TY - JOUR TI - Younger birth cohort correlates with higher breast and ovarian cancer risk in European BRCA1 mutation carriers T2 - Human Mutation J2 - Hum. Mutat. VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 583 EP - 589 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1002/humu.20261 SN - 10597794 (ISSN) AU - Kroiss, R. AU - Winkler, V. AU - Bikas, D. AU - Fleischmann, E. AU - Mainau, C. AU - Frommlet, F. AU - Muhr, D. AU - Fuerhauser, C. AU - Tea, M. AU - Bittner, B. AU - Kubista, E. AU - Oefner, P.J. AU - Bauer, P. AU - Wagner, T.M.U. AU - Bachmann, A. AU - Matthae, K. AU - Bachner, M. AU - Baldinger, C. AU - Baldinger, M. AU - Kusatz, R. AU - Concin, H. AU - Rohde, M. AU - Doeller, W. AU - Melbinger, E. AU - Duba, H.-C. AU - Forsthuber, E.P. AU - Sussitz, S. AU - Haid, A. AU - Lang, A. AU - Taraben, A. AU - Koeberle-Wuehrer, R. AU - Klug, E. AU - Leikermoser, R. AU - Hochmeir, W. AU - Krichbaumer, D. AU - Schmidhammer, C. AU - Poestlberger, S. AU - Mayer, P. AU - Mlineritsch, B. AU - Meixner, A. AU - Payrits, T. AU - Peintinger, F. AU - Niernberger, T. AU - Petru, E. AU - Steindorfer, P. AU - Konstantiniuk, P. AU - Ropp, E. AU - Menzel, C. AU - Glueck, S. AU - Tausch, C. AU - Smekal-Schindelwig, C. AU - Wahl, G. AU - Wiegele, J. AU - Schaefer, S. AU - Berning, S. AD - Division of Senology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria AD - Private Trust for Breast Health, Vienna, Austria AD - Department of Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria AD - Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States AD - Department of Obstetrics, Division of Senology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria AD - Hospital of Hall/Tyrol, Austria AD - General Hospital of St. Poelten, Austria AD - General Hospital of Wels, Austria AD - General Hospital of Bregenz, Austria AD - General Hospital of Wolfsberg, Austria AD - Women's General Hospital, Linz, Austria AD - General Hospital of Klagenfurt, Austria AD - General Hospital of Feldkirch, Austria AD - General Hospital of Oberwart, Austria AD - Hospital of St. Elisabeth, Linz, Austria AD - Hospital of the Merciful Sisters, Linz, Austria AD - General Hospital of Salzburg, Austria AD - General Hospital of Freistadt, Austria AD - Hospital of Wiener Neustadt, Austria AD - General Hospital of Leoben, Austria AD - University of Graz, Austria AD - University of Innsbruck, Austria AD - General Hospital of Linz, Austria AD - Hospital of Kardinal Schwarzenberg, Schwarzach/Pongau, Austria AB - Mutations in the BRCA1 gene result in an elevated risk of breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC). However, risk estimates vary depending on the study population and statistical methodology used, and there are indications that the birth cohort and location of the mutation influence cancer risk. We investigated the risks for BC and OC associated with BRCA1 mutations in a young cohort of female mutation carriers who were identified by molecular genetic testing and belonged to a genetically heterogeneous Central European population. The study included 106 healthy and 158 affected carriers identified at an Austrian risk evaluation center. Risk estimation employed the product limit method. The log rank test was used to compare different strata. The risk of developing cancer to age 70 was found to be 85% for BC (95% CI 75-97%) and 53% for OC (95% CI 37-68%). Female mutation carriers born in 1958 or later were subject to a significantly higher risk of BC (P = 0.005; 27% vs. 46% to age 40) and OC (P = 0.006; 2% vs. 8% to age 40) than those born earlier. Mutations in exon 11 were associated with lower BC risk than mutations in exons 1-10 (P = 0.008) and exons 12-24 (P = 0.0006). OC risk was not influenced by mutation location (P = 0.86). We conclude that female BRCA1 mutation carriers should be counseled about their cohort-dependent cancer risk. Further research into variables that affect cancer risk and are amenable to modification (e.g., lifestyle-related factors) should be considered a priority. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. KW - BRCA1 KW - Breast cancer KW - Cancer risk KW - Ovarian cancer KW - BRCA1 protein KW - age KW - article KW - Austria KW - breast cancer KW - cancer risk KW - cancer susceptibility KW - cohort analysis KW - Europe KW - exon KW - female KW - gene location KW - gene mutation KW - genetic counseling KW - heterozygote KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - oncogene KW - ovary cancer KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Cohort Studies KW - Europe KW - Female KW - Genes, BRCA1 KW - Heterozygote KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Ovarian Neoplasms KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HUMUE C2 - 16287141 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kroiss, R.; Department of Obstetrics, Division of Senology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; email: regina.kroiss@meduniwien.ac.at N1 - References: Antoniou, A., Pharoah, P.D., Narod, S., Risch, H.A., Eyfjord, J.E., Hopper, J.L., Loman, N., Easton, D.E., Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: A combined analysis of 22 studies (2003) Am J Hum Genet, 72, pp. 1117-1130; Brose, M.S., Rebbeck, T.R., Calzone, K.A., Stopfer, J.E., Nathanson, K.L., Weber, B.L., Cancer risk estimates for BRCA1 mutation carriers identified in a risk evaluation program (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 1365-1372; Buchholz, T.A., Wu, X., Hussain, A., Tucker, S.L., Mills, G.B., Haffty, B., Bergh, S., Brock, W.A., Evidence of haplotype insufficiency in human cells containing a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (2002) Int J Cancer, 97, pp. 557-561; Den Dunnen, J.T., Antonarakis, S.E., Mutation nomenclature extensions and suggestions to describe complex mutations: A discussion (2000) Hum Mut, 15, pp. 7-12; Easton, D.F., Ford, D., Bishop, D.T., Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA1-mutation carriers (1995) Am J Hum Genet, 56, pp. 265-271. , Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium; Easton, D.F., Hopper, J.L., Thomas, D.C., Antoniou, A., Pharoah, P.D., Whittemore, A.S., Haile, R.W., Breast cancer risks for BRCA1/2 carriers (2004) Science, 306, pp. 2187-2191; Eng, C., Brody, L.C., Wagner, T.M., Devilee, P., Vilg, J., Szabo, C., Tavtigian, S.V., Frank, T.S., Interpreting epidemiological research: Blinded comparison of methods used to estimate the prevalence of inherited mutations in BRCA1 (2001) J Med Genet, 38, pp. 824-833; Gayther, S.A., Warren, W., Mazoyer, S., Russell, P.A., Harrington, P.A., Chiano, M., Seal, S., Ponder, B.A.J., Germline mutations of the BRCA1 gene in breast and ovarian cancer families provide evidence for a genotype-phenotype correlation (1995) Nat Genet, 11, pp. 428-433; King, M.C., Marks, J.H., Mandell, J.B., Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (2003) Science, 302, pp. 643-646; Miki, Y., Swensen, J., Shattuck-Eidens, D., Futreal, P.A., Harshman, K., Tavtigian, S., Liu, Q., Skolnick, M.H., A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 (1994) Science, 266, pp. 66-71; Muhr, D., Wagner, T., Oefner, P.J., Polymerase chain reaction fidelity and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (2002) J Chromatogr, 782, pp. 105-110; Narod, S.A., Goldgar, D., Cannon-Albright, L., Weber, B., Moslehi, R., Ives, E., Lenoir, G., Lynch, H., Risk modifiers in carriers of BRCA1 mutations (1995) Int J Cancer, 64, pp. 394-398; Narod, S.A., Modifiers of risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (2002) Nat Rev Cancer, 2, pp. 113-123; Ramlau-Hansen, H., Smoothing counting process intensities by means of kernel functions (1983) Ann Stat, 11, pp. 453-466; Satagopan, J.M., Offit, K., Foulkes, W., Robson, M.E., Wacholder, S., Eng, C.M., Karp, S.E., Begg, C.B., The lifetime risks of breast cancer in Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (2001) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, pp. 467-473; Satagopan, J.M., Boyd, J., Kauff, N.D., Robson, M., Scheuer, L., Narod, S., Offit, K., Ovarian cancer risk in Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (2002) Clin Cancer Res, 8, pp. 3776-3781; Struewing, J.P., Hartge, P., Wacholder, S., Baker, S.M., Berlin, M., McAdams, M., Timmerman, M.M., Tucker, M.A., Risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Ashkenazi Jews (1997) N Engl J Med, 336, pp. 1401-1408; Thompson, D., Easton, D.F., Cancer incidence in BRCA1 mutation carriers (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 1358-1365; Wacholder, S., Struewing, J.P., Hartge, P., Greene, M.H., Tucker, M.A., Breast cancer risks for BRCA1/2 carriers (2004) Science, 306, pp. 2187-2191; Wagner, T., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Fleischmann, E., Muhr, D., Pages, S., Sandberg, T., Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography detects reliably BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (1999) Genomics, 62, pp. 369-376; Wainberg, S., Husted, J., Utilization of screening and preventive surgery among unaffected carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation (2004) Cancer Epidemiol Biomakers Prev, 13, pp. 1989-1995; Warner, E., Foulkes, W., Goodwin, P., Meschino, W., Blondal, J., Paterson, C., Ozcelik, H., Narod, S., Prevalence and penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in unselected Ashkenazi Jewish women with breast cancer (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 1241-1247 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28844476655&doi=10.1002%2fhumu.20261&partnerID=40&md5=08e2feaea797f003040f751743d1723b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of radiation on the longitudinal trends of hemoglobin levels in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors T2 - Radiation Research J2 - Radiat. Res. VL - 164 IS - 6 SP - 820 EP - 827 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1667/RR3470.1 SN - 00337587 (ISSN) AU - Wong, F.L. AU - Yamada, M. AU - Tominaga, T. AU - Fujiwara, S. AU - Suzuki, G. AD - Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Center for Community Health, UCLA, United States AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AD - Sasebo Central Hospital, Japan AB - The late effects of radiation on the hematopoietic system have not been fully evaluated. We examined the long-term effects of radiation exposure on hemoglobin levels in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors over a 40-year period from 1958 to 1998. Compared to the unexposed survivors, the mean hemoglobin levels for those exposed to a bone marrow dose of 1 Gy were significantly reduced by 0.10 g/dl (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.16) or 0.67% at 40 years of age (P < 0.0001) and by 0.24 g/dl (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.40) or 1.8% at 80 years of age. Radiation effects are greater for smokers than for nonsmokers at age less than 35 years (P < 0.01), although cigarette smoking was associated with increased hemoglobin levels. Sex and birth cohort differences in radiation effects were not found after adjusting for smoking. The radiation-induced reduction in hemoglobin levels could not be explained by the presence of certain anemia-associated diseases. © 2005 by Radiation Research Society. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - anemia KW - article KW - atomic bomb KW - bone marrow KW - cigarette smoking KW - clinical article KW - female KW - hematopoietic system KW - hemoglobin determination KW - human KW - Japan KW - male KW - priority journal KW - radiation KW - radiation exposure KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Anemia KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Hemoglobins KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Smoking KW - Survivors KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: RAREA C2 - 16296889 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: yamada@rerf.or.jp N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Hemoglobins N1 - References: Preston, D.L., Kusumi, S., Tomonaga, M., Izumi, S., Ron, E., Kuramoto, A., Kamada, N., Mabuchi, K., Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. 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Res., 123, pp. 275-284; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Hosoda, Y., Effects of radiation on the longitudinal trends of total serum cholesterol levels in the atomic bomb survivors (1999) Radiat. Res., 151, pp. 736-746; Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H., Random-effects models for longitudinal data (1982) Biometrics, 38, pp. 963-974; Cnaan, A., Laird, N.M., Slasor, P., Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data (1997) Stat. 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A review (1995) Scanning Microsc., 9, pp. 535-560; Klimenko, V.I., Iukhimuk, L.N., The morphofunctional indices of the erythrocytic link in hemopoiesis in persons constantly working in an area of intensified radioecological control (1993) Likarska Sprava, 2-3, pp. 31-36. , in Russian; Petrova, A., Gnedko, T., Maistrova, I., Zafranskaya, M., Dainiak, N., Morbvidity in a large cohort study of children born to mothers exposed to radiation from Chernobyl (1997) Stem Cells, 15 (SUPPL.), pp. 141-150; Koshel, I.V., Rumiantsev, A.G., Health status of children exposed to low doses of radiation 1 year after the Chernoby AES accident (1991) Pediatriia, 12, pp. 13-16; Pivnik, A.V., Moiseeva, T.N., Domracheva, E.V., Al-Radi, L.S., Broun, G.A., Karpova, I.V., Kremenetskaia, A.M., Vorob'ev, A.I., The clinico-hematological indices of the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident (1996) Ter. Arkh., 68, pp. 73-77. , in Russian; Kulakov, V.I., Sokur, T.N., Volobuev, A.I., Tzibulskaya, I.S., Malisheva, V.A., Zikin, B.I., Ezova, L.C., Speranskaya, N.V., Female reproductive function in areas affected by radiation after the Chernobyl power station accident (1993) Environ. Health Perspect., 101 (SUPPL.), pp. 117-123; (1979) Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings, , Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo; Snell, F.M., Neel, J.V., Ishibashi, K., Hematologic studies in Hiroshima and a control city two years after the atomic bombing (1947) Arch. Intern. Med., pp. 569-604; Finch, S.C., Finch, C.A., (1988) Summary of the Studies at ABCC-RERF Concerning the Late Hematologic Effects of Atomic Bomb Exposure in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , TR 23-88, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima; Freedman, L., Seki, M., Phair, J., Nefzger, M.D., (1966) Proteinuria in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors, , TR 22-66, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima; Geiger, H., Van Zant, G., The aging of lympho-hematopoietic stem cells (2002) Nat. Immunol., 3, pp. 329-333; Chen, J., Astle, C.M., Harrison, D.E., Hematopoietic senescence is postponed and hematopoietic stem cell function is enhanced by dietary restriction (2003) Exp. Hematol., 31, pp. 1097-1103; Kusunoki, Y., Kyoizumi, S., Hirai, Y., Suzuki, T., Nakashima, E., Kodama, K., Seyama, T., Flow cytometry measurements of subsets of T, B and NK cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of atomic bomb survivors (1998) Radiat. Res., 150, pp. 227-236; Yamaoka, M., Kusunoki, Y., Kasagi, F., Hayashi, T., Nakachi, K., Kyoizumi, S., Decreases in percentages of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells and increases in percentages of memory CD8 T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood lymphocyte populations of A-bomb survivors (2004) Radiat. Res., 161, pp. 290-298; Nordenberg, D., Yip, R., Binkin, N.J., The effect of cigarette smoking on hemoglobin levels and anemia screening (1990) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 264, pp. 1556-1559; Rodger, R.S., Fletcher, K., Fail, B.J., Rahman, H., Sviland, L., Hamilton, P.J., Factors influencing haematological measurements in healthy adults (1987) J. Chronic Dis., 40, pp. 943-947 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28044432093&doi=10.1667%2fRR3470.1&partnerID=40&md5=2c06714874d5057ee3e698bc1ad5a80a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parent-child relationships and health problems in adulthood in three UK national birth cohort studies T2 - European Journal of Public Health J2 - Eur. J. Public Health VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 640 EP - 646 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/eurpub/cki049 SN - 11011262 (ISSN) AU - Stewart-Brown, S.L. AU - Fletcher, L. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom AD - Biostatistician, Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Division of Health in the Community, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom AB - Background: Event-based measures suggest that emotional adversity in childhood has a long-term health impact, but less attention has been paid to chronic emotional stressors such as family conflict, harsh discipline or lack of affection. This study aimed to assess the impact of the latter on health problems and illness in adulthood. Methods: Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses of data collected in three UK national birth cohort studies at ages 43 and 16 years covering subjective report of relationship quality from the 'child', and number of health problems and illnesses reported in adulthood at ages 43, 33 and 26 years adjusted for social class, sex and, in 1946 and 1970 cohorts, for symptoms of mental illness. Results: Reports of abuse and neglect (1946 cohort), poor quality relationship with mother and father (1958 cohort), and a range of negative relationship descriptors (1970 cohort) predicted reports of three or more illnesses or health problems in adulthood. Results were inconsistent with respect to one or two illnesses or health problems. Adjustment for sex, social class and poor mental health attenuated the odds of poor health, but measures of relationship quality retained a significant independent effect. Conclusions: Poor quality parent-child relationships could be a remediable risk factor for poor health in adulthood. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved. KW - Adult health KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Parent-child relationships KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adult disease KW - birth KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - conflict KW - controlled study KW - emotional stress KW - father KW - father child relation KW - female KW - human KW - information processing KW - logistic regression analysis KW - long term exposure KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - mother KW - mother child relation KW - multivariate logistic regression analysis KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - qualitative analysis KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - sex ratio KW - social class KW - statistical significance KW - symptom KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Family Relations KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Love KW - Male KW - Parent-Child Relations N1 - Cited By :40 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJPHF C2 - 16093299 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Stewart-Brown, S.L.; Division of Health in the Community, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; email: sarah.stewart-brown@warwick.ac.uk N1 - References: Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.J., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch Dis Childhood, 77, pp. 326-330; Ely, M., Richards, M.P.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Elliott, B.J., Secular changes in the association of parental divorce and children's educational attainment; evidence from 3 British birth cohorts (1999) J Social Policy, 28, pp. 437-455; Robins, L.N., Rutter, M.E., (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Loebe, R., Dishion, T., Early predictors of male delinquency: A review (1983) Psychol Bull, 94, pp. 68-99; Neeleman, J., Wessely, S., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Predictors of suicide, accidental death and premature natural death in a general population cohort (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 93-97; Rogers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1309; 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II. Psychosocial and other risk factors as evidenced by a multivariate analysis of a five year incidence study (1976) Am J Med, 60, pp. 910-921; Bosma, H., Marmot, M.G., Hemingway, H., Nicholson, A.C., Brunner, E., Stansfeld, S.A., Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in Whitehall II (prospective cohort) study (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 558-565; Reynolds, P., Kaplan, G.A., Social connections and risk for cancer: Prospective evidence from the Alameda County study (1990) Behav Med, 16, pp. 101-110; Hemingway, H., Marmot, M., Evidence based cardiology: Psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease. 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A decade of research (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol, 25, pp. 281-282; Lindelow, M., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population: The Psychiatric Symptom Frequency (PSF) Scale (1994) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 51, pp. 549-557; Goldberg, D.P., Hillier, V.F., A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (1979) Psychol Med, 9, pp. 189-272; Giovannoni, J.M., Definitional issues in child maltreatment (1989) Child Maltreatment: Theory and Research on Causes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect, pp. 3-37. , Cicchetti D and Carlson V, editors, New York: Cambridge University Press; Ghate, D., Daniels, A., (1997) Talking about My Generation: A Survey of 8-15 Year Olds Growing Up in the 1990s, , London: NSPCC; Hart, T., Risley, T.R., (1995) Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experiences of Young American Children, , Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes; Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J.G., Salzinger, S., A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: Findings of a 17 year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect (1998) Child Abuse Neglect, 22, pp. 1065-1078; Marshall, J., Watt, P., (1999) Child Behaviour Problems: A Literature Review of the Size and Nature of the Problem and Prevention Interventions in Childhood, , Perth, Western Australia: The Inter agency Committee on Children's Futures; Barlow, J., Stewart Brown, S., Behavior problems and group-based parent education programs (2000) J Dev Behav Pediat, 21, pp. 356-370 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29044433845&doi=10.1093%2feurpub%2fcki049&partnerID=40&md5=7e684dc05cc923c403c112056e0ca1a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth size and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective population based study T2 - Gut J2 - Gut VL - 54 IS - 12 SP - 1728 EP - 1732 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/gut.2004.060475 SN - 00175749 (ISSN) AU - Nilsen, T.I.L. AU - Romundstad, P.R. AU - Troisi, R. AU - Potischman, N. AU - Vatten, L.J. AD - Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway AD - Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AB - Objective: To study whether birth size influences colorectal cancer risk in adulthood. Design: A cohort of Norwegian men and women identified from midwives' birth records with long term cancer follow up through the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Setting: St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Participants: 16 016 women and 19 681 men born between 1920 and 1958 and alive in 1960. Outcome measures: Incidence rate ratios (RRs) for colorectal cancer with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and two sided p values for trend across categories of birth dimensions. Results: Men whose birth length was less than 51 cm had a nearly twofold higher risk of colorectal cancer (RR 1.9 (95% CI 1.0-3.7)) compared with men who were 53 cm or more, after adjustment for birth cohort, maternal age at childbearing, length of gestation, gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia, birth order, maternal height, and indicators of maternal socioeconomic status. The association displayed a linear trend across categories of birth length (ptrend = 0.03). Among men, similar associations were found for birth weight and head circumference, but for women there was no association between any of these birth dimensions and risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusion: The results suggest that among men, but not women, being relatively short at birth is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in adulthood, indicating that intrauterine growth could be important for colorectal carcinogenesis. KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - body size KW - cancer registry KW - cancer risk KW - cohort analysis KW - colorectal cancer KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - head circumference KW - human KW - male KW - maternal age KW - maternal hypertension KW - Norway KW - outcomes research KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal growth KW - priority journal KW - social status KW - university hospital KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Size KW - Cephalometry KW - Colorectal Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Fetal Development KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Norway KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :23 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: GUTTA C2 - 15843419 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Vatten, L.J.; Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway; email: lars.vatten@medisin.ntnu.no N1 - References: Barker, D.J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vagero, D., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; Ahlgren, M., Sorensen, T., Wohlfahrt, J., Birth weight and risk of breast cancer in a cohort of 106,504 women (2003) Int J Cancer, 107, pp. 997-1000; McCormack, V.A., Dos, S.S., De Stavola, B.L., Fetal growth and subsequent risk of breast cancer: Results from long term follow up of Swedish cohort (2003) BMJ, 326, p. 248; Potischman, N., Troisi, R., In-utero and early life exposures in relation to risk of breast cancer (1999) Cancer Causes Control, 10, pp. 561-573; Vatten, L.J., Maehle, B.O., Lund Nilsen, T.I., Birth weight as a predictor of breast cancer: A case-control study in Norway (2002) Br J Cancer, 86, pp. 89-91; Sandhu, M.S., Luben, R., Day, N.E., Self-reported birth weight and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer (2002) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11, pp. 935-938; Barker, D.J., Gluckman, P.D., Godfrey, K.M., Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 938-941; Ekbom, A., Growing evidence that several human cancers may originate in utero (1998) Semin Cancer Biol, 8, pp. 237-244; Eriksson, J., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Fetal and childhood growth and hypertension in adult life (2000) Hypertension, 36, pp. 790-794; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T.J., Childhood growth and coronary heart disease in later life (2002) Ann Med, 34, pp. 157-161; Forsen, T., Eriksson, J., Tuomilehto, J., The fetal and childhood growth of persons who develop type 2 diabetes (2000) Ann Intern Med, 133, pp. 176-182; Hu, F.B., Manson, J.E., Liu, S., Prospective study of adult onset diabetes mellitus (type 2) and risk of colorectal cancer in women (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 542-547; Will, J.C., Galuska, D.A., Vinicor, F., Colorectal cancer: Another complication of diabetes mellitus? 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Sci. Q. VL - 86 IS - SPEC. ISS. SP - 1170 EP - 1195 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00341.x SN - 00384941 (ISSN) AU - Fronstin, P. AU - Greenberg, D.H. AU - Robins, P.K. AD - Employee Benefit Research Institute, United States AD - University of Maryland, Baltimore County, United States AD - University of Miami, United States AD - University of Miami, Department of Economics, PO Box 248126, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States AB - This article uses data from the National Child Development Survey on a cohort of individuals born in Great Britain during the first week of March 1958 to investigate whether educational attainment and labor force behavior 33 years later are affected by childhood behavioral problems that are exhibited at both age 7 and age 16. Method. Regression methods are used to test hypotheses concerning these effects. Results. Our results indicate that maladjusted children suffer economically when they reach adulthood. Maladjusted children perform worse on aptitude tests and have lower educational attainment. Maladjusted children also are less likely to be employed at age 33 and to have lower wages when employed. Part of the reduced employment and wages is the result of lower education, but part is also due to other factors. Conclusion. Future research should investigate whether adult labor market outcomes vary with the type of behavioral problems exhibited at younger ages. © 2005 by the Southwestern Social Science Association. N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Robins, P.K.; University of Miami, Department of Economics, PO Box 248126, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States; email: probins@miami.edu N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Booth, A., (1997) A Generation at Risk: Growing Up in An Era of Family Upheaval, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Caspi, A., Elder Jr., G.H., Bem, D.J., Moving against the world: Life-course patterns of explosive children (1987) Developmental Psychology, 23, pp. 308-313; Moving away from the world: Life-course patterns of shy children (1988) Developmental Psychology, 24, pp. 824-831; Caspi, A., Wright, B.R., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 424-451; Lindsay, C.P., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Conley, D., Bennett, N.G., Is biology destiny? birth weight and life chances (2000) American Sociological Review, 65, pp. 458-467; Currie, J., Hyson, R., (1999) Is the Impact of Health Shocks Cushioned by Socioeconomic Status? the Case of Low Birth Weight, 6999. , NBER Working Paper; Davie, R., The problem child (1973) London Educational Review, 2, pp. 38-46; Dohrenwend, B., Levay, I., Shrout, P., Schwartz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B., Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue (1992) Science, 255, pp. 946-952; Farmer, E.M.Z., Externalizing behavior in the life course: The transition from school to work (1993) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1, pp. 179-188; Extremity of externalizing behavior and young adult outcomes (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 617-632; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Ghodsian, M., Fogelman, K., Lambert, L., Tibbenham, A., Changes in behaviour ratings of a national sample of children (1980) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, pp. 247-256; Greene, W.H., (1998) Limdep Version 7.0: User's Manual, , New York: Plainview; Gregg, P., Machin, S., (1997) Child Development and Success or Failure in the Youth Labour Market, , Unpublished manuscript. 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Whitmore, eds., London: Longman; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London: Social Science Research Unit, City University; Appendix 1: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: the Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, pp. P184-88. , Elsa Ferri, ed., London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children: Manual to the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides, , London: University of London Press; Yabiku, S.T., Axinn, W.G., Thornton, A., Family Integration and Children's Self-Esteem (1999) American Journal of Sociology, 104, pp. 1494-1524; Zavoina, R., McElvey, W., A statistical model for the analysis of ordinal dependent variables (1975) Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 3, pp. 103-120 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30544450235&doi=10.1111%2fj.0038-4941.2005.00341.x&partnerID=40&md5=af6fe567718a16ada9958fb26150bdbe ER - TY - JOUR TI - How important is your personality? Labor market returns to personality for women in the US and UK T2 - Journal of Economic Psychology J2 - J. Econ. Psychol. VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 827 EP - 841 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.joep.2005.03.001 SN - 01674870 (ISSN) AU - Groves, M.O. AD - Department of Economics, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States AB - Why do apparently similar people have varied success in the labor market? While cognitive performance and educational attainment have been shown to be strong indicators of economic success, there remains a large portion of unexplained variance in earnings after controlling for the standard variables. This paper uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women and women from the National Child Development Study to explore the value of incorporating psychological traits into wage determination models. This research finds that traits such as locus of control, aggression, and withdrawal are all statistically significant factors in the wage determination models of white women. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Labor KW - Personality KW - Wages KW - Women N1 - Cited By :102 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Groves, M.O.; Department of Economics, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States; email: mgroves@towson.edu N1 - References: Andrisanni, P., (1978) Work Attitudes and Labor Market Experience, , NY: Praeger Publishers; Andrisanni, P., Nestel, G., Internal-external control as contributor to and outcome of work experience (1976) Journal of Applied Psychology, 61 (2), pp. 156-165; Ashenfelter, O., Harmon, C., Oosterbeek, H., A Review of Estimates of the Schooling/Earnings Relationship (1999), with Tests for Publication Bias. 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Epidemiol. VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 65 EP - 74 PY - 2005 SN - 08032491 (ISSN) AU - Kristensen, P. AU - Bjerkedal, T. AU - Irgens, L.M. AU - Gravseth, H.M. AU - Brevik, J.I. AD - National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway AD - Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway AD - Division of Military Medical Research and Development, Joint Norwegian Medical Services, Oslo, Norway AD - Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Locus of Registry Based Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway AD - National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway AB - Background: We have earlier found that birthweight below the mean, parental factors, and childhood disease were associated with unemployment at age 29. We reanalysed data because we wanted to examine if the association between birthweight and subsequent unemployment was mediated by intellectual performance at conscript. Methods: Through linkage between several national registers, containing personal information from birth into adult age, we established a longitudinal, population-based cohort. Study participants were all 158 026 male singletons born in Norway in 1967-1971 as registered by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway who were national residents at age 29. Study outcome was unemployment defined as a lack of personal income among persons who were not under education in the calendar year of their 29th birthday. We computed unemployment risk in separate strata, and adjusted risk ratios and population attributable risks as measures of association and impact, respectively. Results: The association between birthweight and unemployment found earlier was mainly mediated through intellectual performance at conscript, in accordance with the study hypothesis. Birthweight, childhood disease and seven parental factors relating to income, disability, and family pattern, were independently associated with subsequent unemployment, each with population attributable risks ranging from 2% to 12%. Intellectual performance in young adult age, educational attainment, and marital status contributed substantially to the unemployment risk. Conclusion: Differentials in work participation among young men emerge in childhood. Circumstances throughout the life course contribute to the unemployment risk. KW - Adult KW - Birthweight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Education KW - Employment KW - Follow-up studies KW - Intellectual Performance KW - Social Environment KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - childhood disease KW - cohort analysis KW - disability KW - education KW - family KW - human KW - income KW - intellect KW - life event KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - marriage KW - Norway KW - outcome assessment KW - register KW - risk assessment KW - unemployment N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kristensen, P.; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. 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VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 29 EP - 40 PY - 2005 SN - 08032491 (ISSN) AU - Eide, M.G. 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(2004) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 83, pp. 180-186; Munstedt, K., Von Georgi, R., Reucher, S., Zygmunt, M., Lang, U., Term breech and long-term morbidity - Cesarean section versus vaginal breech delivery (2001) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 96, pp. 163-167; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Mashiach, S., Danon, Y.L., Long-term effects of vacuum and forceps deliveries (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1583-1585; Roemer, F.J., Rowland, D.Y., Long-term developmental outcomes of method of delivery (1994) Early Hum Dev, 39, pp. 1-14; Nilsen, S.T., Boys born by forceps and vacuum extraction examined at 18 years of age (1984) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 63, pp. 549-554; Wesley, B.D., Van Den Berg, B.J., Reece, E.A., The effect of forceps delivery on cognitive development (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 169, pp. 1091-1095; Wilcox, A., Russell, I., Why small black infants have a lower mortality rate than small white infants: The case for population-specific standards for birth weight (1990) J Pediatr, 116, pp. 7-10; Wilcox, A.J., On the importance - and the unimportance - of birthweight (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 1233-1241; Bakketeig, L.S., Cnattingius, S., Knudsen, L.B., Socioeconomic differences in fetal and infant mortality in Scandinavia (1993) J Public Health Policy, 14, pp. 82-90; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Crialesi, R., Grotvedt, L., Helmert, U., Differences in self reported morbidity by educational level: A comparison of 11 western European countries (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 219-227; Winkleby, M.A., Jatulis, D.E., Frank, E., Fortmann, S.P., Socioeconomic status and health: How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 816-820; Emanuel, I., Kimpo, C., Moceri, V., The association of grandmaternal and maternal factors with maternal adult stature (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 1243-1248; Eriksson, J.G., The fetal origins hypothesis - 10 Years on (2005) BMJ, 330, pp. 1096-1097 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32244433156&partnerID=40&md5=78ee2e4a3f5af977db0ef78bbeddd252 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early education and children's outcomes: How long do the impacts last? T2 - Fiscal Studies J2 - Fisc. Stud. VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 513 EP - 548 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1475-5890.2005.00022.x SN - 01435671 (ISSN) AU - Goodman, A. AU - Sianesi, B. AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, United Kingdom AB - We evaluate the effects of undergoing any early education (before the compulsory starting age of 5) and of pre-school on a cohort of British children born in 1958. In contrast to most available studies, we are able to assess whether any effects on cognition and socialisation are long-lasting, as well as to estimate their net impact on subsequent educational attainment and labour market performance. Controlling for a particularly rich set of child, parental, family and neighbourhood characteristics, we find some positive and long-lasting effects from early education. Specifically, pre-compulsory education (pre-school or school entry prior to age 5) was found to yield large improvements in cognitive tests at age 7, which, though diminished in size, remained significant throughout the schooling years, up to age 16. By contrast, attendance of pre-school (nursery or playgroup) was found to yield a positive but short-lived impact on test scores. The effects on socialisation appear to be more mixed: we found some positive, though short-lasting, effects of pre-compulsory education on teachers reports of social adjustment (only at age 7); on the other hand, we found some adverse behavioural effects according to parental reports at age 7 which persisted up to age 11. In adulthood, pre-compulsory education was found to increase the probabilities of obtaining qualifications and of being employed at age 33. For both pre-compulsory education and pre-school per se, we found evidence of a marginally significant 3-4 per cent wage gain at age 33. © Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2005. N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Goodman, A.; Institute for Fiscal StudiesUnited Kingdom; email: a.goodman@ifs.org.uk N1 - References: Barnett, W.S., Long-term effects of early childhood programs on cognitive and school outcomes (1995) The Future of Children, 5 (3), pp. 25-50; Blackstone, T., (1971) A Fair Start: The Provision of Pre-school Education, , London School of Economics Studies on Education, London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Sianesi, B., Evaluating the effect of education on earnings: Models, methods and results from the National Child Development Survey (2005) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 168, pp. 473-512; Cleveland, G., Krashinsky, M., (1998) The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care - The Economic Rationale for Public Investment in Young Children: A Policy Study, , Toronto: Childcare Resource and Research Unit, Department of Economics, University of Toronto; Currie, J., Early childhood education programs (2001) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, pp. 213-238; (1999) EPPE - The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education Project, , http://k1.ioe.ac.uk/schools/ecpe/eppe/, London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London; Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-97; Robertson, D., Symons, J., Pre-school education and attainment in the NCDS and BCS (1998) Human Resources Programme Paper No. 382, 382. , Centre for Economic Performance; Karoly, L.A., Greenwood, P.W., Everingham, S.S., Hoube, J., Kilburn, M.R., Rydell, C.P., Sanders, M., Chiesa, J., (1998) Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Dont Know about the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions, , Santa Monica, CA: RAND; Krueger, A.B., Experimental estimates of education production functions (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, pp. 497-532; Magnuson, K.A., Ruhm, C.J., Waldfogel, J., Does prekindergarten improve school preparation and performance? (2004) Working Paper No. 10452, , National Bureau of Economic Research; (1993) Study of Early Child Care (SECC), , http://www.nichd.nih.gov/od/secc/pubs.htm, Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Osborn, A.F., Milbank, J.E., (1987) The Effects of Early Education: A Report from the Child Health and Education Study, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Sammons, P., Sylva, K., Melhuish, E.C., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B., Elliot, K., Marsh, A., (2004) The Continuing Effects of Pre-School Education at Age 7 Years, , Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project, Technical Paper no. 11, London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London; Todd, P.E., Wolpin, K.I., On the specification and estimation of the production function for cognitive achievement (2003) Economic Journal, 113, pp. F3-33; Waldfogel, J., Early childhood interventions and outcomes (1999) CASEpaper No. 21, 21. , London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28844448705&doi=10.1111%2fj.1475-5890.2005.00022.x&partnerID=40&md5=a6849cb4711c1379b6604d6854773c44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Associations between physical activity and fat mass in adolescents: The Stockholm Weight Development Study T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 81 IS - 2 SP - 355 EP - 360 PY - 2005 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Ekelund, U. AU - Neovius, M. AU - Linné, Y. AU - Brage, S. AU - Wareham, N.J. AU - Rössner, S. AD - MRC Epidemiology Unit, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, CB1 9NL Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - Background: Obesity is multifactorial. However, the accumulation of fat mass (FM) is proposed to be due to a positive energy balance, which may be caused by reduced physical activity (PA). Objective: The objectives of the study were to describe the independent associations between PA and FM in adolescents and to describe the intergenerational association of FM between mothers and their offspring. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 445 (190 M, 255 F) 17-y-old adolescents and their mothers. PA was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire and validated by comparison with accelerometric data in a subsample of the cohort. Body composition was measured by using air-displacement plethysmography. Results: Males were significantly more active than were females (P < 0.01). PA was significantly and inversely associated with FM (β = -3.63, P = 0.005) and percentage FM (β = -3.117, P = 0.017) in males but not in females (β = -0.576, P = 0.54; β = -0.532, P = 0.59, respectively) after adjustment for birth weight and maternal FM and education level. However, FM and percentage FM in females were significantly associated with maternal FM (β = 0.159, P < 0.0001; β = 0.145, P = 0.002, respectively) and education level (β = -1.048, P < 0.005; β = -1.085, P = 0.006, respectively). No such associations were observed in males. Conclusions: PA was independently associated with FM in males but not in females. The data also showed an intergenerational association of FM between mothers and their daughters but not between mothers and their sons. © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition. KW - Adolescents KW - Fat mass KW - Intergenerational association KW - Obesity KW - Physical activity KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body composition KW - body fat KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - plethysmography KW - predictor variable KW - questionnaire KW - socioeconomics KW - weight gain KW - adipose tissue KW - anthropometry KW - body composition KW - body plethysmography KW - cohort analysis KW - cross-sectional study KW - energy metabolism KW - exercise KW - genetics KW - longitudinal study KW - metabolism KW - methodology KW - middle aged KW - mother KW - obesity KW - physiology KW - self disclosure KW - sex difference KW - Sweden KW - Adipose Tissue KW - Adolescent KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Composition KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mothers KW - Obesity KW - Plethysmography, Whole Body KW - Questionnaires KW - Self Disclosure KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :51 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 15699221 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ekelund, U.; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, CB1 9NL Cambridge, United Kingdom; email: ue202@medschl.cam.ac.uk N1 - References: Lobstein, T.J., James, W.P., Cole, T.J., Increasing levels of excess weight among children in England (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1136-1138; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R.A., Williamson, D.F., Berenson, G.S., Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 420-426; Moreno, L.A., Sarria, A., Fleta, J., Rodriguez, G., Bueno, M., Trends in body mass index and overweight prevalence among children and adolescents in the region of Aragon (Spain) from 1985 to 1995 (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 925-931; Booth, M.L., Chey, T., Wake, M., Change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Australians, 1969-1997 (2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 77, pp. 29-36; Barsh, G.S., Farooqi, S., O'Rahilly, S., Genetics of body weight regulation (2000) Nature, 404, pp. 644-651; (1998) Obesity-preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, , Geneva: World Health Organization; Hill, J.O., Peters, J.C., Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1371-1374; Koplan, J.P., Dietz, W.H., Caloric imbalance and public health policy (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1579-1581; Tremblay, M.S., Williams, J.M., Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? 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Wells, J.C., Fuller, N.J., Precision of measurement and body size in whole-body air-displacement plethysmography (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 1161-1167; Lockner, D.W., Heyward, V.H., Baumgartner, R.N., Jenkins, K.A., Comparison of air-displacement plethysmography, hydrodensitometry, and dual X-ray absorptiometry for assessing body composition of children 10 to 18 years of age (2000) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 904, pp. 72-78; McCrory, M.A., Gomez, T.D., Bernauer, E.M., Mole, P.A., Evaluation of a new air displacement plethysmograph for measuring human body composition (1995) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 27, pp. 1686-1691; Fields, D.A., Goran, M.I., McCrory, M.A., Body-composition assessment via air-displacement plethysmography in adults and children: A review (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 75, pp. 453-467; Öhlin, A., Rössner, S., Maternal body weight development after pregnancy (1990) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 14, pp. 159-173; Linné, Y., Barkeling, B., Rössner, S., Long-term weight development after pregnancy (2002) Obes Rev, 3, pp. 75-83; 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Paul, D.R., Novotny, J.A., Rumpler, W.V., Effects of the interaction of sex and food intake on the relation between energy expenditure and body composition (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 79, pp. 385-389; Ball, E.J., O'Conner, J., Abbott, R., Total energy expenditure, body fatness, and physical activity in children aged 6-9 y (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 524-528; Ekelund, U., Sardhina, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Associations between objectively assessed physical activity and indicators of body fatness in 9-to 10-y-old European children: A population-based study from 4 distinct regions in Europe (The European Youth Heart Study) (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 80, pp. 584-590; Prentice, A.M., Jebb, S.A., Fast foods, energy density and obesity: A possible mechanistic link (2003) Obes Rev, 4, pp. 187-194; Ludwig, D.S., Peterson, K.E., Gortmaker, S.L., Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: A prospective, observational analysis (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 505-508; Mrdjenovic, G., Levitsky, D.A., Nutritional and energetic consequences of sweetened drink consumption in 6- to 13-year-old children (2003) J Pediatr, 142, pp. 604-610; Tataranni, P.A., Harper, I.T., Snitker, S., Body weight gain in free-living Pima Indians: Effect of energy intake vs expenditure (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1578-1583; Klein-Platat, C., Wagner, A., Haan, M.C., Arveiler, D., Schlienger, J.L., Simon, C., Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of overweight in young French adolescents (2003) Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 19, pp. 153-158; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., Hansen, H.O., Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995 (1999) Acta Paediatr, 88, pp. 431-437; Sundqvist, K., Qvist, J., Johansson, S.-E., Sundqvist, J., Increasing trends in obesity in Sweden between 1996/97 and 2000/01 (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, pp. 254-261; He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Population-based body mass index reference values from Göteborg, Sweden: Birth to 18 years of age (2000) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 582-592 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14544272448&partnerID=40&md5=a97346ba54c66024e483df49e1a9178a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age at menarche and adult BMI in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Cohort Study T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 82 IS - 4 SP - 733 EP - 739 PY - 2005 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Pierce, M.B. AU - Leon, D.A. AD - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom AD - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1 7HT, United Kingdom AB - Background: Few studies have examined whether the inverse association of age at menarche with adult body mass index (BMI) is due to the tendency of BMI to track between childhood and adult life, with childhood BMI playing a causal role in determining age at menarche. Objective: The objective was to investigate whether the association of younger age at menarche with a high BMI and increased likelihood of obesity in middle age is due to confounding with early childhood BMI. Design: In a historical cohort of 3743 Scottish females born between 1950 and 1955, height and weight were measured in early childhood, and age at menarche and height and weight in middle age were obtained by questionnaire. Results: The age-adjusted change in mean adult BMI per additional year of age at menarche was -0.64 (95% CI: -0.78, -0.50). Adjustment for childhood BMI measured between 4 and 6 y reduced this value to -0.57 (-0.71, -0.43). Adjustment for childhood and adult social class, parity, smoking, and alcohol intake had little effect. The odds ratio for being obese compared with not being obese in adulthood was 0.82 (0.76, 0.86) per 1-y increase in age at menarche and was unchanged by adjustment for childhood BMI and other covariates. Conclusions: The inverse association of age at menarche with BMI and obesity in middle age is not explained by confounding by early childhood BMI. Instead, age at menarche may simply be a proxy marker for the pace of sexual maturation, which itself leads to differences in adiposity (and BMI) in the peripubertal period that track into adult life. © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition. KW - Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Study KW - Body mass index KW - Epidemiology KW - Growth KW - Life course analysis KW - Menarche KW - Sexual maturation KW - adult KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - body growth KW - body mass KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - menarche KW - obesity KW - parity KW - questionnaire KW - smoking KW - social class KW - adolescent KW - age KW - biological model KW - body constitution KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child KW - epidemiology KW - menarche KW - middle aged KW - obesity KW - physiology KW - preschool child KW - prevalence KW - risk KW - sexual maturation KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical model KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Menarche KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Biological KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires KW - Scotland KW - Sexual Maturation KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :93 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 16210700 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leon, D.A.; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1 7HT, United Kingdom; email: david.leon@lshtm.ac.uk N1 - References: James, W.P.T., The epidemiology of obesity (1996) The Origins and Consequences of Obesity, pp. 1-16. , Chadwick DJ, Cardrew G, eds. 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VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 609 EP - 624 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/07357900500283093 SN - 07357907 (ISSN) AU - Forman, M.R. AU - Cantwell, M.M. AU - Ronckers, C. AU - Zhang, Y. AD - Laboratory of Biosystems and Cancer, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Hormone Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States AB - The global increase in the proportion of women diagnosed with breast cancer, inadequate access to screening and high cost of treatment for breast cancer argue strongly for a greater focus on preventive strategies. But at what age is it appropriate to begin targeting preventive approaches? The recognized role of perinatal nutrition in neurologic development and the relation of maternal nutritional status to birthweight and subsequent risk of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease identify pregnancy and early childhood as potential phases for prevention. This review examines indicators of hormonal and nutritional exposures in early life and breast cancer risk through the lens of the life course paradigm integrated with maternal and child health research and methodology. Compared to women who were normal birthweight (2500-3999 g), women who weighed ≥4,000 g at birth have a 20 percent to 5-fold increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Women born preterm and likely to be small- or large-for-date also have an increased risk. Birth length is directly associated with risk and has a larger magnitude of effect than birthweight. Prior preeclamptics and their daughters have a lower risk of breast cancer than comparable normotensives. An association between infant feeding practices and breast cancer is unclear without improved exposure assessment and analysis. Rapid childhood and pubertal linear growth increases breast cancer risk, while greater body fat over the same periods reduces risk. Growth data thus far have not been calculated in Z-scores from reference growth curves for comparison across studies. Events and secular trends influencing birth cohorts may not be adequately addressed, thereby limiting the interpretation and implications of the findings. Research in nonhuman primates may help uncover underlying mechanisms. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Inc. KW - Breast cancer risk KW - Early-life exposures KW - chorionic gonadotropin KW - estradiol KW - estriol KW - estrogen KW - estrone KW - gonadotropin KW - leptin KW - mitogenic agent KW - placental growth factor KW - prasterone sulfate KW - somatomedin C KW - aromatization KW - birth weight KW - body fat KW - body mass KW - body size KW - bottle feeding KW - breast cancer KW - breast feeding KW - cancer risk KW - child growth KW - epigenetics KW - exposure KW - genetic polymorphism KW - growth curve KW - human KW - infant feeding KW - large for gestational age KW - maternal age KW - mathematical computing KW - ovary cyst KW - postmenopause KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - prematurity KW - premenopause KW - priority journal KW - puberty KW - race difference KW - review KW - scoring system KW - small for date infant KW - weight gain KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Composition KW - Breast Feeding KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant Food KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Maternal Age KW - Nutritional Status KW - Pre-Eclampsia KW - Pregnancy KW - Premature Birth KW - Puberty KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :47 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CINVD C2 - 16305989 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Forman, M.R.; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; email: mf63p@nih.gov N1 - Chemicals/CAS: chorionic gonadotropin, 9002-61-3; estradiol, 50-28-2; estriol, 50-27-1; estrone, 53-16-7; gonadotropin, 63231-54-9; prasterone sulfate, 651-48-9; somatomedin C, 67763-96-6 N1 - References: Charnov, E., (1993) Life History Invariants: Explorations of Symmetry in Evolutionary Ecology, , Oxford University Press: Oxford; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Introduction: A life course approach to the etiology of adult chronic disease (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford University Press: Oxford; Stern, P.R., Condon, R.G., Puberty, pregnancy, and menopause: Lifecycle acculturation in a Copper Inuit community (1995) Arctic Med. 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AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States AD - Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States AD - CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States AB - Objective: The possibility that there are racial differences in the patterns of BMI (kilograms per meter squared) change throughout life has not been examined. For example, the high prevalence of obesity among black women could result from a higher prevalence of obesity among black girls or because normal-weight black girls experience larger BMI increases in adolescence or adulthood than do their white counterparts. Therefore, we examined the tracking of child-hood BMI into adulthood in a biracial (36% black) sample. Research Methods and Procedures: Five- to 14-year-old children (2392) were followed for (mean) 17 years. Child-hood overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 95th percentile, and adult obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2. Results: The tracking of childhood BMI differed between whites and blacks. Among overweight children, 65% of white girls vs. 84% of black girls became obese adults, and predictive values among boys were 71 % (whites) vs. 82% (blacks). These racial differences reflected contrasting patterns in the rate of BMI change. Although the initial BMI of black children was not higher than that of white children, BMI increases with age were larger among black girls and overweight black boys than among their white counterparts. In contrast, relatively thin (BMI < 50th percentile) white boys were more likely to become overweight adults than were their black counterparts. Discussion: These findings emphasize the black/white differences in BMI changes with age. Because of the adult health consequences of childhood-onset obesity, early prevention should be given additional emphasis. Copyright © 2005 NAASO. KW - Adiposity KW - Adolescents KW - Blacks KW - Longitudinal KW - Overweight KW - adolescent KW - aging KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - Caucasian KW - child KW - comparative study KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - Negro KW - obesity KW - preschool child KW - race KW - sexual development KW - statistical model KW - Adolescent KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Aging KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Continental Population Groups KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Sex Characteristics N1 - Cited By :129 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15919847 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Freedman, D.S.; CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States; email: DFreedman@CDC.gov N1 - References: Hedley, A.A., Ogden, C.L., Johnson, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., Flegal, K.M., Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002 (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 2847-2850; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? 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(1993) Crit Rev Food Sei Nutr, 33, pp. 423-430; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Guo, S.S., Wu, W., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Predicting over-weight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 653-658; Freedman, D.S., Kettle Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2005) Pediatrics, 115, pp. 22-27; Kahn, H.S., Williamson, D.F., Stevens, J.A., Race and weight change in US women: The roles of socioeconomic and marital status (1991) Am J Public Health, 81, pp. 319-323; Burke, G.L., Bild, D.E., Hilner, J.E., Folsom, A.R., Wagenknecht, L.E., Sidney, S., Differences in weight gain in relation to race, gender, age and education in young adults: The CARDIA Study: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (1996) Ethn Health, 1, pp. 327-335; McTigue, K.M., Garrett, J.M., Popkin, B.M., The natural history of the development of obesity in a cohort of young U.S. adults between 1981 and 1998 (2002) Ann Intern Med, 136, pp. 857-864; Sheehan, T.J., DuBrava, S., DeChello, L.M., Fang, Z., Rates of weight change for black and white Americans over a twenty year period (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 498-504; Sherwood, N.E., Story, M., Obarzanek, E., Correlates of obesity in African-American girls: An overview (2004) Obes Res, 12 (SUPPL.), pp. 3-6S; Harnack, L.J., Jeffery, R.W., Boutelle, K.N., Temporal trends in energy intake in the United States: An ecologic perspective (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 71, pp. 1478-1484; Jeffery, R.W., Utter, J., The changing environment and population obesity in the United States (2003) Obes Res, 11 (SUPPL.), pp. 12-22S; Swinburn, B.A., Caterson, I., Seidell, J.C., James, W.P., Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity (2004) Public Health Nutr, 7, pp. 123-146; Troiano, R.P., Briefel, R.R., Carroll, M.D., Bialostosky, K., Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the United States: Data from the national health and nutrition examination surveys (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72 (5 SUPPL.), pp. 1343-53S; Jebb, S.A., Moore, M.S., Contribution of a sedentary lifestyle and inactivity to the etiology of overweight and obesity: Current evidence and research issues (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31 (11 SUPPL.), pp. S534-41; Kimm, S.Y., Glynn, N.W., Kriska, A.M., Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence (2002) N Engt J Med, 347, pp. 709-715; French, S.A., Story, M., Jeffery, R.W., Environmental influences on eating and physical activity (2001) Annu Rev Public Health, 22, pp. 309-335; McNutt, S.W., Hu, Y., Schreiber, G.B., Crawford, P.B., Obarzanek, E., Mellin, L., A longitudinal study of the dietary practices of black and white girls 9 and 10 years old at enrollment: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (1997) J Adolesc Health, 20, pp. 27-37; Becker, D.M., Yanek, L.R., Koffman, D.M., Bronner, Y.C., Body image preferences among urban African Americans and whites from low income communities (1999) Ethn Dis, 9, pp. 377-386; Fitzgibbon, M.L., Blackmail, L.R., Avellone, M.E., The relationship between body image discrepancy and body mass index across ethnic groups (2000) Obes Res, 8, pp. 582-589; Thompson, S.H., Corwin, S.J., Sargent, R.G., Ideal body size beliefs and weight concerns of fourth-grade children (1997) Int J Eat Disord, 21, pp. 279-284; Kimm, S.Y., Obarzanek, E., Barton, B.A., Race, socioeconomic status, and obesity in 9- To 10-year-old girls: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (1996) Ann Epidemiol, 6, pp. 266-275; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and demographics (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. 497-504; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Freedman, D.S., Kettel Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The Relation of Menarcheal Age to Obesity in Childhood and Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study, , http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/3/3, accessed April 4, 2005; Freedman, D.S., Serdula, M.K., Khan, L.K., The adult health consequences of childhood obesity (2002) Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence, Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series, Pediatric Program, 49, pp. 63-82. , Chen C, Dietz WH, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24344494019&partnerID=40&md5=086b6de242f0355c4b789aeca0de89d7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality of epilepsy in developed countries: A review T2 - Epilepsia J2 - Epilepsia VL - 46 IS - SUPPL. 11 SP - 18 EP - 27 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00403.x SN - 00139580 (ISSN) AU - Forsgren, L. AU - Hauser, W.A. AU - Olafsson, E. AU - Sander, J.W.A.S. AU - Sillanpää, M. AU - Tomson, T. AD - Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden AD - Department of Neurology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - Department of Neurology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland AD - Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland AD - Department of Neurology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden AB - Mortality in people with epilepsy has been studied in many different populations. In population-based incidence cohorts of epilepsy with 7-29 years follow-up, there was up to a threefold increase in mortality, compared to the general population (standardized mortality ratios [SMR] ranged from 1.6 to 3.0). When studies include selected epilepsy populations where patients with frequent and severe seizures are more common, the mortality is even greater. Relative survivorship (RS) following the diagnosis of epilepsy was 91%, 85%, and 83% after 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. In a population with childhood-onset epilepsy, RS was 94% and 88% after 10 and 20 years. The level of increased mortality is affected by several factors. In idiopathic epilepsy where the causes of seizures are unknown, the results are conflicting. There was no significant increase in mortality in studies from Iceland, France, and Sweden, a barely increased risk in a study from the United Kingdom, and a significantly increased risk in a study from the United States. In contrast, all studies report a significant increased mortality in remote symptomatic epilepsy (standardized mortality ratios [SMRs] ranging from 2.2 to 6.5). The highest mortality is found in patients with epilepsy and neurodeficits present since birth, including mental retardation or cerebral palsy (SMRs ranging from 7 to 50). Mortality is also affected by age, with the highest SMRs in children, the combined effect of low mortality in the reference population, and high mortality in children with neurodeficits and epilepsy. The highest excess mortality is found in the elderly, ≥75 years. A pronounced increase in mortality is found during the first year following the onset of seizures due to underlying severe diseases. The increased mortality remains in different studies 2-14 years following diagnosis. Most of the factors responsible for the increased mortality are related to the underlying disorder causing epilepsy with pneumonia, cerebrovascular disease, and neoplastic disorders (risk remains elevated when primary brain tumors are excluded), as the most frequently recorded causes. The most common direct seizure-related cause of death in adolescents and young adults is sudden unexpected death, which is 24 times more common than in the general population. © 2005 International League Against Epilepsy. KW - Epidemiology KW - Epilepsy KW - Mortality KW - Prognosis KW - Seizure KW - age KW - benign childhood epilepsy KW - cancer risk KW - cerebral palsy KW - cerebrovascular disease KW - cohort analysis KW - developed country KW - disease severity KW - epilepsy KW - follow up KW - France KW - human KW - Iceland KW - idiopathic disease KW - incidence KW - mental deficiency KW - mortality KW - pneumonia KW - priority journal KW - review KW - seizure KW - standardized mortality ratio KW - sudden death KW - Sweden KW - symptomatology KW - systematic review KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - cause of death KW - child KW - comparative study KW - cultural factor KW - developed country KW - epilepsy KW - nomenclature KW - prognosis KW - risk factor KW - seizure KW - sex ratio KW - statistics KW - sudden death KW - survival KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Cause of Death KW - Child KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Death, Sudden KW - Developed Countries KW - Epilepsy KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Mortality KW - Prognosis KW - Risk Factors KW - Seizures KW - Sex Distribution KW - Survival Analysis KW - Terminology N1 - Cited By :136 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPILA C2 - 16393174 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Forsgren, L.; Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden; email: lars.forsgren@neuro.umu.se N1 - References: Hauser, W.A., Hesdorffer, D., (1990) Epilepsy: Frequency, Causes and Consequences, , New York: Demos Publications; Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 592-596. , Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis. 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(1989) Stroke, 20, pp. 577-582 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644781763&doi=10.1111%2fj.1528-1167.2005.00403.x&partnerID=40&md5=4a99d9d3321b0421e72414c90396e17c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rethinking the youth phase of the life-course: The case for Emerging Adulthood? T2 - Journal of Youth Studies J2 - J. Youth Stud. VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 367 EP - 384 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/13676260500431628 SN - 13676261 (ISSN) AU - Bynner, J. AD - Bedford Group for Life Course and Statistical Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAL, United Kingdom AB - A whole flurry of new thinking and research about young people in the USA has been stimulated by Jeffery Arnett's theory of 'Emerging Adulthood'. This argues for recognition of a new stage of the life-course between adolescence and adulthood reflecting the extension of youth transitions to independence brought about by globalization and technological change. Although the perspective aligns with developmental psychology's conception of 'stages of development', its appeal extends across the social science disciplines and policy domains. However, the rich theorizing of the same manifestations of social change in young people's experience in European Youth Studies appear to have been largely overlooked by Arnett. This paper attempts to redress this balance by drawing into the framework of Emerging Adulthood a wider set of theoretical concerns with structural factors and exclusion mechanisms to which (late) modern youth are subjected. The argument is exemplified by age-30 cohort comparisons across three British longitudinal studies starting in 1946, 1958 and 1970, demonstrating rising opportunities accompanied by increased social inequality. The paper concludes with a re-appraisal of the concept of youth as a phase of the late modern life-course in which the properties Arnett attributes to Emergent Adulthood are just one significant feature. N1 - Cited By :196 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bynner, J.; Bedford Group for Life Course and Statistical Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAL, United Kingdom; email: jb@bg.ioe.ac.uk N1 - References: Arnett, J.J., Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties (2000) American Psychologist, 55, pp. 469-480; Arnett, J.J., (2004) Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from Late Teens Through the Twenties, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Bachman, J.G., Wadsworth, K.N., O'Malley, P., Schulenberg, J., Johnstone, L.D., Marriage, divorce and parenthood during the transition to young adulthood: Drug use and abuse (1997) Health Risks and Developmental Transitions during Adulthood, , eds J. Schulenberg, J. L. Maggs & K. 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Brown, The Falmer Press, Basingstoke UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29244463364&doi=10.1080%2f13676260500431628&partnerID=40&md5=a66c62fd076b42d364e23ce4c997f65a ER - TY - JOUR TI - The importance of acknowledging clinical uncertainty in the diagnosis of epilepsy and non-epileptic events T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 90 IS - 12 SP - 1219 EP - 1222 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/adc.2004.065441 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Beach, R. AU - Reading, R. AD - Jenny Lind Children's Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom AD - Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom AB - Background: Failure to recognise diagnostic uncertainty between the epilepsies and non-epileptic events may be a factor in high rates of misdiagnosis. Aims: To explore the results of acknowledging diagnostic uncertainty in a cohort of children presenting with paroxysmal events. Methods: Children (29 days-16th birthday) with new presentations of paroxysmal disorders were ascertained through outpatients, admissions, and accident and emergency over a two year period in a district hospital with a catchment population of 500 000. Cases were classified by diagnosis at entry and 6-30 months later. A random selection of cases was independently assessed. Results: A total of 684 cases were ascertained. Attacks were initially classified as febrile seizures (n = 212), acute symptomatic epileptic seizures (n = 5), epilepsies (n = 83), unclassified (possible epilepsy) (n = 90), isolated epileptic seizures (n = 51), and non-epileptic events (n = 243). Case review enabled reclassification of 61 of those initially unclassified-31 to an epilepsy and 27 to non-epileptic events. In 29 the final diagnosis was never clarified. These were 23 cases with confusing or absent histories and six with short lived seizure clusters. Prognosis for these 29 cases was good; 75% had been discharged. None were on long term medication. The diagnosis in the 131 cases confirmed as epilepsy was stable. Independent review of a random sample showed full concordance with one neurologist and 20% uncertainty with another. Conclusion: In addition to definite epilepsy or non-epileptic events it is helpful to recognise a group of cases where the diagnosis is uncertain - unclassified paroxysmal events. Reassessment of these cases enables accurate diagnosis and may prevent a hasty and incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - cluster analysis KW - cohort analysis KW - diagnostic accuracy KW - diagnostic error KW - diagnostic procedure KW - disease classification KW - emergency medicine KW - epilepsy KW - febrile convulsion KW - hospital admission KW - hospital discharge KW - human KW - long term care KW - major clinical study KW - neurology KW - outpatient KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - seizure KW - Adolescent KW - Anticonvulsants KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Electroencephalography KW - Epilepsy KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Seizures KW - Seizures, Febrile KW - Terminology N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 16131503 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Beach, R.; Jenny Lind Children's Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom; email: richard.beach@nnuh.nhs.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Anticonvulsants N1 - References: Fowle, A.J., Binnie, C.D., Uses and abuses of the EEG in epilepsy (2000) Epilepsia, 41 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S10-S18; Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Veugelers, P.J., Death in children with epilepsy: A population-based study (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1891-1895; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 Year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-342; Cowan, L.D., Bodensteiner, J.B., Leviton, A., Prevalence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 94-106; Hauser, W.A., The prevalence and incidence of convulsive disorders in children (1994) Epilepsia, 35 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S1-S6; Gibbs, J., Appleton, R.E., False diagnosis of epilepsy in children (1992) Seizure, 1, pp. 15-18; Oto, M., Russell, A.J.C., McGonigal, A., Misdiagnosis of epilepsy in patients prescribed anticonvulsant drugs for other reasons (2003) BMJ, 326, pp. 326-327; Metrick, M.E., Ritter, F.J., Gates, J.R., Nonepileptic events in childhood (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 322-328; Jeavons, P.M., Non-epileptic attacks in childhood (1983) Research Progress in Epilepsy, pp. 224-230. , Rose FC, eds. 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Interrater agreement of the diagnosis and classification of the first seizure in childhood (2004) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 75, pp. 241-245; Stroink, H., Van Donselaar, C.A., Geerts, A.T., The accuracy of the diagnosis of paroxysmal events in children (2003) Neurology, 60, pp. 979-982; Engel, J., A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and witn epilepsy: Report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology (2001) Epilepsia, 42, pp. 796-803 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28444469422&doi=10.1136%2fadc.2004.065441&partnerID=40&md5=002f004c80a870d572c4c0bb4f012104 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining work and family life: Life satisfaction among married and divorced men and women in Estonia, Finland, and the UK T2 - European Psychologist J2 - Eur. Psychol. VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 309 EP - 319 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1027/1016-9040.10.4.309 SN - 10169040 (ISSN) AU - Schoon, I. AU - Hansson, L. AU - Salmela-Aro, K. AD - City University London, United Kingdom AD - Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallinn University, Estonia AD - University of Helsinki and Jyväskylä, Finland AD - Department of Psychology, City University, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland AD - Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallinn University, Estonia AD - City University, Department of Psychology, Northampton Square, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom AB - The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the combination of paid employment and taking care of children promotes or challenges the life satisfaction of married and divorced men and women in the UK, Estonia, and Finland. The UK sample stems from the National Child Development Study, at age 42 (N = 10280; 48% of men, 52% of women). The Estonian data come from a representative sample of 1164 participants (507 men, 657 women; mean age 42). The Finnish data stems from an ongoing longitudinal study on 1390 participants (447 men and 943 women; mean age = 41). The results showed that in all three countries women report higher levels of life satisfaction than men, couples are generally more satisfied than divorcees, and those who are employed are generally more satisfied with their lives than those who are not. Second, for men in general as well as for divorced women higher levels of life satisfaction appear to be associated with full-time work. Third, men and women pursuing a professional career are more satisfied with their lives than men and women in unskilled jobs. Finally, having a child shows no significant association with life satisfaction in any of our three countries, although there were significant interactions between gender, marital status, employment, and parenthood. Divorced women in all three countries appear to be more satisfied with their lives if they do not have children, especially after adjusting life satisfaction by occupational status. Findings are discussed with regard to role stress and role accumulation theories. © 2005 Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. KW - Employment KW - Estonia KW - Family KW - Finland KW - Great Britain KW - Life satisfaction KW - Multiple roles N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; City University, Department of Psychology, Northampton Square, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom; email: i.schoon@city.ac.uk N1 - References: Argyle, M., Causes and correlates of happiness (1999) Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, pp. 353-373. , D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. 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Schwartz (Eds.), New York: Sage; World Values Survey, 1981-1984 and 1990-1993 (1994) Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) Version, , Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744482599&doi=10.1027%2f1016-9040.10.4.309&partnerID=40&md5=fc11728e9c632e4007f25a28e93c4a18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Classification of stillbirth by relevant condition at death (ReCoDe): Population based cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 331 IS - 7525 SP - 1113 EP - 1117 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/bmj.38629.587639.7C SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Gardosi, J. AU - Kady, S.M. AU - McGeown, P. AU - Francis, A. AU - Tonks, A. AU - Ben-Tovim, D. AU - Phillips, P.A. AU - Crotty, M. AD - Perinatal Institute, Birmingham B6 5RQ, United Kingdom AD - Clinical Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia AD - Department of Medicine, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia AB - Objective: To develop and test a new classification system for stillbirths to help improve understanding of the main causes and conditions associated with fetal death. Design: Population based cohort study. Setting: West Midlands region. Subjects: 2625 stillbirths from 1997 to 2003. Main outcome measures: Categories of death according to conventional classification methods and a newly developed system (ReCoDe, relevant condition at death). Results: By the conventional Wigglesworth classification, 66.2% of the stillbirths (1738 of 2625) were unexplained. The median gestational age of the unexplained group was 237 days, significantly higher than the stillbirths in the other categories (210 days; P < 0.001). The proportion of stillbirths that were unexplained was high regardless of whether a postmortem examination had been carried out or not (67% and 65%; P = 0.3). By the ReCoDe classification, the most common condition was fetal growth restriction (43.0%), and only 15.2% of stillbirths remained unexplained. ReCoDe identified 57.7% of the Wigglesworth unexplained stillbirths as growth restricted. The size of the category for intrapartum asphyxia was reduced from 11.7% (Wigglesworth) to 3.4% (ReCoDe). Conclusion: The new ReCoDe classification system reduces the predominance of stillbirths currently categorised as unexplained. Fetal growth restriction is a common antecedent of stillbirth, but its high prevalence is hidden by current classification systems. This finding has profound implications for maternity services, and raises the question whether some hitherto "unexplained" stillbirths may be avoidable. KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - disease classification KW - female KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - fetus growth KW - gestational age KW - human KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn hypoxia KW - perinatal morbidity KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - stillbirth KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - Classification KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Pregnancy KW - Stillbirth N1 - Cited By :252 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 16236774 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gardosi, J.; Perinatal Institute, Birmingham B6 5RQ, United Kingdom; email: gardosi@perinatal.nhs.uk N1 - References: (2001) CESDI 8th Annual Report: Confidential Enquiry of Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy, , London; Wigglesworth, J.S., Monitoring perinatal mortality - A pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, SEP 27, pp. 684-687; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: Fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; Cole, S.K., Hey, E.N., Thomson, A.M., Classifying perinatal death: An obstetric approach (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1204-1212; Gardosi, J., Chang, A., Kalyan, B., Sahota, D., Symonds, E.M., Customised antenatal growth charts (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 283-287; Gardosi, J., Mongelli, M., Wilcox, M., Chang, A., An adjustable fetal weight standard (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 6, pp. 168-174; Clausson, B., Gardosi, J., Francis, A., Cnattingius, S., Perinatal outcome in SGA births defined by customised versus population based birthweight standards (2001) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 108, pp. 830-834; McCowan, L., Harding, J.E., Stewart, A.W., Customised birthweight centiles predict SGA pregnancies with perinatal morbidity (2005) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 112, pp. 1026-1033; Gardosi, J., Mul, T., Mongelli, M., Fagan, D., Analysis of birthweight and gestational age in antepartum stillbirths (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 524-530; Genest, D.R., Williams, M.A., Greene, M.F., Estimating the time of death in stillborn fetuses: Histologic evaluation of fetal organs; an autopsy study of 150 stillborns (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 80, pp. 575-584; Bound, J.P., Classification and causes of perinatal mortality (1956) BMJ, 2, pp. 1191-1196; (2005) Stillbirth, Neonatal and Post-neonatal Mortality 2000-2003, England, Wiles and Northern Ireland, , London: RCOG Press; Chiswick, M.L., Commentary on current World Health Organisation definitions used in perinatal statistics (1986) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp, 86, pp. 1236-1238; Scottish programme for clinical effectiveness in reproductive health (2000) Scottish Stillbirth and Infant Death Report 1999, , Edinburgh: NHS Scotland, Information and Statistics Division; Alessandri, L., Stanley, F.J., Garner, J.B., Newnham, J., Walters, B.N., A case control study of unexplained antepartum stillbirths (1992) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 99, pp. 711-718; McIlwaine, G.M., Howat, R.C.L., Dunn, F., Macnaughton, M.C., The Scottish perinatal mortality survey (1979) BMJ, 2, pp. 1103-1106; Williams, R.L., Creasy, R.K., Cunningham, G.C., Hawes, W.E., Norris, F.D., Tashiro, M., Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California (1982) Obstet Gynecol, 59, pp. 624-632; Whitfield, C.R., Smith, N.C., Cockburn, F., Gibson, A.M., Perinatally related wastage - A proposed classification of primary obstetric factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 694-703; Huang, D.Y., Usher, R.H., Kramer, M.S., Yang, H., Morin, L., Fretts, R.C., Determinants of unexplained antepartum fetal deaths (2000) Obstet Gynecol, 95, pp. 215-221; MacLennan, A., A template for defining a causal relation between acute intrapartum events and cerebral palsy: International consensus statement (1999) BMJ, 16, pp. 1054-1059; Hepburn, M., Rosenberg, K., An audit of the detection and management of small-for-gestational age babies (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 212-216 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744541421&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38629.587639.7C&partnerID=40&md5=41df50dce48da885e933b17bcbd4cc13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relationship between childbearing and transitions from marriage and cohabitation in Britain T2 - Demography J2 - Demography VL - 42 IS - 4 SP - 647 EP - 673 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1353/dem.2005.0038 SN - 00703370 (ISSN) AU - Steele, F. AU - Kallis, C. AU - Goldstein, H. AU - Joshi, H. AD - University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - In this article, we describe a general framework for the analysis of correlated event histories, with an application to a study of partnership transitions and fertility among a cohort of British women. Using a multilevel, multistate competing-risks model, we examine the relationship between prior fertility outcomes (the presence and characteristics of children and current pregnancy) and the dissolution of marital and cohabiting unions and movements from cohabitation to marriage. Using a simultaneous-equations model, we model these partnership transitions jointly with fertility, allowing for correlation between the unobserved woman-level characteristics that affect each process. The analysis is based on the partnership and birth histories that were collected for the 1958 birth cohort (National Child Development Study) aged 16-42. The findings indicate that preschool children have a stabilizing effect on their parents' partnership, whether married or cohabiting, but the effect is weaker for older children. There is also evidence that although pregnancy precipitates marriage among cohabitors, the odds of marriage decline to prepregnancy levels following a birth. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth rate KW - child KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - demography KW - divorce KW - education KW - female KW - fertility KW - human KW - marriage KW - parity KW - pregnancy KW - proportional hazards model KW - psychological aspect KW - social class KW - spouse KW - statistics KW - time KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Rate KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Divorce KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Marital Status KW - Marriage KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Social Mobility KW - Spouses KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :59 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 16463915 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Steele, F.; Centre for Multilevel Modelling, Graduate School of Education, University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, United Kingdom; email: Fiona.Steele@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Aassve, A., Burgess, S., Propper, C., Dickson, M., "Employment, Family Union, and Child-bearing Decisions in Great Britain" (2004), Working paper. Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Essex, Essex, England; Aassve, A., Burgess, S., Propper, C., Dickson, M., "Change and Continuity in Family Formation Among Young Adults in Britain" (2003), S3RI Applications and Policy Working Paper A03/04. Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, England; Berrington, A., Diamond, I., "Marital Dissolution Among the 1958 British Birth Cohort: The Role of Cohabitation" (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 19-38; Blossfeld, H.-P., Manting, D., Rohwer, G., "Patterns of Change in Family Formation in the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands: Some Consequences for Solidarity Between Generations" (1993) Solidarity of Generations. Demographic, Economic and Social Change, and Its Consequences, pp. 175-196. , edited by H.A. Becker and P.L.J. Hermkens. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers; Böheim, R., Ermisch, J., "Partnership Dissolution in the UK - The Role of Economic Circumstances" (2001) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 63, pp. 197-208; Brien, M.J., Lillard, L.A., Waite, L.J., "Interrelated Family-Building Behaviors: Cohabitation, Marriage, and Nonmarital Conception" (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 535-551; Browne, W.J., (2003) MCMC Estimation in MLwiN, , London: Institute of Education; Di Salvo, P., (1995) NCDS5 Partnership Histories, , Data Note 2. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Di Salvo, P., (1995) NCDS5 Child Histories: Reconciling Self-Completion and Interview Data, , Data Note 10. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Dodgeon, B., (2002) Pregnancy Histories in the Combined NCDS/BCS70 1999/2000 Data, , CLS Cohort Studies Data Note 2. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., "Cohabitation in Great Britain: Not for Long, but Here to Stay" (2000) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 163, pp. 153-172. , Series A; Ermisch, J., Pevalin, D., "Does a Teen Birth Have Longer-Term Impact on the Mother? Evidence From the 1970 British Cohort Study" (2003), Working Paper No. 2003-28. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, England; Ferri, E., Smith, K., "Step-parenting in the 1990s" (1998), Research report. Joseph Rowntree Foundation/Family Policy Studies Centre, York, England; Goldstein, H., (2003) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 3rd ed. London: Arnold; Goldstein, H., Pan, H., Bynner, J., "A Flexible Procedure for Analysing Longitudinal Event Histories Using a Multilevel Model" (2004) Understanding Statistics, 3, pp. 85-99; Hawkes, D., Plewis, I., "Modelling Non-response in the National Child Development Study" (2004), Paper presented at the conference on Statistical Methods for Attrition and Non-response in Social Surveys, Royal Statistical Society, London, May 28; Joshi, H., Cooksey, E.C., Wiggins, R.D., McCulloch, A., Verropoulou, G., Clarke, L., "Diverse Family Living Situations and Child Development: A Multi-level Analysis Comparing Longitudinal Evidence from Britain and the United States" (1999) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 13, pp. 292-314; Kallis, K., (2005) NCDS5 and NCDS6 Partnership Histories, , Data Note. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Kiernan, K., "The Rise of Cohabitation and Childbearing Outside Marriage in Western Europe" (2001) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 15, pp. 1-21; Kiernan, K.E., Cherlin, A.J., "Parental Divorce and Partnership Dissolution in Adulthood: Evidence From a British Cohort Study" (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 39-48; Koo, H.P., Janowitz, B.K., "Interrelationships Between Fertility and Marital Dissolution: Results of a Simultaneous Logit Model" (1983) Demography, 20, pp. 129-145; Lillard, L., "Simultaneous Equations for Hazards: Marriage Duration and Fertility Timing" (1993) Journal of Econometrics, 56, pp. 189-217; Lillard, L.A., Brien, M.J., Waite, L.J., "Premarital Cohabitation and Subsequent Marital Dissolution: A Matter of Self-Selection?" (1995) Demography, 22, pp. 437-457; Lillard, L., Waite, L., "A Joint Model of Marital Childbearing and Marital Disruption" (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 653-681; Loomis, L.S., Landale, N.S., "Nonmarital Cohabitation and Childbearing Among Black and White American Women" (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 949-962; Manning, W.D., Smock, P.J., "Why Marry? Race and the Transition to Marriage Among Cohabitors" (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 509-520; Murphy, M., "Demographic and Socio-economic Influences on Recent British Marital Breakdown Patterns" (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 441-460; Murphy, M., "The Evolution of Cohabitation in Britain, 1960-95" (2000) Population Studies, 54, pp. 43-56; (2004) Review of the Registrar General on Births and Patterns of Family Building in England and Wales, 2002, , Office for National Statistics. Report, Series FM1 No.31. 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(1990) Population Development Review, 16, pp. 703-726; Shepherd, P., (1997) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Steele, F., Diamond, I., Amin, S., "Immunization Uptake in Rural Bangladesh: A Multilevel Analysis" (1996) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 159, pp. 289-299. , Series A; Steele, F., Diamond, I., Wang, D., "The Determinants of the Duration of Contraceptive Use in China: A Multilevel Multinomial Discrete Hazards Modelling Approach" (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 12-33; Steele, F., Goldstein, H., Browne, W., "A General Multistate Competing Risks Model for Event History Data, With an Application to the Study of Contraceptive Use Dynamics" (2004) Statistical Modelling, 4, pp. 145-159; Steele, F., Joshi, H., Kallis, C., Goldstein, H., "Changes in the Relationship Between the Outcomes of Cohabiting Partnerships and Fertility Among Young British Women: Evidence From the 1958 and 1970 Birth Cohort Studies" (2005), Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Philadelphia, March 31-April 2; Steele, F., Kallis, C., Joshi, H., "The Formation and Outcomes of Cohabiting and Marital Partnerships in Early Adulthood: The Role of Previous Partnership Experience" (2005), Working paper. University of Bristol; Upchurch, D.M., Lillard, L.A., Panis, C.W.A., "Nonmarital Childbearing: Influences of Education, Marriage, and Fertility" (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 311-329; Waite, L.J., Lillard, L.A., "Children and Marital Disruption" (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 930-953; Wu, Z., "The Stability of Cohabitation Relationships: The Role of Children" (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 231-236; Wu, Z., Balakrishnan, T.R., "Dissolution of Premarital Cohabitation in Canada" (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 521-532 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646542368&doi=10.1353%2fdem.2005.0038&partnerID=40&md5=1da3e0cddbb09813c15bc8703c827776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The disappearing link between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital stability, 1970-2001 T2 - Journal of Population Research J2 - J. Popul. Res. VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 99 EP - 118 PY - 2005 SN - 14432447 (ISSN) AU - de Vaus, D. AU - Qu, L. AU - Weston, R. AD - Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia AD - La Trobe University, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia AD - Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australia AB - Previous research has demonstrated that marriages preceded by premarital cohabitation have higher rates of dissolution than those in which the couple marry without first living together. Most of this research relies on data generated by couples who cohabited in the 1970s and early 1980s when premarital cohabitation was relatively uncommon and usually of brief duration. Since then, premarital cohabitation in Australia has become normative and thus less prone to selection effects. The period of premarital cohabitation has also lengthened and is thus more likely to provide opportunities to screen out unviable matches. This paper uses national survey data from Australia to explore whether, in the light of these changes, the previously observed higher level of marital dissolution among those who live together before marrying has persisted. It demonstrates that the higher risk of marital dissolution among those who cohabited before marriage has declined substantially in the 1990s marriage cohort and, after controlling for selection factors, has disappeared altogether. KW - Consensual union KW - Dissolution of marriage KW - Marital stability KW - Premarital cohabitation KW - Separation KW - Social change KW - Types of marriage KW - cohabitation KW - marriage KW - social change KW - Australasia KW - Australia N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: de Vaus, D.; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; email: D.devaus@latrobe.edu.au N1 - References: (2002) Marriages and Divorces, Australia, 2001, , Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Catalogue No. 3310.0. Canberra; Axinn, W.G., Thornton, A., The relationship between cohabitation and divorce; selectivity or causal influence? 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(1995) Demography, 32 (3), pp. 437-457; Parker, R., Why marriages last: A discussion of the literature (2002), Research Paper No. 28. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies; Schoen, R., First unions and the stability of first marriages (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54 (2), pp. 281-284; Smock, P., Gupta, S., Cohabitation in contemporary North America (2002) Just Living Together: Implications of Cohabitation on Families, Children and Social Policy, pp. 53-84. , in A. Booth and A.C. Crouter (eds), Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum; Teachman, J., Premarital sex, premarital cohabitation, and the risk of subsequent marital dissoution among women (2003) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 65 (2), pp. 444-455; Teachman, J.D., Polonko, K.A., Cohabitation and marital stability in the United States (1990) Social Forces, 69 (1), pp. 207-220; Thornton, A., Axinn, W., Hill, D., Reciprocal effects of religiosity, cohabitation, and marriage (1992) American Journal of Sociology, 98 (3), pp. 628-651; Watson, N., Wooden, M., (2002) The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey: Wave 1 Survey Methodology, , HILDA Project Technical Paper Series No. 1/02, May 2002 (revised October 2002); Wooden, M., Watson, N., (2001) The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey: An Introduction to the Proposed Survey Design and Plan, , HILDA Project Discussion Paper Series No. 1/00, December 2000 (revised February 2001) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846675222&partnerID=40&md5=aed8d9045fd606e8f8fd3650893a340a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic epidemiology and public health: Hope, hype, and future prospects T2 - Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 366 IS - 9495 SP - 1484 EP - 1498 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67601-5 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Smith, G.D. AU - Ebrahim, S. AU - Lewis, S. AU - Hansell, A.L. AU - Palmer, L.J. AU - Burton, P.R. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom AD - Laboratory for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia AD - Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom AB - Genetic epidemiology is a rapidly expanding research field, but the implications of findings from such studies for individual or population health are unclear. The use of molecular genetic screening currently has some legitimacy in certain monogenic conditions, but no established value with respect to common complex diseases. Personalised medical care based on molecular genetic testing is also as yet undeveloped for common diseases. Genetic epidemiology can contribute to establishing the causal nature of environmentally modifiable risk factors, throught the application of mendelian randomisation approaches and thus contribute to appropriate preventive strategies. Technological and other advances will allow the potential of genetic epidemiology to be revealed over the next few years, and the establishment of large population-based resources for such studies (biobanks) should contribute to this endeavour. KW - alpha tocopherol KW - anesthetic agent KW - ascorbic acid KW - azathioprine KW - beta carotene KW - folic acid KW - hormone KW - hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor KW - imatinib KW - mercaptopurine KW - muscle relaxant agent KW - article KW - autosomal dominant disorder KW - cohort analysis KW - cost effectiveness analysis KW - diagnostic accuracy KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - drug cost KW - employment KW - environmental factor KW - gene expression profiling KW - gene mutation KW - genetic epidemiology KW - genetic screening KW - genetic susceptibility KW - genetic variability KW - hemochromatosis KW - heterozygote KW - human KW - malignant hyperthermia KW - medical care KW - monogenic disorder KW - pharmacogenetics KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - risk factor KW - side effect KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Genetic Screening KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Molecular Biology KW - Public Health KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :204 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 16243094 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Smith, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: zetkin@bristol.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alpha tocopherol, 1406-18-4, 1406-70-8, 52225-20-4, 58-95-7, 59-02-9; ascorbic acid, 134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7; azathioprine, 446-86-6; beta carotene, 7235-40-7; folic acid, 59-30-3, 6484-89-5; imatinib, 152459-95-5, 220127-57-1; mercaptopurine, 31441-78-8, 50-44-2, 6112-76-1; muscle relaxant agent, 9008-44-0 N1 - References: Bell, J., Predicting disease using genomics (2004) Nat Rev, 429, pp. 453-456; Johnson, J.A., Pharmacogenetics: Potential for individualized drug therapy through genetics (2003) Trends Genet, 19, pp. 660-666; Haga, S.B., Burke, W., Using pharmocogenetics to improve drug safety and efficacy (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 2869-2871; Evans, W.E., Relling, M.V., Moving towards individualized medicine with pharmacogenomics (2004) Nature, 429, pp. 464-468; Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., 'Mendelian randomization': Can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? 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Greenland Second Edition Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia; Burton, P.R., Hansell, A., UK Biobank: The expected distribution of incident and prevalent cases of chronic disease and the statistical power of nested casecontrol studies (2005) UK Biobank Technical Reports, , Manchester, UK:; National Child Development Study, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/studies.asp?section=000100020003, Centre for Longitudinal Studies; Clarke, R., Breeze, E., Sherliker, P., Design, objectives, and lessons from a pilot 25 year follow up re-survey of survivors in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 364-369; Collins, F.S., The case for a US prospective cohort study of genes and environment (2004) Nature, 429, pp. 475-477; Roses, A.D., Pharmacogenetics (2001) Hum Mol Genet, 10, pp. 2261-2267; Gormally, E., Hainaut, P., Caboux, E., Amount of DNA in plasma and cancer risk: A prospective study (2004) Int J Cancer, 111, pp. 746-749; Khoury, M.J., Millikan, R., Little, J., Gwinn, M., The emergence of epidemiology in the genomics age (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 936-944; Burke, W., Genomics as a probe for disease biology (2003) N Engl J Med, 349, pp. 969-974; Khoury, M.J., McCabe, L.L., McCabe, E.R., Population screening in the age of genomic medicine (2003) N Engl J Med, 348, pp. 50-58; Merikangas, K.R., Risch, N., Genomic priorities and public health (2003) Science, 302, pp. 599-601; Shostak, S., Locating gene-environment interaction: At the intersections of genetics and public health (2003) Soc Sci Med, 56, pp. 2327-2342; Israel, E., Chinchilli, V.M., Ford, J.G., Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: Genotype-stratified, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 1505-1512; Rosenberg, R.N., Translating biomedical research to the bedside (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 1305-1306; Khoury, M.J., Millikan, R., Little, J., Gwinn, M., The emergence of epidemiology in the genomics age (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 936-944; Risch, N., Merikangas, K., The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases (1996) Science, 273, pp. 1516-1517 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26944437969&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2805%2967601-5&partnerID=40&md5=1c088e2a07852df8a05f21879cd8dd2f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical activity, television viewing and body mass index: A cross-sectional analysis from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British cohort T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1212 EP - 1221 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802932 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, POB 12272, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between frequency of physical activity or television viewing and body mass index (BMI) cross-sectionally at six ages from childhood to adulthood, to better understand longitudinal relationships. To investigate how the relationships vary with age and gender and whether any relationships are due to confounding factors. METHODS: The 1958 British birth cohort includes all births (approximately 17 000) in one week in March 1958. BMI and physical activity frequency were recorded at 11, 16, 23, 33 and 42y and television viewing frequency at 11, 16 and 23y. A total of 11 109 subjects provided BMI and activity data at 42y. Relationships between BMI and (in)activity were investigated using linear regression. RESULTS: At ages 11, 33 and 42y in both sexes and at 23y in female subjects, those who were more active had lower BMIs, and the relationships strengthened with age. At 42y, the most active had a lower mean BMI than the least active, by 0.83 kg/m 2 in men, and 1.03 kg/m 2 in women. BMI and activity were unrelated at 16y in female subjects, and 23y in male subjects. At 16y in males, the most active males had a mean BMI 0.25 kg/m 2 higher than the least active. At 11y in female subjects and 23y in both sexes, those who watched television most frequently had higher BMIs. BMI and television viewing were unrelated at 11y in males and at 16y in both sexes. Relationships between BMI and activity or television viewing were largely unexplained by potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between BMI and physical activity changes with age. In early adolescence and in adulthood, a higher activity level, or lower frequency of television viewing was associated with a lower BMI. In later adolescence (16y), television viewing and activity were unrelated to BMI, except for an unexpected BMI-activity relationship in males. We suspect this relationship in males is primarily due to selection effects, whereby physically bigger boys, with a larger BMI, are more likely to take part in exercise activity, and possibly also to BMI being a less accurate predictor of fatness in adolescent boys. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Adulthood KW - Childhood KW - Cohort studies KW - Physical activity KW - Television KW - adolescent health KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - article KW - body mass KW - body size KW - child health KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - linear regression analysis KW - male KW - physical activity KW - priority journal KW - sample size KW - sex difference KW - sex ratio KW - sitting KW - television KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Television N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15917865 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parsons, T.J.; Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom; email: t.parsons@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Fogelholm, M., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., Does physical activity prevent weight gain-a systematic review (2000) Obes Rev, 1, pp. 95-111; Andersen, R.E., Crespo, C.J., Bartlett, S.J., Cheskin, L.J., Pratt, M., Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998) JAMA, 279, pp. 938-942; Kronenberg, F., Pereira, M.A., Schmitz, M.K., Arnett, D.K., Evenson, K.R., Crapo, R.O., Jensen, R.E., Hunt, S.C., Influence of leisure time physical activity and television watching on atherosclerosis risk factors in the NHLBI Family Heart Study (2000) Atherosclerosis, 153, pp. 433-443; Goran, M.I., Shewchuk, R., Gower, B.A., Nagy, T.R., Carpenter, W.H., Johnson, R.K., Longitudinal changes in fatness in white children: No effect of childhood energy expenditure (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 309-316; (1999) Health Survey for England: Cardiovascular Disease '98, , http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/survey98/hse98. htm, The Stationary Office, London; Anderssen, N., Jacobs, D.R., Sidney, S., Bild, D.E., Sternfeld, B., Slattery, M.L., Hannan, P., Change and secular trends in physical activity patterns in young adults: A seven-year longitudinal follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 351-362; Raitakari, O.T., Porkka, K.V., Taimela, S., Telama, R., Rasanen, E., Viikari, J.S., Effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults. 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Res. VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 801 EP - 808 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/14622200500262840 SN - 14622203 (ISSN) AU - Roberts, K.H. AU - Munafò, M.R. AU - Rodriguez, D. AU - Drury, M. AU - Murphy, M.F.G. AU - Neale, R.E. AU - Nettle, D. AD - Cancer Research UK, General Practice Research Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom AD - Tobacco Use Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Childhood Cancer Research Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Population Studies and Human Genetics, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - Division of Psychology, Brain and Behavior, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom AB - We explored the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the likelihood of smoking among offspring in adolescence and adulthood using data from two similar British birth cohort surveys, the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Survey. Similar information was available in each cohort on maternal age at delivery, offspring sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental and offspring socioeconomic status, and parental smoking at the time offspring smoking was assessed at age 16 years. Offspring smoking at 16 years and at 30/33 years were the primary outcomes of interest. Our data support an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and an increased risk of offspring smoking later in life among female offspring but not among male offspring. Female offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to smoke at 16 years than were their male counterparts. Moreover, in this same subgroup, female offspring smoking at 16 years was associated with an increased likelihood of smoking at 30/33 years. Further investigation in larger studies with greater detail of factors shaping smoking in childhood and adulthood and biochemically verified outcome measures would be desirable to clarify the relationship. © 2005 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. KW - nicotine KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child development KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - delivery KW - female KW - gender KW - health behavior KW - health survey KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - maternal age KW - maternal behavior KW - outcomes research KW - parental behavior KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - social status KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Ganglionic Stimulants KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Nicotine KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NTREF C2 - 16191751 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Munafò, M.R.; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom; email: marcus.munafo@bris.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: nicotine, 54-11-5; Ganglionic Stimulants; Nicotine, 54-11-5 N1 - References: Abreu-Villaça, Y., Seidler, F.J., Slotkin, T.A., Does prenatal nicotine exposure sensitize the brain to nicotine-induced neurotoxicity in adolescence? (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, pp. 1440-1450; Abreu-Villaça, Y., Seidler, F.J., Tate, C.A., Cousins, M.M., Slotkin, T.A., Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the response to nicotine administration in adolescence: Effects on cholinergic systems during exposure and withdrawal (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, pp. 879-890; Bell, G.L., Lau, K., Perinatal and neonatal issues of substance abuse (1995) Pediatric Clinics of North America, 42, pp. 261-281; Brook, J.S., Brook, D.W., Whiteman, M., The influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the toddler's negativity (2000) Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, pp. 381-385; Buka, S.L., Shenassa, E.D., Niaura, R., Elevated risk of tobacco dependence among offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy: A 30-year prospective study (2003) American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, pp. 1978-1984; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-574; Cnattingius, S., Lindmark, G., Meirik, O., Who continues to smoke while pregnant? 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(2000) Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2, pp. 45-52; Day, N.L., Richardson, G., Goldschmidt, L., Cornelius, M., Effects of prenatal tobacco exposure on preschoolers' behaviour (2000) Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 21, pp. 180-188; DiFranza, J.R., Lew, R.A., Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden death syndrome (1995) Journal of Family Practice, 40, pp. 385-394; Dunn, H.G., McBurney, A.K., Cigarette smoking and the fetus and child (1977) Pediatrics, 60, p. 772; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., Maternal smoking before and after pregnancy: Effects on behavioural outcomes in middle childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 815-822; Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Horwood, L.J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 721-727; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Differential effects of cognitive functioning in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (1988) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 20, pp. 293-306; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Siegel, L.S., Reading and language in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (1997) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 19, pp. 171-183; Griesler, P.C., Kandel, D.B., Davies, M., Maternal smoking in pregnancy, child behaviour problems, and adolescent smoking (1988) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, pp. 159-185; Heath, A.C., Martin, N.G., Lynskey, M.T., Todorov, A.A., Madden, P.A., Two-stage models for genetic influences on alcohol, tobacco or drug use initiation and dependence vulnerability in twin and family data (2002) Twin Research, 5, pp. 113-124; Kandel, D.B., Udry, R.J., Prenatal effects of maternal smoking on daughters' smoking: Nicotine or testosterone exposure? 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London: HMSO; Osler, M., Clausen, J., Ibsen, K.K., Jensen, G., Maternal smoking during childhood and increased risk of smoking in young adulthood (1995) International Journal of Epidemiology, 24, pp. 710-714; (2000) Infant Feeding Survey, , U.K. Department of Health London: HMSO; Statistics on smoking: England, 1976 to 1996 (2003) Statistical Bulletin, 25, pp. 1-43. , U.K. Department of Health; Wald, N., Nicolaides-Bouman, A., (1991) UK Smoking Statistics, , (2nd ed.). Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28244480733&doi=10.1080%2f14622200500262840&partnerID=40&md5=0d18582abf4f83ae4c65d992dfd4ddc9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: A longitudinal cohort study T2 - Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases J2 - Ann. Rheum. Dis. VL - 64 IS - 10 SP - 1451 EP - 1455 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/ard.2004.033761 SN - 00034967 (ISSN) AU - Hakoda, M. AU - Oiwa, H. AU - Kasagi, F. AU - Masunari, N. AU - Yamada, M. AU - Suzuki, G. AU - Fujiwara, S. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Japan AD - Department of Respiratory Diseases, National Hiroshima Hospital, 513 Jike, Hiroshima 739-0041, Japan AB - Objective: To determine the mortality risk of Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis, taking into account lifestyle and physical factors, including comorbidity. Methods: 91 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis were identified during screening a cohort of 16 119 Japanese atomic bomb survivors in the period 1958 to 1966. These individuals and the remainder of the cohort were followed for mortality until 1999. Mortality risk of the rheumatoid patients was estimated by the Cox proportional hazards model. In addition to age and sex, lifestyle and physical factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, and comorbidity were included as adjustment factors for the analysis of total mortality and for analysis of mortality from each cause of death. Results: 83 of the rheumatoid patients (91.2%) and 8527 of the non-rheumatoid controls (52.9%) died during mean follow up periods of 17.8 and 28.0 years, respectively. The age and sex adjusted hazard ratio for mortality in the rheumatoid patients was 1.60 (95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.99), p<0.001. Multiple adjustments, including for lifestyle and physical factors, resulted in a similar mortality hazard ratio of 1.57 (1.25 to 1.94), p<0.001. Although mortality risk tended to be higher in male than in female rheumatoid patients, the difference was not significant. Pneumonia, tuberculosis, and liver disease were significantly increased as causes of death in rheumatoid patients. Conclusions: Rheumatoid arthritis is an independent risk factor for mortality. Infectious events are associated with increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. KW - adult KW - article KW - atomic bomb survivor KW - cause of death KW - cohort analysis KW - comorbidity KW - confidence interval KW - female KW - follow up KW - hazard assessment KW - human KW - Japan KW - lifestyle KW - liver disease KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - mortality KW - pneumonia KW - priority journal KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - risk factor KW - tuberculosis KW - epidemiology KW - Japan KW - middle aged KW - mortality KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - Adult KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid KW - Cause of Death KW - Comorbidity KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Middle Aged N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ARDIA C2 - 15878908 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hakoda, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: hakoda@rerf.or.jp N1 - References: Cobb, S., Anderson, F., Bauer, W., Length of life and cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (1953) N Engl J Med, 249, pp. 553-556; Duthie, J.J., Brown, P.E., Truelove, L.H., Baragar, F.D., Lawrie, A.J., Course and prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis. A further report (1964) Ann Rheum Dis, 23, pp. 193-204; Uddin, J., Kraus, A.S., Kelly, H.G., Survivorship and death in rheumatoid arthritis (1970) Arthritis Rheum, 13, pp. 125-130; Isomaki, H.A., Mutru, O., Koota, K., Death rate and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1975) Scand J Rheumatol, 4, pp. 205-208; Monson, R.R., Hall, A.P., Mortality among arthritics (1976) J Chronic Dis, 29, pp. 459-467; Lewis, P., Hazleman, B.L., Hanka, R., Roberts, S., Cause of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with particular reference to azathioprine (1980) Ann Rheum Dis, 39, pp. 457-461; Allebeck, P., Ahlbom, A., Allander, E., Increased mortality among persons with rheumatoid arthritis, but where RA does not appear on death certificate. Eleven-year follow-up of an epidemiological study (1981) Scand J Rheumatol, 10, pp. 301-306; Allebeck, P., Increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (1982) Scand J Rheumatol, 11, pp. 81-86; Prior, P., Symmons, D.P., Scott, D.L., Brown, R., Hawkins, C.F., Cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (1984) Br J Rheumatol, 23, pp. 92-99; Pincus, T., Callahan, L.F., Sale, W.G., Brooks, A.L., Payne, L.E., Vaughn, W.K., Severe functional declines, work disability, and increased mortality in seventy-five rheumatoid arthritis patients studied over nine years (1984) Arthritis Rheum, 27, pp. 864-872; Mutru, O., Laakso, M., Isomaki, H., Koota, K., Ten year mortality and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1985) BMJ (Clin Res), 290, pp. 1797-1799; Mitchell, D.M., Spitz, P.W., Young, D.Y., Bloch, D.A., McShane, D.J., Fries, J.F., Survival, prognosis, and causes of death in rheumatoid arthritis (1986) Arthritis Rheum, 29, pp. 706-714; Reilly, P.A., Cosh, J.A., Maddison, P.J., Rasker, J.J., Silman, A.J., Mortality and survival in rheumatoid arthritis: A 25 year prospective study of 100 patients (1990) Ann Rheum Dis, 49, pp. 363-369; Jacobsson, L.T., Knowler, W.C., Pillemer, S., Hanson, R.L., Pettitt, D.J., Nelson, R.G., Rheumatoid arthritis and mortality. A longitudinal study in Pima Indians (1993) Arthritis Rheum, 36, pp. 1045-1053; Wolfe, F., Mitchell, D.M., Sibley, J.T., Fries, J.F., Bloch, D.A., Williams, C.A., The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis (1994) Arthritis Rheum, 37, pp. 481-494; Wallberg-Jonsson, S., Ohman, M.L., Dahlqvist, S.R., Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden (1997) J Rheumatol, 24, pp. 445-451; Symmons, D.P., Jones, M.A., Scott, D.L., Prior, P., Longterm mortality outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Early presenters continue to do well (1998) J Rheumatol, 25, pp. 1072-1077; Lindqvist, E., Eberhardt, K., Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease onset in the 1980s (1999) Ann Rheum Dis, 58, pp. 11-14; Sokka, T., Mottonen, T., Hannonen, P., Mortality in early "sawtooth" treated rheumatoid arthritis patients during the first 8-14 years (1999) Scand J Rheumatol, 28, pp. 282-287; Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: Have we made an impact in 4 decades? (1999) J Rheumatol, 26, pp. 2529-2533; Kvalvik, A.G., Jones, M.A., Symmons, D.P., Mortality in a cohort of Norwegian patients with rheumatoid arthritis followed from 1977 to 1992 (2000) Scand J Rheumatol, 29, pp. 29-37; Kroot, E.J., Van Leeuwen, M.A., Van Rijswijk, M.H., Prevoo, M.L., Van't Hof, M.A., Van De Putte, L.B., No increased mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Up to 10 years of follow up from disease onset (2000) Ann Rheum Dis, 59, pp. 954-958; Goodson, N.J., Wiles, N.J., Lunt, M., Barrett, E.M., Silman, A.J., Symmons, D.P., Mortality in early inflammatory polyarthritis: Cardiovascular mortality is increased in seropositive patients (2002) Arthritis Rheum, 46, pp. 2010-2019; Peltomaa, R., Paimela, L., Kautiainen, H., Leirisalo-Repo, M., Mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated actively from the time of diagnosis (2002) Ann Rheum Dis, 61, pp. 889-894; Mikuls, T.R., Saag, K.G., Criswell, L.A., Merlino, L.A., Kaslow, R.A., Shelton, B.J., Mortality risk associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a prospective cohort of older women: Results from the Iowa Women's Health Study (2002) Ann Rheum Dis, 61, pp. 994-999; Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., Kremers, H.M., Doran, M.F., Turesson, C., O'Fallon, W.M., Survival in rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based analysis of trends over 40 years (2003) Arthritis Rheum, 48, pp. 54-58; Thomas, E., Symmons, D.P., Brewster, D.H., Black, R.J., Macfarlane, G.J., National study of cause-specific mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, and other rheumatic conditions: A 20 year followup study (2003) J Rheumatol, 30, pp. 958-965; Watson, D.J., Rhodes, T., Guess, H.A., All-cause mortality and vascular events among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or no arthritis in the UK General Practice Research Database (2003) J Rheumatol, 30, pp. 1196-1202; Minaur, N.J., Jacoby, R.K., Cosh, J.A., Taylor, G., Rasker, J.J., Outcome after 40 years with rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective study of function, disease activity, and mortality (2004) J Rheumatol Suppl, 69, pp. 3-8; Navarro-Cano, G., Del Rincon, I., Pogosian, S., Roldan, J.F., Escalante, A., Association of mortality with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis, independent of comorbidity (2003) Arthritis Rheum, 48, pp. 2425-2433; Beebe, G.W., Fujiwara, H., Yamasaki, M., Adult Health Study reference papers, A: Selection of the sample; B: Characteristics of the sample (1960) ABCC Technical Report 10-60, , Hiroshima: Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission; Kiellgren, J.H., Diagnostic criteria for population studies (1962) Bull Rheum Dis, 13, pp. 291-292; Wood, J.W., Kato, H., Johnson, K.G., Uda, Y., Russell, W.J., Duff, I.F., Rheumatoid arthritis in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics (1967) Arthritis Rheum, 10, pp. 21-31; Kato, H., Duff, I.F., Russell, W.J., Uda, Y., Hamilton, H.B., Kawamoto, S., Rheumatoid arthritis and gout in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. A prevalence and incidence study (1971) J Chronic Dis, 23, pp. 659-679; Roesch, W.C., (1987) Final Report on US-Japan Joint Reassessment of Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , Hiroshima: Radiation Effects Research Foundation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744442716&doi=10.1136%2fard.2004.033761&partnerID=40&md5=7fc901e84096c620274ce20802aa8256 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index T2 - Journal of Pediatrics J2 - J. Pediatr. VL - 147 IS - 4 SP - 429 EP - 435 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.05.005 SN - 00223476 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To examine the effects of duration, timing and type of television (TV) viewing at age 5 years on body mass index (BMI) in adult life. Study design and methods: 1970 British Birth Cohort, followed up at 5 (N = 13,135), 10 (N = 14,875), and 30 years (N = 11,261). Outcome measures: Weekday and weekend TV viewing at 5 years, type of programs, and maternal attitudes toward TV at age 5 years. BMI z-score at 10 and 30 years. Results: Mean daily hours of TV viewed at weekends predicted higher BMI z-score at 30 years (coefficient = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, P = .01) when adjusted for TV viewing and activity level at 10 years, sex, socioeconomic status, parental BMIs, and birth weight. Each additional hour of TV watched on weekends at 5 years increased risk of adult obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) by 7% (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13, P = .02). Weekday viewing, type of program and maternal attitudes to TV at 5 years were not independently associated with adult BMI z-score. Conclusions: Weekend TV viewing in early childhood continues to influence BMI in adulthood. Interventions to influence obesity by reducing sedentary behaviors40 must begin in early childhood. Interventions focusing on weekend TV viewing may be particularly effective. Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - follow up KW - human KW - maternal behavior KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - scoring system KW - sitting KW - social status KW - statistical analysis KW - television KW - Adult KW - Attitude KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child Rearing KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Social Class KW - Sports KW - Television KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :132 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOPDA C2 - 16227025 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: Health Foundation, Health Foundation N1 - Funding details: Mental Health Research UK, Mental Health Research UK N1 - Funding text: Russell Viner is part funded by a Fellowship from the Health Foundation, UK. N1 - References: Bassett, M.T., Perl, S., Obesity: The public health challenge of our time (2004) Am J Public Health, 94, p. 1477; Coon, K.A., Tucker, K.L., Television and children's consumption patterns. a review of the literature (2002) Minerva Pediatr, 54, pp. 423-436; Giammattei, J., Blix, G., Marshak, H.H., Wollitzer, A.O., Pettitt, D.J., Television watching and soft drink consumption: Associations with obesity in 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157, pp. 882-886; Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L.S., Popkin, B.M., Ethnic differences in physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight status (2002) Obes Res, 10, pp. 141-149; Crespo, C.J., Smit, E., Troiano, R.P., Bartlett, S.J., MacEra, C.A., Andersen, R.E., Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (2001) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155, pp. 360-365; Andersen, R.E., Crespo, C.J., Bartlett, S.J., Cheskin, L.J., Pratt, M., Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998) JAMA, 279, pp. 938-942; Dennison, B.A., Erb, T.A., Jenkins, P.L., Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 1028-1035; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Sobol, A.M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G.A., Dietz, W.H., Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990 (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150, pp. 356-362; Dietz Jr., W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? 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UK Data Archive (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper 1, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Creeser, R., Household Grid Variables in the Combined NCDS/BCS70 1999/2000 Data: Data Note 3 (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Data Note 3, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies; Jenkins, A., Makepeace, G., Appendix 7: Highest qualification (2002) NCDS/BCS70 1999-2000 Follow-ups: Guide to the Combined Dataset (Revised December 2002), pp. 138-A162. , J. Bynner N. Butler E. Ferri P. Shepherd K. Smith Centre for Longitudinal Studies London; Parsons, S., Appendix 5: Basic skills and other variables (2002) NCDS/BCS70 1999-2000 Follow-ups: Guide to the Combined Dataset (Revised December 2002), , J. Bynner N. Butler E. Ferri P. Shepherd K. Smith Centre for Longitudinal Studies London; Butler, N.R., Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., (2000) The 1970 British Birth Cohort Study: Ten Year Follow-up: A Guide to the BCS70 Ten-year Data Available at the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., Child to adult socioeconomic conditions and obesity in a national cohort (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1081-1086; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Sallis, J.F., Broyles, S.L., Frank-Spohrer, G., Berry, C.C., Davis, T.B., Nader, P.R., Child's home environment in relation to the mother's adiposity (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 190-197; Burdette, H.L., Whitaker, R.C., Kahn, R.S., Harvey-Berino, J., Association of maternal obesity and depressive symptoms with television-viewing time in low-income preschool children (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157, pp. 894-899; Wake, M., Hesketh, K., Waters, E., Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children (2003) J Paediatr Child Health, 39, pp. 130-134; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 758-764; Tremblay, M.S., Willms, J.D., Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1100-1105; American Academy of Pediatrics: Children, adolescents, and television (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 423-426; Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Morrison, C., Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of obesity from self reported height and weight in an adult Scottish population (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 143-148; Goodman, E., Strauss, R.S., Self-reported height and weight and the definition of obesity in epidemiological studies (2003) J Adolesc Health, 33, pp. 140-141; Matheson, D.M., Killen, J.D., Wang, Y., Varady, A., Robinson, T.N., Children's food consumption during television viewing (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 79, pp. 1088-1094; Kay, J.P., Alemzadeh, R., Langley, G., D'Angelo, L., Smith, P., Holshouser, S., Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents (2001) Metabolism, 50, pp. 1457-1461; Saelens, B.E., Sallis, J.F., Nader, P.R., Broyles, S.L., Berry, C.C., Taras, H.L., Home environmental influences on children's television watching from early to middle childhood (2002) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 23, pp. 127-132; Boynton-Jarrett, R., Thomas, T.N., Peterson, K.E., Wiecha, J., Sobol, A.M., Gortmaker, S.L., Impact of television viewing patterns on fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents (2003) Pediatrics, 112, pp. 1321-1326; Klesges, R.C., Shelton, M.L., Klesges, L.M., Effects of television on metabolic rate: Potential implications for childhood obesity (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 281-286; Borzekowski, D.L., Robinson, T.N., The 30-second effect: An experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers (2001) J Am Diet Assoc, 101, pp. 42-46; (2004) A Short History of British Television Advertising, , http://www.nmpft.org.uk/insight/downloads/ AShortHistoryOfBritishTelevisionAdvertising.asp, UK, National Museum of Photography, Film and Television; Robinson, T.N., Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1561-1567 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26844516301&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpeds.2005.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=416c6ed22805397c011cbf3c116a6ba1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - For Japanese children to have a strong and healthy future: The first issue, a preliminary research of Sukusuku-cohort in Mie T2 - IRYO - Japanese Journal of National Medical Services J2 - IRYO Jpn. J. Natl. Med. Serv. VL - 59 IS - 10 SP - 533 EP - 538 PY - 2005 SN - 00211699 (ISSN) AU - Yamamoto, H. AU - Tamaki, J. AU - Ohtani, N. AU - Obata, M. AU - Bonno, M. AU - Yamakawa, N. AU - Tanaka, S. AU - Ido, M. AB - In 2004, the Japan Science and Technology Agency started a mission-oriented research program to identify which factors influence the cognitive-behavioral development of children in Japan. As the regional center in Mie Prefecture we are undertaking this research in cooperation with the departments of health and welfare and the education authorities of local governments. The results of preliminary research carried out in Fiscal 2004 are reported in this manuscript. In the beginning of the research, the research structure and a committee to promote this mission were organized involving the local government and mother and child care centers. Secondly, a research room to observe child development was established on the basement floor of our medical center. There are an interview section, a waiting corner and a feeding room as well as an observation booth needed for research. Thirdly, symposia on the subject of "the pursuit of child development - the responsibilities of the 21st century" were held to deepen the comprehension of general citizens. The number of attendees at the Owase and Tsu symposia were 75 and 64 people, respectively. A lot of audience manifested interest in this research. Moreover, the recruitment of subjects for a pilot study was carried out as part of this preliminary research. Fifty-one percent of families with newborn infants were informed about this research and 29% of these informed subjects, in other words 15% of the total of families with newborns, consented to the research. It was necessary to inform more than three times as many families to secure a sufficient number of subjects for research. Improving the enrollment rate for the pilot study is a major challenge. KW - Children KW - Cognitive-behavioral development KW - Japan KW - Mission-oriented research program III KW - Sukusuku cohort study KW - child behavior KW - child development KW - cognition KW - day care KW - education KW - feeding KW - futurology KW - government KW - history of medicine KW - human KW - Japan KW - medical research KW - newborn care KW - observational method KW - pilot study KW - review KW - waiting room N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IRYOA LA - Japanese N1 - References: Kaiser, J., NIH launches controversial long term study of 100000 U.S. kids (2005) Science, 306, p. 1883; Plewis, I., Calderwood, L., Hawkes, L., (2004) National Child Development Study and 1970 British Cohort Study Technical Report. Changes in the NCDS and BCS70 Populations and Samples over Time; Nathan, G., A review of sample attrition and representativeness in three longitudinal surveys (1999) Government Statistical Service Methodology Series, 13; Japanese source; Yamamoto, H., Obata, M., Bonno, M., The features of immunological potential in neonates (2005) Recent Res Devel Haematol, 2, pp. 21-32 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29344440674&partnerID=40&md5=4e5d25c584d85d28028439133407d001 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anthropometric relationships between parents and children throughout childhood: The Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé Study T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1222 EP - 1229 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802920 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Heude, B. AU - Kettaneh, A. AU - Rakotovao, R. AU - Bresson, J.L. AU - Borys, J.M. AU - Ducimetière, P. AU - Charles, M.A. AD - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 258-IFR69, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France AD - INSERM CIC930 and Université Paris V, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France AD - Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Association, Laventie, France AD - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 258-IFR69, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 16, Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France AB - BACKGROUND: The study of parent-child anthropometric relationships and their evolution over time may help to better understand familial risk factors for childhood obesity. METHODS: In a population-based cohort of 124 nuclear families (Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé Study (FLVS) I and II), various anthropometric parameters were measured in both parents and their children, first when the children were prepubescent and again at the end of puberty. Troncular adiposity repartition was estimated by calculating troncular to peripheral skinfolds ratio and waist-to-hip circumferences ratio. Birth and infancy heights and weights were also obtained from the children's health booklets. Parent-child correlations were estimated in infancy, before and at the end of the child's puberty. A prospective analysis was performed to predict the changes in the children's measurements over puberty according to their parents' corresponding baseline values. RESULTS: BMI and weight correlations at birth were high (>0.30) with the mother and low (<0.10) with the father, then they converged to an intermediate level at 2 y and remained between 0.2 and 0.3 thereafter. Correlations for waist circumference were already present at the prepubertal period and persisted on the same level at the postpubertal period, whereas correlations for subcutaneous adiposity - measured by four skinfolds - and for adiposity distribution - measured by ratios - were higher at the postpubertal period. Moreover, the prospective approach showed that mother's BMI predicted the evolution of her children's BMI over puberty, whereas this relationship was observed more specifically with the father concerning adiposity distribution parameters. CONCLUSION: Maternal adiposity may act early in life on the adiposity of the child. Maternal and paternal adiposities seem to have quite distinct effects at two key periods of the child's adiposity development such as the prenatal and pubertal periods. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Birth weight KW - Body fat KW - Children KW - Familial correlation KW - Growth KW - Puberty KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - body fat distribution KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child KW - child health KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - obesity KW - parental attitude KW - population research KW - prediction KW - prepuberty KW - priority journal KW - puberty KW - skinfold thickness KW - subcutaneous fat KW - waist circumference KW - waist hip ratio KW - Adiposity KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Nuclear Family KW - Obesity KW - Pedigree KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15795752 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Heude, B.; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 258-IFR69, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 16, Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France; email: heude@vjf.inserm.fr N1 - References: Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Garn, S.M., Sullivan, T.V., Hawthorne, V.M., Fatness and obesity of the parents of obese individuals (1989) Am J Clin Nutr, 50, pp. 1308-1313; Bouchard, C., Pérusse, L., Rice, T., Rao, D.C., The genetics of human obesity (1998) Handbook of Obesity, pp. 157-190. , Bray GA, Bouchard C, James WPT (eds). Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York; Stunkard, A.J., Berkowitz, R.I., Stallings, V.A., Cater, J.R., Weights of parents and infants: Is there a relationship? (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 159-162; Bayley, N., Some increasing parent-child similarities during the growth of children (1954) J Educ Psychol, 45, pp. 1-21; Hewitt, D., Stewart, A., The Oxford Child Health Survey: A study of the influence of social and genetic factors on infant weight (1952) Hum Biol, 24, pp. 309-319; Garn, S.M., Pesick, S.D., Relationship between various maternal body mass measures and size of the newborn (1982) Am J Clin Nutr, 36, pp. 664-668; Whitaker, R.C., Deeks, C.M., Baughcum, A.E., Specker, B.L., The relationship of childhood adiposity to parent body mass index and eating behavior (2000) Obes Res, 8, pp. 234-240; Safer, D.L., Agras, W.S., Bryson, S., Hammer, L.D., Early body mass index and other anthropometric relationships between parents and children (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 1532-1536; Maynard, L.M., Wisemandle, W., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S.S., Siervogel, R.M., Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 344-350; Kaplowitz, H.J., Wild, K.A., Mueller, W.H., Decker, M., Tanner, J.M., Serial and parent-child changes in components of body fat distribution and fatness in children from the London Longitudinal Growth Study, ages two to eighteen years (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 739-758; Maillard, G., Charles, M.A., Lafay, L., Thibult, N., Vray, M., Borys, J.M., Basdevant, A., Romon, M., Macronutrient energy intake and adiposity in non obese prepubertal children aged 5-11 y (the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Sante Study) (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1608-1617; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Donner, A., Koval, J.J., A multivariate analysis of family data (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 114, pp. 149-154; Frison, L., Pocock, S.J., Repeated measures in clinical trials: Analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design (1992) StatMed, 11, pp. 1685-1704; Vickers, A.J., The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcome in a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: A simulation study (2001) BMC Med Res Methodol, 1, p. 6; Lalouel, J., (1979) GEMNI: A Computer Program for Optimization of General Nonlinear Functions, , Technical Report no. 14 Department of Medical Biophysics and Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Thomson, J., Height and weight at three years (1955) Health Bull, 13, pp. 16-17; Hewitt, D., Some familial correlations in height, weight and skeletal maturity (1957) Ann Hum Genet, 22, pp. 26-35; Ounsted, M., Moar, V., Scott, A., Growth in the first four years: IV. Correlations with parental measures in small-for-dates and large-for-dates babies (1982) Early Hum Dev, 7, pp. 357-366; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Ferrari, S., Rizzoli, R., Slosman, D., Bonjour, J.P., Familial resemblance for bone mineral mass is expressed before puberty (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, pp. 358-361; Treuth, M.S., Butte, N.F., Ellis, K.J., Martin, L.J., Comuzzie, A.G., Familial resemblance of body composition in prepubertal girls and their biological parents (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 529-533; Allison, D.B., Neale, M.C., Kezis, M.I., Alfonso, V.C., Heshka, S., Heymsfield, S.B., Assortative mating for relative weight: Genetic implications (1996) Behav Genet, 26, pp. 103-111; Hunt, M.S., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Perusse, L., Rice, T., Rao, D.C., Bouchard, C., Familial resemblance of 7-year changes in body mass and adiposity (2002) Obes Res, 10, pp. 507-517; Perusse, L., Tremblay, A., Leblanc, C., Cloninger, C.R., Reich, T., Rice, J., Bouchard, C., Familial resemblance in energy intake: Contribution of genetic and environmental factors (1988) Am J Clin Nutr, 47, pp. 629-635; Nguyen, V.T., Larson, D.E., Johnson, R.K., Goran, M.I., Fat intake and adiposity in children of lean and obese parents (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 63, pp. 507-513; Simonen, R.L., Perusse, L., Rankinen, T., Rice, T., Rao, D.C., Bouchard, C., Familial aggregation of physical activity levels in the Quebec Family Study (2002) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, pp. 1137-1142; Prentice, A.M., Intrauterine factors, adiposity, and hyperinsulinaemia (2003) BMJ, 327, pp. 880-881; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 955-959 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30544453236&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802920&partnerID=40&md5=399b91eb716de9e2564baf8f2d6d820f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marriage still protects pregnancy T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 112 IS - 10 SP - 1411 EP - 1416 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00667.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Raatikainen, K. AU - Heiskanen, N. AU - Heinonen, S. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland AB - Objective: To assess the risk factors and outcome of pregnancy outside marriage in the 1990s, in conditions of a high percentage of extramarital pregnancies and high standard maternity care, used by the entire pregnant population. Design: Hospital-based cohort study. Setting: A university-teaching hospital in Finland. Population: The 25,373 singleton pregnancies of known marital and cohabiting status. Methods: Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the effect of extramarital childbearing on pregnancy outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to control for confounding maternal risk factors. Main outcome measures: Small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants, preterm birth (less than 37 completed weeks), low birthweight (LBW; under 2500 g). Results: Of the study population, 67.5% were married and 32.5% were unmarried; 24.2% of all mothers were cohabiting. Unmarried status was strongly associated with social disadvantage and particular risk factors, specifically unemployment, smoking and previous pregnancy terminations, which in turn had an impact on obstetric outcome. There were significantly more SGA infants among unmarried mothers (P < 0.001), with an absolute difference of 45%; more preterm deliveries (P= 0.001), with an absolute difference of 17.5%; and more LBW infants (P < 0.001), with an absolute difference of 26%. The differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes between study groups (i) all unmarried women, (ii) cohabiting women and (iii) single women, remained significant after multivariate analysis at adjusted ORs of 1.11, 1.11 and 1.07 for SGA, 1.17, 1.15 and 1.21 for LBW and 1.15, 1.15 and 1.29 for the preterm births, respectively. Conclusion: Even in the 1990s when cohabitation was already common, pregnancy outside marriage was associated with an overall 20% increase of adverse outcomes, and free maternity care did not overcome the difference. © RCOG 2005 BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - coitus KW - female KW - fetus KW - Finland KW - health care access KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - marriage KW - maternal care KW - multivariate logistic regression analysis KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy outcome KW - pregnancy termination KW - premature labor KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - sexual behavior KW - single woman KW - small for date infant KW - smoking KW - unemployment KW - Finland KW - low birth weight KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy outcome KW - prematurity KW - single parent KW - small for date infant KW - statistics KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Marriage KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Premature Birth KW - Risk Factors KW - Single Parent N1 - Cited By :64 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BIOGF C2 - 16167946 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Heinonen, S.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland N1 - References: Holt, V.L., Danoff, N.L., Mueller, B.A., Swanson, M.W., The association of change in maternal marital status between births and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the second birth (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11 (1), pp. 31-40. , (January); Luo, Z.C., Wilkins, R., Kramer, M.S., Disparities in pregnancy outcomes according to marital and cohabitation status (2004) Obstet Gynecol, 103 (6), pp. 1300-1307. , Fetal and Infant Health Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. (June); Peacock, J.L., Bland, J.M., Anderson, H.R., Preterm delivery: Effects of socioeconomic factors, psychological stress, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine (1995) BMJ, 311 (7004), pp. 531-535. , (August 26); Zeitlin, J.A., Saurel-Cubizolles, M.J., Ancel, P.Y., Marital status, cohabitation, and risk of preterm birth in Europe: Where births outside marriage are common and uncommon (2002) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 16 (2), pp. 124-130. , EUROPOP Group. (April); Bird, S.T., Chandra, A., Bennett, T., Harvey, S.M., Beyond marital status: Relationship type and duration and the risk of low birth weight (2000) Fam Plan Perspect, 32 (6), pp. 281-287. , (November-December); Hanke, W., Kalinka, J., Sobala, W., Single motherhood, urban residence and SGA babies in Central Poland (1998) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 61 (3), pp. 289-291. , (June); O'Callaghan, M.J., Harvey, J.M., Tudehope, D.I., Gray, P.H., Aetiology and classification of small for gestational age infants (1997) J Paediatr Child Health, 33 (3), pp. 213-218; Arntzen, A., Moum, T., Magnus, P., Bakketeig, L.S., Marital status as a risk factor for fetal and infant mortality (1996) Scand J Soc Med, 24 (1), pp. 36-42. , (March); McCormick, M.C., The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity (1985) N Engl J Med, 312 (2), pp. 82-90. , (January 10); Kiernan, K., Childbearing outside marriage in western Europe (1999) Popul Trends, (98), pp. 11-20. , Winter(; Olsen, P., Laara, E., Rantakallio, P., Jarvelin, M.R., Sarpola, A., Hartikainen, A.L., Epidemiology of preterm delivery in two birth cohorts with an interval of 20 years (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142 (11), pp. 1184-1193. , (December 1); Kalinka, J., Laudanski, T., Hanke, W., Wasiela, M., Do microbiological factors account for poor pregnancy outcome among unmarried pregnant women in Poland (2003) Fetal Diagn Ther, 18 (5), pp. 345-352. , (September-October); Hedegaard, M., Henriksen, T.B., Sabroe, S., Secher, N.J., Psychological distress in pregnancy and preterm delivery (1993) BMJ, 307 (6898), pp. 234-239. , (July 24); Blondel, J., Blondel, B., Marshall, B., Poor antenatal care in 20 French districts: Risk factors and pregnancy outcome (1998) Epidemiol Community Health, 52 (8), pp. 501-506. , (August); Hartikainen-Sorri, A.L., Sorri, M., Occupational and socio-medical factors in preterm birth (1989) Obstet Gynecol, 74 (1), pp. 13-16. , (July); Gissler, M., Merilainen, J., Vuori, E., Hemminki, E., Register based monitoring shows decreasing socioeconomic differences in Finnish perinatal health (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57 (6), pp. 433-439. , (June); Vagero, D., Koupilova, I., Leon, D.A., Lithell, U.B., Social determinants of birthweight, ponderal index and gestational age in Sweden in the 1920s and the 1980s (1999) Acta Paediatr, 88 (4), pp. 445-453. , (April); MacDonald, L.D., Peacock, J.L., Anderson, H.R., Marital status: Association with social and economic circumstances, psychological state and outcomes of pregnancy (1992) J Public Health Med, 14 (1), pp. 26-34. , (March); Wildschut, H.I., Nas, T., Golding, J., Are sociodemographic factors predictive of preterm birth? a reappraisal of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104 (1), pp. 57-63. , (January); Gordon, R.R., Postneonatal mortality among illegitimate children registered by one or both parents (1990) BMJ, 300 (6719), pp. 236-237. , (January 27); Waldron, I., Hughes, M.E., Brooks, T.L., Marriage protection and marriage selection-prospective evidence for reciprocal effects of marital status and health (1996) Soc Sci Med, 43 (1), pp. 113-123. , (July); Rutter, D.R., Quine, L., Inequalities in pregnancy outcome: A review of psychosocial and behavioural mediators (1990) Soc Sci Med, 30 (5), pp. 553-568. , [review]; Tambyrajia, R.L., Mongelli, M., Sociobiological variables and pregnancy outcome (2000) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 70 (1), pp. 105-112. , [review]. (July) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32944480625&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2005.00667.x&partnerID=40&md5=82e53c9b0c8f9ee219e185f864491326 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 35 IS - 9 SP - 1349 EP - 1356 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1017/S0033291705004964 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Kendler, K.S. AU - Gardner, C. AU - Jacobson, K.C. AU - Neale, M.C. AU - Prescott, C.A. AD - Virginia Institute for Psychiatry and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States AD - Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States AD - Department of Psychology, Medical College of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States AB - Background. The prevalence of use of many psychoactive substances has changed considerably in recent years. While genetic factors impact on overall risk for substance use, we know little about whether the etiological importance of these factors differs across birth cohorts. One theory, which postulates that heritability of deviant traits increases in permissive environments, predicts a positive relationship across cohorts between prevalence and heritability of substance use. Method. The lifetime history of use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives and stimulants were assessed in 4826 twins from male-male and female-female pairs born in Virginia from 1934 to 1974. Using empirical methods based on prevalence by birth year, these twins were divided into three cohorts for each substance (e.g. for cannabis 1934-1953, 1954-1968 and 1969-1974). Structural equation modeling was performed using the Mx software package. Results. Prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use differed substantially across cohorts, most markedly for cocaine, sedatives and stimulants, which were highest in the 1958-1963 cohort. However, for all substances, the best-fit model constrained estimates of the etiological role of genetic and environmental risk factors to be equal across both sex and cohort. Conclusions. We found no evidence in this sample for any systematic relationship between heritability and prevalence of psychoactive substance use - which should be a rough index of drug availability and/or acceptability. This sample had reasonable power to detect large changes in heritability across cohorts and at least moderate power to detect relatively small changes. © 2005 Cambridge University Press. KW - cannabis KW - central stimulant agent KW - cocaine KW - illicit drug KW - psychotropic agent KW - sedative agent KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - drug dependence KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - genotype environment interaction KW - heredity KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prevalence KW - risk factor KW - substance abuse KW - tobacco dependence KW - United States KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cohort Studies KW - Environment KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Inheritance Patterns KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Virginia N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 16168157 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kendler, K.S.; Department of Psychiatry, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States; email: kendler@hsc.vcu.edu N1 - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7; cocaine, 50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1 N1 - References: Akaike, H., Factor analysis and AIC (1987) Psychometrika, 52, pp. 317-332; Bierut, L.J., Heath, A.C., Phil, D., Bucholz, K.K., Dinwiddie, S.H., Madden, P.A.F., Statham, D.J., Martin, N.G., Major depressive disorder in a community-based twin sample (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 557-563; Boerwinkle, E., Hallman, D.M., Genotype-by-environment interaction: It's a fact of life (1993) Genetics of Cellular, Individual, Family, and Population Variability, pp. 93-105. , (ed. 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Hanis), Oxford University Press: New York; Boomsma, D.I., de Geus, E.J.C., van Baal, G.C.M., Koopmans, J.R., A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality (1999) Twin Research, 2, pp. 115-125; Dunne, M.P., Martin, N.G., Statham, D.J., Slutske, W.S., Dinwiddie, S.H., Bucholz, K.K., Madden, P.A.F., Heath, A.C., Genetic and environmental contributions to variance in age at first sexual intercourse (1997) Psychological Science, 8, pp. 211-216; Eaves, L.J., Eysenck, H.J., Martin, N.G., Jardine, R., Heath, A.C., Feingold, L., Young, P.A., Kendler, K.S., (1989) Genes, Culture and Personality: An Empirical Approach, , Academic Press: London; Falconer, D.S., The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives (1965) Annals of Human Genetics, 29, pp. 51-76; Heath, A.C., Berg, K., Eaves, L.J., Solaas, M.H., Corey, L.A., Sunder, J., Magnus, P., Nance, W.E., Education policy and the heritability of educational attainment (1985) Nature, 314, pp. 734-736; Jordan, B.D., Relkin, N.R., Ravdin, L.D., Jacobs, A.R., Bennett, A., Gandy, S., Apolipoprotein E4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing (1997) Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, pp. 136-140; Kandel, D.B., On processes of peer influences in adolescent drug use: A developmental perspective (1985) Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 4, pp. 139-163; Kaprio, J., Rose, R.J., Romanov, K., Koskenvuo, M., Genetic and environmental determinants of use and abuse of alcohol: The Finnish twin cohort studies (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 131-136; Kendler, K.S., Twin studies of psychiatric illness: An update (2001) Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, pp. 1005-1014; Kendler, K.S., Karkowski, L., Neale, M.C., Prescott, C.A., Illicit psychoactive substance use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence in a US population-based sample of male twins (2000) Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp. 261-269; Kendler, K.S., Karkowski, L.M., Pedersen, N.C., Tobacco consumption in Swedish twins reared-apart and reared-together (2000) Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp. 886-892; Kendler, K.S., Karkowski, L.M., Prescott, C.A., Hallucinogen, opiate, sedative and stimulant use and abuse in a population-based sample of female twins (1999) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 99, pp. 368-376; Kendler, K.S., Karkowski, L.M., Prescott, C.A., Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, pp. 837-841; Kendler, K.S., Kessler, R.C., Walters, E.E., MacLean, C.J., Sham, P.C., Neale, M.C., Heath, A.C., Eaves, L.J., Stressful life events, genetic liability and onset of an episode of major depression in women (1995) American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, pp. 833-842; Kendler, K.S., Neale, M.C., Sullivan, P.F., Corey, L.A., Gardner, C.O., Prescott, C.A., A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 299-308; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., Cannabis use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of female twins (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 1016-1022; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., Cocaine use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of female twins (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, pp. 345-350; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., A population-based twin study of lifetime major depression in men and women (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 39-44; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., Neale, M.C., Pedersen, N.L., Temperance board registration for alcohol abuse in a national sample of Swedish male twins born 1902-1949 (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, pp. 178-184; Khaw, K.-T., Barrett-Connor, E.B., Family history of heart attack: A modifiable risk factor? 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(1997) Science, 278, pp. 1068-1073; Prescott, C.A., Hewitt, J.K., Truett, K.R., Heath, A.C., Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., Genetic and environmental influences on lifetime alcohol-related problems in a volunteer sample of older twins (1994) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55, pp. 184-202; Spence, J.E., Corey, L.A., Nance, W.E., Marazita, M.L., Kendler, K.S., Schieken, R.M., Molecular analysis of twin zygosity using VNTR DNA probes (1988) American Journal of Human Genetics, 43, pp. A159. , [Abstract]; Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B., Gibbon, J., (1987) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R - Patient Version (SCID-P, 4/1/87), , New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York; (1996) Trends in the Incidence of Drug Use in the United States, 1919-1992, , Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration US Department of Health and Human Services: Washington, DC; Tikkanen, M.J., Huttunen, J.K., Ehnholm, C., Peitinen, P., Apolipoprotein E4 homozygosity predisposes to serum cholesterol elevation during high fat diet (1990) Arteriosclerosis, 10, pp. 285-288; van den Bree, M.B.M., Johnson, E.O., Neale, M.C., Pickens, R.W., Genetic and environmental influences on drug use and abuse/dependence in male and female twins (1998) Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 52, pp. 231-241 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24644487834&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291705004964&partnerID=40&md5=55d41c3480f29aba54c9bb448aa81fab ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of congenital colour vision defects on occupation T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 90 IS - 9 SP - 906 EP - 908 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/adc.2004.062067 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Cumberland, P. AU - Rahi, J.S. AU - Peckham, C.S. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To investigate whether there is an association between congenital colour vision defects (CVD) and occupational choice and employment history, in order to inform the debate about the value of universal childhood screening for these disorders. Methods: Participants were 6422 males and 6112 females from the 1958 British birth cohort, followed from birth to 33 years, whose colour vision was assessed (Ishihara test) at 11 years. Results: A total or 431 males (6.7%) had CVD. Men with CVD had pursued some careers for which normal colour vision is currently regarded as essential; for example, eight men (3.1%) with CVD were in the police, armed forces, or fire-fighting service at 33 years compared to 141 men (3.8%) with normal colour vision. They were, however, under-represented compared to those with normal colour vision, in other occupations; for example, no men with CVD were employed in electrical and electronic engineering at 33 years compared to 15 men (0.4%) with normal colour vision. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest there is little to be gained by continuing with existing school screening programmes for CVD, whose primary purpose is to advise affected children against certain careers. Other ways of informing young people about potential occupational difficulties and pathways for referral for specialist assessment are likely to be more useful. KW - article KW - color vision KW - color vision defect KW - congenital disorder KW - controlled study KW - employment KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - occupation KW - occupational hazard KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - screening KW - vision test KW - Career Choice KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Color Perception KW - Color Perception Tests KW - Color Vision Defects KW - Counseling KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Occupations KW - School Health Services KW - Vision Screening N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 15914497 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rahi, J.S.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: j.rahi@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: (1987) Colour Vision, pp. 1-8. , Medical Series Guidance Notes, MS7. London: HMSO; Taylor, W.O.G., Effects on employment of defects in colour vision (1971) Br J Ophthalmol, 55, pp. 753-760; Holroyd, E., Hall, D.M.B., A re-appraisal of screening for colour vision impairments (1997) Child Care Health Dev, 23, pp. 391-398; Cole, B.L., The handicap of abnormal colour vision (2004) Clin Exp Optom, 87, pp. 258-275; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; (1972) Classification of Occupations and Directory of Occupational Titles (CODOT), , London: HMSO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24144491339&doi=10.1136%2fadc.2004.062067&partnerID=40&md5=027a3aab5b359b9caf90ca2c9bdd7c22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does mother's IQ explain the association between birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood? T2 - Intelligence J2 - Intelligence VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 445 EP - 454 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.intell.2005.05.004 SN - 01602896 (ISSN) AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Der, G. AU - Shenkin, S.D. AD - University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom AD - MRC Social and Public Health, Sciences Unit, Glasgow, United Kingdom AB - There is a significant association between birth weight and cognitive test scores in childhood, even among individuals born at term and with normal birth weight. The association is not explained by the child's social background. Here we examine whether mother's cognitive ability accounts for the birth weight-cognitive ability association. We analysed mother and child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Random effects models were employed to utilise fully the repeated cognitive tests on the same child, and to include all children of each mother. Mother's score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) was significantly related to child's birth weight. Birth weight was significantly related to the child's scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. This association was attenuated by up to two-thirds after taking into account mother's AFQT score. In this large sample the association between birth weight and cognitive ability was substantially explained by mother's IQ. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NTLLD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Deary, I.J.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; email: I.Deary@ed.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , 2nd ed. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; Barker, D.J.P., Developmental origins of adult health and disease (2004) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, pp. 114-115; Baumler, E.R., Carvajal, S., Harrist, R.B., Analysis of repeated measures data (2003) Multilevel Modeling: Methodological Advances, Issues, and Applications, pp. 140-156. , S.P. Reise & N. Duan (Eds.) Lawrence Erlbaum New Jersey; Bhutta, A.T., Cleves, M.A., Casey, P.H., Cradock, M.M., Anand, K.J.S., Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: A meta-analysis (2002) Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, pp. 728-737; Boardman, J.D., Powers, D.A., Padilla, Y.C., Hummer, R.A., Low birth weight, social factors, and developmental outcomes among children in the United States (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 353-368; Boomsma, D.I., van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Rietveld, M.J.H., Bartels, M., van Baal, G.C.M., Genetics mediate relation of birth weight to childhood IQ (2001) British Medical Journal, 323, p. 1426; Bouchard, T.J., McGue, M., Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences (2003) Journal of Neurobiology, 54, pp. 4-45; (2002) NLSY79 Child and Young Adult Data Users Guide, , Center for Human Resource Research Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University; Cnaan, A., Laird, N.M., Slasor, P., Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data (1997) Statistics in Medicine, 16, pp. 2349-2380; Devlin, B., Daniels, M., Roeder, K., The heritability of IQ (1997) Nature, 388, pp. 468-471; Diggle, P.J., Liang, K.L., Zeger, S.L., (1994) Analysis of Longitudinal Data, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , London, UK: Arnold; Gorman, B.K., Birth weight and cognitive development in adolescence: Causal relationship or social selection? (2002) Social Biology, 49, pp. 13-34; Guo, G., Harris, K.M., The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 431-447; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 305-310; Kenward, M.G., Roger, J.H., Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood (1997) Biometrics, 53, pp. 983-997; Kiweon, K., The effect of poverty on children's academic performance (1992), p. 2124. , (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1992). Dissertation Abstracts International, 53; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (2004) A Lifecourse Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , (Eds.) Oxford University Press Oxford, UK; (1999) NLSY79 User's Guide, , National Longitudinal Surveys US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics; Padilla, Y.C., Boardman, J.D., Hummer, R.A., Espitia, M., Is the Mexican American "epidemiologic paradox" advantage at birth maintained through early childhood? (2002) Social Forces, 80, pp. 1101-1123; Plomin, R., DeFries, J.C., McClearn, G.E., McGuffin, P., (2001) Behavioral Genetics, , 4th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 342-348; Rowe, D.C., IQ, birth weight, and number of sexual partners in white, African American, and mixed race adolescents (2002) Population and Environment, 23, pp. 513-524; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychological Bulletin, 130, pp. 989-1013; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 85, pp. 189-196; Singer, J.D., Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models (1998) Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 23, pp. 323-355; Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., D'Onofrio, B., Gottesman, I.I., Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children (2003) Psychological Science, 14, pp. 623-628; Willett, J.B., Singer, J.D., Martin, N.C., The design and analysis of longitudinal studies of development and psychopathology in context: Statistical models and methodological recommendations (1998) Development and Psychopathology, 10, pp. 395-426 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23844535106&doi=10.1016%2fj.intell.2005.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=606d1fcc25bd68aa683e03327892fa6f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors as predictors of body mass index and obesity among older women T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 9 SP - 1084 EP - 1092 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802996 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Newby, P.K. AU - Dickman, P.W. AU - Adami, H.-O. AU - Wolk, A. AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine whether early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors were associated with body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SUBJECTS: In all, 18109 healthy women who participated in the Swedish Mammography Cohort aged 49-83 y. MEASUREMENTS: Early anthropometric (birthweight and body shape at age 10 y) and reproductive (age at menarche, age at the birth of the first child, and parity) variables were our predictors and current BMI, overweight (BMI 25-29.99 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were our outcomes. RESULTS: In multivariate-adjusted polytomous logistic regression analysis, risk of overweight and obesity increased with increasing body shape at age 10 y and decreased with increasing age at menarche and age at first birth (P for trend < 0.0001). A U-shaped relation with birthweight was observed. In our tests for effect modification of the relation with overweight/obesity (ow/ob; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), we detected significant interactions between body shape at 10 y and age (P < 0.0001); body shape at 10 y and physical activity (P < 0.0001); age at first birth and smoking (P = 0.02); and parity and physical activity (P = 0.004). The increased risk of ow/ob among women who reported a larger childhood body shape was reduced as women moved from the lowest to highest quartile of physical activity in adulthood. Likewise, the increasing risk of ow/ob among women with greater parity was reduced with increased physical activity. CONCLUSION: Early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors are significantly associated with BMI, overweight, and obesity among older women. The effects of childhood body weight, age at first birth, and parity may be modified by adult lifestyle choices, as well as age. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - Birthweight KW - BMI KW - Childhood KW - Physical activity KW - Reproductive KW - adult KW - aged KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - logistic regression analysis KW - menarche KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - parity KW - physical activity KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - reproduction KW - statistical analysis KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Size KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Exertion KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Maternal Age KW - Menarche KW - Middle Aged KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Prognosis KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15925960 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Newby, P.K.; Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, United States; email: pknewby@post.harvard.edu N1 - Funding details: Cancerfonden, Cancerfonden N1 - Funding details: Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education, Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education N1 - Funding details: Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education, Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education N1 - Funding text: This research was supported by the Swedish Research Council/Section 4-Longitudinal Studies, the Swedish Cancer Society, and the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Learning. 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AU - Naumova, E.N. AU - Phillips, S.M. AU - Blum, M. AU - Dawson-Hughes, B. AU - Rand, W.M. AD - Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AD - Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AD - Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University, School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States AB - Objective. Although several studies have suggested that early menarche is associated with the development of adult overweight, few have accounted for childhood overweight before menarche. Study Design. A 30-year follow-up of the original participants in the Newton Girls Study, a prospective study of development in a cohort of girls followed through menarche, provided data on premenarcheal relative weight and overweight (BMI >85th percentile), prospectively obtained age at menarche, self-reported adult BMI, overweight (BMI > 25), obesity (BMI > 30) and, for a subset of participants, percentage body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results. Of the 448 women who participated in the adult follow-up at a mean age of 42.1 years (SD: 0.76 years), 307 had childhood data with which to characterize premenarcheal and menarcheal weight status and age at menarche. After a follow-up of 30.1 years (SD: 1.4 years), reported BMI was 23.4 (4.8), 28% were overweight, and 9% were obese. In multivariate linear and logistic-regression analyses, almost all of the influence on adult weight status was a result of premenarcheal weight status (model R2 = 0.199). Inclusion of a variable to reflect menarcheal timing provided very little additional information (model R2 = 0.208). Girls who were overweight before menarche were 7.7 times more likely to be overweight as adults (95% confidence interval: 2.3, 25.8), whereas early menarche (at ≤12 years of age) did not elevate risk (odds ratio: 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.66, 2.43). A similar pattern of results was observed when percentage body fat in adulthood was evaluated. Conclusions. The apparent influence of early maturation on adult female overweight is largely a result of the influence of elevated relative weight on early maturation. Interventions to prevent and treat overweight should focus on girls before they begin puberty. Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. KW - Adolescence KW - Maturation KW - Menarche KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Puberty KW - article KW - body fat KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child KW - controlled study KW - demography KW - disease course KW - dual energy X ray absorptiometry KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - medical information KW - menarche KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - sexual maturation KW - adult KW - age KW - obesity KW - sexual development KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Menarche KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Sexual Development N1 - Cited By :71 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 16099850 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Must, A.; Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University, School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States; email: aviva.must@tufts.edu N1 - References: Hedley, A.A., Ogden, C.L., Johnson, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., Flegal, K.M., Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002 (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 2847-2850; Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health: Obesity and Overweight, , www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en; Freedman, D.S., Shear, C.L., Burke, G.L., Persistence of juvenile-onset obesity over eight years: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 588-592; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (1 PART 2), pp. 145S-148S; Braddon, F.E.M., Rodgers, B., Wadworth, M.E.J., Onset of obesity in a 36-year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 293, pp. 299-303; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1959 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Garn, S.M., Continuities and changes in fatness from infancy through adulthood (1985) Curr Probl Pediatr, 15, pp. 1-47; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Frisch, R.E., Revelle, R., Height and weight at menarche and a hypothesis of menarche (1971) Arch Dis Child, 48, pp. 695-701; Ellison, P.T., Skeletal growth, fatness, and menarcheal age: A comparison of two hypotheses (1982) Hum Biol, 54, pp. 269-281; Adair, L.S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Maturational timing and overweight prevalence in US adolescent girls (2001) Am J Public Health, 91, pp. 642-644; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, H.C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Freedman, D.S., Kettel-Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Srininivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2003) BMC Pediatr, 3, p. 3; Frisancho, A.R., Housh, C.H., The relationship of maturity rate to body size and body proportions in children and adults (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 759-770; Wellens, R., Malina, R.M., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S.S., Siervogel, R.M., Body size and fatness in young adults in relation to age at menarche (1992) Am J Hum Biol, 4, pp. 783-787; Brown, D.E., Koenig, T.V., Demorales, A.M., McGuire, K., Mersai, C.T., Menarche age, fatness, and fat distribution in Hawaiin adolescents (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol, 99, pp. 239-247; Must, A., Phillips, S.M., Naumova, E.N., Recall of early menstrual history and menarcheal body size: After 30 years, how well do women remember? (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 155, pp. 672-679; Zacharias, L., Rand, W.M., Wurtman, R.J., A prospective study of sexual development and growth in American girls: The statistics of menarchie (1976) Obstet Gynecol Surv, 31, pp. 325-337; Zacharias, L., Rand, W.M., Adolescent growth in height and its relation to menarche in contemporary American girls (1983) Ann Hum Biol, 10, pp. 209-222; Zacharias, L., Rand, W.M., Adolescent growth in weight and its relation to menarche in contemporary American girls (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 369-386; Blum, M., Must, A., Harris, S.S., Rand, W.M., Phillips, S.M., Dawson-Hughes, B., Association of documented weight at menarche with premenopausal bone mineral density (1999) J Bone Miner Res, 14, pp. S379; CDC Growth Charts: United States, , www.cdc.gov/growthcharts; Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults - The evidence report (1998) Obes Res, 6, pp. 51S-209S; Johnson, J., Dawson-Hughes, B., Precision and stability of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements (1991) Calcif Tissue Int, 49, pp. 174-178; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence: With a General Consideration of the Effects of Hereditary and Environmental Factors Upon Growth and Maturation from Birth to Maturity. Second Ed, , Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publishers; Frisch, R.E., McArthur, J.W., Menstrual cycles: Fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset (1974) Science, 185, pp. 949-951; Ahima, R.S., Dushay, J., Flier, S.N., Prabakaran, D., Flier, J.S., Leptin accelerates the onset of puberty in normal female mice (1997) J Clin Invest, 99, pp. 391-395; Morrison, J.A., Barton, B.A., Biro, F.M., Sprecher, D.L., Falkner, F., Obarzanek, E., Sexual maturation and obesity in 9- and 10-year-old black and white girls: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (1994) J Pediatr, 124, pp. 889-895; Garn, S.M., Lavelle, M., Pilkington, J.J., Comparison of fatness in premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls of the same age (1983) J Pediatr, 103, pp. 328-331; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; St. George, I.M., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Body size and the menarche: The Dunedin Study (1994) J Adolesc Health, 15, pp. 573-576; Biro, F.M., McMahon, R.P., Striegel-Moore, R., Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (2001) J Pediatr, 138, pp. 636-643; Okasha, M., McCarron, P., McEwen, J., Davey Smith, G., Age at menarche: Secular trends and association with adult anthropometric measures (2001) Ann Hum Biol, 28, pp. 68-78; Garn, S.M., Lavelle, M., Rosenberg, K.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 43, pp. 879-883; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Marjo-Riitta, J., Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 287-294; Helm, P., Munster, K., Schmidt, L., Recalled menarche in relation to infertility and adult weight and height (1995) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 74, pp. 718-722; Lahmann, P.H., Lissner, L., Gullberg, B., Berglund, G., Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 685-694; Kirchengast, S., Gruber, D., Sator, M., Huber, J., Impact of the age at menarche on adult body composition in healthy pre- And postmenopausal women (1998) Am J Phys Anthropol, 105, pp. 9-20; Rowland, M.L., Reporting bias in height and weight data (1989) Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co, 70, pp. 2-11 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644612183&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2004-1604&partnerID=40&md5=2a765c6f94471a6999bb991e2321fc94 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smoking and alcohol habits as risk factors for benign digestive diseases in a Japanese population: The Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study T2 - Digestion J2 - Digestion VL - 71 IS - 4 SP - 231 EP - 237 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1159/000087048 SN - 00122823 (ISSN) AU - Yamada, M. AU - Wong, F.L. AU - Fujiwara, S. AU - Tatsukawa, Y. AU - Suzuki, G. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AB - Background: Although an association between benign digestive diseases and smoking or drinking habits was reported, consistent results have not been obtained either in European, American or Japanese populations. Methods: Smoking and alcohol habits as risk factors for the incidence of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis as well as cholelithiasis were examined using the longitudinal data of the Adult Health Study collected biennially between 1958 and 1998. During 1958-1998, 1,093 gastric ulcers, 437 duodenal ulcers, 2,054 chronic liver diseases and cirrhoses, and 1,136 cholelithiasis cases were newly detected based on medical history, fluoroscopy or endoscopy and ultrasonography. Smoking and drinking histories were obtained from five and three questionnaires, respectively, administered during different periods. The relative risks (RRs) for ever smoked to never smoked and that for ever drank to never drank were estimated after adjustment for city, sex, age, birth cohort, calendar time and radiation dose. Results: The analysis showed a positive association of smoking with gastric ulcer (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.71-2.41), duodenal ulcer (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.99-1.72), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08-1.39) and cholelithiasis (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.40), and a positive association of drinking with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.23). Conclusions: The peptic ulcer, chronic liver disease and cholelithiasis incidence increased significantly with smoking, and the chronic liver disease incidence increased significantly with drinking simultaneously in a prospective study of a Japanese population. Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG. KW - Alcohol KW - Cholelithiasis KW - Chronic liver diseases KW - Duodenal ulcer KW - Gastric ulcer KW - Smoking KW - alcohol KW - adult KW - aged KW - alcohol consumption KW - anamnesis KW - article KW - birth KW - cholelithiasis KW - chronic liver disease KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - duodenum ulcer KW - echography KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - fluoroscopy KW - gastrointestinal disease KW - gastrointestinal endoscopy KW - human KW - incidence KW - liver cirrhosis KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical research KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - questionnaire KW - radiation dose KW - radiation response KW - risk factor KW - sex KW - smoking KW - stomach ulcer KW - time KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Digestive System Diseases KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Survivors N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: DIGEB C2 - 16024928 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: yamada@rerf.or.jp N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alcohol, 64-17-5 N1 - References: Friedman, G.D., Siegelaub, A.B., Seltzer, C.C., Cigarettes, alcohol, coffee and peptic ulcer (1974) N Engl J Med, 290, pp. 469-473; Kato, I., Nomura, A.M., Stemmermann, G.N., Chyou, P.H., A prospective study of gastric and duodenal ulcer and its relation to smoking, alcohol, and diet (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 521-530; Kato, I., Tominaga, S., Ito, Y., Kobayashi, S., Yoshii, Y., Matsuura, A., Comparative case-control analysis of gastric and duodenal ulcers (1990) Jpn J Public Health, 37, pp. 919-925; Johnsen, R., Forde, O.H., Straume, B., Burhol, P.G., Aetiology of peptic ulcer: A prospective population study in Norway (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, pp. 156-160; Watanabe, Y., Kurata, J.H., Kawamoto, K., Kawai, K., Epidemiological study of peptic ulcer disease among Japanese and Koreans in Japan (1992) J Clin Gastroenterol, 15, pp. 68-74; 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Theor. Biol. VL - 235 IS - 4 SP - 583 EP - 590 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.02.010 SN - 00225193 (ISSN) AU - Kanazawa, S. AD - Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - This paper proposes the generalized Trivers-Willard hypothesis (gTWH), which suggests that parents who possess any heritable trait which increases male reproductive success at a greater rate than female reproductive success in a given environment will have a higher-than-expected offspring sex ratio, and parents who possess any heritable trait which increases female reproductive success at a greater rate than male reproductive success in a given environment will have a lower-than-expected offspring sex ratio. Since body size (height and weight) is a highly heritable trait which increases male (but not female) reproductive success, the paper hypothesizes that bigger and taller parents have more sons. The analysis of both surviving children and recent pregnancies among respondents of the National Child Development Survey and the British Cohort Survey largely supports the hypothesis. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Evolutionary psychology KW - Generalized Trivers-Willard hypothesis (gTWH) KW - Offspring sex ratio KW - body size KW - heritability KW - reproductive success KW - sex ratio KW - body height KW - body size KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - data analysis KW - demography KW - economic aspect KW - empiricism KW - evolution KW - health survey KW - heritability KW - human KW - hypothesis KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - reproduction KW - review KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - survival rate KW - theoretical study KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Height KW - Body Size KW - Body Weight KW - Evolution KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Models, Genetic KW - Parents KW - Sex Ratio N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JTBIA C2 - 15935175 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kanazawa, S.; Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: s.kanazawa@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Austad, S.N., Sunquist, M.E., Sex ratio manipulation in the common opossum (1986) Nature, 324, pp. 58-60; Baron-Cohen, S., The extreme male brain theory of autism (1999) Neurodevelopmental Disorders, pp. 401-429. , T. 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Campbell Aldine Chicago; Trivers, R., (2002) Natural Selection and Social Theory: Selected Papers of Robert Trivers, , Oxford University Press Oxford; Trivers, R.L., Willard, D.E., Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring (1973) Science, 179, pp. 90-92 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344366558&doi=10.1016%2fj.jtbi.2005.02.010&partnerID=40&md5=648697bd9145ec6566040e642822f614 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic position in childhood and early adult life and risk of mortality: A prospective study of the mothers of the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - Am. J. Public Health VL - 95 IS - 8 SP - 1396 EP - 1402 PY - 2005 DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2004.047340 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Smith, G.D. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. We sought to establish whether women's childhood socioeconomic position influenced their risk of mortality separately from the effects of adult socioeconomic position. Methods. We examined 11855 British women aged 14 to 49 years, with mortality follow-up over a 45-year period. Results. Trends according to childhood social class were observed for all-cause mortality, circulatory disease, coronary heart disease, respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, lung cancer, and stomach cancer, with higher death rates among members of unskilled manual groups. Associations attenuated after adjustment for adult social class, smoking, and body mass index. No trend was seen for breast cancer or accidents and violence. Adverse social conditions in both childhood and adulthood were associated with higher death rates from coronary heart disease and respiratory disease. Stomach cancer was influenced primarily by childhood conditions and lung cancer by factors in adult life. Conclusions. Socioeconomic position in childhood was associated with adult mortality in a large sample of British women. KW - accident KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - breast cancer KW - chronic obstructive lung disease KW - female KW - human KW - ischemia KW - ischemic heart disease KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - mortality KW - respiratory tract disease KW - smoking KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - stomach cancer KW - stroke KW - United Kingdom KW - violence KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Time Factors KW - Women's Health N1 - Cited By :92 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 15985645 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Galobardes, B., Lynch, J.W., Davey Smith, G., Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality in adulthood (2004) Epidemiol Rev, 26, pp. 7-21; Glicksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; Heslop, P., Davey Smith, G., Macleod, J., Hart, C., The socioeconomic position of employed women, risk factors and mortality (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 477-485; Wamala, S.P., Lynch, J., Kaplan, G.A., Women's exposure to early and later life socio-economic disadvantage and coronary heart disease risk: The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 275-284; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Claussen, B., Davey Smith, G., Thelle, D., Impact of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position on cause specific mortality: The Oslo Mortality Study (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 40-45; Pensola, T.H., Martikainen, P., Effect of living conditions in the parental home and youth paths on the social class differences in mortality among women (2003) Scand J Public Health, 31, pp. 428-438; Beebe-Dimmer, J., Lynch, J.W., Turrell, G., Lustgarten, S., Raghunathan, T., Kaplan, G.A., Childhood and adult socioeconomic conditions and 31-year mortality risk in women (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 159, pp. 481-490; Khaw, K.T., Where are the women in studies of coronary heart disease? 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Indic. Res. VL - 73 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 18 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s11205-004-3234-z SN - 03038300 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AD - University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study used data from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS) to examine the relationship between materialism/postmaterialism and later mental health. Materialism/postmaterialism was assessed (using Inglehart's 4-item index) at age 33 and mental health (measured by the GHQ-12) was assessed at age 42. It was found that after controlling for socio-economic status at birth, father and mother involvement in early childhood, parental family structure throughout childhood, psychological maladjustment in adolescence, educational attainment and contemporaneous factors (labour force participation, self-reported physical health, belonging to a religion, and being partnered) materialism was negatively related to ill mental health in men. The relationship between materialism and later mental health became insignificant, however, once self-efficacy was entered in the model, suggesting that materialism was positively associated with self-efficacy which was positively related to mental health. Postmaterialism was insignificantly related to mental health in both men and women. © Springer 2005. KW - Materialism KW - Mental health KW - Postmaterialism KW - Self-efficacy KW - child development KW - consumption behavior KW - mental health KW - risk factor KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council N1 - Funding text: The study reported in this paper was supported by a fellowship award to Eirini Flouri from the UK Economic and Social Research Council. 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VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 487 EP - 509 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.labeco.2005.05.004 SN - 09275371 (ISSN) AU - Gregg, P. AU - Tominey, E. AD - CMPO, Department of Economics, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom AD - Department of Economics, UCL, London, United Kingdom AB - We utilise the National Child Development Survey to analyse the impact of youth unemployment upon the wage up to twenty years later. We find a large and significant wage penalty, even after controlling for education, region and a wealth of family and individual characteristics. Our estimates are robust to an instrumental variables technique, indicating that the relationship estimated between youth unemployment and the wage is causal. Our results suggest a scar from early unemployment in the magnitude of 13-21% at age 42. However, this penalty is lower, at 9-11%, if individuals avoid repeat exposure to unemployment. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 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(1991) American Economic Review, 81 (1), pp. 319-324; Stevens, A.H., Persistent effects of job displacement: The importance of multiple job losses (1997) Journal of Labor Economics, 15 (1), pp. 165-188 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24044530412&doi=10.1016%2fj.labeco.2005.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=066cee32e56a848bbe3bc42be6af064b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity in South Australian adults - Prevalence, projections and generational assessment over 13 years T2 - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health J2 - Aust. New Zealand J. Public Health VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 343 EP - 348 PY - 2005 SN - 13260200 (ISSN) AU - Dal Grande, E. AU - Gill, T. AU - Taylor, A.W. AU - Chittleborough, C. AU - Carter, P. AD - Population Research and Outcomes Studies Unit, Department of Health, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia AD - Health Promotion SA, Department of Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia AB - Objectives: To examine the trend in obesity prevalence using annual representative cross-sectional samples of the South Australian population, to project the increase of obesity using current trends, and to examine the increase in prevalence by generational assessment. Methods: Face-to-face interviews of representative population samples of people aged 18 years and over living in South Australia from 1991 to 1998 and again in 2001 and 2003. Information on height and weight was provided by participants, in order to calculate body mass index (BMI) as a measure of obesity. Results: The proportion of respondents classified as obese according to their self-reported body mass index (BMI ≥30 to <35) increased significantly from 8.7% in 1991 to 14.1% in 2003 (χ 2 trend=79.4, p<0.001). Severe obesity (BMI ≥35) increased significantly from 2.6% in 1991 to 5.3% in 2003 (χ 2 trend=50.4, p<0.001). Current prevalence trends indicate that by 2013, the self-reported prevalence of obesity in South Australian adults will be 27.8%, with the prevalence in males being 26.4% and in females, 29.3%. Secular obesity trends indicate that younger birth cohorts had the greatest percentage increases. Conclusions: Obesity has increased significantly between 1991 and 2003, and is increasing fastest among younger adults. Multifactorial interventions at all levels of the population are required to prevent overweight and obesity and promote weight maintenance, weight loss and address the health burden of obesity. KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - Australia KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - controlled study KW - disease severity KW - female KW - human KW - interview KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - weight reduction KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Interviews KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Sex Distribution KW - South Australia N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AZPHF C2 - 16222932 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dal Grande, E.; Population Research and Outcomes Studies Unit, Department of Health, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; email: eleonora.delgrande@health.sa.gov.au N1 - References: (2000) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , World Health Organization. Geneva (CHE): WHO; Mokdad, A., Serdula, M., Dietz, W., Bowman, B., The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998 (1999) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, pp. 1519-1522; Weisberg, S., Societal change to prevent obesity (2002) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 288, p. 2176; Field, A., Coakley, E., Must, A., Spadano, J., Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period (2001) Arch. Intern. Med., 161, pp. 1581-1586; (2001) National Cardiovascular Disease Database: Cardiovascular Risk Factor Report, , Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Canberra (Aust): AIHW; (1997) National Nutrition Survey: Selected Highlights 1995, , Australian Bureau of Statistics. Canberra (Aust): ABS; Cameron, A., Welborn, T., Zimmet, P., Dunstan, D., Overweight and obesity in Australia: The 1999-2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) (2003) Med. J. Aust., 178, pp. 427-432; (2003) Are All Australians Gaining Weight? Differentials in Overweight and Obesity Among Adults 1989-1990 to 2001, , Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Canberra (Aust): AIHW; Lahti-Koski, M., Jousilahti, P., Pietinen, P., Secular trends in body mass index by birth cohort in eastern Finland from 1972 to 1997 (2001) Int. J. Obes., 25, pp. 727-734; Juhaeri, S., Johnes, D.W., Arnett, D., Associations of aging and birth cohort with body mass in a biethnic cohort (2003) Obes. Res., 11, pp. 426-433; Jacobsen, B., Njolstad, I., Thune, I., Wilsgaard, T., Lochne, M.-L., Schirmer, H., Increase in weight in all birth cohorts in a general population. The Tromso Study, 1974-1994 (2001) Arch. Int. Med., 161, pp. 466-472; Jeffery, R., Public health strategies for obesity treatment and prevention (2001) Am. J. Health Behav., 25, pp. 252-259; Crawford, D., Population strategies to prevent obesity (2002) Br. Med. J., 325, pp. 728-729; Wilson, D., Wakefield, M., Taylor, A., The South Australian Health Omnibus Survey (1992) Health Promot. J. Aust., 2, pp. 47-49; (2002) The Health Omnibus Survey (HOS) Methodology - 2002-2004, , Population Research and Outcomes Studies Unit. Adelaide (Aust): Department of Human Services; Strauss, W., Howe, N., Generations in history (1996) The Fourth Turning, an American Prophecy, , http://www.fourthturning.com/my_html/body_generations_in_history.html, editors. [monograph on the Internet]. New York: Broadway Books; [cited 2004 August]. Available from; (1999) Humanities Social Studies; Seminar 5: Popular Culture, , http://www.mccsc.edu/~rcourtne/genres.htm, Jackson Creek Middle School [Generations Research page on the Internet]. Bloomington (IL): Monroe County Community School Corporation; [updated 2005 May 1; cited 2004 August]. 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Disord., 24, pp. 1111-1118; Engstrom, J., Paterson, S., Doherty, A., Trabulsi, M., Speer, K.L., Accuracy of self-reported height and weight in women: An integrative review of the literature (2003) J. Midwifery Womens Health, 48, pp. 338-345; Ball, K., Crawford, D., Ireland, P., Hodge, A., Patterns and demographic predictors of 5-year weight change in a multi-ethnic cohort of men and women in Australia (2003) Public Health Nutr., 6, pp. 269-281; Magarey, A., Daniels, L., Boulton, T., Cockington, R., Predicting obesity in early adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (2003) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 27, pp. 505-513; Lake, J., Power, C., Cole, T., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch. Dis. Child., 77, pp. 376-381; Booth, M., Wake, M., Armstrong, T., Chey, T., Epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-1997 (2001) Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health, 25, pp. 162-169; Cole, T., Bellizzi, M., Flegal, K., Dietz, W., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) Br. Med. J., 320, pp. 1-6; Timperio, A., Cameron-Smith, D., Burns, C., Crawford, D., The public's response to the obesity epidemic in Australia: Weight concerns and weight control practices of men and women (2000) Public Health Nutr., 3, pp. 417-424; (1997) Acting on Australia's Weight. A Strategic Plan for the Prevention of Over-weight and Obesity, , National Health and Medical Research Council. Canberra (Aust): NHMRC; (2003) Healthy Weight 2008 - Australia's Future, , National Obesity Taskforce. Canberra (Aust): Department of Health and Ageing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27944440132&partnerID=40&md5=a34aab73ea85b4f8b58c9d3b6c3ac3d6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early life predictors of childhood intelligence: Evidence from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s study T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 8 SP - 656 EP - 663 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2004.030205 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Batty, G.D. AU - Morton, S.M.B. AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Macintyre, S. AU - Ronalds, G. AU - Leon, D.A. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To identify the early life predictors of childhood intelligence. Design: Cohort study of 10 424 children who were born in Aberdeen (Scotland) between 1950 and 1956. Results: Social class of father around the time of birth, gravidity, maternal age, maternal physical condition, whether the child was born outside of marriage, prematurity, intrauterine growth, and childhood height were all independently associated with childhood intelligence at ages 7, 9, and 11. The effect of social class at birth was particularly pronounced, with a graded linear association across the distribution even with adjustment for all other covariates (p<0.001 for linear trend). Those from the lowest social class (V) had intelligence scores that were on average 0.9-1.0 of a standard deviation lower than those from the higher groups (I and II) at each of the three ages of intelligence testing. Collectively, the early life predictors that were examined explained 16% of the variation in intelligence at each age. Conclusions: Father's social class around the time of birth was an important predictor of childhood intelligence, even after adjustment for maternal characteristics and perinatal and childhood factors. Studies of the association of childhood intelligence with future adult disease need to ensure that the association is not fully explained by socioeconomic position. KW - educational attainment KW - social status KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - human KW - intelligence KW - intelligence test KW - male KW - maternal age KW - normal human KW - parity KW - prediction KW - preeclampsia KW - prematurity KW - prenatal growth KW - school child KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Intelligence KW - Male KW - Marital Status KW - Maternal Age KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Scotland KW - Sex Distribution KW - Social Class KW - Aberdeen [Aberdeen (UNA)] KW - Aberdeen [Scotland] KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Scotland KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :55 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 16020642 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Starr, J.M., Taylor, M.D., Hart, C.L., Childhood mental ability and blood pressure at midlife: Linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the Midspan studies (2004) J Hypertens, 22, pp. 893-897; Hart, C.L., Taylor, M.D., Davey Smith, G., Childhood IQ, social class, deprivation, and their relationships with mortality and morbidity risk in later life: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the midspan studies (2003) Psychosom Med, 65, pp. 877-883; Osier, M., Andersen, A.M., Due, P., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686. , Correction appears in J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:995; Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76 (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 819; Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 408-413; Batty, G.D., Deary, I.J., Early life intelligence and adult health. Emerging associations, plausible mechanisms, and public health importance (2004) BMJ, 329, pp. 585-586; Taylor, M.D., Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Childhood mental ability and smoking cessation in adulthood: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the midspan studies (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 464-465; Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children (2003) Psychol Sci, 14, pp. 623-628; Turkheimer, E., Individual and group differences in adoption studies of IQ (1991) Psychol Bull, 110, pp. 392-405; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychol Bull, 130, pp. 989-1013; Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H., Deldotto, J., Low birth weight and neurocognitive status at six years of age (1996) Biol Psychiatry, 40, pp. 389-397; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population basea study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish mental survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Childhood, 85, pp. 189-197; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, p. 305; Gordon, M., Crouthamel, C., Post, E.M., Psychosocial aspects of constitutional short stature: Social competence, behavior problems, self-esteem, and family functioning (1982) J Pediatr, 101, pp. 477-480; Stabler, B., Clopper, R.R., Siegel, P.T., Academic achievement and psychological adjustment in short children. The national cooperative growth study (1994) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 15, pp. 1-6; Stathis, S.L., O'Callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M., Behavioural and cognitive associations of short stature at 5 years (1999) Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 35, pp. 562-567; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 342-348; Boardman, J.D., Powers, D.A., Padilla, Y.C., Low birth weight, social factors, and developmental outcomes among children in the United States (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 353-368; O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G.M., Andersen, M.J., Social and biological risk factors for mild and borderline impairment of language comprehension in a cohort of five-year-old children (1995) Dev Med Child Neurol, 37, pp. 1051-1061; McLoyd, V.C., Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development (1998) Am Psychol, 53, pp. 185-204; Gomez-Sanchiz, M., Canete, R., Rodero, I., Influence of breast-feeding on mental and psychomotor development (2003) Clin Pediatr, 42, pp. 35-42; Guo, G., Harris, K.M., The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 431-447; Rowe, D.C., Jacobson, K.C., Van Den Oord, E.J., Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ: Parental education level as moderator (1999) Child Dev, 70, pp. 1151-1202; Batty, G.D., Morton, S.M.B., Campbell, D., The Aberdeen children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods, and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life-course and intergenerational effects on health (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18, pp. 221-239; Illsley, R., Wilson, F., Longitudinal studies in Aberdeen, Scotland. C. The Aberdeen child development survey (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research. An Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 66-68. , Mednick S, Baert A, Bachmann B, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Birch, H.G., Richardson, S.A., Baird, D., (1970) Mental Subnormality in the Community: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Study, , Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; (1951) Classification of Occupations 1950, , London: General Registrar Office; Royston, P., Multiple imputation of missing values (2004) Stata Journal, 4, pp. 227-241; Korenman, S., Miller, J., Sjaastad, J., Long-term poverty and child development in the United States: Results from the NLSY (1995) Children and Youth Services Review, 17, pp. 127-155; Flamin, R., Craig, I., Genetics, environment and cognitive abilities: Review and work in progress towards a genome scan for quantitative trait locus associations using DNA pooling (2001) Br J Psychiatry Suppl, 40, pp. s41-8; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Is there a sex difference in the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure in later life? Findings from a meta-regression analysis (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 156, pp. 1100-1104; Mackenzie, H., (1953) The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. The City of Aberdeen, , Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Thomson, B., Hewitt, A., Skipper, D., (1985) Having a First Baby-experiences in 1951 and 1985 Compared: Two Social, Obstetric and Dietary Studies of Married Primigraviddae in Aberdeen, , Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press; Hofferth, S.L., Smith, J., McLoyd, V.C., Achievement and behavior among children of welfare recipients, welfare leavers, and low-income single mothers (2000) Journal of Social Issues, 56, pp. 747-774 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23144442024&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.030205&partnerID=40&md5=d6f95de6b497e432c3ba5bb5a9103c29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of short stature on the change in pulse pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure from age 36 to 53 years: An analysis using multilevel models T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 905 EP - 913 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyi071 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Langenberg, C. AU - Hardy, R. AU - Breeze, E. AU - Kuh, D. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States AB - Background: Previous cross-sectional analyses of this cohort have shown that short height and leg length are associated with higher pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure in middle age. It is unclear how these adult measures of childhood growth influence the change in blood pressure as it increases with age. Methods: Multilevel models were fitted to investigate associations between components of height and the change in blood pressure between 36, 43, and 53 years in a prospective national cohort of 1472 men and 1563 women followed-up since birth in 1946. Results. Shorter height and leg length, but not trunk length, were associated with higher blood pressure, similarly in men and women. Longitudinal analyses showed that the effects of both height and leg length on pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure became significantly stronger with age. For example, the change in systolic blood pressure was found to be -0.021 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -0.029 to -0.013) per year lower for every centimetre increase in leg length (P ≤ 0.001). In other words, the increase in systolic blood pressure over a 10 year period of a participant whose legs were 10 centimetres shorter was 2.1 mm Hg higher (P ≤ 0.001), compared with a taller participant. Associations were independent of a number of potential confounders. Conclusions. These results support the hypothesis that short people may be more susceptible to the effects of ageing on the arterial tree. Childhood growth may contribute to the tracking of cardiovascular risk throughout life. © The Author 2005; all rights reserved. KW - Blood pressure KW - Body height KW - Cohort study KW - Growth KW - Pulse pressure KW - hypertension KW - adult KW - aging KW - article KW - body height KW - cardiovascular risk KW - child growth KW - childbirth KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - diastolic blood pressure KW - disease predisposition KW - female KW - follow up KW - groups by age KW - human KW - hypertension KW - leg length KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - pulse pressure KW - sex difference KW - short stature KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - systolic blood pressure KW - trunk KW - Adult KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Height KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Diastole KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Leg KW - Linear Models KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prospective Studies KW - Pulse KW - Risk Factors KW - Systole N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15833796 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Langenberg, C.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: c.langenberg@ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Berenson, G.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Newman III, W.P., Tracy, R.E., Wattigney, W.A., Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. 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Med., 151, pp. 1017-1023 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26444585608&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyi071&partnerID=40&md5=b52b1614adb2c7ebbf1d4875a9b42eef ER - TY - JOUR TI - Young fatherhood and subsequent disadvantage in the United Kingdom T2 - Journal of Marriage and Family J2 - J. Marriage Fam. VL - 67 IS - 3 SP - 735 EP - 753 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00166.x SN - 00222445 (ISSN) AU - Sigle-Rushton, W. AD - London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - Although there has been increasing attention to the importance of fathers and their relationships with their children, few studies have examined young parenthood and its consequences for fathers' life chances. In recent years, this has begun to change, and research is examining, to a far greater extent, the experiences of young fathers. Using data from a cohort of British men born in 1970, this paper uses a propensity score-matching technique to compare the well-being of 344 men who reported becoming fathers before the age of 22 with men from similar backgrounds who did not. The findings suggest that selection into young fatherhood is substantial but, for some outcomes, significant differences remain. KW - British cohort study KW - Fatherhood KW - Propensity score matching N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JMFAA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sigle-Rushton, W.; London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom; email: w.siglerushton@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Becker, S.O., Ichino, A., Estimation of average treatment effects based on propensity scores (2002) Stata Journal, 2, pp. 358-377; Boheim, R., Ermisch, J., Partnership dissolution in the UK: The role of economic circumstances (2001) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 63, pp. 197-208; Brien, M.J., Willis, R.J., Costs and consequences for the fathers (1997) Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, pp. 95-143. , R. A. Maynard (Ed.). 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The marital and cohabitation histories of unwed mothers (2001) Out of Wedlock: Causes and Consequences of Nonmarital Childbearing, pp. 317-343. , L. L. Wu & B. Wolfe (Eds.). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Michael, R.T., Tuma, N.B., Entry in marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background (1985) Demography, 22, pp. 515-544; Moore, K.A., Morrison, D.R., Greene, A.D., Effects on the children born to adolescent mothers (1997) Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, pp. 145-180. , R. A. Maynard (Ed.). 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London: ESRC Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Smith, H.L., Matching with multiple controls to estimate treatment effects in observational studies (1997) Sociological Methodology, 27, pp. 325-353; Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Wei, E.H., The precursors of young fatherhood and its effect on delinquency of teenage males (1998) Journal of Adolescent Health, 22, pp. 56-65; Thornberry, T.P., Smith, C.A., Howard, G.G., Risk factors for teenage fatherhood (1997) Journal of Marriage and Family, 59, pp. 505-522; Tzeng, J.M., Mare, R.D., Labor market and socioeconomic effects on marital stability (1995) Social Science Research, 24, pp. 329-351; Wright, B.R.E., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Low self-control, social bonds, and crime: Social causation, social selection, or both? (1999) Criminology, 37, pp. 479-514 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32144455367&doi=10.1111%2fj.1741-3737.2005.00166.x&partnerID=40&md5=42008fab7d14800dcdfc1fdd2a9ba466 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal weight status modulates the effects of restriction on daughters' eating and weight T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 8 SP - 942 EP - 949 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802935 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Francis, L.A. AU - Birch, L.L. AD - Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States AD - Department of Human Development and Family Studies, S-110 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of overweight and normal-weight mothers' restriction in child feeding on daughters' eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) and body mass index (BMI) change from age 5 to age 9 y. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of the health and development of young girls. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 overweight and 80 normal-weight mothers and their daughters, assessed when daughters were ages 5, 7, and 9 y. MEASUREMENTS: Measures included maternal restriction of daughters' intake at age 5 y, and daughters' EAH and BMI change from age 5 to 9 y. RESULTS: There were no overall differences in the level of restriction that overweight and normal-weight mothers used. However, overweight mothers' restrictive feeding practices when daughters were age 5 y predicted daughters' EAH over time, and higher EAH scores were associated with greater BMI change from age 5 to 9 y. These relationships did not hold for daughters of normal-weight mothers. CONCLUSION: More adverse effects of restriction on daughters' EAH, and links between EAH and BMI change were only noted among daughters of overweight mothers. These findings highlight the need for a better understanding of factors that contribute to within-group variation in eating behavior and weight status. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Children KW - Eating style KW - Energy balance KW - Gene-environment KW - Parents KW - article KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child nutrition KW - eating habit KW - energy balance KW - feeding behavior KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - hunger KW - longitudinal study KW - maternal weight KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Hunger KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Maternal Behavior KW - Models, Psychological KW - Nuclear Family KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :92 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15782227 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Francis, L.A.; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, S-110 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; email: laf169@psu.edu N1 - References: Maes, H.H., Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 325-351; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Sorensen, T.I., Stunkard, A.J., Does obesity run in families because of genes? 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Pike, K.M., Rodin, J., Mothers, daughters, and disordered eating (1991) J Abnorm Psychol, 100, pp. 198-204 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23044477138&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802935&partnerID=40&md5=13501499444100c06a1f4a3eed011450 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What are the effects of ability grouping on GCSE attainment? T2 - British Educational Research Journal J2 - Br. Educ. Res. J. VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 443 EP - 458 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/01411920500148663 SN - 01411926 (ISSN) AU - Ireson, J. AU - Hallam, S. AU - Hurley, C. AD - Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom AD - School of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H OAA, United Kingdom AB - The use of ability grouping is frequently justified on the grounds that it is an effective means of raising attainment. Little large-scale quantitative research has been undertaken since the introduction of the National Curriculum in England and Wales. The aim of this article is to examine the effects of setting on students' achievement in English, mathematics and science General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations. Data were collected from a cohort of over 6000 Year 9 students in 45 mixed secondary comprehensive schools who were followed up in Year 11 when they sat GCSE examinations. Multilevel modelling was used to estimate the effect of setting on GCSE attainment, taking account of prior attainment, social disadvantage, gender and attendance. There were no significant effects of setting in English, mathematics or science. Effects on higher and lower attaining students were not consistent in the three subjects. Socially disadvantaged students achieved significantly lower grades and girls achieved higher grades than boys, especially in English. In all three subjects, students of similar ability achieved higher GCSE grades when they were placed in higher sets. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2005 British Educational Research Association. N1 - Cited By :48 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ireson, J.; School of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H OAA, United Kingdom; email: j.ireson@ioe.ac.uk N1 - References: Argys, L., Rees, D.I., Brewer, D.J., Detracking America's schools: Equity at zero cost? (1996) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 15 (4), pp. 623-645; Barker Lunn, J.C., (1970) Streaming in the Primary School, , Slough, National Foundcation for Educational Research; Fogelman, K., Ability grouping in the secondary school (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, Papers from the National Child Development Study, , K. Fogelman (Ed.) 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Desforges & R. Fox (Eds) Oxford, Blackwell; Slavin, R.E., Achievement effects of ability grouping in secondary schools: A best evidence synthesis (1990) Review of Educational Research, 60, pp. 471-490 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22544475361&doi=10.1080%2f01411920500148663&partnerID=40&md5=62fd89b6266659a44b3fcdbb9e1cad30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lateralization of verbal ability in pre-psychotic children T2 - Psychiatry Research J2 - Psychiatry Res. VL - 136 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 42 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.020 SN - 01651781 (ISSN) AU - Leask, S.J. AU - Crow, T.J. AD - Nottingham University, Department of Psychiatry, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham, NG3 6AA, United Kingdom AD - Oxford University, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom AB - Deficits in lateralization have been reported in handedness, language and anatomical asymmetry in schizophrenia, but the relationship between these anomalies has been unclear. Extending earlier work demonstrating that degrees of lateralization are related to verbal ability in the general population, we here investigate the relationship in children who later developed psychosis. Using data from a box-marking test and an index of receptive verbal ability in the UK National Child Development study, we constructed three-dimensional plots of verbal ability in relation to left- and right-hand skill at the age of 11 years, and compared the performance of 34 children who by age 28 had developed schizophrenia and 21 who had developed affective psychosis with 12,782 in the total population. In the total population, verbal skill is decreased in those who are close to the L=R line. Children premorbid for schizophrenia are less lateralized and their verbal skill is lower than predicted by their hand skill, with a similar trend in children premorbid for affective psychosis. Thus pre-psychotic children deviate from the general population in the trajectory of lateralization of words. The findings are consistent with the concept that in psychosis at some critical stage in development there is a failure of lateralization of the components of language. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Laterality KW - Psychosis KW - Schizophrenia KW - Verbal ability KW - age distribution KW - article KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - disease course KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - morbidity KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - psychosis KW - school child KW - verbal behavior KW - Adult KW - Brain KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Functional Laterality KW - Humans KW - Language KW - Male KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Schizophrenia KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Verbal Behavior N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSRSD C2 - 16019081 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leask, S.J.; Nottingham University, Department of Psychiatry, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham, NG3 6AA, United Kingdom; email: stuart.leask@nottingham.ac.uk N1 - References: Annett, M., (2002) Handedness and Brain Asymmetry: The Right Shift Theory, , Psychology Press Hove, Sussex; Bickerton, D., (1990) Language and Species, , University of Chicago Press Chicago; Broca, P., Remarques sur la siège de la faculté du langue articulé, suivies d'une observation d'aphémie (1861) Bulletin de la Société Anatomique de Paris (2nd Series), 6, pp. 330-357; Bullmore, E., Brammer, M., Harvey, I., Ron, M., Against the laterality index as a measure of cerebral asymmetry (1995) Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 61, pp. 121-124; Buxhoeveden, D.P., Switala, A.E., Roy, E., Litaker, M., Casanova, M.F., Lateralization of minicolumns in human planum temporale is absent in nonhuman primate cortex (2001) Brain Behavior and Evolution, 57, pp. 349-358; Chaika, E., (1990) Understanding Psychotic Speech: Beyond Freud and Chomsky, , Charles C Thomas, Publisher Springfield, IL; Chomsky, N., (1985) Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin and Use, , Praeger New York; Crichton-Browne, J., On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane (1879) Brain, 2, pp. 42-67; Crow, T.J., Temporal lobe asymmetries as the key to the etiology of schizophrenia (1990) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 16, pp. 433-443; Crow, T.J., Is schizophrenia the price that Homo sapiens pays for language? 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Re-published JE Bogen and J Simon UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22744445157&doi=10.1016%2fj.psychres.2004.06.020&partnerID=40&md5=060e263a1bc9985f74c8f0f1137c735c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating the effect of education on earnings: Models, methods and results from the national child development survey T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society J2 - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc. VL - 168 IS - 3 SP - 473 EP - 512 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2004.00360.x SN - 09641998 (ISSN) AU - Blundell, R. AU - Dearden, L. AU - Sianesi, B. AD - University College London, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, 7 Ridgmount Street, London, WC1E 7AE, United Kingdom AB - Regression, matching, control function and instrumental variables methods for recovering the effect of education on individual earnings are reviewed for single treatments and sequential multiple treatments with and without heterogeneous returns. The sensitivity of the estimates once applied to a common data set is then explored. We show the importance of correcting for detailed test score and family background differences and of allowing for (observable) heterogeneity in returns. We find an average return of 27% for those completing higher education versus anything less. Compared with stopping at 16 years of age without qualifications, we find an average return to O-levels of 18%, to A-levels of 24% and to higher education of 48%. © 2005 Royal Statistical Society. KW - Control function KW - Evaluation KW - Heterogeneity KW - Instrument variables KW - Matching KW - Multiple treatments KW - Non-experimental methods KW - Propensity score KW - Returns to education KW - Selection N1 - Cited By :125 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sianesi, B.; Institute for Fiscal Studies, 7 Ridgmount Street, London, WC1E 7AE, United Kingdom; email: barbara_s@ifs.org.uk N1 - References: Abadie, A., Imbens, G., (2002) Simple and Bias-corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects, , Mimeo. 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Econometr., 125, pp. 305-353; Staiger, D., Stock, J.H., Instrumental variables regressions with weak instruments (1997) Econometrica, 65, pp. 557-586; Wooldridge, J., On two stage least squares estimation of the average treatment effect in a random coefficient model (1997) Econ. Lett., 56, pp. 129-133; Zhao, Z., Using matching to estimate treatment effects: Data requirements, matching metrics, and Monte Carlo evidence (2004) Rev. Econ. Statist., 86, pp. 91-107 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21244467561&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-985X.2004.00360.x&partnerID=40&md5=cec462d801ed6225ce6c8c0d2be59ac0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of the childhood family structure measures from the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society J2 - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc. VL - 168 IS - 3 SP - 539 EP - 566 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2005.00362.x SN - 09641998 (ISSN) AU - Francesconi, M. AD - University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom AD - Department of Economics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AB - The paper performs an evaluation of the data that were collected in the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) on childhood family structure. After comparing such data with a large number of studies by using external sources, we find that the BHPS data over-estimate the proportion of people who report an experience of life in a non-intact family during childhood by about 10%. Although an explanation based on recall error that deteriorates with the age of the BHPS respondents is possible, the overestimation is likely to be accounted for by non-ignorable attrition that may affect most of the comparison studies based on longitudinal data. Conversely, comparisons with other independent measurements from the BHPS itself reveal that the wave 6 data underestimate the proportion of young people who have lived at least part of their childhood in a non-intact family by about 8%. The probability of disagreement between these two sets of measures is strongly associated with poor interview characteristics, which may affect the comparison measure more than the wave 6 measure. Despite such differences, there is therefore a substantial degree of similarity between the family structure information that was collected in the sixth wave of the BHPS and the host of highly diverse records against which it has been compared. © 2005 Royal Statistical Society. KW - Childhood family structure KW - Intergenerational links KW - Interviewer effects KW - Recall error KW - Retrospective data N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Francesconi, M.; Department of Economics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email: mfranc@essex.ac.uk N1 - References: Antecol, H., Bedard, K., Does single parenthood increase the probability of teenage promiscuity, substance use and crime? (2003) Mimeo, , Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara; Biemer, P.B., Groves, R.M., Lyberg, L.E., Mathiowetz, N.A., Sudman, S., (1991) Measurement Errors in Surveys, , New York: Wiley; Cannell, C.F., Henson, R., Incentives, motives, and response bias (1974) Ann. Econ. 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Commty Hlth, 37, pp. 100-104; Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B., Butler, N., The influence of family type on children's behaviour and development at five years (1985) J. Chid Psychol. Psychiatr., 26, pp. 245-254; Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain: Results from the 2000 General Household Survey, , London: Stationery Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21244505075&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-985X.2005.00362.x&partnerID=40&md5=accac66ad4078b223e93afad65cb39c0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An intergenerational and lifecourse study of health and mortality risk in parents of the 1958 birth cohort: (II) mortality rates and study representativeness T2 - Public Health J2 - Public Health VL - 119 IS - 7 SP - 608 EP - 615 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.11.002 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Davey Smith, G. AU - Shepherd, P. AU - Power, C. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. We recently traced and flagged parents for the participants in the National Child Development Survey (NCDS, 1958 cohort). This paper evaluates the representativeness of the study population and assesses our success in identifying the biological parents. Study design. Intergenerational cohort study. Methods. Parents for participants in the NCDS (born 1 week in March 1958) were traced and flagged for mortality follow-up (14 334 fathers, 15 076 mothers). Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated using data from England, Scotland and Wales during corresponding time periods. Results. By 31 December 2003, 6808 fathers and 4148 mothers (born 1890-1943) had died (569 918 and 645 354 years of follow-up, respectively). The overall mortality rate in this parent population was lower compared with the age-, gender-, period- and area-standardized reference rates (SMRs of 83 for fathers and 86 for mothers). Mortality rates for biological parents were higher if cohort members had had non-biological parent figures during the childhood surveys (SMRs of 135 for fathers and 374 for mothers). Parental smoking (in 1974) was strongly associated with lung cancer mortality among biological parents [HR 6.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 4.6-8.1 for fathers; HR 15.0, 95% CI 9.7-23 for mothers) but not among non-biological parents (HR 2.0, 95% CI 0.8-5.5; HR 1.8, 95% CI 0.4-7.9, respectively) which demonstrates that the tracing of the biological parents had been successful. Conclusions. Mortality is markedly reduced in a cohort of parents compared with the general population. The validity of identification of biological parents is demonstrated by the strong association between smoking and lung cancer. © The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Cohort study KW - Intergenerational KW - Lifecourse epidemiology KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - Smoking KW - cancer KW - epidemiology KW - mortality risk KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - death KW - disease association KW - family study KW - female KW - follow up KW - health status KW - human KW - lifespan KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - parent KW - parentage analysis KW - parental behavior KW - population research KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Family Health KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Mothers KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Population Surveillance KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Registries KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Scotland KW - Smoking KW - Wales KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 15925676 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hyppönen, E.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: e.hypponen@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Shepherd, P., Power, C., An intergenerational and lifecourse study of health and mortality risk in parents of the 1958 birth cohort: (I) methods and tracing (2005) Public Health, , this issue, doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.11.003; Pembrey, M., Imprinting and transgenerational modulation of gene expression; human growth as a model (1996) Acta Med. Scand., 45, pp. 111-125; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Ferrell, C., Upton, M., Hole, D., Hawthorne, V., Watt, G., Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1189-1193; Rose, G., Familial patterns in ischaemic heart disease (1964) Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 18, pp. 75-80; Hammond, E.C., Garfinkel, L., Seidman, H., Longevity of parents and grandparents in relation to coronary heart disease and associated variables (1971) Circulation, 43, pp. 31-44; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 45-60; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., Davey Smith, G., Parental growth at different life stages and offspring birthweight - An intergenerational cohort study (2004) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 168-177; Green, A., Beral, V., Moser, K., Mortality in women in relation to their childbearing history (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 391-395; Kotler, P., Wingard, D.L., The effect of occupational, marital and parental roles on mortality: The Alameda County Study (1989) Am. J. Public Health, 79, pp. 607-612; Elstad, J.I., Inequalities in health related to women's marital, parental, and employment status - A comparison between the early 70s and the late 80s, Norway (1996) Soc. Sci. Med., 42, pp. 75-89; Manor, O., Eisenbach, Z., Israeli, A., Friedlander, Y., Mortality differentials among women: The Israel Longitudinal Mortality Study (2000) Soc. Sci. Med., 51, pp. 1175-1188; Ronsmans, C., Khlat, M., Kodio, B., Ba, M., De Bernis, L., Etard, J., Evidence for a healthy pregnant woman effect in Niakhar, Senegal? (2001) Int. J. Epidemiol., 30, pp. 467-473; Ringback, W.G., Burstrom, B., Rosen, M., Premature mortality among lone fathers and childless men (2004) Soc. Sci. Med., 59, pp. 1449-1459; Deaths: Age and sex, numbers and rates, 1976 onwards (2004), http://www.statistics.gov.uk, Office of National Statistics. Health Statistics Quarterly 17. (England and Wales) (HSQ1761) Last accessed 8 March; Historic mortality tables-1837 to latest year (2004), Office of National Statistics Last accessed 8 March; Fogelman, K., Growing up in Great Britain London (1983), London: Macmillan; Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., Sutherland, I., Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors (2004) BMJ, 328, p. 1519; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , editor National Children's Bureau London; National Child Development Study. Composite file including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five (1994), [computer file]. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. SN: 3148. The Data Archive [distributor] Colchester, Essex; Muller, H.G., Chiou, J.M., Carey, J.R., Wang, J.L., Fertility and life span: Late children enhance female longevity (2002) J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 57, pp. B202-B206; Armitage, B., Babb, P., Population review: (4). Trends in fertility (1996) Popul. Trends, pp. 7-13; Power, C., Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Socio-economic position in childhood and in early adult life and mortality in women: Prospective study of mothers of the 1958 British birth cohort (2005) Am. J. Public Health, , in press; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Assortative mating in a contemporary British population (1987) Ann. Hum. Biol., 14, pp. 59-68; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., Intergenerational studies of human birth weight from the 1958 birth cohort. 1. Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Power, C., Effects of grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy on birth weight: Intergenerational cohort study (2003) BMJ, 327, p. 898; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., An intergenerational study of birth weight: Investigating the birth order effect (2004) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 111, pp. 377-379 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19744368622&doi=10.1016%2fj.puhe.2004.11.002&partnerID=40&md5=f0403ce0d350bfda7d114665afcb82c9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An intergenerational and lifecourse study of health and mortality risk in parents of the 1958 birth cohort: (I) methods and tracing T2 - Public Health J2 - Public Health VL - 119 IS - 7 SP - 599 EP - 607 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.11.003 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Davey Smith, G. AU - Shepherd, P. AU - Power, C. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. This paper describes the methods used to obtain information on mortality and cancer registrations for the parents of the British 1958 birth cohort, in order to create a dataset that can be used to examine intergenerational relationships on health and growth. Study design. Intergenerational cohort study. Methods. The 1958 cohort includes all births occurring during 1 week in March 1958 in England, Scotland and Wales. For more than four decades of follow-up, information has been collected on cohort members, their parents and children. Information on the National Health Service (NHS) numbers of the parents was not available, but other details were collated for the Office for National Statistics to trace and flag the biological parents of the cohort members. Results. Tracing was successful in 90.2% of fathers (n= 14,334) and 94.9% of mothers (n=15,076). The greatest success was achieved for parents in families where there was no indication for additional mother or father figures until the child was 16 years old (96.6% of the mothers traced, n=14,274; 94.3% of the fathers traced, n=13,256). Tracing rates were lower than average in unmarried mothers (59%) and for the small group who were separated, widowed or divorced in 1958 (81%); the rates were particularly poor for the corresponding fathers (24.4 and 54.7%, respectively). There were only small variations in tracing rates between different regions of Britain. Conclusions. The tracing rates achieved were generally very high despite the lack of NHS number, especially where there was family stability throughout the childhood of cohort members. Parental status will need to be considered in future studies. With the high tracing rates achieved, the dataset provides an important resource with which to evaluate multigenerational associations with health and development in parents, their offspring and grandchildren. © 2005 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Cohort study KW - Intergenerational KW - Lifecourse epidemiology KW - Tracing KW - epidemiology KW - health risk KW - mortality risk KW - adult KW - article KW - biostatistics KW - cancer registry KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease predisposition KW - divorce KW - family life KW - family study KW - female KW - follow up KW - health status KW - heredity KW - human KW - information processing KW - lifespan KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - marriage KW - mortality KW - national health service KW - parent KW - progeny KW - questionnaire KW - risk assessment KW - United Kingdom KW - widow KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Family Health KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Mothers KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Population Surveillance KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Questionnaires KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Scotland KW - Wales KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 15925675 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hyppönen, E.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: e.hypponen@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Rose, G., Familial patterns in ischaemic heart disease (1964) Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 18, pp. 75-80; Hammond, E.C., Garfinkel, L., Seidman, H., Longevity of parents and grandparents in relation to coronary heart disease and associated variables (1971) Circulation, 43, pp. 31-44; Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: Ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 897-900; Pembrey, M., Imprinting and transgenerational modulation of gene expression; human growth as a model (1996) Acta Med. Scand., 45, pp. 111-125; Barker, D., (1998) Mothers, Babies, and Health in Later Life, , London: Churchill Livingstone; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of Ill Health from Early to Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Milne, B.J., Thomson, W.M., Taylor, A., Sears, M.R., Association between children's experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: A life-course study (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1640-1645; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Ferrell, C., Upton, M., Hole, D., Hawthorne, V., Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1189-1193; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Power, C., Parental diabetes and birth weight of offspring: Intergenerational cohort study (2003) BMJ, 326, pp. 19-20; Davey, S.G., Sterne, J.A., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Birth characteristics of offspring and parental diabetes: Evidence for the fetal insulin hypothesis (2004) J. 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SN: 3148. The Data Archive [distributor]. Colchester, Essex; National Child Development Study. Sixth Follow-up, NCDS6 (1999/2000) (2002), http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. Last accessed 23/09/2003. London; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National child development study (1992) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 6, pp. 81-110; Power, C., Li, L., Cohort study of birthweight, mortality, and disability (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 840-841; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Are inequalities in height narrowing? Comparing effects of social class on height in two generations (2004) Arch. Dis. Child, 89, pp. 1018-1023; Li, L., Power, C., Influences on childhood growth: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Int. J. Epidemiol., 33, pp. 1320-1328; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., Davey Smith, G., Parental growth at different life stages and offspring birthweight - An intergenerational cohort study (2004) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 168-177; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., Intergenerational studies of human birth weight from the 1958 birth cohort 1. evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome I. birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 45-60; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., An intergenerational study of birth weight: Investigating the birth order effect (2004) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 111, pp. 377-379; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Power, C., Effects of grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy on birth weight: Intergenerational cohort study (2003) BMJ, 327, p. 898 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19744373784&doi=10.1016%2fj.puhe.2004.11.003&partnerID=40&md5=f3d77d74b637d090781fb64261ea2a8c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breastfeeding and risk of schizophrenia in the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort T2 - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica J2 - Acta Psychiatr. Scand. VL - 112 IS - 1 SP - 26 EP - 29 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00548.x SN - 0001690X (ISSN) AU - Sørensen, H.J. AU - Mortensen, E.L. AU - Reinisch, J.M. AU - Mednick, S.A. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Amager Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Institute of Preventive Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States AD - R2 Science Communications, Inc., Bloomington, IN, United States AD - Social Science Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States AD - Department of Health Psychology, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark AB - Objective: The aim was to study whether early weaning from breastfeeding may be associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. Method: The current sample comprises 6841 individuals from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort of whom 1671 (24%) had been breastfed for 2 weeks or less (early weaning) and 5170 (76%) had been breastfed longer. Maternal schizophrenia, parental social status, single mother status and gender were included as covariates in a multiple regression analysis of the effect of early weaning on the risk of hospitalization with schizophrenia. Results: The sample comprised 93 cases of schizophrenia (1.4%). Maternal schizophrenia was the strongest risk factor and a significant association between single mother status and elevated offspring risk of schizophrenia was also observed. Early weaning was significantly related to later schizophrenia in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses (adjusted odds ratio 1.73 with 95% CI: 1.13-2.67). Conclusion: No or < 2 weeks of breastfeeding was associated with elevated risk of schizophrenia. The hypothesis of some protective effect of breastfeeding against the risk of later schizophrenia is supported by our data. © 2005 Blackwell Munksgaard. KW - Breastfeeding KW - Schizophrenia KW - Single parent KW - Weaning KW - adult KW - article KW - breast feeding KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - Denmark KW - female KW - gender KW - hospitalization KW - human KW - interview KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal disease KW - multiple regression KW - newborn KW - perinatal period KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - single parent KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - weaning KW - Adult KW - Breast Feeding KW - Catchment Area (Health) KW - Cohort Studies KW - Denmark KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Sex Factors KW - Single Parent KW - Social Class KW - Weaning N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APYSA C2 - 15952942 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sørensen, H.J.; Department of Psychiatry, Amager Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark N1 - References: Anderson, J.W., Johnstone, B.M., Remley, D.T., Breast-feeding and cognitive development: A meta-analysis (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 525-535; Golding, J., Rogers, I.S., Emmett, P.M., Association between breastfeeding, child development and behaviour (1997) Early Hum Dev, 49 (SUPPL.), pp. S175-S184; Mortensen, E.L., Michaelsen, K.F., Sanders, S.A., Reinisch, J.M., The association between duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence (2002) JAMA, 287, pp. 2365-2371; Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., Sacker, A., Childhood precursors of psychosis as clues to its evolutionary origins (1995) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 245, pp. 61-69; Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R., Marmot, M., Child development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; McCreadie, R.G., The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. 16. Breast-feeding and schizophrenia: Preliminary results and hypotheses (1997) Br J Psychiatry, 170, pp. 334-337; Peet, M., Poole, J., Laugharne, J., Infant feeding and the development of schizophrenia (1997) Schizophr Res, 24, pp. 255-256; Leask, S.J., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Richards, M., Jones, P.B., No association between breast-feeding and adult psychosis in two national birth cohorts (2000) Br J Psychiatry, 177, pp. 218-221; Amore, M., Balista, C., McCreadie, R.G., Can breastfeeding protect against schizophrenia? (2003) Biol Neonate, 83, pp. 97-101; Sasaki, T., Okazaki, Y., Akaho, R., Type of feeding during infancy and later development of schizophrenia (2000) Schizophr Res, 42, pp. 79-82; Done, J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey Sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Zachau-Christiansen, B., Ross, E.M., (1975) Babies: Human Development during the First Year, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; Reinisch, J.M., Mortensen, E.L., Sanders, S.A., The prenatal development project (1993) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 370, pp. 54-61; Munk-JØrgensen, P., Mortensen, P.B., The Danish Psychiatric Central Register (1997) Dan Med Bull, 44, pp. 82-84; (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Geneva: World Health Organisation; (1993) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, , Geneva: World Health Organization; Sørensen, H.J., Mortensen, E.L., Reinisch, J.M., Mednick, S.A., Association between prenatal exposure to analgesics and risk of schizophrenia (2004) Br J Psychiatry, 185, pp. 366-371; Mortensen, P.B., Eaton, W.W., Predictors for readmission risk in schizophrenia (1994) Psychol Med, 24, pp. 223-232; Mortensen, P.B., Pedersen, C.B., Westergaard, T., Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia (1999) N Engl J Med, 340, pp. 603-608 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21044445062&doi=10.1111%2fj.1600-0447.2005.00548.x&partnerID=40&md5=d7f1ac5ad13a6d3338b30a451b37e659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational health disparities: Socioeconomic status, women's health conditions, and child behavior problems T2 - Public Health Reports J2 - Public Health Rep. VL - 120 IS - 4 SP - 399 EP - 408 PY - 2005 SN - 00333549 (ISSN) AU - Kahn, R.S. AU - Wilson, K. AU - Wise, P.H. AD - Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States AD - Department of Economics, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States AD - Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States AD - Center for Health Policy, Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States AD - Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML 7035, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States AB - Objective. Relatively little is known about the intergenerational mechanisms that lead to social disparities in child health. We examined whether the association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and child behavior problems is mediated by maternal health conditions and behavior. Methods. Prospective cohort data (1979-1998) on 2,677 children and their mothers were obtained from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. SES, the Child Behavior Problems Index (BPI), and maternal smoking, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use before, during, and after pregnancy were examined. Results. Lower income and lower maternal education were associated with increased child BPI scores. Adjustment for maternal smoking, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use attenuated the associations between SES and child BPI by 26% to 49%. These maternal health conditions often occurred together, persisted over time, and were associated with the mother's own childhood SES and pre-pregnancy health. Conclusions. Social disparities in women's health conditions may help shape the likelihood of behavior problems in the subsequent generation. Improved public health programs and services for disadvantaged women across the lifecourse may not only address their own urgent health needs, but reduce social disparities in the health and well-being of their children. ©2005 Association of Schools of Public Health. KW - adjustment KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - alcohol consumption KW - alcoholism KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child KW - child health KW - depression KW - education KW - female KW - health behavior KW - health program KW - health service KW - health survey KW - human KW - income KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal behavior KW - maternal welfare KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - puerperium KW - scoring system KW - smoking KW - social problem KW - social status KW - wellbeing KW - behavior disorder KW - classification KW - depression KW - educational status KW - human relation KW - longitudinal study KW - maternal age KW - maternal welfare KW - poverty KW - preschool child KW - smoking KW - social class KW - statistical model KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child, Preschool KW - Depression KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intergenerational Relations KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Maternal Welfare KW - Poverty KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PHRPA C2 - 16025720 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kahn, R.S.; Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML 7035, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States; email: robert.kahn@cchmc.org N1 - References: Halfon, N., Hochstein, M., Life course health development: An integrated framework for developing health, policy, and research (2002) Milbank Q, 80, pp. 433-479; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Why do poor people hehave poorly? 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Summary: FamilyCare Act of 2001, , http://rs9.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:SN01244:@@@L&summ2= m&#summary; Connell, A.M., Goodman, S.H., The association between psychopathology in fathers versus mothers and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems: A meta-analysis (2002) Psychol Bull, 128, pp. 746-773 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22844436642&partnerID=40&md5=1fadd9817ebe993f15c30cd29064c561 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and neonatal limb length; does prenatal vitamin D influence neonatal size and shape? T2 - Early Human Development J2 - Early Hum. Dev. VL - 81 IS - 7 SP - 609 EP - 618 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.03.013 SN - 03783782 (ISSN) AU - McGrath, J.J. AU - Keeping, D. AU - Saha, S. AU - Chant, D.C. AU - Lieberman, D.E. AU - O'Callaghan, M.J. AD - Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4065, Australia AD - Queensland Fertility Group, 225 Wickham Terrace, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia AD - Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States AD - Child Development and Rehabilitation Services, University of Queensland, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia AB - Background: Birth weight is known to fluctuate with season of birth, however, there is little information about seasonal variation in neonatal anthropometric measures. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and selected anthropometric measures. Study design and subjects: The birth weight of singletons born after at least 37 weeks gestation was extracted from a perinatal register in south-east Queensland (n = 350,171). Mean monthly birth weights for this period were examined. Based on a separate birth cohort, principal component analysis was undertaken on neonatal anthropometric measures (n = 1233). Seasonality was assessed by (a) spectral analysis of time series data, (b) monthly and seasonal comparison of outcomes. Results: Based on register data, birth weight displayed clear annual periodicity. Birth weight differed significantly when compared by month and season. Infants born in October were the heaviest (3484 g), while May-born infants were the lightest (3459 g; P = 0.001). Based on the cohort anthropometric data, three components were identified related to (a) overall size, (b) limb length, and (c) head size and skin-fold thickness. Each of these components displayed significant seasonal variation. In particular, prominent seasonal fluctuations in limb length were identified, with peak limb length associated with winter/spring birth. Conclusion: Environmental factors that have regular seasonal fluctuation influence both the size and shape of neonates. Animal experiments suggest that prenatal hypovitaminosis D may underlie greater limb length. Because birth weight and limb length are associated with a broad range of important health outcomes, the seasonal exposures underlying these effects warrant further scrutiny from a public health perspective. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth weight KW - Limb length KW - Seasons KW - Vitamin D KW - vitamin D KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - Australia KW - birth KW - birth weight KW - cephalometry KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - environmental exposure KW - environmental factor KW - examination KW - gestational age KW - human KW - leg length KW - newborn KW - outcomes research KW - prenatal care KW - principal component analysis KW - register KW - seasonal variation KW - skinfold thickness KW - spectroscopy KW - spring KW - time series analysis KW - vitamin deficiency KW - winter KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Size KW - Body Weights and Measures KW - Extremities KW - Female KW - Fetal Development KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Periodicity KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Care KW - Seasons KW - Vitamin D N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EHDED C2 - 15972254 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McGrath, J.J.; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia; email: john_mcgrath@qcsr.uq.edu.au N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Vitamin D, 1406-16-2 N1 - References: Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull World Health Organ, 65 (5), pp. 663-737; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323 (7308), pp. 310-3114; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325 (7359), p. 305; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322 (7280), pp. 199-203; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85 (3), pp. 189-196; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315 (7105), pp. 401-403; Susser, E., Matte, T.D., Early antecedents of adult health (1998) J Urban Health, 75 (2), pp. 236-241; Barker, D.J., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh; Hindmarsh, P.C., Geary, M.P., Rodeck, C.H., Kingdom, J.C., Cole, T.J., Intrauterine growth and its relationship to size and shape at birth (2002) Pediatr Res, 52 (2), pp. 263-268; Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Wield, G.A., The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) BMJ, 306 (6875), pp. 422-426; Kramer, M.S., Olivier, M., McLean, F.H., Dougherty, G.E., Willis, D.M., Usher, R.H., Determinants of fetal growth and body proportionality (1990) Pediatrics, 86 (1), pp. 18-26; Kramer, M.S., McLean, F.H., Olivier, M., Willis, D.M., Usher, R.H., Body proportionality and head and length 'sparing' in growth-retarded neonates: A critical reappraisal (1989) Pediatrics, 84 (4), pp. 717-723; Sacks, D.A., Determinants of fetal growth (2004) Curr Diabetes Rep, 4 (4), pp. 281-287; Morley, R., Dwyer, T., Carlin, J.B., Studies of twins: Can they shed light on the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis? 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(2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31 (2), pp. 390-394; McGrath, J., Does 'imprinting' with low prenatal vitamin D contribute to the risk of various adult disorders? (2001) Med Hypotheses, 56 (3), pp. 367-371 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21844456905&doi=10.1016%2fj.earlhumdev.2005.03.013&partnerID=40&md5=fa7b59c4f7074f0048fdda730641321a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic status as a cause and consequence of psychosomatic symptoms from adolescence to adulthood T2 - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology J2 - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 40 IS - 7 SP - 580 EP - 587 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s00127-005-0930-1 SN - 09337954 (ISSN) AU - Huurre, T. AU - Rahkonen, O. AU - Komulainen, E. AU - Aro, H. AD - Dept. of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland AD - Dept. of Social Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AD - Dept. of Education, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AB - Background: Few follow-up studies have investigated psychosomatic health and socioeconomic status (SES) and associations between them at different life stages. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in psychosomatic symptoms by SES in adolescence, early adulthood and adulthood and to examine whether lower SES leads to higher levels of symptoms (social causation) or higher levels of symptoms to lower SES (health selection) or both. Methods: All 16-year-old ninth-grade school pupils of one Finnish city completed questionnaires at school. Subjects were followed up using postal questionnaires when aged 22 and 32 years. Results: Females reported significantly higher scores of psychosomatic symptoms than males at 16, 22 and 32 years of age. Higher rates of psychosomatic symptoms were found among females of manual class origin at 16 years. In addition, at 22 years, both females and males with only comprehensive school education and, at 32 years, those who worked in manual jobs had higher scores of symptoms. When low SES both as a cause and consequence of symptoms was investigated, the findings supported both these paths among females and more the health selection among males. In both genders, especially the path from psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence to lower education in early adulthood was strong. Conclusions: The results highlight the need of greater consideration of psychosomatic symptoms, particularly in adolescence, in later socioeconomic outcomes. © Springer-Verlag 2005. KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Psychosomatic symptoms KW - Socioeconomic status KW - adolescence KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age distribution KW - article KW - controlled study KW - education KW - female KW - Finland KW - follow up KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - occupation KW - postal mail KW - psychosomatic disorder KW - questionnaire KW - scoring system KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - symptomatology KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Causality KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Psychophysiologic Disorders KW - Questionnaires KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Statistics N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPPEE C2 - 16025192 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Huurre, T.; Dept. of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland; email: taina.huurre@ktl.fi N1 - Funding text: Å Acknowledgements This study was supported by a grant from the Juho Vainio Foundation, the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg’s Foundation and the Academy of Finland (80414 and 45664). 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Online VL - 10 IS - 2 PY - 2005 SN - 13607804 (ISSN) AU - Cooper, B. AD - University of Durham, United Kingdom AB - The paper explores the use of Charles Ragin's Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) in both its crisp and fuzzy set versions in the study of the relations between social class origin, sex, 'ability' and subsequent educational achievement. The work reported is part of a larger ongoing project which is employing QCA to compare these relations within two birth cohorts. Here data are used from the British National Child Development Study, i.e. from children born in 1958. The paper has a methodological focus, bringing out the strengths but also the difficulties that arise when employing QCA with a large dataset of this type. In particular, the problem of calibrating membership in fuzzy sets in a context where detailed case knowledge is not available is illustrated. It is also shown how the use of gradually increasing thresholds with Ragin's fs/QCA software can bring out the relative importance of various factors in accounting for achievement. The QCA-based analysis suggests that the processes of educational attainment can, at best, only be seen as partly falling under a 'meritocratic' description. It is also hoped that this paper will serve as a useful introduction to the potential of QCA for readers not yet familiar with it. KW - Educational Attainment KW - Fuzzy Sets KW - Gender KW - Meritocracy KW - QCA KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cooper, B.; University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom N1 - References: Abbott, A., What do cases do? Some notes on activity in sociological analysis (1992) What Is a Case?, , Ragin, C.C. & Becker, H.S. (Editors) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., Tyree, A., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: Wiley; Bond, R., Saunders, P., Routes of success: Influences on the occupational attainment of young British males (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (2), pp. 217-249; Boudon, R., (1974) The Logic of Sociological Explanation, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (1), pp. 1-27; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class, mobility and merit: The experience of two British birth cohorts (2001) European Sociological Review, 17 (2), pp. 81-101; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Merit, mobility and method: Another reply to Saunders (2002) British Journal of Sociology, 53 (4), pp. 575-582; Cooper, B., Using crisp and fuzzy set QCA to explore the "meritocracy in Britain" debate: Some initial analyses (2004) The Tensions in Social Statistics Conference, , paper given at, Durham, Sept. 2004 (available from author); Cronqvist, L., Presentation of TOSMANA: Adding multi-value variables and visual aids to QCA (2003) COMPASSS Launching Conference, , http://www.compasss.org/Cronqvist.PDF, Paper prepared for presentation at the 16-17 Sept. 2003 newer version at http://www.compasss.org/Cronqvist2004.PDF; Cronqvist, L., Using multi-value logic synthesis in social science (2003) Second General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR), , Paper prepared for the, Marburg, Sept. 2003; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , London: Panther; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1993) The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Freedman, D.A., As others see us: A case study in path analysis (1987) Journal of Educational Statistics, 12 (2), pp. 101-128; Freedman, D.A., From association to causation via regression (1997) Causality in Crisis? Statistical Methods and the Search for Causal Knowledge in the Social Sciences, , McKim, V.R. & Turner, S.P. (Editors) Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press; Goertz, G., (2003) Assessing the Importance of Necessary or Sufficient Conditions in Fuzzy-set Social Science, , http://www.compasss.org/goertz2003.pdf; Goldthorpe, J.H., A response (1990) John H. Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , Clark, C., Modgil, C. & Modgil, S. (Editors), London: The Palmer Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., (2000) On Sociology: Numbers, Narratives and the Integration of Research and Theory, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., Outline of a theory of social mobility (2000) On Sociology, , Oxford; Oxford University Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., Social class and the differentiation of employment contracts (2000) On Sociology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., Llewellyn, C., Payne, C., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Heath, A., McDonald, S.-K., Social change and the nature of the left (1987) Political Quarterly, 53, pp. 364-377; Hedström, P., Swedberg, R., (1998) Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Kelley, J., The failure of a paradigm: Log-linear models of social mobility (1990) John H. Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , Clark, C., Modgil, C. & Modgil, S. (Editors), London: The Falmer Press; Lampard, R., Might Britain be a meritocracy? A comment on Saunders (1996) Sociology, 30 (2), pp. 387-393; Lieberson, S., Small N's and big conclusions: An examination of the reasoning in comparative studies based on a small number of cases (1991) Social Forces, 70 (2), pp. 307-320; Lieberson, S., (1985) Making It Count: The Improvement of Social Research and Theory, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Lockwood, D., (1958) The Blackcoated Worker, , London: Allen & Unwin; Mahoney, J., Beyond correlational analysis: Recent innovations in theory and method (2001) Sociological Forum, 16 (3), pp. 575-593; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Social class and social justice (1993) British Journal of Sociology, 44 (2), pp. 187-211; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Merit and mobility: A reply to Peter Saunders (1996) Sociology, 30 (2), pp. 375-386; Quine, W.V., The problem of simplifying truth functions (1952) American Mathematical Monthly, 59 (8), pp. 521-531; Ragin, C.C., (1987) The Comparative Method, , Berkeley & Los Angeles: California University Press; Ragin, C.C., (2000) Fuzzy Set Social Science, , Chicago: Chicago University Press; Ragin, C.C., (2003) Recent Advances in Fuzzy-set Methods and Their Application to Policy Questions, , http://www.compasss.org/Ragin2003.PDF; Ragin, C.C., (2004) From Fuzzy Sets to Crisp Truth Tables, , http://www.compasss.org/RaginDec_2004.pdf; Ragin, C.C., Bradshaw, Y.W., Statistical analysis of employment discrimination: A review and critique (1991) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 10, pp. 199-228; Ragin, C.C., Giesel, H.M., (2002) USER'S GUIDE: Fuzzy-set/Qualitative Comparative Analysis, , http://www.u.arizona.edu/~cragin/software.htm; Ragin, C.C., Zaret, D., Theory and method in comparative research: Two strategies (1983) Social Forces, 61 (3), pp. 731-754; Saunders, P., Might Britain be a meritocracy? (1995) Sociology, 29 (1), pp. 23-41; Saunders, P., (1996) Unequal but Fair? A Study of Class Barriers in Britain, , London: Institute of Economic Affairs; Saunders, P., Social mobility in Britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing explanations (1997) Sociology, 31 (2), pp. 261-288; Saunders, P., Reflections on the meritocracy debate in Britain: A response to Richard Breen and John Goldthorpe (2002) British Journal of Sociology, 53 (4), pp. 559-574; Savage, M., Egerton, M., Social mobility, individual ability and the inheritance of class inequality (1997) Sociology, 31 (4), pp. 645-672; Swift, A., Would perfect mobility be perfect? (2004) European Sociological Review, 20 (1), pp. 1-11; Verkuilen, J., Measuring fuzzy set membership functions: A dual scaling approach (2001) Annual Meeting of the APSA, , Prepared for Presentation at the, San Francisco, CA, August 30-September 2, 2001; Williams, M., Dyer, W., Realism and probability (2004) Making Realism Work: Realist Social Theory and Empirical Research, , Carter, B. & New, C. (Editors) London & New York: Routledge; Young, M., (1958) The Rise of the Meritocracy, , Harmondsworth: Penguin UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27444447631&partnerID=40&md5=803ce5bd63c57bab58551a2beb2b19cb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity: A national birth cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 330 IS - 7504 SP - 1354 EP - 1357 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/bmj.38453.422049.E0 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To assess adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity by using nationally representative data. Design: 1970 British birth cohort Participants: 16 567 babies born in Great Britain 5-11 April 1970 and followed up at 5, 10, and 29-30 years. Main outcome measures: Obesity at age 10 and 30 years. Self reported socioeconomic, educational, psychological, and social outcomes at 30 years. Odds ratios were calculated for die risk of each adult outcome associated with obesity in childhood only, obesity in adulthood only, and persistent child and adult obesity, compared with those obese at neither period. Results: Of the 8490 participants with data on body mass index at 10 and 30 years, 4.3% were obese at 10 years and 16.3% at 30 years. Obesity in childhood only was not associated with adult social class, income, years of schooling, educational attainment, relationships, or psychological morbidity in either sex after adjustment for confounding factors. Persistent obesity was not associated with any adverse adult outcomes in men, though it was associated among women with a higher risk of never having been gainfully employed (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.3) and not having a current partner (2.0, 1.3 to 3.3). Conclusions: Obesity limited to childhood has little impact on adult outcomes. Persistent obesity in women is associated with poorer employment and relationship outcomes. Efforts to reduce the socioeconomic and psychosocial burden of obesity in adult life should focus on prevention of the persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood. KW - academic achievement KW - article KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - employment KW - follow up KW - human KW - income KW - longitudinal study KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - self report KW - sex ratio KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - adult KW - child KW - educational status KW - female KW - male KW - prognosis KW - risk KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prognosis KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :126 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 15901644 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Reilly, J.J., Methven, E., McDowell, Z.C., Hacking, B., Alexander, D., Stewart, L., Health consequences of obesity (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 748-752; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood. Analysis of a British birth cohort (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 681-687; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2002) The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. UK Data Archive, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. (CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper I); Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; Crawley, H.F., Portides, G., Self-reported versus measured height, weight and body mass index amongst 16-17 year old British teenagers (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 579-584; Maxwell, S.E., Delaney, H.D., Bivariate median splits and spurious statistical significance (1993) Psychol Bull, 113, pp. 181-190; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Ek, E., Sovio, U., Jarvelin, M.R., Unemployment and obesity among young adults in a northern Finland 1966 birth cohort (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1329-1338; Mustillo, S., Worthman, G., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Obesity and psychiatric disorder: Developmental trajectories (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 851-859; Goodman, E., Whitaker, R.C., A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 497-504; Onyike, C.U., Crum, R.M., Lee, H.B., Lyketsos, C.G., Eaton, W.W., Is obesity associated with major depression? Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey (2003) Am J Epidemiol, 158, pp. 1139-1147; Ferraro, K.F., Thorpe Jr., R.J., Wilkinson, J.A., The life course of severe obesity: Does childhood overweight matter? (2003) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 58, pp. S110-S119; Wright, C.M., Parker, L., Lamont, D., Craft, A.W., Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: Findings from thousand families cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1280-1284 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20544471338&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38453.422049.E0&partnerID=40&md5=1468e4b8b0c21cfb5d26de5e6d0ecc4c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Career progression: Getting-on, getting-by and going nowhere T2 - Education Economics J2 - Educ. Econ. VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 237 EP - 255 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/09645290500031447 SN - 09645292 (ISSN) AU - Dolton, P. AU - Makepeace, G. AU - Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O.D. AD - Department of Economics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, London, United Kingdom AD - University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom AB - This research examines the 'career progression' of individuals by studying how an individual's ranking within their cohort changes over their lifetime. We compare the relative position of individuals using educational test scores at ages 11 and 16 and earnings at ages 33 and 42. Our goal is to establish the contribution of early ability, educational achievement and labour market experience to the relative movements of individuals within their cohort. We use the National Child Development Study to assess this intra-cohort career progress employing descriptive and fixed effect regression methods to describe the process. We report how career progression differs for men and women. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. KW - Ability KW - Career progression KW - Cohort effects KW - Earnings KW - educational attainment KW - employment KW - labor market KW - wage determination N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dolton, P.; Department of Economics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; email: Peter.Dolton@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Becker, G., (1964) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis With Special Reference to Education, , (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, Columbia University Press); Blau, P., Duncan, O., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , (New York: Wiley); Connolly, R., The occupational success of young men who left school at sixteen (1992) Oxford Economic Papers, 44, pp. 460-479; Ferri, E., (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, , (London: Institute of Education); Harper, B., Haq, M., Occupational attainment of men in Britain (1997) Oxford Economic Papers, 49, pp. 638-650; Kerckhoff, A., (1993) Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections, , (New York: Cambridge University Press); Mincer, J., Investment in human capital and personal income distribution (1958) Journal of Political Economy, 66, pp. 281-302; Mincer, J., The production of human capital and the life cycle of earnings: Variations on a theme (1997) Journal of Labour Economics, 15 (1), pp. S26-S47; Neal, D., The link between ability and specialization: An explanation for observed correlations between wages and mobility rates (1998) The Journal of Human Resources, 33 (1), pp. 173-200; Neal, D., The complexity of job mobility among young men (1999) Journal of Labour Economics, 17 (2), pp. 237-261; Neal, D., Rosen, S., Theories of the distribution of labor earnings (2000) The Theory of Earnings Distributions: Handbook of Income Distribution, 1, pp. 379-427. , A. Atkinson and F. Bourgignon (Eds) (North Holland); Nickell, S., Quintini, G., The consequences of the decline in public sector pay in Britain: A little bit of evidence (2002) Economic Journal, 112 (477), pp. 107-118; Rosen, S., A theory of life earnings (1976) Journal of Political Economy, 84 (4), pp. S45-S67; Thurow, L., (1969) Poverty and Discrimination, , (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution); Thurow, L., (1975) Generating Inequality, , (London: Macmillan); Topel, R., Ward, M., Job mobility and the careers of young men (1992) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (2), pp. 439-479 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17944375827&doi=10.1080%2f09645290500031447&partnerID=40&md5=e1c4fb3df7c975b3b26af451d28f2323 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth in early life and childhood IQ at age 11 years: The Newcastle Thousand Families study T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 673 EP - 677 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyi038 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Pearce, M.S. AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Young, A.H. AU - Parker, L. AD - Paediatric and Lifecourse Epidemiology Research Group, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LPP, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom AB - Background: It has been suggested that in addition to genetic factors, fetal and post-natal growth influence childhood cognition, although it is unclear whether such an effect continues throughout childhood. This study aimed at investigating the potential relationships between childhood IQ at age 11 years and birth weight and height at the ages of 9 and 13 years, after adjusting for the confounding factors available to this investigation. Methods: The Newcastle Thousand Families study, a prospectively followed cohort, originally consisted of all 1142 births in the city of Newcastle in May and June 1947. Using data on 733 members of this cohort, we investigated the associations between IQ at age 11, and birth weight and height at ages 9 and 13 years. Results: Birth weight showed no association with childhood IQ. However, height at age 9 years was a significant predictor of childhood IQ after adjusting for socioeconomic status (standardized regression coefficient b = 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-3.6, P < 0.0001). Height at age 13 was also a significant predictor of IQ after adjusting for socioeconomic status (b = 3.4, 95% CI 2.3-4.4, P = 0.001), and explained an additional 2.5% of the variation in IQ scores to that already explained by socioeconomic status and height at age nine. Conclusions: These results suggest a continuing effect of post-natal growth on childhood cognition beyond the age of 9 years. Post-natal growth, which may be influenced by genetic factors and nutrition and socioeconomic circumstances in childhood, may be more important than fetal growth in terms of childhood cognition. © The Author 2005; all rights reserved. KW - Birth weight KW - Child KW - Cognition KW - Fetal origins hypothesis KW - Growth KW - Height KW - cognition KW - adolescent KW - age KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - child development KW - child nutrition KW - childhood KW - cognition KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - family study KW - female KW - fetus growth KW - heredity KW - human KW - human experiment KW - intelligence quotient KW - male KW - postnatal development KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - regression analysis KW - school child KW - scoring system KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Parity KW - Prospective Studies KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15746206 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pearce, M.S.; Sir James Spence Institute, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; email: M.S.Pearce@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., The developmental origins of adult disease (2003) Eur. 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Bull., 130, pp. 989-1030; Rowe, D.C., IQ, birth weight and number of sexual partners in White, African American and mixed race adolescents (2002) Popul. Environ., 23, pp. 513-524; Gorman, B.K., Birth weight and cognitive development in adolescence: Causal relationship or social selection? (2002) Soc. Biol., 49, pp. 13-34; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol., 31, pp. 342-348; Mueller, W.H., The genetics of size and shape in children and adults (1986) Human Growth, , Faulkner F, Tanner JM (eds). NewYork: Plenum Press; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S.J., Kemp, M., Peters, T.J., Socioeconomic and dietary influences on leg length and trunk in childhood: A reanalysis of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in prewar Britain (1937-39) (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 96-113; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Hardy, R.J., Paul, A.A., Marshall, S.F., Cole, T.J., Leg and trunk length at 43 years in relation to childhood health, diet and family circumstances; evidence from the 1946 national birth cohort (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol., 31, pp. 383-390; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.J., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 326-330; Miller, F., Court, S.D.M., Walton, W., Knox, E.G., (1960) Growing Up in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , London: Oxford University Press; Tuvemo, T., Jonsson, B., Persson, I., Intellectual and physical performance and morbidity in relation to height in a cohort of 18-year-old Swedish conscripts (1999) Horm. Res., 52, pp. 186-191; Daniels, M.C., Adair, U.S., Growth in young Filipino children predicts schooling trajectories through high school (2004) J. 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Child, 85, pp. 189-197; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; Somerfelt, K., Andersson, H.W., Sonnander, K., Cognitive development of term small for genestational age children at five years of age (2000) Arch. Dis. Child, 83, pp. 25-30; Gale, C.R., O'Callaghan, F.J., Godfrey, K.M., Law, C.M., Martyn, C.N., Critical periods of brain growth and cognitive function in children (2004) Brain, 127, pp. 321-329; Grantham-McGregor, S., Linear growth retardation and cognition (2002) Lancet, 359, p. 542; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Intellectual and psychological performance in males born small for gestational age with and without catch-up growth (2001) Pediatr. Res., 50, pp. 91-96; Downie, B., Mulligan, J., Stratford, R.J., Betts, P.R., Voss, L.D., Are short normal children at a disadvantage? The Wessex growth study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 97-100; Berger, A., Insulin-like growth factor and cognitive function (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 203; Oddy, W.H., Kendall, G.E., Blair, E., Breast feeding and cognitive development in childhood: A prospective birth cohort study (2003) Paediatr. Perinatal Epidemiol., 17, pp. 81-90; Li, L., Power, C., Influences on childhood height: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Int. J. Epidemiol., 33, pp. 1320-1328 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20744455672&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyi038&partnerID=40&md5=27f72e2ce6096cbcb92ac181c9bc53fb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intellectual disabilities and socioeconomic inequalities in health: An overview of research T2 - Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities J2 - J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 101 EP - 111 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00239.x SN - 13602322 (ISSN) AU - Graham, H. AD - Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy, Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YT, United Kingdom AB - Background There is an enduring association between socioeconomic position and health, both over time and across major causes of death. Children and adults with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately represented among the poorer and less healthy sections of the population. But research on health inequalities, and on the broader societal influences on health, has yet to be integrated into perspectives and policy for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods The paper reviews evidence on the patterns and causes of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Results It points to evidence that socioeconomic position is the fundamental determinant of health, drawing on longitudinal studies to highlight how it exerts its influence on health from before birth and across the lifecourse. The factors shaping an individual's socioeconomic position are also discussed. Conclusions The paper concludes by identifying research and policy challenges. © 2005 BILD Publications. KW - Health inequalities KW - Social determinants KW - Socio-economic N1 - Cited By :43 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Graham, H.; Department of Social Policy, Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YT, United Kingdom; email: h.m.graham@lancaster.ac.uk N1 - References: Annandale, E., Hunt, K., Gender inequalities in health: Research at the crossroads (2000) Gender Inequalities in Health, pp. 1-35. , (eds E. Annandale & K. Hunt) . 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Fifty First World Health Assembly (Alma-Ata declaration), WHO, Geneva; (1948) Consitution of the World Health Organization, , WHO, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20444379319&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-3148.2005.00239.x&partnerID=40&md5=abfd55116a9f8fddbf2dc6328fe9bb2a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social dynamics of health inequalities: A growth curve analysis of aging and self assessed health in the British household panel survey 1991-2001 T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 6 SP - 495 EP - 501 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2004.026278 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Sacker, A. AU - Clarke, P. AU - Wiggins, R.D. AU - Bartley, M. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Sociology, City University London, London, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To study how social inequalities change as people age, this paper presents a growth curve model of self assessed health, which accommodates changes in occupational class and individual health with age. Design: Nationally representative interview based longitudinal survey of adults in Great Britain. Setting: Representative members of private households of Great Britain in 1991. Participants: Survey respondents (n = 6705), aged 21-59 years in 1991 and followed up annually until 2001. Main outcome measure: Self assessed health. Results: On average, self assessed health declines slowly from early adulthood to retirement age. No significant class differences in health were observed at age 21. Health inequalities emerged later in life with the gap between mean levels of self assessed health of those in managerial and professional occupations and routine occupations widening approaching retirement. Individual variability in health trajectories increased between ages 40 and 59 years so that this widening of mean differences between occupational classes was not significant. When the analysis is confined to people whose occupational class remained constant over time, a far greater difference in health trajectories between occupational classes was seen. Conclusions: The understanding of social inequalities in health at the population level is enriched by an analysis of individual variation in age related declines by social position. KW - aging KW - household survey KW - medical geography KW - occupation KW - self assessment KW - adult KW - aging KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - growth curve KW - health care distribution KW - health care utilization KW - health survey KW - household KW - human KW - human experiment KW - interview KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - manager KW - normal human KW - occupation KW - retirement KW - review KW - self evaluation KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Aging KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Health Status KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Self Assessment (Psychology) KW - Social Class KW - Social Mobility KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :47 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 15911646 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sacker, A.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: a.sacker@ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Firth, D., Social position, social roles and women's health in England: Changing relationships 1984-1993 (1999) Soc Sci Med, 48, pp. 99-115; Ferrie, J.E., Shipley, M.J., Davey Smith, G., Change in health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 922-926; Anitua, C., Esnaola, S., Changes in social inequalities in health in the Basque Country (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 437-443; Dahl, E., Elstad, J.I., Recent changes in social structure and health inequalities in Norway (2001) Scand J Public Health, 29 (SUPPL. 55), pp. 7-17; Dalstra, J.A.A., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J.M., Trends in socioeconomic health inequalities in the Netherlands, 1981-1999 (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 927-934; Higgs, G., Senior, M.L., Williams, H., Spatial and temporal variation of mortality and deprivation 1: Widening health inequalities (1998) Environ Plan A, 30, pp. 1661-1682; Krokstad, S., Kunst, A.E., Westin, S., Trends in health inequalities by educational level in a Norwegian total population study (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 375-380; Lahelma, E., Arber, S., Rahkonen, O., Widening or narrowing inequalities in health? 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(2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 1373-1381; Manderbacka, K., Lahelma, E., Martikainen, P., Examining the continuity of self-rated health (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 208-213 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344365583&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.026278&partnerID=40&md5=02e136812430f6ed1c5b4298b56a6c53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal smoking and birth weight: Interaction with parity and mother's own in utero exposure to smoking T2 - Epidemiology J2 - Epidemiology VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 288 EP - 293 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1097/01.ede.0000158198.59544.cf SN - 10443983 (ISSN) AU - Misra, D.P. AU - Astone, N. AU - Lynch, C.D. AD - Dept. of Hlth. Behav./Hlth. Educ., Univ. of Michigan Sch. of Pub. Hlth., Ann Arbor, MI, United States AD - Dept. of Pop. and Fam. Hlth. Sci., Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States AD - Division of Epidemiology, Natl. Inst. Child Hlth. Hum./Devmt., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Dept. of Hlth. Behav./Hlth. Educ., Univ. of Michigan Sch. of Pub. Hlth., 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States AB - Background: Few studies have reported interactions between maternal smoking and other maternal characteristics and exposures. We examined maternal smoking in a cohort study for which data from 3 generations were available to examine maternal characteristics and exposures from a life-course perspective. Methods: We had data from 3 generations: women enrolled in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) between 1959 and 1965 at the Baltimore site (G1); daughters (G2) of those G1 mothers who were followed to ages 27-33 years in the Pathways to Adulthood study; and children (G3) born to the G2 women who provided pregnancy and birth information during the Pathways study. These data allowed examination of exposures that occurred to the mother during her childhood and in utero. Results: We found evidence of a 3-way interaction effect on birth weight for maternal smoking in pregnancy, maternal exposure to smoking in utero (grandmaternal smoking), and maternal parity. Maternal smoking reduced birth weight in 3 of the subgroups, with the size of the effect on birth weight moderated by parity and the mother's own in utero exposure to smoking. Conclusions: A mother's prenatal exposure to smoke may affect the birth weight of her offspring. This effect would be consistent with both the accumulation-of-risk and the fetal-programming hypotheses. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - article KW - birth weight KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn KW - parity KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - risk assessment KW - smoking KW - United States KW - Adult KW - Baltimore KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Effect KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Multicenter Studies KW - Parity KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPIDE C2 - 15824542 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Misra, D.P.; Dept. of Hlth. Behav./Hlth. Educ., Univ. of Michigan Sch. of Pub. Hlth., 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; email: dmisra@umich.edu N1 - References: Abel, E.A., Smoking during pregnancy, a review of effects on growth and development of offspring (1980) Hum Biol, 52, pp. 593-625; Brooke, O.G., Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Effects on birth weight of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial stress (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 795-801; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., The effects of smoking in pregnancy (1969) Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Alberman ED, Butler NR, eds. Edinburgh and London: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd; Cigarette smoking and the risk of low birth weight: A comparison in black and white women (1990) Epidemiology, 1, pp. 201-205; Hellerstedt, W.L., Himes, J.H., Story, M., The effects of cigarette smoking and gestational weight change on birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 591-596; Nordentoft, M., Lou, H.C., Hansen, D., Intrauterine growth retardation and premature delivery: The influence of maternal smoking and psychosocial factors (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 347-354; Peacock, J.L., Bland, J.M., Anderson, H.R., Cigarette smoking and birthweight: Type of cigarette smoked and a possible threshold effect (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 405-412; Shah, N., Bracken, M., A systematic review and meta analysis of prospective studies on the association between maternal cigarette smoking and preterm delivery (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 182, pp. 465-472; Cnattingius, S., Axelsson, O., Eklund, G., Smoking, maternal age, and fetal growth (1985) Obstet Gynecol, 66, pp. 449-452; Fox, S., Koepsell, T., Daling, J., Birth weight and smoking during pregnancy - Effect modification by maternal age (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 139, pp. 1008-1015; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peacock, J.L., The effects of smoking on fetal growth: Evidence for a threshold, the importance of brand of cigarette, and interaction with alcohol and caffeine consumption (1992) Effects of Smoking on the Fetus, Neonate, and Child, pp. 889-1107. , Poswillo D, Alberman E, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Gielen, A.C., Windsor, R., Faden, R.R., Evaluation of a smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women in an urban prenatal clinic (1997) Health Educ Res, 12, pp. 247-254; Haddow, J.E., Knight, G.J., Palomaki, G.E., Second-trimester serum cotinine levels in nonsmokers in relation to birth weight (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 159, pp. 481-484; Hebel, J.R., Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Dose-response of birth weight to various measures of maternal smoking during pregnancy (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 483-489; Walsh, R., Effects of maternal smoking on pregnancy adverse outcomes: Examination of the criteria of causation (1994) Hum Biol, 66, pp. 1059-1092; Cnattingius, S., Maternal age modifies the effect of maternal smoking on intrauterine growth retardation but not on late fetal death and placental abruption (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 319-323; Cnattingius, S., Does age potentiate the smoking-related risk of fetal growth retardation? (1989) Early Hum Dev, 20, pp. 203-211; Cnattingius, S., Forman, M., Berendes, H., Effect of age, parity, and smoking on pregnancy outcome: A population-based study (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 168, pp. 16-21; Niswander, K.R., Gordon, M., (1972) The Women and Their Pregnancies, , Washington, DC: USDHEW, PHS, NIH; Liang, K.Y., Zeger, S.L., Regression analysis for correlated data (1993) Annu Rev Public Health, 14, pp. 43-68; Karim, M.R., Zeger, S.L., GEE: A SAS macro for longitudinal data analysis. (Version 1) (1988) Technical Report #674, , Baltimore, MD: The Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University; Gofin, R., Neumark, I., Adler, B., Birthweight recall by mothers of Israeli children (2000) Public Health, 114, pp. 161-163; Walton, K., Murray, L., Gallagher, A., Parental recall of birthweight: A good proxy for recorded birthweight? (2000) Eur J Epidemiol, 16, pp. 793-796; Williams, R., Creasy, R., Cunningham, G., Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California (1982) Obstet Gynecol, 59, pp. 624-632; Klebanoff, M., Levine, R., Clemens, J., Serum cotinine concentration and self-reported smoking during pregnancy (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 148, pp. 259-262; Windham, G., Hopkins, B., Fenster, L., Prenatal active or passive tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of preterm delivery or low birth weight (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 427-433; Kuh, D., Ben-Schlomo, Y., Introduction: A life course approach to the aetiology of adult chronic disease (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 3-14. , Kuh D, Ben-Schlomo Y, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kuh, D., Davey-Smith, G., The life course and adult chronic disease: An historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 15-41. , Kuh D, Ben-Schlomo Y, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Barker, D., In utero programming of chronic disease (1998) Clin Sci, 95, pp. 115-128 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17844390710&doi=10.1097%2f01.ede.0000158198.59544.cf&partnerID=40&md5=607dc041adbb296cbf9dc1dd298ae2ec ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in lung cancer mortality among young adults in Japan T2 - Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology J2 - Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 177 EP - 180 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/jjco/hyi054 SN - 03682811 (ISSN) AU - Marugame, T. AU - Yoshimi, I. AU - Kamo, K.-I. AU - Imamura, Y. AU - Kaneko, S. AU - Mizuno, S. AU - Sobue, T. AD - Statistics and Cancer Control Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan AD - Division of Mathematics, School of Medicine, Liberal Arts and Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan AD - Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan AB - Background: Trends in lung cancer mortality among young adults, which are important for projecting future trends, have not been explored previously in Japan. Methods: Using data from the National Vital Statistics between 1958 and 2003, we compiled lung cancer mortality by sex and 5-year birth cohort among young adults aged 20-49. Results: Mortality among those aged 20-29 has consistently decreased regardless of sex. There were birth cohort effects in mortality from lung cancer, although these were less evident among women than among men. Both men and women born in the 1930s had lower mortality rates, while those born after 1940 had higher lung cancer mortality rates. Mortality rates appear to be declining for male birth cohorts born after 1950 and female birth cohorts after 1960, although these trends may not be stable due to the small number of deaths in these cohorts. Conclusion: Lung cancer mortality trends appear to be decreasing among young adults. This might be associated with the lower mortality of birth cohorts after 1950 formen and the 1960s birth cohorts for women. Careful monitoring is needed to confirm continuation of these declining trends. © 2005 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research. KW - Japan KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - Young adults KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - cancer mortality KW - death KW - female KW - human KW - Japan KW - lung cancer KW - male KW - monitoring KW - sex difference KW - cohort analysis KW - forecasting KW - Japan KW - lung tumor KW - middle aged KW - mortality KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JJCOA C2 - 15845565 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Marugame, T.; Statistics and Cancer Control Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; email: tmarugam@gan2.res.ncc.go.jp N1 - References: Kaneko, S., Ishikawa, K.B., Yoshimi, I., Marugame, T., Hamashima, C., Kamo, K., Projection of lung cancer mortality in Japan (2003) Cancer Sci., 94, pp. 919-923; Marugame, T., Mizuno, S., Mortality trend of lung cancer in Japan: 1960-2000 (2003) Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 33, pp. 148-149; Strand, T.E., Malayeri, C., Eskonsipo, P.K., Grimsrud, T.K., Norstein, J., Grotmol, T., Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954-1998 (2004) Cancer Causes Control, 15, pp. 27-33; Jemal, A., Chu, K.C., Tarone, R.E., Recent trends in lung cancer mortality in the United States (2001) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 93, pp. 277-283; Yoshimi, I., Sobue, T., Mortality trend in Japan (1960-2000): With special reference to birth cohort: All sites (2004) Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 34, pp. 360-368; Marugame, T., Kamo, K., Sobue, T., Akiba, S., Mizuno, S., Tamakoshi, A., Trends in smoking by birth cohort in Japan (2004) Cancer Sci., 95 (SUPPL.), p. 542; Tsugane, S., Watanabe, S., Sugimura, H., Arimoto, H., Shimosato, Y., Suemasu, K., Smoking, occupation and family history in lung cancer patients under fifty years of age (1987) Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 17, pp. 309-317 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344364641&doi=10.1093%2fjjco%2fhyi054&partnerID=40&md5=f1725c39ba3a4f4bf127c3135e69a077 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking in a national birth cohort T2 - Addiction J2 - Addiction VL - 100 IS - 4 SP - 543 EP - 549 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01034.x SN - 09652140 (ISSN) AU - Jefferis, B.J.M.H. AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To assess (i) continuities in binge drinking across adulthood and (ii) the association between adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking. Design: Population-based prospective birth cohort. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births during one week in March 1958 (n = 8520 in analysis). Measurements: Alcohol consumption reported at 16, 23, 33 and 42 years. Binge drinkers were identified by dividing number of units of alcohol consumed in the last week by usual drinking frequency, with limits of ≥10 units/occasion for men and ≥7 for women. Findings: Four in five cohort members drank alcohol at least twice a month. Prevalences of binge drinking at 23, 33 and 42 years among men were 37%, 28% and 31% and among women 18%, 13% and 14%. Most binge drinkers in adulthood changed drinking status during this period. Nevertheless, binge drinking at age 23 increased the odds of binge drinking at 42 years: odds ratio (OR) 2.10 (95% CI 1.85, 2.39) for men; OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.29, 1.89) for women. Women who rarely or never drank aged 16 were less likely than light drinkers (0-2 units/week) to binge drink as adults, OR at 23 years 0.65 (95% CI 0.55, 0.77). Men who were heavier drinkers (≥7 units/week) at 16 years were more likely than light drinkers to binge drink throughout adulthood; at 42 years, OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33, 2.08). Conclusions: Binge drinking is common in British men and women throughout adulthood with continuities between the 20s and 40s. Adolescent drinking has a modest although important association with adult binge drinking. © 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction. KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol KW - Binge drinking KW - Prospective cohort KW - alcohol KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - drinking behavior KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - sex difference KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Alcoholic Intoxication KW - Cohort Studies KW - Ethanol KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Prospective Studies KW - Regression Analysis N1 - Cited By :88 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADICE C2 - 15784069 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jefferis, B.J.M.H.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: B.Jefferis@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alcohol, 64-17-5; Ethanol, 64-17-5 N1 - References: Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., Sempos, C.T., The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: An overview (2003) Addiction, 98, pp. 1209-1228; (2001) Statistics Handbook a Compilation of Drinks Industry Statistics. 28th Edn., , London: Publications Brewing Publications Limited; Leifman, H., Hemstrom, O., Ramstedt, M., The ECAS-survey on drinking patterns and alcohol related problems (2001) Alcohol in Post War Europe, pp. 105-126. , Norstrom, T., ed. Stockholm: National Institute of Public Health; (1995) Sensible Drinking, , Report of an Inter-Departmental Working Group. London: Department of Health; Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain: Results from the 2000/01 General Household Survey, , London: The Stationery Office; Pearson, H., Public health: The demon drink (2004) Nature, 428, pp. 598-600; Dyer, O., Goverment must take unpopular decisions to reduce alcohol consumption (2004) BMJ, 328, p. 542; (2004) Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England, , http://www.strategy.gov.uk/files/pdf/al04SU.pdf, London: The Cabinet Office; Kuntsche, E., Rehm, J., Gmel, G., Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe (2004) Social Science and Medicine, 59, pp. 113-127; Schulenberg, J.E., Maggs, J.L., A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood (2002) Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement, 14, pp. 54-70; Hill, K.G., White, H.R., Chung, I.J., Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., Early adult outcomes of adolescent binge drinking: Person- And variable-centered analyses of binge drinking trajectories (2000) Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, pp. 892-901; Casswell, S., Pledger, M., Pratap, S., Trajectories of drinking from 18 to 26 years: Identification and prediction (2002) Addiction, 97, pp. 1427-1437; Tucker, J.S., Orlando, M., Ellickson, P.L., Patterns and correlates of binge drinking trajectories from early adolescence to young adulthood (2003) Health Psychology, 22, pp. 79-87; Gladstone, J., Levy, M., Nulman, I., Koren, G., Characteristics of pregnant women who engage in binge alcohol consumption (1997) Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156, pp. 789-794; Bennett, P., Smith, C., Nugent, Z., Patterns of drinking in Wales (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26, pp. 367-374; Malyutina, S., Bobak, M., Kurilovitch, S., Ryizova, E., Nikitin, Y., Marmot, M., Alcohol consumption and binge drinking in Novosibirsk, Russia, 1985-95 (2001) Addiction, 96, pp. 987-995; Makela, P., Fonager, K., Hibell, B., Nordlund, S., Sabroe, S., Simpura, J., Episodic heavy drinking in four Nordic countries: A comparative survey (2001) Addiction, 96, pp. 1575-1588; Naimi, T.S., Brewer, R.D., Mokdad, A., Denny, C., Serdula, M.K., Marks, J.S., Binge drinking among US adults (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 70-75; Wilsnack, R.W., Vogeltanz, N.D., Wilsnack, S.C., Harris, T.R., Ahlstrom, S., Bondy, S., Ferri, E., Smith, K., Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: Cross-cultural patterns (2000) Addiction, 95, pp. 251-265; Fillmore, K.M., Women's drinking across the adult life course as compared to men's (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 801-811; Wennberg, P., Bohman, M., Andersson, T., Variations and stability in drinking patterns in a cohort of Swedish males (2000) Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 28, pp. 312-316; Collins, D., Deepchand, K., Fitzgerald, R., Perry, J., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Smith, K., (2001) National Child Development Study and 19 70 British Cohort Study 1999-2000 Surveys. Stability Change and Development in the British Population. Technical Report, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33; the Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Dight, S.E., (1976) Scottish Drinking Habits, , A Survey of Scottish Drinking Habits and Attitudes Towards Alcohol Carried Out in 1972 for the Scottish Home and Health Department. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Marmot, M., Ghodshe, A.H., Jarvis, S., Kemm, J.R., Ritson, E.B., Wallace, P., (1995) Alcohol and the Heart in Perspective Sensible Limits Reaffirmed, , Report of a Working Group to the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Royal College of General Practitioners. London: British Medical Association; Feunekes, G.I.V.V., Van Staveren, W.A., Kok, F.J., Alcohol intake assessment: The sober facts (1999) American Journal of Epidemiology, 150, pp. 105-112; Erens, B., Primatesta, P., Prior, G., (2001) Health Survey for England - Health of Minority Ethnic Groups '99, , London: The Stationery Office; (2004) Calling Time. The Nation's Drinking As a Major Health Issue, , London: Academy of Medical Sciences; Boreham, R., McManus, S., (2003) Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Young People in England in 2002, , London: The Stationery Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17244364586&doi=10.1111%2fj.1360-0443.2005.01034.x&partnerID=40&md5=f68ace1b9bc135b7e4b8fd7aa32abbf7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dual work and family roles and depressive symptoms in two birth cohorts of women T2 - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology J2 - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 300 EP - 307 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s00127-005-0898-x SN - 09337954 (ISSN) AU - Kasen, S. AU - Cohen, P. AU - Berenson, K. AU - Chen, H. AU - Dufur, R. AD - Dept. of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, United States AD - Epidemiology of Mental Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States AD - Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AB - Background: Rising depression rates in more recent cohorts of women have been attributed in part to their increased participation in dual family and work roles. Method: This study examined associations among depressive symptoms, age, and work and marital status in two cohorts of women, all mothers, born between 1931 and 1944 (preboomers) or between 1945 and 1958 (baby boomers), assessed at comparable ages. Results: Being married (vs. divorced) was related to less depression within and across cohorts, whereas working was related to more depression in preboomers only. Moreover, divorced working preboomers were significantly more depressed than women in most other role status groups within and across cohorts. Depression scores declined across age among working women in the combined cohorts; however, that association held only for baby boomers when cohorts were analyzed separately. Among divorced working women, that decline was significantly greater in baby boomers than pre-boomers. Conclusions: These cohort differences support a call for new social policies that address the mental health needs of women and their children. KW - Cohort effects KW - Depressive symptoms KW - Marital status KW - Women KW - Work status KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - divorce KW - family life KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - marriage KW - policy KW - work environment KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cohort Studies KW - Demography KW - Depression KW - Employment KW - Family KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPPEE C2 - 15834781 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kasen, S.; New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, United States; email: sk57@columbia.edu N1 - Funding details: HD-40685, NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development N1 - Funding text: ■ Acknowledgement This study was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant HD-40685). 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(1990) J Pers Soc Psychol, 59, pp. 311-320; Cohen, P., Cohen, J., (1996) Life Values and Adolescent Mental Health, , Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ; Derogatis, L.R., Lipman, R.S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E.H., Covi, L., The Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL): A self-report inventory (1974) Behav Sci, 19, pp. 1-15; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Smailes, E., Brook, J.S., Association of maladaptive parental behavior with psychiatric disorder among parents and their offspring (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 453-460; Crawford, T.N., Cohen, P., Midlarsky, E., Brook, J.S., Internalizing symptoms in adolescence: Gender differences in vulnerability to parental distress and discord (2001) J Res Adolesc, 11, pp. 95-118; Bielby, W.T., Bielby, D.D., Family ties: Balancing commitments to work and family in dual earner households (1989) Am Soc Rev, 54, pp. 776-789; Noor, N.M., Some demographic, personality, and role variables as correlates of women's well-being (1996) Sex Roles, 34, pp. 603-620; Phelan, J., Schwartz, J.E., Bromet, E.J., Dew, M.A., Parkinson, D.K., Schulberg, J.C., Dunn, L.O., Curtis, E.C., Work stress, family stress, and depression in professional and managerial employees (1991) Psychol Med, 21, pp. 999-1012; Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., Aiken, L.S., (2003) Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (3rd Edn.), , Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ; Aube, J., Fleury, J., Smetana, J., Changes in women's roles: Impact on and social policy implications for the mental health of women and children (2000) Dev Psychopathol, 12, pp. 633-656; Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Divorce and the American family (1990) Annual Rev Sociol, 16, pp. 379-403; Goldscheider, F., Goldscheider, C., Leaving and returning home in 20th century America (1994) Population Bulletin, 48, pp. 1-35; Brown, G.W., Moran, P.M., Single mothers, poverty, and depression (1997) Psychol Med, 27, pp. 21-33; Cairney, J., Thorpe, C., Rietschlin, J., Avison, W.R., 12-Month prevalence of depression among single and married mothers in the 1994 National Population Health Survey (1999) Can J Public Health, 90, pp. 320-324; Wang, J.L., The difference between single and married mothers in the 12-month prevalence of major depressive syndrome, associated factors and mental health service utilization (2004) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39, pp. 26-32; Bruce, M.L., Kim, K.M., Differences in the effects of divorce on major depression in men and women (1992) Am J Psychiatry, 149, pp. 914-917; Lopata, H.Z., Barnewolt, D., The middle years: Changes and variations in social role commitments (1984) Women in Midlife, pp. 83-108. , Baruch G, Brooks-Gunn J (eds), Plenum Press, New York; Gove, W.R., Tudor, J., Adult sex roles and mental illness (1973) Am J Sociol, 78, pp. 812-835; Reskin, B.F., Roos, P.A., (1990) Job Queues, Gender Queues: Explaining Women's Inroads into Male Occupations, , Temple University Press, Philadelphia; Brown, G.W., Moran, P.M., Single mothers, poverty, and depression (1997) Psychol Med, 27, pp. 21-33; Brown, G.W., Bifulco, A., Motherhood, employment, and the development of depression: A replication of a finding? (1990) Br J Psychiatry, 156, pp. 169-179; Weissman, M.M., Leaf, P.J., Bruce, M.L., Single parent women. A community study (1987) Soc Psychiatry, 22, pp. 29-36; Marks, S.R., Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time, and commitment (1977) Am Soc Rev, 41, pp. 921-936; Seiber, S.D., Toward a theory of role accumulation (1974) Am Soc Rev, 39, pp. 567-578; Cherlin, A.J., Going to the extreme: Family structure, children's well-being, and social science (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 421-428 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27644544302&doi=10.1007%2fs00127-005-0898-x&partnerID=40&md5=024b1f15a09287758aed81f8a889d670 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs: Findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 279 EP - 282 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2004.025262 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Bor, W. AU - O'Callaghan, M.J. AU - Williams, G.M. AU - Najman, J.M. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Child Devmt. and Rehab. Services, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - School of Population Health, Univ. of Queensland Medical School, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To examine the association between intrauterine growth and intelligence. Design: Population based birth cohort study of sibling pairs born within a maximum of three years of each other. Setting: Mater-University women and children's hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Participants: 235 (470 children) sibling pairs. Results: Among one randomly selected sibling from each pair verbal comprehension at age 5, general intelligence at age 14, and reading ability at age 14 increased linearly with increasing gestational age and sex standardised birth weight z scores. With adjustment for maternal age, race, and smoking during pregnancy, birth order, family income, and parental education the associations with verbal comprehension at age 5 and general intelligence at age 14 remained, whereas the association with reading ability at age 14 was attenuated to the null. Within sibling pairs, differences in intrauterine growth were positively associated with differences in verbal comprehension at age 5 (test score difference per one unit difference in birth weight z score = 1.52 (0.11 to 3.26)) and general intelligence at age 14 (1.09 (0.01 to 2.18)), but not with reading ability at age 14. Conclusions: Socioeconomic position or other fixed maternal characteristics do not seem to explain the positive association between intrauterine growth and childhood intelligence. KW - child development KW - academic achievement KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - comprehension KW - female KW - gestational age KW - human KW - income KW - intelligence KW - intelligence quotient KW - male KW - normal human KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal growth KW - reading KW - sibling KW - smoking KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - fetus development KW - intelligence test KW - mother KW - physiology KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - sex difference KW - sibling KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Fetal Development KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Reading KW - Sex Factors KW - Siblings KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 15767380 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H., DelDotto, J., Low birth weight and neurocognitive status at six years of age (1996) Biol Physchiatry, 40, pp. 389-397; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birthweight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-197; Jefferles, B., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Osler, M., Andersen, A.-M.N., Due, P., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; Record, R.G., McKeown, T., Edwards, J.H., The relationship of measured intelligence to birth weight and duration of gestation (1969) Ann Hum Genet Lond, 33, pp. 71-79; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; Scarr, S., Effects of birth weight on later intelligence (1969) Soc Biol, 16, pp. 249-256; Willerman, L., Churchill, J.A., Intelligence and birth weight in identical twins (1967) Child Dev, 38, pp. 623-629; Boomsma, D.I., Van Beijsterveldt, C.E., Rietveld, M.J., Genetics mediate relation of birth weight to childhood IQ (2001) BMJ, 323, p. 1426; Najman, J.M., Aird, R., Bor, W., The generational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in child cognitive development and emotional health (2004) Soc Sci Med, 58, pp. 1147-1158; Dunn, L.M., Dunn, L.M., (1981) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Revised, , New York: American Guidance Service; De Lemos, M.M., (1989) Standard Progressive Matrices, Australian Manual, , Victoria: The Australian Education Council for Research; Wilkinson, G.S., (1993) Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT3) Administration Manual, , Wilmington, DE: Wide Range UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15544388220&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.025262&partnerID=40&md5=5d9645ccbfd123a967beb7abb2379ea0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult health and social outcomes of children who have been in public care: population-based study T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 115 IS - 4 SP - 894 EP - 899 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1542/peds.2004-1311 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Taylor, B. AD - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom AD - Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom AB - Objective. To examine adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and health outcomes of being in public care in childhood. Methods. The 1970 British birth cohort was followed up at 5 (N = 13 135), 10 (14 875), 16 (11 622), and 30 years (11 261). Cases were defined as those ever in statutory or voluntary public care at 5, 10, and 16 years. Self-reported adult outcomes were occupation, educational achievement, general health, psychological morbidity, history of homelessness, school exclusion, and convictions. Results. A total of 343 (3.6%) of 9557 had been in public care <17 years. Nonwhite children were more likely to have been in care (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-5.4). Controlling for socioeconomic status, men with a history of public care were less likely to attain high social class (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) and more likely to have been homeless (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8), have a conviction (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.4), have psychological morbidity (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.0), and be in poor general health (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.6). Similar associations were found in women. Men but not women with a history of care were more likely to be unemployed (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4 -5.0) and less likely to attain a higher degree (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2- 0.7). Non-white ethnicity was associated with poorer adult outcomes of being in care. Conclusions. Public care in childhood is associated with adverse adult socioeconomic, educational, legal, and health outcomes in excess of that associated with childhood or adult disadvantage. Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. KW - Foster care KW - Population health KW - Psychiatric disorders KW - Public health KW - Public policy KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - education KW - ethnology KW - female KW - health status KW - homelessness KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - occupation KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - public health service KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - crime KW - ethnic group KW - foster care KW - health status KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - statistics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crime KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Female KW - Foster Home Care KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Mental Health KW - Occupations KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 15805361 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: r.viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Acheson, D., (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (Great Britain), , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; Simms, M.D., Dubowitz, H., Szilagyi, M.A., Health care needs of children in the foster care system (2000) Pediatrics, 106, pp. 909-918; (1999) Health and Personal Social Services Statistics for England, , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; Williams, J., Jackson, S., Maddocks, A., Cheung, W.Y., Love, A., Hutchings, H., Case-control study of the health of those looked after by local authorities (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 280-285; Hill, C.M., Watkins, J., Statutory health assessments for looked-after children: What do they achieve? (2003) Child Care Health Dev, 29, pp. 3-13; Mitic, W., Rimer, M.L., The educational attainment of children in care in British Columbia (2003) Child Youth Care Forum, 32, p. 133; Rosenfeld, A.A., Pilowsky, D.J., Fine, P., Foster care: An update (1997) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36, pp. 448-457; Horwitz, S.M., Simms, M.D., Farrington, R., Impact of developmental problems on young children's exits from foster care (1994) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 15, pp. 105-110; Chernoff, R., Combs-Orme, T., Risley-Curtiss, C., Heisler, A., Assessing the health status of children entering foster care (1994) Pediatrics, 93, pp. 594-601; Heath, A.F., Colton, M.J., Aldgate, J., Failure to escape: A longitudinal study of foster children's educational attainment (1994) Br J Social Work, 24, pp. 241-260; Fanshel, D., Finch, S.J., Grundy, J.F., (1990) Foster Children in a Life Course Perspective, , New York, NY: Columbia University Press; Flint, B.M., Patridge, J.G., Stark, E.G., (1996) Pathways to Maturity: Insights from A Thirty-Year Study of Deprived Children, , Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press; Evans, A., (1996) We Don't Choose to Be Homeless: Report of the National Enquiry into Preventing Youth Homelessness, , London, United Kingdom: CHAR; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-Year-Olds, , Oxford, United Kingdom: Pergamon Press; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper 1, , UK Data Archive. London, United Kingdom: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; King, M., At risk drinking among general practice attenders: Validation of the CAGE questionnaire (1986) Psychol Med, 16, pp. 213-217; Buchsbaum, D.G., Buchanan, R.G., Centor, R.M., Schnoll, S.H., Lawton, M.J., Screening for alcohol abuse using CAGE scores and likelihood ratios (1991) Ann Intern Med, 115, pp. 774-777; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, United Kingdom: Longmans; Thorpe, K., Golding, J., MacGillivray, I., Greenwood, R., Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 875-878; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., (1992) Prepared for Living? A Survey of Young People Leaving the Care of Three Local Authorities, , London, United Kingdom: National Children's Bureau; Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., (1995) Moving On. Young People and Leaving Care Schemes, , London, United Kingdom: HMSO; Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 575-580; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., Flouri, E., Parental background, social disadvantage, public "care," and psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood (2000) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1415-1423; McCann, J.B., James, A., Wilson, S., Dunn, G., Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young people in the care system (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1529-1530; Wellings, K., Wadsworth, J., Johnson, A., Field, J., Macdowall, W., Teenage fertility and life chances (1999) Rev Reprod, 4, pp. 184-190; Polnay, L., Ward, H., Promoting the health of looked after children. Government proposals demand leadership and a culture change (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 661-662 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23244459869&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2004-1311&partnerID=40&md5=32eb885f78eeead50427c37694f9a9bc ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predictors of internalizing symptoms among very low birth weight young women T2 - Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics J2 - J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 104 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1097/00004703-200504000-00004 SN - 0196206X (ISSN) AU - Hack, M. AU - Youngstrom, E.A. AU - Cartar, L. AU - Schluchter, M. AU - Taylor, G.H. AU - Flannery, D.J. AU - Klein, N. AU - Borawski, E. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Department of Justice Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States AB - As part of a longitudinal study of the outcomes of very low birth weight children (<1.5 kg), we sought to examine the perinatal, childhood, and young adult predictors of internalizing symptoms among very low birth weight young women and their normal birth weight controls. The cohort included 125 very low birth weight and 124 normal birth weight 20-year-old subjects. Perinatal, childhood, and young adult predictors were examined via stepwise multivariate analyses. Results revealed very low birth weight to be a significant predictor of parent-reported internalizing symptoms of their daughters but only among white subjects who had mothers with high levels of psychological distress. Additional significant predictors of 20-year internalizing symptoms included child I.Q. and internalizing symptoms at age 8 years and family expressiveness. When the results were analyzed according to the young adult self-report, additional predictors of internalizing symptoms included a history of asthma and exposure to violence. Perinatal risk factors were not found to be predictive of internalizing symptoms at age 20 years. Future studies should prospectively examine social and environmental factors associated with the neonatal intensive care experience that might explain the effect of very low birth weight on later psychopathology. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. KW - Internalizing KW - Perinatal KW - Predictors KW - Very low birth weight KW - asthma KW - Caucasian KW - controlled study KW - distress syndrome KW - environmental factor KW - family life KW - family violence KW - female KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - mental task KW - multivariate analysis KW - newborn intensive care KW - outcomes research KW - prediction KW - prenatal diagnosis KW - priority journal KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - self report KW - social aspect KW - statistical significance KW - very low birth weight KW - Adult KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Very Low Birth Weight KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Psychology KW - Stress N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JDBPD C2 - 15827460 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hack, M.; Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; email: mxh7@cwru.edu N1 - References: Hack, M., Youngstrom, E.A., Cartar, L., Behavioral outcomes and evidence of psychopathology among very low birth weight infants at age 20 years (2004) Pediatrics, 114, pp. 932-940; Achenbach, T.M., (1997) Manual for the Young Adult Self-Report and Young Adult Behavior Checklist, , Burlington, VT: University of Vermont; Costello, E.J., Pine, D.S., Hammen, C., Development and natural history of mood disorders (2002) Biol. 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Neonate, 77, pp. 69-82; Minde, K.K., The impact of prematurity on the later behavior of children and on their families (1984) Clin. Perinatol., 11, pp. 227-244; Usher, R., McLean, F., Intrauterine growth of live-born Caucasian infants at sea level: Standards obtained from measurements in 7 dimensions of infants born between 25 and 44 weeks of gestation (1969) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 901-910 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17844365533&doi=10.1097%2f00004703-200504000-00004&partnerID=40&md5=4db83274644722a8ceff65dfe6b61117 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biosocial correlates of stature in a British national cohort T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 245 EP - 251 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1017/S0021932004006558 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AU - Lasker, G.W. AD - Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States AB - Analyses of height variation using the 1970 UK national cohort study (12,508 children at age 10 and 5470 at age 16) found clear evidence that children of higher socioeconomic status (as measured by social class, crowding, tenure, type of accommodation, income and receipt of government financial assistance) were on average taller than children of lower socio-economic status but there was little or no difference in average stature between children living in urban or rural areas. Significant differences in height remained for most of the variables after removing the effects of father's social class suggesting that reliance on social class per se to explain height variation is inadvisable. © 2004 Cambridge University Press. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - body height KW - child KW - crowding KW - female KW - government KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - rural area KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - social status KW - United Kingdom KW - urban area KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crowding KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Income KW - Male KW - Rural Population KW - Social Class KW - Urban Population N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 15768777 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Fogelman, K., (1983) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, , National Children's Bureau, London; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children - Results from the national Child Development Study (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 1-8; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Influence of social class on the correlation of stature of adult children with that of their mothers and fathers (1996) Journal of Biosocial Science, 28, pp. 117-122; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban children in relation to socioeconomic factors (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, p. 510; Liodgren, G.W., Cernerud, L., Physical growth and socioeconomic background of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933-1963 (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 1-16; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The biology of social class (1990) Biosocial Aspects of Social Class, , Mascie-Taylor, C. 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Wiley-Liss, New York; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, 2nd Edn., , Blackwell Scientific, Oxford; Terrell, T.R., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial correlates of stature in a 16-year old British cohort (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23, pp. 401-408; Topp, S.G., Cook, J., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of school children (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, p. 154 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644401805&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932004006558&partnerID=40&md5=8ce5e2bd4993d679e9684f72c1856a93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Family background, schooling and childlessness in Australia T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 229 EP - 243 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1017/S0021932004006546 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Parr, N.J. AD - Demographic Research Group, Div. of Economic and Fin. Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia AB - Using data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper analyses the extent to which childlessness among Australian women aged 40-54 years varies according to the size and type of family in which they were brought up, and the level and type of schooling they had. Multilevel logistic analysis shows that having been educated in a non-government school, having stayed at school to year 12, having a small number of siblings, at age 14 having a father who was either dead or absent, at age 14 having a father who was employed in a professional occupation, or being a migrant from North or West Europe, North America, East Asia or South-East Asia, all are significantly associated with higher rates of childlessness among women in the 40-54 years age range. The effects of these early lifecourse variables on marital and socioeconomic status in later life, and hence on childlessness, are also considered. The implications of the findings for fertility trends and for Australia's public debate are discussed. © 2004 Cambridge University Press. KW - adult KW - Asia KW - Australia KW - education KW - Europe KW - family KW - family size KW - female KW - female infertility KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - marriage KW - North America KW - review KW - social status KW - Adult KW - Australia KW - Educational Status KW - Family KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Marital Status KW - Middle Aged KW - Reproductive Behavior KW - Schools KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 15768776 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parr, N.J.; Demographic Research Group, Div. of Economic and Fin. Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia N1 - References: (1997) Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO), Second Edition, , Catalogue Number 1220-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2001) Births, , Catalogue Number 3301-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2002) Births, , Catalogue Number 3301-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2002) Social Trends, , Catalogue Number 4102-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2003) Schools, , Catalogue Number 4221-0. 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Pub. Health VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 26 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/09581590500048218 SN - 09581596 (ISSN) AU - Chopra, M. AD - University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535 Western Cape, South Africa AB - Inequalities in health are important for overall well-being even in developing countries. But research into this area has lagged behind developed countries partly because of the lack of routine and longitudinal data. Insights from developed countries have highlighted how risk factors are clustered around poor people and the ways in which pathways of poverty and poor health are formed during their lives. This is being overlaid by the process of globalization that seems to be accentuating these processes. The paucity of reliable routine data should encourage public health researchers in developing countries to stretch their methodological imagination to include qualitative insights in order to facilitate a more probing investigation that moves beyond describing inequalities but begins to describe how they are produced and reproduced. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - child health KW - cigarette smoking KW - developed country KW - developing country KW - diet KW - exercise KW - health behavior KW - health care access KW - health care cost KW - health care policy KW - health care utilization KW - health promotion KW - health status KW - human KW - medical research KW - nutritional status KW - poverty KW - public health KW - qualitative research KW - resource allocation KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomics KW - urbanization KW - wellbeing N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CPHRC LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Chopra, M.; School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535 Western Cape, South Africa; email: mchopra@uwc.ac.za N1 - References: Barnett, T., Whiteside, A., Decosas, J., The Jaipur paradigm: A conceptual framework for understanding social susceptibility and vulnerability to HIV (2000) South African Medical Journal, 90, pp. 1098-1101; Berkman, L.F., Social support, social networks, social cohesion and health (2000) Social Work and Health Care, 31, pp. 3-14; Berkman, L.F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., Seeman, T.E., From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium (2000) Social Science and Medicine, 51, pp. 843-857; Bradshaw, D., Groenewald, P., Laubscher, R., Nannan, N., Nojilana, B., Norman, R., (2003) Initial Burden of Disease Estimates for South Africa, , Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council; Bradshaw, D., Steyn, K., (2001) Poverty and Chronic Diseases, , Cape Town: Medical Research Council; Chopra, M., (2002) Diet and Globalisation, , Geneva: World Health Organisation; Chopra, M., Ross, F., (1995) Perceptions of Causes of Undernutrition in Rural South Africa, , Durban: Health Systems Trust; Chopra, M., Galbraith, S., Darnton-Hill, I., A global response to a global problem: The epidemic of overnutrition (2002) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80, pp. 952-958; Filmer, D., (2002) Fever and Its Treatment Among the More and Less Poor in Sub-Saharan Africa, , World Bank Development Economics Research Group working paper 2789. 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Diderichsen (Eds), London: Oxford University Press; Whitehead, M., Diderichsen, F., Burstrom, B., Researching the impact of public policy on inequalities in health (2000) Understanding Health Inequalities, , H. Graham (Ed.), Buckingham: Open University Press; (2000) Listening to the Voices of the Poor, , World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank; (1993) World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health, , World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank; (2001) Confronting the Tobacco Epidemic in an Era of Trade Liberalization, , World Health Organization Technical Report. Geneva: WHO Publications UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21244505018&doi=10.1080%2f09581590500048218&partnerID=40&md5=8e551735b8f75a1ff70e3262697769d7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The EPICure study: Associations and entecedents of neurological and developmental disability at the 30 months of age following extremely preterm birth T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. VL - 90 IS - 2 SP - F134 EP - F140 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/adc.2004.052407 SN - 13592998 (ISSN) AU - Wood, N.S. AU - Costeloe, K. AU - Gibson, A.T. AU - Hennessy, E.M. AU - Marlow, N. AU - Wilkinson, A.R. AD - Academic Division of Child Health, Queens Medical Centre, East Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom AD - Academic Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom AD - Jessop Wing, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom AD - Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To describe perinatal factors associated with later morbidity among extremely preterm children at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Population: Of 308 surviving children born at ≤25 weeks gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland from March to December 1995, 283 (92%) were evaluated at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Methods: Cerebral palsy, severe motor disability, and Bayley scores were used as dependent variables in sequential multiple regression analyses to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Results: Adverse outcomes were consistently more common in boys. Factors related to perinatal illness, ultrasound evidence of brain injury, and treatment (particularly postnatal steroids) were associated with adverse motor outcomes (cerebral palsy, disability or Bayley psychomotor development index). Increasing duration of postnatal steroid treatment was associated with poor motor outcomes. A score was developed for severe motor disability with good negative predictive value. In contrast, mental development was associated with a broader range of factors: ethnic group, maternal educational level, the use of antenatal steroids, and prolonged rupture of membranes in addition to chronic lung disease. Conclusion: Male sex is a pervasive risk factor for poor outcome at extremely low gestations. Avoidable or effective treatment factors are identified, which may indicate the potential for improving outcome. KW - article KW - Bayley score KW - brain injury KW - cerebral palsy KW - cognition KW - developmental disorder KW - disability KW - disease association KW - echography KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - human KW - Ireland KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental development KW - morbidity KW - motor dysfunction KW - perinatal morbidity KW - prematurity KW - prenatal care KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - psychomotor development KW - scoring system KW - steroid therapy KW - United Kingdom KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Male KW - Morbidity KW - Movement Disorders KW - Prognosis KW - Psychomotor Disorders KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Steroids N1 - Cited By :254 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 15724037 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Marlow, N.; Academic Division of Child Health, Queens Medical Centre, East Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; email: neil.marlow@nottingham.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Steroids N1 - References: Wood, N.S., Marlow, N., Costeloe, K., Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth (2000) N Engl J Med, 343, pp. 378-384. , EPICure Study Group; Vohr, B.R., Wright, L.L., Dusick, A.M., Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994 (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. 1216-1226; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Beckung, E., Changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. 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Hum. Resour. VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 335 EP - 353 PY - 2005 SN - 0022166X (ISSN) AU - Galindo-Rueda, F. AU - Vignoles, A. AD - Centre for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and IZA, Houghton St., London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Education and Centre for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom AB - Most countries seek to reduce inequality by encouraging educational attainment, particularly by striving for better outcomes for able individuals from poor backgrounds. We analyse whether this has been a feature of Britain's substantial expansion of education during the past several decades. We use two unique longitudinal studies to test whether these improvements have been associated with changes in the role of cognitive ability and parental background in determining educational achievement. We find a decline in the importance of ability in explaining educational performance, in part because low ability children with high economic status experienced the largest increases in educational attainment. © 2005 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. KW - education policy KW - educational attainment KW - socioeconomic status KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Galindo-Rueda, F.; Centre for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and IZA, Houghton St., London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: f.galindo-rueda@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Barro, R., Lee, J.-W., "International Data on Educational Attainment Updates and Implications" (2000), National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 7911. 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London: London School of EconomicsUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19844380032&partnerID=40&md5=08349d95ce3570751df3340fa54ec30b ER - TY - JOUR TI - The prevalence and incidence of asthma among young adults: A population-based study in five west Danish counties ST - Forekomst af astma hos yngre voksne: Et populationsbaseret studie i fem vestdanske amter T2 - Ugeskrift for Laeger J2 - Ugeskr. Laeg. VL - 167 IS - 6 SP - 648 EP - 651 PY - 2005 SN - 00415782 (ISSN) AU - Skadhauge, L.R. AU - Bælum, J. AU - Siersted, H.C. AU - Sherson, D.L. AU - Dahl, S. AU - Thomsen, G.F. AU - Omland, Ø. AU - Taudorf, E. AU - Sigsgaard, T.I. AD - Arbejds- og Miljomedicinsk Klinik, Haderslev Sygehus, DK-6100 Haderslev, Denmark AB - Introduction: In the past few decades, many studies from all over the world have demonstrated an increasing prevalence of asthma among both children and adults. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and changes in the incidence of asthma among younger Danish adults. Materials and methods: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) protocol was followed in this cross-sectional study. A short questionnaire including information about the one-year prevalence of asthma symptoms, use of asthma medicine and age at first attack of asthma was sent to 10,000 individuals between 20 and 44 years old in five west Danish counties. Results: 7,271 individuals (73%) returned the questionnaire. Diagnosed current asthma was reported by 8.1% (95% CI: 7.2-9.0) of the females and 5.7% (95% CI: 4.9-6.5) of the males. The cumulative asthma incidence in five birth cohorts increased progressively from the oldest cohort (born 1958-1962) to the youngest cohort (born 1978-1982). The annual incidence of first asthma attack between 0 and 10 years of age was greatest in the two youngest birth cohorts. There were no differences in incidence among the cohorts after the age of 20. Discussion: In comparison with earlier ECRHS results (Aarhus, 1994), a definite increase in the prevalence of diagnosed current asthma was observed. However, the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms was lower or similar. In conclusion, the prevalence of diagnosed asthma reported by younger adults continues to rise. This can be explained by a cohort effect with increasing asthma among children and youths or changes in diagnostic practices. KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - asthma KW - Denmark KW - female KW - health survey KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - onset age KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - questionnaire KW - sex difference KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Denmark KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: UGLAA C2 - 15771379 LA - Danish N1 - Correspondence Address: Skadhauge, L.R.; Arbejds- og Miljomedicinsk Klinik, Haderslev Sygehus, DK-6100 Haderslev, Denmark; email: lars_skadhauge@hs.sja.dk N1 - References: Hansen, E.F., Rappeport, Y., Vestbo, J., Increase in prevalence and severity of asthma in young adults in Copenhagen (2000) Thorax, 55, pp. 833-836; Linneberg, A., Nielsen, N.H., Madsen, F., Secular trends of allergic asthma in Danish adults. The Copenhagen Allergy Study (2001) Respir Med, 95, pp. 258-264; Kjøller, M., Rasmussen, N., (2002) Sundhed & Sygelighed i Danmark 2000 & Udviklingen Siden 1987, , Kebenhavn: Statens Institut for Folkesundhed; Manfreda, J., Becker, A.B., Wang, P.Z., Trends in physician-diagnosed asthma prevalence in Manitoba between 1980 and 1990 (1993) Chest, 103, pp. 151-157; Sunyer, J., Anto, J.M., Tobias, A., Generational increase of self-reported first attack of asthma in fifteen industrialized countries. European Community Respiratory Health Study (ECRHS) (1999) Eur Respir J, 14, pp. 885-891; Linneberg, A., Nielsen, N.H., Madsen, F., Is the increase in allergic respiratory disease caused by a cohort effect? (2002) Clin Exp Allergy, 32, pp. 1702-1705; Nystad, W., Magnus, P., Gulsvik, A., Changing prevalence of asthma in school children: Evidence for diagnostic changes in asthma in two surveys 13 yrs apart (1997) Eur Respir J, 10, pp. 1046-1051; Burney, P.G., Luczynska, C., Chinn, S., The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1994) Eur Respir J, 7, pp. 954-960; Variations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, self-reported asthma attacks, and use of asthma medication in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1996) Eur Respir J, 9, pp. 687-695; Siersted, H.C., Boldsen, J., Hansen, H.S., Population based study of risk factors for underdiagnosis of asthma in adolescence: Odense schoolchild study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 651-655; Wieringa, M.H., Vermeire, P.A., Brunekreef, B., Increased occurrence of asthma and allergy: Critical appraisal of studies using allergic sensitization, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and lung function measurements (2001) Clin Exp Allergy, 31, pp. 1553-1563; Toren, K., Brisman, J., Jarvholm, B., Asthma and asthma-like symptoms in adults assessed by questionnaires. A literature review (1993) Chest, 104, pp. 600-608; Lange, P., Ulrik, C.S., Vestbo, J., Mortality in adults with self-reported asthma (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1285-1289. , Copenhagen City Heart Study Group; Stewart, W., Brookmyer, R., Van Natta, M., Estimating age incidence from survey data with adjustments for recall errors (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 869-875 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844321309&partnerID=40&md5=4c817c0c71546fbf8e8a7d07cce493f8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental language disorders - A follow-up in later adult life. Cognitive, language and psychosocial outcomes T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 128 EP - 149 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00342.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Clegg, J. AU - Hollis, C. AU - Mawhood, L. AU - Rutter, M. AD - Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, 31 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom AD - University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom AB - Background: Little is known on the adult outcome and longitudinal trajectory of childhood developmental language disorders (DLD) and on the prognostic predictors. Method: Seventeen men with a severe receptive DLD in childhood, reassessed in middle childhood and early adult life, were studied again in their mid-thirties with tests of intelligence (IQ), language, literacy, theory of mind and memory together with assessments of psychosocial outcome. They were compared with the non language disordered siblings of the DLD cohort to control for shared family background, adults matched to the DLD cohort on age and performance IQ (IQM group) and a cohort from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) matched to the DLD cohort on childhood IQ and social class. Results: The DLD men had normal intelligence with higher performance IQ than verbal IQ, a severe and persisting language disorder, severe literacy impairments and significant deficits in theory of mind and phonological processing. Within the DLD cohort higher childhood intelligence and language were associated with superior cognitive and language ability at final adult outcome. In their mid-thirties, the DLD cohort had significantly worse social adaptation (with prolonged unemployment and a paucity of close friendships and love relationships) compared with both their siblings and NCDS controls. Self-reports showed a higher rate of schizotypal features but not affective disorder. Four DLD adults had serious mental health problems (two had developed schizophrenia). Conclusion: A receptive developmental language disorder involves significant deficits in theory of mind, verbal short-term memory and phonological processing, together with substantial social adaptation difficulties and increased risk of psychiatric disorder in adult life. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004. KW - Adult outcome KW - Cognitive profile KW - Developmental language disorder KW - Longitudinal KW - Psychiatric morbidity KW - Psychosocial outcome KW - Schizophrenia KW - Trajectory KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - clinical article KW - cognitive defect KW - controlled study KW - developmental disorder KW - disease severity KW - dyslexia KW - follow up KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - language disability KW - male KW - memory disorder KW - mental disease KW - morbidity KW - outcomes research KW - prediction KW - prognosis KW - reading KW - risk assessment KW - schizophrenia KW - schizotypal personality disorder KW - self report KW - social adaptation KW - social psychology KW - verbal memory KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cognition KW - Comorbidity KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Language Development Disorders KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Social Adjustment N1 - Cited By :275 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPPDA C2 - 15679523 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Clegg, J.; Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, 31 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom; email: j.clegg@sheffield.ac.uk N1 - References: (1994) American Psychiatric Association. 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Geneva: World Health Organisation; Ziatus, K., Durkin, K., Pratt, C., Belief term development in children with autism, Asperger syndrome, specific language impairment and normal development: Links to theory of mind development (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 755-763 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15844427405&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.2004.00342.x&partnerID=40&md5=eaff9c5bd144ce762c70c3a7dc0f2e2b ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of 'confounding by indication' in assessing the effect of quality of care on disease outcomes in general practice: Results of a case-control study T2 - BMC Health Services Research J2 - BMC Health Serv. Res. VL - 5 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1186/1472-6963-5-10 SN - 14726963 (ISSN) AU - De Koning, J.S. AU - Klazinga, N.S. AU - Koudstaal, P.J. AU - Prins, A. AU - Borsboom, G.J.J.M. AU - Mackenbach, J.P. AD - Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands AD - Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Netherlands AB - Background: In quality of care research, limited information is found on the relationship between quality of care and disease outcomes. This case-control study was conducted with the aim to assess the effect of guideline adherence for stroke prevention on the occurrence of stroke in general practice. We report on the problems related to a variant of confounding by indication, that may be common in quality of care studies. Methods: Stroke patients (cases) and controls were recruited from the general practitioner's (GP) patient register, and an expert panel assessed the quality of care of cases and controls using guideline-based review criteria. Results: A total of 86 patients was assessed. Compared to patients without shortcomings in preventive care, patients who received sub-optimal care appeared to have a lower risk of experiencing a stroke (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.53). This result was partly explained by the presence of risk factors (6.1 per cases, 4.4 per control), as reflected by the finding that the OR came much closer to 1.00 after adjustment for the number of risk factors (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.29 to 2.30). Patients with more risk factors for stroke had a lower risk of sub-optimal care (OR for the number of risk factors present 0.76; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.94). This finding represents a variant of 'confounding by indication', which could not be fully adjusted for due to incomplete information on risk factors for stroke. Conclusions: At present, inaccurate recording of patient and risk factor information by GPs seriously limits the potential use of a case-control method to assess the effect of guideline adherence on disease outcome in general practice. We conclude that studies on the effect of quality of care on disease outcomes, like other observational studies of intended treatment effect, should be designed and performed such that confounding by indication is minimized. © 2005 de Koning et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. KW - accuracy KW - adult KW - aged KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - female KW - general practitioner KW - health care KW - health care quality KW - human KW - information processing KW - intermethod comparison KW - male KW - medical information KW - patient compliance KW - practice guideline KW - preventive health service KW - prognosis KW - register KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - sample size KW - statistical model KW - stroke KW - case control study KW - complication KW - epidemiology KW - general practice KW - health behavior KW - health care quality KW - hypertension KW - middle aged KW - Netherlands KW - procedures KW - risk KW - standards KW - statistics and numerical data KW - Stroke KW - treatment outcome KW - very elderly KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Family Practice KW - Female KW - Guideline Adherence KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Netherlands KW - Odds Ratio KW - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Stroke N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus C2 - 15676067 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre RotterdamNetherlands; email: j.s.dekoning@amc.uva.nl N1 - References: Calman, K.C., (1994) Report on Confidential Inquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom 1988-1990, , London, Department of Health; Perinatal mortality: A continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) BMJ, 288, pp. 1717-1720; Macfarlane, A., Perinatal mortality surveys (1984) BMJ, 289, pp. 1473-1474; Wood, B., Catford, J.C., Cogswell, J.J., Confidential paediatric inquiry into neonatal deaths in Wessex, 1981 and 1982 (1984) BMJ, 288, pp. 1206-1208; Lohr, K.N., Sundwall, D.N., Bergman, D., (1990) A Strategy for Quality Assurance. 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Rockville, MD; De Koning, J.S., Klazinga, N.S., Koudstaal, P.J., Prins, A., Dippel, D.W., Heeringa, J., Kleyweg, R.P., Mackenbach, J.P., Quality of care in stroke prevention: Results of an audit study among general practitioners (2004) Prev Med, 38, pp. 129-136; Bergman, L., Van Der Meulen, J.H.P., Limburg, M., Habbema, J.D.F., Costs of medical care after first-ever stroke in The Netherlands (1995) Stroke, 26, pp. 1830-1836; Mant, J., Murphy, M., Rose, P., Vessey, M., The accuracy of general practitioner records of smoking and alcohol use: Comparison with patient questionnaires (2000) J Public Health Med, 22, pp. 198-200; Van Drenth, B.B., Hulscher, M.E., Van Der Wouden, J.C., Mokkink, H., Van Weel, C., Grol, R., Relationship between practice organization and cardiovasculair risk factor recording in general practise (1998) Br J Gen Pract, 48, pp. 1054-1058 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14544289602&doi=10.1186%2f1472-6963-5-10&partnerID=40&md5=7518bd76126dfc2ce01ec76599494708 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review T2 - BMC Public Health J2 - BMC Public Health VL - 5 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-5-7 SN - 14712458 (ISSN) AU - Pollitt, R.A. AU - Rose, K.M. AU - Kaufman, J.S. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ. of NC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AB - Background: A relatively consistent body of research supports an inverse graded relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). More recently, researchers have proposed various life course SES hypotheses, which posit that the combination, accumulation, and/or interactions of different environments and experiences throughout life can affect adult risk of CVD. Different life course designs have been utilized to examine the impact of SES throughout the life course. This systematic review describes the four most common life course hypotheses, categorizes the studies that have examined the associations between life course SES and CVD according to their life course design, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the different designs, and summarizes the studies' findings. Methods: This research reviewed 49 observational studies in the biomedical literature that included socioeconomic measures at a time other than adulthood as independent variables, and assessed subclinical CHD, incident CVD morbidity and/or mortality, and/or the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors as their outcomes. Studies were categorized into four groups based upon life course design and analytic approach. The study authors' conclusions and statistical tests were considered in summarizing study results. Results: Study results suggest that low SES throughout the life course modestly impacts CVD risk factors and CVD risk. Specifically, studies reviewed provided moderate support for the role of low early-life SES and elevated levels of CVD risk factors and CVD morbidity and mortality, little support for a unique influence of social mobility on CVD, and consistent support for the detrimental impact of the accumulation of negative SES experiences/conditions across the life course on CVD risk. Conclusions: While the basic life course SES study designs have various methodologic and conceptual limitations, they provide an important approach from which to examine the influence of social factors on CVD development. Some limitations may be addressed through the analysis of study cohorts followed from childhood, the evaluation of CVD risk factors in early and middle adulthood, and the use of multiple SES measures and multiple life course analysis approaches in each life course study. © 2005 Pollitt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. KW - acute heart infarction KW - cardiovascular disease KW - cardiovascular risk KW - clinical research KW - congestive heart failure KW - human KW - medical assessment KW - medical literature KW - prevalence KW - review KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical model KW - stroke KW - systematic review KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - evaluation study KW - life event KW - longitudinal study KW - risk assessment KW - social class KW - social environment KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Humans KW - Life Change Events KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :265 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus C2 - 15661071 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pollitt, R.A.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ. of NC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; email: pollitt@email.unc.edu N1 - References: Aronowitz, R.A., Making Sense of Illness: Science, Society, and Disease (1998) Cambridge History of Medicine, , Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press; Labarthe, D., Causation and prevention of cardiovascular diseases: An overview of the contributions of 20th-century epidemiology (1998) Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Global Challenge, pp. 17-25. , Gaithersburg, Md., Aspen Publishers; Kuh, D., Smith, G.D., The life course and adult chronic disease: An historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 15-41. , Edited by: Kuh D and Ben-Shlomo Y. 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Prospective evidence from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (1997) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 17, pp. 513-519 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644435074&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2458-5-7&partnerID=40&md5=01a16e1e73e46fc77dd9cace0ad68686 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in diet and physical activity in the 1990s in a large British sample (1958 birth cohort) T2 - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 56 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602032 SN - 09543007 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Manor, O. AU - Power, C. AD - Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Public Health/Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Objectives: To investigate whether adults studied in 1991 and 1999 (at ages 33 and 42 y) improved their diet and their physical activity level, in the direction of recommendations issued during the same period. Design: Longitudinal 1958 British birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births, 3rd-9th March, 1958. A minimum of 11 341 participants provided data at 33y, 11 361 at 42 y. Main outcome measures: Frequency of leisure time activity and consumption of (i) fried food, (ii) chips, (iii) wholemeal bread and (iv) fruit and salad/raw vegetables, at 33 and 42 y. Results: Most people changed their physical activity and dietary habits over the 8-y period. About a third of men and women increased, and a third decreased their activity frequency. Findings for fried food consumption were similar. A significantly greater proportion of cohort members decreased their chips consumption (32%), rather than increased it (17%) and increased their fruit and salad consumption (30%), rather than decreased it (25%). In all, 26% of men and 33% of women consistently ate, or switched to eating mostly wholemeal bread, while 56% of men and 48% of women consistently ate less or switched to eating less. Social gradients were seen for activity and diet in 1991, but associations between social factors or body mass index and change in activity or diet were inconsistent. Conclusions: Lifestyle habits such as dietary intake and physical activity are slow to change. Current health promotion strategies may need to be supplemented with additional methods to affect the desired change in these habits. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Cohort study KW - Diet KW - Physical activity KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - bread KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - dietary intake KW - eating habit KW - feeding behavior KW - female KW - food intake KW - fruit KW - frying KW - health promotion KW - human KW - leisure KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - meal KW - physical activity KW - raw food KW - sex ratio KW - social aspect KW - United Kingdom KW - vegetable KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Food Habits KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Promotion KW - Humans KW - Leisure Activities KW - Male KW - Sex Distribution N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJCNE C2 - 15266307 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parsons, T.J.; Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom; email: t.parsons@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical Data Analysis, , New York: Wiley; A report on activity patterns and fitness levels (1992), Allied Dunbar Health and Fitness Survey London: Sports Council and Health Education Authority; American College of Sports Medicine position stand. 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KJ Rothman & S Greenland, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12144267940&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ejcn.1602032&partnerID=40&md5=43c78bb6873a062ce57feff04fdfbd13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular identification of simian virus 40 infection in healthy Italian subjects by birth cohort T2 - Molecular Medicine J2 - Mol. Med. VL - 11 IS - 1-12 SP - 48 EP - 51 PY - 2005 DO - 10.2119/2005-00007.Taioli SN - 10761551 (ISSN) AU - Paracchini, V. AU - Garte, S. AU - Pedotti, P. AU - Poli, F. AU - Frison, S. AU - Taioli, E. AD - Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Milano, Italy AD - Genetics Research Institute ONLUS, Milano, Italy AD - Centro Trasfusionale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Milano, Italy AD - Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milano, Italy AB - Simian virus SV40, an oncogenic virus in rodents, was accidentally transmitted to humans through the Poliovirus vaccine during the years 1955 to 1963. If the vaccination program were the major source of human infection, then differences in SV40 infection rates by cohort of birth should be observed. The aim of this study was to address this issue. In 134 healthy Italian Caucasian subjects, 15 DNA samples were positive for SV40 by nested polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. The prevalence of genomic infection did not differ across cohorts of birth from 1924 to 1983, however DNA sequencing revealed viral strain differences in individuals born before 1947 and after 1958. While horizontal transmission following the introduction of the polio vaccine could explain the presence of SV40 DNA in younger people, our results also suggest the possibility that other sources of the virus may also be involved in human SV40 infection. KW - poliomyelitis vaccine KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - DNA determination KW - DNA sequence KW - female KW - gene identification KW - human KW - infection rate KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - Simian virus 40 KW - virus identification KW - virus infection KW - virus strain KW - virus transmission KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cohort Studies KW - DNA, Viral KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Italy KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Polyomavirus Infections KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Simian virus 40 KW - Tumor Virus Infections N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: MOMEE C2 - 16032367 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Taioli, E.; Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milano, Italy; email: taioli@policlinico.mi.it N1 - Chemicals/CAS: DNA, Viral N1 - References: Butel, J.S., Lednicky, J.A., Cell and molecular biology of simian virus 40: Implications for human infections and disease (1999) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 91, pp. 119-134; Strickler, H.D., Trends in US pleural mesothelioma incidence rates following simian virus 40 contamination of early poliovaccines (2003) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 95, pp. 38-45; Shah, K.V., Nathanson, N., Human exposure to SV40: Review and comments (1976) Am. J. Epidemiol., 103, pp. 1-12; Lopez-Rios, F., Illei, P.B., Rusch, V., Ladanyi, M., Evidence against a role for SV40 infection in human mesotheliomas and high risk of false-positive PCR results owing to presence of SV40 sequences in common laboratory plasmids (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 1157-1166; Barbanti-Brodano, G., Simian virus 40 infection in humans and association with human diseases: Results and hypotheses (2004) Virology, 318, pp. 1-9; Shah, K.V., Galloway, D.A., Knowles, W.A., Viscidi, R.P., Simian virus 40 (SV40) and human cancer: A review of the serological data (2004) Rev. Med. 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Rev., 17, pp. 495-508; Gustincich, S., Manfioletti, G., Del Sal, G., Schneider, C., Carninci, P., A fast method for high-quality genomic DNA extraction from whole human blood (1991) Biotechniques, 3, pp. 298-300; Lednicky, J.A., Garcea, R.L., Bersagel, D.J., Butel, J.S., Natural simian virus 40 strains are present in human choroid plexus and ependymoma tumors (1995) Virology, 212, pp. 710-717; Stewart, A.R., Lednicky, J.A., Butel, J.S., Sequence analyses of human tumor-associated SV40 DNAs and SV40 viral isolates from monkeys and humans (1998) J. Neurovirol., 4, pp. 182-193; Lednicky, J.A., Natural isolates of simian virus 40 from immunocompromised monkeys display extensive genetic heterogeneity: New implications for polyomavirus disease (1998) J. Virol., 72, pp. 3980-3990; Butel, J.S., Arrington, A.S., Wong, C., Lednicky, J.A., Finegold, M.J., Molecular evidence of simian virus 40 infections in children (1999) J. Infect. Dis., 180, pp. 884-887; Lednicky, J.A., Butel, J.S., Simian virus 40 regulatory region structural diversity and the association of viral archetypal regulatory regions with human brain tumors (2001) Semin. Cancer Biol., 11, pp. 39-47; Knowles, W.A., Population-based study of antibody to the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV and the simian polyomavirus SV40 (2003) J. Med. Virol., 71, pp. 115-123; Vilchez, R.A., Kozinetz, C.A., Arrington, A.S., Madden, C.R., Butel, J.S., Simian virus 40 in human cancers (2003) Am. J. Med., 114 (8), pp. 675-684; Klein, G., Powers, A., Croce, C., Association of SV40 with human tumors (2002) Oncogene, 21, pp. 1141-1149; A multicenter evoluotion of assays for detection of SV40 DNA and results in masked mesothelioma specimens (2001) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkere Preven., 10, pp. 523-532; Jasani, B., Association of SV40 with human tumours (2001) Semin. Cancer Biol., 11, pp. 49-61; Shivapurkar, N., Presence of simian virus 40 DNA sequences in human lymphomas (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 851-852; Martini, F., Human brain tumors and simian virus 40 (1995) J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 87, p. 1331; Martini, F., SV40 early region and large T antigen in human brain tumors, peripheral blood cells, and sperm fluids from healthy individuals (1996) Cancer Res., 56, pp. 4820-4825; Carbone, M., Simian virus 40-like DNA sequences in human pleural mesothelioma (1994) Oncogene, 9, pp. 1781-1790; Procopio, A., SV40 expression in human neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues: Perspectives on diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of human malignant mesothelioma (1998) Dev. Biol. Stand., 94, pp. 361-367; Forsman, Z.H., Phylogenetic analysis of polyomavirus simian virus 40 from monkeys and humans reveals genetic variation (2004) J. Virol., 78, pp. 9306-9316; Vastag, B., Sewage yields clues to SV40 transmission (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1337-1341 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646515533&doi=10.2119%2f2005-00007.Taioli&partnerID=40&md5=6ba776740e57d54f4bb5fa45461b9c2d ER - TY - JOUR TI - The lasting impact of childhood health and circumstance T2 - Journal of Health Economics J2 - J. Health Econ. VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 365 EP - 389 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.09.008 SN - 01676296 (ISSN) AU - Case, A. AU - Fertig, A. AU - Paxson, C. AD - Center for Health and Wellbeing, Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States AD - 367 Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, United States AD - Wylie Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States AD - 316 Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States AB - We quantify the lasting effects of childhood health and economic circumstances on adult health, employment and socioeconomic status, using data from a birth cohort that has been followed from birth into middle age. Controlling for parental income, education and social class, children who experience poor health have significantly lower educational attainment, poorer health, and lower social status as adults. Childhood health and circumstance appear to operate both through their impact on initial adult health and economic status, and through a continuing direct effect of prenatal and childhood health in middle age. Overall, our findings suggest more attention be paid to health as a potential mechanism through which intergenerational transmission of economic status takes place: cohort members born into poorer families experienced poorer childhood health, lower investments in human capital and poorer health in early adulthood, all of which are associated with lower earnings in middle age - the years in which they themselves become parents. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Childhood health KW - Life course models KW - NCDS KW - Panel data KW - child health KW - health status KW - medical geography KW - panel data KW - socioeconomic status KW - academic achievement KW - attention KW - capital KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - economic aspect KW - education KW - employment KW - experience KW - family KW - health care KW - health status KW - human KW - investment KW - parent KW - prenatal period KW - review KW - social class KW - socioeconomics PB - Elsevier N1 - Cited By :564 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JHECD C2 - 15721050 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Case, A.; 367 Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, United States; email: accase@princeton.edu N1 - References: Adams, P., Hurd, M.D., McFadden, D., Merrill, A., Ribeiro, T., Healthy, wealthy and wise? 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(1998) The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 285 (3), pp. 931-945; Smith, J.P., Healthy bodies and thick wallets: The dual relationship between health and economic status (1999) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13 (2), pp. 145-166; Smith, J.P., (2003) Consequences and Predictors of New Health Events, , NBER Working Paper W10063; Thomas, D., Frankenberg, E., Friedman, J., Habicht, J.-P., Hakimi, M., Jaswadi, Jones, N., Wilopo, S., (2003) Iron Deficiency and the Well-being of Older Adults: Early Results from a Randomized Nutrition Intervention, , Mimeo, May 2003, University of California, Los Angeles; Wu, S., The effects of health events on the economic status of married couples (2003) Journal of Human Resources, 36 (1), pp. 209-230 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844275495&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhealeco.2004.09.008&partnerID=40&md5=820f9e3ee63b6132ff62d5a5a4a8c463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality rates: Adjusting for risk factor profile is essential T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 56 EP - 58 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00625.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Rankin, J. AU - Pearce, M.S. AU - Bell, R. AU - Glinianaia, S.V. AU - Parker, L. AD - Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - Sch. Clin. Med. Sci. (Child Hlth.), University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom AB - Perinatal mortality has long been used as a comparative measure of health and health care across regions, countries and over time. Recently, the validity of the measure has been questioned. Using data from a population-based survey of late fetal losses, stillbirths and infant deaths, the Northern Perinatal Mortality Survey we demonstrate the potential for inaccuracy of crude measures of perinatal mortality. Such measures are generally not adjusted for characteristics of the population (e.g. birthweight, maternal age, plurality, gender) which are known to affect risk of adverse pregnancy outcome when comparing temporal or geographical trends. We also show the effect of standardising for these factors on the most frequent causes of perinatal death. We recommend the construction of a 'standard birth population' for calculating standardised perinatal mortality rates that would improve direct comparisons between populations. KW - child death KW - fetus KW - fetus wastage KW - health care system KW - health survey KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - maternal age KW - perinatal mortality KW - population research KW - review KW - risk factor KW - standardization KW - stillbirth KW - validation process KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Risk Assessment N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 15670110 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rankin, J.; Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; email: j.m.rankin@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Perinatal mortality rates - Time for change? 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(2003) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 17, pp. 114-116 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844321267&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.2004.00625.x&partnerID=40&md5=96f33a8d46f9e664b5ad6255c4fe5863 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: The Bogalusa heart study T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 27 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1542/peds.2004-0220 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Freedman, D.S. AU - Khan, L.K. AU - Serdula, M.K. AU - Dietz, W.H. AU - Srinivasan, S.R. AU - Berenson, G.S. AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States AD - Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States AB - Objective. Although many studies have found that childhood levels of body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) are associated with adult levels, it has been reported that childhood BMI is not associated with adult adiposity. We further examined these longitudinal associations. Design. Cohort study based on examinations between 1973 and 1996. Setting. Bogalusa, Louisiana. Participants. Children (2610; ages 2-17 years old) who were followed to ages 18 to 37 years; the mean follow-up was 17.6 years. Main Outcome Measures. BMI-for-age and triceps skinfold thickness (SF) were measured in childhood. Subscapular and triceps SFs were measured among adults, and the mean SF was used as an adiposity index. Adult obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and adult overfat as a mean SF in the upper (gender-specific) quartile. Results. Childhood levels of both BMI and triceps SF were associated with adult levels of BMI and adiposity. The magnitude of these longitudinal associations increased with childhood age, but the BMI levels of even the youngest (ages 2-5 years) children were moderately associated (r = 0.33-0.41) with adult adiposity. Overweight (BMI-for-age ≥ 95th centile) 2- to 5-year-olds were >4 times as likely to become overfat adults (15 of 23 [65%]), as were children with a BMI < 50th centile (30 of 201 [15%]). Even after accounting for the triceps SF of children, BMI-for-age provided additional information on adult adiposity. Conclusions. Childhood BMI is associated with adult adiposity, but it is possible that the magnitude of this association depends on the relative fatness of children. Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. KW - Adult adiposity KW - Body mass index KW - Bogalusa Heart Study KW - Longitudinal study KW - Obesity KW - Skinfolds KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age distribution KW - article KW - body mass KW - child KW - childhood KW - clinical examination KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - human experiment KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - medical information KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - scapula KW - skinfold thickness KW - triceps brachii muscle KW - United States KW - anthropometry KW - body height KW - body weight KW - comparative study KW - preschool child KW - prognosis KW - skinfold thickness KW - Adolescent KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prognosis KW - Skinfold Thickness N1 - Cited By :524 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 15629977 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Freedman, D.S.; Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States; email: dfreedman@cdc.gov N1 - References: Garn, S.M., Leonard, W.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Three limitations of the body mass index (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 996-997; Horlick, M., Body mass index in childhood - Measuring a moving target (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp. 4059-4060; Daniels, S.R., Khoury, P.R., Morrison, J.A., The utility of body mass index as a measure of body fatness in children and adolescents: Differences by race and gender (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 804-807; Lindsay, R.S., Hanson, R.L., Roumain, J., Ravussin, E., Knowler, W.C., Tataranni, P.A., Body mass index as a measure of adiposity in children and adolescents: Relationship to adiposity by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and to cardiovascular risk factors (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp. 4061-4067; Mei, Z., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Pietrobelli, A., Goulding, A., Goran, M.I., Dietz, W.H., Validity of body mass index compared with other bodycomposition screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness in children and adolescents (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 75, pp. 978-985; Taylor, R.W., Falorni, A., Jones, I.E., Goulding, A., Identifying adolescents with high percentage body fat: A comparison of BMI cutoffs using age and stage of pubertal development compared with BMI cutoffs using age alone (2003) Eur J Clin Nutr, 57, pp. 764-769; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? 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Alterations in anthropometric blood pressure and serum lipoprotein variables (1986) J Chronic Dis, 39, pp. 91-103; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., CDC growth charts: United States (2000) Adv Data, 314, pp. 1-27; Ogden, C.L., Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: Improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 45-60; Himes, J.H., Dietz, W.H., Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 307-316. , The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services; Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Criteria for definition of overweight in transition: Background and recommendations for the United States (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1074-1081; Harrell Jr., F.E., (2001) Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analyses, pp. 121-146. , New York, NY: Springer; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Hawk, L.J., Brook, C.G., Influence of body fatness in childhood on fatness in adult life (1979) Br Med J, 1 (6157), pp. 151-152; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 283, pp. 13-17; Clarke, W.R., Lauer, R.M., Does childhood obesity track into adulthood? (1993) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 33, pp. 423-430; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Guo, S.S., Wu, W., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 653-658; Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Two-decade follow-up of fatness in early childhood (1985) Am J Dis Child, 139, pp. 181-185; Gasser, T., Ziegler, P., Seifert, B., Molinari, L., Largo, R.H., Prader, A., Prediction of adult skinfolds and body mass from infancy through adolescence (1995) Ann Hum Biol, 22, pp. 217-233; Cronk, C.E., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Kent, R., Longitudinal trends of weight/stature2 in childhood in relationship to adulthood body fat measures (1982) Hum Biol, 54, pp. 751-764; Miller, F.J.W., Knox, E.G., Court, S.D.M., Brandon, S., (1974) The School Years in Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1952-62, pp. 54-66. , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Schaefer, F., Georgi, M., Wuhl, E., Scharer, K., Body mass index and percentage fat mass in healthy German schoolchildren and adolescents (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 461-469; Bray, G.A., DeLany, J.P., Harsha, D.W., Volaufova, J., Champagne, C.C., Evaluation of body fat in fatter and leaner 10-y-old African American and white children: The Baton Rouge Children's Study (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 73, pp. 687-702; Freedman, D.S., Wang, J., Maynard, L.M., Relation of BMI to fat and fat-free mass among children and adolescents (2005) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, p. 29. , In press; Bray, G.A., DeLany, J.P., Volaufova, J., Harsha, D.W., Champagne, C., Prediction of body fat in 12-y-old African American and white children: Evaluation of methods (2002) Am J Clin Nut, 76, pp. 980-990; Kamimura, M.A., Avesani, C.M., Cendoroglo, M., Canziani, M.E., Draibe, S.A., Cuppari, L., Comparison of skinfold thicknesses and bioelectrical impedance analysis with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body fat in patients on long-term haemodialysis therapy (2003) Nephrol Dial Transplant, 18, pp. 101-105; Parker, L., Reilly, J.J., Slater, C., Wells, J.C., Pitsiladis, Y., Validity of six field and laboratory methods for measurement of body composition in boys (2003) Obes Res, 11, pp. 852-858; Ellis, K.J., Human body composition: In vivo methods (2000) Physiol Rev, 80, pp. 649-680; Kushner, R.F., Gudivaka, R., Schoeller, D.A., Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64 (SUPPL.), pp. 423s-427s; Braddon, F.E., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E., Davies, J.M., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 293, pp. 299-303; Freedman, D.S., Khan, L.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2001) Pediatrics, 108, pp. 712-718; Freedman, D.S., Dietz, W.H., Tang, R., The relation of obesity throughout life to carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, pp. 159-166 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16844383293&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2004-0220&partnerID=40&md5=da759b7a439d52aca5403dc6911bc3ad ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic position across the lifecourse: How does it relate to cognitive function in mid-life? T2 - Annals of Epidemiology J2 - Ann. Epidemiol. VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 572 EP - 578 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.10.007 SN - 10472797 (ISSN) AU - Singh-Manoux, A. AU - Richards, M. AU - Marmot, M. AD - International Centre for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom AD - INSERM, Hôpital National de Saint-Maurice, Saint-Maurice Cedex, France AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom AD - INSERM, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, HNSM, 14 rue du Val d'Osne, France AB - PURPOSE: To examine the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) over the lifecourse and cognitive function in middle age. Two alternative models were assessed: the "direct effects model" where temporally distinct measures of SEP have only direct effects on adult cognition, and the "indirect effects" model where the effect of early life SEP are mediated through later life measures of SEP. METHODS: Data are from the Whitehall II study (N = 10,308 at baseline), a longitudinal cohort study of British civil servants, aged between 46 and 68 years at the time of cognitive testing. Structural equation models were used to compare the fit of direct and indirect effects models, and quantify the effects of different measures of SEP on cognition. Childhood SEP, education, and adult SEP were used to model SEP across the lifecourse. Cognitive function was assessed as a latent construct composed of the following: verbal memory, AH 4-I, Mill Hill, phonemic and semantic fluency. RESULTS: The indirect effects model provided a better fit to the data. Childhood SEP had no direct effect on cognitive function but had a substantial "indirect effect," mediated through education and adult SEP. 78.4% of the effect of education in men and 100% in women was indirect. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic differences in adult cognition are a result of the socioeconomic trajectory of individuals throughout their lifecourse. Early measures of SEP influence cognition indirectly, through their influence on later measures of SEP. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Childhood SEP KW - Cognitive Function KW - Direct and Indirect Effects KW - Health Inequalities KW - Lifecourse KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cognition KW - correlation coefficient KW - education KW - female KW - health economics KW - human KW - income KW - male KW - outcome assessment KW - priority journal KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - structural equation modeling PB - Elsevier Inc. N1 - Cited By :51 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ANNPE C2 - 16118001 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Singh-Manoux, A.; INSERM, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, HNSM, 14 rue du Val d'Osne, France; email: A.Singh-Manoux@ucl.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: British Heart Foundation, British Heart Foundation N1 - Funding details: AG13196, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging N1 - Funding details: HL36310, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute N1 - Funding details: Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Executive N1 - Funding details: Medical Research Council, Medical Research Council N1 - Funding details: Health Research Foundation, Health Research Foundation N1 - Funding details: HS06516, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research N1 - Funding details: Department of Health, Department of Health N1 - Funding text: The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (AG13196), US, NIH; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socioeconomic Status and Health. MM is supported by an MRC Research Professorship. N1 - References: Rowe, D.C., Jacobson, K.C., Van Den Oord, J.C.G., Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ: Parental education as a moderator (1999) Child Dev, 70, pp. 1151-1162; Jefferies, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort (2000) BMJ, 235, pp. 305-308; Sommerfelt, K., Andersson, H.W., Sonnander, K., Ahlsten, G., Ellertsen, B., Markestad, T., Cognitive development of term small for gestational age children at five years of age (2000) Arch Dis Child, 83, pp. 25-30; Holland, C.A., Rabbitt, P., The course and causes of cognitive change with advancing age (1991) Rev Clin Gerontol, 1, pp. 81-96; Katzman, R., Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. 13-20; Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black Report on socioeconomic inequalities 10 years on (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 373-377; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., Whitehead, M., (1992) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, , London, UK: Penguin Books; Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 1121-1123; Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Looman, C.W.N., Mackenbach, J.P., Does childhood socioeconomic status influence adult health through behavioural factors? (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 431-437; Alvarado, B.E., Zunzunegui, M.-V., Del Ser, T., Beland, F., Cognitive decline is related to education and occupation in a Spanish elderly cohort (2002) Aging, 14, pp. 132-142; Kaplan, G.A., Turrell, G., Lynch, J.W., Everson, S.A., Helkala, E.-L., Salonen, J.T., Childhood socioeconomic position and cognitive function in adulthood (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 256-263; Turrell, G., Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Everson, S.A., Helkala, E.-L., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic position across the lifecourse and cognitive function in late middle age (2002) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 57, pp. 43-51; Singh-Manoux, A., Clarke, P., Marmot, M., Multiple measures of socioeconomic position and psychosocial health: Proximal and distal effects (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 1192-1199; Marmot, M.G., Davey Smith, G., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; Heim, A.W., (1970) AH 4 Group Test of General Intelligence, , Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson Publishing Company Ltd; Raven, J.C., (1965) Guide to Using the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale with Progressive Matrices, , London, UK: HK Lewis; Borkowski, J.G., Benton, A.L., Spreen, O., Word fluency and brain damage (1967) Neuropsychologia, 5, pp. 135-140; Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis, , Upper Sadle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc; Arbuckle, J.L., Wothke, W., (1995) Amos 4.0 User's Guide, , Chicago: Small Waters Corp; Mueller, R.O., (1996) Basic Principles of Structural Equation Modeling, , New York: Springer Verlag; Arbuckle, J.L., Full-information estimation in the presence of incomplete data (1996) Advanced Structural Equation Modeling Techniques, pp. 243-277. , Marcoulides GA, Schumacker RE, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Cohen, J., A power primer (1992) Psychol Bull, 112, pp. 155-159; Kaufman, J.S., Cooper, R.S., Seeking causal explanations in social epidemiology (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 113-120; Richards, M., Sacker, A., Lifetime antecedents of cognitive reserve (2003) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 25, pp. 614-624; Cleveland, H.H., Jacobson, K.C., Lipinski, J.J., Rowe, D.C., Genetic and shared environmental contributions to the relationship between the home environment and child and adolescent achievement (2000) Intelligence, 28, pp. 69-86; Bouchard Jr., T.J., McGue, M., Familial studies of intelligence: A review (1981) Science, 212, pp. 1055-1059; Maguire, E.A., Gadian, D.G., Johnsrude, I.S., Good, C.D., Ashbumer, J., Frackowiak, R.S., Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97, pp. 4398-4403; Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Firth, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Understanding social variation in cardiovascular risk factors in women and men: The advantage of theoretically based measures (1999) Soc Sci Med, 49, pp. 831-845; Gallacher, J.E., Elwood, P.C., Hopkinson, C., Rabbitt, P.M.A., Stollery, B.T., Sweetman, P.M., Cognitive function in the Caerphilly study: Associations with age, social class, education, and mood (1999) Eur J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 161-169 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644631468&doi=10.1016%2fj.annepidem.2004.10.007&partnerID=40&md5=e151359349e5950ff77b7423cd41ab94 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity in childhood and vascular changes in adulthood: Insights into the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 SP - S101 EP - S104 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803085 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Raitakari, O.T. AU - Juonala, M. AU - Viikari, J.S.A. AD - Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Finland AD - Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland AD - Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland AB - AIMS: Exposure to risk factors in childhood may have long-term influences on vascular structure and function. This paper reviews recent findings from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study looking at the relationships between risk factors identified in childhood, including obesity, and arterial structure/function assessed in adulthood. METHODS: The Young Finns Study is a longitudinal study from childhood to adulthood. The baseline study was carried out in 1980 and included 3.596 children and adolescents aged 3–18 y. Regular follow-up examinations of this cohort have included comprehensive data collection, including obesity indices (body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and skinfolds in childhood), serum lipoproteins, insulin, glucose, blood pressure, family risk, lifestyle factors, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, psychological factors, diet and socioeconomic status. The latest follow-up was carried out in 2001 (N=2283, ages 24–39 y). In addition to the usual protocol, this 21-y follow-up study included ultrasound measurements of carotid artery intima–media thickness (IMT) and carotid artery elasticity. RESULTS: In this cohort, BMI measured in youth is significantly associated with BMI measured in adulthood. The correlation coefficient for 21-y tracking between childhood and adulthood BMI is r=0.45 (P<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, childhood LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, BMI and smoking were all significantly associated with adult IMT. The effects of childhood LDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure remained independently associated with carotid IMT when adjusted for the current risk factor values (P<0.01 for both). However, when adulthood BMI was entered into the model, the effect of childhood BMI became nonsignificant. The age- and sex-adjusted multivariate correlates of carotid artery elasticity included childhood skinfold thickness (sum of biceps, triceps and subscabular) and childhood systolic blood pressure. Childhood systolic blood pressure remained borderline significantly (P=0.08) associated with carotid elasticity when the effect of current blood pressure was taken into account. However, the effect of childhood skinfold thickness on carotid artery elasticity became nonsignificant (P=0.16) when adjusted with adult BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study suggest that obesity indices measured in youth are significantly associated with increased carotid artery IMT and decreased elasticity in adulthood. These relations are, at least, partly explained by significant tracking of obesity from youth to adulthood. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining ideal weight from youth to adulthood in cardiovascular risk reduction. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - Epidemiology KW - Tracking KW - Ultrasound KW - glucose KW - insulin KW - lipoprotein KW - low density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - adolescent KW - arm muscle KW - artery intima KW - artery media KW - article KW - biceps brachii muscle KW - blood pressure KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - cardiovascular risk KW - carotid artery KW - child KW - cholesterol blood level KW - cohort analysis KW - family KW - follow up KW - glucose blood level KW - human KW - information processing KW - insulin blood level KW - lifestyle KW - lipoprotein blood level KW - longitudinal study KW - measurement KW - multivariate analysis KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - physical examination KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - risk reduction KW - skinfold KW - skinfold thickness KW - smoking KW - social status KW - statistical significance KW - systolic blood pressure KW - triceps brachii muscle KW - ultrasound KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Carotid Arteries KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Elasticity KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Obesity KW - Risk Factors KW - Skinfold Thickness KW - Tunica Intima N1 - Cited By :97 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 16385760 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Raitakari, O.T.; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of TurkuFinland; email: olliraitakari@utu.fi N1 - Chemicals/CAS: glucose, 50-99-7, 84778-64-3; insulin, 9004-10-8 N1 - References: McGill, H.C., Jr., McMahan, C.A., Herderick, E.E., Tracy, R.E., Malcom, G.T., Zieske, A.W., Strong, J.P., Effects of coronary heart disease risk factors on atherosclerosis of selected regions of the aorta and right coronary artery. 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Height, weight, body mass index, and skinfolds, and their correlation to metabolic variables (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 318, pp. 65-78; Åkerblom, H.K., Viikari, J., Raitakari, O.T., Uhari, M., Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study: General outline and recent developments (1999) Ann Med, 31, pp. 45-54; Viikari, J.S., Niinikoski, H., Juonala, M., Raitakari, O.T., Lagstrom, H., Kaitosaari, T., Ronnemaa, T., Simell, O., Risk factors for coronary heart disease in children and young adults (2004) Acta Paediatr Suppl, 93, pp. 34-42; Juonala, M., Viikari, J.S., Hutri-Kähönen, N., Pietikäinen, M., Jokinen, E., Taittonen, L., Marniemi, J., Raitakari, O.T., The 21-year follow-up of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study: Risk factor levels, secular trends and east–west difference (2004) J Intern Med, 255, pp. 457-468; Raitakari, O.T., Juonala, M., Kähönen, M., Taittonen, L., Laitinen, T., Mäki-Torkko, N., Järvisalo, M.J., Kerblom, Å., HK, Viikari JSA. Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and carotid artery intima–media thickness in adulthoodFThe Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 2277-2283; Juonala, M., Järvisalo, M.J., Mäki-Torkko, N., Kähönen, M., Viikari, J., Raitakari, O.T., Risk factors identified in childhood and decreased carotid artery elasticity in adulthood The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Circulation; Raitakari, O.T., Imaging of subclinical atherosclerosis in children and young adults (1999) Ann Med, 31, pp. 33-40; O’Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Intima–media thickness: A tool for atherosclerosis imaging and event prediction (2002) Am J Cardiol, 90, pp. 18L-21L; Blacher, J., Pannier, B., Guerin, A.P., Marchais, S.J., Safar, M.E., London, G.M., Carotid arterial stiffness as a predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in end-stage renal disease (1998) Hypertension, 32, pp. 570-574; Raitakari, O.T., Porkka, K.V., Rönnemaa, T., Knip, M., Uhari, M., Å, K.H., Viikari, J.S., The role of insulin in clustering of serum lipids and blood pressure in children and adolescents. 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A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922–1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S.J., Nanchahal, K., Peters, T.J., Davey, S.G., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 1111-1118; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Oren, A., Vos, L.E., Uiterwaal, C.S., Gorissen, W.H., Grobbee, D.E., Bots, M.L., Change in body mass index from adolescence to young adulthood and increased carotid intima–media thickness at 28 years of age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults study (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1383-1390; Mahoney, L.T., Burns, T.L., Stanford, W., Thompson, B.H., Witt, J.D., Rost, C.A., Lauer, R.M., Coronary risk factors measured in childhood and young adult life are associated with coronary artery calcification in young adults: The Muscatine Study (1996) J am Coll Cardiol, 27, pp. 277-284; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Freedman, D.S., Dietz, W.H., Tang, R., Mensah, G.A., Bond, M.G., Urbina, E.M., Srinivasan, S., Berenson, G.S., The relation of obesity throughout life to carotid intima–media thickness in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, pp. 159-166; Young, J.B., Effect of experimental hyperinsulinemia on sympathetic nervous system activity in the rat (1988) Life Sci, 43, pp. 193-200; Keaney, J.F., Jr., Larson, M.G., Vasan, R.S., Wilson, P.W., Lipinska, I., Corey, D., Massaro, J.M., Benjamin, E.J., Obesity and systemic oxidative stress: Clinical correlates of oxidative stress in the Framingham Study (2003) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23, pp. 434-439; Wisse, B.E., The inflammatory syndrome: The role of adipose tissue cytokines in metabolic disorders linked to obesity (2004) J am Soc Nephrol, 15, pp. 2792-2800 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644972760&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0803085&partnerID=40&md5=e4ce183fa97ed03f6efffbf15446cfbe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal complications in a population cohort of women with schizophrenia and major affective disorders T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Am. J. Psychiatry VL - 162 IS - 1 SP - 79 EP - 91 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.79 SN - 0002953X (ISSN) AU - Jablensky, A.V. AU - Morgan, V. AU - Zubrick, S.R. AU - Bower, C. AU - Yellachich, L.-A. AD - Ctr. Clin. Res. in Neuropsychiat., Sch. Psychiat. and Clin. Neurosci., University of Western Australia, 50 Murray St., Perth, WA 6000, Australia AB - Objective: This study ascertained the incidence of complications during pregnancy, labor, and delivery and the neonatal characteristics of infants born to women with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression in a population-based cohort. Method: Based on records linkage across a psychiatric case register and prospectively recorded obstetric data, the study comprised women with schizophrenia or major affective disorders who had given birth to 3,174 children during 1980-1992 in Western Australia. A comparison sample of 3,129 births to women without a psychiatric diagnosis was randomly selected from women giving birth during 1980-1992. Complications were scored with the McNeil-Sjöström Scale. Odds ratios were calculated for specific reproductive events. Results: Both schizophrenic and affective disorder patients had increased risks of pregnancy, birth, and neonatal complications, including placental abnormalities, antepartum hemorrhages, and fetal distress. Women with schizophrenia were significantly more likely to have placental abruption, to give birth to infants in the lowest weight/growth population decile, and to have children with cardiovascular congenital anomalies. Neonatal complications were significantly more likely to occur in winter; low birth weight peaked in spring. Complications other than low birth weight and congenital anomalies were higher in pregnancies after psychiatric illness than in pregnancies preceding the diagnosis. Conclusions: While genetic liability and gene-environment interactions may account for some outcomes, maternal risk factors and biological and behavioral concomitants of severe mental illness appear to be major determinants of increases in reproductive pathology in this cohort. Risk reduction in these vulnerable groups may be achievable through antenatal and postnatal interventions. KW - adult KW - antepartum hemorrhage KW - article KW - Australia KW - bipolar disorder KW - cardiovascular malformation KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - delivery KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - fetus distress KW - heredity KW - human KW - human experiment KW - incidence KW - low birth weight KW - major affective disorder KW - major depression KW - medical record KW - mental disease KW - newborn disease KW - obstetrics KW - placenta disorder KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - psychiatry KW - register KW - risk factor KW - risk reduction KW - schizophrenia KW - scoring system KW - solutio placentae KW - spring KW - winter KW - Abnormalities KW - Bipolar Disorder KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comorbidity KW - Depressive Disorder, Major KW - Female KW - Fetal Distress KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Obstetric Labor Complications KW - Oceanic Ancestry Group KW - Placenta Diseases KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Prospective Studies KW - Schizophrenia KW - Seasons KW - Western Australia N1 - Cited By :264 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPSA C2 - 15625205 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jablensky, A.V.; Ctr. Clin. Res. in Neuropsychiat., Sch. Psychiat. and Clin. Neurosci., University of Western Australia, 50 Murray St., Perth, WA 6000, Australia; email: assen@cyllene.uwa.edu.au N1 - References: Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Heun, R., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: An international collaborative metaanalysis of individual patient data (1997) Am J Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Cannon, M., Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: Historical and meta-analytic review (2002) Am J Psychiatry, 159, pp. 1080-1092; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) Br Med J, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Byrne, M., Browne, R., Mulryan, N., Scully, A., Morris, M., Kinsella, A., Takei, N., O'Callaghan, E., Labour and delivery complications in schizophrenia (2000) Br J Psychiatry, 176, pp. 531-536; Kendell, R.E., McInneny, K., Juszczak, E., Bain, M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia (2000) Br J Psychiatry, 176, pp. 516-522; Cannon, T.D., Rosso, I.M., Hollister, J.M., Bearden, C.E., Sanchez, L.E., Hadley, T., A prospective cohort study of genetic and perinatal influences in the etiology of schizophrenia (2000) Schizophr Bull, 26, pp. 351-366; Rosenthal, D., The offspring of schizophrenic couples (1966) J Psychiatr Res, 4, pp. 169-188; Gottesman, I.I., McGuffin, P., Farmer, A.E., Clinical genetics as clues to the "real" genetics of schizophrenia (a decade of modest gains while playing for time) (1987) Schizophr Bull, 13, pp. 23-47; Sobel, D.E., Infant mortality and malformations in children of schizophrenic women (1961) Psychiatr Q, 35, pp. 60-65; Rieder, R.O., Rosenthal, D., Wender, P., Blumenthal, H., The offspring of schizophrenics: Fetal and neonatal deaths (1975) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 32, pp. 200-211; Modrzewska, K., The offspring of schizophrenic parents in a North Swedish isolate (1980) Clin Genet, 17, pp. 191-201; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Obstetric complications in children born to parents with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of case-control studies (1996) Psychol Med, 26, pp. 279-287; Bennedsen, B.E., Mortensen, P.B., Olesen, A.V., Henriksen, T.B., Preterm birth and intra-uterine growth retardation among children of women with schizophrenia (1999) Br J Psychiatry, 175, pp. 239-245; Bennedsen, B.E., Mortensen, P.B., Olesen, A.V., Henriksen, T.B., Frydenberg, M., Obstetric complications in women with schizophrenia (2001) Schizophr Res, 47, pp. 167-175; Bennedsen, B.R., Mortensen, P.B., Olesen, A.V., Henriksen, T.B., Congenital malformations, stillbirths, and infant deaths among children of women with schizophrenia (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 674-679; Nilsson, E., Lichtenstein, P., Cnattingius, S., Murray, R.M., Hultman, C.M., Women with schizophrenia: Pregnancy outcome and infant death among their offspring (2002) Schizophr Res, 58, pp. 221-229; Pasamanick, B., Knobloch, H., Brain damage and reproductive casualty (1956) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 112, pp. 613-618; Lapalme, M., Hodgins, S., LaRoche, C., Children of parents with bipolar disorder: A metaanalysis of risk for mental disorders (1997) Can J Psychiatry, 42, pp. 623-631; Stanley, F.J., Croft, M.L., Gibbins, J., Read, A.W., A population database for maternal and child health research in Western Australia using record linkage (1994) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 8, pp. 433-447; Holman, C.D., Bass, A.J., Rouse, I., Hobbs, M., Population-based linkage of health records in Western Australia: Development of a health services research linked database (1999) Aust NZ J Publ Health, 23, pp. 453-459; (2000) OECD Health Data 2000, , Comparative Analysis of 29 Countries. 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Carnforth, UK, Marius Press; Messamore, E., Relationship between the niacin skin flush response and essential fatty acids in schizophrenia (2003) Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 69, pp. 413-419; Pulver, A.E., Nestadt, G., Goldberg, R., Shprintzen, R.J., Lamacz, M., Wolyniec, P.S., Morrow, B., Kucherlapati, R., Psychotic illness in patients diagnosed with velo-cardio-facial syndrome and their relatives (1994) J Nerv Ment Dis, 182, pp. 476-478; Liu, H., Heath, S.C., Sobin, C., Roos, J.L., Galke, B.L., Blundell, M.L., Lenane, M., Karagiyorgou, M., Genetic variation at the 22q11 PRODH2/DGCR6 locus presents an unusual pattern and increases susceptibility to schizophrenia (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99, pp. 3717-3722; Mohl, W., Mayr, W.R., Atrial septal defect of the secundum type and HLA (1977) Tissue Antigens, 10, pp. 121-122; Schwab, S.G., Mondabon, S., Knapp, M., Albus, M., Hallmayer, J., Borrmann-Hassenbach, M., Trixler, M., Wildenauer, D.B., Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene-G308A polymorphism with schizophrenia (2003) Schizophr Res, 65, pp. 19-25; Basso, O., Olsen, J., Christensen, K., Low birthweight and prematurity in relation to paternal factors: A study of recurrence (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, pp. 695-700; Kendell, R.E., Boyd, J.H., Grossmith, V.L., Bain, M., Seasonal fluctuation in birthweight in schizophrenia (2002) Schizophr Res, 57, pp. 157-164; Urakubo, A., Jarskog, L.F., Lieberman, J.A., Gilmore, J.H., Prenatal exposure to maternal infection alters cytokine expression in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal brain (2001) Schizophr Res, 47, pp. 27-36; Wright, P., Nimgaonkar, V.L., Donaldson, P.T., Murray, R.M., Schizophrenia and HLA: A review (2001) Schizophr Res, 47, pp. 1-12 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11844256924&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ajp.162.1.79&partnerID=40&md5=d29112c601b8b0599db3e50a53af3fe9 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Children of the 21st century: From birth to nine months T2 - Children of the 21st Century: From Birth to Nine Months J2 - Children of the 21st Century: From Birth to Nine Months SP - 1 EP - 282 PY - 2005 SN - 9781847421418 (ISBN); 9781861346889 (ISBN) AU - Dex, S. AU - Joshi, H. AD - Bedford Group, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom AB - This book documents the early lives of almost 19,000 children born in the UK at the start of the 21st century, and their families. It is the first time that analysis of data from the hugely important Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal study following the progress of the children and their families, has been drawn together in a single volume. The unrivalled data is examined here to address important policy and scientific issues. The book is also the first in a series of publications that will report on the children’s lives at different stages of their development. The fascinating range of findings presented here is strengthened by comparison with data on earlier generations. This has enabled the authors to assess the impact of a wide range of policies on the life courses of a new generation, including policies on child health, parenting, childcare and social exclusion. Babies of the new millennium (title tbc) is the product of an exciting collaboration from experts across a wide range of health and social science fields. The result is a unique and authoritative analysis of family life and early childhood in the UK that cuts across old disciplinary boundaries. It is essential reading for academics, students and researchers in the health and social sciences. It will also be a useful resource for policy makers and practitioners who are interested in childhood, child development, child poverty, child health, childcare and family policy. © Shirley Dex and Heather Joshi 2005. PB - Policy Press N1 - Cited By :72 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Book DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Acheson, D., (1998) Independent inquiry into inequalities in health report, , London: The Stationery Office; Allen, I., Bourke-Dowling, S., (1998) Teenage mothers: Decisions and outcomes, , London: Policy Studies Institute; Amato, P.R., Sobolewski, J.M., The effects of divorce and marital discord on adult children’s psychological well-being (2001) American Sociological Review, 66 (6), pp. 900-921. , December; Aveyard, P., Cheng, K.K., Manaseki, S., Gardosi, J., The risk of preterm delivery in women from different ethnic groups (2002) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 109 (8), pp. 894-899; Bach, J.F., The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases (2002) New England Journal of Medicine, 347, pp. 911-920; Baines, S., Wheelock, J., Gelder, U., (2003) Riding the rollercoaster: Family life and self employment, , Bristol: The Policy Press; Bartington, S.E., Foster, L.J., Tate, A.R., Dezateux, C., (2005) Evaluation of the UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative for promotion of breastfeeding: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study, , submitted for publication; Bates, E., O’Connell, B., Shore, C., Language and communication in infancy (1987) Handbook of infant development, , J.D. 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Tenth revision, 1. , Geneva, WHO; (1998) Evidence for the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding, , Geneva: WHO; (2002) Infant and young child nutrition; global strategy for infant and young child feeding, , Geneva: WHO; Yeandle, S., Wigfield, A., Crompton, R., Dennett, J., (2002) Employed carers and family-friendly employment policies, , Bristol: The Policy Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992842976&partnerID=40&md5=835a17f44d839afc42b9ae05af88b7f4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A dose-response relationship between maternal smoking during late pregnancy and adult intelligence in male offspring T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 4 EP - 11 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00622.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Mortensen, E.L. AU - Michaelsen, K.F. AU - Sanders, S.A. AU - Reinisch, J.M. AD - Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Human Nutrition, Roy. Vet. and Agric. University, Frederiksberg, Denmark AD - Kinsey Inst. Res. Sex, Gender/Repro., Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States AD - Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States AD - Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark AB - An association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and cognitive and behavioural development has been observed in several studies, but potential effects of maternal smoking on offspring adult intelligence have not been investigated. The objective of the present study was to investigate a potential association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intelligence in young adulthood. Adult intelligence was assessed at the mean age of 18.7 years by a military draft board intelligence test (Børge Priens Prøve) for 3044 singleton males from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort with information regarding maternal smoking during the third trimester coded into five categories (about 50% of the mothers were smokers). The following potential confounders were included as covariates in multivariable analyses: parental social status and education, single mother status, mother's height and age, number of pregnancies, and gestational age. In separate analyses, birthweight and length were also included as covariates. Maternal cigarette smoking during the third trimester, adjusted for the seven covariates, showed a negative association with offspring adult intelligence (P = 0.0001). The mean difference between the no-smoking and the heaviest smoking category amounted to 0.41 standard deviation, corresponding to an IQ difference of 6.2 points [95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.68]. The association remained significant when further adjusted for birthweight and length (P = 0.007). Both unadjusted and adjusted means suggested a dose-response relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring adult intelligence. When subjects with missing data were excluded, essentially the same results were obtained in the reduced sample (n = 1829). These results suggest that smoking during pregnancy may have long-term negative consequences on offspring adult intelligence. KW - academic achievement KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - controlled study KW - dose response KW - education KW - gestational age KW - human KW - intelligence KW - intelligence quotient KW - intelligence test KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - smoking KW - smoking habit KW - social status KW - third trimester pregnancy KW - Adolescent KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Trimester, Third KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :54 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 15670102 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mortensen, E.L.; Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: e.l.mortensen@pubhealth.ku.dk N1 - References: Conter, V., Cortinovis, I., Rogari, P., Riva, L., Weight growth in infants born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1995) British Medical Journal, 310, pp. 768-771; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Smoking during pregnancy (1979) New Zealand Medical Journal, 89, pp. 41-43; Pulkkinen, P., Smoking and pregnancy: The influence of maternal and gestational factors on the outcome of pregnancy and the newborn (1985) Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae. 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Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Guttmacher, A.F., (1962) Pregnancy and Birth, p. 101. , New York, NY: Signet Books; Ananth, C.V., Savitz, D.A., Luther, E.R., Maternal cigarette smoking as a risk factor for placental abruption, placenta previa, and uterine bleeding in pregnancy (1996) American Journal of Epidemiology, 144, pp. 881-889; Bouchard, T.J., IQ similarity in twins reared apart: Findings and responses to critics (1997) Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment, pp. 126-160. , Editors: Sternberg RJ, Grigorenko EL. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844308674&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.2004.00622.x&partnerID=40&md5=57ca8a3ca7ee32262f6134ca419fbd02 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Learning for life? The postwar experience of apprenticeship T2 - Young People in Transition: Becoming Citizens? J2 - Young People in Transition: Becom. Citizens? SP - 48 EP - 51 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1057/9780230597778_3 SN - 9780230597778 (ISBN); 9781403933683 (ISBN) AU - Vickerstaff, S. AD - School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, United Kingdom AB - It is commonly argued that young people’s transitions from school to work in the UK have changed radically since the middle 1970s, with the result that the experience of cohorts today differs markedly from the generations growing up in the 1950s and 1960s (see for example, Nagel and Wallace, 1997; Roberts, 1984; Bynner, 1991; Furlong and Cartmel, 1997; and for a moderating view Vickerstaff, 2003). In particular, the fact that most young people in the earlier period left education after the compulsory school leaving age (15 and then 16 in 1972), and went into a labour market where jobs were relatively plentiful, contrasts sharply with the 86 per cent of 16-year-olds who now stay on in some form of education or training (DfES, 2002). It has been an aim of successive governments to encourage the numbers staying on in education and training after the school leaving age, and this has been combined since the late 1970s with the argument that compulsory schooling has been failing to provide young people with the key skills needed to make them employable. As a recent government document asserted: Employers have consistently said that too many young people are not properly prepared for the world of work … In particular, they may lack skills such as communication and teamwork, and attributes such as self-confidence and willingness to learn that are of growing importance across a range of jobs. (DfES, 2003, p. 78). © Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 2005. 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VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 14 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.spen.2004.11.005 SN - 10719091 (ISSN) AU - Camfield, P. AU - Camfield, C. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada AD - IWK Health Centre, P.O. Box 9700, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada AB - The possibility of sudden unexpected death in people with epilepsy (SUDEP) is very frightening for parents of a child with epilepsy. The mechanism for SUDEP is unclear but is probably most commonly related to postictal respiratory insufficiency. Occasionally the cause is a cardiac arrhythmia induced by a seizure. Even though children with epilepsy have an increased risk of death, SUDEP is very rare (1-2/10,000 patient-years). Nearly all of the mortality in children with epilepsy is related to the underlying neurologic disorder, not the seizures. Normal children with epilepsy do not have an increased risk of death compared with the general population. There is no current proven strategy to prevent SUDEP, although its rarity precludes systematic trials. Common sense approaches include identifying patients with cardiac arrhythmias as the cause of misdiagnosed epilepsy and vigorous attempts to control resistant seizure disorders. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - cerebral palsy KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - correlation analysis KW - disease association KW - disease course KW - electroencephalogram KW - epilepsy KW - heart arrest KW - heart arrhythmia KW - human KW - Kaplan Meier method KW - medical record KW - neurology KW - pediatrics KW - physician KW - population research KW - practice guideline KW - prevalence KW - respiratory failure KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - seizure KW - statistical significance KW - sudden death PB - W.B. Saunders N1 - Cited By :39 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPNEF C2 - 15929460 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Camfield, P.; IWK Health Centre, P.O. Box 9700, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada; email: Allan@fbr.org N1 - References: Baumer, J.H., David, T.J., Valentine, S.J., Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion (1981) Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, pp. 462-464; Hauser, W.A., Sudden unexplained death in patients with epilepsy: Issues for further study (1997) Epilepsia, 38 (SUPPL. 11), pp. 26-S29; Donner, E.J., Smith, C.R., Snead, O.C., Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy (2001) Neurology, 57, pp. 430-434; Opeskin, K., Berkovic, S.F., Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A controlled prospective study based on coroners cases (2003) Seizure, 12, pp. 456-464; So, E.L., Sam, M.C., Lagerlund, T.L., Postictal central apnea as a cause of SUDEP: Evidence from near-SUDEP incident (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 1494-1497; Lee, M.A., (2000) Personal Communication; Langan, Y., Nashef, L., Sander, J.W.A.S., Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A series of witnessed deaths (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 68, pp. 211-213; Nei, M., Ho, R.T., Abou-Khalil, B.W., Drislane, F.W., Liporace, J., Romeo, A., Sperling, M.R., EEG and ECG in sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (2004) Epilepsia, 45, pp. 338-345; Rocamora, R., Kurthen, M., Lickfett, L., Von Oertaen, J., Elger, C.E., Cardiac asystole in epilepsy: Clinical and neurophysiologic features (2003) Epilepsia, 44, pp. 179-185; Devinsky, O., Pacia, S., Tatambhotla, G., Bradycardia and asystole induced by partial seizures: A case report and literature review (1997) Neurology, 48, pp. 1712-1714; Mayer, H., Benninger, D.I., Urak, L., Plattner, B., Geldner, J., Feucht, M., EKG abnormalities in children and adolescents with symptomatic temporal lobe epilepsy (2004) Neurology, 63, pp. 324-328; Walczak, T.S., Leppik, I.E., D'Amelio, M., Rarick, J., So, E., Ahman, P., Ruggles, K., Hauser, W.A., Incidence and risk factors in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A prospective cohort study (2001) Neurology, 56, pp. 519-525; Nilsson, L., Farahmand, B.Y., Persson, P.G., Thiblin, I., Tomson, T., Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A case-control study (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 888-893; Harvey, A.S., Nolan, T., Carlin, J.B., Community-based study of mortality in children with epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 597-603; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-340; Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 324-330; Cockerell, O.C., Johnson, A.L., Sander, J.W.A.S., Hart, Y.M., Goodridge, D.M.G., Mortality from epilepsy: Results from a prospective population-based study (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 918-921; Sillanpaa, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Shinnar, S., Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) New Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1715-1722; Callenbach, P.M., Westendorp, R.G., Geerts, A.T., Arts, W.F., Peeters, E.A., Van Donselaar, C.A., Peters, A.C., Brouwer, O.F., Mortality risk in children with epilepsy: The Dutch study of epilepsy in childhood (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 1259-1263; Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Veuglers, P.J., Death in children with epilepsy: A population-based study (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1891-1895; Tomson, T., Forsgren, L., Mortality studies in epilepsy (2003) Prognosis of Epilepsies, pp. 12-20. , P. Jallon J.L. Eurotext John Libbey Publishers Surrey, UK; Lindsten, H., Nystrom, L., Forsgren, L., Mortality in an adult cohort with newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizures: A population-based study (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 1469-1473; Vickery, B.G., Mortality in a consecutive cohort of 248 adolescents and adults who underwent diagnostic evaluation for epilepsy surgery (1997) Epilepsia, 38 (SUPPL. 11), pp. 67-S69; Venkataraman, V., Wheless, J.W., Willmore, L.J., Motookal, H., Idiopathic cardiac asystole presenting as an intractable adult onset partial seizure disorder (2001) Seizure, 10, pp. 359-364 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644390562&doi=10.1016%2fj.spen.2004.11.005&partnerID=40&md5=6362a98da3c8964f8a31e4b921bc340a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influences on childhood height: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1320 EP - 1328 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh325 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Li, L. AU - Power, C. AD - Ctr. of Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. Genetics and early environment are known to influence height, but evidence is sparse on changes in these influences over time. Methods. The 1958 British birth cohort study includes all children born between March 3, 1958 and March 9, 1958, who were followed to age 41 yr, and one-third of their offspring in 1991. Childhood height in each generation (measured at 7 yr for cohort members and 4-18 yr for offspring) was converted to a standard deviation score based on the 1990 British growth reference. We used multilevel models to analyse influences on height in order to allow for the hierarchical within-family data structure. Results. Childhood height increased by 1 cm between 1958 cohort members and their offspring. Several influences on childhood height in the older generation (maternal smoking, breastfeeding, maternal age, social class, maternal education, and parental divorce) did not affect childhood height in the younger generation. Parental height was most strongly associated with childhood height and effects did not diminish between generations [adjusted increase ∼2 cm for 1 maternal or paternal height standard deviation score (SDS)]. Third- or later-borns and those with three or more siblings had deficits of 1-2 cm (adjusted estimates) in both generations. Other factors, particularly indicators of socioeconomic position, showed weaker effects in the younger generation. For example, the growth deficit of 1.1 cm (adjusted estimate) among cohort members from households with >1.5 persons/room had disappeared in the offspring. Conclusions. Within Great Britain, the adverse effects of environmental factors on childhood height have lessened between recent generation. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Britain KW - Childhood height KW - Cohort study KW - Early-life influences KW - Intergenerational comparison KW - height KW - adult KW - article KW - birth order KW - body height KW - breast feeding KW - child growth KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - divorce KW - education KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - follow up KW - genetics KW - human KW - male KW - maternal age KW - priority journal KW - reference value KW - scoring system KW - sibling KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Parents KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :39 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15358746 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Li, L.; Ctr. of Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: L.Li@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Sinclair, D.D.P., (1998) Human Growth After Birth, , 6th edn. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; Mueller, W.H., The genetics of size and shape in children and adults (1986) Human Growth, , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 663-668; Bobak, M., Kriz, B., Leon, D., Danova, J., Marmot, M., Socioeconomic factors and height of preschool children in the Czech Republic (1994) Am. J. Public Health, 84, pp. 1167-1170; Cernerud, L., Elfving, J., Social inequality in height. A comparison between 10-year-old Helsinki and Stockholm children (1995) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 23, pp. 23-27; Kromeyer, K., Hauspie, R.C., Susanne, C., Socioeconomic factors and growth during childhood and early adolescence in Jena children (1997) Ann. Hum. Biol., 24, pp. 343-353; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Early environment and child-to-adult growth trajectories in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, pp. 185-192; Takaishi, M., Secular changes in growth of Japanese children (1994) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol., 7, pp. 163-173; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 76, pp. 182-189; Cole, T.J., Secular trends in growth (2000) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 59, pp. 317-324; Cernerud, L., The association between height and some structural social variables: A study of 10-year-old children in Stockholm during 40 years (1993) Ann. Hum. Biol., 20, pp. 469-476; Prebeg, Z., Changes in growth patterns in Zagreb school children related to socio-economic background over the period 1973-1991 (1998) Ann. Hum. Biol., 25, pp. 425-439; Kuh, D.L., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol., 20, pp. 1001-1009; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups: An overview of 10 European countries (2000) Ann. Hum. Biol., 27, pp. 407-421; Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., Lahelma, E., Koskenvuo, M., Relative effect of genetic and environmental factors on body height: Differences across birth cohorts among Finnish men and women (2000) Am. J. Public Health, 90, pp. 627-630; (1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994, 1. , UK Office for National Statistics; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children. Results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Med. Bull., 37, pp. 265-272; Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; (1994), Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education. National Child Development Study composite file including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive [distributor]. SN:3148; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1094-1101; Freeman, J.V., Cole, T.J., Chinn, S., Jones, P.R., White, E.M., Preece, M.A., Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch. Dis. Child, 73, pp. 17-24; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 2nd edn. NewYork: John Wiley & Sons Inc; Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann. Hum. Biol., 7, pp. 307-322; Rona, R.J., A surveillance system of growth in Britain (1989) Auxology '88. Perspectives in the Science of Growth and Development, , Tanner J, (ed.). Selected Papers from the Fifth International Auxology Congress. Exeter UK, July 1988. London: Smith-Gordon (Nishiura); Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth, , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; (1991) Social Trends, 21. , Central Statistical Office; (1991) Mortality Statistics. Perinatal and Infant: Social and Biological Factors 1991, , OPCS. Series DH3 no. 25. London: HMSO; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Are inequalities in height narrowing? Comparing effects of social class on height in two generations Arch. Dis. Child, , in press; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Herngreen, W.P., van Buuren, S., van Wieringen, J.C., Reerink, J.D., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Ruys, J.H., Growth in length and weight from birth to 2 years of a representative sample of Netherlands children (born in 1988-89) related to socioeconomic status and other background characteristics (1994) Ann. Hum. Biol., 21, pp. 449-463; Ong, K.K., Preece, M.A., Emmett, P.M., Ahmed, M.L., Dunger, D.B., Size at birth and early childhood growth in relation to maternal smoking, parity and infant breast-feeding: Longitudinal birth cohort study and analysis (2002) Pediatr. Res., 52, pp. 863-867; Prentice, A., Cole, T.J., Whitehead, R.G., Impaired growth in infants born to mothers of very high parity (1987) Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr., 41, pp. 319-325; Cooper, J., Jones, C., Estimates of the numbers of first, second, third, and higher order births (1992) Popul. Rends., 70, pp. 8-14; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Teranishi, H., Nakagawa, H., Marmot, M., Social class difference in catch up growth in a national British cohort (2001) Arch. Dis. Child, 84, pp. 218-221; Martin, R.M., Smith, G.D., Mangtani, P., Frankel, S., Gunnell, D., Association between breast feeding and growth: The Boyd-Orr cohort study (2002) Arch. Dis. Child (Fetal Neonatal Ed.), 87, pp. F193-F201; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Breast feeding and child development at five years (1984) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 26, pp. 73-80; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.G., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 326-330; Cernerud, L., Differences in height between socially more and less privileged 10 year old Stockholm children born in 1933-1963 (1992) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 20, pp. 5-10; Bielicki, T., Malina, R.M., Waliszko, H., Monitoring the dynamic of social stratification: Statural variation among Polish conscripts in 1976 and 1986 (1992) Am. J. Hum. Biol., 4, pp. 345-352 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344267888&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh325&partnerID=40&md5=ac3c015a97f2ebeae1d7893de5ebea79 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in the cause of late fetal death, 1982-2000 T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 111 IS - 12 SP - 1400 EP - 1407 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00296.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Bell, R. AU - Parker, L. AU - MacPhail, S. AU - Wright, C. AD - Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Surg. and Repro. Sciences, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom AB - Background: Progress in reducing late fetal deaths has slowed in recent years, despite changes in intrapartum and antepartum care. Objectives: To describe recent trends in cause-specific fetal death rates. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: North of England. Population/Sample: 3,386 late fetal deaths (≥28 weeks of gestation and at least 500 g), occuring between 1982 and 2000. Methods: Data on deaths were obtained from the Northern Perinatal Mortality Survey. Data on live births were obtained from national birth registration statistics. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for fetal deaths in 1991-2000 compared with 1982-1990 were calculated. Main outcome measures: Cause-specific late fetal death rates per 10,000 total births. Results: Mortality in singletons declined from 51.5 per 10,000 births in 1982-1990 to 42.0 in 1991-2000 (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76-0.87). There was a greater decline in multiples, from 197.9 to 128.0 per 10,000 (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.83). In singletons, the largest reductions occurred in intrapartum-related deaths, and deaths due to congenital anomalies, antepartum haemorrhage and pre-eclampsia. There was little change in the rate of unexplained antepartum death occurring at term (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84-1.11) or preterm (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82-1.07), these accounting for about half of all late fetal deaths. Unexplained antepartum deaths declined in multiple births and in singletons of birthweight <1500 g. Conclusions: While late fetal mortality due to many specific causes has declined, unexplained antepartum death rates have remained largely unchanged. Improved identification of deaths due to growth restriction and infection, which may otherwise be classified as unexplained, is important. Further investigation of the underlying aetiologies of genuinely unexplained deaths is needed. KW - antepartum hemorrhage KW - article KW - birth rate KW - confidence interval KW - congenital malformation KW - controlled study KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - fetus mortality KW - gestational age KW - health survey KW - human KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - intrauterine infection KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - multiple pregnancy KW - preeclampsia KW - prematurity KW - priority journal KW - register KW - statistical analysis KW - United Kingdom KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Fetal Death KW - Fetal Mortality KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Survival Rate N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BIOGF C2 - 15663126 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bell, R.; Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom N1 - References: (2001) 8th Annual Report, , London: Maternal and Child Health Research Consortium; Ahlenius, I., Thomassen, P., The changing panorama of late fetal death in Sweden between 1984 and 1991 (1998) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 78, pp. 408-414; (2003) Statistical Bulletin. NHS Maternity Statistics, England: 2001-02, , London: Department of Health; (1997) First Class Delivery: Improving Maternity Services in England and Wales, , Oxford: Audit Commission Publications; Fretts, R., Boyd, M., Usher, R., Usher, H., The changing pattern of fetal death, 1961-1988 (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 35-39; (2002) Northern RMSO Annual Report 2000, , Newcastle: Regional Maternity Survey Office; Perinatal mortality: A continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) BMJ, 288, pp. 1717-1720; Cole, S.K., Hey, E.N., Thomson, A.M., Classifying perinatal death: An obstetric approach (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1204-1212; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: Fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; Wright, C., Fenton, A., Embleton, N., Neonatal necropsy (2001) Lancet, 357, p. 1128; Cartlidge, P., Dawson, A., Stewart, I., Vujanic, G., Value and quality of perinatal and infant postmortem examinations: Cohort analysis of 400 consecutive deaths (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 155-158; (1988) Report on Fetal and Perinatal Pathology, , London: RCOG; Wright, C., Cameron, H., Lamb, W., A study of the quality of perinatal autopsy in the former northern region (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 24-28; Saller, D., Lesser, K., Harrel, U., Rogers, B., Oyer, C., The clinical utility of the perinatal autopsy (1995) JAMA, 273, pp. 663-665; Yudkin, P., Wood, L., Redman, C., Risk of unexplained stillbirth at different gestational ages (1987) Lancet, pp. 1192-1194; Peterssen, K., Bremme, K., Bottinga, R., Diagnostic evaluation of intrauterine fetal deaths in Stockholm 1998-99 (2002) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 81, pp. 284-292; Ahlenius, I., Floberg, J., Thomassen, P., Sixty-six cases of intrauterine fetal death: A prospective case study with an extensive test protocol (1995) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 74, pp. 109-117; Gardosi, J., Mul, T., Mongelli, M., Fagan, D., Analysis of birthweight and gestational age in antepartum stillbirths (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 524-530; Huang, D., Usher, R., Kramer, M., Determinants of unexplained antepartum fetal deaths (2000) Obstet Gynecol, 95, pp. 215-221; Seeds, J., Peng, T., Impaired growth and risk of fetal death: Is the tenth percentile the appropriate standard? (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 178, pp. 658-667; Cnattigius, S., Haglund, B., Kramer, M., Differences in late fetal death rates in association with determinants of small for gestational age fetuses: Population based cohort study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1483-1487; Gardosi, J., Mongelli, M., Wilcox, M., Chang, A., An adjustable fetal weight standard (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 6, pp. 168-174; Clausson, B., Gardosi, J., Francis, A., Cnattingius, S., Perinatal outcome in SGA births defined by customised versus population based birthweight standards (2001) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 108, pp. 830-834; Embleton, N., Fetal and neonatal death from maternally acquired infection (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. 54-60; Tolockiene, E., Morsing, E., Holst, E., Intrauterine infection may be a major cause of stillbirth in Sweden (2001) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 80, pp. 511-518; Mathews, J., Mathai, M., Peedicayil, A., Subclinical chorioamnionitis as a causal factor in unexplained stillbirths (2001) Int J Gynecol Obstet, 74, pp. 195-197; Stephansson, O., Dickman, P., Johansson, A., Cnattingius, S., Maternal weight, pregnancy weight gain, and the risk of antepartum stillbirth (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184, pp. 463-469; Froen, J., Arnestad, M., Frey, K., Risk factors for sudden intrauterine unexplained death: Epidemiologic characteristics of singleton cases in Oslo, Norway, 1986-1995 (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184, pp. 694-702; Glinianaia, S., Pharoah, P., Sturgiss, S., Comparative trends in cause-specific fetal and neonatal mortality in twin and singleton births in the North of England 1982-1994 (2000) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 107, pp. 452-460; Joseph, K., Marcoux, S., Ohlsson, A., Changes in fetal and infant mortality due to increases in preterm birth among twins (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. A17; (1999) Towards Safer Childbirth: Minimum Standards for the Organisation of Labour Wards, , London: RCOG Press; Rankin, J., Glinianaia, S., Brown, R., Renwick, M., The changing prevalence of neural tube defects: A population based study in the North of England, 1984-96 (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, pp. 104-110; Neasham, D., Dolk, H., Vrijheid, M., Jensen, T., Best, N., Stillbirth and neonatal mortality due to congenital anomalies: Temporal trends and variation by small area deprivation scores in England and Wales, 1986-96 (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. 364-373 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10844225385&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2004.00296.x&partnerID=40&md5=0e756a9bf14cd97c5ec78e7472b663f1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The association of maternal growth and socio-economic measures with infant birthweight in four ethnic groups T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1236 EP - 1242 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh269 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Emanuel, I. AU - Kimpo, C. AU - Moceri, V. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Seattle Epidemiol. Res./Info. Center, Seattle, WA, United States AB - Background. Both maternal socio-economic status (SES) and growth measures are themselves interrelated and are also related to infant birthweight. The objective of this study is to compare the relative importance of such maternal measures as determinants of birthweight of female infants - the prospective mothers of the next generation. Methods. The study base was derived from a population-based multiethnic intergenerational cohort: the Washington State Intergenerational Cohort. Infants of mothers from four ethnic groups were included: non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics. We generated simple, partial, and multiple correlation coefficients to investigate the association between birthweight and the maternal growth and SES measures. Results. While there were slight differences among the ethnic groups, generally each of three maternal pre-conceptional growth measures - birthweight, stature, and pre-pregnant weight - was a stronger predictor of female infant birthweight than were each of the five maternal SES factors - age, parity, marital status, educational attainment, and prenatal care onset. After accounting for the proportion of variation in birthweight explained by the maternal growth measures and maternal smoking, the addition of the five SES variables added relatively little to the prediction of infant birthweight. The maximal multiple correlation coefficients (R2) yield values ranging from 9.5% to 12.8%. Conclusions. A mother's growth before pregnancy is a stronger predictor of infant birthweight than is her current socio-economic circumstance. Since the mother's growth must have been influenced by the socio-economic circumstances of her family of upbringing, this further highlights the intergenerational contribution on a woman's reproductive success. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Birthweight KW - Growth KW - Intergenerational contribution KW - Socio-economic status KW - pregnancy KW - adult KW - African American KW - American Indian KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body growth KW - Caucasian KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - correlation coefficient KW - ethnic group KW - ethnology KW - female KW - Hispanic KW - human KW - human experiment KW - infant KW - marriage KW - maternal care KW - parity KW - population distribution KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - Adult KW - African Americans KW - Age Distribution KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Humans KW - Indians, North American KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Marital Status KW - Maternal Welfare KW - Parity KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15256518 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Emanuel, I.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States; email: emanuel@u.washington.edu N1 - References: Baird, D., Preventive medicine in obstetrics (1952) N. 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Perinat. Epidemiol., 9, pp. 391-405; Emanuel, I., Intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome. Implications for teratology? (1993) Issues Rev. Teratol., 6, pp. 47-84; Emanuel, I., Invited Commentary: An assessment of maternal intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol., 146, pp. 820-825; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. I. Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; Emanuel, I., Leisenring, W., Williams, M.A., The Washington State Intergenerational Study of Birth Outcomes: Methodology and some comparisons of maternal birthweight and infant birthweight and gestation in four ethnic groups (1999) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 352-371; Coutinho, R., David, R.J., Collins Jr., J.W., Relation of parental birth weights to infant birth weight among African-Americans and whites in Illinois: A transgenerational study (1997) Am. J. 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Med., 326, pp. 1522-1526; Sanjose, S., Roman, E., Beral, V., Low birthweight and preterm delivery, Scotland, 1981-84: Effect of parents' occupation (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 428-432; Koupilova, I., Vagero, D., Leon, D.A., Social variation in size at birth and preterm delivery in the Czech Republic and Sweden, 1989-91 (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 7-24; Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth. A Comprehensive Treatise, pp. 283-305. , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). 2nd Ed. Vol. 3. New York: Plenum Press; Migone, A., Emanuel, I., Mueller, B., Gestational duration and birth weight in White, Black and mixed-race babies (1991) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 5, pp. 378-391; Kramer, M.S., Seguin, L., Lydon, J., Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: Why do the poor fare so poorly? (2000) Paediatr. Perinat. 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A Multidisciplinary Study, p. 44. , Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; Morris, J.N., Kagan, A., Pattison, D.C., Incidence and prediction of ischaemic heart disease in London Busmen (1966) Lancet, 2, pp. 553-559; Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiol. Rev., 18, pp. 159-174; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Upton, M., Height and risk of death among men and women: Aetiological implications of associations with cardiorespiratory disease and cancer mortality (2000) J. Epidemiology Community Health, 54, pp. 97-103; Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull. World Health Organ., 65, pp. 663-737; Strandjord, T.P., Emanuel, I., Williams, M.A., Leisenring, W.M., Kimpo, C., Respiratory distress syndrome and maternal birthweight effects (2000) Obstet. Gynecol., 95, pp. 174-179; Drillien, C.M., The social and economic factors affecting the incidence of premature births. Part 1. Premature births without complications of pregnancy (1957) J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Emp., 64, pp. 161-184; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach To Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344252891&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh269&partnerID=40&md5=9e5e77daabf2abe1511e4512e74d65b7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity indices among infants and their parents, Shiraz, Iran T2 - Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences J2 - Iran. J. Med. Sci. VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 161 EP - 167 PY - 2004 SN - 02530716 (ISSN) AU - Ayatollahi, S.M.T. AU - Heydari, S.T. AD - Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AD - P.O. Box 71345-1874, Shiraz, Iran AB - Background: Infantile obesity is becoming increasingly recognized as one of the public health problems in Iran. Objective: Obesity charts of a cohort of 317 healthy infants and their parents living in Shiraz (Southern Iran) are presented and the familial pattern of infants' obesity with that of its parents explored. Methods: An adjusted weight-for-height index was used to develop power type obesity indices, IP=W/HP. Polynomial modelling was used by applying the Healy-Rasbash-Yang (HRY) nonparametric method to estimate age-related smoothed centiles of obesity and dynamic obesity charts for infants and their parents are presented. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the data as continuous variables to analyse familial pattern of parent-infant obesity structurally. Results: The optimal value of p was found to be 2.5 for infants and 1 for their parents. Infants' obesity increases from birth to six months of age and decreases thereafter until the age of 21 months when it became stable. Obesity indices and circumferences sizes were reduced to two principal components interpreting infants as well as family obesity. The first principal component evaluates infants' obesity as a combination of obesity index as well as their arm, chest and head circumferences. Also the second principal component combines mothers' obesity and her arm circumference, while father obesity did not influence familial obesity structure significantly. Conclusion: Obesity is an age related phenomenon and dynamic charts presented herein are appropriate practical tools to assess obesity in both infants less than two years of age and their parents. KW - Age related KW - Infant KW - Obesity chart KW - Parent KW - anthropometry KW - arm KW - article KW - body mass KW - cephalometry KW - cohort analysis KW - disease predisposition KW - familial disease KW - female KW - height KW - human KW - infant KW - Iran KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn KW - obesity KW - parent KW - principal component analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - thorax KW - weight N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJMSD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ayatollahi, S.M.T.P.O. Box 71345-1874, Shiraz, Iran; email: ayatolahim@sums.ac.ir N1 - References: Kalies, H., Lens, J., Von Kries, R., Prevalence of overweight and obesity and trends in body mass index in German pre-school children, 1982-1997 (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1211-1217; Zimmermann, M.B., Hess, S.Y., Hurrell, R.F., (2000) A National Study of the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in 6-12 Y-old Swiss Children: Body Mass Index, Body-weight Perceptions. Eur J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. 568-572; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Castetbon, K., Arnault, N., Body mass index in 7-9-y-old French children: Frequency of obesity, overweight and thinness (2002) Int J Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1610-1616; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., CDC growth Charts: United States (2000) Adv Data, 8, pp. 1-27; Kuskowska-Wolk, A., Bergtrom, R., Trends in body mass index and prevalence of obesity in Swedish women 1980-89 (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 195-199; Massa, G., Body mass index measurements and prevalence of overweight and obesityy in school-children living in the province of Belgian Limburg (2002) Eur J Pediatr, 161, pp. 343-346; Kordy, M.N., El-Gamal, F.M., A study of pattern of body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity in Saudi population (1995) Asia Pac J Public Health, 8, pp. 59-65; El-Hazmi, M.A., Warsy, A.S., A comparative study of prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in different provinces of Saudi Arabia (2002) J Trop Pediatr, 48, pp. 172-177; Musaiger, A.O., Gregory, W.B., Profile of body composition of school children (6-18yrs) in Bahrain (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1093-1096; Al-Isa, A.N., Changes in body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity among Kuwaitis 1980-1994 (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 1093-1099; Guo, S.S., Wu, W., Chumlea, W.C., Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 653-658; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohot: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Quek, C.M., Koh, K., Lee, J., Parental body mass index: A Predictor of childhood obesity? (1993) Ann Acad Med Singapore, 22, pp. 342-347; Ayatollahi, S.M.T., Obesity in school children and their parents in southern Iran (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 845-850; Cole, T.J., Roede, M.J., Centiles of body mass index for Ductch children aged 0-20 years in 1980 - A baseline to assess recent trends in obesity (1999) Annals of Human Biology, 26, pp. 303-308; Dorosty, A.R., Siassi, F., Reilly, J.J., Obesity in Iranian children (2002) Arch Dis Child, 87, pp. 388-391; Ayatollahi, S.M.T., Carpenter, R.G., Height, weight BMI and weight-for-height of adults in southern Iran: How obesity should be defined? (1993) Annals of Human Biology, 20, pp. 13-19; Ayatollahi, S.M.T., Sizes and obesity pattern of South Iranian adolescent females (2003) Annals of Human Biology, 30, pp. 191-202; Cameron, N., (1984) The Measurement of Human Growth, , Bristol: Biddle Ltd, Guildford and King's Lynn; Cole, T.J., Weight/heightp compared to Weight/height2 for assessing adiposity in childhood: Influence of age and bone on p during puberty (1986) Annals of Human Biol, 13, pp. 433-451; Healy, M.J.R., Rasbash, J., Yang, M., Distribution-free estimation of age-related centiles (1988) Annals of Human Biol, 15, pp. 17-22; (1988) A Programme for Estimating Age Related Distribution Free Centiles, , London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Barlow, S.E., Dietz, W.H., Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee recommendations (1998) Pediatr, 102, pp. E29. , The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services; Must, A., Dallai, G.E., Dietz, W.H., Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skin folds thickness (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 839-846; Himes, J.H., Diets, W.H., Guidelines foroverweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 307-316. , The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services; Wang, Z., Patterson, C.M., Hills, A.P., Association between overweight obesity and household income and parental body mass index in Australian youth: Analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey, 1995 (2002) Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 11, pp. 200-205 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20544471575&partnerID=40&md5=566ed462d189197e78b67fe7e0e7ef6e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of factors identified in adolescence and early adulthood on social class inequities of musculoskeletal disorders at age 30: A prospective population-based cohort study T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1353 EP - 1360 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh237 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Khatun, M. AU - Ahlgren, C. AU - Hammarström, A. AD - Family Medicine, Dept. of Public Health/Clinical Med., Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden AD - Occupational Medicine, Dept. of Public Health/Clinical Med., Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden AB - Background. Social class inequities have been observed for most measures of health. A greater understanding of the relative importance of different explanations is required. In this prospective population-based cohort study we explored the contribution of factors, ascertained at different stages between adolescence and early adulthood, to social class inequities in musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) at age 30. Methods. We used data from 547 men and 497 women from a town in north Sweden who were baseline examined at age 16 and followed up to age 30. Using logistic regression models, we estimated the unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for MSD for blue-collar versus white-collar workers in men and women separately. We assessed the contribution of different factors identified between adolescence and early adulthood by comparing the unadjusted OR for social class differences with OR adjusted for these explanatory factors. Results. We found significant class differences at age 30 with higher MSD among blue-collar workers (OR = 2.03 in men [95% CI: 1.42, 2.901 and 1.98 in women [95% CI: 1.29, 3.02]). After adjustment for explanatory factors, class differences decreased and were no longer significant, with OR of 1.20 in men (95% CI: 0.76, 1.95) and 1.18 in women (95% CI: 0.69, 2.03). School grades at age 16; being single and alcohol consumption at age 21; having children, restricted financial resources, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and working conditions at age 30 were important for men; parents' social class, school grade, smoking and physical activity at age 16; being single at age 21; and working conditions at age 30 were important for women. Conclusion. The accumulation of adverse behavioural and social circumstances from adolescence to early adulthood may be an explanation for the class differences in MSD at age 30. Interventions aimed at reducing health inequities need to consider exploratory factors identified at early and later stages in life, also including structural determinants of health. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Adolescence KW - Adulthood KW - Inequity KW - Longitudinal KW - Low back pain KW - Neck pain KW - Prospective study KW - Social class KW - health impact KW - health status KW - occupation KW - social status KW - academic achievement KW - adolescence KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - developmental stage KW - family KW - female KW - financial management KW - follow up KW - health behavior KW - health promotion KW - human KW - logistic regression analysis KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - musculoskeletal disease KW - parent KW - physical activity KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - social status KW - statistical significance KW - Sweden KW - work environment KW - worker KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Low Back Pain KW - Male KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases KW - Neck Pain KW - Prospective Studies KW - Sex Factors KW - Single Person KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Northern Europe KW - Scandinavia KW - Sweden KW - World N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15513971 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Khatun, M.; Family Medicine, Dept. of Public Health/Clinical Med., Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden; email: masuma.khatun@fammed.umu.se N1 - References: Kaplan, G.A., Haan, M.N., Syme, S.L., Minkler, M., Winkelby, M., Socieconomic status and health (1987) Closing the Gap: The Burden of Unnecessary Illness, pp. 125-129. , Amler RW, Dull HB (eds). 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Stockholm: Gender statistics unit Statistics Sweden; Marmot, M., Bosma, H., Hemingway, H., Brunner, E., Stansfeld, S., Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease incidence (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 235-239; Fuhrer, R., Shipley, M., Chastang, J.F., Socioeconomic position, health, and possible explanations: A tale of two cohorts (2002) Am. J. Public Health, 92, pp. 1290-1294; Macleod, J., Davey Smith, G., Psychosocial factors and public health: A suitable case for treatment? (2003) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 57, pp. 565-570; Macleod, J., Davey Smith, G., Heslop, P., Metcalfe, C., Carroll, D., Hart, C., Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease: Empirical demonstration of bias in a prospective observational study of Scottish men (2002) BMJ, 324, pp. 1247-1251; Lundberg, O., Childhood conditions, sense of coherence, social class and adult ill health: Exploring their theoretical and empirical relations (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44, pp. 821-831; Fredriksson, K., Toomingas, A., Torgen, M., Thorbjornsson, C.B., Kilbom, A., Validity and reliability of self-reported retrospectively collected data on sick leave related to musculoskeletal diseases (1998) Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 24, pp. 425-431 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344274426&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh237&partnerID=40&md5=29fdd915509d993f0830bb86b11b9925 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The association of grandmaternal and maternal factors with maternal adult stature T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1243 EP - 1248 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh268 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Emanuel, I. AU - Kimpo, C. AU - Moceri, V. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Seattle Epidemiol. Res./Info. Center, Seattle, WA, United States AB - Background. Stature is an important determinant of several reproductive and non-reproductive health problems. Documentation of secular trends in stature has been based primarily on cross-sectional studies of special populations, primarily of men. The objective of this study is to determine how growth and socio-economic status (SES) factors relate to stature changes among lineal female relatives, maternal grandmothers to mothers. Methods. The study base was derived from a population-based intergenerational cohort which linked several statewide databases to data from the mothers' own birth certificates: the Washington State Intergenerational Cohort. Mothers in these ethnic groups were separately studied: non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics. We generated simple, partial, and multiple correlation coefficients to investigate the association between stature and other growth and SES factors. Results. A mother's stature is determined partly by her own mother's stature and partly by her birthweight. These two measures are individually stronger predictors of stature than are several available SES factors considered in combination - grandmother's age, parity, marital status, and mother's age. The maximal multiple correlation models yielded R2 values from 18% to 28%. Conclusions. Growth measures are stronger predictors of intergenerational changes in stature than are the several available socio-economic factors. However, socio-economic factors are partly responsible for the level of achieved prenatal and postnatal growth. Since grandmother's stature is a determinant of mother's birthweight, which in turn is a determinant of infant birthweight, some environmentally influenced determinants of some birth outcomes are already established before a prospective mother is conceived or born. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Birthweight KW - Growth KW - Intergenerational contribution KW - Socioeconomic status KW - Stature KW - maternal health KW - adult KW - African American KW - aged KW - American Indian KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body build KW - body growth KW - body height KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - correlation coefficient KW - elderly care KW - ethnic group KW - ethnology KW - female KW - female genital system KW - Hispanic KW - human KW - human experiment KW - maternal welfare KW - population distribution KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - relative KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Marital Status KW - Maternal Age KW - Mothers KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15256519 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Emanuel, I.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States; email: emanuel@u.washington.edu N1 - References: Illsley, R., Social class selection and class differences in relation to stillbirths and infant deaths (1995) BMJ, 2, pp. 1520-1524; Illsley, R., Kincaid, J.C., Social correlations of perinatal mortality (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 British Mortality Survey, pp. 270-286. , Butler NR, Bonham DG (eds). 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Nutr., 72, pp. 1542-1547; (1990) Vital Statistics of the United States, Vol 1. Natality, , National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, Maryland; Garn, S.M., Clark, D.C., Trowbridge, F.T., Tendency toward greater stature in American Black children (1973) Am. J. Dis. Child, 126, pp. 164-166; Klebanoff, M.A., Schulsinger, C., Mednick, B.R., Secher, N.J., Preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth across generations (1997) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 176, pp. 521-526; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , London, UK: BMJ Publishing Group; Li, C., Daling, J.R., Emanuel, I., Birth weight and risk of overall and cause-specific childhood mortality (2003) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 17, pp. 164-170; Woodbury, R.M., (1926) Infant Mortality and Its Causes, , Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; Baber, R.E., Ross, E.A., (1924) Changes in the Size of American Families in One Generation, , University of Wisconsin Studies in the Social Sciences and History, no. 10. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin; Tout, H., A statistical note on family allowances (1940) Econ. J., 50, pp. 51-59; Blake, J., Ideal family size among white Americans: A quarter of a century's evidence (1966) Demography, 3, pp. 154-173 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344306296&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh268&partnerID=40&md5=dcbfbbe18ee2cda997408d10034e0efe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence trends of obesity and overweight among 10-year-old children in western Sweden and relationship with parental body mass index T2 - Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics J2 - Acta Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr. VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 1588 EP - 1595 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/08035250410018265 SN - 08035253 (ISSN) AU - Mårild, S. AU - Bondestam, M. AU - Bergström, R. AU - Ehnberg, S. AU - Hollsing, A. AU - Albertsson-Wikland, K. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Inst. for Hlth. of Women/Children, Sahlgrenska Acad. at Goteborg Univ., Göteborg, Sweden AD - Central Unit of School Health Care, Göteborg, Sweden AD - Paediatr. Clin. and Hlth. Care Serv., Lerum, Sweden AD - Central Unit of School Health Care, City of Borås and Bollebygd, Sweden AD - Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden AB - Aim: To determine the regional prevalence, secular and family-related trends of obesity and overweight among 10-y-old children. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 10-y-old children, born in 1990, was performed during September 2000 to June 2001 at school health centres in three communities in the western part of Sweden. Evaluation was performed in 6311 children, or 81% of the target population. Data from a cohort of children, born in 1974, who form the national growth charts, were available for comparison. Results: The mean body mass index was 17.9 kg/m2 in 10-y-old children born in 1990 and 17.0 kg/m2 for 10-y-olds born in 1974 (p < 0.0001). Of the 10-y-old children in 2000-2001, born in 1990, 18% were overweight and 2.9 % obese, which corresponds to a twofold increase in presence of overweight and a fourfold increase in presence of obesity among 10-y-old children from 1984 to 2000. There was a significant correlation between parental and child body mass index. The prevalence of obesity and being overweight appeared to be higher in children whose parents did not participate in the study. Conclusion: During a 16-y period, from 1984 to 2000, a twofold increase in being overweight and a fourfold increase in obesity were seen among 10-y-old children in the western part of Sweden. Parental ponderosity or reluctance to participate in the study was related to a higher prevalence of being overweight or obese in the children. There is a need for the healthcare system to recognize the threats to the health of the population of this new "epidemic" and initiate preventive measures and treatment programmes. KW - Body mass index KW - Children KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - article KW - body mass KW - child KW - epidemic KW - evaluation KW - female KW - health care system KW - health program KW - human KW - male KW - obesity KW - parent KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - Sweden KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Catchment Area (Health) KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Prevalence KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :77 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APAEE C2 - 15841766 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mårild, S.; Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden; email: staffan.marild@pediat.gu.se N1 - References: Seidell, J.C., Obesity: A growing problem (1999) Acta Paediatr, (SUPPL. 428), pp. 46-50; Magarey, A.M., Daniels, L.A., Boulton, T.J.C., Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: Reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions (2001) Med J Aust, 174, pp. 561-564; De Onis, M., Blössner, M., Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1032-1039; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies of British children 1974-94 (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 24-26; Bundred, P., Kitchiner, D., Buchan, I., Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: Population based series of cross sectional studies (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 1-4; Strauss, R., Pollack, H., Epidemic increase in childhood overweight 1986-1998 (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 2845-2848; McCarthy, D.H., Ellis, S.M., Cole, T., Central overweight and obesity in British youth age 11-16 years: Cross sectional surveys of waist circumference (2003) Br Med J, 326, pp. 624-626; Rudolf, M., Sahota, P., Earth, J., Walker, J., Increasing prevalence of obesity in primary school children: A cohort study (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 1094-1095; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., Hansen, H.O., Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995 (1999) Acta Paediatr, 88, pp. 431-447; Berg, I.-M., Simonsson, B., Brantefors, B., Ringqvist, I., Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in a county in Sweden (2001) Acta Paediatr, 90, pp. 671-676; Petersen, S., Brulin, C., Bergström, E., Increasing prevalence of overweight in young schoolchildren in Umeå, Sweden, from 1986 to 2001 (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 848-853; Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation (2000) World Health Organisation, Technical Report Series 894, , Geneva: WHO; Cole, T., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) Br Med J, 320, pp. 1-6; He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Population-based body mass index reference values from Göteborg, Sweden: Birth to 18 years of age (2000) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 582-592; Karlberg, J., Luo, Z.C., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Body mass index reference values (mean and SD) for Swedish children (2001) Acta Paediatr, 90, pp. 1427-1434; Erratum (2002) Acta Paediatr, 91, p. 362; Albertsson Wikland, K., Luo, Z.C., Niklasson, A., Karlberg, J., Swedish population-based longitudinal reference values from birth to 18 years for height, weight and head circumference (2002) Acta Paediatr, 91, pp. 739-754; Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthrometry (1995) WHO Technical Report Series 854, , Geneva: WHO; Whitaker, R., Wright, J., Pepe, M., Seidel, K., Dietz, W., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Maes, H., Neale, M., Eaves, L., Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 325-351; Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M.S., Cole, T., Fetal origins of adult disease - The hypothesis revisited (1999) Br Med J, 319, pp. 245-249; Lissau, I., Sorensen, T., Parental neglect during childhood and increased risk of obesity in young adulthood (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 324-327; Booth, M.L., Wake, M., Armstrong, T., Chey, T., Hesketh, K., Mathur, S., The epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-97 (2001) Aust N Z J Public Health, 25, pp. 162-169; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch Dis Childh, 76, pp. 182-189; He, Q., Karlberg, J., BMI in childhood and its association with height gain, timing of puberty, and final height (2001) Fed Res, 49, pp. 244-251; Shalitin, S., Phillip, M., Role of obesity and leptin in the pubertal process and pubertal growth - A review (2003) Int J Obes, 27, pp. 869-874; Rolland-Cachera, M., Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: A follow-up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 years of age (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 573-578; Wang, Z., Patterson, C., Hill, A., Association between overweight or obesity and household income and parental body mass index in Australian youth: Analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey, 1995 (2002) Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr, 11, pp. 200-205; Williams, S., Overweight at age 21: The association with body mass index in childhood and adolescence and parents' body mass index. A cohort study of New Zealanders born in 1972-73 (2001) Int J Obes, 25, pp. 158-163; Lake, J., Power, C., Cole, T., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Childh, 77, pp. 376-381; Poskitt, E., Defining childhood obesity: Fiddling whilst Rome burns? (2001) Acta Paediatr, 90, pp. 1361-1367 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10844290840&doi=10.1080%2f08035250410018265&partnerID=40&md5=11c0884dc7388aeb9a3f9cadc9a3cf93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schooling, socioeconomic context and literacy development T2 - Educational Psychology J2 - Educ. Psychol. VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 867 EP - 883 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/0144341042000271746 SN - 01443410 (ISSN) AU - D'Angiulli, A. AU - Siegel, L.S. AU - Hertzman, C. AD - University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops, BC, Canada AD - University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada AD - Research Centre, University College of Cariboo, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada AB - This longitudinal study examined the relationship between schooling, literacy development, and socioeconomic context, as reflected by a composite measure of socioeconomic status (SES). Reading, spelling, and phonological abilities were assessed from kindergarten to grade three in Canadian children in a school district with intensive literacy activities. In kindergarten, there were significant associations between SES and all the abilities assessed but these associations declined systematically to non-significant levels by grade three. Risk and prevalence of reading failure also decreased with more schooling. The results suggest that the attenuation of the association between SES and literacy-related skills, and the progressive reduction of the risk for reading failure, were positive outcomes associated with the literacy school program, especially in the early grades. N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: D'Angiulli, A.; Research Centre, University College of Cariboo, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada; email: adangiulli@cariboo.bc.ca N1 - Funding text: We thank the students, principals, staff, and teachers of North Vancouver School District, Robin Brayne, Mike Rockwell, Penny King, Jason Curteis, and Baragar Demographics. We thank the Human Early Learning Partnership, Sidney McLean, and Stefania Maggi. We thank Dafna Kohen and Jim Dunn for comments on earlier drafts. We acknowledge funding from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council to L. S. 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P. Keating & C. Hertzman (Eds.). New York: The Guilford Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644235992&doi=10.1080%2f0144341042000271746&partnerID=40&md5=f6bd3dc3c9466a4e0ab4c9752a5055ad ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preventing long-term welfare receipt: The theoretical relationship between health and poverty over the early life course T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 2285 EP - 2301 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.03.022 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Nielsen, M.J. AU - Juon, H.-S. AU - Ensminger, M. AD - Dept. of Hlth. Policy and Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3044, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States AD - Dept. of Hlth. Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch. Pub. H., Baltimore, MD 21218, United States AD - Royal College of Psychiatrists', Research University, 83 Victoria Sweet, London S., United Kingdom AB - Largely absent in the congressional debate regarding U.S. welfare reform reauthorization are policy discussions aimed at preventing long-term welfare use for families at risk. This study examines three social science perspectives explaining the relationship between early poverty and health as a means to understand long-term welfare receipt. Using longitudinal data collected for more than 30 years from a cohort of African Americans living in inner-city Chicago, we examined whether a social causation, health selection, or bio-social perspective best characterized the route to long-term welfare receipt. Results indicated that a bio-social perspective provided the best explanation for how early life course factors relate to long-term welfare use later in adulthood. Thus, this theory merits further study as an explanation for the relationship between health status and income. These findings point to the vulnerability of those who are both poor and in ill health, and should direct our policies regarding how to best prevent long term welfare receipt in future generations. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Bio-social KW - Health KW - Health selection KW - Long-term welfare receipt KW - Poverty KW - Social causation KW - ethnic minority KW - health status KW - poverty KW - welfare provision KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - child health KW - female KW - health care access KW - health status KW - human KW - income KW - male KW - poverty KW - social aspect KW - social welfare KW - socioeconomics KW - theoretical study KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Poverty KW - Prospective Studies KW - Public Policy KW - Social Welfare KW - Time Factors KW - Chicago KW - Illinois KW - North America KW - United States N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 15450704 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Nielsen, M.J.; Dept. of Hlth. 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Marriage Fam. VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - 1246 EP - 1259 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00090.x SN - 00222445 (ISSN) AU - Cooke, L.P. AD - University of Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 INF, United Kingdom AB - The literature on the predictors of the division of household labor continues to expand, but the effect of this division on family outcomes has not been explored. Using the German SocioEconomic Panel (N = 628), I analyze the effect of men's participation in housework and child care on the likelihood of second birth and divorce. Fathers' greater relative child-care time increases couples' odds of second birth, attenuating the negative effect of mothers' employment. Husbands' relative housework time is insignificant in predicting second birth or divorce among couples with at least one child, but increases the likelihood of divorce among childless couples. This is evidence that the division of domestic labor affects family outcomes, but effects differ depending on the outcome and presence of children. KW - Divorce KW - Fertility KW - Gendered division of labor KW - Longitudinal analysis N1 - Cited By :66 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JMFAA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cooke, L.P.; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 INF, United Kingdom; email: lynn.cooke@nuffield.oxford.ac.uk N1 - References: Aberg, Y., (2003) Social Interactions: Studies of Contextual Effects and Endogenous Processes, , Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Stockholm, Sweden; Allison, P.D., (1984) Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Analysis, , Sage University Paper series in Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences No. 07-046. 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London: Sage; Yogev, S., Brett, J., Perceptions of the division of housework and child care and marital satisfaction (1985) Journal of Marriage and Family, 47, pp. 609-618 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10844249394&doi=10.1111%2fj.0022-2445.2004.00090.x&partnerID=40&md5=c63401d00cfd6d9781b4a9205384f9e3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are oral contraceptive use and pregnancy complications risk factors for atopic disorders among offspring? T2 - Pediatric Allergy and Immunology J2 - Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 487 EP - 496 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00185.x SN - 09056157 (ISSN) AU - Brooks, K. AU - Samms-Vaughan, M. AU - Karmaus, W. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States AD - Department of Obstetrics, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica AD - Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, 4660 S. Hagadorn Rd, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States AB - In utero programming of atopic manifestations has been suggested. We investigated the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use before, and complications during pregnancy (CDP) and asthma, along with other atopic manifestations. The study is based on neonates from Kingston and St Andrew, a geographic subcohort from the Jamaican Perinatal Morbidity, Mortality Survey conducted in 1986-1987. Information on OC use and CDP was extracted from maternal interviews and medical records. In a follow up in 1997-1998, via interviews with mothers, trained nurses collected information on asthma/wheezing, coughing, eczema, and hay fever. Data, specific to this paper, from birth and 11-12 yr of age was available for a total of 1040 of the 1720 members of the geographic subcohort. Using logistic regression, controlling for confounders, we estimated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). For asthma or wheezing, and coughing, aOR for OC use were 1.81 (95% CI: 1.25-2.61), and 2.72 (95% CI: 1.41-5.24), respectively. CDP was only shown to be a significant risk factor for hay fever. Additionally, a higher number of older siblings were protective for hay fever. The results suggest that asthma in childhood may be programmed in utero. KW - Asthma KW - Atopy KW - Eczema KW - Hay fever KW - Oral contraceptives KW - Pregnancy complications KW - oral contraceptive agent KW - article KW - asthma KW - atopy KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - coughing KW - disease association KW - eczema KW - geographic distribution KW - hay fever KW - health survey KW - human KW - interview KW - jamaican perinatal morbidity mortality survey KW - logistic regression analysis KW - major clinical study KW - medical record KW - oral contraception KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - wheezing KW - Asthma KW - Causality KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comorbidity KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - Cough KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dermatitis, Atopic KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Jamaica KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PALUE C2 - 15610361 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Brooks, K.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral N1 - References: Asher, M.I., Keil, U., Anderson, H.R., International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): Rationale and methods (1995) Eur Respir J, 8, pp. 483-491; Beasley, R., Crane, J., Lai, C.K., Pearce, N., Prevalence etiology of asthma (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 105, pp. S466-S472; Wjst, M., Dold, S., Is asthma an endocrine disease? 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