Cardiovasc. Health, Tulane Univ. Med. Ctr. Sch. Pub. H., New Orleans, LA, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology, Tulane Univ. Med. Ctr. Sch. Pub. H., New Orleans, LA, United States AD - Department of Biostatistics, Tulane Univ. Med. Ctr. Sch. Pub. H., New Orleans, LA, United States AD - Clinical Epidemiology Group, Univ. of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, United Kingdom AD - Clinical Epidemiology Group, University Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom AB - Background - The determinants of differences in blood pressure that emerge in adolescence between black Americans of predominantly African descent and white Americans of predominantly European descent are unknown. One hypothesis is related to intrauterine and early childhood growth. The role of early blood pressure itself is also unclear. We tested whether differences in birth weight and in carefully standardized subsequent measures of weight, height, and blood pressure from 0 to 4 or 5 years were related to black/white differences in blood pressure in adolescence. Methods and Results - Two Bogalusa cohorts who had complete follow-up data on birth weights and early childhood and adolescent anthropometric and blood pressure measures were pooled. One hundred eighty-five children (48 black and 47 white boys and 41 black and 49 white girls) were followed up and studied after 15 to 17 years. Birth weights were a mean 443 and 282 g lower in black boys and girls, respectively, than in whites (P<0.001). Blood pressures in adolescence were 3.4/1.9 and 1.7/0.6 mm Hg higher, respectively, and tracked from early childhood. In regression analyses, birth weight accounted for the ethnic difference in adolescent blood pressure, which was also independently predicted, in decreasing impact order, by adolescent height, adolescent body mass index, and systolic blood pressure at 4 to 5 years and inversely by growth from 0 to 4 to 5 years. Conclusions - If these results can be replicated in larger and independent samples, they suggest that efforts to improve intrauterine growth in black infants as well as lessen weight gain in adolescence might substantially reduce excess high blood pressure/hypertension in this ethnic group. © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc. KW - Birth weight KW - Blood pressure KW - Ethnic groups KW - Pediatrics KW - adult KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - birth weight KW - blood pressure measurement KW - blood pressure monitoring KW - blood pressure regulation KW - body height KW - body size KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - ethnic difference KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - linear regression analysis KW - male KW - medical assessment KW - postnatal growth KW - prediction KW - prenatal growth KW - priority journal KW - race difference KW - sample size KW - systolic blood pressure KW - Adolescent KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Birth Weight KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Size KW - Child, Preschool KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Fetal Development KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Logistic Models N1 - Cited By :78 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CIRCA C2 - 15837946 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cruickshank, J.K.; Clinical Epidemiology Group, University Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; email: clinep@man.ac.uk N1 - References: Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Time course studies of blood pressure in children: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 320-334; Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Time course study of blood pressure in children over a 3-year period: Bogalusa Heart Study (1980) Hypertension, 2, pp. 102-108; Shear, C.L., Burke, G., Freedman, D.S., Berenson, G.S., Value of childhood blood pressure measurements and family history in predicting future blood pressure status: Results from 8 years of follow-up in the Bogalusa Heart Study (1986) Pediatrics, 77, pp. 862-869; Lauer, R.M., Clarke, W.R., A longitudinal view of blood pressure during childhood: The Muscatine Study (1988) Stat Med, 7, pp. 47-57; Gillman, M.W., Rosner, B., Evans, D.A., Keough, M.E., Smith, L.A., Taylor, J.O., Hennekens, C.H., Use of multiple visits to increase blood pressure tracking correlations in childhood (1991) Pediatrics, 87, pp. 708-711; Bao, W., Threefoot, S.A., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Essential hypertension predicted by tracking of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1995) Am J Hypertens, 8, pp. 657-1656; Voors, A., Foster, T., Frerichs, R., Webber, L., Berenson, G., Studies of blood pressures in children, ages 5-14 years, in a total biracial community: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1976) Circulation, 54, pp. 319-327; Voors, A., Webber, L., Frerichs, R., Berenson, G., Body height and body mass as determinants of basal blood pressure in children: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1977) Am J Epidemiol, 106, pp. 101-108; Voors, A., Harsha, D., Webber, L., Berenson, G., Relation of blood pressure to stature in healthy young adults (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 115, pp. 833-840; Lauer, R.M., Clarke, R., Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: The Muscatine study (1989) Pediatrics, 79, pp. 1-25; Foster, T.A., Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Frerichs, R.R., Berenson, G.S., Anthropometric and maturation measurements of children ages 5-14 years in a biracial community: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1977) Am J Clin Nutr, 30, pp. 582-591; Berenson, G.S., Foster, T.A., Frank, G.C., Frerichs, R.R., Srinivasan, S.R., Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Cardiovascular disease risk factor variables at the pre-school age: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1978) Circulation, 57, pp. 603-612; Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Blood pressure of children, ages 2 1/2-5 1/2 years, in a total community: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1978) Am J Epidemiol, 107, pp. 403-411; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: Systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hypertens, 18, pp. 815-831; Huxley, R., Neil, A., Collins, R., Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis: Is there really an inverse association between birthweight and subsequent blood pressure? 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(2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 77, pp. 26-30; Eriksson, J.G., Forsén, T., Tuomilehto, J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: Longitudinal study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 427-431; Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, 2nd Ed., , Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone; Law, C.M., De Swiet, M., Osmond, C., Fayers, P.M., Barker, D.J., Cruddas, A.M., Fall, C.H., Initiation of hypertension in utero and its amplification throughout life (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 24-27; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Is there a sex difference in the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure in later life? 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The emergence of diabetes and high blood pressure in African-origin populations (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 111-117; Falkner, B., Hulman, S., Kushner, H., Birth weight versus childhood growth as determinants of adult blood pressure (1998) Hypertension, 31, pp. 145-150; Lopes, A.A., Port, F.K., The low birth weight hypothesis as a plausible explanation for the black/white differences in hypertension, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and end-stage renal disease (1995) Am J Kidney Dis, 25, pp. 350-356; Mzayek, F., Sherwin, R., Fonseca, V., Valdez, R., Srinivasan, S., Cruickshank, J.K., Berenson, G.S., Differential associations of birth weight with multiple cardiovascular risk variables in blacks and whites: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2004) Ann Epidemiol, 14, pp. 258-264; Ezzati, M., Hoorn, S.V., Rodgers, A., Lopez, A.D., Mathers, C.D., Murray, C.J., Estimates of global and regional potential health gains from reducing multiple major risk factors (2003) Lancet, 362, pp. 271-280; Cooper, R.S., Rotimi, C.N., Kaufman, J.S., Muna, W.F., Mensah, G.A., Hypertension treatment and control in sub-Saharan Africa: The epidemiological basis for policy (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 614-617; Alexander, G.R., Kogan, M., Bader, D., Carlo, W., Allen, M., Mor, J., US birth weight/gestational age-specific neonatal mortality: 1995-1997 rates for whites, Hispanics, and blacks (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. e61-e66; Harding, S., Rosato, M.G., Cruickshank, J.K., Lack of change in birthweights of infants by generational status among Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black Caribbean, and Black African mothers in a British cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 1279-1285 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644369002&doi=10.1161%2f01.CIR.0000161960.78745.33&partnerID=40&md5=279cab3e59ba12ed2cd1cbdb0c341427 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult health and social outcomes of children who have been in public care: population-based study T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 115 IS - 4 SP - 894 EP - 899 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1542/peds.2004-1311 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Taylor, B. AD - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom AD - Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom AB - Objective. To examine adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and health outcomes of being in public care in childhood. Methods. The 1970 British birth cohort was followed up at 5 (N = 13 135), 10 (14 875), 16 (11 622), and 30 years (11 261). Cases were defined as those ever in statutory or voluntary public care at 5, 10, and 16 years. Self-reported adult outcomes were occupation, educational achievement, general health, psychological morbidity, history of homelessness, school exclusion, and convictions. Results. A total of 343 (3.6%) of 9557 had been in public care <17 years. Nonwhite children were more likely to have been in care (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-5.4). Controlling for socioeconomic status, men with a history of public care were less likely to attain high social class (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) and more likely to have been homeless (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8), have a conviction (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.4), have psychological morbidity (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.0), and be in poor general health (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.6). Similar associations were found in women. Men but not women with a history of care were more likely to be unemployed (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4 -5.0) and less likely to attain a higher degree (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2- 0.7). Non-white ethnicity was associated with poorer adult outcomes of being in care. Conclusions. Public care in childhood is associated with adverse adult socioeconomic, educational, legal, and health outcomes in excess of that associated with childhood or adult disadvantage. Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. KW - Foster care KW - Population health KW - Psychiatric disorders KW - Public health KW - Public policy KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - education KW - ethnology KW - female KW - health status KW - homelessness KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - occupation KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - public health service KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - crime KW - ethnic group KW - foster care KW - health status KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - statistics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crime KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Female KW - Foster Home Care KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Mental Health KW - Occupations KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 15805361 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: r.viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Acheson, D., (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (Great Britain), , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; Simms, M.D., Dubowitz, H., Szilagyi, M.A., Health care needs of children in the foster care system (2000) Pediatrics, 106, pp. 909-918; (1999) Health and Personal Social Services Statistics for England, , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; Williams, J., Jackson, S., Maddocks, A., Cheung, W.Y., Love, A., Hutchings, H., Case-control study of the health of those looked after by local authorities (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 280-285; Hill, C.M., Watkins, J., Statutory health assessments for looked-after children: What do they achieve? 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London, United Kingdom: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; King, M., At risk drinking among general practice attenders: Validation of the CAGE questionnaire (1986) Psychol Med, 16, pp. 213-217; Buchsbaum, D.G., Buchanan, R.G., Centor, R.M., Schnoll, S.H., Lawton, M.J., Screening for alcohol abuse using CAGE scores and likelihood ratios (1991) Ann Intern Med, 115, pp. 774-777; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, United Kingdom: Longmans; Thorpe, K., Golding, J., MacGillivray, I., Greenwood, R., Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 875-878; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., (1992) Prepared for Living? A Survey of Young People Leaving the Care of Three Local Authorities, , London, United Kingdom: National Children's Bureau; Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., (1995) Moving On. Young People and Leaving Care Schemes, , London, United Kingdom: HMSO; Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 575-580; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., Flouri, E., Parental background, social disadvantage, public "care," and psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood (2000) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1415-1423; McCann, J.B., James, A., Wilson, S., Dunn, G., Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young people in the care system (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1529-1530; Wellings, K., Wadsworth, J., Johnson, A., Field, J., Macdowall, W., Teenage fertility and life chances (1999) Rev Reprod, 4, pp. 184-190; Polnay, L., Ward, H., Promoting the health of looked after children. Government proposals demand leadership and a culture change (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 661-662 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23244459869&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2004-1311&partnerID=40&md5=32eb885f78eeead50427c37694f9a9bc ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cardiovascular risk at age 53 years in relation to the menopause transition and use of hormone replacement therapy: A prospective British birth cohort study T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 112 IS - 4 SP - 476 EP - 485 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00416.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Kuh, D. AU - Langenberg, C. AU - Hardy, R. AU - Kok, H. AU - Cooper, R. AU - Butterworth, S. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom AD - Julius Ctr. Hlth. Sci./Prim. Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To investigate cardiovascular risk factors and changes in risk factor levels in relation to menopausal stage, hysterectomy status and hormone replacement therapy use in a cohort of women aged 53 years with prospective data on smoking, lifetime socio-economic circumstances, and blood pressure and obesity at age 43 years. Design: A prospective study. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Population A cohort of women from the Medical Research Council Survey of Health and Development. Methods: A total of 1303 women, aged 53 years, from a UK birth cohort study with measures of cardiovascular risk factors were classified by five menopausal status groups (premenopause, perimenopause, postmenopause, hysterectomy and hormone replacement therapy user). Body mass index, glycosolated haemoglobin, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol measurements were taken, and analysed within the groups taking confounding variables into account. Changes in body mass index and blood pressure measurement in the same women obtained when 43 years of age were also compared. Main outcome measures: Body mass index, glycosolated haemoglobin, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol. Results: At 53 years, body mass index, waist circumference, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycosolated haemoglobin (HbA1c) varied by menopausal status group, but blood pressure did not. Levels of total cholesterol and HbA1c increased across the natural menopause transition, before and after adjustment for body mass index, smoking and lifetime socio-economic circumstances. After adjustment for confounders, levels of risk factors for hysterectomised women were similar to those of naturally postmenopausal women. Women on hormone replacement therapy had lower levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c, and were less obese than postmenopausal women. The lower obesity levels were partly due to these women already being less obese at age 43 years. Conclusions: This study showed that naturally postmenopausal or hysterectomised women had higher levels of metabolic risk factors compared with premenopausal or perimenopausal women of the same age. The long term stability of these differences and their translation into variations in incidence of cardiovascular disease remain to be seen. The lower levels of metabolic risk factors for women on hormone replacement therapy may protect against future cardiovascular disease or may be overwhelmed by other adverse, and as yet unknown, effects of hormone replacement therapy. © RCOG 2005. KW - cholesterol KW - glycosylated hemoglobin KW - hemoglobin A1c KW - high density lipoprotein KW - low density lipoprotein KW - low density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - adult KW - article KW - blood pressure measurement KW - body mass KW - cardiovascular risk KW - cholesterol blood level KW - cigarette smoking KW - climacterium KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - heart protection KW - hormone substitution KW - human KW - hysterectomy KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - menopause KW - obesity KW - postmenopause KW - premenopause KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - protein blood level KW - risk assessment KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated KW - Hormone Replacement Therapy KW - Humans KW - Hysterectomy KW - Lipids KW - Menopause KW - Middle Aged KW - Prospective Studies KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BIOGF C2 - 15777448 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.; MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: cholesterol, 57-88-5; glycosylated hemoglobin, 9062-63-9; hemoglobin A1c, 62572-11-6; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Lipids N1 - References: Barrett-Connor, E., Bush, T.L., Estrogen and coronary heart disease in women (1991) JAMA, 265, pp. 1861-1867; Barrett-Connor, E., An epidemiologist looks at hormones and heart disease in women (2003) J Endocrinol Metab, 88, pp. 4031-4042; Crawford, S.L., Johannes, C.B., The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, pp. 1803-1806; Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.E., Hennekens, C.H., Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 1105-1110; Hu, F.B., Grodstein, F., Hennekens, C.H., Age at natural menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease (1999) Arch Intern Med, 159, pp. 1061-1066; Kuller, L.H., Meilahn, E.N., Cauley, J.A., Gutai, J.P., Matthews, K.A., Epidemiologic studies of menopause: Changes in risk factors and disease (1994) Exp Gerontol, 29, pp. 495-509; Matthews, K.A., Meilahn, E., Kuller, L.H., Kelsey, S.F., Caggiula, A.W., Wing, R.R., Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease (1989) N Engl J Med, 321, pp. 641-646; Poehlman, E.T., Toth, M.J., Ades, P.A., Rosen, C.J., Menopause-associated changes in plasma lipids, insulin-like growth factor I and blood pressure: A longitudinal study (1997) Eur J Clin Invest, 27, pp. 322-326; Sargeant, L.A., Wareham, N.J., Khaw, K.T., Hormone replacement therapy and glucose tolerance in EPIC-Norfolk: A population-based study (1999) Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 16, pp. 20-25; Okada, M., Nomura, S., Ikoma, Y., Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on HbA(1c) levels (2003) Diabetes Care, 26, pp. 1088-1092; Hsia, J., Barad, D., Margolis, K., Usefulness of prior hysterectomy as an independent predictor of Framingham risk score (The Women's Health Initiative) (2003) Am J Cardiol, 92, pp. 264-269; Luoto, R., Kaprio, J., Reunanen, A., Rutanen, E.-M., Cardiovascular morbidity in relation to ovarian function after hysterectomy (1995) Obstet Gynecol, 85, pp. 515-522; Stoney, C.M., Owens, J.F., Guzick, D.S., Matthews, K.A., A natural experiment on the effects of ovarian hormones on cardiovascular risk factors and stress reactivity: Bilateral salpingo oophorectomy versus hysterectomy only (1997) Health Psychol, 16, pp. 349-358; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Menopause and gynnaecological disorders: A life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 64-85. , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. 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The Rancho Bernardo study (1996) Diabetes Care, 19, pp. 450-456; Brett, K.M., Madans, J.H., Use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: Estimates from a nationally representative cohort study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 536-545; Kritz-Silverstein, D., Barrett-Connor, E., Long-term postmenopausal hormone use, obesity, and fat distribution in older women (1996) JAMA, 275, pp. 46-49; Nabulsi, A.A., Foison, A.R., White, A., Association of hormone-replacement therapy with various cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women (1993) N Engl J Med, 328, pp. 1069-1075; Godsland, I.F., Gangar, K., Walton, C., Insulin resistance, secretion, and elimination in postmenopausal women receiving oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy (1993) Metabolism, 42, pp. 846-853; Troisi, R.J., Cowie, C.C., Harris, M.I., Hormone replacement therapy and glucose metabolism (2000) Obstet Gynecol, 96, pp. 665-669; Vestergaard, P., Hermann, A.P., Silgren, L., Effect of 5 years of hormonal replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms and blood pressure - A randomised controlled study (2003) Maturitas, 46, pp. 123-132; Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2486-2497; Wilder, L.B., Bachorik, P.S., Finney, C.A., Moy, T.F., Becker, D.M., The effect of fasting status on the determination of low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1995) Am J Med, 99, pp. 374-377; Craig, S.R., Amin, R.V., Russell, D.W., Paradise, N.F., Blood cholesterol screening influence of fasting state on cholesterol results and management decisions (2000) J Gen Intern Med, 15, pp. 395-399 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17144421528&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2005.00416.x&partnerID=40&md5=e9dfdda5b86f6e3036fc94f40058a3f6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs: Findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 279 EP - 282 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2004.025262 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Bor, W. AU - O'Callaghan, M.J. AU - Williams, G.M. AU - Najman, J.M. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Child Devmt. and Rehab. Services, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - School of Population Health, Univ. of Queensland Medical School, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To examine the association between intrauterine growth and intelligence. Design: Population based birth cohort study of sibling pairs born within a maximum of three years of each other. Setting: Mater-University women and children's hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Participants: 235 (470 children) sibling pairs. Results: Among one randomly selected sibling from each pair verbal comprehension at age 5, general intelligence at age 14, and reading ability at age 14 increased linearly with increasing gestational age and sex standardised birth weight z scores. With adjustment for maternal age, race, and smoking during pregnancy, birth order, family income, and parental education the associations with verbal comprehension at age 5 and general intelligence at age 14 remained, whereas the association with reading ability at age 14 was attenuated to the null. Within sibling pairs, differences in intrauterine growth were positively associated with differences in verbal comprehension at age 5 (test score difference per one unit difference in birth weight z score = 1.52 (0.11 to 3.26)) and general intelligence at age 14 (1.09 (0.01 to 2.18)), but not with reading ability at age 14. Conclusions: Socioeconomic position or other fixed maternal characteristics do not seem to explain the positive association between intrauterine growth and childhood intelligence. KW - child development KW - academic achievement KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - comprehension KW - female KW - gestational age KW - human KW - income KW - intelligence KW - intelligence quotient KW - male KW - normal human KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal growth KW - reading KW - sibling KW - smoking KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - fetus development KW - intelligence test KW - mother KW - physiology KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - sex difference KW - sibling KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Fetal Development KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Reading KW - Sex Factors KW - Siblings KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 15767380 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H., DelDotto, J., Low birth weight and neurocognitive status at six years of age (1996) Biol Physchiatry, 40, pp. 389-397; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birthweight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-197; Jefferles, B., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Osler, M., Andersen, A.-M.N., Due, P., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; Record, R.G., McKeown, T., Edwards, J.H., The relationship of measured intelligence to birth weight and duration of gestation (1969) Ann Hum Genet Lond, 33, pp. 71-79; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; Scarr, S., Effects of birth weight on later intelligence (1969) Soc Biol, 16, pp. 249-256; Willerman, L., Churchill, J.A., Intelligence and birth weight in identical twins (1967) Child Dev, 38, pp. 623-629; Boomsma, D.I., Van Beijsterveldt, C.E., Rietveld, M.J., Genetics mediate relation of birth weight to childhood IQ (2001) BMJ, 323, p. 1426; Najman, J.M., Aird, R., Bor, W., The generational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in child cognitive development and emotional health (2004) Soc Sci Med, 58, pp. 1147-1158; Dunn, L.M., Dunn, L.M., (1981) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Revised, , New York: American Guidance Service; De Lemos, M.M., (1989) Standard Progressive Matrices, Australian Manual, , Victoria: The Australian Education Council for Research; Wilkinson, G.S., (1993) Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT3) Administration Manual, , Wilmington, DE: Wide Range UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15544388220&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.025262&partnerID=40&md5=5d9645ccbfd123a967beb7abb2379ea0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking in a national birth cohort T2 - Addiction J2 - Addiction VL - 100 IS - 4 SP - 543 EP - 549 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01034.x SN - 09652140 (ISSN) AU - Jefferis, B.J.M.H. AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To assess (i) continuities in binge drinking across adulthood and (ii) the association between adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking. Design: Population-based prospective birth cohort. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births during one week in March 1958 (n = 8520 in analysis). Measurements: Alcohol consumption reported at 16, 23, 33 and 42 years. Binge drinkers were identified by dividing number of units of alcohol consumed in the last week by usual drinking frequency, with limits of ≥10 units/occasion for men and ≥7 for women. Findings: Four in five cohort members drank alcohol at least twice a month. Prevalences of binge drinking at 23, 33 and 42 years among men were 37%, 28% and 31% and among women 18%, 13% and 14%. Most binge drinkers in adulthood changed drinking status during this period. Nevertheless, binge drinking at age 23 increased the odds of binge drinking at 42 years: odds ratio (OR) 2.10 (95% CI 1.85, 2.39) for men; OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.29, 1.89) for women. Women who rarely or never drank aged 16 were less likely than light drinkers (0-2 units/week) to binge drink as adults, OR at 23 years 0.65 (95% CI 0.55, 0.77). Men who were heavier drinkers (≥7 units/week) at 16 years were more likely than light drinkers to binge drink throughout adulthood; at 42 years, OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33, 2.08). Conclusions: Binge drinking is common in British men and women throughout adulthood with continuities between the 20s and 40s. Adolescent drinking has a modest although important association with adult binge drinking. © 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction. KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol KW - Binge drinking KW - Prospective cohort KW - alcohol KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - drinking behavior KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - sex difference KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Alcoholic Intoxication KW - Cohort Studies KW - Ethanol KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Prospective Studies KW - Regression Analysis N1 - Cited By :88 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADICE C2 - 15784069 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jefferis, B.J.M.H.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: B.Jefferis@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alcohol, 64-17-5; Ethanol, 64-17-5 N1 - References: Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., Sempos, C.T., The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: An overview (2003) Addiction, 98, pp. 1209-1228; (2001) Statistics Handbook a Compilation of Drinks Industry Statistics. 28th Edn., , London: Publications Brewing Publications Limited; Leifman, H., Hemstrom, O., Ramstedt, M., The ECAS-survey on drinking patterns and alcohol related problems (2001) Alcohol in Post War Europe, pp. 105-126. , Norstrom, T., ed. Stockholm: National Institute of Public Health; (1995) Sensible Drinking, , Report of an Inter-Departmental Working Group. London: Department of Health; Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain: Results from the 2000/01 General Household Survey, , London: The Stationery Office; Pearson, H., Public health: The demon drink (2004) Nature, 428, pp. 598-600; Dyer, O., Goverment must take unpopular decisions to reduce alcohol consumption (2004) BMJ, 328, p. 542; (2004) Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England, , http://www.strategy.gov.uk/files/pdf/al04SU.pdf, London: The Cabinet Office; Kuntsche, E., Rehm, J., Gmel, G., Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe (2004) Social Science and Medicine, 59, pp. 113-127; Schulenberg, J.E., Maggs, J.L., A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood (2002) Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement, 14, pp. 54-70; Hill, K.G., White, H.R., Chung, I.J., Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., Early adult outcomes of adolescent binge drinking: Person- And variable-centered analyses of binge drinking trajectories (2000) Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, pp. 892-901; Casswell, S., Pledger, M., Pratap, S., Trajectories of drinking from 18 to 26 years: Identification and prediction (2002) Addiction, 97, pp. 1427-1437; Tucker, J.S., Orlando, M., Ellickson, P.L., Patterns and correlates of binge drinking trajectories from early adolescence to young adulthood (2003) Health Psychology, 22, pp. 79-87; Gladstone, J., Levy, M., Nulman, I., Koren, G., Characteristics of pregnant women who engage in binge alcohol consumption (1997) Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156, pp. 789-794; Bennett, P., Smith, C., Nugent, Z., Patterns of drinking in Wales (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26, pp. 367-374; Malyutina, S., Bobak, M., Kurilovitch, S., Ryizova, E., Nikitin, Y., Marmot, M., Alcohol consumption and binge drinking in Novosibirsk, Russia, 1985-95 (2001) Addiction, 96, pp. 987-995; Makela, P., Fonager, K., Hibell, B., Nordlund, S., Sabroe, S., Simpura, J., Episodic heavy drinking in four Nordic countries: A comparative survey (2001) Addiction, 96, pp. 1575-1588; Naimi, T.S., Brewer, R.D., Mokdad, A., Denny, C., Serdula, M.K., Marks, J.S., Binge drinking among US adults (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 70-75; Wilsnack, R.W., Vogeltanz, N.D., Wilsnack, S.C., Harris, T.R., Ahlstrom, S., Bondy, S., Ferri, E., Smith, K., Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: Cross-cultural patterns (2000) Addiction, 95, pp. 251-265; Fillmore, K.M., Women's drinking across the adult life course as compared to men's (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 801-811; Wennberg, P., Bohman, M., Andersson, T., Variations and stability in drinking patterns in a cohort of Swedish males (2000) Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 28, pp. 312-316; Collins, D., Deepchand, K., Fitzgerald, R., Perry, J., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Smith, K., (2001) National Child Development Study and 19 70 British Cohort Study 1999-2000 Surveys. Stability Change and Development in the British Population. Technical Report, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33; the Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Dight, S.E., (1976) Scottish Drinking Habits, , A Survey of Scottish Drinking Habits and Attitudes Towards Alcohol Carried Out in 1972 for the Scottish Home and Health Department. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Marmot, M., Ghodshe, A.H., Jarvis, S., Kemm, J.R., Ritson, E.B., Wallace, P., (1995) Alcohol and the Heart in Perspective Sensible Limits Reaffirmed, , Report of a Working Group to the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Royal College of General Practitioners. London: British Medical Association; Feunekes, G.I.V.V., Van Staveren, W.A., Kok, F.J., Alcohol intake assessment: The sober facts (1999) American Journal of Epidemiology, 150, pp. 105-112; Erens, B., Primatesta, P., Prior, G., (2001) Health Survey for England - Health of Minority Ethnic Groups '99, , London: The Stationery Office; (2004) Calling Time. The Nation's Drinking As a Major Health Issue, , London: Academy of Medical Sciences; Boreham, R., McManus, S., (2003) Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Young People in England in 2002, , London: The Stationery Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17244364586&doi=10.1111%2fj.1360-0443.2005.01034.x&partnerID=40&md5=f68ace1b9bc135b7e4b8fd7aa32abbf7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Common visual defects and peer victimization in children T2 - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science J2 - Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 1177 EP - 1181 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1167/iovs.04-0597 SN - 01460404 (ISSN) AU - Horwood, J. AU - Waylen, A. AU - Herrick, D. AU - Williams, C. AU - Wolke, D. AD - Department of Community Medicine, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Jacobs Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland AD - University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom AB - PURPOSE. To investigate whether wearing glasses, having manifest strabismus, or having a history of wearing an eye patch predisposes preadolescent children to being victimized more frequently at school and whether the impact may be different on boys than on girls. METHODS. Data were examined on 6536 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) based in the United Kingdom. At 7.5 years, the children undertook a detailed eye examination by orthoptists, including a cover test and visual acuity assessment. At 8.5 years, trained psychologists assessed the children's bullying involvement as either victim or perpetrator for overt and relational bullying, in a standard interview. RESULTS. Children currently wearing glasses or with a history of wearing eye patches were 35% to 37% more likely to be victims of physical or verbal bullying, even after adjustment for social class and maternal education. No interactions were found between sex and visual problems in the prediction of bullying. CONCLUSIONS. For those children who require glasses, opticians should be aware of the risks of bullying, and strategies should be developed and discussed that help reduce their vulnerability. Copyright © Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. KW - amblyopia KW - article KW - bullying KW - childhood disease KW - controlled study KW - education KW - female KW - group psychology KW - human KW - interview KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - orthoptics KW - parental schooling KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - school KW - school child KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - spectacles KW - strabismus KW - United Kingdom KW - victim KW - visual acuity KW - visual disorder KW - aggression KW - child KW - educational status KW - questionnaire KW - sensory deprivation KW - statistics KW - strabismus KW - United Kingdom KW - violence KW - visual disorder KW - Aggression KW - Child KW - Crime Victims KW - Educational Status KW - Eyeglasses KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Prospective Studies KW - Questionnaires KW - Sensory Deprivation KW - Social Class KW - Strabismus KW - Violence KW - Vision Disorders N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IOVSD C2 - 15790876 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Horwood, J.; University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; email: j.horwood@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Whitney, I., Smith, P.K., A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools (1993) Educ Res, 35, pp. 3-25; Björkqvist, K., Sex Differences in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression: A review of recent research (1994) Sex Roles, 30, pp. 177-188; Crick, N.R., Grotpeter, J.K., Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 710-722; Smith, P., Ananiadou, K., The nature of school bullying and the effectiveness of school-based interventions (2003) J Appl Psychoanal Studies, 5, pp. 189-209; Wolke, D., Woods, S., Schulz, H., Stanford, K., Bullying and victimization of primary school children in South England and South Germany: Prevalence and school factors (2001) Br J Psychol, 92, pp. 673-696; Hawker, D., Boulton, M., Twenty years research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies (2000) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 41, pp. 441-455; Wolke, D., Woods, S., Bloomfield, L., Karstadt, L., The association between direct and relational bullying and behaviour (2000) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 41, pp. 989-1002; Wolke, D., Stanford, K., Bullying in school children (1999) Developmental Psychology, pp. 341-360. , Messer D, Millar S, eds. London: Arnold; Olweus, D., Annotation: Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1171-1190; Crozier, W.R., Dimmock, P., Name calling and nicknames in a sample of primary school children (1999) Br J Educ Psychol, 69, pp. 505-516; Lahteenmaki, P., Huostila, J., Hinkka, S., Salmi, T., Childhood cancer patients at school (2002) Eur J Cancer, 38, pp. 1227-1240; Vance, Y., Eiser, C., The school experience of the child with cancer (2002) Child Care Health Dev, 28, pp. 5-19; Neumark-Sztainer, D., Falkner, N., Story, M., Perry, C., Hannan, P.J., Mulert, S., Weight-teasing among adolescents: Correlations with weight status and disordered eating behaviors (2002) Int J Obesity, 26, pp. 123-131; Pearce, M.J., Boergers, J., Prinstein, M.J., Adolescent obesity, overt and relational peer victimization, and romantic relationships (2002) Obesity Res, 10, pp. 386-393; Georgeson, J., Harris, M., Milich, R., Young, J., "Just teasing": Personality effects on perceptions and life narratives of childhood teasing (1999) Personality Soc Psychol Bull, 25, pp. 1254-1267; Kowalski, R., "I was only kidding!": Victims' and perpetrators' perceptions of teasing (2000) Personality Soc Psychol Bull, 26, pp. 231-241; Keltner, D., Capps, L., Kring, A., Young, R., Heery, E., Just teasing: A conceptual analysis and empirical review (2001) Psychol Bull, 127, pp. 229-248; Packwood, E.A., Cruz, O.A., Rychwalski, P.J., Keech, R.V., The psychosocial effects of amblyopia study (1999) J AAPOS, 3, pp. 15-17; Uretmen, O., Egrilmez, S., Kose, S., Pamaukçu, K., Akkin, C., Palamar, M., Negative social bias against children with strabismus (2003) Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 81, pp. 138-142; Olitsky, S.E., Sudesh, S., Graziano, A., Hamblen, J., Brooks, S.E., Shaha, S.H., The negative psychosocial impact of strabismus in adults (1999) J AAPOS, 3, pp. 209-211; Menon, V., Saha, J., Tandon, R., Mehta, M., Khokhar, S., Study of the psychosocial aspects of strabismus (2002) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 39, pp. 203-208; Mruthyunjaya, P., Simon, J.W., Pickering, J.D., Lininger, L.L., Subjective and objective outcomes of strabismus surgery in children (1996) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 33, pp. 167-170; Terry, R.L., Macy, R.J., Childrens social judgments of other children who wear eyeglasses (1991) J Soc Behav Personality, 6, pp. 965-974; Terry, R.L., Stockton, L.A., Eyeglasses and childrens schemata (1993) J Soc Psychol, 133, pp. 425-438; Satterfield, D., Keltner, J.L., Morrison, T.L., Psychosocial aspects of strabismus study (1993) Arch Ophthalmol, 111, pp. 1100-1105; Golding, J., Pembrey, M., Jones, R., ALSPAC: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. I. Study methodology (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. 74-87; Williams, C., Harrad, R., Harvey, I., Sparrow, J., Team, A.S., Screening for amblyopia in preschool children: Results of a population-based, randomised controlled trial (2001) Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 8, pp. 279-295; Williams, C., Northstone, K., Harrad, R., Sparrow, J., Harvey, I., Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening before 3 years vs. at 3 years of age: Follow-up from a randomised trial (2002) BMJ, 324, pp. 1549-1551; Williams, C., Northsorie, K., Harrad, R., Sparrow, J., Team, A.S., Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening at 3 vs. screening at school entry: Observational data from a prospective cohort study (2003) Br J Ophthalmol, 87, pp. 988-993; (1991) Standard Occupational Classification, , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Osborn, A., Butler, N., Morris, A., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds: A Report of the Child Health and Education Study, , London: Routledge & Kegan; Arlinghaus, S., Eye-contact graphs (1985) Behav Sci, 30, pp. 108-117; Horwood, A., Compliance with first time spectacle wear in children under eight years of age (1998) Eye, 12, pp. 173-178 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18244408844&doi=10.1167%2fiovs.04-0597&partnerID=40&md5=20492d083a7b1fcfd5c0624259ffad04 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social and environmental conditions across the life course and age at menopause in a British birth cohort study T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 112 IS - 3 SP - 346 EP - 354 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00348.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Hardy, R. AU - Kuh, D. AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To assess whether socio-economic status, environmental stress and hardship throughout the life course are associated with age at menopause. Design: Birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland, Wales. Sample: A total of 1515 women from a stratified sample of all births in one week in 1946. Methods: Age at menopause was collected using annual postal questionnaires from age 47 to 53 years. Information on socio-economic conditions and hardship were collected at contacts throughout life from age 2 to 43 years. Socio-economic indicator variables were defined to represent cumulative exposure to hardship in childhood and in adulthood. Main outcome measures: Age at menopause. Results: Cox's proportional hazard models indicated that women whose fathers were in a manual social class occupation at three time points during her childhood had an earlier age at menopause than those whose fathers were in non-manual occupations at all three (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 0.93-2.47). Similar findings were seen for household crowding. These socio-economic gradients could not be explained by adult socio-economic status, behaviour and lifestyle or by psychological health and stress, but were attenuated by other early life factors. Women who experienced parental divorce early in life (before five years of age) had double the rate of menopause of those whose parents did not divorce (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.33-3.42). There were no consistent findings with adult socio-economic indicators. Conclusions: There is some evidence of a cumulative effect of socio-economic circumstances in childhood, but not in adulthood, on age at menopause. Childhood nutrition, cognition and emotional stress possibly underlie the social gradient. © RCOG 2004. KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - divorce KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - household KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - menopause KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Crowding KW - Divorce KW - Environment KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Menopause KW - Middle Aged KW - Social Class KW - Stress, Psychological N1 - Cited By :46 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BIOGF C2 - 15713152 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hardy, R.; MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom N1 - References: Stanford, J.L., Hartge, P., Brinton, L.A., Hoover, R.N., Brookmeyer, R., Factors influencing the age at natural menopause (1987) J Chronic Dis, 40, pp. 995-1002; McKinlay, S., Brambilla, D., Posner, J., The normal menopause transition (1992) Am J Hum Biol, 4, pp. 37-46; Luoto, R., Kaprio, J., Uutela, A., Age at menopause and sociodemographic status in Finland (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 139, pp. 64-76; Torgerson, D.J., Avenell, A., Russell, I.T., Reid, D.M., Factors associated with onset of menopause in women aged 45-49 (1994) Maturitas, 19, pp. 83-92; Bromberger, J.T., Matthews, K.A., Kuller, L.H., Wing, R.R., Meilahn, E.N., Plantinga, P., Prospective study of the determinants of age at menopause (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 124-133; Do, K.-A., Treloar, S.A., Pandeya, N., Predictive factors of age at menopause in a large Australian twin study (1998) Hum Biol, 70, pp. 1073-1091; Shinberg, D.S., An event history analysis of age at last menstrual period: Correlates of natural and surgical menopause among midlife Wisconsin women (1998) Soc Sci Med, 46, pp. 1381-1396; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status and the age at menopause transition in a British national cohort (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 845-851; Gold, E.B., Bromberger, J., Crawford, S., Factors associated with age at natural menopause in a multiethnic sample of midlife women (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 865-874; Wise, L.A., Krieger, N., Zierler, S., Harlow, B.L., Lifetime socioeconomic position in relation to onset of perimenopause (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 851-860; Rich-Edwards, J., A life course approach to women's reproductive health (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 23-43. , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. 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Evidence from a British birth cohort (2002) Hum Reprod, 17, pp. 2474-2479; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D.J.L., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work in the British 1946 national cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11, pp. 2-20; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworth, S.L., Hardy, R.J., The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc Sci Med, 57, pp. 2193-2205; Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: The influence of the menopause, social factors and health in earlier life (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104, pp. 923-933; Brambilla, D.J., McKinlay, S.M., A prospective study of factors affecting age at menopause (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 1031-1039; Brambilla, D.J., McKinlay, S.M., Johannes, C.B., Defining the perimenopause for application in epidemiologic investigations (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 1091-1095; Lindelow, M., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general UK population: The Psychiatric Symptom Frequency Scale (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 549-557; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (1972) J R Stat Soc, B, 74, pp. 187-220; Farewell, V.T., An application of Cox's proportional hazards model to multiple infection data (1979) J R Stat Soc, C, 28, pp. 136-143; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Reproductive characteristics and age at inception of the perimenopause in a British national cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 612-620; Douglas, J.W.B., Broken families and child behaviour (1970) J R Coll Phys, 4, pp. 203-210; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1979) Roots of Delinquency, , Oxford: Martin Robertson; Rodgers, B., Power, C., Hope, S., Parental divorce and adult psychological distress. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644414805&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2004.00348.x&partnerID=40&md5=5587206a79d66657dbc6e68ca1e236ca ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biosocial correlates of stature in a British national cohort T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 245 EP - 251 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1017/S0021932004006558 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AU - Lasker, G.W. AD - Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States AB - Analyses of height variation using the 1970 UK national cohort study (12,508 children at age 10 and 5470 at age 16) found clear evidence that children of higher socioeconomic status (as measured by social class, crowding, tenure, type of accommodation, income and receipt of government financial assistance) were on average taller than children of lower socio-economic status but there was little or no difference in average stature between children living in urban or rural areas. Significant differences in height remained for most of the variables after removing the effects of father's social class suggesting that reliance on social class per se to explain height variation is inadvisable. © 2004 Cambridge University Press. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - body height KW - child KW - crowding KW - female KW - government KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - rural area KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - social status KW - United Kingdom KW - urban area KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crowding KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Income KW - Male KW - Rural Population KW - Social Class KW - Urban Population N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 15768777 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Fogelman, K., (1983) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, , National Children's Bureau, London; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children - Results from the national Child Development Study (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 1-8; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Influence of social class on the correlation of stature of adult children with that of their mothers and fathers (1996) Journal of Biosocial Science, 28, pp. 117-122; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban children in relation to socioeconomic factors (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, p. 510; Liodgren, G.W., Cernerud, L., Physical growth and socioeconomic background of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933-1963 (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 1-16; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The biology of social class (1990) Biosocial Aspects of Social Class, , Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial influences on stature: A review (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23, pp. 113-128; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biological correlates of social and geographical mobility in humans: An overview (1998) Human Biology and Social Inequality, , Shetty, P. S. & Strickland, S. S. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Boldsen, J.L., Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Annals of Human Biology, 12, pp. 315-324; Stinson, S., Growth variation: Biological and cultural factors (2000) Human Biology, , Stinson, S., Bogin, B., Huss-Ashmore, R. & O'Rourke; D. (eds). Wiley-Liss, New York; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, 2nd Edn., , Blackwell Scientific, Oxford; Terrell, T.R., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial correlates of stature in a 16-year old British cohort (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23, pp. 401-408; Topp, S.G., Cook, J., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of school children (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, p. 154 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644401805&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932004006558&partnerID=40&md5=8ce5e2bd4993d679e9684f72c1856a93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The EPICure study: Associations and entecedents of neurological and developmental disability at the 30 months of age following extremely preterm birth T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. VL - 90 IS - 2 SP - F134 EP - F140 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/adc.2004.052407 SN - 13592998 (ISSN) AU - Wood, N.S. AU - Costeloe, K. AU - Gibson, A.T. AU - Hennessy, E.M. AU - Marlow, N. AU - Wilkinson, A.R. AD - Academic Division of Child Health, Queens Medical Centre, East Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom AD - Academic Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom AD - Jessop Wing, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom AD - Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To describe perinatal factors associated with later morbidity among extremely preterm children at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Population: Of 308 surviving children born at ≤25 weeks gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland from March to December 1995, 283 (92%) were evaluated at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Methods: Cerebral palsy, severe motor disability, and Bayley scores were used as dependent variables in sequential multiple regression analyses to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Results: Adverse outcomes were consistently more common in boys. Factors related to perinatal illness, ultrasound evidence of brain injury, and treatment (particularly postnatal steroids) were associated with adverse motor outcomes (cerebral palsy, disability or Bayley psychomotor development index). Increasing duration of postnatal steroid treatment was associated with poor motor outcomes. A score was developed for severe motor disability with good negative predictive value. In contrast, mental development was associated with a broader range of factors: ethnic group, maternal educational level, the use of antenatal steroids, and prolonged rupture of membranes in addition to chronic lung disease. Conclusion: Male sex is a pervasive risk factor for poor outcome at extremely low gestations. Avoidable or effective treatment factors are identified, which may indicate the potential for improving outcome. KW - article KW - Bayley score KW - brain injury KW - cerebral palsy KW - cognition KW - developmental disorder KW - disability KW - disease association KW - echography KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - human KW - Ireland KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental development KW - morbidity KW - motor dysfunction KW - perinatal morbidity KW - prematurity KW - prenatal care KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - psychomotor development KW - scoring system KW - steroid therapy KW - United Kingdom KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Male KW - Morbidity KW - Movement Disorders KW - Prognosis KW - Psychomotor Disorders KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Steroids N1 - Cited By :254 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 15724037 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Marlow, N.; Academic Division of Child Health, Queens Medical Centre, East Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; email: neil.marlow@nottingham.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Steroids N1 - References: Wood, N.S., Marlow, N., Costeloe, K., Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth (2000) N Engl J Med, 343, pp. 378-384. , EPICure Study Group; Vohr, B.R., Wright, L.L., Dusick, A.M., Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994 (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. 1216-1226; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Beckung, E., Changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. 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Biosoc. Sci. VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 229 EP - 243 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1017/S0021932004006546 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Parr, N.J. AD - Demographic Research Group, Div. of Economic and Fin. Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia AB - Using data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper analyses the extent to which childlessness among Australian women aged 40-54 years varies according to the size and type of family in which they were brought up, and the level and type of schooling they had. Multilevel logistic analysis shows that having been educated in a non-government school, having stayed at school to year 12, having a small number of siblings, at age 14 having a father who was either dead or absent, at age 14 having a father who was employed in a professional occupation, or being a migrant from North or West Europe, North America, East Asia or South-East Asia, all are significantly associated with higher rates of childlessness among women in the 40-54 years age range. The effects of these early lifecourse variables on marital and socioeconomic status in later life, and hence on childlessness, are also considered. The implications of the findings for fertility trends and for Australia's public debate are discussed. © 2004 Cambridge University Press. KW - adult KW - Asia KW - Australia KW - education KW - Europe KW - family KW - family size KW - female KW - female infertility KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - marriage KW - North America KW - review KW - social status KW - Adult KW - Australia KW - Educational Status KW - Family KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Marital Status KW - Middle Aged KW - Reproductive Behavior KW - Schools KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 15768776 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parr, N.J.; Demographic Research Group, Div. of Economic and Fin. Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia N1 - References: (1997) Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO), Second Edition, , Catalogue Number 1220-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2001) Births, , Catalogue Number 3301-0. 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VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 155 EP - 162 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s00198-004-1640-3 SN - 0937941X (ISSN) AU - Kanis, J.A. AU - Johnell, O. AU - Oden, A. AU - Johansson, H. AU - De Laet, C. AU - Eisman, J.A. AU - Fujiwara, S. AU - Kroger, H. AU - McCloskey, E.V. AU - Mellstrom, D. AU - Melton, L.J. AU - Pols, H. AU - Reeve, J. AU - Silman, A. AU - Tenenhouse, A. AD - WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. B., Univ. of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom AD - Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden AD - Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Australia AD - Department Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland AD - Department Geriatric Medicine, University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden AD - Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - ARC Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom AD - Division of Bone Metabolism, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada AB - Smoking is widely considered a risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 59,232 men and women (74% female) from ten prospective cohorts comprising EVOS/EPOS, DOES, CaMos, Rochester, Sheffield, Rotterdam, Kuopio, Hiroshima and two cohorts from Gothenburg. Cohorts were followed for a total of 250,000 person-years. The effect of current or past smoking, on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson model for each sex from each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex and BMD. The results of the different studies were merged using the weighted β-coefficients. Current smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of any fracture compared to non-smokers (RR = 1.25; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.15-1.36). Risk ratio (RR) was adjusted marginally downward when account was taken of BMD, but it remained significantly increased (RR = 1.13). For an osteoporotic fracture, the risk was marginally higher (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.13-1.28). The highest risk was observed for hip fracture (RR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.52-2.22), but this was also somewhat lower after adjustment for BMD (RR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.27-2.02). Risk ratios were significantly higher in men than in women for all fractures and for osteoporotic fractures, but not for hip fracture. Low BMD accounted for only 23% of the smoking-related risk of hip fracture. Adjustment for body mass index had a small downward effect on risk for all fracture outcomes. For osteoporotic fracture, the risk ratio increased with age, but decreased with age for hip fracture. A smoking history was associated with a significantly increased risk of fracture compared with individuals with no smoking history, but the risk ratios were lower than for current smoking. We conclude that a history of smoking results in fracture risk that is substantially greater than that explained by measurement of BMD. Its validation on an international basis permits the use of this risk factor in case finding strategies. © International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2004. KW - Body mass index KW - Hip fracture KW - Meta-analysis KW - Osteoporotic fracture KW - Smoking KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - anamnesis KW - article KW - bone density KW - clinical examination KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - female KW - fragility fracture KW - health hazard KW - hip fracture KW - human KW - male KW - observation KW - Poisson distribution KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - sex KW - smoking KW - validation process KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Body Mass Index KW - Bone Density KW - Female KW - Fractures, Bone KW - Hip Fractures KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Odds Ratio KW - Osteoporosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Distribution KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :458 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: OSINE C2 - 15175845 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kanis, J.A.; WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. 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A British cohort study (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 624-629; Klotzbeucher, C.M., Ross, P.D., Landsman, P.B., Abbot, T.A., Berger, M., Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: A summary of the literature and statistical synthesis (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 721-739; (2002) Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment, , Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain, National Osteoporosis Society and Royal College of Physicians. Royal College of Physicians, London; Delmas, P.D., Eastell, R., Garnero, P., Seibel, M.J., Stepan, J., The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis (2000) Osteoporos Int [Suppl 6], 11, pp. S2-S17 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19944432683&doi=10.1007%2fs00198-004-1640-3&partnerID=40&md5=422f6f167d979c3fc8f33039314462da ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in diet and physical activity in the 1990s in a large British sample (1958 birth cohort) T2 - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 56 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602032 SN - 09543007 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Manor, O. AU - Power, C. AD - Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Public Health/Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Objectives: To investigate whether adults studied in 1991 and 1999 (at ages 33 and 42 y) improved their diet and their physical activity level, in the direction of recommendations issued during the same period. Design: Longitudinal 1958 British birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births, 3rd-9th March, 1958. A minimum of 11 341 participants provided data at 33y, 11 361 at 42 y. Main outcome measures: Frequency of leisure time activity and consumption of (i) fried food, (ii) chips, (iii) wholemeal bread and (iv) fruit and salad/raw vegetables, at 33 and 42 y. Results: Most people changed their physical activity and dietary habits over the 8-y period. About a third of men and women increased, and a third decreased their activity frequency. Findings for fried food consumption were similar. A significantly greater proportion of cohort members decreased their chips consumption (32%), rather than increased it (17%) and increased their fruit and salad consumption (30%), rather than decreased it (25%). In all, 26% of men and 33% of women consistently ate, or switched to eating mostly wholemeal bread, while 56% of men and 48% of women consistently ate less or switched to eating less. Social gradients were seen for activity and diet in 1991, but associations between social factors or body mass index and change in activity or diet were inconsistent. Conclusions: Lifestyle habits such as dietary intake and physical activity are slow to change. Current health promotion strategies may need to be supplemented with additional methods to affect the desired change in these habits. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Cohort study KW - Diet KW - Physical activity KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - bread KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - dietary intake KW - eating habit KW - feeding behavior KW - female KW - food intake KW - fruit KW - frying KW - health promotion KW - human KW - leisure KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - meal KW - physical activity KW - raw food KW - sex ratio KW - social aspect KW - United Kingdom KW - vegetable KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Food Habits KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Promotion KW - Humans KW - Leisure Activities KW - Male KW - Sex Distribution N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJCNE C2 - 15266307 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parsons, T.J.; Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom; email: t.parsons@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical Data Analysis, , New York: Wiley; A report on activity patterns and fitness levels (1992), Allied Dunbar Health and Fitness Survey London: Sports Council and Health Education Authority; American College of Sports Medicine position stand. 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KJ Rothman & S Greenland, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12144267940&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ejcn.1602032&partnerID=40&md5=43c78bb6873a062ce57feff04fdfbd13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth prevalence and survival in cystic fibrosis: A national cohort study in the Netherlands T2 - Chest J2 - Chest VL - 128 IS - 4 SP - 2309 EP - 2315 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1378/chest.128.4.2309 SN - 00123692 (ISSN) AU - Slieker, M.G. AU - Uiterwaal, C.S.P.M. AU - Sinaasappel, M. AU - Heijerman, H.G.M. AU - Van Laag, J.D. AU - Van Der Ent, C.K. AD - Cystic Fibrosis Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands AD - Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands AD - Department of Pediatric Gastro-Enterology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands AD - Cystic Fibrosis Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands AB - Background: Birth prevalence and survival in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Netherlands were last investigated > 30 years ago. However, since then the birth prevalence may have decreased because of genetic counseling and an increased number of newborns of non-European descent. Although survival of CF patients has increased worldwide, a significantly lower median age at death was recently reported in the Netherlands compared with data from the United States. Objectives: To analyze birth prevalence and survival in CF patients in the Netherlands, and to compare this survival data with US CF data. Design: Survey of all CF patients living in the Netherlands, and analysis of Dutch CF mortality statistics using data from the Dutch central statistics office, Statistics Netherlands (Voorburg, the Netherlands), and a comparison with Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (Bethesda, MD) patient registry data. Setting: All CF centers in the Netherlands and the United States. Participants: All CF patients treated in the Netherlands on January 1, 2001, and all persons who died of CF between 1974 and 2000, and an equivalent US population. Measurements: Birth prevalence and birth cohort-specific survival. Results: The overall birth prevalence of CF for 1974 to 1994 was 1 in 4,750 live births, which is a considerable decrease compared with 1961 to 1965 (1 in 3,600 live births). Estimated survival to 30 years increased from 6% in the 1950-to-1954 cohort, to 36% in the 1970-to-1973 cohort. Exact survival could be calculated from 1974 onwards. Survival to 15 years increased from 72% from the 1974-to-1979 cohort, to 91% in the 1985-to-1989 cohort. Survival in the United States in the 1980-to-1984 cohort was better compared to the Netherlands, but this difference has disappeared over subsequent cohorts. Conclusions: The actual birth prevalence of CF in the Netherlands is clearly lower than it was 30 years ago. Survival in CF has dramatically improved. The difference in survival between the Netherlands and the United States, as observed in the cohorts born > 20 years ago, has disappeared. KW - Birth prevalence KW - Cystic fibrosis KW - Survival KW - article KW - birth KW - cohort analysis KW - cystic fibrosis KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - Netherlands KW - newborn KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - survival rate PB - American College of Chest Physicians N1 - Cited By :47 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CHETB C2 - 16236889 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Slieker, M.G.; Cystic Fibrosis Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands; email: m.g.slieker@umcutrecht.nl N1 - References: Kate, L.P., Cystic fibrosis in the Netherlands (1977) Int J Epidemiol, 6, pp. 23-34; Mahadeva, R., Webb, K., Westerbeek, R.C., Clinical outcome in relation to care in centres specialising in cystic flbrosis: Cross sectional study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1771-1775; Merelle, M.E., Schouten, J.P., Gerritsen, J., Influence of neonatal screening and centralized treatment on long-term clinical outcome and survival of CF patients (2001) Eur Respir J, 18, pp. 306-315; Fogarty, A., Hubbard, R., Britton, J., International comparison of median age at death from cystic fibrosis (2000) Chest, 117, pp. 1656-1660; Kulich, M., Rosenfeld, M., Goss, C.H., Improved survival among young patients with cystic fibrosis (2003) J Pediatr, 142, pp. 631-636; Dodge, J.A., Morison, S., Lewis, P.A., Incidence, population, and survival of cystic fibrosis in the UK, 1968-95: UK Cystic Fibrosis Survey Management Committee (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 493-496; (2003) Patient Registry 2002 Annual Report, , Bethescla, MD: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; Lewis, P.A., Morison, S., Dodge, J.A., Survival estimates for adults with cystic fibrosis born in the United Kingdom between 1947 and 1967: The UK Cystic Fibrosis Survey Management Committee (1999) Thorax, 54, pp. 420-422; Van Der Laag, J., Sinaasappel, M., Heijerman, H.G., (1998) Diagnostiek en Behandeling Van Cystic Fibrosis, , Utrecht, the Netherlands: CBO; Statistics Netherlands, , www.statline.cbs.nl/; Kerem, E., Kaiman, Y.M., Yahav, Y., Highly variable incidence of cystic fibrosis and different mutation distribution among different Jewish ethnic groups in Israel (1995) Hum Genet, 96, pp. 193-197; Scotet, V., Audrezet, M.P., Roussey, M., Impact of public health strategies on the birth prevalence of cystic fibrosis in Brittany, France (2003) Hum Genet, 113, pp. 280-285; De Vries, H.G., Collee, J.M., De Walle, H.E., Prevalence of delta F508 cystic fibrosis carriers in the Netherlands: Logistic regression on sex, age, region of residence and number of offspring (1997) Hum Genet, 99, pp. 74-79; Farrell, P.M., Kosorok, M.R., Rock, M.J., Early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis through neonatal screening prevents severe malnutrition and improves long-term growth: Wisconsin Cystic Fibrosis Neonatal Screening Study Group (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 1-13; Gregg, R.G., Wilfond, B.S., Farrell, P.M., Application of DNA analysis in a population-screening program for neonatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF): Comparison of screening protocols (1993) Am J Hum Genet, 52, pp. 616-626; Bossi, A., Casazza, G., Padoan, R., What is the incidence of cystic fibrosis in Italy? Data from the National Registry (1988-2001) (2004) Hum Biol, 76, pp. 455-467; Mabogunje, O.A., Wang, C.I., Mahour, H., Improved survival of neonates with meconium ileus (1982) Arch Surg, 117, pp. 37-40; Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Database, , www.genet.sickkids.on.ca/cftr; Dankert-Roelse, J.E., Te Meerman, G.J., Long term prognosis of patients with cystic fibrosis in relation to early detection by neonatal screening and treatment in a cystic fibrosis centre (1995) Thorax, 50, pp. 712-718; Britton, J.R., Effects of social class, sex, and region of residence on age at death from cystic fibrosis (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 483-487; Curtis, J.R., Burke, W., Kassner, A.W., Absence of health insurance is associated with decreased life expectancy in patients with cystic fibrosis (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155, pp. 1921-1924; Bobadilla, J.L., Macek Jr., M., Fine, J.P., Cystic fibrosis: A worldwide analysis of CFTR mutations; correlation with incidence data and application to screening (2002) Hum Mutat, 19, pp. 575-606; Frederiksen, B., Lanng, S., Koch, C., Improved survival in the Danish center-treated cystic fibrosis patients: Results of aggressive treatment (1996) Pediatr Pulmonol, 21, pp. 153-158; Frederiksen, B., Koch, C., Hoiby, N., Changing epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Danish cystic fibrosis patients (1974-1995) (1999) Pediatr Pulmonol, 28, pp. 159-166; Emerson, J., Rosenfeld, M., McNamara, S., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other predictors of mortality and morbidity in young children with cystic fibrosis (2002) Pediatr Pulmonol, 34, pp. 91-100; Lewis, P.A., Inferences for health provision from survival data in cystic fibrosis (1998) Arch Dis Child, 79, pp. 297-299 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27144525477&doi=10.1378%2fchest.128.4.2309&partnerID=40&md5=095796d0a4e6d10e9a62f8c3ad2148b4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal outcomes at Bella Coola General Hospital: 1940 to 2001. T2 - Canadian journal of rural medicine : the official journal of the Society of Rural Physicians of Canada = Journal canadien de la médecine rurale : le journal officiel de la Société de médecine rurale du Canada J2 - Can J Rural Med VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 28 PY - 2005 SN - 12037796 (ISSN) AU - Thommasen, H.V. AU - Klein, M.C. AU - Mackenzie, T. AU - Grzybowski, S. AD - Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 4202 Davie Avenue, Prince George, BC, V2M 4G7 Canada. AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe perinatal outcomes (mortality, weight, condition at birth) at an isolated, rural hospital. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. Study population: Neonates born to women beyond 20 weeks' gestation who delivered in the Bella Coola General Hospital (BCGH) between Mar. 7, 1940, and June 9, 2001, inclusive. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Information collected from the labour and delivery case room record book includes Aboriginal status, date of delivery, birth weight, newborn mortality, and newborn condition at birth. RESULTS: There were 2373 deliveries, including 12 sets of twins. Total newborn mortality rates declined from approximately 4.7% in the 1940-1954 time period to 0.7% in the 1970-1984 time period and have remained near that level ever since. From 1940-1960 BCGH's perinatal mortality rate was higher than Canada's; it was lower than Canada's in the 1970s, higher in the 1980s and about the same for the 1990s. The condition of the vast majority (approximately 90%) of newborns was described as being "good" at birth. Approximately 5% of newborns had birth weights < 2500 g, and this has not changed much over the years. In the 1951-1962 time period Aboriginal women had a higher percentage (8%) of infants with birth weight < 2500 g compared with non-Aboriginal women (5%), but this percentage has declined over time to the point where the rate for both groups is now around 5%. CONCLUSIONS: Women giving birth in the low technology environment of the BCGH experienced acceptable neonatal outcomes. Trends in perinatal mortality, morbidity and low-birth-weight rates mirror those recorded for Canada. KW - American Indian KW - Apgar score KW - article KW - birth weight KW - Canada KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - general hospital KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - male KW - newborn KW - newborn disease KW - retrospective study KW - rural population KW - twins KW - Apgar Score KW - Birth Weight KW - British Columbia KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Hospitals, General KW - Humans KW - Indians, North American KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Newborn, Diseases KW - Male KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Rural Population KW - Twins N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15656920 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Thommasen, H.V. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17544378893&partnerID=40&md5=91254fb183e818b827f32394ada25d1a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influences on childhood height: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1320 EP - 1328 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh325 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Li, L. AU - Power, C. AD - Ctr. of Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. Genetics and early environment are known to influence height, but evidence is sparse on changes in these influences over time. Methods. The 1958 British birth cohort study includes all children born between March 3, 1958 and March 9, 1958, who were followed to age 41 yr, and one-third of their offspring in 1991. Childhood height in each generation (measured at 7 yr for cohort members and 4-18 yr for offspring) was converted to a standard deviation score based on the 1990 British growth reference. We used multilevel models to analyse influences on height in order to allow for the hierarchical within-family data structure. Results. Childhood height increased by 1 cm between 1958 cohort members and their offspring. Several influences on childhood height in the older generation (maternal smoking, breastfeeding, maternal age, social class, maternal education, and parental divorce) did not affect childhood height in the younger generation. Parental height was most strongly associated with childhood height and effects did not diminish between generations [adjusted increase ∼2 cm for 1 maternal or paternal height standard deviation score (SDS)]. Third- or later-borns and those with three or more siblings had deficits of 1-2 cm (adjusted estimates) in both generations. Other factors, particularly indicators of socioeconomic position, showed weaker effects in the younger generation. For example, the growth deficit of 1.1 cm (adjusted estimate) among cohort members from households with >1.5 persons/room had disappeared in the offspring. Conclusions. Within Great Britain, the adverse effects of environmental factors on childhood height have lessened between recent generation. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Britain KW - Childhood height KW - Cohort study KW - Early-life influences KW - Intergenerational comparison KW - height KW - adult KW - article KW - birth order KW - body height KW - breast feeding KW - child growth KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - divorce KW - education KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - follow up KW - genetics KW - human KW - male KW - maternal age KW - priority journal KW - reference value KW - scoring system KW - sibling KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Parents KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :39 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15358746 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Li, L.; Ctr. of Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: L.Li@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Sinclair, D.D.P., (1998) Human Growth After Birth, , 6th edn. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; Mueller, W.H., The genetics of size and shape in children and adults (1986) Human Growth, , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 663-668; Bobak, M., Kriz, B., Leon, D., Danova, J., Marmot, M., Socioeconomic factors and height of preschool children in the Czech Republic (1994) Am. J. Public Health, 84, pp. 1167-1170; Cernerud, L., Elfving, J., Social inequality in height. A comparison between 10-year-old Helsinki and Stockholm children (1995) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 23, pp. 23-27; Kromeyer, K., Hauspie, R.C., Susanne, C., Socioeconomic factors and growth during childhood and early adolescence in Jena children (1997) Ann. Hum. Biol., 24, pp. 343-353; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Early environment and child-to-adult growth trajectories in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, pp. 185-192; Takaishi, M., Secular changes in growth of Japanese children (1994) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol., 7, pp. 163-173; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 76, pp. 182-189; Cole, T.J., Secular trends in growth (2000) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 59, pp. 317-324; Cernerud, L., The association between height and some structural social variables: A study of 10-year-old children in Stockholm during 40 years (1993) Ann. Hum. Biol., 20, pp. 469-476; Prebeg, Z., Changes in growth patterns in Zagreb school children related to socio-economic background over the period 1973-1991 (1998) Ann. Hum. Biol., 25, pp. 425-439; Kuh, D.L., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol., 20, pp. 1001-1009; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups: An overview of 10 European countries (2000) Ann. Hum. Biol., 27, pp. 407-421; Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., Lahelma, E., Koskenvuo, M., Relative effect of genetic and environmental factors on body height: Differences across birth cohorts among Finnish men and women (2000) Am. J. Public Health, 90, pp. 627-630; (1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994, 1. , UK Office for National Statistics; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children. Results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Med. Bull., 37, pp. 265-272; Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; (1994), Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education. National Child Development Study composite file including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive [distributor]. SN:3148; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1094-1101; Freeman, J.V., Cole, T.J., Chinn, S., Jones, P.R., White, E.M., Preece, M.A., Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch. Dis. Child, 73, pp. 17-24; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 2nd edn. NewYork: John Wiley & Sons Inc; Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann. Hum. Biol., 7, pp. 307-322; Rona, R.J., A surveillance system of growth in Britain (1989) Auxology '88. Perspectives in the Science of Growth and Development, , Tanner J, (ed.). Selected Papers from the Fifth International Auxology Congress. Exeter UK, July 1988. London: Smith-Gordon (Nishiura); Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth, , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; (1991) Social Trends, 21. , Central Statistical Office; (1991) Mortality Statistics. Perinatal and Infant: Social and Biological Factors 1991, , OPCS. Series DH3 no. 25. London: HMSO; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Are inequalities in height narrowing? Comparing effects of social class on height in two generations Arch. Dis. Child, , in press; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Herngreen, W.P., van Buuren, S., van Wieringen, J.C., Reerink, J.D., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Ruys, J.H., Growth in length and weight from birth to 2 years of a representative sample of Netherlands children (born in 1988-89) related to socioeconomic status and other background characteristics (1994) Ann. Hum. Biol., 21, pp. 449-463; Ong, K.K., Preece, M.A., Emmett, P.M., Ahmed, M.L., Dunger, D.B., Size at birth and early childhood growth in relation to maternal smoking, parity and infant breast-feeding: Longitudinal birth cohort study and analysis (2002) Pediatr. Res., 52, pp. 863-867; Prentice, A., Cole, T.J., Whitehead, R.G., Impaired growth in infants born to mothers of very high parity (1987) Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr., 41, pp. 319-325; Cooper, J., Jones, C., Estimates of the numbers of first, second, third, and higher order births (1992) Popul. Rends., 70, pp. 8-14; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Teranishi, H., Nakagawa, H., Marmot, M., Social class difference in catch up growth in a national British cohort (2001) Arch. Dis. Child, 84, pp. 218-221; Martin, R.M., Smith, G.D., Mangtani, P., Frankel, S., Gunnell, D., Association between breast feeding and growth: The Boyd-Orr cohort study (2002) Arch. Dis. Child (Fetal Neonatal Ed.), 87, pp. F193-F201; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Breast feeding and child development at five years (1984) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 26, pp. 73-80; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.G., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 326-330; Cernerud, L., Differences in height between socially more and less privileged 10 year old Stockholm children born in 1933-1963 (1992) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 20, pp. 5-10; Bielicki, T., Malina, R.M., Waliszko, H., Monitoring the dynamic of social stratification: Statural variation among Polish conscripts in 1976 and 1986 (1992) Am. J. Hum. Biol., 4, pp. 345-352 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344267888&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh325&partnerID=40&md5=ac3c015a97f2ebeae1d7893de5ebea79 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lack of change in birthweights of infants by generational status among Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black Caribbean, and Black African mothers in a British cohort study T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1279 EP - 1285 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh186 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Harding, S. AU - Rosato, M.G. AU - Cruickshank, J.K. AD - MRC Social/Public Hlth. Science Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Queens University, Belfast BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom AD - Clinical Epidemiology Group, Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, University of Manchester Med. School, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom AB - Aim. To test the hypothesis that an intergenerational increase would occur in birthweights of babies born to UK-born compared with overseas-born (migrant) minority women. Method. Live singleton births to mothers present at the 1991 Census in a national longitudinal study were classified by mother's country of birth and ethnic origin as reported in the census. During 1983-2000, 52 554 White, 1788 Indian, 1538 Pakistani, 995 Bangladeshi, 300 Black Caribbean, and 299 Black African live singleton births were identified. Mean birthweights were adjusted for maternal age, socio-economic circumstances, gender, year of birth, and birth order. Results. Adjusted mean birthweights were: 3400 g (95% CI: 3395, 3405) for infants of UK-born White mothers; 3033 g (95% CI: 2980, 3087) of UK-born Indian mothers and 3066 g (95% CI: 3034, 3097) of migrant Indian mothers; 3110 g (95% CI: 3049, 3172) of UK-born Pakistani mothers and 3123 g (95% CI: 3087, 3159) of migrant Pakistani mothers; 3026 g (95% CI: 2922, 3130) of UK-born Bangladeshi mothers and 3110 g (95% CI: 3076, 3145) of migrant Bangladeshi mothers; 3268 g (95% CI: 3177, 3359) of UK-born Black Caribbean mothers and 3238 g (95% CI: 3089, 3388) of migrant Black Caribbean mothers; and 3167 g (95% CI: 3004, 3330) of UK-born Black African mothers and 3302 g (95% CI: 3208, 3395) of migrant Black African mothers. The proportions of low birthweight infants (< 2500 g), generally greater among migrant mothers than White UK-born mothers, were similar by generational status within the ethnic groups. Conclusion. There are no significant differences in mean birthweights of infants by generational status among mothers from these main ethnic minority groups in the UK. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Birthweights KW - Ethnicity KW - Generational status KW - ethnic minority KW - African Caribbean KW - article KW - Bangladesh KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - ethnic difference KW - ethnic group KW - gender KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - hypothesis KW - Indian KW - infant KW - longitudinal study KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - maternal age KW - migration KW - Negro KW - Pakistan KW - priority journal KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Africa KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Bangladesh KW - Birth Weight KW - Caribbean Region KW - Cohort Studies KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - India KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pakistan KW - Transients and Migrants N1 - Cited By :54 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15155695 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Harding, S.; MRC Social/Public Hlth. Science Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom; email: seeromanie@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Birth Statistics (2000) Review of the Registrar General on Births and Patterns of Family Building in England and Wales, , Series FM1 no. 29. London: Office for National Statistics; Mortality Statistics: Childhood, infant and perinatal, England and Wales (2002) Review of the Registrar General on Deaths in England and Wales, 2000, , Series DH3, No 33. London: The Stationary Office; Pallotto, E.K., Collins, J.W., David, R., Enigma of maternal race and infant birth weight: A population-based study of US-born Black & Caribbean-born Black women (2000) Am. J. 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Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; Emanuel, I., Leisenring, W., Williams, M.A., The Washington State Intergenerational Study of Birth Outcomes: Methodology and some comparisons of maternal birthweight and infant birth weight and gestation in four ethnic groups (1999) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 352-371; Costa, D.L., Race and pregnancy outcomes in the twentieth century: A long-term comparison (2003), NBER Working Paper no.9593 (www.nber.org/confer/2003/daes03/costa.pdf)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344308165&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh186&partnerID=40&md5=ac25c0bf80916ba79884535904d95817 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epidemiology of childhood fractures in Britain: A study using the general practice research database T2 - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research J2 - J. Bone Miner. Res. VL - 19 IS - 12 SP - 1976 EP - 1981 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1359/JBMR.040902 SN - 08840431 (ISSN) AU - Cooper, C. AU - Dennison, E.M. AU - Leufkens, H.G.M. AU - Bishop, N. AU - Van Staa, T.P. AD - MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom AD - Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands AD - Academic Child Health, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom AD - Division of Pharmacoepidemiology, Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Staines, United Kingdom AD - Procter and Gamble, United Kingdom AD - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom AB - A population-based British cohort study, including ∼6% of the population, was used to derive age- and sex-specific incidence rates of fractures during childhood. Fractures were more common among boys than girls, with peak incidences at 14 and 11 years of age, respectively. At childhood peak, incidence rates were only surpassed later in life at 85 years of age among women and never among men. Introduction: Fractures account for 25% of accidents and injuries in childhood; however, the descriptive epidemiology of childhood fractures remains uncertain. Materials and Methods: Age- and sex-specific incidence rates for fractures at various skeletal sites were derived from the General Practice Research Database (a population-based British cohort containing computerized medical records of ∼7,000,000 residents) between 1988 and 1998. Results: A total of 52,624 boys and 31,505 girls sustained one or more fractures over the follow-up period, for a rate of 133.1/10,000 person-years. Fractures were more common in boys (161.6/10,000 person-years) than girls (102.9/10,000 person-years). The most common fracture in both sexes was that of the radius/ulna (30%). Fracture incidence was greater among boys than girls at all ages, with the peak incidence at 14 years of age among boys and 11 years of age among girls. Marked geographic variation was observed in standardized fracture incidence, with significantly (p < 0.01) higher rates observed in Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland compared with southeast England. Conclusions: Fractures are a common problem in childhood, with around one-third of boys and girls sustaining at least one fracture before 17 years of age. Rates are higher among boys than girls, and male incidence rates peak later than those among females. At their childhood peak, the incidence of fractures (boys, 3%; girls, 1.5%) is only surpassed at 85 years of age among women and never among men. The most common site affected in both genders is the radius/ulna. Studies to clarify the pathogenesis of these fractures, emphasizing bone fragility, are now required. © 2004 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KW - Childhood KW - Epidemiology KW - Fracture KW - Osteoporosis KW - article KW - child KW - childhood injury KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - incidence KW - information retrieval KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical record KW - patient information KW - population research KW - radius fracture KW - sex difference KW - ulna fracture KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - data base KW - fracture KW - infant KW - middle aged KW - newborn KW - pathology KW - preschool child KW - radius KW - time KW - topography KW - ulna KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Databases KW - Female KW - Fractures, Bone KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Radius KW - Sex Factors KW - Time Factors KW - Topography, Medical KW - Ulna N1 - Cited By :270 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBMRE C2 - 15537440 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cooper, C.; MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; email: cc@mrc.soton.ac.uk N1 - References: Landin, L.A., Fracture patterns in children (1983) Acta Orthop Scand Suppl, 54, pp. 1-109; Houshian, S., Mehdi, B., Larsen, M.S., The epidemiology of elbow fracture in children: Analysis of 355 fractures, with special reference to supracondylar humerus fractures (2001) J Orthop Science, 6, pp. 312-315; Hinton, R.Y., Lincoln, A., Crockett, M.M., Sponseller, P., Smith, G., Fractures of the femoral shaft in children. Incidence, mechanisms, and sociodemographic risk factors (1999) Patient Care Manage, 81, pp. 500-509; Walley, T., Mantgani, A., The UK general practice research database (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1097-1099; Jick, H., Jick, S.S., Derby, L.E., Validation of information recorded on general practitioner based computerised data resource in the United Kingdom (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 766-768; Van Staa, T.P., Abenhaim, L., The quality of information recorded on a UK database of primary care records: A study of hospitalization due to hypoglycaemia and other conditions (1994) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 3, pp. 15-21; Van Staa, T.P., Abehaim, L., Cooper, C., Begaud, B., Zhang, B., Leufkens, H.G.M., The use of a large pharmaco-epidemiological database to study exposure to oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures: Validation of study population and results (2000) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 9, pp. 359-366; Van Staa, T.P., Cooper, C., Leufkens, H.G.M., Bishop, N., Children and the risk of fractures caused by oral corticosteroids (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, pp. 913-918; Larsen, C.F., Brondum, V., Skov, O., Epidemiology of scaphoid fractures in Odense, Denmark (1992) Acta Orthop Scand, 63, pp. 216-218; Horak, J., Nilsson, B.E., Epidemiology of fracture of the upper end of the humerus (1975) Clin Orthop, 112, pp. 250-253; Jensen, S.L., Andresen, B.K., Mencke, S., Nielsen, P.T., Epidemiology of ankle fractures (1998) Acta Orthop Scand, 69, pp. 48-50; Emami, A., Mjoberg, B., Ragnarsson, B., Larsson, S., Changing epidemiology of tibial shaft fractures (1996) Acta Orthop Scand, 67, pp. 557-561; Tytherleigh-Strong, G., Walls, N., McQueen, M.M., The epidemiology of humeral shaft fractures (1998) J Bone Joint Surg Br, 80, pp. 249-253; Buhr, A.J., Cooke, A.M., Fracture patterns (1959) Lancet, 1, pp. 531-536; Jones, I.E., Taylor, R.W., Williams, S.M., Manning, P.J., Goulding, A., Four-year gain in bone mineral in girls with and without past forearm fractures: A DXA study. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (2002) J Bone Miner Res, 17, pp. 1065-1072; Landin, L., Nilsson, B.E., Bone mineral content in children with fractures (1983) Clin Orthop, 178, pp. 292-296; Rizzoli, R., Bonjour, J.-P., Ferrari, S.L., Osteoporosis, genetics and hormones (2001) J Mol Endocrinol, 26, pp. 79-94; Rockwood Jr., C.A., Wilkins, K.E., The present status of children's fractures (2001) Fractures in Children, 5th Ed., pp. 6-19. , Bealy JH, Kassem JR (eds.) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, NY, USA; Acheson, D., (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report, , The Stationery Office, London, UK; Khosla, S., Melton III, L.J., Dekutoski, M.B., Achenbach, S.J., Oberg, A.L., Riggs, D.L., Incidence of childhood distal forearm fractures over 30 years: A population-based study (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 1479-1485 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21644455059&doi=10.1359%2fJBMR.040902&partnerID=40&md5=9bdf1663c4a99cf7a34cf595aed89cf9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The worldwide epidemiology of Kawasaki disease T2 - Progress in Pediatric Cardiology J2 - Prog. Pediatr. Cardiol. VL - 19 IS - 2 SPEC.ISS. SP - 99 EP - 108 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2004.08.002 SN - 10589813 (ISSN) AU - Nakamura, Y. AU - Yanagawa, H. AD - Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, T., Japan AD - Saitama Prefectural University, Japan, Japan AB - The academic papers concerning Kawasaki disease are reviewed in this article from an epidemiologic view point. In Japan, 17 nationwide surveys have been conducted every 2 years since 1970 and 186,069 patients have been registered. Age (the age-specific incidence rate expressed by a single-peak curve with the peak representing 9-11-month-old infants; 81.7% aged under 4 years) and sex (male/female ratio=1.4) distributions were revealed. Although no nationwide outbreak has been observed since the outbreak in 1986, the incidence rate has gradually increased over the last 16 years. The disease has been reported in more than 60 countries around the world and some countries have experienced epidemics in addition to Japan. Although several case-control studies showed suspected risk factors such as rug shampoo and living near a body of water, these have not been confirmed. Follow-up of persons with a history of the disease is now disclosing the long-term prognosis of the disease. The following five aspects of the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease are proposed: (1) continuing the nationwide surveys in Japan and other countries, (2) continuing the follow-up studies, (3) coping with an outbreak, (4) discussing a new etiologic theory with epidemiologic data and (5) descriptive epidemiology in countries other than Japan. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Case-control studies KW - Data collection KW - Epidemiology KW - Follow-up studies KW - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome KW - age distribution KW - Australia KW - Barbados KW - China KW - Denmark KW - disease course KW - epidemic KW - epidemiological data KW - Finland KW - follow up KW - France KW - health survey KW - heart disease KW - human KW - incidence KW - Italy KW - Jamaica KW - Japan KW - Mexico KW - mortality KW - mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome KW - New Zealand KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - recurrent disease KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - Saudi Arabia KW - sex difference KW - Singapore KW - South Africa KW - Spain KW - Sweden KW - Taiwan KW - Thailand KW - United Kingdom KW - United States N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPCAF LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, T.Japan; email: nakamuyk@jichi.ac.jp N1 - References: Yanagawa Nakamura Yashiro, M.Y.H., Kawasaki, T., (2004) Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease: A 30-year Achievement, , Shindan-To-Chiryosha Tokyo; (1970) The diagnostic guidelines of Kawasaki disease, , Japanese Kawasaki Disease Research Committee 1st ed; Yanagawa, H., Sonobe, T., Changes in the diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease (2004) Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease: A 30-year Achievement, pp. 24-32. , H. 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Pediatr., 128, pp. 75-81; Nakamura, Y., Yanagawa, H., Kato, H., Harada, K., Kawasaki, T., Mortality among patients with a history of Kawasaki disease: The third look (1998) Acta Paediatr. Jpn., 40, pp. 419-423; Nakamura, Y., Yanagawa, H., Harada Kato, H., Kawasaki, T., Mortality among persons with a history of Kawasaki disease in Japan: Existence of cardiac sequelae elevated the mortality (2000) J. Epidemiol., 10, pp. 372-375; Nakamura, Y., Yanagawa, H., Harada, K., Kato, H., Kawasaki, T., Mortality among persons with a history of Kawasaki disease in Japan: The fifth look (2002) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 156, pp. 162-165 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8444243637&doi=10.1016%2fj.ppedcard.2004.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=57eda10ad70c9a3eb22ad890ae6a929b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schooling, socioeconomic context and literacy development T2 - Educational Psychology J2 - Educ. Psychol. VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 867 EP - 883 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/0144341042000271746 SN - 01443410 (ISSN) AU - D'Angiulli, A. AU - Siegel, L.S. AU - Hertzman, C. AD - University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops, BC, Canada AD - University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada AD - Research Centre, University College of Cariboo, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada AB - This longitudinal study examined the relationship between schooling, literacy development, and socioeconomic context, as reflected by a composite measure of socioeconomic status (SES). Reading, spelling, and phonological abilities were assessed from kindergarten to grade three in Canadian children in a school district with intensive literacy activities. In kindergarten, there were significant associations between SES and all the abilities assessed but these associations declined systematically to non-significant levels by grade three. Risk and prevalence of reading failure also decreased with more schooling. The results suggest that the attenuation of the association between SES and literacy-related skills, and the progressive reduction of the risk for reading failure, were positive outcomes associated with the literacy school program, especially in the early grades. N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: D'Angiulli, A.; Research Centre, University College of Cariboo, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada; email: adangiulli@cariboo.bc.ca N1 - Funding text: We thank the students, principals, staff, and teachers of North Vancouver School District, Robin Brayne, Mike Rockwell, Penny King, Jason Curteis, and Baragar Demographics. We thank the Human Early Learning Partnership, Sidney McLean, and Stefania Maggi. We thank Dafna Kohen and Jim Dunn for comments on earlier drafts. We acknowledge funding from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council to L. S. 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P. Keating & C. Hertzman (Eds.). New York: The Guilford Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644235992&doi=10.1080%2f0144341042000271746&partnerID=40&md5=f6bd3dc3c9466a4e0ab4c9752a5055ad ER - TY - CONF TI - Ground penetrating radar and its use in forest road stability analysis C3 - Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004 J2 - Proc. Tenth Int. Conf. Ground Penetrating Radar GPR VL - 2 SP - 639 EP - 642 PY - 2004 SN - 9090179593 (ISBN) AU - Ékes, C. AU - Friele, P. AD - Terraprobe Geoscience Corp., 5210 Sunningdale Rd, Burnaby, BC V5B 1M5, Canada AD - Baumann Engineering, Box 612, Squamish, BC VON 3G0, Canada AB - Two case studies are presented where GPR was used as the chief investigative tool to understand the underlying cause for road failures as they relate to fill slope stability in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. 1. Bridge River Road: GPR was applied to map the depth of volcanic ash under a 800 m long section of the Bridge River forest service road (FSR) built in 1984. Both 50 and 100 MHz antennae reached sufficient depth penetration (8 and 16 m respectively) and provided good data quality. The thickness of the overlying volcanic ash was noted by a horizontally continuous reflection pattern. The results indicated a variable thickness of ash over rocky colluvium. Comparing interpreted ash thickness with landslide locations and available geological information it was apparent that ash thickness alone was not necessarily the cause of the landslides. Steep slopes, excessive side-cast and undercutting due to wave action at the base of the fill slope all appeared to contribute to instability. GPR data, once confirmed through drilling was successfully used to find the appropriate engineering solution. 2. Zeballos Canyon Road: GPR was used to delineate the contact between the road fill and the underlying bench on a section of the Zeballos Canyon FSR built in 1970. Recent fill slope failures suggested the potential for more extensive instability. The purpose of the study was to assess the extent of benching in the road prism and the thickness of fill material along a 1570 m long section of the road using GPR and field observations. Two profiles along the alignment and 53 cross sections were surveyed at 30 meter intervals with 100 MHz antennae. Radar interpretation was based on identifying characteristic reflection patterns. Bedrock depth was interpreted based on identifying. 1) a hyperbolic and 2) a strong, discontinuous, surface parallel reflection pattern. By comparing the GPR profiles with detailed topographic cross-sections, we were able to make specific recommendations for follow up work. The effective use of GPR requires an interdisciplinary approach, combining geophysics, terrain analysis, and road engineering. Bringing these skill sets together, these case studies demonstrate that GPR is an efficient, non-destructive and cost effective tool in characterising the nature of slope stability problems as they relate to road construction in the forestry geotechnical sector. KW - Forestry geotechnical sector KW - Ground penetrating radar (GPR) KW - Road construction KW - Slope stability KW - Bridges KW - Geophysics KW - Landslides KW - Maps KW - Rivers KW - Road construction KW - Slope stability KW - Forest geotechnical sector KW - Forest service road (FSR) KW - Geological information KW - Slope reconstruction KW - Ground penetrating radar systems A2 - Slob E. A2 - Yarovoy A. A2 - Rhebergen J.B. T2 - Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004 Y2 - 21 June 2004 through 24 June 2004 CY - Delft N1 - Conference code: 64540 N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ékes, C.; Terraprobe Geoscience Corp., 5210 Sunningdale Rd, Burnaby, BC V5B 1M5, Canada; email: gpr@terraprobe.com N1 - References: Ryder, J.M., Geomorphology of the southern part of the Coast mountains of British Columbia (1981) Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N.F. Supplementband, 37, pp. 120-147; Martin, Y., Rood, K., Schwab, J.W., Church, M., Sediment transfer by shallow landsliding in the Queen charlotte Islands, British Columbia (2002) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39, pp. 189-205; Jakob, M., The impacts of logging on landslide activity at clayoquot sound (2000) Catena, 38, pp. 279-300. , British Columbia; Guthrie, R.H., The effects of logging on frequency and distribution of landslides in three watersheds on Vancouver Island (2002) Geomorphology, 43, pp. 273-292 A4 - TNO-FEL, The Netherlands; Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc., USA; 3D Radar-AS, Norway; Allied Associates, UK; Ingegneria dei Sistemi-SPA, Italy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16244417832&partnerID=40&md5=4421847e3db3fab590d4731c11919b60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence from data searches and life-table analyses for gender-related differences in absolute risk of hip fracture after Colles' or spine fracture: Colles' fracture as an early and sensitive marker of skeletal fragility in white men T2 - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research J2 - J. Bone Miner. Res. VL - 19 IS - 12 SP - 1933 EP - 1944 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1359/JBMR.040917 SN - 08840431 (ISSN) AU - Haentjens, P. AU - Johnell, O. AU - Kanis, J.A. AU - Bouillon, R. AU - Cooper, C. AU - Lamraski, G. AU - Vanderschueren, D. AU - Kaufman, J.-M. AU - Boonen, S. AD - Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium AD - Malmö Hospital, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden AD - WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom AD - Leuven University, Division of Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium AD - Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium AD - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom AD - Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium AD - Division of Geriatric Medicine, Leuven University, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium AD - Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium AB - Based on data searches and life-table analyses, we determined the long-term (remaining lifetime) and short-term (10- and 5-year) absolute risks of hip fracture after sustaining a Colles' or spine fracture and searched for potential gender-related differences. In aging men, Colles' fractures carry a higher absolute risk for hip fracture than spinal fractures in contrast to women. These findings support the concept that forearm fracture is an early and sensitive marker of male skeletal fragility. Introduction: Colles' fracture occurrence has been largely ignored in public health approaches to identify target populations at risk for hip fracture. The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term and short-term absolute risks of hip fracture after sustaining a Colles' or spine fracture and to search for potential gender-related differences in the relationship between fracture history and future fracture risk. Materials and Methods: To determine the long-term (remaining lifetime) and short-term (10- and 5-year) absolute risks of hip fracture, we applied life-table methods using U.S. age- and sex-specific hip fracture incidence rates, U.S. age-specific mortality rates for white women and men, pooled hazard ratios for mortality after Colles' and spine fracture, and pooled relative risks for hip fracture after Colles' and spine fracture, estimated from cohort studies by standard meta-analytic methods. Results: Our results indicate that the estimated remaining lifetime risks are dependent on age in both genders. In women, remaining lifetime risks increase until the age of 80 years, when they start to decline because of the competing probabilities of fracture and death. The same pattern is found in men until the age of 85 years, the increment in lifetime risk being even more pronounced. As expected, the risk of sustaining a hip fracture was found to be higher in postmenopausal women with a previous spine fracture compared with those with a history of Colles' fracture. In men, on the other hand, the prospective association between fracture history and subsequent hip fracture risk seemed to be strongest for Colles' fracture. At the age of 50, for example, the remaining lifetime risk was 13% in women with a previous Colles' fracture compared with 15% in the context of a previous spine fracture and 9% among women of the general population. In men at the age of 50 years, the corresponding risk estimates were 8%, 6%, and 3%, respectively. Similar trends were observed when calculating 5- and 10-year risks. Conclusions: In aging men, Colles' fractures carry a higher absolute risk for hip fracture than spinal fractures in contrast to women. These findings support the concept that forearm fracture is an early and sensitive marker of male skeletal fragility. The gender-related differences reported in this analysis should be taken into account when designing screening and treatment strategies for prevention of hip fracture in men. © 2004 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KW - Absolute risk KW - Colles' fracture KW - Hip fracture KW - Spine fracture KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - Colles fracture KW - controlled study KW - disease marker KW - early diagnosis KW - female KW - fragility fracture KW - health survey KW - hip fracture KW - human KW - life table KW - lifespan KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - postmenopause KW - postmenopause osteoporosis KW - probability KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - sample size KW - screening test KW - sex difference KW - spine fracture KW - age KW - aged KW - aging KW - bone KW - Colles fracture KW - hip fracture KW - life table KW - middle aged KW - osteoporosis KW - pathology KW - risk KW - sex difference KW - spine fracture KW - time KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Aging KW - Bone and Bones KW - Colles' Fracture KW - Female KW - Hip Fractures KW - Humans KW - Life Tables KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Osteoporosis KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal KW - Risk KW - Sex Factors KW - Spinal Fractures KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :59 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBMRE C2 - 15537435 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Boonen, S.; Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; email: steven.boonen@uz.kuleuven.ac.be N1 - References: Haentjens, P., Autier, P., Barette, M., Boonen, S., The economic cost of hip fractures among elderly women. 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J. Cancer VL - 91 IS - 11 SP - 1858 EP - 1865 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602220 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Nagarajan, R. AU - Clohisy, D.R. AU - Neglia, J.P. AU - Yasui, Y. AU - Mitby, P.A. AU - Sklar, C. AU - Finklestein, J.Z. AU - Greenberg, M. AU - Reaman, G.H. AU - Zeltzer, L. AU - Robison, L.L. AD - Div. Pediat. Epidemiol./Clin. Res., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St, SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States AD - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware St., SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States AD - Div. Hematol./Oncol./Blood/Marrow T., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St, SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States AD - Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Res. Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, United States AD - Department of Pediatrics, Mem. Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, United States AD - Dept. of Pediat. Hematology/Oncology, J. J. Children Cancers Cancer Ctr., 2653 Elm Ave, Long Beach, CA 90806, United States AD - Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ont. M5G1X8, Canada AD - Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States AD - Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California at Los Angels, #22-464 MDCC, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States AB - Limb-sparing surgeries have been performed more frequently than amputation based on the belief that limb-sparing surgeries provide improved function and quality-of-life (QOL). However, this has not been extensively studied in the paediatric population, which has unique characteristics that have implications for function and QOL. Using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, 528 adult long-term survivors of pediatric lower extremity bone tumours, diagnosed between 1970 and 1986, were contacted and completed questionnaries assessing function and QOL. Survivors were an average of 21 years from diagnosis with an average age of 35 years. Overall they reported excellent function and QOL Compared to those who had a limb-sparing procedure, amputees were not more likely to have lower function and QOL scores and self-perception of disability included general health status, lower educational attainment, older age and female gender. Findings from this study suggest that, over time, amputees do as well as those who underwent limb-sparing surgeries between 1970 and 1986. However, female gender, lower educational attainment and older current age appear to influence function, QOL and disability. © 2004 Cancer Research UK. KW - Bone tumour KW - Ewing's sarcoma KW - Function KW - Lower extremity KW - Osteosarcoma KW - Quality of life KW - adult KW - amputation KW - arthrodesis KW - article KW - bone tumor KW - cancer survival KW - childhood cancer KW - cohort analysis KW - endoprosthesis KW - Ewing sarcoma KW - female KW - femur KW - functional assessment KW - health status KW - human KW - limb salvage KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - osteosarcoma KW - pelvis cancer KW - physical disability KW - priority journal KW - quality of life KW - Quality of Life for Cancer Survivors KW - questionnaire KW - rating scale KW - scoring system KW - self evaluation KW - tibia KW - Toronto Extremity Salvage Score KW - treatment outcome KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Amputees KW - Bone Neoplasms KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Education KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Lower Extremity KW - Male KW - Osteosarcoma KW - Pelvis KW - Quality of Life KW - Sarcoma, Ewing's KW - Survivors N1 - Cited By :93 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJCAA C2 - 15534610 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Nagarajan, R.; Div. 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J. Health Geogr. VL - 3 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1186/1476-072X-3-27 SN - 1476072X (ISSN) AU - Rose, K.M. AU - Wood, J.L. AU - Knowles, S. AU - Pollitt, R.A. AU - Whitsel, E.A. AU - Diez Roux, A.V. AU - Yoon, D. AU - Heiss, G. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AD - Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AD - The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States AD - Dept. of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States AB - Background: There is evidence of a contribution of early life socioeconomic exposures to the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. However, extant studies investigating the impact of the neighborhood social environment on health tend to characterize only the current social environment. This in part may be due to complexities involved in obtaining and geocoding historical addresses. The Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Social Context, and Cardiovascular Disease Study collected information on childhood (1930-1950) and early adulthood (1960-1980) place of residence from 12,681 black and white middle-aged and older men and women from four U.S. communities to link participants with census-based socioeconomic indicators over the life course. Results: Most (99%) participants were linked to 1930-50 county level socioeconomic census data (the smallest level of aggregation universally available during this time period) corresponding to childhood place of residence. Linkage did not vary by race, gender, birth cohort, or level of educational attainment. A commercial geocoding vendor processed participants' self-reported street addresses for ages 30, 40, and 50. For 1970 and 1980 censuses, spatial coordinates were overlaid onto shape files containing census tract boundaries; for 1960 no shape files existed and comparability files were used. Several methods were tested for accuracy and to increase linkage. Successful linkage to historical census tracts varied by census (66% for 1960, 76% for 1970, 85% for 1980). This compares to linkage rates of 94% for current addresses provided by participants over the course of the ARIC examinations. Conclusion: There are complexities and limitations in characterizing the past social context. However, our results suggest that it is feasible to characterize the earlier social environment with known levels of measurement error and that such an approach should be considered in future studies. © 2004 Rose et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C7 - 27 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rose, K.M.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; email: kathryn-rose@unc.edu N1 - References: Diez-Roux, A.V., Merkin, S.S., Arnett, D., Chambless, L., Massing, M., Nieto, F.J., Sorlie, P., Watson, R.L., Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease (2001) N. Engl. J. Med., 345, pp. 99-106; Diez-Roux, A.V., Nieto, F.J., Caulfield, L., Tyroler, H.A., Watson, R.L., Szklo, M., Neighborhood differences in diet: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (1999) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 53, pp. 55-63; Diez-Roux, A.V., Nieto, F.J., Muntaner, C., Tyroler, H.A., Comstock, G.W., Shahar, E., Cooper, L.S., Szklo, M., Neighborhood environments and coronary heart disease: A multilevel analysis (1997) Am. J. 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Public Health, 92, pp. 1768-1772; Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Social Context and Cardiovascular Disease (LC-SES) Study, Census Tract SES http://www.lifecourseepi.info/lifecourse2/census/; The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: Design and objectives (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, pp. 687-702. , ARIC Investigators; Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Social Context and Cardiovascular Disease (LC-SES) Study http://www.lifecourseepi.info; (1970) Census Tracts, No 1-241, Table A U.S, 1. , U.S. Bureau of the Census Government Printing Office, Washington D.C; Census of Housing, U.S. Bureau of the Census: 1961-1963: Volume 3 (1960), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.CUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13144273786&doi=10.1186%2f1476-072X-3-27&partnerID=40&md5=210b5c6666ac0686237538a85855bd03 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of congenital colour vision deficiency on education and unintentional injuries: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 329 IS - 7474 SP - 1074 EP - 1075 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1136/bmj.38176.685208.F7 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Cumberland, P. AU - Rahi, J.S. AU - Peckham, C.S. AD - C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom KW - academic achievement KW - accident KW - adaptation KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - color vision defect KW - congenital color vision deficiency KW - education KW - female KW - genetic disorder KW - human KW - injury KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mathematics KW - occupational accident KW - priority journal KW - reading KW - screening KW - traffic accident KW - unintentional injury KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Color Vision Defects KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Risk Factors KW - Wounds and Injuries N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 15465847 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rahi, J.S.; C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: j.rahi@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: (1987) Colour Vision, pp. 1-8. , London: HMSO. (Medical series guidance notes MS7); Hofroyd, E., Hall, D.M.B., A re-appraisal of screening for colour vision impairments (1997) Child Care Health Dev, 23, pp. 391-398; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Ghodsian, M., Long-term changes in the school attainment of a national sample of children (1978) Educ Res, 20, pp. 300-305; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socio-economic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Lampe, L.M.L., Doster, M.E., Beal, B.B., Summary of three year study of academic and school achievement between color-deficient and normal primary age pupils: Phase 2 (1973) J Sch Health, 43, pp. 309-311 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8544270126&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38176.685208.F7&partnerID=40&md5=48ae8109fba8a4b714e675eb8e06d5bf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time trends in adolescent mental health T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 45 IS - 8 SP - 1350 EP - 1362 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00335.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Collishaw, S. AU - Maughan, B. AU - Goodman, R. AU - Pickles, A. AD - MRC Social Genet./Devmtl. Psychiat., Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AD - School of Epidemiology/Hlth. Science, Centre for Census/Survey Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom AB - Background: Existing evidence points to a substantial rise in psychosocial disorders affecting young people over the past 50 years (Rutter & Smith, 1995). However, there are major methodological challenges in providing conclusive answers about secular changes in disorder. Comparisons of rates of disorder at different time points are often affected by changes in diagnostic criteria, differences in assessment methods, and changes in official reporting practices. Few studies have examined this issue using the same instruments at each time point. Methods: The current study assessed the extent to which conduct, hyperactive and emotional problems have become more common over a 25-year period in three general population samples of UK adolescents. The samples used in this study were the adolescent sweeps of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 Birth Cohort Study, and the 1999 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Comparable questionnaires were completed by parents of 15-16-year-olds at each time point (1974, 1986, and 1999). Results and conclusions: Results showed a substantial increase in adolescent conduct problems over the 25-year study period that has affected males and females, all social classes and all family types. There was also evidence for a recent rise in emotional problems, but mixed evidence in relation to rates of hyperactive behaviour. Further analyses using longitudinal data from the first two cohorts showed that long-term outcomes for adolescents with conduct problems were closely similar. This provided evidence that observed trends were unaffected by possible changes in reporting thresholds. © Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004. KW - Adolescence KW - Birth cohorts KW - Mental health KW - Time trends KW - UK KW - adolescent KW - adolescent disease KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child development KW - childbirth KW - clinical study KW - cohort analysis KW - conduct disorder KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - emotional disorder KW - evidence based medicine KW - family KW - female KW - health survey KW - human KW - hyperactivity KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - outcomes research KW - parent KW - population research KW - questionnaire KW - sampling KW - social class KW - time KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity KW - Conduct Disorder KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Mood Disorders KW - Population Surveillance KW - Prevalence KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - United States N1 - Cited By :372 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPPDA C2 - 15482496 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Collishaw, S.; MRC Social Genet./Devmtl. 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AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom KW - cannabis KW - alcoholism KW - analytical error KW - birth order KW - cannabis addiction KW - case control study KW - child development KW - child parent relation KW - child psychiatry KW - cognitive defect KW - cohort analysis KW - delusion KW - dementia KW - depression KW - environmental exposure KW - habit KW - hallucination KW - heredity KW - human KW - hypothesis KW - information processing KW - life event KW - longitudinal study KW - low birth weight KW - medical literature KW - MEDLINE KW - mental disease KW - methodology KW - national health service KW - neuroscience KW - New Zealand KW - privacy KW - prospective study KW - psychoanalysis KW - psychological aspect KW - psychology KW - research ethics KW - retrospective study KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - schizophrenia KW - social aspect KW - survival KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Mental Disorders KW - Psychiatry KW - Research Design N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 15724869 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jones, P.B.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom; email: pbj21@cam.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7 N1 - References: Andréasson, S., Allebeck, P., Engström, A., Rydberg, U., Cannabis and schizophrenia. 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AU - Gray, A. AD - University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States AD - Health Economics Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AB - Background: Obtaining well-founded estimates of the effect of demographic change on future health expenditures is a pressing issue in all developed countries. Thus far, expenditure projections have examined the effect of age on health care costs, but fail to account for the influence of remaining life expectancy on costs. Objective: This paper seeks to create a more accurate projection model that considers the concentration of costs towards the end of life, and to compare this model with the more traditional approach that holds age- and sex-specific per capita expenditures constant. Methods: We used a longitudinal hospital dataset which followed 90 929 patients aged 65 and older from 1970 to death, to create an economic model of hospital costs based on patient age and time remaining to death. We then applied the model to England population projections to predict the effect of demographic changes on hospital expenditures from 2002 to 2026. Results: The decline in age-specific mortality rates over time postpones death to later ages, pushing back death-related costs. Accounting for this in expenditure projections gave a predicted annual growth rate of 0.40% - half of the rate predicted with a traditional method. Conclusions: Using richer data and more refined methods than have hitherto been employed, this study strongly confirms that the pressure of population increases and ageing demographic structure on hospital expenditures will be partially countered by the postponement of death-related hospital costs to later in life - a finding consistent with emerging epidemiological evidence, and heartening for policy makers and physicians alike. © British Geriatrics Society 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Ageing KW - Elderly KW - England KW - Health expenditures KW - Hospital cost KW - Projection KW - age KW - aged KW - aging KW - article KW - data analysis KW - data base KW - death KW - demography KW - developed country KW - female KW - health care cost KW - hospital running cost KW - human KW - life expectancy KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - methodology KW - mortality KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - statistical model KW - time KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Aging KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - England KW - Female KW - Health Expenditures KW - Health Services for the Aged KW - Hospital Costs KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Life Expectancy KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Econometric KW - Population Dynamics KW - Terminal Care N1 - Cited By :59 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AANGA C2 - 15308460 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Seshamani, M.; University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; email: Meena.Seshamani@marshallscholarship.org N1 - References: Review of assumptions and methods of the Medicare Trustees' financial projections (2000), Technical Review Panel on the Medicare Trustees Reports. 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Health Economics, 23, pp. 217-235; Miller, T., Increasing longevity and Medicare expenditures (2001) Demography, 38, pp. 215-226; McGrail, K., Green, B., Barer, M.L., Evans, R.G., Hertzman, C., Normand, C., Age, cost of acute and long-term care and proximity to death: Evidence for 1987-88 and 1994-95 in British Columbia (2000) Age Ageing, 29, pp. 249-253; Temkin-Greener, H., Meiners, M.R., Petty, E.A., Szydlowski, J.S., The use and cost of health services prior to death: A comparison of the Medicare-only and the Medicare-Medicaid elderly populations (1992) The Milbank Quarterly, 70, pp. 679-701 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644284989&doi=10.1093%2fageing%2fafh187&partnerID=40&md5=fe9d51a1def75f40ab92d87f01475982 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood disadvantage and health inequalities: A framework for policy based on lifecourse research T2 - Child: Care, Health and Development J2 - Child Care Health Dev. VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 671 EP - 678 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00457.x SN - 03051862 (ISSN) AU - Graham, H. AU - Power, C. AD - Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AB - Tackling health inequalities is moving up the policy agenda of richer societies like the UK, with governments looking for evidence to guide policy review and development. Observational studies of how childhood disadvantage compromises health in adulthood are an important part of the evidence base, but are largely inaccessible to the policy community. We develop a framework which captures the findings of these studies. Our framework highlights how disadvantage in childhood adversely affects both socio-economic circumstances and health in adulthood through a set of interlocking processes. Key among these are children's developmental health (their physical, cognitive and emotional development) and health behaviours, together with the associated educational and social trajectories. In breaking down the link between childhood disadvantage and adult health into its constituent elements, the framework provides a basis for understanding where and how policies can make a difference. The paper argues that the process of policy review and development needs to include both new programmes and the mainstream policies in which they are embedded. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. KW - Child disadvantage KW - Health inequalities KW - Policy KW - adulthood KW - child KW - child development KW - child health KW - child health care KW - childhood KW - cognition KW - education KW - emotion KW - evidence based medicine KW - health behavior KW - health care delivery KW - health care policy KW - health program KW - health services research KW - health status KW - human KW - priority journal KW - review KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Educational Status KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Psychosocial Deprivation KW - Public Policy N1 - Cited By :73 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CCHDD C2 - 15527477 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Graham, H.; Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, United Kingdom; email: hm.graham@lancaster.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, UK; Blane, D., The life course, the social gradient and health (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 67-80. , (eds M. 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Ben-Shlomo), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Machin, S., Unto them that hath... (2003) CentrePiece, 8, pp. 5-9; Nickell, S., (2003) Poverty and Worklessness in Britain, , LSE Centre for Economic Performance, London, UK; Piachaud, D., Sutherland, H., (2003) Poverty in Britain: The Impact of Government Policy Since 1997, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, UK; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Health and human development from life course research (2004) Population Health: Policy Dilemmas, , (eds M. Barer, R. Evans, C. Hertzman & J. Heyman). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socio-economic environment on adult health (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 1059-1066; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-9444246967&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2214.2004.00457.x&partnerID=40&md5=c6464ff054f3fc4ac6dfd76779c137e2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood predictors of self reported chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in adults: National birth cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 329 IS - 7472 SP - 941 EP - 943 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1136/bmj.38258.507928.55 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R. AU - Hotopf, M. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Middlesex Hospital, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To study childhood risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome in adult life. Design: Examination of data from the 1970 British birth cohort. Participants: 16 567 babies born 5-11 April 1970, followed up at 5, 10, 16, and 29-30 years. Main outcome measures: Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). identified by self report at age 30 years. Data from childhood from questionnaires given to parents and teachers. Maternal mental health assessed with the malaise inventory. Results: 93 (0.8%, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 1.0) of 11 261 participants reported ever having CFS/ME, and 48 (0.4%, 0.3 to 0.6) had the condition currently. Higher risk of CFS/ME was associated with having a limiting longstanding condition in childhood (odds ratio 2.3, 1.4 to 3.9), female sex (2.3, 1.4 to 2.6), and high social class in childhood (2.2, 1.4 to 3.5). Higher levels of exercise in childhood were associated with lower risk (0.5, 0.2 to 0.9). Maternal psychological disorder, psychological problems in childhood, birth weight, birth order, atopy, obesity, school absence, academic ability, and parental illness were not associated with risk of CFS/ME. Conclusions: We identified no association between maternal or child psychological distress, academic ability, parental illness, atopy, or birth order and increasing risk of lifetime CFS/ME. Sedentary behaviour increased the risk. KW - academic achievement KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - atopy KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - child KW - childhood KW - chronic fatigue syndrome KW - confidence interval KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - malaise KW - male KW - mental compliance KW - mental health KW - obesity KW - parental behavior KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - risk factor KW - school KW - self report KW - sex ratio KW - social class KW - teacher KW - chronic fatigue syndrome KW - cohort analysis KW - preschool child KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :70 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 15469945 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.; Department of Paediatrics, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Middlesex Hospital, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Hotopf, M., Noah, N., Wessely, S., Chronic fatigue and minor psychiatric morbidity after viral meningitis: A controlled study (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 60, pp. 504-509; Levine, P.H., Epidemiologic advances in chronic fatigue syndrome (1997) J Psychiatr Res, 31, pp. 7-18; Salit, I.E., Precipitating factors for the chronic fatigue syndrome (1997) J Psychiatr Res, 31, pp. 59-65; Krilov, L.R., Fisher, M., Friedman, S.B., Reitman, D., Mandel, F.S., Course and outcome of chronic fatigue in children and adolescents (1998) Pediatrics, 102, pp. 360-366; White, P.D., Thomas, J.M., Kangro, H.O., Bruce-Jones, W.D., Amess, J., Crawford, D.H., Predictions and associations of fatigue syndromes and mood disorders that occur after infectious mononucleosis (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 1946-1954; MacDonald, K.L., Osterholm, M.T., LeDell, K.H., White, K.E., Schenck, C.H., Chao, C.C., A case-control study to assess possible triggers and cofactors in chronic fatigue syndrome (1996) Am J Med, 100, pp. 548-554; Brimacombe, M., Helmer, D.A., Natelson, B.H., Birth order and its association with the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome (2002) Hum Biol, 74, pp. 615-620; Endicott, N.A., Chronic fatigue syndrome in psychiatric patients: Lifetime and premorbid personal history of physical health (1998) Psychosom Med, 60, pp. 744-751; Hall, G.H., Hamilton, W.T., Round, A.P., Increased illness experience preceding chronic fatigue syndrome: A case control study (1998) J R Coll Physicians Lond, 32, pp. 44-48; Sullivan, P.F., Kovalenko, P., York, T.P., Prescott, C.A., Kendler, K.S., Fatigue in a community sample of twins (2003) Psychol Med, 33, pp. 263-281; Fisher, L., Chalder, T., Childhood experiences of illness and parenting in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome (2003) J Psychosom Res, 54, pp. 439-443; Chalder, T., Goodman, R., Wessely, S., Hotopf, M., Meltzer, H., Epidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome and self reported myalgic encephalomyelitis in 5-15 year olds: Cross sectional study (2003) BMJ, 327, pp. 654-655; Irving, B., Bloxsom, C., (2002) Predicting Adolescent Delinquent Behaviour and Criminal Conviction by Age 30: Evidence from the 1970 British Birth Cohort, , London: Police Foundation; Wessely, S., Chalder, T., Hirsch, S., Pawlikowska, T., Wallace, P., Wright, D.J., Postinfectious fatigue: Prospective cohort study in primary care (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1333-1338; Garralda, E., Rangel, L., Levin, M., Roberts, H., Ukoumunne, O., Psychiatric adjustment in adolescents with a history of chronic fatigue syndrome (1999) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38, pp. 1515-1521 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7044238934&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38258.507928.55&partnerID=40&md5=2ea67e6fa028eb08e27175a1b2ba5805 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Survival and complications in patients with thalassemia major treated with transfusion and deferoxamine T2 - Haematologica J2 - Haematologica VL - 89 IS - 10 SP - 1187 EP - 1193 PY - 2004 SN - 03906078 (ISSN) AU - Borgna-Pignatti, C. AU - Rugolotto, S. AU - De Stefano, P. AU - Zhao, H. AU - Cappellini, M.D. AU - Del Vecchio, G.C. AU - Romeo, M.A. AU - Forni, G.L. AU - Gamberini, M.R. AU - Ghilardi, R. AU - Piga, A. AU - Cnaan, A. AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy AD - IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy AD - Division of Pediatrics, Ferrara Hospital, Italy AD - Microcytemia Center, Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy AD - Department of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Italy AD - Dept. of Pediatrics, Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Univ. of Pennsylvania Sch. of Med., Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Dipto. di Med. Clin. e Sperimentale, Sezione di Pediatria, Università Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy AB - Background and Objectives. Seven Italian centers reported data on survival, causes of death and appearance of complications in patients with thalassemia major. The interactions between gender, birth cohort, complications, and ferritin on survival and complications were analyzed. Design and Methods. Survival after the first decade was studied for 977 patients born since 1960 whereas survival since birth and complication appearance was studied for the 720 patients born after 1970. Better survival was demonstrated for patients born in more recent years (p<0.00005) and for females (p=0.0003); 68% of the patients are alive at J the age of 35 years. In the entire population 67% of the deaths were due to heart disease. Results. There was a significant association between birth cohort and complication-free survival (p<0.0005). The prevalence of complications was: heart failure 6.8%, arrhythmia 5.7%, hypogonadism 54.7%, hypothyroidism 10.8%, diabetes 6.4%, HIV infection 1.7%, and thrombosis 1.1%. Lower ferritin levels were associated with a lower probability of heart failure (hazard ratio = 3.35, p<0.005) and with prolonged survival (hazard ratio = 2.45, p<0.005), using a cut-off as low as 1,000 ng/mL Interpretation and Conclusions. Survival and complication-free survival of patients with thalassemia major continue to improve, especially for female patients born shortly before or after the availability of iron chelation. KW - Causes of death KW - Ferritin KW - Hemosiderosis KW - Survival KW - Thalassemia KW - deferoxamine KW - ferritin KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth KW - blood transfusion KW - cause of death KW - child KW - clinical trial KW - diabetes mellitus KW - female KW - gender KW - heart arrhythmia KW - heart disease KW - heart failure KW - human KW - Human immunodeficiency virus infection KW - hypogonadism KW - hypothyroidism KW - iron chelation KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - multicenter study KW - prevalence KW - survival KW - thalassemia major KW - thrombosis KW - treatment outcome KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Arrhythmia KW - Blood Transfusion KW - Chelation Therapy KW - Cohort Studies KW - Deferoxamine KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 KW - Female KW - Ferritins KW - Heart Failure, Congestive KW - HIV Infections KW - Humans KW - Hypogonadism KW - Hypothyroidism KW - Iron Chelating Agents KW - Italy KW - Life Tables KW - Male KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Splenectomy KW - Survival Analysis KW - Thalassemia KW - Thrombosis N1 - Cited By :644 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HAEMA C2 - 15477202 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Borgna-Pignatti, C.; Dipto. di Med. Clin. e Sperimentale, Sezione di Pediatria, Università Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; email: bre@unife.it N1 - Chemicals/CAS: deferoxamine, 70-51-9; ferritin, 9007-73-2; Deferoxamine, 70-51-9; Ferritins, 9007-73-2; Iron Chelating Agents N1 - References: Bianco, I., Clinical and therapeutic aspects of Mediterranean anaemia (1986) Il Progr Med, 42, pp. 471-475; Ehlers, K.H., Giardina, P.J., Lesser, M.L., Engle, M.A., Hilgartner, M.W., Prolonged survival in patients with β-thalassemia major treated with deferoxamine (1991) J Pediatr, 118, pp. 540-545; Thomas, E.D., Buckner, C.D., Sanders, J.E., Papayannopoulou, T., Borgna-Pignatti, C., De Stefano, P., Marrow transplantation for thalassaemia (1982) Lancet, 2, pp. 227-229; Locatelli, F., Rocha, V., Reed, W., Bernaudin, F., Ertem, M., Grafakos, S., Related umbilical cord blood transplant in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease (2003) Blood, 101, pp. 2137-2143; Zurlo, M.G., De Stefano, P., Borgna-Pignatti, A., Di Palma, A., Piga, A., Melevendi, C., Survival and causes of death in thalassaemia major (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 27-30; Borgna-Pignatti, C., Rugolotto, S., De Stefano, P., Piga, A., Di Gregorio, F., Gamberini, M.R., Survival and disease complications in thalassemia major (1998) Ann NY Acad Sci, 850, p. 227; Evered, D.C., Ormston, B.J., Smith, P.A., Hall, R., Bird, T., Grades of hypothyroidism (1973) Br Med J, 1, pp. 657-662; Kalbfleisch, J.D., Prentice, R.L., (1980) The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, , New York: John Wiley; Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (1972) J R Stat Soc, B34, pp. 187-220; Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0, , College Station, TX, USA. 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Third international conference on bone marrow transplantation in thalassemia (1997) Bone Marrow Transplant, 19 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 11-13; De Montalembert, M., Costagliola, D.G., Lefrere, J.J., Cornu, G., Lombardo, T., Cosentino, S., Prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B and C virus in multiply transfused thalassemia patients (1992) Transfusion, 32, pp. 509-512. , The French Study Group on Thalassaemia; Borgna-Pignatti, C., Carnelli, V., Caruso, V., Dore, F., De Mattia, D., Di Palma, A., Thromboembolic events in β thalassemia major: An Italian multicenter study (1998) Acta Haematol, 99, pp. 76-79; Eldor, A., Rachmilewitz, E.A., The hypercoagulable state in thalassemia (2002) Blood, 99, pp. 36-43; Bronspiegel-Weintrob, N., Olivieri, N.F., Tyler, B., Andrews, D.F., Freedman, M.H., Holland, F.J., Effect of age at the start of iron chelation therapy on gonadal function in β-thalassemia major (1990) N Engl J Med, 323, pp. 713-719; Sabato, A., De Sanctis, V., Atti, G., Capra, L., Bagni, B., Vullo, C., Primary hypothyroidism and the lowT3 syndrome in thalassaemia major (1983) Arch Dis Child, 58, pp. 120-127; De Sanctis, V., Zurlo, M.G., Senesi, E., Boffa, C., Cavallo, L., Di Gregorio, F., Insulin dependent diabetes in thalassaemia (1988) Arch Dis Child, 63, pp. 58-62; Prati, D., Zanella, A., Farma, E., De Mattel, C., Bosoni, P., Zappa, M., A multicenter prospective study on the risk of acquiring liver disease in anti-hepatitis C virus negative patients affected from homozygous β-thalassemia (1998) Blood, 92, p. 3460; De Montalembert, M., Girot, R., Mattlinger, B., Lefrere, J.J., Transfusion-dependent thalassemia: Viral complications (epidemiology and follow-up) (1995) Semin Hematol, 32, pp. 280-287; Brittenham, G.M., Cohen, A.R., McLaren, C.E., Martin, M.B., Griffith, P.M., Nienhuis, A.W., Hepatic iron stores and plasma ferritin concentration in patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia major (1993) Am J Hematol, 42, pp. 81-85; Olivieri, N.F., Brittenham, G.M., Iron-chelating therapy and the treatment of thalassemia (1997) Blood, 89, pp. 739-761; Cohen, A., Cohen, I.J., Schwartz, E., Scurvy and altered iron stores in thalassemia major (1981) N Engl J Med, 304, p. 158; De Virgiliis, S., Cornacchia, G., Sanna, G., Argiolu, F., Galanello, R., Fiorelli, G., Chronic liver disease in transfusion-dependent thalassemia: Liver iron quantitation and distribution (1981) Acta Haematol, 65, pp. 32-39; Olivieri, N.F., Nathan, D.G., MacMillan, J.H., Wayne, A.S., Liu, P.P., McGee, A., Survival in medically treated patients with homozygous β-thalassemia (1994) N Engl J Med, 331, pp. 574-578; Platt, O.S., Brambilla, D.J., Rosse, W.F., Milner, P.F., Castro, O., Steinberg, M.H., Mortality in sickle cell disease. Life expectancy and risk factors for early death (1994) N Engl J Med, 330, pp. 1639-1644; Mathers, C.D., Sadana, R., Salomon, J.A., Murray, C.J., Lopez, A.D., Healthy life expectancy in 191 countries, 1999 (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1685-1691; Hershko, C., Cappellini, M.D., Galanello, R., Piga, A., Tognoni, G., Masera, G., Purging iron from the heart (2004) BrJ Haematol, 125, pp. 545-551 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20844460608&partnerID=40&md5=b5734df5d4bc39d2acafd3f3cd67133e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender earnings differentials across individuals over time in British cohort studies T2 - International Journal of Manpower J2 - Int. J. Manpow. VL - 25 IS - 3-4 SP - 251 EP - 263 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1108/01437720410541380 SN - 01437720 (ISSN) AU - Makepeace, G. AU - Dolton, P. AU - Joshi, H. AD - Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK, United Kingdom AD - University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London, UK, United Kingdom AB - This paper analyses gender wage differentials in full-time employment using recently released data from the National Child Development Study and the British Cohort Study 1970. The paper compares the situations of individuals in their early thirties in 1991 and 2000 and the position of full-time employees in NCDS as the cohorts aged between 33 and 42. The distribution of individuals' experiences of unequal pay is emphasised by comparing distributions of gender differentials of an "index of unequal treatment". Passing from age 33 to 42, unequal treatment increased substantially, across the whole distribution. KW - Gender KW - Pay differentials KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Anderson, T., Forth, J., Metcalf, H., Kirby, S., (2001) The Gender Pay Gap, , Women and Equality Unit, Cabinet Office London; (2003) Changing Britain Changing Lives, , Bynner, J. Ferri, E. Wadsworth, M. Institute of Education London; Dolton, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., (2002) Unpacking unequal pay between men and women across cohort and lifecycle, , Cohort Studies Discussion Paper No. 2, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , Ferri, E. 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Equal Opportunities Commission Manchester; Blinder, A.S., Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural variables (1973) Journal of Human Resources, 8, pp. 436-65; Booth, A., Francesconi, M., Frank, J., Glass ceilings and sticky floors (2003) European Economic Review, 47, pp. 295-322; Pay Task Force, E., (2001) Just Pay, , Equal Opportunities Commission Manchester; Jones, D.R., Makepeace, G.H., Equal worth, equal opportunities: Pay and promotion in an internal labour market (1996) Economic Journal, 106, pp. 401-9; Joshi, H., Paci, P., Life in the labour market (1997) Twenty-Something in the Nineteen Ninties, Getting On, Getting by and Getting Nowhere, , Bynner Ferri Dartmouth Press; Kingsmill, D., (2001) Women's Employment and Pay, , Cabinet Office and DTI, available at: www.kingsmillreview.gov.uk/; Oaxaca, R., Male-female wage differentials in urban labour markets (1973) International Economic Review, 14 (3), pp. 693-709 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4344612919&doi=10.1108%2f01437720410541380&partnerID=40&md5=2cc1ebf2d5c377692a3616f0e81e107b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes in early childhood and children's adult values T2 - European Psychologist J2 - Eur. Psychol. VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 154 EP - 162 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1027/1016-9040.9.3.154 SN - 10169040 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AD - University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. for Res. Parenting/Children, Dept. of Social Plcy. and Social Wk., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Statistics at St. Hilda's College, United States AD - University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study used longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine links between mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes, assessed when children were aged 5, and children's values at age 30 (antiracism, right-wing beliefs, support for authority, support for traditional marital values, support for working mothers, political cynicism, environmentalism, and support for the work ethic). Mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes were positively related to cohort members' antiracism and environmentalism, and were negatively related to cohort members' support for authority, support for traditional marital values, and support for the work ethic even after mothers' values (liberalism and support for working mothers) and known early (parental social class, socioeconomic disadvantage, family structure, general ability, and emotional and behavioral problems) and concurrent (social class, partner status, religiosity, self-reported physical health, and depressed mood) confounding Jactors were controlled for. KW - BCS70 KW - Child-rearing attitudes KW - Parenting KW - Values N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Austin, E.J., Deary, I.J., Whiteman, M.C., Fowkes, F.G.R., Pedersen, N.L., Rabbitt, P., Bent, N., McInnes, L., Relationships between ability and personality: Does intelligence contribute positively to personal and social adjustment? 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Bynner, E. Ferri, & P. Shepherd (Eds.). Aldershot: Ashgate; Thompson, A., Hollis, C., Richards, D., Authoritarian parenting attitudes as a risk for conduct problems: Results from a British national cohort study (2003) European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, pp. 84-91; Waller, N.G., Kojetin, B.A., Bouchard Jr., T.J., Lykken, D.T., Tellegen, A., Genetic and environmental influences on religious interests, attitudes and values: A study of twins reared apart and together (1990) Psychological Science, 1, pp. 138-142 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7444237546&doi=10.1027%2f1016-9040.9.3.154&partnerID=40&md5=b1c894de4e81f1004dfebec2e984dbc7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early childbearing and housing choices T2 - Journal of Housing Economics J2 - J. Hous. Econ. VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 170 EP - 194 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.jhe.2004.07.001 SN - 10511377 (ISSN) AU - Ermisch, J. AU - Pevalin, D.J. AD - Inst. for Social/Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom AB - The paper presents a simple dynamic model of childbearing and housing demand incorporating imperfect fertility control, which suggests that early childbearing can have long-term effects on housing demand. An IV estimate of the effect of early childbearing on the probability of owner-occupation at age 30, based on information about miscarriages from the British Cohort Study 1970 data, indicates a large negative effect, and suggests that it is acceptable to treat the age-at-first-birth indicators as exogenous. Housing demand equations are estimated using data from the British Household Panel Survey 1991-2001, and these indicate that births early in adulthood substantially reduce housing demand later in life. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Fertility KW - Housing demand dynamics KW - Housing tenure KW - Treatment effects N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JHECF LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ermisch, J.; Inst. for Social/Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom; email: ermij@essex.ac.uk N1 - References: Angrist, J.D., Imbens, G.W., Rubin, D.W., Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables (1996) J. Amer. Statistical Assoc., 91, pp. 444-472; Angrist, J.D., Treatment effect heterogeneity in theory and practice (2004) Econ. 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Russell Sage Foundation New York; Olsen, R.J., Farkas, G., Endogenous covariates in duration models and the effect of adolescent childbirth on schooling (1989) J. Human Res., 24, pp. 39-53; Ribar, D.C., Teenage fertility and high school completion (1994) Rev. Econ. Statist., 76, pp. 413-424; Ribar, D.C., The socioeconomic consequences of young women's childbearing: Reconciling disparate evidence (1999) J. Population Econ., 12, pp. 547-565; Rosenzweig, M.R., Wolpin, K., Sisters, siblings, and mothers: The effect of teen-age childbearing on birth outcomes in a dynamic family context (1995) Econometrica, 63, pp. 303-326; Rosenzweig, M.R., Schultz, T.P., Fertility and investments in human capital: Estimates of the consequence of imperfect fertility control in Malaysia (1987) J. Econometrics, 36, pp. 163-184; Upchurch, D.M., Lillard, L.A., Panis, C.W.A., The impacts of nonmarital childbearing on subsequent marital formation and dissolution (2001) Out of Wedlock, pp. 344-380. , L.L. Wu B. Wolfe (Eds.) Russell Sage Foundation New York; Wills, R.J., A theory of out-of-wedlock childbearing (1999) J. Polit. Economy, 107, pp. S33-S64 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844292554&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhe.2004.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=9d5c643bc4b8aa08362af267efab1919 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The importance of cognitive development in middle childhood for adulthood socioeconomic status, mental health, and problem behavior T2 - Child Development J2 - Child Dev. VL - 75 IS - 5 SP - 1329 EP - 1339 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00743.x SN - 00093920 (ISSN) AU - Feinstein, L. AU - Bynner, J. AD - Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AD - Bedford Grp. Lifecourse/Stat. Studs., Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom AB - This study examined the extent to which continuities and discontinuities in cognitive performance between ages 5 and 10 predicted adult income, educational success, household worklessness, criminality, teen parenthood, smoking, and depression. Assessed were the degree of this change during middle childhood, the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on this change, and the extent to which this change influenced adult outcomes. The analyses were conducted on 11,200 individuals from the UK Birth Cohort Study who were born in 1970 and who were resurveyed at ages 5, 10, 16, 26, and 30. Substantial discontinuities emerged during middle childhood, with strong SES influences. Changes in middle childhood strongly affected adult outcomes, often outweighing the effects of cognitive development before age 5. KW - adolescent KW - adolescent pregnancy KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child KW - child development KW - cognitive defect KW - cohort analysis KW - crime KW - family KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - male KW - mental disease KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - prospective study KW - psychological aspect KW - risk factor KW - social environment KW - socioeconomics KW - statistics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crime KW - Family KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Environment KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :74 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CHDEA C2 - 15369517 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; Bedford Grp. Lifecourse/Stat. Studs., Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom; email: lf@bg.ioe.ac.uk N1 - References: Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Howlett, B.C., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of Health and Behaviour in Britain's Five-year-olds, , Oxford, England: Pergammon; Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study: First Report to the Department of Education and Science on the 10-Year Follow-up, , University of Bristol: Department of Child Health; Card, D., The causal effect of education on earnings (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3, pp. 1802-1843. , O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (Eds.). Elsevier-North Holland; Clarke, A.M., Clarke, A.D.B., (1998) Early Experience: Myth and Evidence, , London: Open Books; (2002) Education and Skills - Delivering the Results: A Strategy to 2006, , London: Author; Eccles, J.S., Gootman, J., (2002) Community Programs to Promote Youth Development, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Feinstein, L., (2002) Quantitative Estimates of the Social Benefits of Learning, 1: Crime, , (Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report: 5). London: Institute of Education; Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-98; Feinstein, L., Symons, J., Attainment in secondary school (1999) Oxford Economic Papers, 51, pp. 300-321; Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M.E., (2003) Changing Britain: Changing Lives, , London: Bedford Way Papers, Institute of Education; Glass, N., Sure Start: The development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom (1999) Children and Society, 13, pp. 257-264; Gregg, P., Wadsworth, M., More work in fewer households (1996) New Inequalities: The Changing Distribution of Income and Wealth in the UK, , J. Hills (Ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; Hammond, C., (2002) Learning to Be Healthy, , (The Wider Benefits of Learning Papers: No. 3). London: Institute of Education; Harris, D.B., (1963) Children's Drawings as Measures of Intellectual Maturity, , New York: Harcourt, Brace and World Inc; Harris, J.R., (1998) The Nurture Assumption, , New York: Touchstone; Kiernan, K., Transition to parenthood: Young mothers, young fathers - Associated factors and later life experience (1995) London School of Economics Discussion Paper, , WSP/113; Koppitz, E.M., (1968) Psychological Evaluation of Children's Human Figure Drawings, , New York: Grune & Stratton; McVicker Hunt, J., (1961) Intelligence and Experience, , New York: Ronald Press; Moffitt, T., Adolescence-limited and lifecourse persistent anti-social behaviour: A developmental taxonomy (1993) Psychological Review, 100, pp. 674-701; Ramey, C.T., Campbell, F.A., Burchinal, M., Skinner, M.L., Gardner, D.M., Ramey, S.L., Persistent effects of early childhood education on high risk children and their mothers (2000) Applied Developmental Science, 4, pp. 2-14; Robins, L., Rutter, M., (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; Rolf, J., Masten, A.S., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K.H., Weintraub, S., (1990) Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology, , Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., Ouston, J., (1979) Fifteen Thousand Hours: Secondary Schools and Their Effects on Children, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longmans; Schaffer, H.R., The early experience assumption: Past present and future (2002) Growing Points in Developmental Science, pp. 22-46. , W. W. Hartup & R. K. Silbereisen (Eds.). New York: Psychology Press; Robertson, D., Symons, J., Do peer groups matter? Peer group versus schooling effects on academic attainment (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 31-53; (1998) Bringing Britain Together: A National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal, , CM4045). London: The Stationery Office; Yeung, W.J., Linver, M.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., How money matters for young children's development: Investment and family process (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1861-1879 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7444252738&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-8624.2004.00743.x&partnerID=40&md5=f472d61b0bc65be451bac5cedac25a6c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent demographic developments in France T2 - Population J2 - Population VL - 59 IS - 5 SP - 595 EP - 634 PY - 2004 DO - 10.2307/3654919 SN - 16342941 (ISSN) AU - Prioux, F. AD - Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France AB - France has registered a relatively high natural increase and a rather weak estimated net migration, although the number of aliens issued with residence permits has risen sharply since 1997. While fertility has been running at nearly 1.9 children per woman for the past four years, completed cohort fertility has been dropping steeply since the 1960 cohort, and could fall below two children per woman in the 1970 cohort. Civil unions (PACSs) are rising every year, but marriages have been decreasing since 2000. The proportion of the never-married (in legal terms) thus continues to rise from one cohort to the next. The proportion of men never having lived in a stable partnership is also on a mild uptrend, as is the age of first union formation. Marriages after union formation are becoming less common, and dissolutions more common, so that an ever greater number of men and women form several successive unions. After a period of stability, the frequency of divorce has started rising again in the past two years. Life expectancy at birth fo r women (82.9 years in 2003) is rising more slowly than that of men (75.9 years). The resulting convergence should persist, as excess male mortality due to cancer is now decreasing. Because of an exceptional heat wave, 2003 witnessed about 15,000 more deaths than normal, mostly among older persons, particularly women over 75. KW - cohort analysis KW - demographic survey KW - demographic trend KW - divorce KW - fertility KW - life expectancy KW - marriage KW - mortality KW - population migration KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - France KW - Western Europe N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Prioux, F.; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; email: prioux@ined.fr N1 - References: Barre, C., Vanderschelden, M., (2004) Enquête « Ébude De L'histoire Familiale » De 1999 Résultats Déaillés, p. 48. , (INSEE Résultats, Société no 33) + CD Rom; Beaumel, C., Désesquelles, A., Richet-Mastain, L., Vatan, M., (2004) La Situation Démographique En 2002. Mouvement De La Population, p. 44. , (INSEE Résultats, Société no 34) + CD Rom; Cassan, F., Mazuy, M., Clanché, F., "Refaire sa vie de couple est plus fréquent pour les hommes" (2001) INSEE Premiére, , no 797; (2004) Recent Demographic Developments in Europe, p. 120. , Council of Europe 2003, Council of Europe Publishing + CD-ROM; Désesquelles, A., Richet-Mastain, L., "Bilan démographique 2003: Stabilité des naissances, augmentation des décès" (2004) INSEE Première, Et Bulletin Mensuel De Statistique, pp. 141-156. , no 948, no 2; Hémon, D., Jougla, E., (2003) Surmortalité Liée à La Canicule D'août 2003, , Rapport d'étape [Progress Report], September 25 2003, INSERM; Hémon, D., Jougla, E., (2004) Surmortalé Lieée à La Canicule D'août 2003, p. 76. , Rapport remis au ministre de la Santé de la Protection sociale [Report to the Minister of Health and Social Protection], October 26, 2004, INSERM; Léger, J.-F., "Les entrées d'étrangers sur le marchçais du travail franǐs (1990 à 2001)" (2004) Revue Européenne Des Migrations Internationales, 20 (1); Meslé, F., "Life expectancy: A female advantage under threat?" (2004) Population & Societies, , http://www.ined.fr/englishversion/publications, no 402, June,2004 (available online at:); Meslé, F., "Ecart d'espérance de vie emre les sexes : Les raisons du recul de l'avantage féminin" (2004) Revue D'épidémiologie Et De Santé Publique, 52 (4), pp. 333-352; Munoz-Pérez, F., Prioux, F., "Children born outside marriage and their parents. Recognitions and legitimations since 1965" (2000) Population: An English Selection, 12, pp. 139-195; Prioux, F., "L'évotution démographique récente en France" (1999) Population, 54 (3), pp. 449-479; Prioux, F., "Recent demographic developments in France" (2003) Population-E, 58 (4-5), pp. 525-558; Prioux, F., " Age at first union in France. A two-stage process of change" (2003) Population-E, 58 (4-5), pp. 559-578; Sardon, J.-P., "Recent demographic trends in the developed countries" (2004) Population-E, 59 (2), pp. 263-314; Thierry, X., "Recent immigration trends in France and elements for a comparison with the United Kingdom" (2004) Population-E, 59 (5), pp. 635-672; Vilain, A., "Les interruptions volontaires de grossesse en 2002" (2004) Ébudes Et Résultats, p. 348 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750575370&doi=10.2307%2f3654919&partnerID=40&md5=7fa902da7d8243f4984bc3fc668c9277 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: A retrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 114 IS - 3 SP - 584 EP - 591 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1542/peds.2003-1177-L SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Andrews, N. AU - Miller, E. AU - Grant, A. AU - Stowe, J. AU - Osborne, V. AU - Taylor, B. AD - Statistics Unit, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom AD - Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom AD - Morbidity and Health Care Team, Office for National Statistics, London, United Kingdom AD - Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom AB - Objective. After concerns about the possible toxicity of thimerosal-containing vaccines in the United States, this study was designed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amount of thimerosal that an infant receives via diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTP) or diphtheria-tetanus (DT) vaccination at a young age and subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed using 109 863 children who were born from 1988 to 1997 and were registered in general practices in the United Kingdom that contributed to a research database. The disorders investigated were general developmental disorders, language or speech delay, tics, attention-deficit disorder, autism, unspecified developmental delays, behavior problems, encopresis, and enuresis. Exposure was defined according to the number of DTP/DT doses received by 3 and 4 months of age and also the cumulative age-specific DTP/DT exposure by 6 months. Each DTP/DT dose of vaccine contains 50 μg of thimerosal (25 μg of ethyl mercury). Hazard ratios (HRs) for the disorders were calculated per dose of DTP/DT vaccine or per unit of cumulative DTP/DT exposure. Results. Only in 1 analysis for tics was there some evidence of a higher risk with increasing doses (Cox's HR: 1.50 per dose at 4 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.20). Statistically significant negative associations with increasing doses at 4 months were found for general developmental disorders (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.93), unspecified developmental delay (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69-0.92), and attention-deficit disorder (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.98). For the other disorders, there was no evidence of an association with thimerosal exposure. Conclusions. With the possible exception of tics, there was no evidence that thimerosal exposure via DTP/DT vaccines causes neurodevelopmental disorders. Copyright © 2004 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. KW - Cohort study KW - Neurodevelopment KW - Safety KW - Thimerosal KW - Thiomersal KW - Vaccines KW - diphtheria pertussis tetanus Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine KW - diphtheria tetanus vaccine KW - ethylmercury derivative KW - thiomersal KW - diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine KW - diphtheria tetanus vaccine KW - preservative KW - thiomersal KW - age KW - article KW - attention deficit disorder KW - autism KW - behavior disorder KW - birth KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - data base KW - developmental disorder KW - disease association KW - dose calculation KW - drug research KW - drug safety KW - enuresis KW - feces incontinence KW - general practice KW - health hazard KW - high risk patient KW - human KW - infant KW - language disability KW - nerve cell differentiation KW - perinatal drug exposure KW - priority journal KW - register KW - retrospective study KW - speech disorder KW - statistical significance KW - tic KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - attention deficit disorder KW - autism KW - chemically induced disorder KW - developmental disorder KW - female KW - follow up KW - language disability KW - male KW - multivariate analysis KW - proportional hazards model KW - speech disorder KW - survival KW - tic KW - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity KW - Autistic Disorder KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine KW - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Language Disorders KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Speech Disorders KW - Survival Analysis KW - Thimerosal KW - Tics N1 - Cited By :135 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 15342825 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Miller, E.; Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; email: liz.miller@hpa.org.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: thiomersal, 54-64-8; Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Thimerosal, 54-64-8 N1 - References: Winship, K.A., Organic mercury compounds and their toxicity (1986) Adv Drug React Ac Pois Rev, 3, pp. 141-180; Pichichero, M.E., Cernichiari, E., Lopreiato, J., Treanot, J., Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines containing thiomersal: A descriptive study (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1737-1741; Freed, G.L., Andreae, M.C., Cowan, A.E., Katz, S.L., The process of public policy formulation: The case of thimerosal in vaccines (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 1153-1159; Thimerosal in vaccines: A joint statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Public Health Service (1999) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 48, pp. 563-565; Thiomersal as a vaccine preservative (2000) Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 75, pp. 12-16; (2001) Immunization Safety Review: Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, , www.nap.edu/openbook/0309076366/html/19.html; Chen, R.T., Glasser, J., Rhodes, P., The vaccine safety data link project. A new tool for improving vaccine safety monitoring in the United States (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 765-773; Safety of thiomersal-containing vaccines (2002) Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 77, p. 390; Lawson, D.H., Sherman, V., Hollowell, J., The General Practice Research Database (1998) Q J Med, 91, pp. 445-452; Walley, T., Mantgani, A., The UK General Practice Research Database (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1097-1099; Heron, J., Golding, J., Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: A prospective cohort study does not support a causal association (2004) Pediatrics, 114, pp. 577-583; (2001) S-Plus 6 for Windows Guide to Statistics, 1. , Seattle, WA: Insightful Corp; Verstraeten, T., Davis, R., DeStefano, F., Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: A two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases (2003) Pediatrics, 112, pp. 1039-1048; Van Staa, T.-D., Abenhaim, L., The quality of information recorded on a UK database of primary care records: A study of hospitalizations due to hypoglycaemia and other conditions (1994) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 3, pp. 15-21; Jick, H.J., Jick, S.S., Derby, L.E., Validation of information recorded on general practitioner based computerized data resource in the UK (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 766-778; Black, C., Kaye, J.A., Jick, H., Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: Nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 419-421; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds. A Report of the Child Health and Education Study, , London, United Kingdom: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Hviid, A., Stellfeld, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Melbye, M., Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 1763-1766 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4344620583&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2003-1177-L&partnerID=40&md5=ee9c6c362c3d349dc9e8422f85f8d9d3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk factors for fracture in a UK population: A prospective cohort study T2 - QJM - Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians J2 - QJM Mon. J. Assoc. Phys. VL - 97 IS - 9 SP - 569 EP - 574 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/qjmed/hch097 SN - 14602725 (ISSN) AU - Porthouse, J. AU - Birks, Y.F. AU - Torgerson, D.J. AU - Cockayne, S. AU - Puffer, S. AU - Watt, I. AD - York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom AB - Background: Common clinical risk factors for fracture in older women have been identified. To date, most of these risk factors have not been confirmed in a UK population. Aim: To confirm the important risk factors for fracture in older women. Design: Comprehensive cohort study (CCS) with a nested randomized controlled trial. Methods: The CCS included 4292 women aged >70 years. We assessed potential risk factors for fracture, and followed-up participants for 24 months for incidence of non-vertebral fractures. Results: Odds ratios (ORs) for predicting any non-vertebral fracture were: previous fracture, 2.67 (95%CI 2.10-3.40); a fall in the last 12 months, 2.06 (95%CI 1.63-2.59); and age (per year increase), 1.03 (95%CI 1.01-1.05). ORs for predicting hip fracture were: previous fracture, 2.31 (95%CI 1.31-4.08); low body weight (<58 kg), 2.20 (95%CI 1.28-3.77); maternal history of hip fracture, 1.68 (95%CI 0.85-3.31); a fall in the last 12 months, 2.92 (95%CI 1.70-5.01); and age (per year increase), 1.09 (95%CI 1.04-1.13). ORs for predicting wrist fracture were: previous fracture, 2.29 (95%CI 1.56-3.34); and a fall in the last 12 months, 1.60 (95%CI 1.10-2.31). Being a current smoker was not associated with an increase in risk, and was consistent across all fracture types. Discussion: Older women with the clinical risk factors identified in this study should be investigated for osteoporosis or offered preventive treatment. © Association of Physicians 2004; all rights reserved. KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - body weight KW - clinical trial KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled clinical trial KW - controlled study KW - falling KW - female KW - follow up KW - fragility fracture KW - hip fracture KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - osteoporosis KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - randomized controlled trial KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - smoking KW - United Kingdom KW - wrist fracture KW - Accidental Falls KW - Aged KW - Body Weight KW - England KW - Family Health KW - Female KW - Fractures, Bone KW - Hip Fractures KW - Humans KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prospective Studies KW - Recurrence KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Wrist Injuries N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: QMJPF C2 - 15317925 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Porthouse, J.; York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; email: jp38@york.ac.uk N1 - References: Schurch, M.A., Rizzoli, R., Mermillod, B., Vasey, H., Michel, J.P., Bonjour, J.P., A prospective study on the socio-economic aspects of fracture of the proximal femur (1996) J. Bone Min. Res., 11, pp. 1935-1942; Dolan, P., Torgerson, D.J., The cost of treating osteoporotic fractures in the United Kingdom female population (1998) Osteoporosis Int., 8, pp. 611-617; Torgerson, D.J., Iglesias, C.P., Reid, D.M., The economics of fracture prevention (2000) Key Advances in the Effective Management of Osteoporosis, , Barlow D, Francis R, Miles A, eds. London, Aesculapius Medical Press; Marshall, D., Johnell, O., Wedel, H., Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures (1996) Br. Med. J., 312, pp. 1254-1259; Kanis, J.A., Delmas, P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C., Torgerson, D., Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis (1997) Osteoporosis Int., 7, pp. 390-406; (1999) Clinical Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, , Royal College of Physicians. London, RCP; Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.S., Stone, K., Fox, K., Ensrud, K.E., Risk factors for hip fracture in white women (1995) N. Engl. J. Med., 332, pp. 767-773. , for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; Eddy, D.M., Johnston, C.C., Cummings, S.R., Dawson-Hughes, B., Lindsay, R., Melton, L.J., Osteoporosis: Cost-effectiveness analysis and review of the evidence for prevention, diagnosis and treatment (1997) Osteoporosis Int., 2 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-72; McGrother, C.W., Donaldson, M.M.K., Clayton, D., Abrams, K.R., Clarke, M., Evaluation of a hip fracture risk score for assessing elderly women: The Melton osteoporotic fracture (MOF) study (2002) Osteoporosis Int., 13, pp. 89-96; van Staa, T.P., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study (2002) Osteoporosis Int., 13, pp. 624-629; Appraisal Consultation Document: Technologies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women (2004), National Institute for Clinical Excellence; Birks, Y.F., Porthouse, J., Addie, C., Loughney, K., Saxon, L., Baverstock, M., Randomised Controlled Trial of Hip Protectors among Women Living in the Community (2004) Osteoporosis Int., , the Primary Care Hip Protector Trial Group. in press; Black, D.M., Arden, N.K., Palermo, L., Pearson, J., Cummings, S.R., Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures (1999) J. Bone Min. Res., 14, pp. 821-828. , for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; Fox, K.M., Cummings, S.R., Powell-Threets, K., Stone, K., Family history and risk of osteoporotic fracture (1998) Osteoporosis Int., 8, pp. 557-562. , for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; Ensrud, K.E., Lipschutz, R.C., Cauley, J.A., Seeley, D., Nevitt, M.C., Scott, J., Body size and hip fracture risk in older women: A prospective study (1997) Am. J. Med., 103, pp. 275-280. , for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; Dargent-Molina, P., Poitiers, F., Breart, G., In elderly women weight is the best predictor of a very low bone mineral density: Evidence from the EPIDOS study (2000) Osteoporosis Int., 11, pp. 881-888. , for the EPIDOS Group; Vestergaard, P., Mosekilde, L., Fracture risk associated with smoking: A meta-analysis (2003) J. Intern. Med., 254, pp. 572-583; Law, M.R., Hackshaw, A.K., A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: Recognition of a major effect (1997) Br. Med. J., 315, pp. 841-846; Nguyen, T.V., Center, J.R., Sambrook, P.N., Eisman, J.A., Risk factors for proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist fractures in elderly men and women (2001) Am. J. Epidemiol., 153, pp. 587-595; Dargent-Molina, P., Douchin, M.N., Cormier, C., Meunier, P.J., Breart, G., Use of clinical risk factors in elderly women with low bone mineral density to identify women at higher risk of hip fracture: The EPIDOS prospective study (2002) Osteoporosis Int., 13, pp. 593-599. , for the EPIDOS study group; Vogt, M.T., Cauley, J.A., Tomaino, M.M., Stone, K., Williams, J.R., Herndon, J.H., Distal radius fractures in older women: A 10-year follow-up study of descriptive characteristics and risk factors. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (2002) J. Am. Geriat. Soc., 50, pp. 97-103; Black, D.M., Steinbuch, M., Palermo, L., Dargent-Molina, P., Lindsay, R., Hoseyni, M.S., An assessment tool for predicting fracture risk in postmenopausal women (2001) Osteoporosis Int., 12, pp. 519-528; Pal, B., Questionnaire survey of advice given to patients with fractures (1999) Br. Med. J., 318, pp. 500-501; Torgerson, D.J., Dolan, P., Prescribing by general practitioners after an osteoporotic fracture (1998) Ann. Rheum. Dis., 57, pp. 378-379; Bergmann, M., Byers, T., Freedman, D.S., Mokdad, A., Validity of self-reported diagnoses leading to hospitalization: A comparison of self-reports with hospital records in a prospective study of American adults (1998) Am. J. Epidemiol., 147, pp. 969-977; Bush, T.L., Miller, S.R., Golden, A.L., Hale, W.E., Self-report and medical record report agreement of selected medical conditions in the elderly (1989) Am. J. Public Health, 79, pp. 1554-1556; Colditz, G.A., Martin, P., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C., Sampson, L., Rosner, B., Validation of questionnaire information on risk factors and disease outcomes in a prospective cohort of women (1986) Am. J. Epidemiol., 123, pp. 894-900; O'Neill, T.W., Cockerill, W., Finn, J.B., Cannata, J.B., Hoszowski, K., Validity of self-report of fractures: Results from a prospective study in men and women across Europe (2000) Osteoporosis Int., 11, pp. 248-254. , AA; Nevitt, M.C., Cummings, S.R., Browner, W.S., Seeley, D.G., Canley, J.A., Vogt, T.M., The accuracy of self-report of fractures in elderly women: Evidence from a prospective study (1992) Am. J. Epidemiol., 135, pp. 490-499 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4544314130&doi=10.1093%2fqjmed%2fhch097&partnerID=40&md5=16404f623d8344fe77e5471f7a8501d5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The wage effects of obesity: A longitudinal study T2 - Health Economics J2 - Health Econ. VL - 13 IS - 9 SP - 885 EP - 899 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1002/hec.881 SN - 10579230 (ISSN) AU - Baum II, C.L. AU - Ford, W.F. AD - Economics and Finance Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Box 27, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States AB - We use National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data to examine the effects of obesity on wages by gender. Sample means indicate that both men and women experience a persistent obesity wage penalty over the first two decades of their careers. We then control for a standard set of socioeconomic and familial variables but find that standard covariates do not explain why obese workers experience persistent wage penalties. This suggests that other variables - including job discrimination, health-related factors and/or obese workers' behavior patterns - may be the channels through which obesity adversely affects wages. The study closes with a discussion of the public policy implications suggested by these findings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KW - Body mass index KW - Discrimination KW - Obesity KW - Wages KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - career KW - controlled study KW - employment KW - experience KW - family life KW - female KW - health status KW - health survey KW - human KW - job performance KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - obesity KW - policy KW - priority journal KW - salary KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - worker KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Body Mass Index KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Causality KW - Cost of Illness KW - Efficiency KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Least-Squares Analysis KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Models, Econometric KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Obesity KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Prejudice KW - Salaries and Fringe Benefits KW - Sex Distribution KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - United States N1 - Cited By :195 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HEECE C2 - 15362180 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Baum II, C.L.; Economics and Finance Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Box 27, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States; email: cbaum@mtsu.edu N1 - References: Rundle, R.A., Obesity tops smoking for medical costs (2003) Wall Street J., 12, pp. B7. , March; Philipson, T., The world-wide growth in obesity: An economic research agenda (2001) Health Econ., 10, pp. 1-7; Sturm, R., The effects of obesity, smoking, and drinking on medical problems and costs (2002) Health Affairs, 21, pp. 245-253; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) New Engl. 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Rev., 45, pp. 435-448; Gill, A.M., Michaels, R.J., Does drug use lower wages? (1992) Ind. Lab. Relat. Rev., 45, pp. 419-434; Berger, M.C., Leigh, J.P., The effect of alcohol use on wages (1988) Appl. Econ., 20, pp. 1343-1351; Oaxaca, R., Male-female wage differentials in urban markets (1973) Int. Econ. Rev., 14, pp. 694-709; Blau, F.D., Ferber, M., Discrimination: Empirical evidence from the United States (1987) Am. Econ. Rev., 77, pp. 316-320; (1996) NSLY79 1996 Users' Guide, , Center for Human Resource Research. The Ohio State University: Columbus, OH; (1983) The Statistical Bulletin of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 64, pp. 2-9. , Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of New York; England, P., The failure of human capital theory to explain occupational sex segregation (1982) J. Hum. Res., 17, pp. 358-370; Becker, G., Murphy, K., A theory of rational addiction (1988) J. Polit. Econ., 96, pp. 675-700 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644247412&doi=10.1002%2fhec.881&partnerID=40&md5=826e4e9290ca2cca2d8c806764523325 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria T2 - BMC Public Health J2 - BMC Public Health VL - 4 SP - 1 EP - 5 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-4-32 SN - 14712458 (ISSN) AU - Rastam, S. AU - Ward, K.D. AU - Eissenberg, T. AU - Maziak, W. AD - Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic AD - Center for Community Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States AD - Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States AD - Inst. of Epidemiol. and Social Med., University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany AB - Background: Waterpipe smoking is becoming a global public health problem, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). Methods: We try in this study, which is a cross sectional survey among a representative sample of waterpipe smokers in cafes/restaurants in Aleppo-Syria, to assess the time period for the beginning of this new smoking hype. We recruited 268 waterpipe smokers (161 men, 107 women; mean age ± standard deviation (SD) 30.1 ± 10.2, response rate 95.3%). Participants were divided into 4 birth cohorts (≤ 1960, 1961-1970, 1971-1980, >1980) and year of initiation of waterpipe smoking and daily cigarette smoking were plotted according to these birth cohorts. Results: Data indicate that unlike initiation of cigarette smoking, which shows a clear age-related pattern, the nineties was the starting point for most of waterpipe smoking implicating this time period for the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria. Conclusion: The introduction of new flavored and aromatic waterpipe tobacco (Maassel), and the proliferation of satellite and electronic media during the nineties may have helped spread the new hype all over the Arab World. KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - birth KW - catering service KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - cultural anthropology KW - epidemic KW - female KW - health survey KW - human KW - male KW - review KW - sample KW - smoking KW - Syrian Arab Republic KW - waterpipe smoking PB - BioMed Central Ltd. N1 - Cited By :68 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus C7 - 32 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Maziak, W.; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic N1 - References: Maziak, W., Eissenberg, T., Klesges, R.C., Keil, U., Ward, K.D., Adapting smoking cessation interventions for developing countries: A model for the Middle East (2004) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 8 (4), pp. 403-413. , [PubMed Abstract] Return to citation in text: [1] [2]; Maziak, W., Ward, K.D., Afifi Soweid, R.A., Eissenberg, T., Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: A re-emerging strain in a global epidemic (2004) Tobacco Control, , in press. Return to citation in text: [1]; Maziak, W., Fouad, M.F., Hammal, F., Asfar, T., Bachir, E.M., Rastam, S., Eissenberg, T.E., Ward, K.D., Prevalence and characteristics of narghile smoking among university students in Aleppo, Syria (2004) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 8, pp. 882-889. , [PubMed Abstract] Return to citation in text: [1]; Chaaya, M., Awwad, J., Campbell, O.M., Sibai, A., Kaddour, A., Demographic and psychosocial profile of smoking among pregnant women in Lebanon: Public health implications (2003) Matern Child Health J, 7 (3), pp. 179-186. , [PubMed Abstract] [Publisher Full Text]; Tamim, H., Terro, A., Kassem, H., Ghazi, A., Khamis, T.A., Hay, M.M., Musharrafieh, U., Tobacco use by university students, Lebanon, 2001 (2003) Addiction, 98 (7), pp. 933-939. , [PubMed Abstract][Publisher Full Text]; Maziak, W., Eissenberg, T., Asfar, T., Rastam, S., Hammal, F., Bachir, M.E., Fouad, M.F., Ward, K.D., Beliefs and attitudes related to narghile smoking among university students in Syria (2004) Ann Epidemiol, , in press. Return to citation in text: [1] [2] [3]; The global youth tobacco survey collaborative group: Tobacco use among youth: A cross-country comparison (2002) Tob Cont, 11, pp. 252-270. , [Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]; Bedwani, R., El-Khwsky, F., Renganathan, E., Braga, C., Abu Seif, H.H., Abul Azm, T., Zaki, A., La Vecchia, C., Epidemiology of bladder cancer in Alexandria, Egypt: Tobacco smoking (1997) Int J Cancer, 73, pp. 64-67. , [PubMed Abstract][Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]; Gupta, P.C., Murti, P.R., Bhonsle, R.B., Epidemiology of cancer by tobacco products and the significance of TSNA (1996) Crit Rev Toxicol, 26, pp. 183-198. , [PubMed Abstract] Return to citation in text: [1]; Jabbour, S., El-Roueiheb, Z., Sibai, A.M., Narghile (water-pipe) smoking and incident coronary heart disease: A case-control study (2003) Ann Epidemiol, 13, p. 570. , [Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]; Kiter, G., Ucan, E.S., Ceylan, E., Kilinc, O., Water-pipe smoking and pulmonary functions (2000) Respir Med, 94, pp. 891-894. , [PubMed Abstract] [Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]; Maziak, W., Eissenberg, T.E., Ward, K.D., Factors related to level of narghile use: The first insights on tobacco dependence in narghile users (2004) Drug Alcohol Depend, , in press. Return to citation in text: [1]; Kandela, P., Nargile smoking keeps Arabs in wonderland (2000) Lancet, 356, p. 1175. , [PubMed Abstract] Return to citation in text: [1]; Shafagoj, Y.A., Mohammed, F.I., Levels of maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide and certain cardiovascular parameters following hubble-bubble smoking (2002) Saud Med J, 23, pp. 953-958. , Return to citation in text: [1]; Shihadeh, A., Investigation of mainstream smoke aerosol of the argileh water pipe (2003) Food Chem Toxicol, 41, pp. 143-152. , [PubMed Abstract] [Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1] UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4544327826&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2458-4-32&partnerID=40&md5=bc415a5dcf46a56ed6ea03a69f4e6519 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria T2 - BMC public health J2 - BMC Public Health VL - 4 SP - 32 PY - 2004 SN - 14712458 (ISSN) AU - Rastam, S. AU - Ward, K.D. AU - Eissenberg, T. AU - Maziak, W. AD - Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria. samer@scts-sy.org AB - BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is becoming a global public health problem, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). METHODS: We try in this study, which is a cross sectional survey among a representative sample of waterpipe smokers in cafes/restaurants in Aleppo-Syria, to assess the time period for the beginning of this new smoking hype. We recruited 268 waterpipe smokers (161 men, 107 women; mean age +/- standard deviation (SD) 30.1 +/- 10.2, response rate 95.3%). Participants were divided into 4 birth cohorts (1980) and year of initiation of waterpipe smoking and daily cigarette smoking were plotted according to these birth cohorts. RESULTS: Data indicate that unlike initiation of cigarette smoking, which shows a clear age-related pattern, the nineties was the starting point for most of waterpipe smoking implicating this time period for the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria. CONCLUSION: The introduction of new flavored and aromatic waterpipe tobacco (Maassel), and the proliferation of satellite and electronic media during the nineties may have helped spread the new hype all over the Arab World. KW - water KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - attitude to health KW - catering service KW - comparative study KW - cross-sectional study KW - epidemiology KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - middle aged KW - perception KW - psychology KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - socioeconomics KW - Syrian Arab Republic KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Restaurants KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking KW - Social Perception KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Syria KW - Water N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15294023 LA - English N1 - Chemicals/CAS: water, 7732-18-5; Water UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898231577&partnerID=40&md5=e95a53bd3c26a5ff635f26d36fd56928 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is the association of birth weight with premenopausal breast cancer risk mediated through childhood growth? T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 91 IS - 3 SP - 519 EP - 524 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601972 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Dos Santos Silva, I. AU - De Stavola, B.L. AU - Hardy, R.J. AU - Kuh, D.J. AU - McCormack, V.A. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, University College, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Several studies have found positive associations between birth weight and breast cancer risk at premenopausal ages. The mechanisms underlying this association are not known, but it is possible that it may be mediated through childhood growth. We examined data from a British cohort of 2176 women born in 1946 and for whom there were prospective measurements of birth weight and of body size throughout life. In all, 59 breast cancer cases occurred during follow-up, 21 of whom were known to be premenopausal. Women who weighed at least 4 kg at birth were five times (relative risk (RR) = 5.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.13, 22.5) more likely to develop premenopausal breast cancer than those who weighed less than 3 kg (P-value for linear trend = 0.03). This corresponded to an RR of 2.31 (0.95, 5.64) per 1 kg increase in birth weight. Birth weight was also a predictor of postnatal growth, that is, women who were heavy at birth remained taller and heavier throughout their childhood and young adulthood. However, the effect of birth weight on premenopausal breast cancer risk was only reduced slightly after simultaneous adjustment for height and body mass index (BMI) at age 2 years and height and BMI velocities throughout childhood and adolescence (adjusted RR = 1.94 (0.74, 5.14) per 1 kg increase in birth weight). The pathways through which birth weight is associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk seem to be largely independent of those underlying the relation of postnatal growth to risk. © 2004 Cancer Research UK. KW - Birth weight KW - Body mass index KW - Breast cancer KW - Growth KW - Height KW - Menarche KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - breast cancer KW - cancer risk KW - child KW - child growth KW - childhood KW - confidence interval KW - female KW - follow up KW - height KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - measurement KW - menarche KW - premenopause KW - priority journal KW - velocity KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Menarche KW - Middle Aged KW - Premenopause KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :46 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJCAA C2 - 15266328 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dos Santos Silva, I.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: isabel.silva@lshtm.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: G9819083, Research Councils UK, Research Councils UK N1 - Funding text: The MRC National Survey of Health and Development is funded by the UK Medical Research Council. This work was conducted within the MRC Co-Operative on ‘Life-course and trans-generational influences on disease risk’ (Grant No. G9819083). N1 - References: Clayton, D., Hills, M., Statistical Methods in Epidemiology (1993) Oxford: Oxford University Press; De Stavola, B.L., Dos Santos Silva, I., McCormack, V., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Childhood growth and breast cancer (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 159, pp. 671-682; De Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Dos Santos Silva, I., Wadsworth, M., Swerdlow, A.J., Birth weight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British birth cohort (2000) Br J Cancer, 83, pp. 964-968; Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B.L., Mann, V., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Prenatal factors, childhood growth trajectories and age at menarche (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 405-412; Ekbom, A., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.-O., Hsieh, C.-C., Lan, S.-J., Evidence of prenatal influences on breast cancer risk (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 1015-1018; Hankinson, S.E., Willett, W.C., Colditz, G.A., Hunter, D.J., Michaud, D.S., Deroo, B., Rosner, B., Pollak, M., Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of breast cancer (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1393-1396; Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Katsouyanni, K., Yuasa, S., Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: Associations and interactions in an international case-control study (1990) Int J Cancer, 46, pp. 796-800; Hübinette, A., Lichtenstein, P., Ekbom, A., Cnattingius, S., Birth characteristics and breast cancer risk: A study among like-sexed twins (2001) Int J Cancer, 91, pp. 248-251; Innes, K., Byers, T., Schymura, M., Birth characteristics and subsequent risk for breast cancer in very young women (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 1121-1128; Kaaks, R., Lundin, E., Manjer, J., Rinaldi, S., Biessy, C., Söderberg, S., Lenner, P., Hallmans, G., Prospective study of IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins, and breast cancer risk, in northern and southern Sweden (2002) Cancer Causes Control, 13, pp. 307-316; Kaijser, M., Litchtenstein, P., Granath, F., Erlandsson, G., Cnattingius, S., Ekbom, A., In utero exposures and breast cancer: A study of opposite-sexed twins (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst, 93, pp. 60-62; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study (2003) J Br Menop Soc, 9, pp. 55-60; Luo, Z.C., Cheung, Y.B., He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Growth in early life and its relation to pubertal growth (2003) Epidemiology, 14, pp. 65-73; McCormack, V.A., Dos Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B.L., Moshen, R., Leon, D., Lithell, H.O., Foetal growth and subsequent risk of breast cancer: Results from a long-term follow-up of a Swedish cohort of over 5000 women (2003) BMJ, 326, pp. 248-251; Michels, K.B., Trichopoulos, D., Robins, J.M., Rosner, B.A., Manson, J.E., Hunter, D.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Birth weight as a risk factor for breast cancer (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1542-1546; Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., Malone, K.E., Stanford, J.L., Emanuel, I., White, E., Daling, J.R., Perinatal factors and the risk of breast cancer (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 34-37; Schafer, J.L., Multiple imputation: A primer (1999) Stat Methods Med Res, 8, pp. 3-15; Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M., Steffensen, F.H., Fischer, P., Sørensen, T.I., Birth weight and length as predictors for adult height (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 726-729; Tanner, J.M., (1989) Foetus into Man. Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, 2nd Edn., , Ware (Herts): Castlemead Publications; Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Re-analysis of nine prospective studies (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 606-616; Thomas, H.V., Key, T.J., Allen, D.S., Moore, J.W., Dowsett, M., Fentiman, I.S., Wang, D.Y., A prospective study of endogenous serum hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women in the island of Guernsey (1997) Br J Cancer, 75, pp. 1075-1079; Titus-Ernstoff, L., Egan, K.M., Newcomb, P.A., Ding, J., Trentham-Dietz, A., Greenberg, E.R., Baron, J.A., Willett, W.C., Early life factors in relation to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (2002) Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev, 11, pp. 207-210; Toniolo, P., Brunning, P.F., Akhmedkhanov, A., Bonfrer, J.M., Koenig, K.L., Lukanova, A., Shore, R.E., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and breast cancer (2000) Int J Cancer, 88, pp. 828-832; Trichopoulos, D., Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 939-940; Trichopoulos, D., Intrauterine environment, mammary gland mass and breast cancer risk (2003) Breast Cancer Res, 5, pp. 42-44; Tuvemo, T., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Prediction of male adult stature using anthropometric data at birth: A nationwide population-based study (1999) Pediatr Res, 46, pp. 491-495; Vach, W., Blettner, M., Missing data in epidemiological studies (2000) Encyclopedia of Epidemiological Methods, pp. 598-612. , Gail MH, Benichou J (eds) New York: John Wiley; Van Den Brandt, P.A., Spiegelman, D., Yaun, S.-S., Adami, H.O., Beeson, L., Folsom, A.R., Fraser, G., Hunter, D.J., Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 514-527; Vatten, L.J., Mæhle, B.O., Lund Nilsen, T.I., Tretli, S., Hsieh, C.-C., Trichopoulos, D., Trichopoulos, D., Stuver, S.O., Birth weight as a predictor of breast cancer: A case-control study in Norway (2002) Br J Cancer, 86, pp. 89-91; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworth, S.L., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D.J., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., Hilder, W.S., Connor, M., The life course prospective design; an example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc Sci Med, 57, pp. 2193-2205; Yen, S.C.C., Endocrinology of pregnancy (1989) Journal Title: Maternal-Fetal Medicine, pp. 375-403. , Creasy RK, Resnic R (eds) Philadelphia: WB Saunders UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4143133439&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6601972&partnerID=40&md5=4677dbfa8760cb155f0dec07ced426a9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relation between children's height and outdoor air pollution from coal-burning sources in the British 1946 birth cohort T2 - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health J2 - Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health VL - 77 IS - 6 SP - 383 EP - 386 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1007/s00420-004-0522-5 SN - 03400131 (ISSN) AU - Bobak, M. AU - Richards, M. AU - Wadsworth, M. AD - Intl. Centre for Health and Society, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health/Devmt., Dept. of Epiddemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Objective: Air pollution is associated with a number of health outcomes in childhood. In this study, we investigated whether air pollution is related to children's height. Methods: The 1946 British birth cohort study recruited 5,362 children born in 1 week in March 1946. Height was measured when the children were aged 2, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 15 years. Data on socio-economic conditions and other characteristics were obtained in interviews. Areas of children's residence were categorised into four groups of air pollution on the basis of published coal-consumption data. Results: After controlling for socio-economic factors, we found that air pollution was associated with children's height at several ages. The association, adjusted for socio-economic factors, was strongest at the age of 7 years, when children in the most polluted areas were 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.5-1.8) cm shorter than those in the least polluted areas. After the age of 7 years the effect of air pollution diminished and disappeared by the age of 15 years. Further adjustment for birth weight and respiratory illness in childhood did not change this pattern. Conclusions: Children's height was inversely associated with air pollution, but the magnitude of the effect depended on age. However, the biological mechanisms linking children's growth with air pollution are not evident, and it remains to be confirmed whether the relationship is genuine and causal. © Springer-Verlag 2004. KW - Air pollution KW - Children KW - Growth KW - Height KW - Outdoor KW - coal KW - adolescent KW - air pollution KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - child KW - child growth KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - demography KW - energy resource KW - environmental exposure KW - female KW - health hazard KW - human KW - interview KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - respiratory tract disease KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Air Pollutants KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Coal KW - Cookery KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Great Britain KW - Growth KW - Heating KW - Humans KW - Interviews KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IAOHD C2 - 15338223 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bobak, M.; Intl. Centre for Health and Society, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: m.bobak@ucl.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Air Pollutants; Coal N1 - Funding details: RCUK, Research Councils UK N1 - Funding text: Acknowledgements The study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council. N1 - References: Berkey, C.S., Dockery, D.W., Wang, X., Wypij, D., Ferris, B.G., Height velocity standards for US adolescents (2003) Stat. Med., 12, pp. 403-414; Bobak, M., Outdoor air pollution, birth weight and prematurity (2000) Environ. Health Perspect., 108, pp. 173-176; Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., Air pollution and infant mortality in the Czech Republic, 1986-88 (1992) Lancet., 340, pp. 1010-1014; Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., The effect of air pollution on infant mortality appears specific for respiratory causes in the postneonatal period (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 666-670; Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., Pregnancy outcomes and outdoor air pollution: An ecological study in districts of the Czech Republic 1986-1988 (1999) Occup. Environ. Med., 56, pp. 539-543; Bobak, M., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M., Air pollution and low birth weight in Britain in 1946 (2001) Epidemiology, 12, pp. 358-359; Health effects of outdoor air pollution (1996) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 153, pp. 3-50. , Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society; Dejmek, J., Selevan, S.G., Benes, I., Pilcik, T., Sram, R.J., Fetal growth and maternal exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy (1999) Environ. Health Perspect., 107, pp. 475-480; Douglas, J.W.B., Waller, R.E., Air pollution and respiratory infection in children (1966) Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 20, pp. 1-8; Eskenazi, B., Bergmann, J.J., Passive and active maternal smoking during pregnancy, as measured by serum cotinine, and postnatal smoke exposure. I. Effects on physical growth at age 5 years (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol., 142 (9 SUPPL.), pp. S10-S18; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children: Results from the National Child Development (1971) Study Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Jedrychowski, W., Maugeri, U., Jedrychowska-Bianchi, I., Body growth rate in preadolescent children and outdoor air quality (2002) Environ. Res., 90, pp. 12-20; Lipfert, F.W., (1994) Air Pollution and Community Health. A Critical Review and Data Source Book, , 1st edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York; Pikhart, H., Bobak, M., Kriz, B., Air pollution and height of preschool children in the Czech Republic (2002) Epidemiology, 13 (SUPPL.), pp. S178. , (Abstract presented at the 14th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology in Vancouver, Canada, 11-15 August 2002); Raizenne, M., Dales, R., Burnett, R., Air pollution exposures and children's health (1998) Can. J. Public Health, 89 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S43-S53; Ritz, B., Yu, F., The effect of ambient carbon monoxide on low birth weight among children born in Southern California between 1989 and 1993 (1999) Environ. Health Perspect., 107, pp. 17-25; Ritz, B., Yu, F., Chapa, G., Fruin, S., Effect of air pollution on preterm birth among children born in Southern California between 1989-1993 (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 502-511; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Me. Bull., 37, pp. 265-272; Schwela, D., Air pollution and health in urban areas (2000) Rev. Environ. Health, 15, pp. 13-42; Tanner, J.M., Davies, P., Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children (1985) J. Pediatr., 107, pp. 317-328; Wadsworth, M.E.J., The imprint of time: Childhood, history and adult life (1991), London Clarendon Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworh, S.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., Connor, M., The life course design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc. Sci. Med., 57, pp. 2193-2205; Woodruff, T.J., Grillo, J., Schoendorf, K.C., The relationship between selected causes of postneonatal infant mortality and particulate air pollution in the United States (1997) Environ. Health Perspect., 105, pp. 608-612 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644297443&doi=10.1007%2fs00420-004-0522-5&partnerID=40&md5=0fef69dfa371fb4bf7f7bae4dd6826f2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birthweight and work participation in adulthood T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 849 EP - 856 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh111 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Kristensen, P. AU - Bjerkedal, T. AU - Irgens, L.M. AD - Natl. Inst. of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway AD - Div. of Military Medical Res./Devmt., Joint Norwegian Medical Services, 0753 Oslo, Norway AD - Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Locus of Registry Based Epidemiology, University of Bergen, 5018 Bergen, Norway AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway AB - Background. In a number of studies, birthweight has been associated with cognition and educational attainment into adult age. However, the association is not clear between birthweight and work participation in adulthood. We investigated this association assessing to which extent it was influenced by circumstances concerning family background or disease in early life. Methods. Through linkage between several national registers containing personal information from birth into adult age we established a longitudinal, population-based cohort study. Study participants were all 308 829 singletons born in Norway in 1967-1971 as registered by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway who were national residents at age 29. The study outcome was unemployment defined as a lack of personal income among people who were not under education in the calendar year of their 29th birthday as registered by the National Insurance Administration and Statistics Norway. Results. Birthweight below the standardized mean was associated with unemployment. The risk of unemployment increased by decreasing birthweight for both women and men and also after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The association was evident both in people with or without social disadvantage, as well as people with or without childhood disease. Still, birthweight below the standardized mean explained much less of the unemployment risk than did social disadvantage (attributable fractions 8.0% versus 28.3% for women and 10.0% versus 40.2% for men). Conclusion. Birthweight below the standardized mean was independently associated with unemployment at age 29, also in the normal birthweight range. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Adult KW - Birthweight KW - Child KW - Cohort studies KW - Employment KW - Follow-up studies KW - Social environment KW - labor participation KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - education KW - employment KW - family KW - female KW - health insurance KW - human KW - income KW - longitudinal study KW - low birth weight KW - male KW - medical assessment KW - Norway KW - outcomes research KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - register KW - risk assessment KW - social environment KW - standardization KW - statistics KW - unemployment KW - work capacity KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Norway KW - Prevalence KW - Risk KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Unemployment N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15166206 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kristensen, P.; Natl. Inst. of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway; email: petter.kristensen@stami.no N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmonds, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Power, C., Li, L., Manor, O., A prospective study of limiting longstanding illness in early adulthood (2000) Int. J. 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Assoc., 283, pp. 625-632; Phillips, D.I.W., Handelsman, D.J., Eriksson, J.G., Forsén, T., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Prenatal growth and subsequent marital status: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 771; Dahl, E., Social mobility and health: Cause or effect? More likely that adverse social circumstances cause ill health than the other way around (editorial) (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 435-436; Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Sociol. Health Illness, 15, pp. 1-15; Irgens, L.M., The Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years (2000) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 79, pp. 435-439; (1997) Births in Norway Through 30 Years, , Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Bergen: Medical Birth Registry of Norway; Bjerkedal, T., Thune, O., Basic benefit and attendance benefit to children in Norway - Prevalence and cause specific rates (1994) Tidsskr Nor Lœgeforen, 114, pp. 1941-1945; Preston, D.L., Lubin, J.H., Pierce, D.A., McConney, M.E., (1993) Epicure, , Seattle: Hirosoft International Corporation; Greenland, S., Application of stratified analysis methods (1997) Modern Epidemiology, pp. 281-300. , Rothman KJ, Greenland S (eds). 2nd Edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478; Burström, B., Whitehead, M., Lindholm, C., Diderichsen, F., Inequality in the social consequences of illness: How well do people with long-term illness fare in the British and Swedish labor markets? (2000) Int. J. Health Serv., 30, pp. 435-451; Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Frankel, S., How policy informs the evidence (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 184-185. , (editorial); Rose, G., Sick individuals and sick populations (1985) Int. J. Epidemiol., 14, pp. 32-38 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644352996&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh111&partnerID=40&md5=cf9f24dfe73251f6b3c37e7f5b01285e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Review of an institutional experience of coronary arterial fistulas in childhood set in context of review of the literature T2 - Cardiology in the Young J2 - Cardiol. Young VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 380 EP - 385 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1017/S1047951104004056 SN - 10479511 (ISSN) AU - Holzer, R. AU - Johnson, R. AU - Ciotti, G. AU - Pozzi, M. AU - Kitchiner, D. AD - Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, United Kingdom AB - Coronary artery fistulas are uncommon in children. We conducted a retrospective review of the case notes of 17 children who presented to our institution with the diagnosis of a coronary fistula since 1970. Their median age was 2.3 years. In five patients, there were associated congenital cardiac anomalies, with four having these as part of the spectrum of tetralogy of Fallot. Surgical correction was performed in nine patients, while in five closure was achieved using percutaneous embolization with coils. No complications or deaths were encountered related to the treatments chosen. In two patients, further procedures were needed to close residual fistulas. The median follow-up was 16 years, and on echocardiography, all fistulas appeared to be successfully closed, albeit that we lost three patients to follow up. We also conducted a review of 426 cases of coronary fistulas reported in children in the English literature. We have compared these findings with our institutional experience. © Cambridge University Press. KW - Congenital KW - Coronary vessel anomalies KW - Heart defects KW - Retrospective study KW - Review of reported cases KW - age distribution KW - angiocardiography KW - blood vessel fistula KW - child KW - comparative study KW - congenital heart malformation KW - coronary vessel malformation KW - female KW - follow up KW - hospitalization KW - human KW - incidence KW - infant KW - male KW - methodology KW - newborn KW - postoperative complication KW - preschool child KW - retrospective study KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - sex ratio KW - time KW - transesophageal echocardiography KW - treatment outcome KW - United Kingdom KW - vascular surgery KW - Age Distribution KW - Arterio-Arterial Fistula KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Coronary Angiography KW - Coronary Vessel Anomalies KW - Echocardiography, Transesophageal KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Heart Defects, Congenital KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Postoperative Complications KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Sex Distribution KW - Time Factors KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Vascular Surgical Procedures N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CYAOB C2 - 15680043 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kitchiner, D.; Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, United Kingdom; email: denise.kitchiner@rlch-tr.nwest.nhs.uk N1 - References: Knippel, M., Ravizza, P., Gullace, G., Bana, G., Savoia, M., Locatelli, V., Colombi, P., An unusual case of congenital double coronary arteriovenous fistula (1982) Chest, 81, pp. 382-384; Ogden, J.A., Secondary coronary arterial fistulas (1971) J Pediatr, 78, pp. 78-85; Mahoney, L.T., Schieken, R.M., Lauer, R.M., Spontaneous closure of a coronary artery fistula in childhood (1982) Pediatr Cardiol, 2, pp. 311-312; Urrutia-S, C.O., Falaschi, G., Ott, D.A., Cooley, D.A., Surgical management of 56 patients with congenital coronary artery fistulas (1983) Ann Thorac Surg, 35, pp. 300-307; Wilde, P., Watt, I., Congenital coronary artery fistulas: Six new cases with a collective review (1980) Clin Radiol, 31, pp. 301-311; Sherwood, M.C., Rockenmacher, S., Colan, S.D., Geva, T., Prognostic significance of clinically silent coronary artery fistulas (1999) Am J Cardiol, 83, pp. 407-411; Mavroudis, C., Backer, C.L., Rocchini, A.P., Muster, A.J., Gevitz, M., Coronary artery fistulas in infants and children: A surgical review and discussion of coil embolization (1997) Ann Thorac Surg, 63, pp. 1235-1242; De Nef, J.J., Varghese, P.J., Losekoot, G., Congenital coronary artery fistula. Analysis of 17 cases (1971) Br Heart J, 33, pp. 857-862; Wong, K.T., Menahem, S., Coronary arterial fistulas in childhood (2000) Cardiol Young, 10, pp. 15-20; Dabizzi, R.P., Teodori, G., Barletta, G.A., Caprioli, G., Baldrighi, G., Baldrighi, V., Associated coronary and cardiac anomalies in the tetralogy of Fallot (1990) An Angiographic Study. Eur Heart J, 11, pp. 692-704; Brenner, J.I., Burwell, L.R., Hubbell, M.M., Newton Jr., M.C., Krovetz, L.J., Nolan, S.P., Single coronary artery with a fistula to the main pulmonary artery in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot (1977) Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 73, pp. 738-741; Lowe, J.E., Oldham Jr., H.N., Sabiston Jr., D.C., Surgical management of congenital coronary artery fistulas (1981) Ann Surg, 194, pp. 373-380; McNamara, J.J., Gross, R.E., Congenital coronary artery fistula (1969) Surgery, 65, pp. 59-69; Satou, G.M., Perry, S.B., Gauvreau, K., Geva, T., Echocardiographic predictors of coronary artery pathology in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (2000) Am J Cardiol, 85, pp. 1319-1324; Liberthson, R.R., Sagar, K., Berkoben, J.P., Weintraub, R.M., Levine, F.H., Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula. Report of 13 patients, review of the literature and delineation of management (1979) Circulation, 59, pp. 849-854; Morgan, J.R., Forker, A.D., O'Sullivan Jr., M.J., Fosburg, R.G., Coronary arterial fistulas: Seven cases with unusual features (1972) Am J Cardiol, 30, pp. 432-436; Qureshi, S.A., Tynan, M., Catheter closure of coronary artery fistulas (2001) J Interv Cardiol, 14, pp. 299-307; Hakim, F., Madani, A., Goussous, Y., Cao, Q.L., Hijazi, Z.M., Transcatheter closure of a large coronary arteriovenous fistula using the new Amplatzer Duct Occluder (1998) Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn, 45, pp. 155-157; Okubo, M., Nykanen, D., Benson, L.N., Outcomes of transcatheter embolization in the treatment of coronary artery fistulas (2001) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 52, pp. 510-517; Pedra, C.A., Pihkala, J., Nykanen, D.G., Benson, L.N., Antegrade transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulas using vascular occlusion devices (2000) Heart, 83, pp. 94-96; Sadiq, M., Wilkinson, J.L., Qureshi, S.A., Successful occlusion of a coronary arteriovenous fistula using an Amplatzer Duct Occluder (2001) Cardiol Young, 11, pp. 84-87; Thomson, L., Webster, M., Wilson, N., Transcatheter closure of a large coronary artery fistula with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (1999) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 48, pp. 188-190; Holzer, R., Waller III, B.R., Kahana, M., Hijazi, Z.M., Percutaneous closure of a giant coronary arteriovenous fistula using multiple devices in a 2-day-old neonate (2003) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 60, pp. 291-294 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20544437420&doi=10.1017%2fS1047951104004056&partnerID=40&md5=232dae743e651e1472bec75a83c30c93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk T2 - Bone J2 - Bone VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 375 EP - 382 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.bone.2004.03.024 SN - 87563282 (ISSN) AU - Kanis, J.A. AU - Johnell, O. AU - De Laet, C. AU - Johansson, H. AU - Oden, A. AU - Delmas, P. AU - Eisman, J. AU - Fujiwara, S. AU - Garnero, P. AU - Kroger, H. AU - McCloskey, E.V. AU - Mellstrom, D. AU - Melton, L.J. AU - Pols, H. AU - Reeve, J. AU - Silman, A. AU - Tenenhouse, A. AD - WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. B., Univ. of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom AD - Department of Orthopaedics, Malmo General Hospital, Sweden AD - Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Consulting Statistician, Gothenburg, Sweden AD - INSERM Unite 403, Hopital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France AD - Bone and Mineral Research, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW, Australia AD - Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland AD - Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Goteborg, Sweden AD - Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States AD - Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - ARC Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom AD - Division of Bone Metabolism, The Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada AD - WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. B., Univ. of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, United Kingdom AB - Previous fracture is a well-documented risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 15259 men and 44902 women from 11 cohorts comprising EVOS/EPOS, OFELY, CaMos, Rochester, Sheffield, Rotterdam, Kuopio, DOES, Hiroshima, and two cohorts from Gothenburg. Cohorts were followed for a total of 250000 person-years. The effect of a prior history of fracture on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson model for each sex from each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex, and BMD. The results of the different studies were merged by using the weighted β-coefficients. A previous fracture history was associated with a significantly increased risk of any fracture compared with individuals without a prior fracture (RR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.75-1.98). The risk ratio was similar for the outcome of osteoporotic fracture or for hip fracture. There was no significant difference in risk ratio between men and women. Risk ratio (RR) was marginally downward adjusted when account was taken of BMD. Low BMD explained a minority of the risk for any fracture (8%) and for hip fracture (22%). The risk ratio was stable with age except in the case of hip fracture outcome where the risk ratio decreased significantly with age. We conclude that previous history of fracture confers an increased risk of fracture of substantial importance beyond that explained by measurement of BMD. Its validation on an international basis permits the use of this risk factor in case finding strategies. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Hip fracture KW - Meta-analysis KW - Osteoporotic fracture KW - Prior fracture KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - aged KW - anamnesis KW - article KW - bone density KW - bone mineral KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - fracture KW - fragility fracture KW - hip fracture KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - Poisson distribution KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - statistical parameters KW - statistical significance KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Bone Density KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Fractures, Bone KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Osteoporosis KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Risk Assessment N1 - Cited By :636 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BONED C2 - 15268886 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kanis, J.A.; WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. 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AU - Smith, P. AU - Hancock, B.W. AU - Hoskin, P. AU - Gilson, D. AU - Vernon, C. AU - Linch, D.C. AD - Royal Free/Univ. College Med. School, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom AD - Yorkshire Cancer Research, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield S10 2SJ, United Kingdom AD - Department of Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom AD - Department of Oncology, Cookridge Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom AD - Department of Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Haematology, University College London, 98 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom AB - It is unclear whether the outcome in adolescents with Hodgkin's lymphoma is as good as that in children and there are no prospective randomized trials comparing regimes used in children and adults in this setting. We have therefore performed an analysis of 210 adolescent patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma between 1970-1997 and registered on the database held by the British National Lymphoma Investigation. Patients were treated according to adult regimens current at the time of their diagnosis. The complete response rate recorded in 209 patients was 76%. This was highly dependent on disease stage being 95% in patients with localized disease but 63% in those with advanced disease. The 5 year event free survival for the whole cohort was 50% falling to 41% at 20 years with overall survival of 81% falling to 68% at 5 and 20 years respectively. There is no significant difference in the 3 decades pertaining to this analysis. Of the 62 deaths in this cohort, 70% were due to Hodgkin's lymphoma but of the 13 deaths occurring beyond 10 years, only 3 were due to Hodgkin's lymphoma, the reminder being attributable to the late effects of therapy. Results from paediatric groups have been much more encouraging than those presented from this cohort. It seems the use of risk-adjusted combined modality therapy with minimization of radiation fields and doses and reduction of anthracycline and alkylator exposure has been successful in children and should be used in adolescents. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd. KW - Adolescence KW - Hodgkin's disease KW - Hodgkin's lymphoma KW - Paediatric KW - Treatment KW - alkylating agent KW - anthracycline derivative KW - bleomycin KW - chlorambucil KW - chlormethine KW - doxorubicin KW - etoposide KW - prednisolone KW - procarbazine KW - vinblastine KW - vincristine sulfate KW - adolescent KW - advanced cancer KW - article KW - cancer localization KW - cancer mortality KW - cancer radiotherapy KW - cancer registry KW - cancer staging KW - cancer survival KW - cause of death KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data base KW - drug dose reduction KW - drug response KW - female KW - groups by age KW - Hodgkin disease KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - radiation field KW - risk assessment KW - treatment failure KW - treatment outcome KW - treatment planning KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols KW - Cohort Studies KW - Disease-Free Survival KW - Hodgkin Disease KW - Humans KW - Neoplasm Staging KW - Survival Rate KW - Time Factors KW - Treatment Outcome N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LELYE C2 - 15370209 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Linch, D.C.; Dept. of Hematology, University College London, 98 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom; email: d.linch@ucl.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: bleomycin, 11056-06-7; chlorambucil, 305-03-3; chlormethine, 51-75-2, 55-86-7, 82905-71-3; doxorubicin, 23214-92-8, 25316-40-9; etoposide, 33419-42-0; prednisolone, 50-24-8; procarbazine, 366-70-1, 671-16-9; vinblastine, 865-21-4; vincristine sulfate, 2068-78-2 N1 - Tradenames: leukeran N1 - References: Carbone, P.P., Kaplan, H.S., Musshoff, K., Smithers, D.W., Tubiana, M., "Report on the Committee on Hodgkin's Disease Staging Classification" (1971) Cancer Research, 31, p. 1860; Rosenberg, S.A., Boiron, M., DeVita, V.T., "Report on the committee on Hodgkin's disease staging procedures" (1971) Cancer Research, 31, p. 1864; Lister, T.A., Crowther, D., Sutcliffe, S.B., Glatstein, E., Canellos, G.P., Young, R.C., "Report of a Committee convened to discuss the evaluation and Staging of Patients with Hodgkin's disease: Cotswolds meeting" (1989) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 7 (11), pp. 1630-1636; Specht, L., Gray, R.G., Clarke, M.J., Peto, R., "Influence of more extensive radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy on long-term outcome of early-stage Hodgkin's disease: A meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials involving 3,888 patients. International Hodgkin's Disease Collaborative Group" (1998) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16 (3), pp. 830-843; DeVita Jr., V.T., Serpick, A.A., Carbone, P.P., "Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease" (1970) Annals of Internal Medicine, 73, pp. 881-895; Hancock, B.W., Vaughan, H.G., Vaughan, H.B., Haybittle, J.L., Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., "British National Lymphoma Investigation randomised study of MOPP (mustine, Oncovin, procarbazine, prednisolone) against LOPP (Leukeran substituted for mustine) in advanced Hodgkin's disease-long term results" (1991) British Journal of Cancer, 63 (4), pp. 579-582; McElwain, T.J., Toy, J., Smith, E., Peckham, M.J., Austin, D.E., "A combination of chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisolone for treatment of Hodgkin's disease" (1977) British Journal of Cancer, 36, pp. 276-280; Bonadonna, G., Zucali, R., Monfardini, S., De Lena, M., Uslenghi, C., "Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide versus MOPP" (1975) Cancer, 36 (1), pp. 252-259; Viviani, S., Bonadonna, G., Santoro, A., Bonfante, V., Zanini, M., Devizzi, L., "Alternating versus hybrid MOPP and ABVD combinations in advanced Hodgkin's disease: Ten-year results" (1996) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 14 (5), pp. 1424-1430; Canellos, G.P., Anderson, J.R., Propert, K.J., Nissen, N., Cooper, M.R., Henderson, E.S., "Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD" (1992) New England Journal of Medicine, 327 (21), pp. 1478-1484; Duggan, D.B., Petroni, G.R., Johnson, J.L., Glick, J.H., Fisher, R.I., Connors, J.M., "Randomised comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV hybrid for the treatment of Advanced Hodgkin's disease: Report of an intergroup trial" (2003) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21 (4), pp. 607-614; Diehl, V., Franklin, J., Pfreundschuh, M., Lathan, B., Paulus, U., Hasenclever, D., "Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin's disease" (2003) New England Journal of Medicine, 348 (24), pp. 2386-2395; Hancock, S.L., Donaldson, S.S., Hoppe, R.T., "Cardiac disease following treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children and adolescents" (1993) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11 (7), pp. 1208-1215; Vaughan, H.B., Vaughan, H.G., Linch, D.C., Anderson, L., "Late mortality in young BNLI patients cured of Hodgkin's disease" (1994) Annals of Oncology, 5 (SUPPL. 2), pp. s65-s66; Ng, A.K., Bernardo, M.P., Weller, E., Backstrand, K.H., Silver, B., Marcus, K.C., "Long-term survival and competing causes of death in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease treated at age 50 or younger" (2002) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20 (8), pp. 2101-2108; Hancock, S.L., Tucker, M.A., Hoppe, R.T., "Factors affecting late mortality from heart disease after treatment of Hodgkin's disease" (1993) Journal of American Medical Association, 270 (16), pp. 1949-1955; Schellong, G., "Treatment of children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease: The experience of the German-Austrian Paediatric Study Group" (1996) Baillieres Clinical Haematology, 9 (3), pp. 619-634; Schellong, G., Potter, R., Bramswig, J., Wagner, W., Prott, F.J., Dorffel, W., "High cure rates and reduced long-term toxicity in pediatric Hodgkin's disease: The German-Austrian multicenter trial DAL-HD-90 (1999) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 17 (12), pp. 3736-3744. , The German-Austrian Pediatric Hodgkin's Disease Study Group"; Donaldson, S.S., Link, M.P., "Combined modality treatment with low-dose radiation and MOPP chemotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease" (1997) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5 (5), pp. 742-749; Hutchinson, R.J., Fryer, C.J., Davis, P.C., Nachman, J., Krailo, M.D., O'Brien, R.T., "MOPP or radiation in addition to ABVD in the treatment of pathologically staged advanced Hodgkin's disease in children: Results of the Children's Cancer Group Phase III Trial" (1998) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16 (3), pp. 897-906; Hunger, S.P., Link, M.P., Donaldson, S.S., "ABVD/MOPP and low-dose involved field radiotherapy in Pediatric Hodgkin's disease: The Stanford experience" (1994) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12 (10), pp. 2160-2166; Vecchi, V., Pileri, S., Burnelli, R., Bontempi, N., Comelli, A., Testi, A.M., "Treatment of pediatric Hodgkin disease tailored to stage, mediastinal mass, and age. An Italian (AIEOP) multicenter study on 215 patients" (1993) Cancer, 72 (6), pp. 2049-2057; Vecchi, V., Burnelli, R., Di Fabio, F., Frezza, G., "Childhood Hodgkin's disease: Results of the Italian multicentric study AIEOP-MH'89-CNR" (1997) Medical Paediatric Oncology, 29 (5), p. 434; Vaughan-Hudson, B., "The BNLI: Past and Present" (1998) Clinical Oncology, 10, pp. 212-218. , on behalf of the British National Lymphoma Investigation; Clarke, C.A., Glaser, S.L., Prehn, A.W., "Age-specific survival after Hodgkin's disease in a population-based cohort (United States)" (2001) Cancer Causes Control, 12 (9), pp. 803-812; Weiner, M.A., Levanthal, B.G., Marcus, R., "Intensive chemotherapy and low-dose radiotherapy for the treatment of advanced stage Hodgkin's disease in pediatric patients: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study" (1991) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 9 (9), pp. 1591-1598; "Initial treatment of stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease. Comparison of radiotherapy with combined chemotherapy. British National Lymphoma Investigation" (1976) Lancet, pp. 991-996. , British National Lymphoma Investigation. (1976); Jones, S.E., Haut, A., Weick, J.K., Wilson, H.E., Grozea, P., Fabian, C.J., "Comparison of adriamycin-containing chemotherapy (MOP-BAP) with MOPP-Bleomycin in the management of advanced Hodgkin's disease. A Southwest Oncology Group Study" (1983) Cancer, 51, pp. 1339-1347; Hancock, B.W., Vaughan, H.G., Vaughan, H.B., Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., Haybittle, J.L., "LOPP alternating with EVAP is superior to LOPP alone in the initial treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: Results of a British National Lymphoma Investigation trial" (1992) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10 (8), pp. 1252-1258; Hancock, B.W., Gregory, W.M., Cullen, M.H., Hudson, G.V., Burton, A., Selby, P., "ChlVPP alternating with PABlOE is superior to PABlOE alone in the initial treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: Results of a British National Lymphoma Investigation/Central Lymphoma Group randomized controlled trial" (2001) British Journal of Cancer, 84 (10), pp. 1293-1300; Cullen, M.H., Stuart, N.S., Woodroffe, C., Murphy, A., Fletcher, J., Blackledge, G.R., "ChlVPP/PABlOE and radiotherapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease. The Central Lymphoma Group" (1994) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12 (4), pp. 779-787; Tubiana, M., Henry-Amar, M., Hayat, M., Burgers, M., Qasim, M., Somers, R., "The EORTC treatment of early stage Hodgkin's disease: The role of radiotherapy" (1984) International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 10, p. 197; Swerdlow, A.J., Douglas, A.J., Hudson, G.V., Hudson, B.V., Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., "Risk of second primary cancers after Hodgkin's disease by type of treatment: Analysis of 2846 patients in the British National Lymphoma Investigation" (1992) British Medical Journal, 301, pp. 1137-1143; Frezzato, M., Castaman, G., Rodeghiero, F., "Fulminant sepsis in adults splenectomized for Hodgkin's disease" (1993) Haematologica, 78 (6 SUPPL. 2), pp. 73-77; Donaldson, S.S., Hancock, S.L., "Second cancers after Hodgkin's disease in childhood" (1996) New England Journal of Medicine, 334 (12), pp. 792-794; Yung, L., Linch, D.C., "Seminar in Hodgkin's Lymphoma" (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 943-951; Landman-Parker, J., Pacquement, H., Leblanc, T., Habrand, J.L., Terrier-Lacombe, M.J., Bertrand, Y., "Localised childhood Hodgkin's disease: Response-adapted chemotherapy with etoposide, bleomycin, vinblastine, and prednisone before low-dose radiation therapy-results of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology Study MDH90" (2000) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18 (7), pp. 1500-1507; Connors, J.M., Klimo, P., Adams, G., Burns, B.F., Cooper, I., Meyer, R.M., "Treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy-comparison of MOPP/ABV hybrid regimen with alternating courses of MOPP and ABVD: A report from the National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group" (1997) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15 (4), pp. 1638-1645; Bhatia, S., Robison, L.L., Oberlin, O., Greenberg, M., Bunin, G., Fossati-Bellani, F., "Breast cancer and other second neoplasms after childhood Hodgkin's disease" (1996) New England Journal of Medicine, 334 (12), pp. 745-751; Cutuli, B., Dhermain, F., Borel, C., de Larochefordiere, A., Graic, Y., de Lafontan, B., "Breast cancer in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease: Clinical and pathological analysis of 76 cases in 63 patients" (1997) European Journal of Cancer, 33 (14), pp. 2315-2320; Metayer, C., Lynch, C.F., Clarke, E.A., Glimelius, B., Storm, H., Pukkala, E., "Second cancers among long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in childhood and adolescence" (2000) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18 (12), pp. 2435-2443; Raemaekers, J., Kluin-Nelemans, H., Teodorovic, I., Meerwaldt, C., Noordijk, E., Thomas, J., "The achievements of the EORTC Lymphoma Group. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer" (2002) European Journal of Cancer, 38 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S107-S113; Levi, F., Lucchini, F., Negri, E., Boyle, P., La Vecchia, C., "Trends in mortality from Hodgkin's disease in western and eastern Europe" (2002) British Journal of Cancer, 87, pp. 291-293 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042731977&doi=10.1080%2f1042819042000209404&partnerID=40&md5=a1160bf66c60357c6c5b13da72fde322 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing faster than the prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency T2 - Annals of Internal Medicine J2 - Ann. Intern. Med. VL - 141 IS - 2 SP - 95 EP - 101+I PY - 2004 SN - 00034819 (ISSN) AU - Hsu, C.-Y. AU - Vittinghoff, E. AU - Li, F. AU - Shlipak, M.G. AD - Univ. of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States AD - Division of Nephrology, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 672 HSE, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0532, United States AB - Background: The steady increase in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence is a worldwide public health crisis. Objective: To determine whether the increasing incidence of ESRD in the United States is preceded by increased prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency. Design: Birth cohort analysis. Setting: Nationally representative Second and Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES II [1976-1980] and III [1988-1994]) and nationally comprehensive U.S. Renal Data System registry. Patients: Adults, 20 to 74 years of age, surveyed in NHANES II (midpoint, 1978) and NHANES III (midpoint, 1991), and adults, 25 to 79 years of age, who developed ESRD in 1983 and 1996. Measurements: Prevalent chronic renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 15 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and new ESRD cases. Results: From 1978 to 1991, the number of adults age 20 to 74 years with chronic renal insufficiency increased from 2.6 to 3.9 million, an increase in prevalence from 1970 to 2460 per 100 000 persons. However, the increased incidence of ESRD was even greater during this period. For every 1000 adults with chronic renal insufficiency in 1978, 9 new cases of ESRD developed in 1983, but every 1000 adults with chronic renal insufficiency in 1991 produced 16 new cases of ESRD in 1996 (relative risk, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.7]). Limitations: We could not follow individual patients with chronic renal insufficiency for the development of ESRD, and we used estimated rather than measured glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions: During the period examined, growth in incident ESRD outpaced growth in prevalent chronic renal insufficiency, demonstrating that the ESRD epidemic in the United States is not merely a function of more cases of kidney disease. Future research should examine other potential contributors to ESRD growth, such as improved survival from nonrenal diseases and more liberal entry into treatment programs. KW - adult KW - aged KW - chronic kidney failure KW - epidemic KW - female KW - glomerulus filtration rate KW - health survey KW - human KW - incidence KW - kidney failure KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - register KW - review KW - United States KW - article KW - chronic disease KW - disease course KW - kidney disease KW - middle aged KW - risk factor KW - United States KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Chronic Disease KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Disease Progression KW - Female KW - Glomerular Filtration Rate KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Kidney Diseases KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors KW - United States N1 - Cited By :183 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AIMEA C2 - 15262664 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hsu, C.-Y.; Division of Nephrology, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 672 HSE, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0532, United States; email: hsuchi@medicine.ucsf.edu N1 - References: Xue, J.L., Ma, J.Z., Louis, T.A., Collins, A.J., Forecast of the number of patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States to the year 2010 (2001) J Am Soc Nephrol, 12, pp. 2753-2758. , PMID: 11729245; Excerpts from the United States Renal Data Systems 2002 annual report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States (2003) Am J Kidney Dis, 41 (4 SUPPL. 2), pp. v-ix. , PMID: 12696022; Port, F.K., The end-stage renal disease program: Trends over the past 18 years (1992) Am J Kidney Dis, 20, pp. 3-7. , PMID: 1626554; Muntner, P., Coresh, J., Powe, N.R., Klag, M.J., The contribution of increased diabetes prevalence and improved myocardial infarction and stroke survival to the increase in treated end-stage renal disease (2003) J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, pp. 1568-1577. , PMID: 12761257; McDowell, A., Engel, A., Massey, J.T., Maurer, K., Plan and operation of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980 (1981) Vital Health Stat 1, pp. 1-144. , Series 1. [PMID: 7344293]; Plan and operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94. Series 1: Programs and collection procedures (1994) Vital Health Stat 1, (32), pp. 1-407. , PMID: 7975354; K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification (2002) Am J Kidney Dis, 39, pp. S1-S266. , PMID: 11904577; Levey, A.S., Bosch, J.P., Lewis, J.B., Greene, T., Rogers, N., Roth, D., A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation (1999) Ann Intern Med, 130, pp. 461-470. , Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. [PMID: 10075613]; Levey, A.S., Greene, T., Kusek, J.W., Beck, G.J., A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine (2000) J Am Soc Nephrol, 11, pp. 155A; Coresh, J., Astor, B.C., McQuillan, G., Kusek, J., Greene, T., Van Lente, F., Calibration and random variation of the serum creatinine assay as critical elements of using equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (2002) Am J Kidney Dis, 39, pp. 920-929. , PMID: 11979335; Harris, M.I., Hadden, W.C., Knowler, W.C., Bennett, P.H., Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and plasma glucose levels in U.S. population aged 20-74 yr (1987) Diabetes, 36, pp. 523-534. , PMID: 3817306; Harris, M.I., Flegal, K.M., Cowie, C.C., Eberhardt, M.S., Goldstein, D.E., Little, R.R., Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (1998) Diabetes Care, 21, pp. 518-524. , PMID: 9571335; Little, R.J., Rubin, D.B., (1987) Statistical Analysis with Missing Data, pp. 55-57. , New York: Wiley; Coresh, J., Wei, G.L., McQuillan, G., Brancati, F.L., Levey, A.S., Jones, C., Prevalence of high blood pressure and elevated serum creatinine level in the United States: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) (2001) Arch Intern Med, 161, pp. 1207-1216. , PMID: 11343443; Feller, W., (1957) An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications. 2nd Ed., , New York: Wiley; DuBois, D., DuBois, E.F., Clinical calorimetry: A formula to estimate the appropriate surface area if height and weight be known (1916) Arch Intern Med, 17, pp. 863-871; Cockcroft, D.W., Gault, M.H., Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine (1976) Nephron, 16, pp. 31-41. , PMID: 1244564; Hsu, C.Y., Lin, F., Vittinghoff, E., Shlipak, M.G., Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United States (2003) J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, pp. 2902-2907. , PMID: 14569100; NKF-DOQI clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal dialysis adequacy (1997) Am J Kidney Dis, 30, pp. S67-S136. , National Kidney Foundation. [PMID: 9293258]; II. NKF-K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal dialysis adequacy: Update 2000 (2001) Am J Kidney Dis, 37, pp. S65-S136. , PMID: 11229968; Hakim, R.M., Lazarus, J.M., Initiation of dialysis (1995) J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, pp. 1319-1328. , PMID: 8589305; Mattix, H.J., Hsu, C.Y., Shaykevich, S., Curhan, G., Use of the albumin/creatinine ratio to detect microalbuminuria: Implications of sex and race (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol, 13, pp. 1034-1039. , PMID: 11912263 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3142779938&partnerID=40&md5=9783139cda9ef9fae8c45b42630a9dfa ER - TY - JOUR TI - The cervical cancer epidemic that screening has prevented in the UK T2 - Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 364 IS - 9430 SP - 249 EP - 256 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16674-9 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Peto, P.J. AU - Gilham, P.C. AU - Fletcher, O. AU - Matthews, F.E. AD - London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., London, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom AD - MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom AB - Background Recent reports suggest that the reduction in mortality achieved by the UK national cervical screening programme is too small to justify its financial and psychosocial costs, except perhaps in a few high-risk women. Methods We analysed trends in mortality before 1988, when the British national screening programme was launched, to estimate what future trends in cervical cancer mortality would have been without any screening. Findings Cervical cancer mortality in England and Wales in women younger than 35 years rose three-fold from 1967 to 1987. By 1988, incidence in this age-range was among the highest in the world despite substantial opportunistic screening. Since national screening was started in 1988, this rising trend has been reversed. Interpretation Cervical screening has prevented an epidemic that would have killed about one in 65 of all British women born since 1950 and culminated in about 6000 deaths per year in this country. However, these estimates are subject to substantial uncertainty, particularly in relation to the effects of oral contraceptives and changes in sexual behaviour. 80% or more of these deaths (up to 5000 deaths per year) are likely to be prevented by screening, which means that about 100 000 (one in 80) of the 8 million British women born between 1951 and 1970 will be saved from premature death by the cervical screening programme at a cost per life saved of about £36 000. The birth cohort trends also provide strong evidence that the death rate throughout life is substantially lower in women who were first screened when they were younger. KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer mortality KW - cancer prevention KW - cancer screening KW - death KW - epidemic KW - female KW - health program KW - human KW - national health service KW - priority journal KW - time series analysis KW - United Kingdom KW - uterine cervix cancer KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Mass Screening KW - Middle Aged KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :481 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 15262102 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Peto, P.J.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: julian.peto@lshtm.ac.uk N1 - References: Levi, F., Lucchini, F., Negri, E., Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Cervical cancer mortality in young women in Europe: Patterns and trends (2000) Eur J Cancer, 36, pp. 2266-2271; Parkin, D.M., Nguyen-Dinh, X., Day, N.E., The impact of screening on the incidence of cervical cancer in England and Wales (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 150-157; Walboomers, J.M.M., Jacobs, M.V., Manos, M.M., Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide (1999) J Pathol, 189, pp. 12-19; Simms, I., Fairley, C.K., Epidemiology of genital warts in England and Wales: 1971 to 1994 (1997) Genitourin Med, 73, pp. 365-367; Dillner, J., Trends over time in the incidence of cervical neoplasia in comparison to trends over time in human papillomavirus infection (2000) J Clin Virol, 12, pp. 7-23; Nobbenhuis, M.A.E., Helmerhorst, T.J.M., Van Den Brule, A.J.C., Cytological regression and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus in women with abnormal cervical smear (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 1782-1783; Kitchener, H.C., Wheeler, P., Desai, M., The ARTISTIC Trial: A Randomised Trial in Screening to Improve Cytology (2004) 21st International Papillomavirus Conference, , Feb 20-26, 2004; Mexico City, Mexico: abstr 268; Deacon, J.M., Evans, C.D., Yule, R., Sexual behaviour and smoking as determinants of cervical HPV infection and of CIN3 among those infected: A case-control study nested within the Manchester cohort (2000) Br J Cancer, 83, pp. 1565-1572; Peto, J., Gilham, C., Deacon, J., Cervical HPV infection and neoplasia in a large population based prospective study: The Manchester cohort Br J Cancer, , (in press); Peyton, C.L., Schiffman, M., Lorincz, A.T., Comparison of PCR- and hybrid capture-based human papillomavirus detection systems using multiple cervical specimen collection strategies (1998) J Clin Microbiol, 36, pp. 3248-3254; Smith, J.S., Green, J., Berrington De Gonzalez, A., Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: A systematic review (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1159-1167; Castellsague, X., Bosch, F.X., Munoz, N., Environmental co-factors in HPV carcinogenesis (2002) Virus Res, 89, pp. 191-199; (1984) Social Trends, 14. , London: HMSO; (1994) Cervical Cytology 1992-93: Summary Information from Form KC53, , England. London: Department of Health; (2001) Cervical Screening Programme, England 2000-01: Statistical Bulletin 2001/22, , London: Department of Health; Sasieni, P., Adams, J., Effect of screening on cervical cancer mortality in England and Wales: Analysis of trends with an age period cohort model (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 1244-1245; WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS), , http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol II: The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies - IARC Scientific Publications No 82, 2. , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Van Ballegooijen, M., Van Den Akker-Van Marle, E., Patnick, J., Overview of important cervical cancer screening process values in European Union (EU) countries, and tentative predictions of the corresponding effectiveness and cost-effectiveness (2000) Eur J Cancer, 36, pp. 2177-2188; Parkin, D.M., Whelan, S.L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., (2000) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol VII: IARC Scientific Publications No 143, 7. , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Botting, B., Dunnell, K., Trends in fertility and contraception in the last quarter of the 20th century (2000) Popul Trends, 100, pp. 32-39; Johnson, A.M., Wadsworth, J., Wellings, K., Field, J., (1994) Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, , Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Press; Swerdlow, A., Dos Santos Silva, I., Doll, R., (2001) Cancer Incidence and Mortality in England and Wales: Trends and Risk Factors, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (2001) Sexually Transmitted Infections in the UK: New Episodes Seen at Genitourinary Medicine Clinics, 1995-2000, , http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/hiv_and_sti/publications/ sti_report2001.pdf, London: Public Health Laboratory Service; (2002) Social Trends, 32. , http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_social/Social_Trends32/ Social_Trends32.pdf, London: Stationery Office; Redburn, J.C., Murphy, M.F.G., Hysterectomy prevalence and adjusted cervical and uterine cancer rates in England and Wales (2001) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 108, pp. 388-395; Green, J., Berrington De Gonzalez, A., Sweetland, S., Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women aged 20-44 years: The UK national case-control study of cervical cancer (2003) Br J Cancer, 89, pp. 2078-2086; Green, J.A., Kirwan, J.M., Tierney, J.F., Survival and recurrence after concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer of the uterine cervix: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 781-786; Koss, L.G., Stewart, F.W., Foote, F.W., Jordan, M.J., Bader, G.M., Day, E., Some histological aspects of behavior of epidermoid carcinoma in situ and related lesions of the uterine cervix (1963) Cancer, 16, pp. 1160-1211; Elfgren, K., Jacobs, M., Walboomers, J.M., Meijer, C.J., Dillner, J., Rate of human papillomavirus clearance after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (2002) Obstet Gynecol, 100, pp. 965-971; McIndoe, W.A., McLean, M.R., Jones, R.W., Mullins, P.R., The invasive potential of carcinoma in situ of the cervix (1984) Obstet Gynecol, 64, pp. 451-458; Kinlen, L.J., Spriggs, A.I., Women with positive cervical smears but without surgical intervention: A follow-up study (1978) Lancet, 2, pp. 463-465; Sasieni, P., Adams, J., Cuzick, J., Benefit of cervical screening at different ages: Evidence from the UK audit of screening histories (2003) Br J Cancer, 89, pp. 88-93; Anttila, A., Pukkala, E., Soderman, B., Kallio, M., Nieminen, P., Hakama, M., Effect of organised screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Finland, 1963-1995: Recent increase in cervical cancer incidence (1999) Int J Cancer, 83, pp. 59-65; Miller, A.B., The (in)efficiency of cervical screening in Europe (2002) Eur J Cancer, 38, pp. 321-326; Sasieni, P., Adams, J., Changing rates of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix in England (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1490-1493; Quinn, M., Babb, P., Jones, J., Allen, E., Effect of screening on incidence of and mortality from cancer of cervix in England: Evaluation based on routinely collected statistics (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 904-1008; Lea, R., (2000) Healthcare in the UK: The Need for Reform, , London: Institute of Directors; Raffle, A.E., Alden, B., MacKenzie, E.F.D., Detection rates for abnormal cervical smears: What are we screening for? (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1469-1473; Raffle, A.E., Alden, B., Quinn, M., Babb, P.J., Brett, M.T., Outcomes of screening to prevent cancer: Analysis of cumulative incidence of cervical abnormality and modelling of cases and deaths prevented (2003) BMJ, 326, p. 901; Van Den Akker-Van Marle, M.E., Van Ballegooijen, M., Habbema, J.D.F., Low risk of cervical cancer during a long period after negative screening in the Netherlands (2003) Br J Cancer, 88, pp. 1054-1057; Screening for squamous cervical cancer: Duration of low risk after negative results of cervical cytology and its implication for screening policies (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 659-664 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242723235&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2804%2916674-9&partnerID=40&md5=9335a523db04abc2f9f913a07f11e0ca ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birthweight and psychological distress in adult twins: A longitudinal study T2 - Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics J2 - Acta Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr. VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 965 EP - 968 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/08035250410026824 SN - 08035253 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, Y.B. AU - Ma, S. AU - Machin, D. AU - Karlberg, J. AD - Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore AD - Epidemiol. and Dis. Control Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore AD - Clinical Trials Centre, University of Hong Kong, China AD - Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore AB - Aim: To assess the relation between birthweight and psychological distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory in adult twins. Methods: Data were drawn from the 1958 British birth cohort study, which included twins followed from birth to age 42 y. We examined the relation between birthweight and psychological distress at ages 23, 33 and 42 y measured by the psychological scale of the Malaise Inventory. Analyses were performed both between subjects (n = 282) and within twin pairs (n = 112). The generalized estimating equations approach was used to handle the repeated measurements. Results: Between the 282 twins, the difference in psychological distress score was -0.45 (95% confidence interval -0.74 to -0.15) per Z-score increase in birthweight- for-gestational age. Within twin pairs, the heavier co-twins tended to have a psychological distress score lower than that of their lighter co-twins, the mean difference being -0.35 (-0.78 to 0.09). Conclusion: Results from the between-subject analysis agreed with previous findings from adult singletons that psychological health is related to birthweight. The within-pair analysis suggested a similar relation but did not attain statistical significance. KW - Birthweight KW - Foetal growth KW - Psychological health KW - Twins KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - correlation analysis KW - distress syndrome KW - female KW - follow up KW - gestational age KW - human KW - information processing KW - male KW - measurement KW - mental stress KW - newborn KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - statistical significance KW - twins KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Regression (Psychology) KW - Regression Analysis KW - Sex Factors KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Time Factors KW - Twins N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APAEE C2 - 15303814 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.B.; Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore; email: ctecyb@nccs.com.sg N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Clark, P.M., Programming of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis (1998) Eur J Pediatr, 157 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S7-10; Welberg, L.A., Seckl, J.R., Holmes, M.C., Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the foeto-placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids, permanently programs amygdala GR mRNA expression and anxiety-like behaviour in the offspring (2000) Eur J Neurosci, 12, pp. 1047-1054; Welberg, L.A., Seckl, J.R., Holmes, M.C., Prenatal glucocorticoid programming of brain corticosteriod receptors and corticotrophin-releasing hormone: Possible implications for behaviour (2001) Neuroscience, 104, pp. 71-79; Nilsson, P.M., Nyberg, P., Ostergren, P.O., Increased susceptibility to stress at a psychological assessment of stress tolerance is associated with impaired fetal growth (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 75-80; Phillips, D.I., Walker, B.R., Reynolds, R.M., Flanagan, D.E., Wood, P.J., Osmond, C., Low birthweight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations (2000) Hypertension, 35, pp. 1301-1306; Fernald, L.C., Grantham-McGregor, S.M., Stress response in schoolage children who have been growth retarded since early childhood (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68, pp. 394-405; Kagan, J.J., Reznick, S., Snidman, N., Biological bases of childhood shyness (1988) Science, 240, pp. 167-171; Cheung, Y.B., Khoo, K.S., Karlberg, J., Machin, D., Association between physiological symptoms in adults and growth in early life: Longitudinal follow-up study (2002) Br Med J, 325, pp. 749-751; Cheung, Y.B., Early origins and adult correlates of psychosomatic distress (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 937-948; Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: Ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (1999) Br Med J, 318, pp. 897-900; Doyle, D., Leon, D., Morton, S., De Stavola, B., Twins and the fetal origins hypothesis. Patterns of growth retardation differ in twins and singletons (1999) Br Med J, 319, p. 517; Phillips, D.I.W., Osmond, C., Twins and the fetal origins hypothesis. Many variables differ between twins and singleton infants (1999) Br Med J, 319, p. 517; Owen, P., Patel, N.B., Epidemiology of multiple pregnancy (1995) Multiple Pregnancy, pp. 1-11. , Ward RH, Whittle M, editors. London: RCOG Press; Dwyer, T., Blizzard, L., Morley, R., Ponsonby, A.L., Within pair association between birth weight and blood pressure at age 8 in twins from a cohort study (1999) Br Med J, 319, pp. 1325-1329; Kaprio, J., Fetal growth retardation in twins (1999) Electronic British Medical Journal, , http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/319/7208/517#EL1; Foley, D.L., Neale, M.C., Kendler, K.S., Does intra-uterine growth discordance predict differential risk for adult psychiatric disorder in a population-based sample of monozygotic twins? (2000) Psychiatr Genet, 10, pp. 1-8; Wichers, M.C., Purcell, S., Danckaerts, M., Derom, C., Derom, R., Vlietinck, R., Van Os, J., Prenatal life and post-natal psychopathology: Evidence for negative gene-birth weight interaction (2002) Psy Med, 32, pp. 1165-1174; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman & Hall; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; Fayers, P.M., Machin, D., (2000) Quality of Life: Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation, pp. 215-216. , Chichester: Wiley; Rooney, R., Hay, D., Levy, F., Small for gestational age as a predictor of behavioral and learning problems in twins (2003) Twin Res, 6, pp. 46-54; Pryor, J.E., Thompson, J.M., Robinson, E., Clark, P.M., Becroft, D.M., Pattison, N.S., Calvish, N., Mitchell, E.A., Stress and lack of social support as risk factors for small-for-gestational-age birth (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 62-64; Fairclough, D.L., (2002) Design and Analysis of Quality of Life Studies in Clinical Trials, , Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall; Vlietinck, R., Drom, R., Neale, M.C., Maes, H., Van Loon, H., Derom, C., Thiery, M., Genetic and environmental variation in the birth weight of twins (1989) Behav Genet, 19, pp. 151-161; Van Os, J., Wichers, M., Danckaerts, M., Van Gestel, S., Derom, C., Vlietinck, R., A prospective twin study of birth weight discordance and child problem behavior (2001) Biological Psychi, 50, pp. 593-599 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042611653&doi=10.1080%2f08035250410026824&partnerID=40&md5=c19a42e95f793b311a36bae96bd88243 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Suspended particulates and lung health ST - Schwebstaub und lungengesundheit T2 - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, Supplement J2 - Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. Suppl. VL - 116 IS - 1 SP - 8 EP - 12 PY - 2004 SN - 03005178 (ISSN) AU - Neuberger, M. AU - Moshammer, H. AD - Abteilung fur Praventivmedizin, Institut für Umwelthygiene, Medizinischen Universität Wien, Wien, Austria AD - Institut für Umwelthygiene, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Wien, Austria AB - Based on several severe air pollution episodes, a temporal correlation between high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and SO2 pollution and acute increases in respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality had been established in Vienna for the 1970's. After air pollution had decreased in Austria in the 1980's - as documented by data on SO2, and total suspended particles (TSP) - no such associations between day-to-day changes of SO2 and TSP and mortality have been documented any more, however, traffic related pollutants like fine particles and NO2 remained a problem. Therefore, short term effects of PM on lung function, morbidity and mortality were investigated in Vienna, Linz, Graz and a rural control area. Long-term exposure and chronic disease - even more important for public health - were studied in repeated cross-sectional, a mixed longitudinal and a birth cohort study on school children in the city of Linz. Lung function growth was found impaired from long-term exposure to air pollutants and improved in districts where ambient air pollution had decreased. Where only TSP and SO 2 had decreased, no continuous improvement of small airway function was found and end-expiratory flow rates stayed impaired where NO 2-reduction from technical improvements of cars and industry was counterbalanced by increase of motorized (diesel) traffic. Remaining acute effects of ambient air pollution in 2001 from PM, NO2 and co-pollutants found in a time series study also show that continuing efforts are necessary. Active surface of particles inhaled several hours to days before spirometry was found related to short-term reductions in forced vital capacity-FVC (p < 0.01), forced expiratory volume in one second-FEV 1 (p < 0.01) and maximal expiratory flow rate at 50% of vital capacity-MEF50 (p < 0.05). In pupils with asthma or previous airway obstruction 4-week-diaries proved that the following symptoms increased with acute exposure to higher active surface of particles: wheezing (p < 0.01), dyspnea, cough when going to sleep, cough at night (p < 0.05). Efforts to reduce exposure to fine particles from motor traffic and passive smoking have to be increased if we want to achieve full recovery of children from air pollution effects and best respiratory performance in adulthood. Surveillance seems to be necessary not only for particle mass but also for particle number and surface. Little is known on the mechanisms of irreversible long-term effects of PM such as myocardial infarction and cancer. In a prospective cohort study on 1630 dust-exposed and 1630 non dust-exposed workers matched for smoking we found an increase of lung cancer related to nonfibrous insoluble PM. Other studies were able to relate lung cancer to specific particles like those from diesel engines, and a large prospective study of the American Cancer Society was able to link lung cancer in the general population with long-term exposure to fine particles from combustion processes. All these recent epidemiological findings will have consequences for occupational and ambient air PM standards. KW - Children KW - Health KW - Lung cancer KW - Lung function KW - Particulate matter KW - nitrogen dioxide KW - sulfur dioxide KW - air pollution KW - Austria KW - child growth KW - cohort analysis KW - conference paper KW - dust exposure KW - exhaust gas KW - heart infarction KW - human KW - long term exposure KW - lung cancer KW - lung disease KW - lung function test KW - morbidity KW - mortality KW - occupational exposure KW - suspended particulate matter KW - Adult KW - Air Pollutants KW - Austria KW - Cause of Death KW - Child KW - Chronic Disease KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dust KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Lung Diseases KW - Male KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - Risk Assessment KW - Rural Population KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - Urban Population N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: WKWSA C2 - 15518085 LA - German N1 - Correspondence Address: Neuberger, M.; Institut für Umwelthygiene, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Wien, Austria; email: manfred.neuberger@univie.ac.at N1 - Chemicals/CAS: nitrogen dioxide, 10102-44-0; sulfur dioxide, 7446-09-5; Air Pollutants; Dust; Nitrogen Dioxide, 10102-44-0; Sulfur Dioxide, 7446-09-5 N1 - References: Neuberger, M., Umwelttoxikologie und epidemiologie der schwefeloxide (1974) Mittlg Österr San Verw, 6, pp. 190-210; Neuberger, M., Rutkowski, A., Friza, H., Haider, M., Grippe, luftverunreinigung und mortalität in Wien (1987) Forum Städtehygiene, 38, pp. 7-11; Neuberger, M., Horak, F., Frischer, T., Kundi, M., Puxbaum, H., Studnicka, M., Austrian project on health effects of particulates: First results on lung function changes in children (2001) WHO Newsletter, 28, pp. 2-5; Horak, F., Neuberger, M., Kundi, M., Frischer, T., Studnicka, M., Hauck, H., Gesundheitseffekte von partikeln. Erste teilergebnisse des AUPHEP (Austrian Project on Health Effects of Particulates) (2002) Atemw Lungenkrkh, 28, pp. 291-292; Peters, A., Dockery, D.W., Muller, J.E., Mittleman, M.A., Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction (2001) Circulation, 103, pp. 2810-2815; Moshammer, H., Neuberger, M., The active surface of suspended particles as a predictor of lung function and pulmonary symptoms in Austrian school children (2003) Atmospheric Environment, 37 (13), pp. 1737-1744; Neuberger, M., Moshammer, H., Kundi, M., Declining ambient air pollution and lung function improvement in Austrian children (2002) Atmospheric Environment, 36 (11), pp. 1733-1736; Neuberger, M., Kundi, M., Wiesenberger, W., Frank, W., Lungenfunktionsreferenzwerte für Schüler von 6 bis 16 Jahren (1994) Pneumologie, 48, pp. 175-181; Gründorfer, W., Popper, L., Staubexposition und bronchuskarzinom-inzidenz. Internat (1966) Kongress für Arbeitsmedizin, 3, pp. 173-176; Neuberger, M., Kundi, M., (1990) Occupational Dust Exposure and Cancer Mortality, 97, pp. 65-73. , IARC Scientific Publications; Moshammer, H., Neuberger, M., Lung cancer and dust exposure: Results of a prospective cohort study following 3260 workers for 50 years (2004) Br J Occup Environ Med, 61, pp. 157-162; Pope, A.C., Burnett, R.T., Thun, M.J., Calle, E.E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution (2002) JAMA, 287, pp. 1132-1141 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2642563792&partnerID=40&md5=e4a8300c5893cf0c83e47a59db67955d ER - TY - JOUR TI - An investigation into using national longitudinal studies to examine trends in educational attainment and development T2 - Educational Research J2 - Educ. Res. VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 119 EP - 136 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/0013188042000222412 SN - 00131881 (ISSN) AU - McNiece, R. AU - Bidgood, P. AU - Soan, P. AD - Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom AD - School of Mathematics, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom AB - Longitudinal studies can provide individual histories of educational attainment and are becoming widely used in educational research. Two national longitudinal studies, the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the British Cohort Study of 1970 (BCS70), are used here to investigate changing trends in the educational attainment of children in the UK over time. Multilevel modelling is used to examine variation between different social groups in attainment in mathematics and reading and to examine educational progress during secondary education; the results of these analyses are compared for the two different cohorts. In both cohorts, the main source of variation in achievement is due to differences in social background; differences between regions and local education authorities are found to be negligible. Changes in the mathematics and reading attainment of the different social groups between the cohorts reflect recognized trends in educational attainment and highlight some trends not previously reported. KW - Educational attainment KW - Ethnicity KW - Gender KW - Longitudinal studies (NCDS, BCS70) KW - Multilevel modelling KW - Social class N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McNiece, R.; School of Mathematics, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom; email: r.mcniece@kingston.ac.uk N1 - References: Blatchford, P., Burke, J., Farquhar, C., Plewis, I., Tizard, B., Educational achievement in the infant school: The influence of ethnic origin, gender and home on entry skills (1985) Educational Research, 27 (1), pp. 52-60; Brandsma, H.P., Knuver, J.W.M., Effects of school and classroom characteristics on pupil progress in language and arithmetic (1989) International Journal of Educational Research, 13 (7), pp. 777-778; Dale, A., Davies, R., (1994) Analysing Social and Political Change: A Casebook of Methods, , London, Sage; Davie, R., Behaviour and adjustment in school of seven year olds: Sex and social class differences (1973) Early Child Care and Development, 2 (1), pp. 39-47; (1977) Education in Schools, , (White Paper) London, HMSO; (1983) Curriculum 11-16: Towards a Statement of Entitlement Curriculum Reappraisal, , London, HMSO; (1985) Better Schools, , London, HMSO; Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., (2000) 1970 British Cohort Study Twenty-six-year Follow-up. 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An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , Working Paper No. 1, NCDS User Support Group; Thomas, S., Sammons, P., Mortimore, P., Smees, R., (1995) Stability and Consistency in Secondary Schools' Effects on Students' GCSE Outcomes over Three Years, , London, ISEIC, University of London Institute of Education; Tomlinson, H., (1993) Education and Training 14-19: Continuity and Diversity in the Curriculum, , London, Longman; Woodward, W., (2002) GCSE Gender Gap Continues to Grow, , www.education-guardian.co.uk/gcses2002, accessed 1 February 2004; Yang, M., Woodhouse, G., Progress from GCSE to A- and AS-level: Institutional and gender differences, and trends over time (2001) British Educational Research Journal, 27 (3), pp. 245-267; Yang, M., Goldstein, H., Browne, W., Woodhouse, G., Multivariate multilevel analyses of examination results (2002) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 165 (1), pp. 137-153 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042566988&doi=10.1080%2f0013188042000222412&partnerID=40&md5=2941113a8b9b4cfb1e422713883281f4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mobility in pupils' cognitive attainment during school life T2 - Oxford Review of Economic Policy J2 - Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 213 EP - 229 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/oxrep/grh012 SN - 0266903X (ISSN) AU - Feinstein, L. AD - Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom AB - This paper considers the extent of mobility in pupils' attainment relative to peers as they move through school. Considerable shifts in position are demonstrated using data from the 1958 and 1970 UK birth cohorts and from the National Pupil Database for 2002. These shifts in attainment in primary and secondary school are shown to relate strongly to social class, demonstrating that the large social-class attainment gap in the UK is not a one-off effect prior to school entry but a compounding effect throughout school life. These changes in relative attainment during school are also shown to relate strongly to adult economic outcomes. These results suggest that although there are good arguments in support of an increase in pre-school expenditures, equality of opportunity also requires enhanced investments for the worst-off throughout school. © Oxford University Press and the Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited 2004; all rights reserved. KW - class KW - cognition KW - educational attainment KW - mobility KW - socioeconomic conditions KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Bloom, B., (1964) Stability and Change in Human Characteristics, , New York, John Wiley; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Maritato, N., Poor families, poor outcomes: The well-being of children and youth (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, , G. J. Duncan and J. 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ISSUE); Wachs, T.D., (2000) Necessary But Not Sufficient, , Washington, DC, American Psychological Association; Wilson, R.S., The Louisville twin study: Developmental synchronies in behaviour (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 298-316 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242879883&doi=10.1093%2foxrep%2fgrh012&partnerID=40&md5=5c0ef1b674759aa67dd5af9d0f774f3e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Educational inequality: The widening socio-economic gap T2 - Fiscal Studies J2 - Fisc. Stud. VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 128 PY - 2004 SN - 01435671 (ISSN) AU - Machin, S. AU - Vignoles, A. AD - Department of Economics, London School of Economics, University College London, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, United Kingdom AB - In this paper, we consider research on links between higher education and family background, focusing particularly on the experiences of two cohorts of individuals born in 1958 and 1970. The findings point to a rise in educational inequality during the period relevant to these two cohorts. Specifically, links between educational achievement and parental income / social class strengthened during this period. Furthermore, a person's actual (measured) ability became a poorer predictor of whether they would get a degree than was previously the case. The expansion of higher education in the UK during this period appears to have disproportionately benefited children from richer families rather than the most able. Furthermore, the labour market success or failure of individuals became more closely connected to their parents' income, revealing a fall in the extent of intergenerational mobility over time. N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Machin, S.; Department of Economics, London School of Economics, University College London, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Blanden, J., Goodman, A., Gregg, P., Machin, S., Changes in intergenerational mobility in Britain (2002) Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, , M. Corak (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming; Gregg, P., Machin, S., Changes in educational inequality (2003) Discussion Paper, , Centre for the Economics of Education, forthcoming; Machin, S., Educational inequality and the expansion of UK higher education (2004) Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 54, pp. 230-249. , Special Issue on the Economics of Education; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., The design and conduct of the 1999-2000 surveys of the national child development study and the 1970 british cohort study (2000) Working Paper No. 1, 1. , ftp://cls.ioe.ac.uk/pub/Cohort/Acrobat/Cswp1.pdf, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Cohort Studies; Cameron, S.V., Heckman, J.J., The dynamics of educational attainment for black, Hispanic, and white males (2001) Journal of Political Economy, 109, pp. 455-499; Carneiro, P., Heckman, J.J., The evidence on credit constraints in post-secondary schooling (2003) Economic Journal, 112, pp. 705-734; Danziger, S., Waldfogel, J., Investing in children: What do we know? What should we do? (2000) CASEpaper No. 34, 34. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) Economic Journal, 107, pp. 47-64; Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-97; Galindo-Rueda, F., Vignoles, A., Class ridden or meritocratic? An economic analysis of recent changes in Britain (2005) Journal of Human Resources, , forthcoming; Gibbons, S., Machin, S., Valuing English primary schools (2003) Journal of Urban Economics, 53, pp. 197-219; (2004) Paying for Primary Schools: Supply Constraints, School Popularity or Congestion?, , London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance, mimeo; Gipps, C., Stobart, G., (1997) Assessment: A Teacher's Guide to the Issues, , London: Hodder and Stoughton; Glennerster, H., United Kingdom education 1997-2001 (2001) CASEpaper No. 50, 50. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Grawe, N., (2000) The Three-day Week of 1974 and Measurement Error in the NCDS and FES Data Sets, , Carleton College, unpublished mimeo; Gregg, P., Harkness, S., Machin, S., Poor kids: Trends in child poverty in Britain, 1968-96 (1999) Fiscal Studies, 20, pp. 163-187; Machin, S., Childhood disadvantage and success or failure in the labour market (1999) Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries, , D. Blanchflower and R. Freeman (eds), Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research; The relationship between childhood experiences, subsequent educational attainment and adult labour market performance (2000) Child Well Being in Modern Nations: What Do We Know?, , K. Vleminckx and T. Smeeding (eds), Bristol: Policy Press; Hobcraft, J., Intergenerational and life-course transmission of social exclusion: Influences and childhood poverty, family disruption and contact with the police (1998) CASEpaper No. 15, 15. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Kiernan, K., Transition to parenthood: Young mothers, young fathers - Associated factors and later life experiences (1995) Welfare State Programme Discussion Paper No. WSP/113, WSP-113. , London School of Economics, STICERD; Machin, S., Wage inequality in the UK (1996) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12 (1), pp. 47-64; Wage inequality in the 1970s 1980s and 1990s (1999) The State of Working Britain, , P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds), Manchester: Manchester University Press; Wage inequality since 1975 (2003) The Labour Market under New Labour, , P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Micklewright, J., A note on household income in NCDS3 (1986) Working Paper No. 18, 18. , City University NCDS User Support Group; Solon, G., Biases in the estimation of intergenerational earnings correlations (1989) Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, pp. 172-174; Intergenerational mobility in the labor market (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3 A. , O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds), Amsterdam: North-Holland UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042565143&partnerID=40&md5=e0ce239cb59348d951302691e4a3818e ER - TY - JOUR TI - An overview of progress in childhood cancer survival T2 - Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing J2 - J. Pediatr. Oncol. Nurs. VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 160 EP - 164 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1177/1043454204264407 SN - 10434542 (ISSN) AU - Smith, M. AU - Hare, M.L. AD - Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States AD - Office of Extramural Programs, Natl. Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, United States AD - Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, NCI, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20892, United States AB - Survival for children with cancer has continued to improve over the past 20 years, with 5-year survival rates now approaching 80% and with an increasing number of children surviving into adulthood. In recognition of the need to address important issues for survivors of childhood cancer, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has supported the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) since 1993. The CCSS has established a cohort of over 14,000 5-year survivors of childhood cancer initially diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 and has obtained comprehensive summaries of treatment received by these survivors through abstraction of medical records for chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical procedures. Survivors in the CCSS cohort completed a baseline questionnaire and follow-up questionnaires to provide information about their current status. The CCSS collected buccal cells for DNA isolation from members of the survivor cohort to allow evaluations of the contribution of genetic factors to long-term sequelae of cancer therapy. The CCSS is now poised to expand its contributions through studies designed to gain greater insight into the biological basis for long-term adverse effects of cancer treatment and is enlarging its efforts to include more recently treated cohorts of patients. The experts present at the work group, Moving the Research Agenda Forward for Children With Cancer, offered several possibilities for utilizing CCSS data in expanding research opportunities concerned with cancer survivorship. KW - Childhood cancer survival KW - Longitudinal cohort study KW - acute lymphoblastic leukemia KW - cancer chemotherapy KW - cancer radiotherapy KW - cancer surgery KW - cancer survival KW - cancer therapy KW - cheek KW - child KW - childhood cancer KW - cohort analysis KW - conference paper KW - DNA isolation KW - follow up KW - heredity KW - Hodgkin disease KW - human KW - medical record KW - medical research KW - nonhodgkin lymphoma KW - questionnaire KW - surgical technique KW - survival rate KW - age distribution KW - cancer registry KW - female KW - forecasting KW - genetics KW - health status KW - male KW - mortality KW - needs assessment KW - neoplasm KW - organization and management KW - psychological aspect KW - research KW - review KW - second cancer KW - sex ratio KW - statistics KW - survivor KW - treatment outcome KW - United States KW - DNA KW - Age Distribution KW - Child KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Forecasting KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Needs Assessment KW - Neoplasms KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary KW - Questionnaires KW - Research KW - SEER Program KW - Sex Distribution KW - Survival Rate KW - Survivors KW - Treatment Outcome KW - United States N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JONUE C2 - 15296046 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Smith, M.; Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, NCI, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20892, United States; email: smithm@ctep.nci.nih.gov N1 - Chemicals/CAS: DNA, 9007-49-2; DNA, Neoplasm N1 - References: Green, D.M., Whitton, J.A., Stovall, M., Mertens, A.C., Donaldson, S.S., Ruymann, F.B., Pregnancy outcome of female survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2002) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 187, pp. 1070-1080; Green, D.M., Whitton, J.A., Stovall, M., Mertens, A.C., Donaldson, S.S., Ruymann, F.B., Pregnancy outcome of partners of male survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2003) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, pp. 716-721; Harras, A., Edwards, B.K., Blot, W.J., Ries, L.A.G., (1996) Cancer: Rates and Risks (4th Ed.), , Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; Hudson, M.M., Mertens, A.C., Yasui, Y., Hobbie, W., Chen, H., Gurney, J.G., Health status of adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, pp. 1583-1592; Mertens, A.C., Yasui, Y., Neglia, J.P., Potter, J.D., Nesbit Jr., M.E., Ruccione, K., Late mortality experience in five-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2001) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, pp. 3163-3172; Mitby, P.A., Robison, L.L., Whitton, J.A., Zevon, M.A., Gibbs, I.C., Tersak, J.M., Utilization of special education services and educational attainment among long-term survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2003) Cancer, 97, pp. 1115-1126; Neglia, J.P., Friedman, D.L., Yasui, Y., Mertens, A.C., Hammond, S., Stovall, M., Second malignant neoplasms in five-year survivors of childhood cancer: Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2001) Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 93, pp. 618-629; Oeffinger, K.C., Mertens, A.C., Sklar, C.A., Yasui, Y., Fears, T., Stovall, M., Obesity in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2003) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, pp. 1359-1365; Ries, L.A.G., Eisner, M.P., Kosary, C.L., Hankey, B.F., Miller, B.A., Clegg, L., (2003) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2000, , Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; Robison, L.L., Mertens, A.C., Boice, J.D., Breslow, N.E., Donaldson, S.S., Green, D.M., Study design and cohort characteristics of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study: A multi-institutional collaborative project (2002) Medical Pediatric Oncology, 38, pp. 229-239; Ross, J.A., Oeffinger, K.C., Davis, S.M., Mertens, A.C., Langer, E., Kiffmeyer, W.R., Leptin receptor gene polymorphism (Gln223Arg) and obesity in survivors of childhood ALL: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) (2003) Blood, 102, pp. 223a; Smith, M.A., Anderson, B.D., Ries, L.A., Continuing improvements in outcome for children with cancer in the United States, 1979-1998 (2002) Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncologists, 21, pp. 388a; Zebrack, B.J., Zeltzer, L.K., Whitton, J., Mertens, A.C., Odom, L., Berkow, R., Psychological outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2002) Pediatrics, 110, pp. 42-52 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4043086923&doi=10.1177%2f1043454204264407&partnerID=40&md5=a4faf09d98ca4b0035a3e82d8365c733 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cigarette Advertising and Female Smoking Prevalence in Spain, 1982-1997: Case Studies in International Tobacco Surveillance T2 - Cancer J2 - Cancer VL - 100 IS - 8 SP - 1744 EP - 1749 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1002/cncr.20147 SN - 0008543X (ISSN) AU - Shafey, O. AU - Fernández, E. AU - Thun, M. AU - Schiaffino, A. AU - Dolwick, S. AU - Cokkinides, V. AD - American Cancer Society, Department of Epidemiology, Surveillance Research, Atlanta, GA, United States AD - Catalan Institute of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Unit, Barcelona, Spain AD - Department of Public Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain AD - International Tobacco Surveillance, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, United States AB - BACKGROUND. Compared with northern Europe and the U.S., the widespread initiation of cigarette smoking began 20-40 years later among young women in Spain because of strong cultural prohibitions against female smoking. In this study, the authors examined the correlation between the rapid increase in female smoking prevalence and tobacco industry cigarette marketing practices in Spain during a period of rapid social liberalization. METHODS. The authors examined age-specific, period-specific, and birth cohort-specific increases in cigarette smoking among young women in Spain in relation to internal documents from Philip Morris beginning in 1971, cigarette advertising from 1982 to 1997, and the increase in the market share of blond tobacco and "light" cigarettes preferred by women. RESULTS. Some increase in cigarette smoking occurred among Spanish women before 1970, but the increase was substantially smaller and occurred later than in many Western countries. However, after 1970, the prevalence of cigarette smoking increased rapidly in Spanish women of all ages < 50 years. The rapid increase in female smoking coincided with massive increases in television advertising, especially to women, and increases in the market share of blond tobacco, "light cigarettes," and international tobacco brands. CONCLUSIONS. The increase in cigarette smoking among young Spanish women illustrates how aggressive marketing can exploit periods of social liberalization and rapidly increase cigarette smoking among women, even in countries in which female smoking traditionally has been unacceptable. Strategies are needed to prevent similar increases in smoking by women elsewhere. © 2004 American Cancer Society. KW - Advertising KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Smoking KW - Spain KW - adult KW - advertizing KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - case study KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - lung cancer KW - normal human KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - Spain KW - television KW - tobacco industry KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Advertising KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking KW - Social Conditions KW - Spain KW - Tobacco Industry KW - Women's Health KW - Women's Rights N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CANCA C2 - 15073865 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Shafey, O.; International Tobacco Surveillance, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, United States; email: omar.shafey@cancer.org N1 - References: Fernandez, E., Schiaffino, A., Borras, J.M., Prevalence of cigarette smoking by birth cohort among males and females in Spain, 1910-1990 (2003) Eur J Cancer Prev, 12, pp. 57-62; Schiaffino, A., Fernandez, E., Borrell, C., Gender and educational differences in smoking initiation rates in Spain from 1948 to 1992 (2003) Eur J Public Health, 13, pp. 56-60; Forey, B., Hamling, J., Lee, P., (2002) International Smoking Statistics: A Collection of Historical Data from 30 Economically Developed Countries. 2nd Edition, , London: Oxford University Press; (2002) Health, United States, 2002: With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans, , DHHS Pub. 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Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; Shafey, O., Cokkinides, V., Cavalcante, T.M., Case studies in international tobacco surveillance: Cigarette smuggling in Brazil (2002) Tobacco Control, 11, pp. 215-219; Shafey, O., Dolwick, S., Guindon, G.E., (2003) Tobacco Control Country Profiles, 2003, , Atlanta American Cancer Society; Lopez, A., Collishaw, N., Piha, T., A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries (1994) Tobacco Control, 3, pp. 242-247; (1999) Encuestas Nacionales de Salud 1987, 1993, 1995 y 1997, , Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo; Ferlay, J., Bray, F., Pisani, P., (2001) Globocan 2000: Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Prevalence Worldwide, Version 1.0 [Computer Program], , Lyon, France: IARC; Fernandez, E., Gonzalez, J., Borras, J., Recent decline in cancer mortality in Catalonia (Spain). 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Geneva: World Health Organization; Gajalakshmi, C.K., Jha, P., Ransom, K., Global patterns of smoking and smoking-attributable mortality (2000) Tobacco Control in Developing Countries, pp. 11-39. , Chaloupka F, editor. Oxford: Oxford University Press; (2001) Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General, , Rockville: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General; Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, , http://www.who.int/tobacco/fctc/text/final/en/ UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1842529505&doi=10.1002%2fcncr.20147&partnerID=40&md5=dbca6613a2af3072fa8a226d16cdec8d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Country of birth, country of residence, and menopausal transitions and symptoms: British birth cohort and Australian longitudinal study on women's health T2 - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health J2 - Aust. New Zealand J. Public Health VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 144 EP - 151 PY - 2004 SN - 13260200 (ISSN) AU - Lee, C. AU - Mishra, G. AU - Kuh, D. AD - School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia AD - MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Medical Research Council, Natl. Survey of Health/Development, Royal Free/Univ. College London, London, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To explore endocrine-related and general symptoms among three groups of middle-aged women defined by country of birth and country of residence, in the context of debates about biological, cultural and other factors in menopause. Methods: British-born women participating in a British birth cohort study (n=1,362) and age-matched Australian-born (n=1,724) and British-born (n=233) Australian women selected from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) responded to two waves of surveys at ages 48 and 50. Results: Australian-Australian and British-Australian women report reaching menopause later than British-British women, even after accounting for smoking status and parity. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use was lower and hysterectomy was more common among both Australian groups, probably reflecting differences in health services between Britain and Australia. The Australian-Australian and British-Australian groups were more likely to report endocrine-related symptoms than the British-British group, even after adjusting for menopausal status. British-British women were more likely to report some general symptoms. Conclusions: Symptom reporting is high among Australian and British midlife women and varies by country of residence, country of birth and menopausal status. Implications: The data do not support either a simple cultural or a simple biological explanation for differences in menopause experience. KW - biological factor KW - hormone KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - Australia KW - birth KW - controlled study KW - cultural factor KW - endocrine system KW - female KW - groups by age KW - health service KW - health survey KW - hormone substitution KW - human KW - hysterectomy KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - menopausal syndrome KW - smoking KW - symptomatology KW - United Kingdom KW - Australia KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Geography KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Menopause KW - Middle Aged KW - Questionnaires KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Women's Health N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AZPHF C2 - 15233354 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lee, C.; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; email: c.lee@psy.uq.edu.au N1 - References: Robinson, G., Cross-cultural perspectives on menopause (1996) J. Nerv. Ment. 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Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; Taffe, J., Dennerstein, L., Retrospective self-report compared with menstrual diary data prospectively kept during the menopausal transition (2000) Climacteric, 3, pp. 183-191 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1942435576&partnerID=40&md5=79db810fd00d6831b453dec9361e9bc3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - School-leaving decisions in Australia: A cohort analysis T2 - Education Economics J2 - Educ. Econ. VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 66 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/0964529042000193943 SN - 09645292 (ISSN) AU - Le, A.T. AU - Miller, P.W. AD - Business School, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawly, WA 6009, Australia AB - The decision to invest in education is influenced by a large number of economic, social, family, personal and institutional factors. Many of these changed in Australia during the 1970s and 1980s. Several of the more important of these changes, such as the Equal Pay for Equal Work decision of 1969, the Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value decision of 1972 and the Sex Discrimination Act of 1984, are not expected to have impacted equally on the schooling decisions of males and females. The broader economic environment of this period also seems to have favoured females. Using the Youth in Transition Survey, this paper attempts to explain differences in the schooling decisions of two cohorts, namely individuals born in 1961 and 1970, which would have made their school-leaving decisions during the 1970s and 1980s. The aims are to establish whether the way in which education decisions are made differ across cohorts, and to assess whether any such differences can be related to the institutional reforms and labour market changes that occurred over the 1960-1980 period. The analyses show that females have a higher probability of completing year 12 than males and the gender difference in rates of year 12 completion widened over the decade under review. The increase in the probability of females completing year 12 relative to that of males is due almost entirely to differential rates of change in the characteristics of males and females. Changes in the estimated coefficients play a minor role in explaining the gender difference in school-leaving decisions. This suggests that major changes in the labour market with a focus on females per se during the 1970s and 1980s have had little impact on the difference in school-leaving decisions between males and females. © 2004 Taylor and Francis Ltd. KW - educational attainment KW - gender disparity KW - labor market KW - labor participation KW - Australasia KW - Australia N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Le, A.T.; Business School, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawly, WA 6009, Australia N1 - References: (2000) Youth in Transition, 1961 Cohort, , Australian Council for Educational Research (computer file) (Canberra, Social Science Data Archives, The Australian National University); (2000) Youth in Transition, 1970 Cohort, , Australian Council for Educational Research (computer file) (Canberra, Social Science Data Archives, The Australian National University); Becker, G.S., Lewis, H.G., On the interaction between quantity and quality of children (1973) Journal of Political Economy, 82, pp. S279-S288; Birrell, R., The educational achievements of non-English speaking background students and the politics of the community languages movement (1987) The Economics of Immigration: Proceedings of a Conference, pp. 91-121. , Baker, L. and Miller, P.W. 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(1997) Economic Record, 73, pp. 51-78; Puhani, P.A., The Heckman correction for sample selection and its critique (2000) Journal of Economic Surveys, 14, pp. 53-68; Saha, L.J., Gender, school attainment and occupational plans: Determinants of aspirations and expectations among Australian urban school leavers (1982) Australian Journal of Education, 26, pp. 247-265; Smith, J.P., Welch, F.R., Black economic progress after myrdal (1989) Journal of Economic Literature, 27, pp. 519-564; Stolzenberg, R.M., Relles, D.A., Tools for intuition about sample selection bias and its correction (1997) American Sociological Review, 62, pp. 494-507; Veall, M.R., Zimmermann, K.F., Pseudo-R2 measures for some common limited dependent variable models (1996) Journal of Economic Surveys, 10, pp. 241-259; Vickery, J., (1999) Unemployment and Skills in Australia, , Research Discussion Paper, No. 1999-12 (Sydney, Reserve Bank of Australia); Wellington, A.J., Changes in the male/female wage gap, 1976-85 (1993) Journal of Human Resources, 28, pp. 383-411; Williams, T., Carpenter, P.G., Private schooling and public achievement (1990) Australian Journal of Education, 34, pp. 3-24; Williams, T., Carpenter, P., Private schooling and public achievement in Australia (1991) International Journal of Educational Research, 15, pp. 411-431; Wiliams, T., Harsel, Y., Clancy, J., Miller, H., Greenwood, C., (1987) Participation in Education, , Hawthorn, Victoria, Australian Council for Educational Research; Williams, T., Long, M., Carpenter, P., Hayden, M., (1993) Year 12 in the 1980's, , Canberra, Department of Employment, Education and Training, Australian Government Publishing Service; Williams, T., Long, M., Carpenter, P., Hayden, M., (1993) Entering Higher Education in the 1980s, , Canberra, Department of Employment, Education and Training, Australian Government Publishing Service UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2442617152&doi=10.1080%2f0964529042000193943&partnerID=40&md5=b512d87c42972ea373594d58d8f599fa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood Growth and Breast Cancer T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. VL - 159 IS - 7 SP - 671 EP - 682 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/aje/kwh097 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - De Stavola, B.L. AU - Dos Santos Silva, I. AU - McCormack, V. AU - Hardy, R.J. AU - Kuh, D.J. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology, Univ. College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom AB - Adult height is known to be positively associated with breast cancer risk. The mechanism underlying this association is complex, since adult height is positively correlated with age at menarche, which in turn is negatively associated with breast cancer risk. The authors used prospective data from a British cohort of 2,547 girls followed from birth in 1946 to the end of 1999 to examine breast cancer risk in relation to childhood growth. As expected, adult height was positively associated with age at menarche and breast cancer. In childhood, cases were taller and leaner, on average, than noncases. Significant predictors of breast cancer risk in models containing all components of growth were height velocity at age 4-7 years (for a one-standard-deviation increase, odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 2.09) and age 11-15 years (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.71) and body mass index velocity (weight (kg)/height (m)2/year) at age 2-4 years (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.83). The effects of these variables were particularly marked in women with early menarche (age <12.5 years). These findings suggest that women who grow faster in childhood and reach an adult height above the average for their menarche category are at particularly increased risk of breast cancer. KW - Body height KW - Body weight KW - Breast neoplasms KW - Child KW - Growth KW - Menarche KW - cancer KW - child development KW - risk factor KW - weight KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - breast cancer KW - cancer risk KW - child KW - child growth KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - menarche KW - prospective study KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Menarche KW - Middle Aged KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :84 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 15033645 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: De Stavola, B.L.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: bianca.destavola@lshtm.ac.uk N1 - References: Gray, G.E., Pike, M.C., Henderson, B.E., Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in different countries in relation to known risk factors and dietary practices (1979) Br J Cancer, 39, pp. 1-7; Micozzi, M., Cross-cultural correlations of childhood growth and adult breast cancer (1987) Am J Phys Anthropol, 73, pp. 525-537; Albanes, D., Jones, D., Schatzkin, A., Adult stature and risk of breast cancer (1988) Cancer Res, 48, pp. 1658-1662; Li, C.I., Stanford, J.L., Daling, J.R., Anthropometric variables in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 208-213; Van Den Brandt, P.A., Spiegelman, D., Yaun, S.S., Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 514-527; Gunnell, D., Okasha, M., Holly, J., Height and cancer risk: A systematic review of prospective studies and possible mechanisms (2001) Epidermol Rev, 23, pp. 296-325; De Waard, F., Trichopoulos, D., A unifying concept of the aetiology of breast cancer (1988) Int J Cancer, 41, pp. 666-669; Lund Nielsen, T., Vatten, L., Adult height and risk of breast cancer: A possible effect of early nutrition (2001) Br J Cancer, 85, pp. 959-961; Russo, J., Tay, L., Russo, I., Differentiation of the mammary gland and susceptibility to carcinogenesis (1982) Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2, pp. 5-73; Frazier, L., Angell, J., Willett, W., Adolescent diet and risk of breast cancer (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 145 (SUPPL.), pp. S46; Berkey, C.S., Gardner, J.D., Frazier, A.L., Relation of childhood diet and body size to menarche and adolescent growth in girls (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 446-452; Hsieh, C.-C., Trichopoulos, D., Katsouyanni, K., Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: Associations and interactions in an international case-control study (1990) Int J Cancer, 46, pp. 796-800; Luo, Z.C., Cheung, Y.B., He, Q., Growth in early life and its relation to pubertal growth (2003) Epidemiology, 14, pp. 65-73; Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L.N., Earle, M.E., Body size at different periods of life and breast cancer risk (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 137-152; Li, C.I., Malone, K.E., White, E., Age when maximum height is reached as a risk factor for breast cancer among young US women (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 559-565; Coates, R.J., Uhler, R.J., Hall, H.L., Risk of breast cancer in young women in relation to body size and weight gain in adolescence and early adulthood (1999) Br J Cancer, 81, pp. 167-174; Berkey, C.S., Frazier, A.L., Gardner, J.D., Adolescence and breast carcinoma risk (1999) Cancer, 85, pp. 2400-2409; Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Forsen, T., Erikkson, J.G., Tallness and overweight during childhood have opposing effects on breast cancer risk (2001) Br J Cancer, 85, pp. 1680-1684; Herrington, L., Husson, G., Relation of childhood height and later risk of breast cancer (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 154, pp. 618-623; Swerdlow, A.J., De Stavola, B.L., Floderus, B., Risk factors for breast cancer at young ages in twins: An international population-based study (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 1238-1246; Sanderson, M., Shu, X.O., Jin, F., Weight at birth and adolescence and premenopausal breast cancer risk in a low-risk population (2002) Br J Cancer, 86, pp. 84-88; Wadsworth, M.E., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Wadsworth, M.E., Butterworth, S.L., Hardy, R.J., The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc Sci Med, 57, pp. 2193-2205; De Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., Dos Santos Silva, I., Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer (2000) Br J Cancer, 83, pp. 964-968; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study (2003) J Br Menopause Soc, 9, pp. 55-60; Schoenfeld, D.A., Partial residuals for the proportional hazards regression model (1982) Biometrika, 39, pp. 499-503; Rubin, D.B., Inference and missing data (1976) Biometrika, 63, pp. 581-592; Schafer, J.L., Multiple imputation: A primer (1999) Stat Methods Med Res, 8, pp. 3-16; Little, R.J., Rubin, D.B., (1987) Statistical Analysis with Missing Data, , New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, , New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc; Vach, W., Blettner, M., Missing data in epidemiological studies (2000) Encyclopedia of Epidemiological Methods, pp. 598-612. , Gail MH, Benichou J, eds. 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Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; Dos Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B.L., Mann, V., Prenatal factors, childhood growth trajectories and age at menarche (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 405-412; Bogin, B., (1999) Patterns of Human Growth. 2nd Ed., , Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Cho, E., DeAssis, S., Maternal and prepubertal diet, mammary development and breast cancer risk (2001) J Nutr, 131 (SUPPL.), pp. 154S-157S; Juul, A., Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I and its binding proteins in health and disease (2003) Growth Horm IGF Res, 13, pp. 113-170; Wadsworth, M.E., Butterworth, S.L., Montgomery, S.M., Health (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, pp. 207-236. , Ferri E, Bynner J, Wadsworth ME, eds. London, United Kingdom: Institute of Education Press; Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H., Random-effects models for longitudinal data (1982) Biometrics, 38, pp. 963-974; Muthén, B.O., Curran, P.J., General longitudinal modelling of individual differences in experimental designs: A latent variable framework for analysis and power estimation (1995) Psychol Methods, 2, pp. 371-402; Schafer, J.L., (1997) Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data, , London, United Kingdom: Chapman and Hall Ltd UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642420999&doi=10.1093%2faje%2fkwh097&partnerID=40&md5=c4cd4e028ba1049f65a092f4c4f1c360 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Psychological outcomes in midadulthood associated with mother's child-rearing attitudes in early childhood: Evidence from the 1970 British birth cohort T2 - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry J2 - Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 41 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1007/s00787-004-0355-5 SN - 10188827 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AD - Dept. of Social Plcy. and Social Wk., University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study used longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine the role of mother's child-rearing attitudes assessed when cohort members were aged 5 in children's psychological well-being (psychological functioning, psychological distress, life satisfaction and self-efficacy) at age 30. Although at the multivariate level mother's child-rearing attitudes were not related to sons' psychological well-being in adult life, in daughters self-efficacy and life satisfaction at age 30 were related to mother's anti-child autonomy attitudes and mother's non-authoritarian child-rearing attitudes, respectively. In addition, mother's non-authoritarian child-rearing attitudes had a protective effect against later psychological distress and low self-efficacy in daughters who had experienced significant material disadvantage in early childhood. KW - Child-rearing attitudes KW - Parenting KW - Psychological well-being KW - adulthood KW - age KW - article KW - attitude KW - birth KW - child KW - child psychology KW - child rearing KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - distress syndrome KW - evidence based medicine KW - female KW - human KW - life satisfaction KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental health KW - mother child relation KW - self concept KW - United Kingdom KW - wellbeing KW - Adult KW - Attitude KW - Child Rearing KW - Child, Preschool KW - Family KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Maternal Behavior KW - Mental Health KW - Mother-Child Relations KW - Mothers KW - Parenting KW - Personal Satisfaction KW - Psychometrics KW - Questionnaires KW - Self Efficacy KW - Social Class KW - Stress, Psychological N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EAPSE C2 - 14991430 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Dept. of Social Plcy. and Social Wk., University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E., Wall, S., (1978) Patterns of Attachment. 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A review (1991) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 30, pp. 231-236; Weissman, M., Jensen, P., What research suggests for depressed women with children (2002) J Clin Psychiatry, 63, pp. 641-647 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442349762&doi=10.1007%2fs00787-004-0355-5&partnerID=40&md5=80798737d5f5f08ba39569137e15cd52 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Projecting and monitoring the life course of the Marijuana/Blunts generation T2 - Journal of Drug Issues J2 - J. Drug Issues VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 361 EP - 388 PY - 2004 SN - 00220426 (ISSN) AU - Golub, A. AU - Johnson, B.D. AU - Dunlap, E. AU - Sifaneck, S. AD - Natl. Devmt. and Res. Inst., Inc., United States AD - Inst. for Spec. Populations Research, Natl. Devmt. and Res. Inst., Inc., United States AB - Since the 1990s, marijuana has been the drug of choice among American youths, especially those that tend to sustain arrests. Previous birth cohorts had greater use of crack, powder cocaine, or heroin. This paper summarizes prior research that strongly suggests drug eras tend to follow a regular course. These insights then serve as the basis for projecting trends in marijuana use both for the general population nationwide and for Manhattan arrestees. To the extent that current trends persist, the prospects for the "Marijuana/Blunts Generation" (born 1970 and later) may be relatively good. These young persons may successfully avoid "hard drugs" as well as the attendant health, social, and legal problems for their entire life, but they may experience higher levels of smoking-related ailments. The conclusion presents issues for continued drug surveillance and ethnographic research to more accurately understand the Marijuana/Blunts Era and to provide an indicator of future changes as they occur. KW - cannabis KW - cocaine KW - diamorphine KW - accuracy KW - adult KW - article KW - birth KW - cannabis addiction KW - cohort analysis KW - drug choice KW - drug surveillance program KW - ethnic difference KW - experience KW - futurology KW - health status KW - heroin dependence KW - history of medicine KW - human KW - juvenile delinquency KW - legal aspect KW - lifestyle KW - major clinical study KW - population research KW - risk benefit analysis KW - smoking KW - smoking cessation KW - social problem KW - United States N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JDGIA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Natl. Devmt. and Res. Inst., Inc.United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7; cocaine, 50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1; diamorphine, 1502-95-0, 561-27-3 N1 - References: (2003) 2000 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring: Annual Report, , www.adam-nij.net, NCJ 193013. 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Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services; Wright, D., Gfroerer, J., Epstein, J., The use of external data sources and ratio estimation to improve estimates of hardcore drug use from the NHSDA (1997) The Validity of Self-reported Drug Use: Improving the Accuracy of Survey Estimates, pp. 477-497. , L. Harrison, & A. Hughes (Eds.), NIDA Research Monograph 167, NIH Publication No. 97-4147. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; Zimmer, L., Morgan, J.P., (1997) Marijuana Myths Marijuana Facts: A Review of the Scientific Evidence, , New York: The Lindesmith Center UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042769519&partnerID=40&md5=14de45a469b15a6f685c0bd6d95ef21f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increased mortality rates in young and middle-aged patients with malignant germ cell tumours T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 90 IS - 3 SP - 607 EP - 612 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601558 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Fosså, S.D. AU - Aass, N. AU - Harvei, S. AU - Tretli, S. AD - Norwegian Radium Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway AD - Cancer Registry of Norway, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway AB - Cisplatin-based chemotherapy of malignant germ cell tumours (MGCT) has been reported to increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity. A high incidence of second nongerm cell malignancies is well documented in MGCT survivors. The death risk due to these conditions is, however, more unknown in MGCT patients. Standard mortality rates (SMRs) were established in 3378 Norwegian MGCT patients treated from 1962 to 1997 aged ≤55 years. The patients represented three principal treatment strategies: 1962/ 1969 (period 1): radiotherapy only; 1970/1979 (period 2): radiotherapy with or without noncisplatin-containing chemotherapy; 1980/ 1997 (period 3): surgery only or radiotherapy or cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients were censored when they reached the age of 60 years. Patients not dying from MGCT displayed significantly increased SMRs for respectively diseases of the circulatory system (SMR: 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.0-1.5), benign gastrointestinal disorders (SMR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-3.5) and nongerm cell malignancies (SMR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7-2.4). The SMRs for diseases of the circulatory system were similar in the three observation periods, whereas the highest SMR for benign gastrointestinal disorders was observed in patients from period 2. The risk of dying from a nongerm cell malignancy was increased both in periods 2 and 3. In conclusion, although the overall SMR for diseases of the circulatory system is increased in MCGT survivors, the introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy into the treatment of MGCT has so far not resulted in increased death rates due to these conditions. Patients with MGCT have a significantly increased relative death risk due to a second nongerm cell cancer, even after the introduction of modern treatment principles with overall reduction of radiotherapy. The increased death risk due to benign gastrointestinal disorders, probably related to radiotherapy, requires future indepth analysis. © 2004 Cancer Research UK. KW - Cardiovascular diseases KW - Malignant germ cell tumours KW - Mortality KW - Nongerm cell cancer KW - antineoplastic agent KW - bleomycin KW - cisplatin KW - cyclophosphamide KW - dactinomycin KW - doxorubicin KW - methotrexate KW - mitomycin KW - vinblastine KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - appendicitis KW - article KW - cancer chemotherapy KW - cancer mortality KW - cancer radiotherapy KW - cancer surgery KW - cancer survival KW - cardiovascular disease KW - cause of death KW - cholelithiasis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - esophagus ulcer KW - female KW - follow up KW - gastroduodenal ulcer KW - gastrointestinal disease KW - germ cell tumor KW - human KW - iatrogenic disease KW - infant KW - liver cirrhosis KW - liver disease KW - lymph node dissection KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - metastasis KW - mortality KW - multimodality cancer therapy KW - neoplasm KW - non seminomatous germinoma KW - Norway KW - observation KW - peritonitis KW - priority journal KW - radiation injury KW - register KW - risk factor KW - second cancer KW - seminoma KW - survival KW - vascular disease KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cisplatin KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary KW - Radiation Injuries KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Survival Analysis N1 - Cited By :60 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJCAA C2 - 14760372 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fosså, S.D.; Norwegian Radium Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; email: s.d.fossa@klinmed.uio.no N1 - Chemicals/CAS: bleomycin, 11056-06-7; cisplatin, 15663-27-1, 26035-31-4, 96081-74-2; cyclophosphamide, 50-18-0; dactinomycin, 1402-38-6, 1402-58-0, 50-76-0; doxorubicin, 23214-92-8, 25316-40-9; methotrexate, 15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5; mitomycin, 1404-00-8; vinblastine, 865-21-4; Cisplatin, 15663-27-1 N1 - References: Biermann, C.W., Froschle, G., Kuhlencordt, R., Schwarz, R., Gonnermann, D., Bile duct carcinoma after abdominal irradiation for urologic malignancies (1994) Helv Chir Acta, 60, pp. 1131-1136; Bokemeyer, C., Berger, C.C., Kuczyk, M.A., Schmoll, H.J., Evaluation of long-term toxicity after chemotherapy for testicular cancer (1996) J Clin Oncol, 14, pp. 2923-2932; Dawson, L.A., Ten Haken, R.K., Lawrence, T.S., Partial irradiation of the liver (2001) Semin Radiat Oncol, 11, pp. 240-246; Ellis, P.A., Fitzharris, B.M., George, P.M., Robinson, B.A., Atkinson, C.H., Colls, B.M., Fasting plasma lipid measurements following cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with germ cell tumours (1992) J Clin Oncol, 10, pp. 1609-1614; Engeland, A., Haldorsen, T., Tretli, S., Hakulinen, T., Hörte, L.G., Luostarinen, T., Magnus, K., Vaittinen, P., Prediction of cancer incidence in the Nordic countries up to the years 2000 and 2010. A Collaborative Study of the Five Nordic Cancer Registries (1993) APMS, 101, p. 67; Fosså, S.D., Aass, N., Kaalhus, O., Radiotherapy for testicular seminoma stage I: Treatment results and long-term post-irradiation morbidity in 365 patients (1989) Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys, 16, pp. 383-388; Fosså, S.D., Aass, N., Winderen, M., Börmer, O.P., Olsen, D.R., Long-term renal function after treatment for malignant germ cell tumours (2003) Ann Oncol, 13, pp. 222-228; Fosså, S.D., Horwich, A., Russell, J.M., Roberts, J.T., Cullen, M.H., Hodson, N.J., Jones, W.G., Stenning, S.P., Optimal planning target volume for stage I testicular seminoma: A Medical Research Council Testicular Tumour Working Group (1999) J Clin Oncol, 17, pp. 1146-1154; Geraci, J.P., Mariano, M.S., Jackson, K.L., Radiation hepatology of the rat: Microvascular fibrosis and enhancement of liver dysfunction by diet and drugs (1992) Radiat Res, 129, pp. 322-332; Glanzmann, C., Kaufmann, P., Jenni, R., Hess, O.M., Huguenin, P., Cardiac risk after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease (1998) Radioth Oncol, 46, pp. 51-62; Hansen, S.W., Groth, S., Daugaard, G., Rossing, N., Rorth, M., Long-term effects on renal function and blood pressure of treatment with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin in patients with germ cell cancer (1988) J Clin Oncol, 6, pp. 1728-1731; Hoff Wanderås, E., Fosså, S.D., Tretli, S., Risk of subsequent non-germ cell cancer after treatment of germ cell cancer in 2006 Norwegian male patients (1997) Eur J Cancer, 33, pp. 253-262; Hoff Wanderås, E., Fosså, S.D., Tretli, S., Klepp, O., Toxicity in long-term survivors after adriamycin containing chemotherapy of malignant germ cell tumours (1994) Int J Oncol, 4, pp. 681-688; Horwich, A., Bell, J., Mortality and cancer incidence following radiotherapy for seminoma of the testis (1994) Rad Oncol, 30, pp. 193-198; Huddart, R.A., Norman, A., Shahidi, M., Horwich, A., Coward, D., Nicholls, J., Dearnaley, D.P., Cardiovascular disease as a long-term complication of treatment for testicular cancer (2003) J Clin Oncol, 21, pp. 1513-1523; Lederman, G.S., Sheldon, T.A., Chaffey, J.T., Herman, T.S., Gelman, R.S., Coleman, C.N., Cardiac disease after mediastinal irradiation for seminoma (1987) Cancer, 60, pp. 772-776; Meinardi, M.T., Gietema, J.A., Van Der Graaf, W.T.A., Van Veldhuisen, D.J., Runne, M.A., Sluiter, W.J., De Vries, E.G., Sleijfer, D.T., Cardiovascular morbidity in long-term survivors of metastatic testicular cancer (2000) J Clin Oncol, 18, pp. 1725-1732; Molstad, P., Andersen, K., Reduced mortality after acute myocardial infarction (2002) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 122, pp. 1271-1275; Moul, J.W., Retroperitoneal fibrosis following radiotherapy for stage I testicular seminoma (1992) J Urol, 147, pp. 124-126; Nord, C., Bjøro, T., Ellingsen, D., Mykletun, A., Dahl, O., Klepp, O., Bremnes, R.M., Fosså, S.D., Gonadal hormones in long- term survivors 10 years after treatment for unilateral testicular cancer (2003) Eur Urol, 44, pp. 322-328; Nord, C., Fosså, S.D., Egeland, T., Excessive annual BMI increase after chemotherapy among young survivors of testicular cancer (2003) Br J Cancer, 88, pp. 36-41; Petersen, P.M., Skakkebæk, N.E., Giwercman, A., Gonadal function in men with testicular cancer: Biological and clinical aspects (1998) APMIS, 106, pp. 24-36; Raghavan, D., Cox, K., Childs, A., Grygiel, J., Sullivan, D., Hypercholesterolemia after chemotherapy for testis cancer (1992) J Clin Oncol, 10, pp. 1386-1389; Stensvold, E., Aass, N., Gladhaug, I., Stenwig, A.E., Claussen, O.P., Fosså, S.D., Erroneous diagnosis of pancreatic cancer - A possible pitfall after radiotherapy of testicular cancer (2003) Eur J Surg Oncol, , in press; Travis, L.B., Andersson, M., Gospodarowicz, M., Van Leeuwen, F.E., Bergfeldt, K., Lynch, C.F., Curtis, R.E., Gilbert, E., Treatment-associated leukemia following testicular cancer (2000) J Natl Cancer Inst, 92, pp. 1165-1171; Travis, L.B., Curtis, R.E., Storm, H., Hall, P., Holowaty, E., Van Leeuwen, F.E., Kohler, B.A., Boice Jr., J.D., Risk of second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of testicular cancer (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst, 89, pp. 1429-1439; Van Leeuwen, F.E., Stiggelbout, A.M., Van Den Belt-Dusebout, A.W., Noyon, R., Eliel, M.R., Van Kerkhoff, E.H., Delemarre, J.F., Somers, R., Second cancer risk following testicular cancer: A follow-up study of 1909 patients (1993) J Clin Oncol, 11, pp. 415-424; Warde, P., Specht, L., Horwich, A., Oliver, T., Panzarella, T., Gospodarowicz, M., Von Der Maase, H., Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I Seminoma managed by surveillance: A pooled analysis (2002) J Clin Oncol, 20, pp. 4448-4452; Yeoh, E., Horowitz, M., Russo, A., Muecke, T., Robb, T., Chatterton, B., The effects of abdominal irradiation for seminoma of the testis on gastrointestinal function (1995) J Gastroenter Hepat, 10, pp. 125-130 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542269284&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6601558&partnerID=40&md5=adea867439a0dc6cd1c53d4b8183b441 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birthweight, childhood growth, and blood pressure at 43 years in a British birth cohort T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 121 EP - 129 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh027 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Hardy, R. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AU - Langenberg, C. AU - Kuh, D. AD - Med. Res. Council Natl. Survey Hlth., Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Royal Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Background. Low birthweight is associated with high blood pressure in later life, but it is unclear whether the association is confounded with or modified by maternal and socioeconomic factors or childhood growth. Methods. A total of 3157 men and women from a British birth cohort study where the survey members have been followed up regularly since their birth in 1946 were included in analyses. The associations between birthweight, childhood growth and blood pressure at 43 years of age were assessed using multiple regression models. Results. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 2.3 mmHg (95% CI: 0.8, 3.5) for men and 1.8 mmHg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.5) for women per 1-kg increase in birthweight. The effect was stronger in first born or those born to younger mothers. There was no confounding with any maternal, socioeconomic, or childhood growth variable. SBP increased by 1.45 mmHg (95% CI: 0.11, 2.78) in women and 0.46 mmHg (95% CI: -0.70, 1.62) in men per standard deviation of body mass index (BMI) change between ages 7 and 15 years. Among women this effect was not completely accounted for by adult size and was independent of birthweight. Conclusions. The determinants of birthweight, possibly related to maternal health during pregnancy, may impact on the relationship with SBP in middle life. The importance of tackling the increasing levels of childhood obesity seen in later cohorts is highlighted by the detrimental impact on SBP of large increases in BMI during adolescence. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Birth order KW - Birthweight KW - Blood pressure KW - Childhood growth KW - Cohort study KW - Maternal age KW - Socioeconomic status KW - hypertension KW - adolescence KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age KW - article KW - birth weight KW - blood pressure KW - body mass KW - body size KW - child growth KW - childbirth KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - female KW - follow up KW - gender KW - health survey KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal welfare KW - mother KW - multiple regression KW - obesity KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - systolic blood pressure KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Order KW - Birth Weight KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Sex Distribution KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :78 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15075157 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hardy, R.; Med. Res. Council Natl. Survey Hlth., Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Royal Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: rebecca.hardy@ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies, and Disease in Later Life, , London: BMJ Publishing Group; Law, C.M., Shiell, A.W., Is blood pressure inversely related to birth weight? The strength of evidence from a systematic review (1996) J. Hypertens., 14, pp. 935-941; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: A systematic review of the literature (2000) J. Hypertens., 18, pp. 815-831; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Birth weight, blood pressure, and hypertension (2000) Fetal Origins of Cardiovascular Disease, pp. 23-48. , Barker DJP (ed.). 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Obesity, 24, pp. 725-734 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13444288521&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh027&partnerID=40&md5=900941b915b4e3e7c8cac8518f992941 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954-1998 T2 - Cancer Causes and Control J2 - Cancer Causes Control VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 33 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1023/B:CACO.0000016575.31651.b0 SN - 09575243 (ISSN) AU - Strand, T.-E. AU - Malayeri, C. AU - Eskonsipo, P.K.J. AU - Grimsrud, T.K. AU - Norstein, J. AU - Grotmol, T. AD - Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway AD - Cancer Registry of Norway, Inst. of Pop.-based Cancer Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway AB - Objective: To describe the national trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults and the relationship to adolescent smoking. Methods: Between 1954 and 1998, a total of 1108 non-carcinoid lung cancers were reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway in individuals aged 20-44 years. Temporal variations were studied in age and sex specific rates, in age-adjusted rates, and by means of age-period-cohort modelling. The association between cancer incidence and smoking prevalence was evaluated. Results: The lung cancer incidence rate among women aged 40-44 in Norway continued to increase into the most recent time interval (1994-1998) whereas the rate among men aged 40-44 was essentially constant after 1970. Consequently, lung cancer incidence rates converged among male and female young adults. Lung cancer incidence rates at age 40-44 were highly correlated with smoking prevalence at age 15-19 in males (r = 0.88) and females (r = 0.82) within the same birth cohort. Conclusions: The lung cancer incidence rate in young Norwegian women now equals that of men. The risk at age 40-44 was closely associated with teenage smoking, indicating that duration and age of onset are important. KW - Lung cancer KW - Teenage smoking KW - Trend KW - Young adult KW - adolescence KW - adult KW - article KW - cancer incidence KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - evaluation KW - female KW - human KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - Norway KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - register KW - smoking KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Norway KW - Prevalence KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CCCNE C2 - 14970732 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Grimsrud, T.K.; Cancer Registry of Norway, Inst. of Pop.-based Cancer Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; email: tom.k.grimsrud@kreftregisteret.no N1 - Funding text: q This study was performed at the Cancer Registry of Norway with financial support from the Nordic Cancer Union and the Norwegian Cancer Society. * Address correspondence to: Dr Tom K Grimsrud, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. Ph.: +47-2333-3922; Fax: +47-2245-1370; E-mail: tom.k.grimsrud@kreftregisteret.no N1 - References: Doll, R., Progress against cancer: An epidemiologic assessment. The 1991 John C. Cassel Memorial Lecture (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 134, pp. 675-688; Tobacco Smoking (1986) IARC Monogr Eval Carcinogenic Risks Hum., 38, pp. 1-421. , Lyon: IARC; Kreuzer, M., Kreienbrock, L., Gerken, M., Risk factors for lung cancer in young adults (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 1028-1037; Rønneberg, A., Lund, K.E., Hafstad, A., Lifetime smoking habits among Norwegian men and women born between 1890 and 1974 (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 267-276; (2001) Survey of Nordic Cancer Registries, pp. 7-18. , http://www.cancer.dk/ANCR/report.pdf, Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Cancer Society; Haenszel, W., Loveland, D., Sirken, M.G., Lung-cancer mortality as related to residence and smoking histories. I. 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Occupation (1997) APMIS Suppl, 76, pp. 68-79; Levi, F., La Vecchia, C., Lucchini, F., Negri, E., Trends in cancer mortality sex ratios in Europe, 1950-1989 (1992) World Health Stat Q, 45, pp. 117-164; Wramner, B., Zatonski, W., Pellmer, K., Premature mortality in lung cancer as an indicator of effectiveness of tobacco use prevention in a gender perspective - A comparison between Poland and Sweden (2001) Cent Eur J Public Health, 9, pp. 69-73; Dwyer, T., Blizzard, L., Shugg, D., Hill, D., Ansari, M.Z., Higher lung cancer rates in young women than young men: Tasmania, 1983 to 1992 (1994) Cancer Causes Control, 5, pp. 351-358; Blizzard, L., Dwyer, T., Case-control study of lung cancer during 1994-1997 in the birth cohort in Tasmania, Australia, with an excess of female cases during 1983-1992 (2003) Cancer Causes Control, 14, pp. 123-129; Tverdal, A., Lung cancer mortality - Now higher in women than in men under 50 years (2001) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 121, pp. 2487-2488 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542614435&doi=10.1023%2fB%3aCACO.0000016575.31651.b0&partnerID=40&md5=0142f49da698c7d65d3d6657c4033e60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth weight and later risk of depression in a national birth cohort T2 - British Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Br. J. Psychiatry VL - 184 IS - JAN. SP - 28 EP - 33 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1192/bjp.184.1.28 SN - 00071250 (ISSN) AU - Gale, C.R. AU - Martyn, C.N. AD - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom AD - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom AB - Background: Low birth weight increases the risk of childhood behavioural problems, but it is not clear whether poor foetal growth has a long-term influence on susceptibility to depression. Aims: To examine the relation between birth weight and risk of psychological distress and depression. Method: At age 16 years 5187 participants in the 1970 British Cohort Study completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire to assess psychological distress. At age 26 years 8292 participants completed the Malaise Inventory to assess depression and provided information about a history of depression. Results: Women whose birth weight was ≤ 3 kg had an increased risk of depression at age 26 years (OR=1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.5) compared with those who weighed > 3.5 kg. Birth weight was not associated with a reported history of depression or with risk of psychological distress at age 16 years. In men there were no associations between any measurement and the full range of birth weight but, compared with men of normal