TY - JOUR TI - Younger birth cohort correlates with higher breast and ovarian cancer risk in European BRCA1 mutation carriers T2 - Human Mutation J2 - Hum. Mutat. VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 583 EP - 589 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1002/humu.20261 SN - 10597794 (ISSN) AU - Kroiss, R. AU - Winkler, V. AU - Bikas, D. AU - Fleischmann, E. AU - Mainau, C. AU - Frommlet, F. AU - Muhr, D. AU - Fuerhauser, C. AU - Tea, M. AU - Bittner, B. AU - Kubista, E. AU - Oefner, P.J. AU - Bauer, P. AU - Wagner, T.M.U. AU - Bachmann, A. AU - Matthae, K. AU - Bachner, M. AU - Baldinger, C. AU - Baldinger, M. AU - Kusatz, R. AU - Concin, H. AU - Rohde, M. AU - Doeller, W. AU - Melbinger, E. AU - Duba, H.-C. AU - Forsthuber, E.P. AU - Sussitz, S. AU - Haid, A. AU - Lang, A. AU - Taraben, A. AU - Koeberle-Wuehrer, R. AU - Klug, E. AU - Leikermoser, R. AU - Hochmeir, W. AU - Krichbaumer, D. AU - Schmidhammer, C. AU - Poestlberger, S. AU - Mayer, P. AU - Mlineritsch, B. AU - Meixner, A. AU - Payrits, T. AU - Peintinger, F. AU - Niernberger, T. AU - Petru, E. AU - Steindorfer, P. AU - Konstantiniuk, P. AU - Ropp, E. AU - Menzel, C. AU - Glueck, S. AU - Tausch, C. AU - Smekal-Schindelwig, C. AU - Wahl, G. AU - Wiegele, J. AU - Schaefer, S. AU - Berning, S. AD - Division of Senology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria AD - Private Trust for Breast Health, Vienna, Austria AD - Department of Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria AD - Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States AD - Department of Obstetrics, Division of Senology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria AD - Hospital of Hall/Tyrol, Austria AD - General Hospital of St. Poelten, Austria AD - General Hospital of Wels, Austria AD - General Hospital of Bregenz, Austria AD - General Hospital of Wolfsberg, Austria AD - Women's General Hospital, Linz, Austria AD - General Hospital of Klagenfurt, Austria AD - General Hospital of Feldkirch, Austria AD - General Hospital of Oberwart, Austria AD - Hospital of St. Elisabeth, Linz, Austria AD - Hospital of the Merciful Sisters, Linz, Austria AD - General Hospital of Salzburg, Austria AD - General Hospital of Freistadt, Austria AD - Hospital of Wiener Neustadt, Austria AD - General Hospital of Leoben, Austria AD - University of Graz, Austria AD - University of Innsbruck, Austria AD - General Hospital of Linz, Austria AD - Hospital of Kardinal Schwarzenberg, Schwarzach/Pongau, Austria AB - Mutations in the BRCA1 gene result in an elevated risk of breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC). However, risk estimates vary depending on the study population and statistical methodology used, and there are indications that the birth cohort and location of the mutation influence cancer risk. We investigated the risks for BC and OC associated with BRCA1 mutations in a young cohort of female mutation carriers who were identified by molecular genetic testing and belonged to a genetically heterogeneous Central European population. The study included 106 healthy and 158 affected carriers identified at an Austrian risk evaluation center. Risk estimation employed the product limit method. The log rank test was used to compare different strata. The risk of developing cancer to age 70 was found to be 85% for BC (95% CI 75-97%) and 53% for OC (95% CI 37-68%). Female mutation carriers born in 1958 or later were subject to a significantly higher risk of BC (P = 0.005; 27% vs. 46% to age 40) and OC (P = 0.006; 2% vs. 8% to age 40) than those born earlier. Mutations in exon 11 were associated with lower BC risk than mutations in exons 1-10 (P = 0.008) and exons 12-24 (P = 0.0006). OC risk was not influenced by mutation location (P = 0.86). We conclude that female BRCA1 mutation carriers should be counseled about their cohort-dependent cancer risk. Further research into variables that affect cancer risk and are amenable to modification (e.g., lifestyle-related factors) should be considered a priority. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. KW - BRCA1 KW - Breast cancer KW - Cancer risk KW - Ovarian cancer KW - BRCA1 protein KW - age KW - article KW - Austria KW - breast cancer KW - cancer risk KW - cancer susceptibility KW - cohort analysis KW - Europe KW - exon KW - female KW - gene location KW - gene mutation KW - genetic counseling KW - heterozygote KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - oncogene KW - ovary cancer KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Cohort Studies KW - Europe KW - Female KW - Genes, BRCA1 KW - Heterozygote KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Ovarian Neoplasms KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HUMUE C2 - 16287141 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kroiss, R.; Department of Obstetrics, Division of Senology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; email: regina.kroiss@meduniwien.ac.at N1 - References: Antoniou, A., Pharoah, P.D., Narod, S., Risch, H.A., Eyfjord, J.E., Hopper, J.L., Loman, N., Easton, D.E., Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: A combined analysis of 22 studies (2003) Am J Hum Genet, 72, pp. 1117-1130; Brose, M.S., Rebbeck, T.R., Calzone, K.A., Stopfer, J.E., Nathanson, K.L., Weber, B.L., Cancer risk estimates for BRCA1 mutation carriers identified in a risk evaluation program (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 1365-1372; Buchholz, T.A., Wu, X., Hussain, A., Tucker, S.L., Mills, G.B., Haffty, B., Bergh, S., Brock, W.A., Evidence of haplotype insufficiency in human cells containing a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (2002) Int J Cancer, 97, pp. 557-561; Den Dunnen, J.T., Antonarakis, S.E., Mutation nomenclature extensions and suggestions to describe complex mutations: A discussion (2000) Hum Mut, 15, pp. 7-12; Easton, D.F., Ford, D., Bishop, D.T., Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA1-mutation carriers (1995) Am J Hum Genet, 56, pp. 265-271. , Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium; Easton, D.F., Hopper, J.L., Thomas, D.C., Antoniou, A., Pharoah, P.D., Whittemore, A.S., Haile, R.W., Breast cancer risks for BRCA1/2 carriers (2004) Science, 306, pp. 2187-2191; Eng, C., Brody, L.C., Wagner, T.M., Devilee, P., Vilg, J., Szabo, C., Tavtigian, S.V., Frank, T.S., Interpreting epidemiological research: Blinded comparison of methods used to estimate the prevalence of inherited mutations in BRCA1 (2001) J Med Genet, 38, pp. 824-833; Gayther, S.A., Warren, W., Mazoyer, S., Russell, P.A., Harrington, P.A., Chiano, M., Seal, S., Ponder, B.A.J., Germline mutations of the BRCA1 gene in breast and ovarian cancer families provide evidence for a genotype-phenotype correlation (1995) Nat Genet, 11, pp. 428-433; King, M.C., Marks, J.H., Mandell, J.B., Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (2003) Science, 302, pp. 643-646; Miki, Y., Swensen, J., Shattuck-Eidens, D., Futreal, P.A., Harshman, K., Tavtigian, S., Liu, Q., Skolnick, M.H., A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 (1994) Science, 266, pp. 66-71; Muhr, D., Wagner, T., Oefner, P.J., Polymerase chain reaction fidelity and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (2002) J Chromatogr, 782, pp. 105-110; Narod, S.A., Goldgar, D., Cannon-Albright, L., Weber, B., Moslehi, R., Ives, E., Lenoir, G., Lynch, H., Risk modifiers in carriers of BRCA1 mutations (1995) Int J Cancer, 64, pp. 394-398; Narod, S.A., Modifiers of risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (2002) Nat Rev Cancer, 2, pp. 113-123; Ramlau-Hansen, H., Smoothing counting process intensities by means of kernel functions (1983) Ann Stat, 11, pp. 453-466; Satagopan, J.M., Offit, K., Foulkes, W., Robson, M.E., Wacholder, S., Eng, C.M., Karp, S.E., Begg, C.B., The lifetime risks of breast cancer in Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (2001) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, pp. 467-473; Satagopan, J.M., Boyd, J., Kauff, N.D., Robson, M., Scheuer, L., Narod, S., Offit, K., Ovarian cancer risk in Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (2002) Clin Cancer Res, 8, pp. 3776-3781; Struewing, J.P., Hartge, P., Wacholder, S., Baker, S.M., Berlin, M., McAdams, M., Timmerman, M.M., Tucker, M.A., Risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Ashkenazi Jews (1997) N Engl J Med, 336, pp. 1401-1408; Thompson, D., Easton, D.F., Cancer incidence in BRCA1 mutation carriers (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 1358-1365; Wacholder, S., Struewing, J.P., Hartge, P., Greene, M.H., Tucker, M.A., Breast cancer risks for BRCA1/2 carriers (2004) Science, 306, pp. 2187-2191; Wagner, T., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Fleischmann, E., Muhr, D., Pages, S., Sandberg, T., Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography detects reliably BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (1999) Genomics, 62, pp. 369-376; Wainberg, S., Husted, J., Utilization of screening and preventive surgery among unaffected carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation (2004) Cancer Epidemiol Biomakers Prev, 13, pp. 1989-1995; Warner, E., Foulkes, W., Goodwin, P., Meschino, W., Blondal, J., Paterson, C., Ozcelik, H., Narod, S., Prevalence and penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in unselected Ashkenazi Jewish women with breast cancer (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 1241-1247 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28844476655&doi=10.1002%2fhumu.20261&partnerID=40&md5=08e2feaea797f003040f751743d1723b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of radiation on the longitudinal trends of hemoglobin levels in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors T2 - Radiation Research J2 - Radiat. Res. VL - 164 IS - 6 SP - 820 EP - 827 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1667/RR3470.1 SN - 00337587 (ISSN) AU - Wong, F.L. AU - Yamada, M. AU - Tominaga, T. AU - Fujiwara, S. AU - Suzuki, G. AD - Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Center for Community Health, UCLA, United States AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AD - Sasebo Central Hospital, Japan AB - The late effects of radiation on the hematopoietic system have not been fully evaluated. We examined the long-term effects of radiation exposure on hemoglobin levels in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors over a 40-year period from 1958 to 1998. Compared to the unexposed survivors, the mean hemoglobin levels for those exposed to a bone marrow dose of 1 Gy were significantly reduced by 0.10 g/dl (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.16) or 0.67% at 40 years of age (P < 0.0001) and by 0.24 g/dl (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.40) or 1.8% at 80 years of age. Radiation effects are greater for smokers than for nonsmokers at age less than 35 years (P < 0.01), although cigarette smoking was associated with increased hemoglobin levels. Sex and birth cohort differences in radiation effects were not found after adjusting for smoking. The radiation-induced reduction in hemoglobin levels could not be explained by the presence of certain anemia-associated diseases. © 2005 by Radiation Research Society. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - anemia KW - article KW - atomic bomb KW - bone marrow KW - cigarette smoking KW - clinical article KW - female KW - hematopoietic system KW - hemoglobin determination KW - human KW - Japan KW - male KW - priority journal KW - radiation KW - radiation exposure KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Anemia KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Hemoglobins KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Smoking KW - Survivors KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: RAREA C2 - 16296889 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: yamada@rerf.or.jp N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Hemoglobins N1 - References: Preston, D.L., Kusumi, S., Tomonaga, M., Izumi, S., Ron, E., Kuramoto, A., Kamada, N., Mabuchi, K., Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part III. Leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, 1950-1987 (1994) Radiat. Res., 137 (SUPPL.), pp. S68-S97; Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., Schull, W.J., Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 9. Mortality, 1950-1985: Part 2. Cancer mortality based on the recently revised doses (DS86) (1990) Radiat. Res., 121, pp. 120-141; Blaisdell, R.K., Amamoto, K., (1966) Review of ABCC Hematologic Studies., , Technical Report No. 25-66, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima; Wald, N., Truax, W.E., Sears, M.E., Suzuki, G., Yamamoto, T., Hematological findings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors: A 10 year review (1956) 6th International Congress of the International Society of Hematology., , Grune & Stratton, New York; Sawada, H., Kodama, K., Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., (1986) Adult Health Study Report 6, Results of Six Examination Cycles, 1968-80, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , RERF Technical Report 3-86. Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima; Yamada, M., Wong, F.L., Suzuki, G., Longitudinal trends of hemoglobin levels in a Japanese population-RERF's Adult Health Study subjects (2003) Eur. J. Haematol., 70, pp. 129-135; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Akiba, S., Shimaoka, K., Hosoda, Y., Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1986 (1993) Radiat. Res., 135, pp. 418-430; Pierce, D.A., Shimizu, Y., Preston, D.L., Vaeth, M., Mabuchi, K., Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors. Report 12. Part I. Cancer: 1950-1990 (1996) Radiat. Res., 146, pp. 1-27; (1990) Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V), , National Academy Press, Washington, DC; Pierce, D.A., Stram, D.O., Vaeth, M., Allowing for random errors in radiation dose estimates for the atomic bomb survivor data (1990) Radiat. Res., 123, pp. 275-284; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Hosoda, Y., Effects of radiation on the longitudinal trends of total serum cholesterol levels in the atomic bomb survivors (1999) Radiat. Res., 151, pp. 736-746; Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H., Random-effects models for longitudinal data (1982) Biometrics, 38, pp. 963-974; Cnaan, A., Laird, N.M., Slasor, P., Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data (1997) Stat. Med., 16, pp. 2349-2380; Brown, W., Rabash, J., Healy, M., Cameron, B., Charlton, C., (2001) MLwiN 1.10.0007 Software, , www.site-software.bham.ac.uk/software/fulltext/full-MLWin.pd], Institute of Education, University of London, London; Little, R.J.A., Rubin, D.B., (2002) Statistical Analysis with Missing Data., , Wiley, New Jersey; Vonesh, E.F., Chinchilli, V.M., (1997) Linear and Nonlinear Models for the Analysis of Repeated Measurements, , Marcel Dekker, New York; Yamada, M., Wong, F.L., Fujiwara, S., Akahoshi, M., Suzuki, G., Noncancer disease incidence in atomic bomb survivors. 1958-1998 (2004) Radiat. Res., 161, pp. 622-632; Lee, G.R., The anemia of chronic disease (1983) Semin. Hematol., 20, pp. 61-80; Hall, E., (2000) Radiobiology for the Radiologist, 5th Ed., , Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; Grilli, G., Nothdurft, W., Fliedner, T., Radiation sensitivity of human erythropoietic and granulopoietic progenitor cells in the blood and in the bone marrow (1982) Int. J. Radiat Biol., 41, pp. 685-687; Broxmeyer, H., Galbraith, P., Baker, F., Relationship of colony-stimulating activity to apparent kill of human colony-forming cells by irradiation and hydroxyurea (1976) Blood, 47, pp. 403-411; Blank, K.R., Cascardi, M.A., Kao, G.D., The utility of serial complete blood count monitoring in patients receiving radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer (1999) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 44, pp. 317-321; Plowman, P.N., The effects of conventionally fractionated, extended portal radiotherapy on the human peripheral blood count (1983) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 9, pp. 829-839; Asbell, S.O., Leon, S.A., Tester, W.J., Brereton, H.D., Ago, C.T., Rotman, M., Development of anemia and recovery in prostate cancer patients treated with combined androgen blockage and radiotherapy (1996) Prostate, 29, pp. 243-248; Momm, F., Bechtold, C., Rudat, V., Strnad, V., Tsekos, A., Fischer, K., Henke, M., Alteration of radiation-induced hematotoxicity by amifostine (2001) Int. J. Radiat Oncol. Biol. Phys., 51, pp. 947-951; Yang, F., Vaida, F., Ignacio, L., Houghton, A., Nautiyal, J., Halpern, H., Sutton, H., Vijayakumar, S., Analysis of weekly complete blood counts in patients receiving standard fractionated partial body radiation therapy (1995) Int. J. Radiat Oncol. Biol. Phys., 33, pp. 607-617; Lawton, C.A., Cohen, E.P., Barber-Derus, S.W., Murray, K.J., Ash, R.C., Casper, J.T., Moulder, J.E., Late renal dysfunction in adult survivors of bone marrow transplantation (1991) Cancer, 67, pp. 2795-2800; Ha, C.S., Tucker, S.L., Blanco, A.I., Wilder, R.B., McLaughlin, P., Cabanillas, F., Cox, J.D., Hematologic recovery after central lymphatic irradiation for patients with stage I-III follicular lymphoma (2001) Cancer, 92, pp. 1074-1079; Guinan, E.C., Tarbell, N.J., Niemeyer, C.M., Sallan, S.E., Weinstein, H.J., Intravascular hemolysis and renal insufficiency after bone marrow transplantation (1988) Blood, 72, pp. 451-455; Cohen, E.P., Robbins, M.E., Radiation nephropathy (2003) Semin. Nephrol., 23, pp. 486-499; Cohen, E.P., Lawton, C.A., Moulder, J.E., Bone marrow transplant nephropathy: Radiation nephritis revisited (1995) Nephron, 70, pp. 217-222; Down, J.D., Berman, A.J., Warhol, M., Yeap, B., Mauch, P., Late complications following total-body irradiation and bone marrow rescue in mice: Predominance of glomerular nephropathy and hemolytic anemia (1990) Int. J. Radiat. BioL, 57, pp. 551-565; Radtke, H.W., Claussner, A., Erbes, P.M., Scheuermann, E.H., Schoeppe, W., Koch, K.M., Serum erythropoietin concentration in chronic renal failure: Relationship to degree of anemia and excretory renal function (1979) Blood, 54, pp. 877-884; Robbins, M.E., Bonsib, S.M., Radiation nephropathy. A review (1995) Scanning Microsc., 9, pp. 535-560; Klimenko, V.I., Iukhimuk, L.N., The morphofunctional indices of the erythrocytic link in hemopoiesis in persons constantly working in an area of intensified radioecological control (1993) Likarska Sprava, 2-3, pp. 31-36. , in Russian; Petrova, A., Gnedko, T., Maistrova, I., Zafranskaya, M., Dainiak, N., Morbvidity in a large cohort study of children born to mothers exposed to radiation from Chernobyl (1997) Stem Cells, 15 (SUPPL.), pp. 141-150; Koshel, I.V., Rumiantsev, A.G., Health status of children exposed to low doses of radiation 1 year after the Chernoby AES accident (1991) Pediatriia, 12, pp. 13-16; Pivnik, A.V., Moiseeva, T.N., Domracheva, E.V., Al-Radi, L.S., Broun, G.A., Karpova, I.V., Kremenetskaia, A.M., Vorob'ev, A.I., The clinico-hematological indices of the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident (1996) Ter. Arkh., 68, pp. 73-77. , in Russian; Kulakov, V.I., Sokur, T.N., Volobuev, A.I., Tzibulskaya, I.S., Malisheva, V.A., Zikin, B.I., Ezova, L.C., Speranskaya, N.V., Female reproductive function in areas affected by radiation after the Chernobyl power station accident (1993) Environ. Health Perspect., 101 (SUPPL.), pp. 117-123; (1979) Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings, , Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo; Snell, F.M., Neel, J.V., Ishibashi, K., Hematologic studies in Hiroshima and a control city two years after the atomic bombing (1947) Arch. Intern. Med., pp. 569-604; Finch, S.C., Finch, C.A., (1988) Summary of the Studies at ABCC-RERF Concerning the Late Hematologic Effects of Atomic Bomb Exposure in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , TR 23-88, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima; Freedman, L., Seki, M., Phair, J., Nefzger, M.D., (1966) Proteinuria in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors, , TR 22-66, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima; Geiger, H., Van Zant, G., The aging of lympho-hematopoietic stem cells (2002) Nat. Immunol., 3, pp. 329-333; Chen, J., Astle, C.M., Harrison, D.E., Hematopoietic senescence is postponed and hematopoietic stem cell function is enhanced by dietary restriction (2003) Exp. Hematol., 31, pp. 1097-1103; Kusunoki, Y., Kyoizumi, S., Hirai, Y., Suzuki, T., Nakashima, E., Kodama, K., Seyama, T., Flow cytometry measurements of subsets of T, B and NK cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of atomic bomb survivors (1998) Radiat. Res., 150, pp. 227-236; Yamaoka, M., Kusunoki, Y., Kasagi, F., Hayashi, T., Nakachi, K., Kyoizumi, S., Decreases in percentages of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells and increases in percentages of memory CD8 T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood lymphocyte populations of A-bomb survivors (2004) Radiat. Res., 161, pp. 290-298; Nordenberg, D., Yip, R., Binkin, N.J., The effect of cigarette smoking on hemoglobin levels and anemia screening (1990) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 264, pp. 1556-1559; Rodger, R.S., Fletcher, K., Fail, B.J., Rahman, H., Sviland, L., Hamilton, P.J., Factors influencing haematological measurements in healthy adults (1987) J. Chronic Dis., 40, pp. 943-947 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28044432093&doi=10.1667%2fRR3470.1&partnerID=40&md5=2c06714874d5057ee3e698bc1ad5a80a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parent-child relationships and health problems in adulthood in three UK national birth cohort studies T2 - European Journal of Public Health J2 - Eur. J. Public Health VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 640 EP - 646 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/eurpub/cki049 SN - 11011262 (ISSN) AU - Stewart-Brown, S.L. AU - Fletcher, L. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom AD - Biostatistician, Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Division of Health in the Community, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom AB - Background: Event-based measures suggest that emotional adversity in childhood has a long-term health impact, but less attention has been paid to chronic emotional stressors such as family conflict, harsh discipline or lack of affection. This study aimed to assess the impact of the latter on health problems and illness in adulthood. Methods: Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses of data collected in three UK national birth cohort studies at ages 43 and 16 years covering subjective report of relationship quality from the 'child', and number of health problems and illnesses reported in adulthood at ages 43, 33 and 26 years adjusted for social class, sex and, in 1946 and 1970 cohorts, for symptoms of mental illness. Results: Reports of abuse and neglect (1946 cohort), poor quality relationship with mother and father (1958 cohort), and a range of negative relationship descriptors (1970 cohort) predicted reports of three or more illnesses or health problems in adulthood. Results were inconsistent with respect to one or two illnesses or health problems. Adjustment for sex, social class and poor mental health attenuated the odds of poor health, but measures of relationship quality retained a significant independent effect. Conclusions: Poor quality parent-child relationships could be a remediable risk factor for poor health in adulthood. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved. KW - Adult health KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Parent-child relationships KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adult disease KW - birth KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - conflict KW - controlled study KW - emotional stress KW - father KW - father child relation KW - female KW - human KW - information processing KW - logistic regression analysis KW - long term exposure KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - mother KW - mother child relation KW - multivariate logistic regression analysis KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - qualitative analysis KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - sex ratio KW - social class KW - statistical significance KW - symptom KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Family Relations KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Love KW - Male KW - Parent-Child Relations N1 - Cited By :40 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJPHF C2 - 16093299 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Stewart-Brown, S.L.; Division of Health in the Community, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; email: sarah.stewart-brown@warwick.ac.uk N1 - References: Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.J., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch Dis Childhood, 77, pp. 326-330; Ely, M., Richards, M.P.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Elliott, B.J., Secular changes in the association of parental divorce and children's educational attainment; evidence from 3 British birth cohorts (1999) J Social Policy, 28, pp. 437-455; Robins, L.N., Rutter, M.E., (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Loebe, R., Dishion, T., Early predictors of male delinquency: A review (1983) Psychol Bull, 94, pp. 68-99; Neeleman, J., Wessely, S., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Predictors of suicide, accidental death and premature natural death in a general population cohort (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 93-97; Rogers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1309; Amato, P., Loomis, L., Booth, A., Parental divorce, marital conflict and offspring wellbeing during early adulthood (1995) Social Forces, 73, pp. 895-915; Kaplan, H.B., Robbins, C., Martin, S.S., Antecedents of psychological distress in young adults: Self rejection, deprivation of social support and life events (1983) J Health Soc Behav, 24, pp. 230-244; Hightower, E., Adolescent interpersonal and familial precursors of positive mental health at midlife (1990) J Youth Adolesc, 19, pp. 257-275; Paterson, G.R., DeBaryshe, B., Ramsey, E., A developmental perspective on antisocial behaviour (1989) Am J Psychol, 44, pp. 329-335; Egeland, B., Mediators of the effects of child maltreatment on developmental adaption in adolescence (1997) Trauma: Perspectives on Theory, Research and Intervention, pp. 403-434. , Cicchetti D, Toth SL, editors, Rochester, New York: University of Rochester Press; Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M.T., Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in a birth cohort of 16-year-old New Zealanders (1995) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34, pp. 1308-1317; Roberts, R.E.L., Bengtson, V.L., Relationship with parents, self esteem and psychological well-being in young adulthood (1993) Soc Psychol Q, 56, pp. 263-315; Rodgers, B., Reported parental behaviour and adult affective symptoms 1: Associations and moderating factors (1996) Psychol Med, 26, pp. 51-61; Stewart-Brown, S., Shaw, R., The roots of social capital: Relationships in the home during childhood and health in later life (2004) Social Capital for Health: Issues of Definition Measurement and Links to Health, pp. 157-185. , Morgan A, Swann C, editors, London: Health Development Agency; Russek, L.G., Schwartz, G.E., Narrative descriptions of parental love and caring predict health status in midlife: A 35-year follow-up of the Harvard Mastery of Stress Study (1996) Altern Ther Health Med, 2, pp. 55-62; Russek, L.G., Schwartz, G.E., Feelings of parental caring predict health status in midlife: A 35-year follow-up of the Harvard Mastery of Stress Study (1997) J Behav Med, 20, pp. 1-13; Russek, L.G., Schwartz, G.E., Perceptions of parental caring predict health status in midlife: A 35-year follow-up of the Harvard Mastery of Stress Study (1997) Psychosom Med, 59, pp. 144-149; Pulkkinen, L., Home atmosphere and adolescent future orientation (1990) Eur J Psychol Educ, 5, pp. 33-43; Pulkkinen, L., Life-Styles in Personality Development (1992) Eur J Personality, 6, pp. 139-155; Thomas, C.B., Precursors of premature disease and death: The predictive potential of habits and family attitudes (1976) Ann Internal Med, 85, pp. 653-658; Thomas, C.B., Duszynski, K.R., Shaffer, J.W., Family attitudes reported in youth as potential predictors of cancer (1979) Psychosom Med, 41, pp. 287-302; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Lundberg, O., Childhood conditions, sense of coherence, social class and adult ill health: Exploring their theoretical and empirical relations (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 821-831; Sweeting, H., West, P., Family life and health in adolescence: A role for culture in the health inequalities debate? (1995) Soc Sci Med, 40, pp. 163-175; Mechanic, D., Hansell, S., Divorce, family conflict, and adolescents' well-being (1989) J Health Soc Behav, 30, pp. 105-116; Johnston, J.R., Gonzalez, R., Campbell, E.G., Ongoing post divorce conflict and child disturbance (1987) J Abnorm Child Psychol, 15, pp. 493-509; Holler, B., Hurrelmann, K., The role of parent and peer contacts for adolescents' state of health (1990) Health Hazards in Adolescence. Prevention and Intervention in Childhood and Adolesence, 8, pp. 409-432. , Hurrelmann K, Loesel F, editors, New York: Walter de Gruyter; Gottman, J.M., Katz, L.F., Hooven, C., Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data (1996) J Family Psychol, 10, pp. 243-268; Feldman, S.S., Fisher, L., Seitel, L., The effect of parents' marital satisfaction on young adult's adaptation: A longitudinal study (1997) J Res Adolesc, 7, pp. 55-80; Wickrama, K.A., Lorenz, F.O., Conger, R.D., Parental support and adolescent physical health status: A latent growth-curve analysis (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 149-163; Higley, J.D., Thompson, W.W., Champoux, M., Paternal and maternal genetic and environmental contributions to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in Rhesus monkeys (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 615-623; Meaney, A.S., Coatsworth, J.D., The development of competence in favourable and unfavourable conditions (1998) Am Psychol, 53, pp. 205-220; Quinton, D., Pickles, A., Maughan, B., Rutter, M., Partners, peers, and pathways: Assortative pairing and continuities in conduct disorder (1993) Dev Psychopathol, 5, pp. 763-783; Berkman, L.F., Syme, S.L., Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 186-204; House, J.S., Robbins, C., Metzner, H.L., The association of social relationships and activities with mortality: Prospective evidence from the Tecumseh Community Health Study (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 16, pp. 123-140; Orth Gomer, K., Rosengren, A., Wilhelmsen, L., Lack of social support and incidence of coronary heart disease in middle-aged Swedish men (1993) Psychosomat Med, 55, pp. 37-43; Medalie, J.H., Goldbourt, U., Angina pectoris among 10,000 men. II. Psychosocial and other risk factors as evidenced by a multivariate analysis of a five year incidence study (1976) Am J Med, 60, pp. 910-921; Bosma, H., Marmot, M.G., Hemingway, H., Nicholson, A.C., Brunner, E., Stansfeld, S.A., Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in Whitehall II (prospective cohort) study (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 558-565; Reynolds, P., Kaplan, G.A., Social connections and risk for cancer: Prospective evidence from the Alameda County study (1990) Behav Med, 16, pp. 101-110; Hemingway, H., Marmot, M., Evidence based cardiology: Psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease. Systematic review of prospective cohort studies (1999) Br Med J, 318, pp. 1460-1467; Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Cohen, R.D., Brand, R.J., Syme, S.L., Puska, P., Social connections and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease: Prospective evidence from eastern Finland (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 370-380; Lloyd, K.R., Jenkins, R., Mann, A., Long term outcome of patients with neurotic illness in general practice (1996) Br Med J, 313, pp. 26-28; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, C., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1973) British Births 1970 Vol 1: The First Week of Life, , London: Heinemann; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, C., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970 Vol 2: The First Week of Life, 2. , London: Heinemann; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Fogelman, K.R., (1983) Growing Up in Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1970) Twenty Something in the 1990s; Getting on, Getting by, Getting Nowhere, , Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing; Parker, G., The Parental Bonding Instrument. A decade of research (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol, 25, pp. 281-282; Lindelow, M., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population: The Psychiatric Symptom Frequency (PSF) Scale (1994) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 51, pp. 549-557; Goldberg, D.P., Hillier, V.F., A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (1979) Psychol Med, 9, pp. 189-272; Giovannoni, J.M., Definitional issues in child maltreatment (1989) Child Maltreatment: Theory and Research on Causes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect, pp. 3-37. , Cicchetti D and Carlson V, editors, New York: Cambridge University Press; Ghate, D., Daniels, A., (1997) Talking about My Generation: A Survey of 8-15 Year Olds Growing Up in the 1990s, , London: NSPCC; Hart, T., Risley, T.R., (1995) Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experiences of Young American Children, , Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes; Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J.G., Salzinger, S., A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: Findings of a 17 year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect (1998) Child Abuse Neglect, 22, pp. 1065-1078; Marshall, J., Watt, P., (1999) Child Behaviour Problems: A Literature Review of the Size and Nature of the Problem and Prevention Interventions in Childhood, , Perth, Western Australia: The Inter agency Committee on Children's Futures; Barlow, J., Stewart Brown, S., Behavior problems and group-based parent education programs (2000) J Dev Behav Pediat, 21, pp. 356-370 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29044433845&doi=10.1093%2feurpub%2fcki049&partnerID=40&md5=7e684dc05cc923c403c112056e0ca1a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth size and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective population based study T2 - Gut J2 - Gut VL - 54 IS - 12 SP - 1728 EP - 1732 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/gut.2004.060475 SN - 00175749 (ISSN) AU - Nilsen, T.I.L. AU - Romundstad, P.R. AU - Troisi, R. AU - Potischman, N. AU - Vatten, L.J. AD - Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway AD - Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AB - Objective: To study whether birth size influences colorectal cancer risk in adulthood. Design: A cohort of Norwegian men and women identified from midwives' birth records with long term cancer follow up through the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Setting: St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Participants: 16 016 women and 19 681 men born between 1920 and 1958 and alive in 1960. Outcome measures: Incidence rate ratios (RRs) for colorectal cancer with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and two sided p values for trend across categories of birth dimensions. Results: Men whose birth length was less than 51 cm had a nearly twofold higher risk of colorectal cancer (RR 1.9 (95% CI 1.0-3.7)) compared with men who were 53 cm or more, after adjustment for birth cohort, maternal age at childbearing, length of gestation, gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia, birth order, maternal height, and indicators of maternal socioeconomic status. The association displayed a linear trend across categories of birth length (ptrend = 0.03). Among men, similar associations were found for birth weight and head circumference, but for women there was no association between any of these birth dimensions and risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusion: The results suggest that among men, but not women, being relatively short at birth is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in adulthood, indicating that intrauterine growth could be important for colorectal carcinogenesis. KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - body size KW - cancer registry KW - cancer risk KW - cohort analysis KW - colorectal cancer KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - head circumference KW - human KW - male KW - maternal age KW - maternal hypertension KW - Norway KW - outcomes research KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal growth KW - priority journal KW - social status KW - university hospital KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Size KW - Cephalometry KW - Colorectal Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Fetal Development KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Norway KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :23 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: GUTTA C2 - 15843419 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Vatten, L.J.; Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway; email: lars.vatten@medisin.ntnu.no N1 - References: Barker, D.J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vagero, D., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; Ahlgren, M., Sorensen, T., Wohlfahrt, J., Birth weight and risk of breast cancer in a cohort of 106,504 women (2003) Int J Cancer, 107, pp. 997-1000; McCormack, V.A., Dos, S.S., De Stavola, B.L., Fetal growth and subsequent risk of breast cancer: Results from long term follow up of Swedish cohort (2003) BMJ, 326, p. 248; Potischman, N., Troisi, R., In-utero and early life exposures in relation to risk of breast cancer (1999) Cancer Causes Control, 10, pp. 561-573; Vatten, L.J., Maehle, B.O., Lund Nilsen, T.I., Birth weight as a predictor of breast cancer: A case-control study in Norway (2002) Br J Cancer, 86, pp. 89-91; Sandhu, M.S., Luben, R., Day, N.E., Self-reported birth weight and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer (2002) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11, pp. 935-938; Barker, D.J., Gluckman, P.D., Godfrey, K.M., Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 938-941; Ekbom, A., Growing evidence that several human cancers may originate in utero (1998) Semin Cancer Biol, 8, pp. 237-244; Eriksson, J., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Fetal and childhood growth and hypertension in adult life (2000) Hypertension, 36, pp. 790-794; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T.J., Childhood growth and coronary heart disease in later life (2002) Ann Med, 34, pp. 157-161; Forsen, T., Eriksson, J., Tuomilehto, J., The fetal and childhood growth of persons who develop type 2 diabetes (2000) Ann Intern Med, 133, pp. 176-182; Hu, F.B., Manson, J.E., Liu, S., Prospective study of adult onset diabetes mellitus (type 2) and risk of colorectal cancer in women (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 542-547; Will, J.C., Galuska, D.A., Vinicor, F., Colorectal cancer: Another complication of diabetes mellitus? (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 816-825; Schoen, R.E., Tangen, C.M., Kuller, L.H., Increased blood glucose and insulin, body size, and incident colorectal cancer (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 1147-1154; Yamada, K., Araki, S., Tamura, M., Relation of serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose to colorectal carcinoma in situ (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 794-798; Kaaks, R., Toniolo, P., Akhmedkhanov, A., Serum C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding proteins, and colorectal cancer risk in women (2000) J Natl Cancer Inst, 92, pp. 1592-1600; Ma, J., Giovannucci, E., Pollak, M., A prospective study of plasma C-peptide and colorectal cancer risk in men (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst, 96, pp. 546-553; Giovannucci, E., Insulin and colon cancer (1995) Cancer Causes Control, 6, pp. 164-179; Keown-Eyssen, G., Epidemiology of colorectal cancer revisited: Are serum triglycerides and/or plasma glucose associated with risk? (1994) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 3, pp. 687-695; Tran, T.T., Medline, A., Bruce, W.R., Insulin promotion of colon tumors in rats (1996) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 5, pp. 1013-1015; Newsome, C.A., Shiell, A.W., Fall, C.H., Is birth weight related to later glucose and insulin metabolism? A systematic review (2003) Diabetes Med, 20, pp. 339-348; Boland, L.L., Mink, P.J., Bushhouse, S.A., Weight and length at birth and risk of early-onset prostate cancer (United States) (2003) Cancer Causes Control, 14, pp. 335-338; Ekbom, A., Hsieh, C.C., Lipworth, L., Perinatal characteristics in relation to incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 337-341; Rasmussen, F., Gunnell, D., Ekbom, A., Birth weight, adult height, and testicular cancer: Cohort study of 337,249 Swedish young men (2003) Cancer Causes Control, 14, pp. 595-598; Richiardi, L., Askling, J., Granath, F., Body size at birth and adulthood and the risk for germ-cell testicular cancer (2003) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 12, pp. 669-673; Corpet, D.E., Jacquinet, C., Peiffer, G., Insulin injections promote the growth of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of rats (1997) Nutr Cancer, 27, pp. 316-320; Koohestani, N., Tran, T.T., Lee, W., Insulin resistance and promotion of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of rats on a high-fat diet (1997) Nutr Cancer, 29, pp. 69-76; Koenuma, M., Yamori, T., Tsuruo, T., Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulate proliferation of metastatic variants of colon carcinoma 26 (1989) Jpn J Cancer Res, 80, pp. 51-58; Watkins, L.F., Lewis, L.R., Levine, A.E., Characterization of the synergistic effect of insulin and transferrin and the regulation of their receptors on a human colon carcinoma cell line (1990) Int J Cancer, 45, pp. 372-375; Sandhu, M.S., Dunger, D.B., Giovannucci, E.L., Insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins, their biologic interactions, and colorectal cancer (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 972-980; Terry, P.D., Miller, A.B., Rohan, T.E., Obesity and colorectal cancer risk in women (2002) Gut, 51, pp. 191-194; Chlebowski, R.T., Wactawski-Wende, J., Ritenbaugh, C., Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women (2004) N Engl J Med, 350, pp. 991-1004; Giovannucci, E., Obesity, gender, and colon cancer (2002) Gut, 51, p. 147 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28144439278&doi=10.1136%2fgut.2004.060475&partnerID=40&md5=7eaef6457611cd7a17155fb0b45471df ER - TY - JOUR TI - The labor market consequences of childhood maladjustment T2 - Social Science Quarterly J2 - Soc. Sci. Q. VL - 86 IS - SPEC. ISS. SP - 1170 EP - 1195 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00341.x SN - 00384941 (ISSN) AU - Fronstin, P. AU - Greenberg, D.H. AU - Robins, P.K. AD - Employee Benefit Research Institute, United States AD - University of Maryland, Baltimore County, United States AD - University of Miami, United States AD - University of Miami, Department of Economics, PO Box 248126, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States AB - This article uses data from the National Child Development Survey on a cohort of individuals born in Great Britain during the first week of March 1958 to investigate whether educational attainment and labor force behavior 33 years later are affected by childhood behavioral problems that are exhibited at both age 7 and age 16. Method. Regression methods are used to test hypotheses concerning these effects. Results. Our results indicate that maladjusted children suffer economically when they reach adulthood. Maladjusted children perform worse on aptitude tests and have lower educational attainment. Maladjusted children also are less likely to be employed at age 33 and to have lower wages when employed. Part of the reduced employment and wages is the result of lower education, but part is also due to other factors. Conclusion. Future research should investigate whether adult labor market outcomes vary with the type of behavioral problems exhibited at younger ages. © 2005 by the Southwestern Social Science Association. N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Robins, P.K.; University of Miami, Department of Economics, PO Box 248126, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States; email: probins@miami.edu N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Booth, A., (1997) A Generation at Risk: Growing Up in An Era of Family Upheaval, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Caspi, A., Elder Jr., G.H., Bem, D.J., Moving against the world: Life-course patterns of explosive children (1987) Developmental Psychology, 23, pp. 308-313; Moving away from the world: Life-course patterns of shy children (1988) Developmental Psychology, 24, pp. 824-831; Caspi, A., Wright, B.R., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 424-451; Lindsay, C.P., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Conley, D., Bennett, N.G., Is biology destiny? birth weight and life chances (2000) American Sociological Review, 65, pp. 458-467; Currie, J., Hyson, R., (1999) Is the Impact of Health Shocks Cushioned by Socioeconomic Status? the Case of Low Birth Weight, 6999. , NBER Working Paper; Davie, R., The problem child (1973) London Educational Review, 2, pp. 38-46; Dohrenwend, B., Levay, I., Shrout, P., Schwartz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B., Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue (1992) Science, 255, pp. 946-952; Farmer, E.M.Z., Externalizing behavior in the life course: The transition from school to work (1993) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1, pp. 179-188; Extremity of externalizing behavior and young adult outcomes (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 617-632; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Ghodsian, M., Fogelman, K., Lambert, L., Tibbenham, A., Changes in behaviour ratings of a national sample of children (1980) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, pp. 247-256; Greene, W.H., (1998) Limdep Version 7.0: User's Manual, , New York: Plainview; Gregg, P., Machin, S., (1997) Child Development and Success or Failure in the Youth Labour Market, , Unpublished manuscript. London; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Dohrenwend, B.P., Link, B.G., Brook, J.S., A longitudinal investigation of social causation and social selection processes involved in the association between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders (1999) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, pp. 490-499; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhac, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshlemar, S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the national comorbidity study (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 8-19; Lee, L.-F., Generalized econometric models with selectivity (1983) Econometrica, 51, pp. 507-512; Loeber, R., The stability of antisocial and delinquent child behavior: A review (1982) Child Development, 53, pp. 1431-1436; Miech, R.A., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Wright, B.R., Silva, P.A., Low socioeconomic status and mental disorders: A longitudinal study of selection and causation during young adulthood (1999) American Journal of Sociology, 104, pp. 1096-1131; Ritsher, J.E.B., Warner, V., Johnson, J.G., Dohrenwend, B.P., Inter-generational longitudinal study of social class and depression: A test of social causation and social selection models (2001) British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, pp. s84-s90; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology, 8, pp. 1-11; The selection of children with psychiatric disorder and appendix 6 (1970) Education, Health, and Behavior, pp. P147-77. , M. Rutter, J. Tizard, and K. Whitmore, eds., London: Longman; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London: Social Science Research Unit, City University; Appendix 1: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: the Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, pp. P184-88. , Elsa Ferri, ed., London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children: Manual to the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides, , London: University of London Press; Yabiku, S.T., Axinn, W.G., Thornton, A., Family Integration and Children's Self-Esteem (1999) American Journal of Sociology, 104, pp. 1494-1524; Zavoina, R., McElvey, W., A statistical model for the analysis of ordinal dependent variables (1975) Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 3, pp. 103-120 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30544450235&doi=10.1111%2fj.0038-4941.2005.00341.x&partnerID=40&md5=af6fe567718a16ada9958fb26150bdbe ER - TY - JOUR TI - How important is your personality? Labor market returns to personality for women in the US and UK T2 - Journal of Economic Psychology J2 - J. Econ. Psychol. VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 827 EP - 841 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.joep.2005.03.001 SN - 01674870 (ISSN) AU - Groves, M.O. AD - Department of Economics, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States AB - Why do apparently similar people have varied success in the labor market? While cognitive performance and educational attainment have been shown to be strong indicators of economic success, there remains a large portion of unexplained variance in earnings after controlling for the standard variables. This paper uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women and women from the National Child Development Study to explore the value of incorporating psychological traits into wage determination models. This research finds that traits such as locus of control, aggression, and withdrawal are all statistically significant factors in the wage determination models of white women. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Labor KW - Personality KW - Wages KW - Women N1 - Cited By :102 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Groves, M.O.; Department of Economics, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States; email: mgroves@towson.edu N1 - References: Andrisanni, P., (1978) Work Attitudes and Labor Market Experience, , NY: Praeger Publishers; Andrisanni, P., Nestel, G., Internal-external control as contributor to and outcome of work experience (1976) Journal of Applied Psychology, 61 (2), pp. 156-165; Ashenfelter, O., Harmon, C., Oosterbeek, H., A Review of Estimates of the Schooling/Earnings Relationship (1999), with Tests for Publication Bias. Princeton University Industrial Relations Section Working Paper 425; Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K., The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis (1991) Personnel Psychology, 44 (1), pp. 1-26; Bowles, S., Gintis, H., Osborne, M., The Determinants of earnings: Skills, preferences, and earnings (2001) Journal of Economic Literature, 39 (4); Card, D., Earnings, schooling, and ability revisited (1995) Research in Labor Economics, 14. , S. Polachek (Ed.) JAI Press Greenwich, CT; Cawley, J., Measuring the effects of cognitive ability (1996), NBER working paper 5645; Dearden, L., Stephen, M., Howard, R., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) Economic Journal, 107, pp. 47-66; Duncan, G., Morgan, J., Sense of efficacy and subsequent change in earnings - A replication (1981) Journal of Human Resources, 16 (4), pp. 649-657; Dunifon, R., Duncan, G.J., Long-run effects of motivation on labor-market success (1998) Social Psychology Quarterly, 61 (1), pp. 33-48; Edwards, R.C., Personal traits and 'success' in schooling and work (1977) Educational and Psychological Measurement, 37 (1), pp. 125-138; Filer, R.K., The influence of affective human capital on the Wage equation (1981) Research in Labor Economics, 4, pp. 367-416; Goldsmith, A., Veum, J., Darity, W., The psychological impact of unemployment and joblessness (1996) Journal of Socio-Economics, 25 (3), pp. 333-358; Goldsmith, A., Veum, J., Darity, W., The impact of psychological and human capital on wages (1997) Economic Inquiry, pp. 815-829. , October; Goldthorpe, J.H., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Gurin, G., Gurin, P., Personal efficacy and the ideology of individual responsibility (1976) Economic Means for Human Needs, Social Indicators of Well-being and Discontent, , Burkhard Strumpel (Ed.), Survey Research Center, University of Michigan; Hogan, R., Hogan, J., Roberts, B., Personality measurement and employment decisions (1995) American Psychologist, 51 (5), pp. 469-477; Jencks, C., (1979) Who Gets Ahead, , NY: Basic Books; Juhn, C., Murphy, K.M., Pierce, B., Wage inequality and the rise in returns to skill (1993) Journal of Political Economy, 101 (3), pp. 410-442; Kane, T., Rouse, C.E., Labor market returns to two- and four-year college (1995) American Economic Review, 85 (3), pp. 600-614; Kerckhoff, A., Campbell, R., Trott, J., Dimensions of Educational and Occupational Attainment in Great Britain (1982) American Sociological Review, 47, pp. 347-364; Miller, K., Kohn, M., Schooler, C., Educational self-direction and the cognitive functioning of students (1985) Social Forces, 63 (4), pp. 923-944; Moss, P., Tilly, C., 'Soft' skills' and race: An investigation of black men's employment problems (1995), Unpublished manuscript; Mulligan, C., (1997) Work Ethic and Family Background, , Employment Policy Institute; Murnane, R.J., Willett, J.B., Jay Braatz, M., Duhaldeborde, Y., Do different dimensions of male high school students' skills predict labor market success a decade later? Evidence from the NLSY (2001) Economics of Education Review, 20, pp. 311-320; Psacharopoulos, G., Family background, education and achievement: A path model of earnings determination in the UK and some alternatives (1977) British Journal of Sociology, 28 (3), pp. 321-335; Rotter, J.B., Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement (1966) Psychological Monographs, 80 (1), pp. 1-28; Schmidt, F., Ones, D., Hunter, J., Personnel selection (1992) Annual Review of Psychology, 43, pp. 627-670; Tett, R.P., Jackson, D.N., Rothstein, M., Personality measures as predictors of job performance: A meta-analytical review (1991) Personnel Psychology, 44, pp. 703-742; Turner, C., Martinez, D., Socioeconomic achievement and the Machiavellian personality (1977) Sociometry, 40 (4), pp. 325-336 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27844484307&doi=10.1016%2fj.joep.2005.03.001&partnerID=40&md5=4ced327361f1ddb90d235c6d792deefd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of life course determinants on work participation among young Norwegian men T2 - Norsk Epidemiologi J2 - Nor. Epidemiol. VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 65 EP - 74 PY - 2005 SN - 08032491 (ISSN) AU - Kristensen, P. AU - Bjerkedal, T. AU - Irgens, L.M. AU - Gravseth, H.M. AU - Brevik, J.I. AD - National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway AD - Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway AD - Division of Military Medical Research and Development, Joint Norwegian Medical Services, Oslo, Norway AD - Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Locus of Registry Based Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway AD - National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway AB - Background: We have earlier found that birthweight below the mean, parental factors, and childhood disease were associated with unemployment at age 29. We reanalysed data because we wanted to examine if the association between birthweight and subsequent unemployment was mediated by intellectual performance at conscript. Methods: Through linkage between several national registers, containing personal information from birth into adult age, we established a longitudinal, population-based cohort. Study participants were all 158 026 male singletons born in Norway in 1967-1971 as registered by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway who were national residents at age 29. Study outcome was unemployment defined as a lack of personal income among persons who were not under education in the calendar year of their 29th birthday. We computed unemployment risk in separate strata, and adjusted risk ratios and population attributable risks as measures of association and impact, respectively. Results: The association between birthweight and unemployment found earlier was mainly mediated through intellectual performance at conscript, in accordance with the study hypothesis. Birthweight, childhood disease and seven parental factors relating to income, disability, and family pattern, were independently associated with subsequent unemployment, each with population attributable risks ranging from 2% to 12%. Intellectual performance in young adult age, educational attainment, and marital status contributed substantially to the unemployment risk. Conclusion: Differentials in work participation among young men emerge in childhood. Circumstances throughout the life course contribute to the unemployment risk. KW - Adult KW - Birthweight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Education KW - Employment KW - Follow-up studies KW - Intellectual Performance KW - Social Environment KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - childhood disease KW - cohort analysis KW - disability KW - education KW - family KW - human KW - income KW - intellect KW - life event KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - marriage KW - Norway KW - outcome assessment KW - register KW - risk assessment KW - unemployment N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kristensen, P.; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway; email: petter.kristensen@stami.no N1 - References: Kristensen, P., Bjerkedal, T., Irgens, L.M., Birthweight and work participation in adulthood (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 849-856; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 342-348; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Sayer, A.A., Fall, C., Growth in utero and cognitive function in adult life: Follow up study of people born between 1920 and 1943 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1393-1397; Toft Sørensen, H., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Mashiach, S., Danon, Y.L., Birth weight and intellectual performance in late adolescence (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 543-546; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Birth characteristics and different dimensions of intellectual performance in young males: A nationwide population-based study (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 1138-1143; Ericson, A., Källén, B., Very low birthweight boys at the age of 19 (1998) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 78, pp. F171-F174; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychol Bull, 130, pp. 989-1013; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-197; Lawlor, D.A., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M., Najman, J.M., Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs: Findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes (2004) J Epidemiol Community Health, 59, pp. 279-282; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; Osler, M., Andersen, A.-M.N., Due, P., Lund, R., Damsgaard, M.T., Holstein, B.E., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; Record, R.G., McKeown, T., Edwards, J.H., The relation of measured intelligence to birth weight and duration of gestation (1969) Ann Hum Genet, 33, pp. 71-79; Weindrich, D., Jennen-Steinmetz, C., Laucht, M., Schmidt, M.H., Late sequelae of low birthweight: Mediators of poor school performance at 11 years (2003) Dev Med Child Neurol, 45, pp. 463-469; Hansen, B.M., Dinesen, J., Hoff, B., Greisen, G., Intelligence in preterm children at four years of age as a predictor of school function: A longitudinal controlled study (2002) Dev Med Child Neurol, 44, pp. 517-521; Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Butterworth, S., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 408-413; Irgens, L.M., Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 79, pp. 435-439. , The Medical Birth Registry of Norway; (1997) Births in Norway Through 30 Years, , Bergen: Medical Birth Registry of Norway; Sundet, J.M., Barlaug, D.G., Torjussen, T.M., The end of the Flynn effect? A study of secular trends in the mean intelligence test scores of Norwegian conscripts during half a century (2004) Intelligence, 32, pp. 349-362; (2003) Norwegian Standard Classification of Education. Revised 2000, , Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistics Norway; Greenland, S., Model-based estimation of relative risks and other epidemiologic measures in studies of common outcomes and in case-control studies (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 160, pp. 301-305; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; Victora, C.G., Huttly, S.R., Fuchs, S.C., Olinto, M.T.A., The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: A hierarchical approach (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 224-227; Lamont, D., Parker, L., White, M., Unwin, N., Bennett, S.M.A., Cohen, M., Richardson, D., Craft, A.W., Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: Lifecourse study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 273-278; Weitkunat, R., Wildner, M., Exploratory causal modeling in epidemiology: Are all factors created equal? (2002) J Clin Epidemiol, 55, pp. 436-444; Greenland, S., Pearl, J., Robins, J.M., Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 37-48; Greenland, S., Application of stratified analysis methods (1997) Modern Epidemiology. 2nd Edition, pp. 281-300. , Rothman KJ, Greenland S, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., Confidence interval estimation of interaction (1992) Epidemiology, 3, pp. 452-456; Kristensen, P., Bjerkedal, T., Brevik, J.I., Long term effects of parental disability: A register based life course follow-up of Norwegians born in 1967-1976 (2004) Nor J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 97-105 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32244441891&partnerID=40&md5=c06f58fdc3fb66ac3233f2a7196ed6c8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influences of perinatal conditions on adult body size and intellectual performance: A register-based cohort study T2 - Norsk Epidemiologi J2 - Nor. Epidemiol. VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 29 EP - 40 PY - 2005 SN - 08032491 (ISSN) AU - Eide, M.G. AD - Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body size KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - environmental factor KW - gestational age KW - health status KW - human KW - infant KW - intellect KW - intelligence quotient KW - male KW - perinatal period KW - register N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Eide, M.G.; Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of BergenNorway; email: martha.eide@mfr.uib.no N1 - References: Barker, D.J., (1994) Mothers, Babies, and Disease in Later Life, , London: BMJ Publishing Group; Barker, D.J., The developmental origins of adult disease (2004) J Am Coll Nutr, 23, pp. 588S-95S; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (2004) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, 2nd Edn., , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Eide, M.G., Øyen, N., Skjærven, R., Nilsen, S.T., Bjerkedal, T., Tell, G.S., Size at birth and gestational age as predictors of adult height and weight (2005) Epidemiology, 16, pp. 175-181; Eide, M.G., Øyen, N., Skjærven, R., Irgens, L.M., Bjerkedal, T., Nilsen, S.T., Breech delivery and intelligence: A population-based study of 8,738 breech infants (2005) Obstet Gynecol, 105, pp. 4-11; Bjerkedal, T., Beckstrøm, J.R., Brevik, J.I., Skåden, K., Height, weight and body mass index measured among men born 1967-80 (2001) Tidsskr Nor Lœgeforen, 121, pp. 674-677; Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7, pp. 307-322; Hirschhorn, J.N., Lindgren, C.M., Daly, M.J., Kirby, A., Schaffner, S.F., Burtt, N.P., Genomewide linkage analysis of stature in multiple populations reveals several regions with evidence of linkage to adult height (2001) Am J Hum Genet, 69, pp. 106-116; Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality. The Norwegian experience (1984) Acta Med Scand Suppl, 679, pp. 1-56; Engeland, A., Bjørge, T., Selmer, R.M., Tverdal, A., Height and body mass index in relation to total mortality (2003) Epidemiology, 14, pp. 293-299; Karlberg, J., Luo, Z.C., Foetal size to final height (2000) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 632-636; Leon, D.A., Smith, G.D., Shipley, M., Strachan, D., Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage? (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 5-9; Peck, A.M., Vagerø, D.H., Adult body height, self perceived health and mortality in the Swedish population (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 380-384; Bjørge, T., Tretli, S., Engeland, A., Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 160, pp. 1168-1176; Bielicki, T., Charzewski, J., Body height and upward social mobility (1983) Ann Hum Biol, 10, pp. 403-408; Calle, E.E., Thun, M.J., Petrelli, J.M., Rodriguez, C., Heath Jr., C.W., Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults (1999) N Engl J Med, 341, pp. 1097-1105; Calle, E.E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K., Thun, M.J., Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults (2003) N Engl J Med, 348, pp. 1625-1638; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Willett, W.C., Dietz, W.H., Colditz, G.A., Guidelines for healthy weight (1999) N Engl J Med, 341, pp. 427-434; Jung, R.T., Obesity as a disease (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 307-321; (2002) Weight Control and Physical Activity, , Lyon: IARC Press, International Agency for Research on Cancer; Gottfredson, L., Maintream science on intellignece: An editorial with 52 signatories, history, and bibliography (1997) Intelligence, 24, pp. 13-23; Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76 (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 819; Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Butterworth, S., Wadsworth, M.E., Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 408-413; Osler, M., Andersen, A.M., Due, P., Lund, R., Damsgaard, M.T., Holstein, B.E., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; Batty, G.D., Deary, I.J., Early life intelligence and adult health (2004) BMJ, 329, pp. 585-586; Gunnell, D., Magnusson, P.K., Rasmussen, F., Low intelligence test scores in 18 year old men and risk of suicide: Cohort study (2005) BMJ, 330, p. 167; Deary, I.J., Whiteman, M.C., Starr, J.M., Whalley, L.J., Fox, H.C., The impact of childhood intelligence on later life: Following up the Scottish mental surveys of 1932 and 1947 (2004) J Pers Soc Psychol, 86, pp. 130-147; Gottfredson, L.S., Intelligence: Is it the epidemiologists' elusive "fundamental cause" of social class inequalities in health? (2004) J Pers Soc Psychol, 86, pp. 174-199; Singh-Manoux, A., Ferrie, J.E., Lynch, J.W., Marmot, M., The role of cognitive ability (intelligence) in explaining the association between socioeconomic position and health: Evidence from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study (2005) Am J Epidemiol, 161, pp. 831-839; Forsdahl, A., Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br J Prev Soc Med, 31, pp. 91-95; Barker, D.J., Fetal origins of coronary heart disease (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 171-174; Lucas, A., Programming by early nutrition in man (1991) Ciba Found Symp, 156, pp. 38-50; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; Singhal, A., Lucas, A., Early origins of cardiovascular disease: Is there a unifying hypothesis? (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 1642-1645; Leon, D.A., Fetal growth and adult disease (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. S72-S78; Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiol Rev, 18, pp. 158-174; Huxley, R., Neil, A., Collins, R., Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis: Is there really an inverse association between birthweight and subsequent blood pressure? (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 659-665; Gillman, M.W., Rich-Edwards, J.W., The fetal origin of adult disease: From sceptic to convert (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, pp. 192-193; Gillman, M.W., Epidemiological challenges in studying the fetal origins of adult chronic disease (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 294-299; Egeland, G.M., Skjærven, R., Irgens, L.M., Birth characteristics of women who develop gestational diabetes: Population based study (2000) BMJ, 321, pp. 546-547; Rich-Edwards, J.W., Kleinman, K., Michels, K.B., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Rexrode, K.M., Hibert, E.N., Willett, W.C., Longitudinal study of birth weight and adult body mass index in predicting risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women (2005) BMJ, 330, p. 1115; Godfrey, K.M., Barker, D.J., Fetal nutrition and adult disease (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 71, pp. 1344S-1352S; Trichopoulos, D., Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 939-940; Møller, H., Skakkebæk, N.E., Testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in relation to prenatal factors: Case-control studies in Denmark (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp. 904-912; Ekbom, A., Wuu, J., Adami, H.O., Lu, C.M., Lagiou, P., Trichopoulos, D., Hsieh, C., Duration of gestation and prostate cancer risk in offspring (2000) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 9, pp. 221-223; Weir, H.K., Marrett, L.D., Kreiger, N., Darlington, G.A., Sugar, L., Pre-natal and peri-natal exposures and risk of testicular germ-cell cancer (2000) Int J Cancer, 87, pp. 438-443; Pietilainen, K.H., Kaprio, J., Rasanen, M., Winter, T., Rissanen, A., Rose, R.J., Tracking of body size from birth to late adolescence: Contributions of birth length, birth weight, duration of gestation, parents' body size, and twinship (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 154, pp. 21-29; Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M., Fischer, P., Sørensen, T.I., Relation between weight and length at birth and body mass index in young adulthood: Cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, p. 1137; Karlberg, J., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Growth in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants: From birth to final height (1995) Pediatr Res, 38, pp. 733-739; Tuvemo, T., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Prediction of male adult stature using anthropometrie data at birth: A nationwide population-based study (1999) Pediatr Res, 46, pp. 491-495; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Prediction of adult height and risk of overweight in females born small-for-gestational-age (2003) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 17, pp. 156-163; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., The relation of weight, length and ponderal index at birth to body mass index and overweight among 18-year-old males in Sweden (1998) Eur J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 373-380; Martorell, R., Stein, A.D., Schroeder, D.G., Early nutrition and later adiposity (2001) J Nutr, 131, pp. 874S-880S; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Chaturvedi, N., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight, childhood growth and abdominal obesity in adult life (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 40-47; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Kvaavik, E., Tell, G.S., Klepp, K.I., Predictors and tracking of body mass index from adolescence into adulthood: Follow-up of 18 to 20 years in the Oslo Youth Study (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157, pp. 1212-1218; Morgane, P.J., Austin-LaFrance, R., Bronzino, J., Tonkiss, J., Diaz-Cintra, S., Cintra, L., Kemper, T., Galler, J.R., Prenatal malnutrition and development of the brain (1993) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 17, pp. 91-128; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Intellectual and psychological performance in males born small for gestational age with and without catch-up growth (2001) Pediatr Res, 50, pp. 91-96; Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-196; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Intellectual and psychological performance in males born small for gestational age (2003) Horm Res, 59 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 139-141; Hack, M., Flannery, D.J., Schluchter, M., Cartar, L., Borawski, E., Klein, N., Outcomes in young adulthood for very-low-birth-weight infants (2002) N Engl J Med, 346, pp. 149-157; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, p. 305; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychol Bull, 130, pp. 989-1013; Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Sayer, A.A., Fall, C., Growth in utero and cognitive function in adult life: Follow up study of people born between 1920 and 1943 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1393-1396; Pearce, M.S., Deary, I.J., Young, A.H., Parker, L., Growth in early life and childhood IQ at age 11 years: The Newcastle Thousand Families Study (2005) Int J Epidemiol, 34, pp. 673-677; Barker, D.J., Godfrey, K.M., Osmond, C., Bull, A., The relation of fetal length, ponderal index and head circumference to blood pressure and the risk of hypertension in adult life (1992) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 6, pp. 35-44; Forsen, T., Eriksson, J., Tuomilehto, J., Reunanen, A., Osmond, C., Barker, D., The fetal and childhood growth of persons who develop type 2 diabetes (2000) Ann Intern Med, 133, pp. 176-182; Nilsen, T.I., Romundstad, P.R., Troisi, R., Potischman, N., Vatten, L.J., Birth size and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective population-based study (2005) Gut, 54, pp. 1728-1732; Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M., Steffensen, F.H., Fischer, P., Sørensen, T.I., Birth weight and length as predictors for adult height (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 726-729; Leger, J., Limoni, C., Collin, D., Czernichow, P., Prediction factors in the determination of final height in subjects born small for gestational age (1998) Pediatr Res, 43, pp. 808-812; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Birth characteristics and different dimensions of intellectual performance in young males: A nationwide population-based study (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 1138-1143; Markestad, T., Kaaresen, P.I., Ronnestad, A., Reigstad, H., Lossius, K., Medbo, S., Early death, morbidity, and need of treatment among extremely premature infants (2005) Pediatrics, 115, pp. 1289-1298; Michels, K.B., Trichopoulos, D., Robins, J.M., Rosner, B.A., Manson, J.E., Hunter, D.J., Birthweight as a risk factor for breast cancer (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1542-1546; Barker, D.J., Edwards, J.H., Obstetric complications and school performance (1967) BMJ, 3, pp. 695-699; Gilbert, W.M., Hicks, S.M., Boe, N.M., Danielsen, B., Vaginal versus cesarean delivery for breech presentation in California: A population-based study (2003) Obstet Gynecol, 102, pp. 911-917; Hofmeyr, G.J., Hannah, M.E., Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery (2003) The Cochrane Library, (3). , Oxford: Update Software; Hannah, M.E., Hannah, W.J., Hewson, S.A., Hodnett, E.D., Saigal, S., Willan, A.R., Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: A randomised multicentre trial (2000) Lancet, 356, pp. 1375-1383. , Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group; Danielian, P.J., Wang, J., Hall, M.H., Long-term outcome by method of delivery of fetuses in breech presentation at term: Population based follow up (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1451-1453; Pradhan, P., Mohajer, M., Deshpande, S., Outcome of term breech births: 10-year experience at a district general hospital (2005) BJOG, 112, pp. 218-222; Nilsen, S.T., Bergsjø, P., Males born in breech presentation 18 years after birth (1985) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 64, pp. 323-325; McBride, W.G., Black, B.P., Brown, C.J., Dolby, R.M., Murray, A.D., Thomas, D.B., Method of delivery and developmental outcome at five years of age (1979) Med J Aust, 1, pp. 301-304; Sørensen, H.T., Steffensen, F.H., Olsen, J., Sabroe, S., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Rothman, K.J., Long-term follow-up of cognitive outcome after breech presentation at birth (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 554-556; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Luo, Y., Waite, L.J., The impact of childhood and adult SES on physical, mental, and cognitive well-being in later life (2005) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 60, pp. S93-S101; Smith, G.D., Hart, C., Blane, D., Hole, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1631-1635; Kramer, M.S., Goulet, L., Lydon, J., Seguin, L., McNamara, H., Dassa, C., Socio-economic disparities in preterm birth: Causal pathways and mechanisms (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 104-123; Kramer, M.S., Seguin, L., Lydon, J., Goulet, L., Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: Why do the poor fare so poorly? (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, pp. 194-210; Nilsen, S.T., (1985) Males with Perinatal Risk Factors Examined at 18 Years of Age, , (dissertation). Bergen: University of Bergen; Irgens, L.M., The Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 79, pp. 435-439; Ros, H.S., Lichtenstein, P., Ekbom, A., Cnattingius, S., Tall or short? Twenty years after preeclampsia exposure in utero: Comparisons of final height, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and age at menarche among women, exposed and unexposed to preeclampsia during fetal life (2001) Pediatr Res, 49, pp. 763-769; Paz, I., Seidman, D.S., Danon, Y.L., Laor, A., Stevenson, D.K., Gale, R., Are children born small for gestational age at increased risk of short stature? (1993) Am J Dis Child, 147, pp. 337-339; Ulander, V.M., Gissler, M., Nuutila, M., Ylikorkala, O., Are health expectations of term breech infants unrealistically high? (2004) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 83, pp. 180-186; Munstedt, K., Von Georgi, R., Reucher, S., Zygmunt, M., Lang, U., Term breech and long-term morbidity - Cesarean section versus vaginal breech delivery (2001) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 96, pp. 163-167; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Mashiach, S., Danon, Y.L., Long-term effects of vacuum and forceps deliveries (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1583-1585; Roemer, F.J., Rowland, D.Y., Long-term developmental outcomes of method of delivery (1994) Early Hum Dev, 39, pp. 1-14; Nilsen, S.T., Boys born by forceps and vacuum extraction examined at 18 years of age (1984) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 63, pp. 549-554; Wesley, B.D., Van Den Berg, B.J., Reece, E.A., The effect of forceps delivery on cognitive development (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 169, pp. 1091-1095; Wilcox, A., Russell, I., Why small black infants have a lower mortality rate than small white infants: The case for population-specific standards for birth weight (1990) J Pediatr, 116, pp. 7-10; Wilcox, A.J., On the importance - and the unimportance - of birthweight (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 1233-1241; Bakketeig, L.S., Cnattingius, S., Knudsen, L.B., Socioeconomic differences in fetal and infant mortality in Scandinavia (1993) J Public Health Policy, 14, pp. 82-90; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Crialesi, R., Grotvedt, L., Helmert, U., Differences in self reported morbidity by educational level: A comparison of 11 western European countries (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 219-227; Winkleby, M.A., Jatulis, D.E., Frank, E., Fortmann, S.P., Socioeconomic status and health: How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 816-820; Emanuel, I., Kimpo, C., Moceri, V., The association of grandmaternal and maternal factors with maternal adult stature (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 1243-1248; Eriksson, J.G., The fetal origins hypothesis - 10 Years on (2005) BMJ, 330, pp. 1096-1097 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32244433156&partnerID=40&md5=78ee2e4a3f5af977db0ef78bbeddd252 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early education and children's outcomes: How long do the impacts last? T2 - Fiscal Studies J2 - Fisc. Stud. VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 513 EP - 548 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1475-5890.2005.00022.x SN - 01435671 (ISSN) AU - Goodman, A. AU - Sianesi, B. AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, United Kingdom AB - We evaluate the effects of undergoing any early education (before the compulsory starting age of 5) and of pre-school on a cohort of British children born in 1958. In contrast to most available studies, we are able to assess whether any effects on cognition and socialisation are long-lasting, as well as to estimate their net impact on subsequent educational attainment and labour market performance. Controlling for a particularly rich set of child, parental, family and neighbourhood characteristics, we find some positive and long-lasting effects from early education. Specifically, pre-compulsory education (pre-school or school entry prior to age 5) was found to yield large improvements in cognitive tests at age 7, which, though diminished in size, remained significant throughout the schooling years, up to age 16. By contrast, attendance of pre-school (nursery or playgroup) was found to yield a positive but short-lived impact on test scores. The effects on socialisation appear to be more mixed: we found some positive, though short-lasting, effects of pre-compulsory education on teachers reports of social adjustment (only at age 7); on the other hand, we found some adverse behavioural effects according to parental reports at age 7 which persisted up to age 11. In adulthood, pre-compulsory education was found to increase the probabilities of obtaining qualifications and of being employed at age 33. For both pre-compulsory education and pre-school per se, we found evidence of a marginally significant 3-4 per cent wage gain at age 33. © Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2005. N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Goodman, A.; Institute for Fiscal StudiesUnited Kingdom; email: a.goodman@ifs.org.uk N1 - References: Barnett, W.S., Long-term effects of early childhood programs on cognitive and school outcomes (1995) The Future of Children, 5 (3), pp. 25-50; Blackstone, T., (1971) A Fair Start: The Provision of Pre-school Education, , London School of Economics Studies on Education, London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Sianesi, B., Evaluating the effect of education on earnings: Models, methods and results from the National Child Development Survey (2005) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 168, pp. 473-512; Cleveland, G., Krashinsky, M., (1998) The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care - The Economic Rationale for Public Investment in Young Children: A Policy Study, , Toronto: Childcare Resource and Research Unit, Department of Economics, University of Toronto; Currie, J., Early childhood education programs (2001) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, pp. 213-238; (1999) EPPE - The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education Project, , http://k1.ioe.ac.uk/schools/ecpe/eppe/, London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London; Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-97; Robertson, D., Symons, J., Pre-school education and attainment in the NCDS and BCS (1998) Human Resources Programme Paper No. 382, 382. , Centre for Economic Performance; Karoly, L.A., Greenwood, P.W., Everingham, S.S., Hoube, J., Kilburn, M.R., Rydell, C.P., Sanders, M., Chiesa, J., (1998) Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Dont Know about the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions, , Santa Monica, CA: RAND; Krueger, A.B., Experimental estimates of education production functions (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, pp. 497-532; Magnuson, K.A., Ruhm, C.J., Waldfogel, J., Does prekindergarten improve school preparation and performance? (2004) Working Paper No. 10452, , National Bureau of Economic Research; (1993) Study of Early Child Care (SECC), , http://www.nichd.nih.gov/od/secc/pubs.htm, Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Osborn, A.F., Milbank, J.E., (1987) The Effects of Early Education: A Report from the Child Health and Education Study, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Sammons, P., Sylva, K., Melhuish, E.C., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B., Elliot, K., Marsh, A., (2004) The Continuing Effects of Pre-School Education at Age 7 Years, , Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project, Technical Paper no. 11, London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London; Todd, P.E., Wolpin, K.I., On the specification and estimation of the production function for cognitive achievement (2003) Economic Journal, 113, pp. F3-33; Waldfogel, J., Early childhood interventions and outcomes (1999) CASEpaper No. 21, 21. , London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28844448705&doi=10.1111%2fj.1475-5890.2005.00022.x&partnerID=40&md5=a6849cb4711c1379b6604d6854773c44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Associations between physical activity and fat mass in adolescents: The Stockholm Weight Development Study T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 81 IS - 2 SP - 355 EP - 360 PY - 2005 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Ekelund, U. AU - Neovius, M. AU - Linné, Y. AU - Brage, S. AU - Wareham, N.J. AU - Rössner, S. AD - MRC Epidemiology Unit, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, CB1 9NL Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - Background: Obesity is multifactorial. However, the accumulation of fat mass (FM) is proposed to be due to a positive energy balance, which may be caused by reduced physical activity (PA). Objective: The objectives of the study were to describe the independent associations between PA and FM in adolescents and to describe the intergenerational association of FM between mothers and their offspring. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 445 (190 M, 255 F) 17-y-old adolescents and their mothers. PA was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire and validated by comparison with accelerometric data in a subsample of the cohort. Body composition was measured by using air-displacement plethysmography. Results: Males were significantly more active than were females (P < 0.01). PA was significantly and inversely associated with FM (β = -3.63, P = 0.005) and percentage FM (β = -3.117, P = 0.017) in males but not in females (β = -0.576, P = 0.54; β = -0.532, P = 0.59, respectively) after adjustment for birth weight and maternal FM and education level. However, FM and percentage FM in females were significantly associated with maternal FM (β = 0.159, P < 0.0001; β = 0.145, P = 0.002, respectively) and education level (β = -1.048, P < 0.005; β = -1.085, P = 0.006, respectively). No such associations were observed in males. Conclusions: PA was independently associated with FM in males but not in females. The data also showed an intergenerational association of FM between mothers and their daughters but not between mothers and their sons. © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition. KW - Adolescents KW - Fat mass KW - Intergenerational association KW - Obesity KW - Physical activity KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body composition KW - body fat KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - plethysmography KW - predictor variable KW - questionnaire KW - socioeconomics KW - weight gain KW - adipose tissue KW - anthropometry KW - body composition KW - body plethysmography KW - cohort analysis KW - cross-sectional study KW - energy metabolism KW - exercise KW - genetics KW - longitudinal study KW - metabolism KW - methodology KW - middle aged KW - mother KW - obesity KW - physiology KW - self disclosure KW - sex difference KW - Sweden KW - Adipose Tissue KW - Adolescent KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Composition KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mothers KW - Obesity KW - Plethysmography, Whole Body KW - Questionnaires KW - Self Disclosure KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :51 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 15699221 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ekelund, U.; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, CB1 9NL Cambridge, United Kingdom; email: ue202@medschl.cam.ac.uk N1 - References: Lobstein, T.J., James, W.P., Cole, T.J., Increasing levels of excess weight among children in England (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1136-1138; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R.A., Williamson, D.F., Berenson, G.S., Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 420-426; Moreno, L.A., Sarria, A., Fleta, J., Rodriguez, G., Bueno, M., Trends in body mass index and overweight prevalence among children and adolescents in the region of Aragon (Spain) from 1985 to 1995 (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 925-931; Booth, M.L., Chey, T., Wake, M., Change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Australians, 1969-1997 (2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 77, pp. 29-36; Barsh, G.S., Farooqi, S., O'Rahilly, S., Genetics of body weight regulation (2000) Nature, 404, pp. 644-651; (1998) Obesity-preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, , Geneva: World Health Organization; Hill, J.O., Peters, J.C., Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1371-1374; Koplan, J.P., Dietz, W.H., Caloric imbalance and public health policy (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1579-1581; Tremblay, M.S., Williams, J.M., Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1100-1105; Berkey, C.S., Rockett, H.R., Gillman, M.W., Colditz, G.A., One-year changes in activity and in inactivity among 10- To 15-year-old boys and girls: Relationship to change in body mass index (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 836-843; Deforche, B., Lefevre, J., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Hills, A.P., Duquel, W., Bouckaert, J., Physical fitness and physical activity in obese and nonobese Flemish youth (2003) Obes Res, 11, pp. 434-441; Ekelund, U., Aman, J., Yngve, A., Renman, C., Westerterp, K., Sjöström, M., Physical activity but not energy expenditure is reduced in obese adolescents: A case-control study (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 935-941; Salbe, A.D., Weyer, C., Harper, I., Lindsay, R.S., Ravussin, E., Tataranni, P.A., Assessing risk factors for obesity between childhood and adolescence: II. Energy metabolism and physical activity (2002) Pediatrics, 110, pp. 307-314; Ekelund, U., Poortvliet, E., Nilsson, A., Yngve, A., Holmberg, A., Sjöström, M., Physical activity in relation to aerobic fitness and body fat in 14- to 15-year-old boys and girls (2001) Eur J Appl Physiol, 85, pp. 195-201; Sallis, J.F., Saelens, B.E., Assessment of physical activity by self-report: Status, limitations, and future directions (2000) Res Q Exerc Sport, 71, pp. S1-S14; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Trudeau, F., Shephard, R.J., Bouchard, S., Laurencelle, L., BMI in the Trois-Rivieres study: Child-adult and child-parent relationships (2003) Am J Human Biol, 15, pp. 187-191; Katzmarzyk, P.T., Malina, R.M., Perusse, L., Familial resemblance in fatness and fat distribution (2000) Am J Human Biol, 12, pp. 395-404; Magarey, A.M., Daniels, L.A., Boulton, T.J., Cockington, R.A., Predicting obesity in early adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 505-513; Wells, J.C., Fuller, N.J., Precision of measurement and body size in whole-body air-displacement plethysmography (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 1161-1167; Lockner, D.W., Heyward, V.H., Baumgartner, R.N., Jenkins, K.A., Comparison of air-displacement plethysmography, hydrodensitometry, and dual X-ray absorptiometry for assessing body composition of children 10 to 18 years of age (2000) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 904, pp. 72-78; McCrory, M.A., Gomez, T.D., Bernauer, E.M., Mole, P.A., Evaluation of a new air displacement plethysmograph for measuring human body composition (1995) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 27, pp. 1686-1691; Fields, D.A., Goran, M.I., McCrory, M.A., Body-composition assessment via air-displacement plethysmography in adults and children: A review (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 75, pp. 453-467; Öhlin, A., Rössner, S., Maternal body weight development after pregnancy (1990) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 14, pp. 159-173; Linné, Y., Barkeling, B., Rössner, S., Long-term weight development after pregnancy (2002) Obes Rev, 3, pp. 75-83; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1-6; Siri, W.E., Body composition from fluid spaces and density: Analysis of methods (1961) Nutrition, 9, pp. 480-491; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, , Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell; Ainsworth, B.E., Haskell, W.L., Leon, A.S., Compendium of physical activities: Classification of energy costs of human physical activities (1993) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 25, pp. 71-80; Ainsworth, B.E., Haskell, W.L., Whitt, M.C., Compendium of physical activities: An update of activity codes and MET intensities (2000) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, pp. S498-S504; Rush, E.C., Plank, L.D., Davies, P.S., Watson, P., Wall, C.R., Body composition and physical activity in New Zealand Maori, Pacific and European children aged 5-14 years (2003) Br J Nutr, 90, pp. 1133-1139; Westerterp, K.R., Goran, M.I., Relationship between physical activity related energy expenditure and body composition: A gender difference (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 184-188; Paul, D.R., Novotny, J.A., Rumpler, W.V., Effects of the interaction of sex and food intake on the relation between energy expenditure and body composition (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 79, pp. 385-389; Ball, E.J., O'Conner, J., Abbott, R., Total energy expenditure, body fatness, and physical activity in children aged 6-9 y (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 524-528; Ekelund, U., Sardhina, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Associations between objectively assessed physical activity and indicators of body fatness in 9-to 10-y-old European children: A population-based study from 4 distinct regions in Europe (The European Youth Heart Study) (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 80, pp. 584-590; Prentice, A.M., Jebb, S.A., Fast foods, energy density and obesity: A possible mechanistic link (2003) Obes Rev, 4, pp. 187-194; Ludwig, D.S., Peterson, K.E., Gortmaker, S.L., Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: A prospective, observational analysis (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 505-508; Mrdjenovic, G., Levitsky, D.A., Nutritional and energetic consequences of sweetened drink consumption in 6- to 13-year-old children (2003) J Pediatr, 142, pp. 604-610; Tataranni, P.A., Harper, I.T., Snitker, S., Body weight gain in free-living Pima Indians: Effect of energy intake vs expenditure (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1578-1583; Klein-Platat, C., Wagner, A., Haan, M.C., Arveiler, D., Schlienger, J.L., Simon, C., Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of overweight in young French adolescents (2003) Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 19, pp. 153-158; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., Hansen, H.O., Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995 (1999) Acta Paediatr, 88, pp. 431-437; Sundqvist, K., Qvist, J., Johansson, S.-E., Sundqvist, J., Increasing trends in obesity in Sweden between 1996/97 and 2000/01 (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, pp. 254-261; He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Population-based body mass index reference values from Göteborg, Sweden: Birth to 18 years of age (2000) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 582-592 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14544272448&partnerID=40&md5=a97346ba54c66024e483df49e1a9178a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age at menarche and adult BMI in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Cohort Study T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 82 IS - 4 SP - 733 EP - 739 PY - 2005 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Pierce, M.B. AU - Leon, D.A. AD - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom AD - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1 7HT, United Kingdom AB - Background: Few studies have examined whether the inverse association of age at menarche with adult body mass index (BMI) is due to the tendency of BMI to track between childhood and adult life, with childhood BMI playing a causal role in determining age at menarche. Objective: The objective was to investigate whether the association of younger age at menarche with a high BMI and increased likelihood of obesity in middle age is due to confounding with early childhood BMI. Design: In a historical cohort of 3743 Scottish females born between 1950 and 1955, height and weight were measured in early childhood, and age at menarche and height and weight in middle age were obtained by questionnaire. Results: The age-adjusted change in mean adult BMI per additional year of age at menarche was -0.64 (95% CI: -0.78, -0.50). Adjustment for childhood BMI measured between 4 and 6 y reduced this value to -0.57 (-0.71, -0.43). Adjustment for childhood and adult social class, parity, smoking, and alcohol intake had little effect. The odds ratio for being obese compared with not being obese in adulthood was 0.82 (0.76, 0.86) per 1-y increase in age at menarche and was unchanged by adjustment for childhood BMI and other covariates. Conclusions: The inverse association of age at menarche with BMI and obesity in middle age is not explained by confounding by early childhood BMI. Instead, age at menarche may simply be a proxy marker for the pace of sexual maturation, which itself leads to differences in adiposity (and BMI) in the peripubertal period that track into adult life. © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition. KW - Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Study KW - Body mass index KW - Epidemiology KW - Growth KW - Life course analysis KW - Menarche KW - Sexual maturation KW - adult KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - body growth KW - body mass KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - menarche KW - obesity KW - parity KW - questionnaire KW - smoking KW - social class KW - adolescent KW - age KW - biological model KW - body constitution KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child KW - epidemiology KW - menarche KW - middle aged KW - obesity KW - physiology KW - preschool child KW - prevalence KW - risk KW - sexual maturation KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical model KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Menarche KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Biological KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires KW - Scotland KW - Sexual Maturation KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :93 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 16210700 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leon, D.A.; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1 7HT, United Kingdom; email: david.leon@lshtm.ac.uk N1 - References: James, W.P.T., The epidemiology of obesity (1996) The Origins and Consequences of Obesity, pp. 1-16. , Chadwick DJ, Cardrew G, eds. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley; Rissanen, A.M., The economic and psychosocial consequences of obesity (1996) Ciba Found Symp, 201, pp. 194-201; Charlton, J., Murphy, M., (1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994, 1. , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office. (Decennial supplement no 12); Parsons, T., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (SUPPL.), pp. S1-S107; Miller, F.J., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle upon Tyne children (1972) Br J Prev Soc Med, 26, pp. 224-230; Sherman, B., Wallace, R., Bean, J., Relationship of body weight to menarchal age and menopausal age: Implications for breast cancer risk (1981) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 52, pp. 48-493; Garn, S.M., Lavelle, M., Rosenberg, K.R., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 43, pp. 879-883; Burke, G.L., Savage, P.J., Manolino, T.A., Correlates of obesity in young black and white women: The CARDIA study (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 1621-1625; St. George, I.M., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Body size and menarche: The Dunedin Study (1994) J Adolesc Health, 15, pp. 573-576; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, H.C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Biro, F.M., McMahon, R.P., Striegel-Moore, Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescent: The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (2001) J Pediatr, 138, pp. 636-643; Okasha, M., McCarron, P., McEwan, J., Age at menarche: Secular trends and association with adult anthropometric measures (2001) Ann Hum Biol, 28, pp. 68-78; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Jarvelin, M.R., Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 287-294; Wellens, R., Malina, R.M., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S., Siervogel, R.M., Body size and fatness in young adults in relation to age at menarche (1992) Am J Hum Biol, 4, pp. 783-787; Tanner, J.M., Trends towards earlier menarche in London, Oslo, Copenhagen, the Netherlands and Hungary (1973) Nature, 243, pp. 95-96; Whincup, P.H., Gilg, J.A., Odaki, K., Taylor, S.J., Cook, D.G., Age at menarche in contemporary British teenagers (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 1095-1096; Parent, A.S., Teilmann, G., Juul, A., Skakkebaek, N.E., Toppari, J., Bourguignon, J.P., The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: Variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration (2003) Endocr Rev, 24, pp. 668-693; Andersen, S.E., Dallal, G.E., Must, A., Relative weight and race influences average age at menarche: Results from two internationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 844-850; Chumlea, W.C., Shubert, C.M., Roche, A.F., Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 110-113; Styne, D.M., Puberty, obesity and ethnicity (2004) Trends Endocrinol Metab, 15, pp. 472-478; Freedman, D.S., Kettel Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., The relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2001) Pediatrics, 110, pp. E43; Power, C., Parsons, T., Overweight and obesity from a life-course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 304-328. , Kuh D, Hardy R, eds. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; Freeman, J.V., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Weight for height indices and of adiposity: Relationships with height in childhood and adult life (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 970-976; Braddon, F.E., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J, 293, pp. 299-303; Flegal, K.M., Triano, R.P., Pamuk, E.R., The influence of smoking cessation on the prevalence of overweight in the United States (1995) N Engl J Med, 333, pp. 1165-1170; Molarius, A., The contribution of lifestyle factors to socioeconomic differences in obesity in men and women-a population-based study in Sweden (2003) Eur J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 227-234; Birch, H.G., Richardson, S.A., Baird, D., Horobin, G., Illsley, R., (1970) Mental Abnormality in the Community, , Baltimore, MD: The Williams and Wilkins Co; Batty, G.D., Morton, S.M., Campbell, D., The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods, and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life-course and intergenerational influences on health (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18, pp. 221-239; (1997) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation in Geneva, Switzerland, , 3-5 June Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. (WHO/NUT/98.1); Nishiwaki, Y., Clark, H., Morton, S.M.B., Leon, D.A., Early life factors, childhood cognition and postal questionnaire response in middle age: The Aberdeen Children of the 1950's (2005) BMC Med Res Methodol, 5, p. 16; Freedman, D.S., Kettel Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., The relation of age at menarche to obesity in childhood and adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2003) BMC Pediatr, 3, p. 3. , http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471/3/3, Internet; Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of obesity from self reported height and weight in an adult Scottish population (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 143-148; Must, A., Phillips, S.M., Naumova, E.N., Recall of early menstrual history and menarchal body size; after 30 years how well do women remember? (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 155, pp. 672-679; Rowland, M.L., Reporting bias in height and weight data (1989) Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co, 70, pp. 2-11; Stevens, J., Keil, J.E., Waid, L.R., Gazes, P.C., Accuracy of current, 4-year, and 28-year self-reported body weight in an elderly population (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 1156-1163; Ziebland, S., Thorogood, M., Fuller, A., Muir, J., Desire for the body normal: Body image and discrepancies between self reported and measured height and weight in a British population (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 105-106; Hill, A., Roberts, J., Body mass index: A comparison between self-reported and measured height and weight (1998) J Public Health Med, 20, pp. 206-210; Lawlor, D.A., Bedford, C., Taylor, M., Ebrahim, S., Agreement between measured and self-reported weight in older women. Results from the British Women's Heart and Health Study (2002) Age Aging, 31, pp. 169-174; Koprowski, C., Coates, R.J., Bernstein, L., Ability of young women to recall past body size and age at menarche (2001) Obes Res, 9, pp. 478-485; Neville, K.A., Walker, J.L., Precocious puberty is associated with SGA, prematurity and obesity (2005) Arch Dis Child, 90, pp. 258-261; Adair, L.S., Size at birth predicts age at menarche (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. E59; Demerath, E.W., Li, J., Sun, S.S., Fifty-year trends in serial body mass index in girls: The Fels Longitudinal Study (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 80, pp. 441-446; Mul, D., Fredricks, A.M., Van Buuren, S., Oostdijk, W., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Wit, J.M., Pubertal development in the Netherlands 1965-191997 (2001) Pediatr Res, 50, pp. 479-486; Veronesi, F.M., Gueresi, P., Trend in menarchal age and socio-economic influences in Bologna (northern Italy) (1994) Ann Hum Biol, 21, pp. 187-196 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744433243&partnerID=40&md5=a4b23a848b3af03c3672345915ed7366 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Through the looking glass at early-life exposures and breast cancer risk T2 - Cancer Investigation J2 - Cancer Invest. VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 609 EP - 624 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/07357900500283093 SN - 07357907 (ISSN) AU - Forman, M.R. AU - Cantwell, M.M. AU - Ronckers, C. AU - Zhang, Y. AD - Laboratory of Biosystems and Cancer, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Hormone Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States AB - The global increase in the proportion of women diagnosed with breast cancer, inadequate access to screening and high cost of treatment for breast cancer argue strongly for a greater focus on preventive strategies. But at what age is it appropriate to begin targeting preventive approaches? The recognized role of perinatal nutrition in neurologic development and the relation of maternal nutritional status to birthweight and subsequent risk of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease identify pregnancy and early childhood as potential phases for prevention. This review examines indicators of hormonal and nutritional exposures in early life and breast cancer risk through the lens of the life course paradigm integrated with maternal and child health research and methodology. Compared to women who were normal birthweight (2500-3999 g), women who weighed ≥4,000 g at birth have a 20 percent to 5-fold increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Women born preterm and likely to be small- or large-for-date also have an increased risk. Birth length is directly associated with risk and has a larger magnitude of effect than birthweight. Prior preeclamptics and their daughters have a lower risk of breast cancer than comparable normotensives. An association between infant feeding practices and breast cancer is unclear without improved exposure assessment and analysis. Rapid childhood and pubertal linear growth increases breast cancer risk, while greater body fat over the same periods reduces risk. Growth data thus far have not been calculated in Z-scores from reference growth curves for comparison across studies. Events and secular trends influencing birth cohorts may not be adequately addressed, thereby limiting the interpretation and implications of the findings. Research in nonhuman primates may help uncover underlying mechanisms. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Inc. KW - Breast cancer risk KW - Early-life exposures KW - chorionic gonadotropin KW - estradiol KW - estriol KW - estrogen KW - estrone KW - gonadotropin KW - leptin KW - mitogenic agent KW - placental growth factor KW - prasterone sulfate KW - somatomedin C KW - aromatization KW - birth weight KW - body fat KW - body mass KW - body size KW - bottle feeding KW - breast cancer KW - breast feeding KW - cancer risk KW - child growth KW - epigenetics KW - exposure KW - genetic polymorphism KW - growth curve KW - human KW - infant feeding KW - large for gestational age KW - maternal age KW - mathematical computing KW - ovary cyst KW - postmenopause KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - prematurity KW - premenopause KW - priority journal KW - puberty KW - race difference KW - review KW - scoring system KW - small for date infant KW - weight gain KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Composition KW - Breast Feeding KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant Food KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Maternal Age KW - Nutritional Status KW - Pre-Eclampsia KW - Pregnancy KW - Premature Birth KW - Puberty KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :47 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CINVD C2 - 16305989 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Forman, M.R.; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; email: mf63p@nih.gov N1 - Chemicals/CAS: chorionic gonadotropin, 9002-61-3; estradiol, 50-28-2; estriol, 50-27-1; estrone, 53-16-7; gonadotropin, 63231-54-9; prasterone sulfate, 651-48-9; somatomedin C, 67763-96-6 N1 - References: Charnov, E., (1993) Life History Invariants: Explorations of Symmetry in Evolutionary Ecology, , Oxford University Press: Oxford; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Introduction: A life course approach to the etiology of adult chronic disease (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford University Press: Oxford; Stern, P.R., Condon, R.G., Puberty, pregnancy, and menopause: Lifecycle acculturation in a Copper Inuit community (1995) Arctic Med. Res., 54, pp. 21-31; Gluckman, P.D., Hanson, M.A., Living with the past: Evolution, development, and patterns of disease (2004) Science, 305, pp. 1733-1736; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol., 31, pp. 285-293; Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 564-567; Barker, D.J., Gluckman, P.D., Godfrey, K.M., Harding, J.E., Owens, J.A., Robinson, J.S., Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 938-941; Darnton-Hill, I., Nishida, C., James, W.P., A life course approach to diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases (2004) Public Health Nutr., 7, pp. 101-121; Potischman, N., Troisi, R., In-utero and early life exposures in relation to risk of breast cancer (1999) Cancer Causes Control, 10, pp. 561-573; Okasha, M., McCarron, P., Gunnell, D., Smith, G.D., Exposures in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood and breast cancer risk: A systematic review of the literature (2003) Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 78, pp. 223-276; Kelsey, J.L., Breast cancer epidemiology: Summary and future directions (1993) Epidemiol. Rev., 15, pp. 256-263; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the women's health initiative randomized controlled trial (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 321-333; Bernstein, L., Epidemiology of endocrine-related risk factors for breast cancer (2002) J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia, 7, pp. 3-15; Trichopoulos, D., Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 939-940; Petridou, E., Panagiotopoulou, K., Katsouyanni, K., Spanos, E., Trichopoulos, D., Tobacco smoking, pregnancy estrogens, and birth weight (1990) Epidemiology, 1, pp. 247-250; Kaijser, M., Granath, F., Jacobsen, G., Cnattingius, S., Ekbom, A., Maternal pregnancy estriol levels in relation to anamnestic and fetal anthropometric data (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 315-319; Wuu, J., Hellerstein, S., Lipworth, L., Wide, L., Xu, B., Yu, G.P., Kuper, H., Hsieh, C.C., Correlates of pregnancy oestrogen, progesterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in the USA and China (2002) Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 11, pp. 283-293; Chellakooty, M., Vangsgaard, K., Larsen, T., Scheike, T., Falck-Larsen, J., Legarth, J., Andersson, A.M., Juul, A.A., Longitudinal study of intrauterine growth and the placental growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I axis in maternal circulation: Association between placental GH and fetal growth (2004) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89, pp. 384-391; Spencer, J.A., Chang, T.C., Jones, J., Robson, S.C., Preece, M.A., Third trimester fetal growth and umbilical venous blood concentrations of IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and growth hormone at term (1995) Arch. Dis. Child., Fetal Neonatal Ed., 73, pp. F87-F90; Wang, H.S., Lim, J., English, J., Irvine, L., Chard, T., The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in human umbilical cord serum at delivery: Relation to fetal weight (1991) J. Endocrinol., 129, pp. 459-464; Verhaeghe, J., Van Bree, R., Van Herck, E., Laureys, J., Bouillon, R., Van Assche, F.A., C-peptide, insulin-like growth factors I and II, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in umbilical cord serum: Correlations with birth weight (1993) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 169, pp. 89-97; Bernstein, I.M., Goran, M.I., Copeland, K.C., Maternal insulin sensitivity and cord blood peptides: Relationships to neonatal size at birth (1997) Obstet. Gynecol., 90, pp. 780-783; Ochoa, R., Zarate, A., Hernandez, M., Galvan, R., Basurto, L., Serum leptin and somatotropin components correlate with neonatal birth weight (2001) Gynecol. Obstet. Invest., 52, pp. 243-247; Jones, J.I., Clemmons, D.R., Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: Biological actions (1995) Endocr. Rev., 16, pp. 3-34; Rosen, C.J., Serum insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins: Clinical implications (1999) Clin. Chem., 45, pp. 1384-1390; Yu, H., Levesque, M.A., Khosravi, M.J., Papanastasiou-Diamandi, A., Clark, G.M., Diamandis, E.P., Associations between insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins and other prognostic indicators in breast cancer (1996) Br. J. Cancer, 74, pp. 1242-1247; Yu, H., Rohan, T., Role of the insulin-like growth factor family in cancer development and progression (2000) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92, pp. 1472-1489; Hu, X., Juneja, S.C., Maihle, N.J., Cleary, M.P., Leptin - A growth factor in normal and malignant breast cells and for normal mammary gland development (2002) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 94, pp. 1704-1711; McConway, M.G., Johnson, D., Kelly, A., Griffin, D., Smith, J., Wallace, A.M., Differences in circulating concentrations of total, free and bound leptin relate to gender and body composition in adult humans (2000) Ann. Clin. Biochem., 37, pp. 717-723; Klebanoff, M.A., Mills, J.L., Berendes, H.W., Mother's birth weight as a predictor of macrosomia (1985) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 153, pp. 253-257; Johnson, J.W., Longmate, J.A., Frentzen, B., Excessive maternal weight and pregnancy outcome (1992) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 167, pp. 353-370. , Discussion 370-352; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 45-60; Boulet, S.L., Alexander, G.R., Salihu, H.M., Pass, M., Macrosomic births in the united states: Determinants, outcomes, and proposed grades of risk (2003) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 188, pp. 1372-1378; Kramer, M.S., Morin, I., Yang, H., Platt, R.W., Usher, R., McNamara, H., Joseph, K.S., Wen, S.W., Why are babies getting bigger? Temporal trends in fetal growth and its determinants (2002) J. Pediatr., 141, pp. 538-542; Morton, N.E., The inheritance of human birth weight (1955) Ann. Hum. Genet., 20, pp. 125-134; Magnus, P., Further evidence for a significant effect of fetal genes on variation in birth weight (1984) Clin. Genet., 26, pp. 289-296; Jablonka, E., Epigenetic epidemiology (2004) Int. J. Epidemiol., 33, pp. 929-935. , Epub 2004 May 20-27; Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Sutton, P.D., Ventura, S.J., Menacker, F., Munson, M.L., Births: Final data for 2002 (2003) Natl. Vital Stat. Rep., 52, pp. 1-113; Coutinho, R., David, R.J., Collins Jr., J.W., Relation of parental birth weights to infant birth weight among African Americans and Whites in Illinois: A transgenerational study (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol., 146, pp. 804-809; Klebanoff, M.A., Graubard, B.I., Kessel, S.S., Berendes, H.W., Low birth weight across generations (1984) JAMA, 252, pp. 2423-2427; McCormack, V.A., Dos Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B.L., Mohsen, R., Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Fetal growth and subsequent risk of breast cancer: Results from long term follow up of Swedish cohort (2003) BMJ, 326, p. 248; Dos Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D.J., McCormack, V.A., Wadsworth, M.E., Is the association of birth weight with premenopausal breast cancer risk mediated through childhood growth? (2004) Br. J. Cancer, 91, pp. 519-524; Kaijser, M., Akre, O., Cnattingius, S., Ekbom, A., Preterm birth, birth weight, and subsequent risk of female breast cancer (2003) Br. J. Cancer, 89, pp. 1664-1666; Ahlgren, M., Melbye, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Sorensen, T.I.A., Growth patterns and the risk of breast cancer in women (2004) N. Engl. J. Med., 351, pp. 1619-1626; Ekbom, A., Hsieh, C.C., Lipworth, L., Adami, H.Q., Trichopoulos, D., Intrauterine environment and breast cancer risk in women: A population-based study (1997) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 89, pp. 71-76; Titus-Ernstoff, L., Egan, K.M., Newcomb, P.A., Ding, J., Trentham-Dietz, A., Greenberg, E.R., Baron, J.A., Willett, W.C., Early life factors in relation to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (2002) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 11, pp. 207-210; Michels, K.B., Trichopoulos, D., Robins, J.M., Rosner, B.A., Manson, J.E., Hunter, D.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Birthweight as a risk factor for breast cancer (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1542-1546; Lahmann, P.H., Gullberg, B., Olsson, H., Boeing, H., Berglund, G., Lissner, L., Birth weight is associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in Swedish women (2004) Br. J. Cancer, 12, p. 12; Sanderson, M., Shu, X.O., Jin, F., Dai, Q., Ruan, Z., Gao, Y.T., Zheng, W., Weight at birth and adolescence and premenopausal breast cancer risk in a low-risk population (2002) Br. J. Cancer, 86, pp. 84-88; Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., Daling, J.R., Holt, V.L., Malone, K.E., Self, S.G., Moore, D.E., Maternal factors and breast cancer risk among young women (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 397-407; Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., Malone, K.E., Stanford, J.L., Emanuel, I., White, E., Daling, J.R., Perinatal factors and risk of breast cancer (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 34-37; Mellemkjaer, L., Olsen, M.L., Sorensen, H.T., Thulstrup, A.M., Olsen, J., Olsen, J.H., Birth weight and risk of early-onset breast cancer (2003) Cancer Causes Control, 14, pp. 61-64; Vatten, L.J., Maehle, B.O., Lund Nilsen, T.I., Tretli, S., Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Stuver, S.O., Birth weight as a predictor of breast cancer: A case-control study in Norway (2002) Br. J. Cancer, 86, pp. 89-91; Hodgson, M.E., Newman, B., Millikan, R.C., Birthweight, parental age, birth order and breast cancer risk in African-American and White women: A population-based case-control study (2004) Breast Cancer Res., 6, pp. R656-R667; Innes, K., Byers, T., Schymura, M., Birth characteristics and subsequent risk for breast cancer in very young women (2000) Am. J. Epidemiol., 152, pp. 1121-1128; Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L.N., Myers, B.C., Mi, M.P., Birth characteristics of premenopausal women with breast cancer (1988) Br. J. Cancer, 57, pp. 437-439; Singh, G.K., Yu, S.M., Birthweight differentials among Asian Americans (1994) Am. J. Public Health, 84, pp. 1444-1449; Service, R.F., New role for estrogen in cancer? (1998) Science, 279, pp. 1631-1633; Vatten, L.J., Romundstad, P.R., Trichopoulos, D., Skjaerven, R., Pregnancy related protection against breast cancer depends on length of gestation (2002) Br. J. Cancer, 87, pp. 289-290; Ekbom, A., Erlandsson, G., Hsieh, C., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.O., Cnattingius, S., Risk of breast cancer in prematurely born women (2000) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92, pp. 840-841; Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., White, E., Daling, J.R., Holt, V.L., Malone, K.E., Self, S.G., Moore, D.E., Validity and reliability of subject and mother reporting of perinatal factors (1998) Am. J. Epidemiol., 147, pp. 136-140; Panagiotopoulou, K., Katsouyanni, K., Petridou, E., Garas, Y., Tzonou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Maternal age, parity, and pregnancy estrogens (1990) Cancer Causes Control, 1, pp. 119-124; Bernstein, L., Depue, R.H., Ross, R.K., Judd, H.L., Pike, M.C., Henderson, B.E., Higher maternal levels of free estradiol in first compared to second pregnancy: Early gestational differences (1986) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 76, pp. 1035-1039; Janerich, D.T., Hayden, C.L., Thompson, W.D., Selenskas, S.L., Mettlin, C., Epidemiologic evidence of perinatal influence in the etiology of adult cancers (1989) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 42, pp. 151-157; Forman, M.R., Meirik, O., Berendes, H.W., Delayed childbearing in Sweden (1984) JAMA, 252, pp. 3135-3139; Rothman, K.J., MacMahon, B., Lin, T.M., Lowe, C.R., Mirra, A.P., Ravnihar, B., Salber, E.J., Yuasa, S., Maternal age and birth rank of women with breast cancer (1980) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 65, pp. 719-722; Thompson, W.D., Janerich, D.T., Maternal age at birth and risk of breast cancer in daughters (1990) Epidemiology, 1, pp. 101-106; Janerich, D.T., Thompson, W.D., Mineau, G.P., Maternal pattern of reproduction and risk of breast cancer in daughters: Results from the Utah Population Database (1994) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 86, pp. 1634-1639; Newcomb, P.A., Trentham-Dietz, A., Storer, B.E., Parental age in relation to risk of breast cancer (1997) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 6, pp. 151-154; Weiss, H.A., Potischman, N.A., Brinton, L.A., Brogan, D., Coates, R.J., Gammon, M.D., Malone, K.E., Schoenberg, J.B., Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for breast cancer in young women (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 181-187; Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Hennekens, C.H., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.E., Parental age at birth and risk of breast cancer in daughters: A prospective study among US women (1991) Cancer Causes Control, 2, pp. 31-36; Zhang, Y., Cupples, L.A., Rosenberg, L., Colton, T., Kreger, B.E., Parental ages at birth in relation to a daughter's risk of breast cancer among female participants in the Framingham Study (United States) (1995) Cancer Causes Control, 6, pp. 23-29; Odegard, R.A., Vatten, L.J., Nilsen, S.T., Salvesen, K.A., Austgulen, R., Risk factors and clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia (2000) BJOG, 107, pp. 1410-1416; Broughton Pipkin, F., Rubin, P.C., Pre-eclampsia - The 'disease of theories' (1994) Br. Med. Bull., 50, pp. 381-396; Vatten, L.J., Skjaerven, R., Is preeclampsia more than one disease? (2004) Obstet. Gynecol. Surv., 59, pp. 645-646; Xiong, X., Demianczuk, N.N., Buekens, P., Saunders, L.D., Association of preeclampsia with high birth weight for age (2000) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 183, pp. 148-155; Odegard, R.A., Vatten, L.J., Nilsen, S.T., Salvesen, K.A., Austgulen, R., Preeclampsia and fetal growth (2000) Obstet. Gynecol., 96, pp. 950-955; Goland, R.S., Tropper, P.J., Warren, W.B., Stark, R.I., Jozak, S.M., Conwell, I.M., Concentrations of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the umbilical-cord blood of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (1995) Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 7, pp. 1227-1230; Parker Jr., C.R., Hankins, G.D., Carr, B.R., Leveno, K.J., Gant, N.F., MacDonald, P.C., The effect of hypertension in pregnant women on fetal adrenal function and fetal plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol metabolism (1984) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 150, pp. 263-269; Vatten, L.J., Odegard, R.A., Nilsen, S.T., Salvesen, K.A., Austgulen, R., Relationship of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in umbilical cord plasma to preeclampsia and infant birth weight (2002) Obstet. Gynecol., 99, pp. 85-90; Odegard, R.A., Vatten, L.J., Nilsen, S.T., Salvesen, K.A., Austgulen, R., Umbilical cord plasma leptin is increased in preeclampsia (2002) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 186, pp. 427-432; Troisi, R., Potischman, N., Johnson, C.N., Roberts, J.M., Lykins, D., Harger, G., Markovic, N., Hoover, R.N., Estrogen and androgen concentrations are not lower in the umbilical cord serum of pre-eclamptic pregnancies (2003) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 12, pp. 1268-1270; Halhali, A., Tovar, A.R., Torres, N., Bourges, H., Garabedian, M., Larrea, F., Preeclampsia is associated with low circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in maternal and umbilical cord compartments (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 85, pp. 1828-1833; Tamimi, R., Lagiou, P., Vatten, L.J., Mucci, L., Trichopoulos, D., Hellerstein, S., Ekbom, A., Hsieh, C.C., Pregnancy hormones, pre-eclampsia, and implications for breast cancer risk in the offspring (2003) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 12, pp. 647-650; Laivuori, H., Tikkanen, M.J., Ylikorkala, O., Hyperinsulinemia 17 years after preeclamptic first pregnancy (1996) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 81, pp. 2908-2911; Polednak, A.P., Janerich, D.T., Characteristics of first pregnancy in relation to early breast cancer. A case-control study (1983) J. Reprod. Med., 28, pp. 314-318; Thompson, W.D., Jacobson, H.I., Negrini, B., Janerich, D.T., Hypertension, pregnancy, and risk of breast cancer (1989) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 81, pp. 1571-1574; Troisi, R., Weiss, H.A., Hoover, R.N., Potischman, N., Swanson, C.A., Brogan, D.R., Coates, R.J., Brinton, L.A., Pregnancy characteristics and maternal risk of breast cancer (1998) Epidemiology, 9, pp. 641-647; Vatten, L.J., Romundstad, P.R., Trichopoulos, D., Skjaerven, R., Preeclampsia in pregnancy and subsequent risk for breast cancer (2002) Br. J. Cancer, 87, pp. 971-973; Innes, K.E., Byers, T.E., First pregnancy characteristics and subsequent breast cancer risk among young women (2004) Int. J. Cancer, 112, pp. 306-311; Paltiel, O., Friedlander, Y., Tiram, E., Barchana, M., Xue, X., Harlap, S., Cancer after pre-eclampsia: Follow up of the Jerusalem perinatal study cohort (2004) BMJ, 328, p. 919; Holdsworth, R.J., Chamings, R.J., Measurement of progestagen and oestrogen levels in human breast milk (1983) Br. Vet. J., 139, pp. 59-60; Bittner, J.J., Some possible effects of nursing on the mammary gland tumor incidence in mice (1936) Science, 84, p. 162; Spiegelman, S., Burny, A., Das, M.R., Keydar, J., Schlom, J., Travnicek, M., Watson, K., Synthetic DNA-RNA hybrids and RNA-RNA duplexes as templates for the polymerases of the oncogenic RNA viruses (1970) Nature, 228, pp. 430-432; Hallam, N., McAlpine, L., Puszczynska, E., Bayliss, G., Absence of reverse transcriptase activity in monocyte cultures from patients with breast cancer (1990) Lancet, 336, p. 1079; Levine, P.H., Mesa-Tejada, R., Keydar, I., Tabbane, F., Spiegelman, S., Mourali, N., Increased incidence of mouse mammary tumor virus-related antigen in Tunisian patients with breast cancer (1984) Int. J. Cancer, 33, pp. 305-308; Sarkar, N.H., Moore, D.H., On the possibility of a human breast cancer virus (1972) Nature, 236, pp. 103-106; Hendershot, G.E., Trends in breast-feeding (1984) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 591-602; Ryan, A.S., The resurgence of breastfeeding in the United States (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. E12; Ahluwalia, I.B., Morrow, B., Hsia, J., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Who is breast-feeding? Recent trends from the pregnancy risk assessment and monitoring system (2003) J. Pediatr., 142, pp. 486-491; Forman, M.R., Fetterly, K., Graubard, B.I., Wooton, K.G., Exclusive breast-feeding of newborns among married women in the United States: The National Natality Surveys of 1969 and 1980 (1985) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 42, pp. 864-869; Forman, S., (1967) Infant Nutrition, , W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia; Freudenheim, J.L., Marshall, J.R., Graham, S., Laughlin, R., Vena, J.E., Bandera, E., Muti, P., Nemoto, T., Exposure to breastmilk in infancy and the risk of breast cancer (1994) Epidemiology, 5, pp. 324-331; Brinton, L.A., Hoover, R., Fraumeni Jr., J.F., Reproductive factors in the aetiology of breast cancer (1983) Br. J. Cancer, 47, pp. 757-762; Ekbom, A., Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Yen, Y.Y., Petridou, E., Adami, H.O., Breast-feeding and breast cancer in the offspring (1993) Br. J. Cancer, 67, pp. 842-845; Titus-Ernstoff, L., Egan, K.M., Newcomb, P.A., Baron, J.A., Stampfer, M., Greenberg, E.R., Cole, B.F., Trichopoulos, D., Exposure to breast milk in infancy and adult breast cancer risk (1998) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 90, pp. 921-924; Michels, K.B., Trichopoulos, D., Rosner, B.A., Hunter, D.J., Colditz, G.A., Hankinson, S.E., Speizer, F.E., Willett, W.C., Being breastfed in infancy and breast cancer incidence in adult life: Results from the two nurses' health studies (2001) Am. J. Epidemiol., 153, pp. 275-283; Winikoff, B., Myers, D., Laukaran, V.H., Stone, R., Overcoming obstacles to breast-feeding in a large municipal hospital: Applications of lessons learned (1987) Pediatrics, 80, pp. 423-433; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Ong, K., Kratzsch, J., Kiess, W., Dunger, D., Circulating IGF-I levels in childhood are related to both current body composition and early postnatal growth rate (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, pp. 1041-1044; Fall, C.H., Pandit, A.N., Law, C.M., Yajnik, C.S., Clark, P.M., Breier, B., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Size at birth and plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations (1995) Arch. Dis. Child., 73, pp. 287-293; Fall, C.H., Clark, P.M., Hindmarsh, P.C., Clayton, P.E., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., Urinary GH and IGF-I excretion in nine year-old children: Relation to sex, current size and size at birth (2000) Clin. Endocrinol., 53, pp. 69-76; De Stavola, B.L., Dos Santos Silva, I., McCormack, V., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E., Childhood growth and breast cancer (2004) Am. J. Epidemiol., 159, pp. 671-682; Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Forsen, T., Eriksson, J.G., Luoto, R., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Tallness and overweight during childhood have opposing effects on breast cancer risk (2001) Br. J. Cancer, 85, pp. 1680-1684; Herrinton, L.J., Husson, G., Relation of childhood height and later risk of breast cancer (2001) Am. J. Epidemiol., 154, pp. 618-623; Berkey, C.S., Frazier, A.L., Gardner, J.D., Colditz, G.A., Adolescence and breast carcinoma risk (1999) Cancer, 85, pp. 2400-2409; Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L.N., Earle, M.E., Mi, M.P., Body size at different periods of life and breast cancer risk (1988) Am. J. Epidemiol., 128, pp. 137-152; Hislop, T.G., Coldman, A.J., Elwood, J.M., Brauer, G., Kan, L., Childhood and recent eating patterns and risk of breast cancer (1986) Cancer Detect. Prev., 9, pp. 47-58; Vatten, L.J., Kvikstad, A., Nymoen, E.H., Incidence and mortality of breast cancer related to body height and living conditions during childhood and adolescence (1992) Eur. J. Cancer, 28, pp. 128-131; Coates, R.J., Uhler, R.J., Hall, H.I., Potischman, N., Brinton, L.A., Ballard-Barbash, R., Gammon, M.D., Swanson, C.A., Risk of breast cancer in young women in relation to body size and weight gain in adolescence and early adulthood (1999) Br. J. Cancer, 81, pp. 167-174; Weiderpass, E., Braaten, T., Magnusson, C., Kumle, M., Vainio, H., Lund, E., Adami, H.O., A prospective study of body size in different periods of life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer (2004) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 13, pp. 1121-1127; Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Silva, I.S., Wadsworth, M., Swerdlow, A.J., Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British cohort (2000) Br. J. Cancer, 83, pp. 964-968; Tanner, J.M., Growth and maturation during adolescence (1981) Nutr. Rev., 39, pp. 43-55; Biro, F.M., McMahon, R.P., Striegel-Moore, R., Crawford, P.B., Obarzanek, E., Morrison, J.A., Barton, B.A., Falkner, F., Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (2001) J. Pediatr., 138, pp. 636-643; Adair, L.S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Maturational timing and overweight prevalence in US adolescent girls (2001) Am. J. Public Health, 91, pp. 642-644; Chaudru, V., Laing, A., Dunston, G.M., Adams-Campbell, L.L., Williams, R., Lynch, J.J., Leffall, L.D., Demenais, F., Interactions between genetic and reproductive factors in breast cancer risk in a population-based sample of African-American families (2002) Genet. Epidemiol., 22, pp. 285-297; Parent, A.S., Teilmann, G., Juul, A., Skakkebaek, N.E., Toppari, J., Bourguignon, J.P., The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: Variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration (2003) Endocr. Rev., 24, pp. 668-693; Li, C.I., Malone, K.E., White, E., Daling, J.R., Age when maximum height is reached as a risk factor for breast cancer among young U.S. women (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 559-565; Li, C.I., Stanford, J.L., Daling, J.R., Anthropometric variables in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women (2000) Int. J. Epidemiol., 29, pp. 208-213; Van Den Brandt, P.A., Spiegelman, D., Yaun, S.S., Adami, H.O., Beeson, L., Folsom, A.R., Fraser, G., Hunter, D.J., Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk (2000) Am. J. Epidemiol., 152, pp. 514-527; Palmer, J.R., Rosenberg, L., Harlap, S., Strom, B.L., Warshauer, M.E., Zauber, A.G., Shapiro, S., Adult height and risk of breast cancer among US black women (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol., 141, pp. 845-849; Hall, I.J., Newman, B., Millikan, R.C., Moorman, P.G., Body size and breast cancer risk in black women and white women: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study (2000) Am. J. Epidemiol., 151, pp. 754-764; Van Den Brandt, P.A., Dirx, M.J., Ronckers, C.M., Van Den Hoogen, P., Goldbohm, R.A., Height, weight weight change, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: The Netherlands Cohort Study (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp. 39-47; Ventura, S.J., Martin, J.A., Curtin, S.C., Mathews, T.J., (1998) Births: Final Data for 1997. National Vital Statistics Reports, 47 (18). , National Center for Health Statistics: Hyattsville, MD; Robsahm, T.E., Tretli, S., Breast cancer incidence in food- vs. non-food-producing areas in Norway: Possible beneficial effects of World War II (2002) Br. J. Cancer, 86, pp. 362-366; Tretli, S., Gaard, M., Lifestyle changes during adolescence and risk of breast cancer: An ecologic study of the effect of World War II in Norway (1996) Cancer Causes Control, 7, pp. 507-512; Godfrey, K.M., The 'gold standard' for optimal fetal growth and development (2001) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 14, pp. 1507-1513; Cole, T.J., Modeling postnatal exposures and their interactions with birth size (2004) J. Nutr., 134, pp. 201-204; Yang, J., Mani, S.A., Donaher, J.L., Ramaswamy, S., Itzykson, R.A., Come, C., Savagner, P., Weinberg, R.A., Twist, a master regulator of morphogenesis, plays an essential role in tumor metastasis (2004) Cell, 117, pp. 927-939 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33344467794&doi=10.1080%2f07357900500283093&partnerID=40&md5=ffc30bb83f9107de60302bfda4b70219 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Racial differences in the tracking of childhood BMI to adulthood T2 - Obesity Research J2 - Obes. Res. VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 928 EP - 935 PY - 2005 SN - 10717323 (ISSN) AU - Freedman, D.S. AU - Khan, L.K. AU - Serdula, M.K. AU - Dietz, W.H. AU - Srinivasan, S.R. AU - Berenson, G.S. AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States AD - Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States AD - CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States AB - Objective: The possibility that there are racial differences in the patterns of BMI (kilograms per meter squared) change throughout life has not been examined. For example, the high prevalence of obesity among black women could result from a higher prevalence of obesity among black girls or because normal-weight black girls experience larger BMI increases in adolescence or adulthood than do their white counterparts. Therefore, we examined the tracking of child-hood BMI into adulthood in a biracial (36% black) sample. Research Methods and Procedures: Five- to 14-year-old children (2392) were followed for (mean) 17 years. Child-hood overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 95th percentile, and adult obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2. Results: The tracking of childhood BMI differed between whites and blacks. Among overweight children, 65% of white girls vs. 84% of black girls became obese adults, and predictive values among boys were 71 % (whites) vs. 82% (blacks). These racial differences reflected contrasting patterns in the rate of BMI change. Although the initial BMI of black children was not higher than that of white children, BMI increases with age were larger among black girls and overweight black boys than among their white counterparts. In contrast, relatively thin (BMI < 50th percentile) white boys were more likely to become overweight adults than were their black counterparts. Discussion: These findings emphasize the black/white differences in BMI changes with age. Because of the adult health consequences of childhood-onset obesity, early prevention should be given additional emphasis. Copyright © 2005 NAASO. KW - Adiposity KW - Adolescents KW - Blacks KW - Longitudinal KW - Overweight KW - adolescent KW - aging KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - Caucasian KW - child KW - comparative study KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - Negro KW - obesity KW - preschool child KW - race KW - sexual development KW - statistical model KW - Adolescent KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Aging KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Continental Population Groups KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Sex Characteristics N1 - Cited By :129 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15919847 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Freedman, D.S.; CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States; email: DFreedman@CDC.gov N1 - References: Hedley, A.A., Ogden, C.L., Johnson, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., Flegal, K.M., Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002 (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 2847-2850; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; Reilly, J.J., Methven, E., McDowell, Z.C., Health consequences of obesity (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 748-752; Berenson, G.S., (1980) Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children, pp. 240-257. , New York: Oxford University Press; Berenson, G.S., Webber, L.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Voors, A.W., Harsha, D.W., Dalferes Jr., E.R., Biochemical and anthropometric determinants of serum beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins in children: Bogalusa Heart Study (1982) Arteriosclerosis, 2, pp. 325-334; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., CDC growth charts: United States (2000) Adv Data, 314, pp. 1-27; Ogden, C.L., Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: Improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 45-60; Himes, J.H., Dietz, W.H., Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee: The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 307-316; Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Criteria for definition of over-weight in transition: Background and recommendations for the United States (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1074-1081; Singer, J.D., Willett, J.B., (2003) Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Harrell, F.E., Design: S Functions for Biostatistical/Epidemiologic Modeling, Testing, Estimation, Validation, Graphics, and Prediction, , http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/twiki/pub/Main/RS/intro.pdf, accessed April 4, 2005; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-year follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Hawk, L.J., Brook, C.G., Influence of body fatness in childhood on fatness in adult life (1979) Br Med J, 1, pp. 151-152; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 283, pp. 13-17; Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Two-decade follow-up of fatness in early childhood (1985) Am J Dis Child, 139, pp. 181-185; Clarke, W.R., Lauer, R.M., Does childhood obesity track into adulthood? (1993) Crit Rev Food Sei Nutr, 33, pp. 423-430; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Guo, S.S., Wu, W., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Predicting over-weight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 653-658; Freedman, D.S., Kettle Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2005) Pediatrics, 115, pp. 22-27; Kahn, H.S., Williamson, D.F., Stevens, J.A., Race and weight change in US women: The roles of socioeconomic and marital status (1991) Am J Public Health, 81, pp. 319-323; Burke, G.L., Bild, D.E., Hilner, J.E., Folsom, A.R., Wagenknecht, L.E., Sidney, S., Differences in weight gain in relation to race, gender, age and education in young adults: The CARDIA Study: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (1996) Ethn Health, 1, pp. 327-335; McTigue, K.M., Garrett, J.M., Popkin, B.M., The natural history of the development of obesity in a cohort of young U.S. adults between 1981 and 1998 (2002) Ann Intern Med, 136, pp. 857-864; Sheehan, T.J., DuBrava, S., DeChello, L.M., Fang, Z., Rates of weight change for black and white Americans over a twenty year period (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 498-504; Sherwood, N.E., Story, M., Obarzanek, E., Correlates of obesity in African-American girls: An overview (2004) Obes Res, 12 (SUPPL.), pp. 3-6S; Harnack, L.J., Jeffery, R.W., Boutelle, K.N., Temporal trends in energy intake in the United States: An ecologic perspective (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 71, pp. 1478-1484; Jeffery, R.W., Utter, J., The changing environment and population obesity in the United States (2003) Obes Res, 11 (SUPPL.), pp. 12-22S; Swinburn, B.A., Caterson, I., Seidell, J.C., James, W.P., Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity (2004) Public Health Nutr, 7, pp. 123-146; Troiano, R.P., Briefel, R.R., Carroll, M.D., Bialostosky, K., Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the United States: Data from the national health and nutrition examination surveys (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72 (5 SUPPL.), pp. 1343-53S; Jebb, S.A., Moore, M.S., Contribution of a sedentary lifestyle and inactivity to the etiology of overweight and obesity: Current evidence and research issues (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31 (11 SUPPL.), pp. S534-41; Kimm, S.Y., Glynn, N.W., Kriska, A.M., Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence (2002) N Engt J Med, 347, pp. 709-715; French, S.A., Story, M., Jeffery, R.W., Environmental influences on eating and physical activity (2001) Annu Rev Public Health, 22, pp. 309-335; McNutt, S.W., Hu, Y., Schreiber, G.B., Crawford, P.B., Obarzanek, E., Mellin, L., A longitudinal study of the dietary practices of black and white girls 9 and 10 years old at enrollment: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (1997) J Adolesc Health, 20, pp. 27-37; Becker, D.M., Yanek, L.R., Koffman, D.M., Bronner, Y.C., Body image preferences among urban African Americans and whites from low income communities (1999) Ethn Dis, 9, pp. 377-386; Fitzgibbon, M.L., Blackmail, L.R., Avellone, M.E., The relationship between body image discrepancy and body mass index across ethnic groups (2000) Obes Res, 8, pp. 582-589; Thompson, S.H., Corwin, S.J., Sargent, R.G., Ideal body size beliefs and weight concerns of fourth-grade children (1997) Int J Eat Disord, 21, pp. 279-284; Kimm, S.Y., Obarzanek, E., Barton, B.A., Race, socioeconomic status, and obesity in 9- To 10-year-old girls: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (1996) Ann Epidemiol, 6, pp. 266-275; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and demographics (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. 497-504; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Freedman, D.S., Kettel Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The Relation of Menarcheal Age to Obesity in Childhood and Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study, , http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/3/3, accessed April 4, 2005; Freedman, D.S., Serdula, M.K., Khan, L.K., The adult health consequences of childhood obesity (2002) Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence, Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series, Pediatric Program, 49, pp. 63-82. , Chen C, Dietz WH, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24344494019&partnerID=40&md5=086b6de242f0355c4b789aeca0de89d7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality of epilepsy in developed countries: A review T2 - Epilepsia J2 - Epilepsia VL - 46 IS - SUPPL. 11 SP - 18 EP - 27 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00403.x SN - 00139580 (ISSN) AU - Forsgren, L. AU - Hauser, W.A. AU - Olafsson, E. AU - Sander, J.W.A.S. AU - Sillanpää, M. AU - Tomson, T. AD - Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden AD - Department of Neurology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - Department of Neurology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland AD - Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland AD - Department of Neurology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden AB - Mortality in people with epilepsy has been studied in many different populations. In population-based incidence cohorts of epilepsy with 7-29 years follow-up, there was up to a threefold increase in mortality, compared to the general population (standardized mortality ratios [SMR] ranged from 1.6 to 3.0). When studies include selected epilepsy populations where patients with frequent and severe seizures are more common, the mortality is even greater. Relative survivorship (RS) following the diagnosis of epilepsy was 91%, 85%, and 83% after 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. In a population with childhood-onset epilepsy, RS was 94% and 88% after 10 and 20 years. The level of increased mortality is affected by several factors. In idiopathic epilepsy where the causes of seizures are unknown, the results are conflicting. There was no significant increase in mortality in studies from Iceland, France, and Sweden, a barely increased risk in a study from the United Kingdom, and a significantly increased risk in a study from the United States. In contrast, all studies report a significant increased mortality in remote symptomatic epilepsy (standardized mortality ratios [SMRs] ranging from 2.2 to 6.5). The highest mortality is found in patients with epilepsy and neurodeficits present since birth, including mental retardation or cerebral palsy (SMRs ranging from 7 to 50). Mortality is also affected by age, with the highest SMRs in children, the combined effect of low mortality in the reference population, and high mortality in children with neurodeficits and epilepsy. The highest excess mortality is found in the elderly, ≥75 years. A pronounced increase in mortality is found during the first year following the onset of seizures due to underlying severe diseases. The increased mortality remains in different studies 2-14 years following diagnosis. Most of the factors responsible for the increased mortality are related to the underlying disorder causing epilepsy with pneumonia, cerebrovascular disease, and neoplastic disorders (risk remains elevated when primary brain tumors are excluded), as the most frequently recorded causes. The most common direct seizure-related cause of death in adolescents and young adults is sudden unexpected death, which is 24 times more common than in the general population. © 2005 International League Against Epilepsy. KW - Epidemiology KW - Epilepsy KW - Mortality KW - Prognosis KW - Seizure KW - age KW - benign childhood epilepsy KW - cancer risk KW - cerebral palsy KW - cerebrovascular disease KW - cohort analysis KW - developed country KW - disease severity KW - epilepsy KW - follow up KW - France KW - human KW - Iceland KW - idiopathic disease KW - incidence KW - mental deficiency KW - mortality KW - pneumonia KW - priority journal KW - review KW - seizure KW - standardized mortality ratio KW - sudden death KW - Sweden KW - symptomatology KW - systematic review KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - cause of death KW - child KW - comparative study KW - cultural factor KW - developed country KW - epilepsy KW - nomenclature KW - prognosis KW - risk factor KW - seizure KW - sex ratio KW - statistics KW - sudden death KW - survival KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Cause of Death KW - Child KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Death, Sudden KW - Developed Countries KW - Epilepsy KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Mortality KW - Prognosis KW - Risk Factors KW - Seizures KW - Sex Distribution KW - Survival Analysis KW - Terminology N1 - Cited By :136 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPILA C2 - 16393174 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Forsgren, L.; Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden; email: lars.forsgren@neuro.umu.se N1 - References: Hauser, W.A., Hesdorffer, D., (1990) Epilepsy: Frequency, Causes and Consequences, , New York: Demos Publications; Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 592-596. , Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis. International league against epilepsy; Murray, C.J.L., Lopez, A.D., The global and regional cause-of-death patterns in 1990 (1994) Bull World Health Organ, 72, pp. 447-480; Zielinski, J.J., Epilepsy and mortality rate and cause of death (1974) Epilepsia, 15, pp. 191-201; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J., Elveback, L., Mortality in patients with epilepsy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 399-412; Cockerell, O., Johnson, A., Sander, J.W.A.S., Mortality from epilepsy: Results from a prospective population based study (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 918-921; Olafsson, E., Hauser, W.A., Gudmundsson, G., Long-term survival of people with unprovoked seizures: A population-based study (1998) Epilepsia, 39, pp. 89-92; Loiseau, J., Picot, M.-C., Loiseau, P., Short-term mortality after a first epileptic seizure: A population-based study (1999) Epilepsia, 40, pp. 1388-1393; Lindsten, H., Nyström, L., Forsgren, L., Mortality in an adult cohort with newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizure. A population-based study (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 1469-1473; Lhatoo, S.D., Johnson, A.L., Goodridge, D.M., Mortality in epilepsy in the first 11-14 years after diagnosis: Multivariate analysis of a long-term, prospective, population-based cohort (2001) Ann Neurol, 49, pp. 336-344; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, J.F., Shirts, S.B., Heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with epilepsy (1984) Epilepsia, 25, pp. 699-704; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Rocca, W.A., Descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy: Contributions of population-based studies from Rochester, Minnesota (1996) Mayo Clin Proc, 71, pp. 576-586; Sillanpää, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) N Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1715-1722; Harvey, A.S., Nolan, T., Carlin, J.B., Community-based study of mortality in children with epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 597-603; Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Veugelers, P.J., Death in children with epilepsy: A population-based study (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1891-1895; Alström, C.H., A study of epilepsy in its clinical, social and genetic aspects (1950) Acta Neurol Scand, (SUPPL. 63), pp. 1-284; Henriksen, B., Juul-Jensen, P., Lund, M., The mortality of epilepsy (1970) Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Life Insurance Medicine, pp. 139-148. , Brackenridge RDC, ed. London: Pitman; White, S.J., McLean, A.E.M., Howland, C., Anticonvulsant drugs and cancer. A cohort study in patients with severe epilepsy (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 458-461; Klenerman, P., Sander, J.W.A.S., Shorvon, S.D., Mortality in patients with epilepsy: A study of patients in long term residential care (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 56, pp. 149-152; Nashef, L., Fish, D.R., Sander, J.W.A.S., Incidence of sudden unexpected death in an adult outpatient cohort with epilepsy at a tertiary referral centre (1995) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 58, pp. 462-464; Nashef, L., Fish, D.R., Garner, S., Sudden death in epilepsy: A study of incidence in a young cohort with epilepsy and learning difficulty (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 1187-1194; Forsgren, L., Edvinsson, S.-O., Nyström, L., Influence of epilepsy on mortality in mental retardation: An epidemiologic study (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 956-963; Nilsson, L., Tomson, T., Farahmand, B., Cause-specific mortality in epilepsy: A cohort study of more than 9000 patients once hospitalized for epilepsy (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 1062-1068; Shackleton, D.P., Westendorp, R.G.J., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D.G.A., Mortality in patients with epilepsy: 40 Years of follow up in a Dutch cohort study (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 66, pp. 636-640; Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399. , Commission on Classification and Terminology. International League Against Epilepsy; Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 324-330; Hauser, W.A., Kurland, L.T., The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967 (1975) Epilepsia, 16, pp. 1-66; Rafnsson, V., Olafsson, E., Hauser, W.A., Cause-specific mortality in adults with unprovoked seizures (2001) Neuroepidemiology, 20, pp. 232-236; Iivanainen, M., Lehtinen, J., Causes of death in institutionalized epileptics (1979) Epilepsia, 20, pp. 485-492; Krohn, W., Causes of death among epileptics (1963) Epilepsia, 4, pp. 315-321; Nashef, L., Walker, F., Allen, P., Apnoe and bradycardia during epileptic seizures: Relation to sudden death in epilepsy (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 60, pp. 297-300; Lathers, C.M., Schraeder, P.L., Boggs, J.G., Sudden unexplained death and autonomic dysfunction (1997) Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook, pp. 1943-1955. , Engel J Jr., Pedely TA, eds. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; Ficker, D.M., So, E.L., Shen, W.K., Population-based study of the incidence of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (1998) Neurology, 51, pp. 1270-1274; Leestma, J.E., Walzak, T., Hughes, J.R., A prospective study of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (1989) Ann Neurol, 26, pp. 195-203; Jick, S.S., Cole, T.B., Mesher, R.A., Sudden unexpected death in young persons with primary epilepsy (1992) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 1, pp. 59-64; Tennis, P., Cole, T.B., Annegers, J.F., Cohort study of incidence of sudden unexplained death in persons with seizure disorders treated with antiepileptic drugs in Saskatchewan, Canada (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 29-36; Lip, G.Y.H., Brodie, M.J., Sudden death in epilepsy: An avoidable outcome (1992) J R Soc Med, 85, pp. 609-611; Timmings, P.L., Sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy: A local audit (1993) Seizure, 2, pp. 287-290; Leestma, J.E., Annegers, J.F., Brodie, M.J., Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: Observations from a large clinical development program (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 47-55; Nilsson, L., Farahmand, B., Persson, P.G., Risk factors for sudden, unexpected death in epilepsy - A case control study (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 888-893; Walczak, T.S., Leppik, I.E., D'Amilio, M., Incidence and risk factors in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A prospective cohort study (2001) Neurology, 56, pp. 519-525; Nilsson, L., Ahlbom, A., Farahmand, B.Y., Mortality in a population-based cohort of epilepsy surgery patients (2003) Epilepsia, 44, pp. 575-581; Dasheiff, R.M., Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A series from an epilepsy surgery program and speculation on the relationship to sudden cardiac death (1991) J Clin Neurophysiol, 8, pp. 216-222; Sperling, M.R., Feldman, H., Kinman, J., Seizure control and mortality in epilepsy (1999) Ann Neurol, 46, pp. 45-50; Strauss, D.J., Day, S.M., Shavelle, R.M., Remote symptomatic epilepsy. Does seizure severity increase mortality? (2003) Neurology, 60, pp. 395-399; Massey, E.W., Schoenberg, B.S., Mortality from epilepsy (1985) Neuroepidemiology, 4, pp. 65-70; O'Callaghan, F.J.K., Osmond, C., Martyn, C.N., Trends in epilepsy mortality in England and Wales and the United States, 1950-1994 (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 151, pp. 182-189; Britten, N., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Fenwick, P.B.C., Stigma in patients with early epilepsy: A national longitudinal study (1984) J Epidemiol Community Health, 38, pp. 291-295; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 Year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-342; Loiseau, J., Loiseau, P., Guyot, M., Survey of seizure disorders in the French Southwest. I. Incidence of epileptic syndromes (1990) Epilepsia, 31, pp. 391-396; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935-84 (1993) Epilepsia, 344, pp. 53-68; Forsgren, L., Bucht, G., Eriksson, S., Incidence and clinical characterization of unprovoked seizures in adults - A prospective population-based study (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 224-229; Olafsson, E., Hauser, W.A., Ludvigsson, P., Incidence of epilepsy in rural Iceland (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 951-955; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Lee, J.R., Secular trends and birth cohort effects in unprovoked seizures: Rochester, Minnesota 1935-1984 (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 575-579; Broderick, J.P., Phillips, S.J., Whisnant, J.P., Incidence rate of stroke in the eighties: The end of the decline in stroke? (1989) Stroke, 20, pp. 577-582 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644781763&doi=10.1111%2fj.1528-1167.2005.00403.x&partnerID=40&md5=4a99d9d3321b0421e72414c90396e17c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rethinking the youth phase of the life-course: The case for Emerging Adulthood? T2 - Journal of Youth Studies J2 - J. Youth Stud. VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 367 EP - 384 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/13676260500431628 SN - 13676261 (ISSN) AU - Bynner, J. AD - Bedford Group for Life Course and Statistical Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAL, United Kingdom AB - A whole flurry of new thinking and research about young people in the USA has been stimulated by Jeffery Arnett's theory of 'Emerging Adulthood'. This argues for recognition of a new stage of the life-course between adolescence and adulthood reflecting the extension of youth transitions to independence brought about by globalization and technological change. Although the perspective aligns with developmental psychology's conception of 'stages of development', its appeal extends across the social science disciplines and policy domains. However, the rich theorizing of the same manifestations of social change in young people's experience in European Youth Studies appear to have been largely overlooked by Arnett. This paper attempts to redress this balance by drawing into the framework of Emerging Adulthood a wider set of theoretical concerns with structural factors and exclusion mechanisms to which (late) modern youth are subjected. The argument is exemplified by age-30 cohort comparisons across three British longitudinal studies starting in 1946, 1958 and 1970, demonstrating rising opportunities accompanied by increased social inequality. The paper concludes with a re-appraisal of the concept of youth as a phase of the late modern life-course in which the properties Arnett attributes to Emergent Adulthood are just one significant feature. N1 - Cited By :196 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bynner, J.; Bedford Group for Life Course and Statistical Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAL, United Kingdom; email: jb@bg.ioe.ac.uk N1 - References: Arnett, J.J., Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties (2000) American Psychologist, 55, pp. 469-480; Arnett, J.J., (2004) Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from Late Teens Through the Twenties, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Bachman, J.G., Wadsworth, K.N., O'Malley, P., Schulenberg, J., Johnstone, L.D., Marriage, divorce and parenthood during the transition to young adulthood: Drug use and abuse (1997) Health Risks and Developmental Transitions during Adulthood, , eds J. Schulenberg, J. L. Maggs & K. Hurrelmann, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Baethge, M., Individualization as hope and disaster: A socio-economic perspective (1989) The Social World of Adolescents, , eds K. Hurrelmann & U. Engel, de Gruyter, Berlin; Beck, U., (1992) Risk Society, , Sage, London; Beck, U., Giddens, A., Lash, S., (1994) Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order, , Polity Press, Cambridge; Backer, G.S., (1975) Human Capital, , National Bureau of Economic Research, Washington DC; Blustein, D.L., Devenis, L.E., Kidney, B.A., Relationship between the identity formation process and career development (1989) Journal of Counselling Psychology, 36, pp. 196-202; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development; Experiments by Nature and by Design, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Bynner, J., Social change and the sequencing of developmental transitions (2000) Negotiating Adolescence in Times of Social Change, , eds L. Crockett & R. K. Silbereisen, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Bynner, J., British youth transitions in comparative perspective (2001) Journal of Youth Studies, 4, pp. 5-23; Bynner, J., Chisholm, L., Comparative youth transition research: Methods, meanings and research relations (1998) European Sociological Review, 14, pp. 131-150; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., Social exclusion and the transition from school to work: The case of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) (2002) Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 60, pp. 289-309; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., Social participation, values and crime (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, , eds E. Ferri, J. Bynner & M. E. Wadsworth, Institute of Education, London; Bynner, J., Silbereisen, R.K., Introduction: The life course and social change (2000) Adversity and Challenge in Life in the New Germany and in England, , eds J. Bynner & R. K. Silbereisen, Macmillan, Basingstoke; Bynner, J., Chisholm, L., Furlong, A., (1997) Youth, Citizenship and Social Change, , Ashgate Press, Aldershot; Bynner, J., Londra, M., Jones, G., (2004) The Impact of Government Policy on Social Exclusion among Young People, , 04SEU 02461, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, Social Exclusion Unit, London; Catan, L., (2004) Becoming Adult: Changing Youth Transitions in the 21st Century: A Synthesis of Findings from the ESRC Youth Research Programme 'Youth, Citizenship and Social Change', , Trust for the Study of Adolescence, Brighton; Coleman, J., (1974) The Nature of Adolescence, , Routledge and Kegan Paul, London; Coleman, J., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (SUPPL.), pp. 95-120; Coleman, J., Adolescence in a changing world (1993) Adolescence and Its Social Worlds, , eds S. Jackson & H. Rodriguez-Tomé, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ; Coles, R., (1995) Youth and Social Policy, , UCL Press, London; Coles, R., Changing patterns of youth transitions: Vulnerable groups, welfare Careers and Social Exclusion (2000) Adversity and Challenge in Life in the New Germany and England, , eds J. Bynner & R. Silbereisen, Macmillan, London; Côté, J.E., Sociological perspective on identity formation: The culture-identity link (1996) Journal of Adolescence, 19, pp. 417-428; Côté, J.E., The role of identity capital in the transition to adulthood: The individualization thesis examined (2002) Journal of Youth Studies, 5, pp. 117-134; Côté, J.E., Levine, C.G., (2002) Identity Formation, Agency and Culture, , Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ; Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Saunders, P., Income and living standards (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, , eds E. Ferri, J. Bynner & M. E. Wadsworth, Institute of Education, London; (2004) 14-19 Curriculum and Qualifications Reform, , Final Report of the Working Group on 14-19 Reform chaired by Mike Tomlinson, DfES Publications, Annesley; Elder Jr., G.H., (1974) Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Elder, G.H., The life course and human development (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology, Volume 1: Theoretical Models of Human Development, 1. , ed. R. M. Lerner, Wiley, New York; Erikson, E.H., (1963) Childhood and Society, , W. W. Norton, New York; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J., Are American rates of social mobility exceptionally high? New evidence on an old issue (1985) European Sociological Review, 1, pp. 1-22; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J., (1992) The Constant Flux: Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; (1990) European Commission Population and Social Conditions Statistics; (1994) European Commission Population and Social Conditions Statistics; Evans, K., Taking control of their lives? Agency in young adult transitions in England and the new Germany (2002) Journal of Youth Studies, 5, pp. 245-270; Evans, K., Heinz, W.R., (1994) Becoming Adults in the 1990s, , Anglo German Foundation, London; Evans, K., Behrens, M., Kaluza, J., (2000) Learning and Work in the Risk Society; Lessons for the Labour Markets of Europe from Eastern Germany, , Macmillan, London; Ferri, E., Smith, K., Partnerships and parenthood (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, , eds E. Ferri, J. Bynner & M. E. Wadsworth, Institute of Education, London; Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M.E., (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, , Institute of Education, London; Furlong, A., Cartmel, R., (1997) Young People and Social Change: Individualization and Risk in Late Modernity, , Open University Press, Buckingham; Gaiser, W., Müller, H.U., The importance of peer groups in different regional contexts and biographical stages (1989) The Social Life of Adolescents, , eds K. Hurrelmann & U. Engel, de Gruyter, New York; Giele, J.Z., Longitudinal studies and life-course research: Innovations investigators and policy ideas (2002) Looking at Lives: American Longitudinal Studies of the Twentieth Century, pp. 15-36. , eds E. Phelps, F. F. Furstenberg & A. Colby, Sage Foundation, New York; Giele, J.Z., Elder, G.H., Life course research; development of a field (1998) Methods of Life Course Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, pp. 5-27. , eds J. Z. Giele & G. H. Elder, Sage Publications, London; Hamilton, S.F., Hamilton, M.A., Creating new pathways to adulthood by adapting German apprenticeship in the United States (1999) From Education to Work: Cross-National Perspectives, pp. 194-213. , ed. W. R. Heinz, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Heinz, W.R., The transition from school to work in crisis (1990) Journal of Adolescence Research, 2, pp. 127-141; Heinz, W.R., Status passages, social risks and the life course: A conceptual framework (1991) Theoretical Advances in Life Course Research. Volume I Status Passages and the Life Course, 1. , ed. W. R. Heinz, Deutscher Studien Verlag, Weinheim; Heinz, W.R., Job-entry patterns in a life-course perspective (1999) From Education to Work: Cross-National Perspectives, pp. 214-231. , ed. W. R. Heinz, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Hendry, L.B., Kloep, M., (2002) Lifespan Development: Resources, Challenges and Risks, , Thomson Learning, London; Hurrelmann, K., (1988) Social Structure and Personality Development, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Hurrelmann, K., The social world of adolescents: A sociological perspective (1989) The Social World of Adolescents, , eds K. Hurrelmann & U. Engel, de Gruyter, Berlin; Jones, G., Wallace, C., (1992) Youth, Family and Citizenship, , Open University Press, Buckingham; Kenniston, K., Youth as a stage of life (1970) American Scholar, 39, pp. 631-654; (1990) Employment in Europe. Meeting the Employment Challenge, , HD 3830. SE567 1998; Lerner, R.M., (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology, Volume 1: Theoretical Models of Human Development, 1. , Wiley, New York; Marcia, J.E., Development and validation of ego identity (1966) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, pp. 551-558; McDonald, R., Dangerous youth and the dangerous class (1997) Youth, the 'Underclass' and Social Exclusion, , ed. R. Macdonald, Routledge, London; Plug, W., Zeijl, E., Du Bois-Reymond, M., Young people's perceptions on youth and adulthood. A longitudinal study from the Netherlands (2003) Journal of Youth Studies, 6, pp. 127-144; Putnam, D., (1999) Bowling Alone, the Collapse and Revival of American Community, , Simon and Schuster, New York; Raffe, D., Pathways linking education and work: A review of concepts, research and policy debates (2003) Journal of Youth Studies, 6, pp. 3-20; Roberts, K., Parsell, G., Recent changes in the pathways from school to work (1989) The Social World of Adolescents, , eds K. Hurrelmann & U. Engel, de Gruyter, New York; Roberts, K., Clark, S.C., Wallace, C., Flexibility and individualisation: A comparison of transitions into employment in England and Germany (1994) Sociology, 20, pp. 31-54; Sampson, R.J., Laub, J.H., (1993) Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Savickas, M.L., Identity in vocational development (1985) Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 27, pp. 329-1327; Schwartz, B., (2004) The Paradox of Choice, , Harper Collins, New York; Stephens, D.E., Squires, P.A., Adults don't realize how sheltered they are. A contribution to the debate on youth transitions from some voices on the margins (2003) Journal of Youth Studies, 6, pp. 145-164; (1999) Bridging the Gap: New Opportunities for 16-18 Year-olds Not in Education Employment or Training, , The Stationery Office, London; Utting, D., (1995) Family and Parenthood, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York; Vondracek, F.W., Lerner, R.M., Schulenberg, J.E., (1986) Career Development: A Life-span Developmental Approach, , Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ; Wallace, C., Kovatcheva, S., (1998) Youth in Society: The Construction and Deconstruction of Youth in East and West Europe, , MacMillan, Basingstoke; Williamson, H., Status zer0 youth and the underclass (1997) Youth, the Underclass and Social Exclusion, , ed. R. Macdonald, Routledge, London; Zinneker, J., What does the future hold? Youth and sociocultural change in the FRG (1990) Childhood, Youth and Social Change: A Comparative Perspective, , eds L. Chisholm, P. Büchner, H.-H Krüger & P. Brown, The Falmer Press, Basingstoke UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29244463364&doi=10.1080%2f13676260500431628&partnerID=40&md5=a66c62fd076b42d364e23ce4c997f65a ER - TY - JOUR TI - The importance of acknowledging clinical uncertainty in the diagnosis of epilepsy and non-epileptic events T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 90 IS - 12 SP - 1219 EP - 1222 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/adc.2004.065441 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Beach, R. AU - Reading, R. AD - Jenny Lind Children's Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom AD - Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom AB - Background: Failure to recognise diagnostic uncertainty between the epilepsies and non-epileptic events may be a factor in high rates of misdiagnosis. Aims: To explore the results of acknowledging diagnostic uncertainty in a cohort of children presenting with paroxysmal events. Methods: Children (29 days-16th birthday) with new presentations of paroxysmal disorders were ascertained through outpatients, admissions, and accident and emergency over a two year period in a district hospital with a catchment population of 500 000. Cases were classified by diagnosis at entry and 6-30 months later. A random selection of cases was independently assessed. Results: A total of 684 cases were ascertained. Attacks were initially classified as febrile seizures (n = 212), acute symptomatic epileptic seizures (n = 5), epilepsies (n = 83), unclassified (possible epilepsy) (n = 90), isolated epileptic seizures (n = 51), and non-epileptic events (n = 243). Case review enabled reclassification of 61 of those initially unclassified-31 to an epilepsy and 27 to non-epileptic events. In 29 the final diagnosis was never clarified. These were 23 cases with confusing or absent histories and six with short lived seizure clusters. Prognosis for these 29 cases was good; 75% had been discharged. None were on long term medication. The diagnosis in the 131 cases confirmed as epilepsy was stable. Independent review of a random sample showed full concordance with one neurologist and 20% uncertainty with another. Conclusion: In addition to definite epilepsy or non-epileptic events it is helpful to recognise a group of cases where the diagnosis is uncertain - unclassified paroxysmal events. Reassessment of these cases enables accurate diagnosis and may prevent a hasty and incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - cluster analysis KW - cohort analysis KW - diagnostic accuracy KW - diagnostic error KW - diagnostic procedure KW - disease classification KW - emergency medicine KW - epilepsy KW - febrile convulsion KW - hospital admission KW - hospital discharge KW - human KW - long term care KW - major clinical study KW - neurology KW - outpatient KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - seizure KW - Adolescent KW - Anticonvulsants KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Electroencephalography KW - Epilepsy KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Seizures KW - Seizures, Febrile KW - Terminology N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 16131503 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Beach, R.; Jenny Lind Children's Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, United Kingdom; email: richard.beach@nnuh.nhs.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Anticonvulsants N1 - References: Fowle, A.J., Binnie, C.D., Uses and abuses of the EEG in epilepsy (2000) Epilepsia, 41 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S10-S18; Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Veugelers, P.J., Death in children with epilepsy: A population-based study (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1891-1895; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 Year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-342; Cowan, L.D., Bodensteiner, J.B., Leviton, A., Prevalence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 94-106; Hauser, W.A., The prevalence and incidence of convulsive disorders in children (1994) Epilepsia, 35 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S1-S6; Gibbs, J., Appleton, R.E., False diagnosis of epilepsy in children (1992) Seizure, 1, pp. 15-18; Oto, M., Russell, A.J.C., McGonigal, A., Misdiagnosis of epilepsy in patients prescribed anticonvulsant drugs for other reasons (2003) BMJ, 326, pp. 326-327; Metrick, M.E., Ritter, F.J., Gates, J.R., Nonepileptic events in childhood (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 322-328; Jeavons, P.M., Non-epileptic attacks in childhood (1983) Research Progress in Epilepsy, pp. 224-230. , Rose FC, eds. London: Pitman; Chadwick, D., Smith, D., The misdiagnosis of epilepsy (2002) BMJ, 324, pp. 495-496; Chinthapalli, R.N., Who should take care of children with epilepsy? (2003) BMJ, 327, p. 1413; Stephenson, J.B.P., (1990) Fits and Faints, , London: MacKeith Press; Daley, H.M., Appleton, R.E., Fits, faints and funny turns (2000) Current Paediatrics, 10, pp. 22-27; Stroink, H., Brouwer, O.F., Arts, W.F., The first unprovoked, untreated seizure in childhood: A hospital based study of the accuracy of the diagnosis, rate of recurrence, and long term outcome after recurrence (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 64, pp. 595-600; Shinnar, S., Berg, A.T., Moshe, S.L., The risk of seizure recurrence after a first unprovoked afebrile seizure in childhood: An extended follow up (1996) Pediatrics, 98, pp. 216-225; Stroink, H., Van Donselaar, C.A., Geerts, A.T., The Dutch study of epilepsy in childhood. Interrater agreement of the diagnosis and classification of the first seizure in childhood (2004) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 75, pp. 241-245; Stroink, H., Van Donselaar, C.A., Geerts, A.T., The accuracy of the diagnosis of paroxysmal events in children (2003) Neurology, 60, pp. 979-982; Engel, J., A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and witn epilepsy: Report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology (2001) Epilepsia, 42, pp. 796-803 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28444469422&doi=10.1136%2fadc.2004.065441&partnerID=40&md5=002f004c80a870d572c4c0bb4f012104 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining work and family life: Life satisfaction among married and divorced men and women in Estonia, Finland, and the UK T2 - European Psychologist J2 - Eur. Psychol. VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 309 EP - 319 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1027/1016-9040.10.4.309 SN - 10169040 (ISSN) AU - Schoon, I. AU - Hansson, L. AU - Salmela-Aro, K. AD - City University London, United Kingdom AD - Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallinn University, Estonia AD - University of Helsinki and Jyväskylä, Finland AD - Department of Psychology, City University, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland AD - Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallinn University, Estonia AD - City University, Department of Psychology, Northampton Square, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom AB - The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the combination of paid employment and taking care of children promotes or challenges the life satisfaction of married and divorced men and women in the UK, Estonia, and Finland. The UK sample stems from the National Child Development Study, at age 42 (N = 10280; 48% of men, 52% of women). The Estonian data come from a representative sample of 1164 participants (507 men, 657 women; mean age 42). The Finnish data stems from an ongoing longitudinal study on 1390 participants (447 men and 943 women; mean age = 41). The results showed that in all three countries women report higher levels of life satisfaction than men, couples are generally more satisfied than divorcees, and those who are employed are generally more satisfied with their lives than those who are not. Second, for men in general as well as for divorced women higher levels of life satisfaction appear to be associated with full-time work. Third, men and women pursuing a professional career are more satisfied with their lives than men and women in unskilled jobs. Finally, having a child shows no significant association with life satisfaction in any of our three countries, although there were significant interactions between gender, marital status, employment, and parenthood. Divorced women in all three countries appear to be more satisfied with their lives if they do not have children, especially after adjusting life satisfaction by occupational status. Findings are discussed with regard to role stress and role accumulation theories. © 2005 Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. KW - Employment KW - Estonia KW - Family KW - Finland KW - Great Britain KW - Life satisfaction KW - Multiple roles N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; City University, Department of Psychology, Northampton Square, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom; email: i.schoon@city.ac.uk N1 - References: Argyle, M., Causes and correlates of happiness (1999) Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, pp. 353-373. , D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwartz (Eds.), New York: Sage; Barnet, R.C., Marshall, N.L., Pleck, J.H., Men's multiple roles and their relationship to men's psychological distress (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 358-367; Björklund, A., Eriksson, T., Unemployment and mental health: A survey of Nordic research (1998) Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 7, pp. 219-235; Blanchflower, D., Oswald, A., (2000) Well-being over Time in Britain and the USA, , NBER Working Paper No 7487. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research; Blossfeld, H.-P., Drobnic, S., (2001) Careers of Couples in Contemporary Society, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Bolger, N., Delongis, A., Kessler, R.C., Wethington, E., The microstructure of daily role-related stress in married couples (1990) Stress between Work and Family, , J. Eckenrode & S. Gore (Eds.), New York: Plenum; Cleary, P.D., Mechanic, D., Sex differences in psychological distress among married people (1983) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, pp. 111-121; Crompton, R., Lyonette, C., (2004) Work-life Balance in Britain and Europe, , Paper presented at the Work-Life Conference in Edinburgh, UK; Crompton, R., (1999) Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Diener, E., Diener, M., Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, pp. 653-663; Diener, E., Lucas, R.E., Personality and subjective well-being (1999) Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, pp. 213-229. , D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwartz (Eds.), New York: Sage; Diener, E., Suh, E.M., National differences in subjective well-being (1999) Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, pp. 434-450. , D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), New York: Sage; Diener, E., Suh, E.M., Lucas, R.E., Smith, H.L., Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress (1999) Psychological Bulletin, 125, pp. 276-302; Diener, E., Suh, E.M., (2000) Culture and Subjective Well-being, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Di Tella, R., MacCulloch, J., Oswald, A., Preferences over inflation and unemployment: Evidence from surveys of happiness (2001) American Economic Review, 91, pp. 335-341; Doyle, C., Hind, P., Occupational stress, burnout, and job status in female academics (1998) Gender, Work and Organization, 5, pp. 67-82; Fahey, T., Smyth, E., The link between subjective well-being and objective conditions in European societies (2004) European Values at the Turn of the Millennium, pp. 57-80. , W. Arts & L. Halman (Eds.), Leiden: Brill; Farmer, H., Development of a measure of home-career conflict related to career motivation in college women (1984) Sex Roles, 10, pp. 663-676; Fern, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M., (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, , London: Institute of Education; Fokkema, T., Combining a job and children: Contrasting the health of married and divorced women in the Netherlands (2002) Social Science and Medicine, 54, pp. 741-752; Glass, J., Fujimoto, T., Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, pp. 179-191; Gove, W.R., Gender differences in mental and physical illness: The effects of fixed roles and nurturant roles (1984) Social Science and Medicine, 19, pp. 77-91; Hansson, L., (2004) Valikud Ja Voimalused: Argielu Eestis 1993-2003 [Options and Opportunities: Everyday Life in Estonia 1993-2003], , Tallinn: TU Publishers; Kelson, R., Elliott, T., Leigh, J., Number and quality of roles: A longitudinal personality view (1990) Psychology of Women Quarterly, 14, pp. 83-101; Inglehart, R., (2000) World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys, 1981-1984, 1990-1993, and 1995-1997, , ICPSR version. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, 1999, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research; Inglehart, R., Klingeman, H.D., Genes, culture, democracy, and happiness (2000) Subjective Well-being Across Cultures, , E. Diener & E.M. Suh (Eds.), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Lahelma, E., Arber, S., Kivelä, K., Roos, E., Multiple roles and health among British and Finnish women: The influence of socioeconomic circumstances (2002) Social Science and Medicine, 54, pp. 727-740; Layard, D., (2005) Happiness: Lessons from a New Science, , London: Penguin; Lucas, R., Clark, A., Georgellis, Y., Diener, E., Re-examining adaptation and the set point model of happiness: Reactions to changes in marital status (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, pp. 527-539; Macintyre, S., The effect of family position and status on health (1992) Social Science and Medicine, 35, pp. 453-464; Macran, S., Clarke, L., Joshi, H., Women's health: Dimensions and differentials (1996) Social Science and Medicine, 42, pp. 1203-1216; Matthews, S., Power, C., Socioeconomic gradients in psychological distress. A focus on women, social roles, and work-home characteristics (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 54, pp. 799-810; National Family and Parenting Institute (NFPI) (2003) Work and the Family Today, , London: NFPI. Factsheet 3 (info@nfpi.org); Narusk, A., Kandolin, I., Social well-being and gender: Post-Soviet Estonia and the welfare state Finland (1997) Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 6, pp. 127-136; Nordenmark, M., Multiple social roles - A resource or a burden: Is it possible for men and women to combine paid work with family life in a satisfactory way? (2002) Gender, Work and Organization, 9, pp. 125-145; Oswald, A., Happiness and economic performance (1997) Economic Journal, 107, pp. 1815-1831; Salmela-Aro, K., Nurmi, J.-E., Employees' motivational orientation and well-being at work: A person-oriented approach (2004) Journal Organizational Change Management, 17, pp. 471-489; Schwarz, N., Starck, F., Reports of subjective well-being: Judgmental processes and their methodological implications (1999) Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, pp. 61-84. , D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwartz (Eds.), New York: Sage; Sieber, S., Toward a theory of role accumulation (1974) American Sociological Review, 39, pp. 567-578; (1999) Women in Transition. Regional Monitoring Report, , Florence: UNICEF International Child Development Center; Veenhoven, R., (1993) Happiness in Nations: Subjective Appreciation of Life in 56 Nations 1946-1992, , Rotterdam: Erasmus University Press; Veenhoven, R., Is life getting better? How long and happy people live in modern society (2005) European Psychologist, 10, pp. 330-343; Voicu, M., Work and family life in Europe: Value patterns and policy making (2004) European Values at the Turn of the Millennium, pp. 231-253. , W. Arts & L. Halman (Eds.), Leiden: Brill; Waite, L., Does marriage matter? (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 483-507; Walthers, V., McDonough, P., The influence of work, household structure, and social, personal, and material resources on gender differences in health (2001) Social Science and Medicine, 54, pp. 677-692; Warr, P., Well-being and the workplace (1999) Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, p. 39412. , D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwartz (Eds.), New York: Sage; World Values Survey, 1981-1984 and 1990-1993 (1994) Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) Version, , Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744482599&doi=10.1027%2f1016-9040.10.4.309&partnerID=40&md5=fc11728e9c632e4007f25a28e93c4a18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Classification of stillbirth by relevant condition at death (ReCoDe): Population based cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 331 IS - 7525 SP - 1113 EP - 1117 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/bmj.38629.587639.7C SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Gardosi, J. AU - Kady, S.M. AU - McGeown, P. AU - Francis, A. AU - Tonks, A. AU - Ben-Tovim, D. AU - Phillips, P.A. AU - Crotty, M. AD - Perinatal Institute, Birmingham B6 5RQ, United Kingdom AD - Clinical Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia AD - Department of Medicine, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia AB - Objective: To develop and test a new classification system for stillbirths to help improve understanding of the main causes and conditions associated with fetal death. Design: Population based cohort study. Setting: West Midlands region. Subjects: 2625 stillbirths from 1997 to 2003. Main outcome measures: Categories of death according to conventional classification methods and a newly developed system (ReCoDe, relevant condition at death). Results: By the conventional Wigglesworth classification, 66.2% of the stillbirths (1738 of 2625) were unexplained. The median gestational age of the unexplained group was 237 days, significantly higher than the stillbirths in the other categories (210 days; P < 0.001). The proportion of stillbirths that were unexplained was high regardless of whether a postmortem examination had been carried out or not (67% and 65%; P = 0.3). By the ReCoDe classification, the most common condition was fetal growth restriction (43.0%), and only 15.2% of stillbirths remained unexplained. ReCoDe identified 57.7% of the Wigglesworth unexplained stillbirths as growth restricted. The size of the category for intrapartum asphyxia was reduced from 11.7% (Wigglesworth) to 3.4% (ReCoDe). Conclusion: The new ReCoDe classification system reduces the predominance of stillbirths currently categorised as unexplained. Fetal growth restriction is a common antecedent of stillbirth, but its high prevalence is hidden by current classification systems. This finding has profound implications for maternity services, and raises the question whether some hitherto "unexplained" stillbirths may be avoidable. KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - disease classification KW - female KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - fetus growth KW - gestational age KW - human KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn hypoxia KW - perinatal morbidity KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - stillbirth KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - Classification KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Pregnancy KW - Stillbirth N1 - Cited By :252 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 16236774 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gardosi, J.; Perinatal Institute, Birmingham B6 5RQ, United Kingdom; email: gardosi@perinatal.nhs.uk N1 - References: (2001) CESDI 8th Annual Report: Confidential Enquiry of Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy, , London; Wigglesworth, J.S., Monitoring perinatal mortality - A pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, SEP 27, pp. 684-687; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: Fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; Cole, S.K., Hey, E.N., Thomson, A.M., Classifying perinatal death: An obstetric approach (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1204-1212; Gardosi, J., Chang, A., Kalyan, B., Sahota, D., Symonds, E.M., Customised antenatal growth charts (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 283-287; Gardosi, J., Mongelli, M., Wilcox, M., Chang, A., An adjustable fetal weight standard (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 6, pp. 168-174; Clausson, B., Gardosi, J., Francis, A., Cnattingius, S., Perinatal outcome in SGA births defined by customised versus population based birthweight standards (2001) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 108, pp. 830-834; McCowan, L., Harding, J.E., Stewart, A.W., Customised birthweight centiles predict SGA pregnancies with perinatal morbidity (2005) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 112, pp. 1026-1033; Gardosi, J., Mul, T., Mongelli, M., Fagan, D., Analysis of birthweight and gestational age in antepartum stillbirths (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 524-530; Genest, D.R., Williams, M.A., Greene, M.F., Estimating the time of death in stillborn fetuses: Histologic evaluation of fetal organs; an autopsy study of 150 stillborns (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 80, pp. 575-584; Bound, J.P., Classification and causes of perinatal mortality (1956) BMJ, 2, pp. 1191-1196; (2005) Stillbirth, Neonatal and Post-neonatal Mortality 2000-2003, England, Wiles and Northern Ireland, , London: RCOG Press; Chiswick, M.L., Commentary on current World Health Organisation definitions used in perinatal statistics (1986) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp, 86, pp. 1236-1238; Scottish programme for clinical effectiveness in reproductive health (2000) Scottish Stillbirth and Infant Death Report 1999, , Edinburgh: NHS Scotland, Information and Statistics Division; Alessandri, L., Stanley, F.J., Garner, J.B., Newnham, J., Walters, B.N., A case control study of unexplained antepartum stillbirths (1992) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 99, pp. 711-718; McIlwaine, G.M., Howat, R.C.L., Dunn, F., Macnaughton, M.C., The Scottish perinatal mortality survey (1979) BMJ, 2, pp. 1103-1106; Williams, R.L., Creasy, R.K., Cunningham, G.C., Hawes, W.E., Norris, F.D., Tashiro, M., Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California (1982) Obstet Gynecol, 59, pp. 624-632; Whitfield, C.R., Smith, N.C., Cockburn, F., Gibson, A.M., Perinatally related wastage - A proposed classification of primary obstetric factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 694-703; Huang, D.Y., Usher, R.H., Kramer, M.S., Yang, H., Morin, L., Fretts, R.C., Determinants of unexplained antepartum fetal deaths (2000) Obstet Gynecol, 95, pp. 215-221; MacLennan, A., A template for defining a causal relation between acute intrapartum events and cerebral palsy: International consensus statement (1999) BMJ, 16, pp. 1054-1059; Hepburn, M., Rosenberg, K., An audit of the detection and management of small-for-gestational age babies (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 212-216 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744541421&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38629.587639.7C&partnerID=40&md5=41df50dce48da885e933b17bcbd4cc13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relationship between childbearing and transitions from marriage and cohabitation in Britain T2 - Demography J2 - Demography VL - 42 IS - 4 SP - 647 EP - 673 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1353/dem.2005.0038 SN - 00703370 (ISSN) AU - Steele, F. AU - Kallis, C. AU - Goldstein, H. AU - Joshi, H. AD - University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - In this article, we describe a general framework for the analysis of correlated event histories, with an application to a study of partnership transitions and fertility among a cohort of British women. Using a multilevel, multistate competing-risks model, we examine the relationship between prior fertility outcomes (the presence and characteristics of children and current pregnancy) and the dissolution of marital and cohabiting unions and movements from cohabitation to marriage. Using a simultaneous-equations model, we model these partnership transitions jointly with fertility, allowing for correlation between the unobserved woman-level characteristics that affect each process. The analysis is based on the partnership and birth histories that were collected for the 1958 birth cohort (National Child Development Study) aged 16-42. The findings indicate that preschool children have a stabilizing effect on their parents' partnership, whether married or cohabiting, but the effect is weaker for older children. There is also evidence that although pregnancy precipitates marriage among cohabitors, the odds of marriage decline to prepregnancy levels following a birth. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth rate KW - child KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - demography KW - divorce KW - education KW - female KW - fertility KW - human KW - marriage KW - parity KW - pregnancy KW - proportional hazards model KW - psychological aspect KW - social class KW - spouse KW - statistics KW - time KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Rate KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Divorce KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Marital Status KW - Marriage KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Social Mobility KW - Spouses KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :59 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 16463915 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Steele, F.; Centre for Multilevel Modelling, Graduate School of Education, University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, United Kingdom; email: Fiona.Steele@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Aassve, A., Burgess, S., Propper, C., Dickson, M., "Employment, Family Union, and Child-bearing Decisions in Great Britain" (2004), Working paper. Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Essex, Essex, England; Aassve, A., Burgess, S., Propper, C., Dickson, M., "Change and Continuity in Family Formation Among Young Adults in Britain" (2003), S3RI Applications and Policy Working Paper A03/04. Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, England; Berrington, A., Diamond, I., "Marital Dissolution Among the 1958 British Birth Cohort: The Role of Cohabitation" (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 19-38; Blossfeld, H.-P., Manting, D., Rohwer, G., "Patterns of Change in Family Formation in the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands: Some Consequences for Solidarity Between Generations" (1993) Solidarity of Generations. Demographic, Economic and Social Change, and Its Consequences, pp. 175-196. , edited by H.A. Becker and P.L.J. Hermkens. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers; Böheim, R., Ermisch, J., "Partnership Dissolution in the UK - The Role of Economic Circumstances" (2001) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 63, pp. 197-208; Brien, M.J., Lillard, L.A., Waite, L.J., "Interrelated Family-Building Behaviors: Cohabitation, Marriage, and Nonmarital Conception" (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 535-551; Browne, W.J., (2003) MCMC Estimation in MLwiN, , London: Institute of Education; Di Salvo, P., (1995) NCDS5 Partnership Histories, , Data Note 2. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Di Salvo, P., (1995) NCDS5 Child Histories: Reconciling Self-Completion and Interview Data, , Data Note 10. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Dodgeon, B., (2002) Pregnancy Histories in the Combined NCDS/BCS70 1999/2000 Data, , CLS Cohort Studies Data Note 2. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., "Cohabitation in Great Britain: Not for Long, but Here to Stay" (2000) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 163, pp. 153-172. , Series A; Ermisch, J., Pevalin, D., "Does a Teen Birth Have Longer-Term Impact on the Mother? Evidence From the 1970 British Cohort Study" (2003), Working Paper No. 2003-28. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, England; Ferri, E., Smith, K., "Step-parenting in the 1990s" (1998), Research report. Joseph Rowntree Foundation/Family Policy Studies Centre, York, England; Goldstein, H., (2003) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 3rd ed. London: Arnold; Goldstein, H., Pan, H., Bynner, J., "A Flexible Procedure for Analysing Longitudinal Event Histories Using a Multilevel Model" (2004) Understanding Statistics, 3, pp. 85-99; Hawkes, D., Plewis, I., "Modelling Non-response in the National Child Development Study" (2004), Paper presented at the conference on Statistical Methods for Attrition and Non-response in Social Surveys, Royal Statistical Society, London, May 28; Joshi, H., Cooksey, E.C., Wiggins, R.D., McCulloch, A., Verropoulou, G., Clarke, L., "Diverse Family Living Situations and Child Development: A Multi-level Analysis Comparing Longitudinal Evidence from Britain and the United States" (1999) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 13, pp. 292-314; Kallis, K., (2005) NCDS5 and NCDS6 Partnership Histories, , Data Note. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Kiernan, K., "The Rise of Cohabitation and Childbearing Outside Marriage in Western Europe" (2001) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 15, pp. 1-21; Kiernan, K.E., Cherlin, A.J., "Parental Divorce and Partnership Dissolution in Adulthood: Evidence From a British Cohort Study" (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 39-48; Koo, H.P., Janowitz, B.K., "Interrelationships Between Fertility and Marital Dissolution: Results of a Simultaneous Logit Model" (1983) Demography, 20, pp. 129-145; Lillard, L., "Simultaneous Equations for Hazards: Marriage Duration and Fertility Timing" (1993) Journal of Econometrics, 56, pp. 189-217; Lillard, L.A., Brien, M.J., Waite, L.J., "Premarital Cohabitation and Subsequent Marital Dissolution: A Matter of Self-Selection?" (1995) Demography, 22, pp. 437-457; Lillard, L., Waite, L., "A Joint Model of Marital Childbearing and Marital Disruption" (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 653-681; Loomis, L.S., Landale, N.S., "Nonmarital Cohabitation and Childbearing Among Black and White American Women" (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 949-962; Manning, W.D., Smock, P.J., "Why Marry? Race and the Transition to Marriage Among Cohabitors" (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 509-520; Murphy, M., "Demographic and Socio-economic Influences on Recent British Marital Breakdown Patterns" (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 441-460; Murphy, M., "The Evolution of Cohabitation in Britain, 1960-95" (2000) Population Studies, 54, pp. 43-56; (2004) Review of the Registrar General on Births and Patterns of Family Building in England and Wales, 2002, , Office for National Statistics. Report, Series FM1 No.31. Office for National Statistics, London; Rendall, M.S., Clarke, L., Peters, H.E., Ranjit, N., Verropoulou, G., "Incomplete Reporting of Men's Fertility in the United States and Britain: A Research Note" (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 135-144; Rasbash, J., Steele, F., Browne, W.J., Prosser, B., (2004) A User's Guide to MLwiN, , Version 2.0. London: Institute of Education; Rindfuss, R.R., Vandenheuvel, A., "Cohabitation - A Precursor to Marriage or an Alternative to Being Single?" (1990) Population Development Review, 16, pp. 703-726; Shepherd, P., (1997) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Steele, F., Diamond, I., Amin, S., "Immunization Uptake in Rural Bangladesh: A Multilevel Analysis" (1996) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 159, pp. 289-299. , Series A; Steele, F., Diamond, I., Wang, D., "The Determinants of the Duration of Contraceptive Use in China: A Multilevel Multinomial Discrete Hazards Modelling Approach" (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 12-33; Steele, F., Goldstein, H., Browne, W., "A General Multistate Competing Risks Model for Event History Data, With an Application to the Study of Contraceptive Use Dynamics" (2004) Statistical Modelling, 4, pp. 145-159; Steele, F., Joshi, H., Kallis, C., Goldstein, H., "Changes in the Relationship Between the Outcomes of Cohabiting Partnerships and Fertility Among Young British Women: Evidence From the 1958 and 1970 Birth Cohort Studies" (2005), Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Philadelphia, March 31-April 2; Steele, F., Kallis, C., Joshi, H., "The Formation and Outcomes of Cohabiting and Marital Partnerships in Early Adulthood: The Role of Previous Partnership Experience" (2005), Working paper. University of Bristol; Upchurch, D.M., Lillard, L.A., Panis, C.W.A., "Nonmarital Childbearing: Influences of Education, Marriage, and Fertility" (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 311-329; Waite, L.J., Lillard, L.A., "Children and Marital Disruption" (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 930-953; Wu, Z., "The Stability of Cohabitation Relationships: The Role of Children" (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 231-236; Wu, Z., Balakrishnan, T.R., "Dissolution of Premarital Cohabitation in Canada" (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 521-532 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646542368&doi=10.1353%2fdem.2005.0038&partnerID=40&md5=1da3e0cddbb09813c15bc8703c827776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The disappearing link between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital stability, 1970-2001 T2 - Journal of Population Research J2 - J. Popul. Res. VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 99 EP - 118 PY - 2005 SN - 14432447 (ISSN) AU - de Vaus, D. AU - Qu, L. AU - Weston, R. AD - Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia AD - La Trobe University, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia AD - Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australia AB - Previous research has demonstrated that marriages preceded by premarital cohabitation have higher rates of dissolution than those in which the couple marry without first living together. Most of this research relies on data generated by couples who cohabited in the 1970s and early 1980s when premarital cohabitation was relatively uncommon and usually of brief duration. Since then, premarital cohabitation in Australia has become normative and thus less prone to selection effects. The period of premarital cohabitation has also lengthened and is thus more likely to provide opportunities to screen out unviable matches. This paper uses national survey data from Australia to explore whether, in the light of these changes, the previously observed higher level of marital dissolution among those who live together before marrying has persisted. It demonstrates that the higher risk of marital dissolution among those who cohabited before marriage has declined substantially in the 1990s marriage cohort and, after controlling for selection factors, has disappeared altogether. KW - Consensual union KW - Dissolution of marriage KW - Marital stability KW - Premarital cohabitation KW - Separation KW - Social change KW - Types of marriage KW - cohabitation KW - marriage KW - social change KW - Australasia KW - Australia N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: de Vaus, D.; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; email: D.devaus@latrobe.edu.au N1 - References: (2002) Marriages and Divorces, Australia, 2001, , Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Catalogue No. 3310.0. Canberra; Axinn, W.G., Thornton, A., The relationship between cohabitation and divorce; selectivity or causal influence? (1992) Demography, 29 (3), pp. 357-374; Berrington, A., Diamond, I., Marital dissolution among the 1958 British birth cohort: The role of cohabitation (1999) Population Studies, 53 (1), pp. 19-38; Booth, A., Johnson, D., Premarital cohabitation and marital success (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9 (3), pp. 255-272; Brown, S.L., Union transitions among cohabitors: The significance of relationship assessments and expectations (2000) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, pp. 833-846; Brown, S.L., Booth, A., Cohabitation versus marriage: A comparison of relationship quality (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58 (3), pp. 668-678; Brüderl, J., Diekmann, A., Engelhardt, H., Premarital cohabitation and marital stability? An empirical study with the family survey (1997) Kölner Zeitschrift Für Soziologie Und Sozialpsychologie, 49 (2), pp. 205-222; Bumpass, L., Martin, T.C., Sweet, J., The impact of family background and early marital factors on marital disruption (1991) Journal of Family Issues, 12 (1), pp. 22-42; Clarkberg, M., Stolzenberg, R.M., Waite, L.J., Attitudes, values, and entrance into cohabitational versus marital unions (1995) Social Forces, 74 (2), pp. 609-632; Clements, M.L., Cordova, A.D., Markman, H.J., Laurenceau, J.P., The erosion of marital satisfaction over time and how to prevent it (1997) Satisfaction in Close Relationships, pp. 335-355. , in R.J. Sternberg and M. Hojjat (eds), New York: Guilford Press; DeMaris, A., MacDonald, W., Premarital cohabitation and marital instability: A test of the unconventionality hypothesis (1993) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55 (2), pp. 399-407; DeMaris, A., Rao, K.V., Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital stability in the United States: A reassessment (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54 (1), pp. 178-190; de Vaus, D.A., (2004) Diversity and Change in Australian Families, , Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies; de Vaus, D.A., Gray, M., Childhood transitions (2004) Diversity and Change in Australian Families, pp. 131-140. , in D.A. de Vaus (ed.), Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies; Giddens, A., (1992) The Transformation of Intimacy, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Glezer, H., Edgar, D., Prolisko, A., The importance of family background and early experiences on premarital cohabitation and marital dissolution (1992), Paper presented at International Conference on Family Formation and Dissolution: Perspectives from East and West, Taipei, 21-23 May; Kamp Dush, C., Cohan, C., Amato, P., The relationship between cohabitation and marital quality and stability: Change across cohorts? (2003) Journal of Marriage and Family, 65 (3), pp. 539-549; Karney, B., Bradbury, T., Neuroticism, marital interaction, and the trajectory of marital satisfaction (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72 (5), pp. 1075-1092; Kiernan, K., Cohabitation in Western Europe: Trends, issues and implications (2002) Just Living Together: Implications of Cohabitation on Families, Children and Social Policy, pp. 3-32. , in A. Booth and A.C. Crouter (eds), Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum; le Bourdais, C., Juby, H., The impact of cohabitation on family life course in contemporary North America: Insights from across the border (2002) Just Living Together: Implications of Cohabitation on Families, Children and Social Policy, pp. 107-118. , in A. Booth and A.C. Crouter (eds), Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum; Lillard, L.A., Brien, M.J., Waite, L.J., Pre-marital cohabitation and subsequent marital dissolution: A matter of self-selection? (1995) Demography, 32 (3), pp. 437-457; Parker, R., Why marriages last: A discussion of the literature (2002), Research Paper No. 28. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies; Schoen, R., First unions and the stability of first marriages (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54 (2), pp. 281-284; Smock, P., Gupta, S., Cohabitation in contemporary North America (2002) Just Living Together: Implications of Cohabitation on Families, Children and Social Policy, pp. 53-84. , in A. Booth and A.C. Crouter (eds), Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum; Teachman, J., Premarital sex, premarital cohabitation, and the risk of subsequent marital dissoution among women (2003) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 65 (2), pp. 444-455; Teachman, J.D., Polonko, K.A., Cohabitation and marital stability in the United States (1990) Social Forces, 69 (1), pp. 207-220; Thornton, A., Axinn, W., Hill, D., Reciprocal effects of religiosity, cohabitation, and marriage (1992) American Journal of Sociology, 98 (3), pp. 628-651; Watson, N., Wooden, M., (2002) The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey: Wave 1 Survey Methodology, , HILDA Project Technical Paper Series No. 1/02, May 2002 (revised October 2002); Wooden, M., Watson, N., (2001) The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey: An Introduction to the Proposed Survey Design and Plan, , HILDA Project Discussion Paper Series No. 1/00, December 2000 (revised February 2001) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846675222&partnerID=40&md5=aed8d9045fd606e8f8fd3650893a340a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic epidemiology and public health: Hope, hype, and future prospects T2 - Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 366 IS - 9495 SP - 1484 EP - 1498 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67601-5 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Smith, G.D. AU - Ebrahim, S. AU - Lewis, S. AU - Hansell, A.L. AU - Palmer, L.J. AU - Burton, P.R. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom AD - Laboratory for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia AD - Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom AB - Genetic epidemiology is a rapidly expanding research field, but the implications of findings from such studies for individual or population health are unclear. The use of molecular genetic screening currently has some legitimacy in certain monogenic conditions, but no established value with respect to common complex diseases. Personalised medical care based on molecular genetic testing is also as yet undeveloped for common diseases. Genetic epidemiology can contribute to establishing the causal nature of environmentally modifiable risk factors, throught the application of mendelian randomisation approaches and thus contribute to appropriate preventive strategies. Technological and other advances will allow the potential of genetic epidemiology to be revealed over the next few years, and the establishment of large population-based resources for such studies (biobanks) should contribute to this endeavour. KW - alpha tocopherol KW - anesthetic agent KW - ascorbic acid KW - azathioprine KW - beta carotene KW - folic acid KW - hormone KW - hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor KW - imatinib KW - mercaptopurine KW - muscle relaxant agent KW - article KW - autosomal dominant disorder KW - cohort analysis KW - cost effectiveness analysis KW - diagnostic accuracy KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - drug cost KW - employment KW - environmental factor KW - gene expression profiling KW - gene mutation KW - genetic epidemiology KW - genetic screening KW - genetic susceptibility KW - genetic variability KW - hemochromatosis KW - heterozygote KW - human KW - malignant hyperthermia KW - medical care KW - monogenic disorder KW - pharmacogenetics KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - risk factor KW - side effect KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Genetic Screening KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Molecular Biology KW - Public Health KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :204 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 16243094 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Smith, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: zetkin@bristol.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alpha tocopherol, 1406-18-4, 1406-70-8, 52225-20-4, 58-95-7, 59-02-9; ascorbic acid, 134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7; azathioprine, 446-86-6; beta carotene, 7235-40-7; folic acid, 59-30-3, 6484-89-5; imatinib, 152459-95-5, 220127-57-1; mercaptopurine, 31441-78-8, 50-44-2, 6112-76-1; muscle relaxant agent, 9008-44-0 N1 - References: Bell, J., Predicting disease using genomics (2004) Nat Rev, 429, pp. 453-456; Johnson, J.A., Pharmacogenetics: Potential for individualized drug therapy through genetics (2003) Trends Genet, 19, pp. 660-666; Haga, S.B., Burke, W., Using pharmocogenetics to improve drug safety and efficacy (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 2869-2871; Evans, W.E., Relling, M.V., Moving towards individualized medicine with pharmacogenomics (2004) Nature, 429, pp. 464-468; Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., 'Mendelian randomization': Can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? (2003) Int J Epidemiol, 32, pp. 1-22; Davey Smith, G., Harbord, R., Ebrahim, S., Fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease: Does Mendelian randomization suggest the associations are non-causal? (2004) QJM, 97, pp. 163-166; Brennan, P., Commentary: Mendelian randomization and gene-environment interaction (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 17-21; Tobin, M.D., Minelli, C., Burton, P.R., Commentary: Development of Mendelian randomisation: From hypothesis test to 'Mendelian deconfounding' (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 21-25; Keavney, B., Commentary: Katan's remarkable foresight: Genes and causality 18 years on (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 11-14; Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Mendelian randomization: Prospects, potentials, and limitations (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 30-42; Davey, G.S., Randomised by (your) god: Unbiased effect estimates from an observational study design J Epidemiol Community Health, , (in press); Youngman, L.D., Keavney, B.D., Palmer, A., Plasma fibrinogen and fibrinogen genotypes in 4685 cases of myocardial infarction and in 6002 controls: Test of causality by "mendelian randomization" (2000) Circulation, 102 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 31-32; Clayton, D., McKeigue, P.M., Epidemiological methods for studying genes and environmental factors in complex diseases (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 1356-1360; Fallon, U.B., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Davey Smith, G., Homocysteine and coronary heart disease (2001) Heart Online, , http://heart.bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/85/2/153; Caskey, C.T., DNA-Based Medicine: Prevention and Therapy (1993) The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, pp. 112-135. , D.J. Kevles L. Hood Harvard University Press London; Watson, J.D., A Personal View of the project (1993) The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, pp. 164-173. , D.J. Kevles L. Hood Harvard University Press London; Bell, J., The new genetics in clinical practice (1998) BMJ, 31, pp. 618-620; Collins, F.S., Medical and societal consequences of the human genome project (1999) NEJM, 341, pp. 28-37; Keavney, B., Palmer, A., Parish, S., Lipid related genes and myocardial infarction in 4685 cases and 3460 controls: Discrepancies between genotype, blood lipid concentrations, and coronary disease risk (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 1002-1013; Zhou, W., Liu, G., Thurston, S.W., Genetic polymorphisms in N-acetyltransferase-2 and Microsomal Expoxide Hydrolase, cumulative cigarette smoking, and lung cancer (2002) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11, pp. 15-21; Colhoun, H.M., McKeigue, P.M., Davey Smith, G., Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 865-872; Ioannidis, J.P., Trikalinos, T.A., Ntzani, E.E., Contopoulos-Ioannidis, D.G., Genetic associations in large versus small studies: An empirical assessment (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 567-571; Hahnloser, D., Petersen, G.M., Rabe, K., The APC E1317Q variant in adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancers (2003) Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev, 12, pp. 1023-1028; Khachaturian, A.S., Corcoran, C.D., Mayer, L.S., Zandi, P.P., Breitner, Apolipoprotein e epsilon4 count affects age at onset of Alzheimer disease, but not lifetime susceptibility: The Cache County Study (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 61, pp. 518-524. , Cache County Study Investigators J.C; Qiu, C., Kivipelto, M., Aguero-Torres, H., Winblad, B., Fratiglioni, L., Risk and protective effects of the APOE gene towards Alzheimer's disease in the Kungsholmen project: Variation by age and sex (2004) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 75, pp. 828-833; American College of Medical Genetics/American Society of Human Genetics Working Group on ApoE and Alzheimer disease (1995) JAMA, 274, pp. 1627-1629. , Statement on use of apolipoprotein E testing for Alzheimer disease; Severi, G., Giles, G.G., Southey, M.C., ELAC2/HPC2 polymorphisms, prostate-specific antigen levels, and prostate cancer (2003) J Natl Cancer Inst, 95, pp. 818-824; Frayling, I.M., Beck, N.E., Ilyas, M., The APC variants I1307K and E1317Q are associated with colorectal tumors, but not always with a family history (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, pp. 10722-10727; The UK National Screening Committee's Criteria for Appraising the Viability, Effectiveness and Appropriateness of a Screening Programme, , http://www.nsc.nhs.uk/pdfs/criteria.pdf, UK National Screening Committee; The International HapMap Project (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 789-796. , The International HapMap Consortium; Zondervan, K.T., Cardon, L.R., The complex interplay among factors that influence allelic association (2004) Nat Rev Genet, 5, pp. 89-100; Hugot, J.P., Chamaillard, M., Zouali, H., Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease (2001) Nature, 411, pp. 599-603; Begovich, A.B., Carlton, V.E., Honigberg, L.A., A missense single-nucleotide polymorphism in a gene encoding a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (2004) Am J Hum Genet, 75, pp. 330-337; Arnold, S.E., Talbot, K., Hahn, C.G., Neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and new genes for schizophrenia (2005) Prog Brain Res, 147, pp. 319-345; Ren, R., Mechanisms of BCR-ABL in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (2005) Nat Rev Cancer, 5, pp. 172-183; Kelleher, D., Farrell, R., McManus, R., Pharmacogenetics of inflammatory bowel disease (2004) Novartis Found Symp, 263, pp. 41-53; Mallal, S., Nolan, D., Witt, C., Association between presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 727-732; Grody, W.W., Molecular genetic risk screening (2003) Annu Rev Med, 54, pp. 473-490; Burton, P.R., Tobin, M.D., Hopper, J.L., Key concepts in genetic epidemiology (2005) Lancet, 366, pp. 941-951; Genetic testing for cystic fibrosis. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement on genetic testing for cystic fibrosis (1999) Arch Intern Med, 159, pp. 1529-1539; Grody, W.W., Cutting, G.R., Klinger, K.W., Richards, C.S., Watson, M., Desnick, R.J., Laboratory standards and guidelines for population-based cystic fibrosis carrier screening (2001) Genet Med, 3, pp. 149-154; (2001) Preconception and Prenatal Carrier Screening for Cystic Fibrosis, Clinical and Laboratory Guidelines, 2001, , American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and American College of Medical Genetics American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology publication Washington DC; Strom, C.M., Crossley, B., Redman, J.B., Cystic fibrosis screening: Lessons learned from the first 320,000 patients (2004) Genet Med, 6, pp. 136-140; Vastag, B., Cystic fibrosis gene testing a challenge (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 2923-2924; Palomaki, G.E., Prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis: An early report card (2004) Genet Med, 6, pp. 115-116; Richards, C.S., Grody, W.W., Prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis: Past, present and future (2004) Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 4, pp. 49-62; Gordon, C., Walpole, I., Zubrick, S.R., Bower, C., Population screening for cystic fibrosis: Knowledge and emotional consequences 18 months later (2003) Am J Med Genet, 120, pp. 199-208; Marteau, T.M., Dundas, R., Axworthy, D., Long-term cognitive and emotional impact of genetic testing for carriers of cystic fibrosis: The effects of test result and gender (1997) Health Psychol, 16, pp. 51-62; Marteau, T.M., Michie, S., Miedzybrodzka, Z.H., Allanson, A., Incorrect recall of residual risk three years after carrier screening for cystic fibrosis: A comparison of two-step and couple screening (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 181, pp. 165-169; Honnor, M., Zubrick, S.R., Walpole, I., Bower, C., Goldblatt, J., Population screening for cystic fibrosis in Western Australia: Community response (2000) Am J Med Genet, 93, pp. 198-204; Clausen, H., Brandt, N.J., Schwartz, M., Skovby, F., Psychological and social impact of carrier screening for cystic fibrosis among pregnant women: A pilot study (1996) Clin Genet, 49, pp. 200-205; Eng, C.M., Schechter, C., Robinowitz, J., Prenatal genetic carrier screening using triple disease screening (1997) JAMA, 278, pp. 1268-1272; Eng, C.M., Desnick, R.J., Experiences in molecular-based prenatal screening for Ashkenazi Jewish genetic diseases (2001) Adv Genet, 44, pp. 275-296; Norio, R., Finnish disease Heritage I: Characteristics, causes, background (2003) Hum Genet, 112, pp. 441-456; Pastinen, T., Perola, M., Ignatius, J., Dissecting a population genome for targeted screening of disease mutations (2001) Hum Mol Genet, 10, pp. 2961-2972; Godard, B., Ten Kate, L., Evers-Kiebooms, G., Ayme, S., Population genetic screening programmes: Principles, techniques, practices, and policies (2003) Eur J Hum Genet, 11 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 49-S87; Feder, J.N., Gnirke, A., Thomas, W., A novel MHC class I-like gene is mutated in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (1996) Nat Genet, 13, pp. 399-408; Byrnes, V., Ryan, E., Barrett, S., Kenny, P., Mayne, P., Crowe, J., Genetic hemochromatosis, a Celtic disease: Is it now time for population screening? (2001) Genet Test, 5, pp. 127-130; Niederau, C., Strohmeyer, G., Strategies for early diagnosis of haemochromatosis (2002) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14, pp. 217-221; Witte, D.L., Crosby, W.H., Edwards, C.Q., Fairbanks, V.F., Mitros, F.A., Practice guideline development task force of the College of American Pathologists. Hereditary hemochromatosis (1996) Clin Chim Acta, 245, pp. 139-200; Beaudl, Making genomic medicine a reality (1999) Am J Hum Genet, 64, pp. 1-13; Humphries, S.E., Ridker, P.M., Talmud, P.J., Genetic testing for cardiovascular disease susceptibility: A useful clinical management tool or possible misinformation? (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, pp. 628-636; Eby, N., Chang-Claude, J., Bishop, D.T., Familial risk and genetic susceptibility for breast cancer (1994) Cancer Causes Control, 5, pp. 458-470; Antoniou, A., Pharoah, P.D., Narod, S., Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: A combined analysis of 22 studies (2003) Am J Hum Genet, 72, pp. 1117-1130; Griffith, G.L., Edwards, R.T., Gray, J., Estimating the survival benefits gained from providing national cancer genetic services to women with a family history of breast cancer (2004) Br J Cancer, 90, pp. 1912-1919; Eccles, D.M., Hereditary cancer: Guidelines in clinical practice. Breast and ovarian cancer genetics (2004) Ann Oncol, 15 (4 SUPPL.), pp. 133-138; McLeod, H.L., Krynetski, E.Y., Relling, M.V., Evans, W.E., Genetic polymorphisms of TPMT and its clinical relevance for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (2000) Leukemia, 14, pp. 567-662; McCarthy, T.V., Quane, K.A., Lynch, P.J., Ryanodine receptor mutations in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease (2000) Hum Mutat, 15, pp. 410-417; Vineis, P., Schulte, P.A., Scientific and ethical aspects of genetic screening of workers for cancer risk: The case of the N acetyltransferase phenotype (1995) J Clin Epidemiol, 48, pp. 189-197; Haga, S.B., Khoury, M.J., Burke, W., Genomic profiling to promote a healthy lifestyle: Not ready for prime time (2003) Nat Genet, 34, pp. 347-350; Klerk, M., Verhoef, P., Clarke, R., MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease. a meta-analysis (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 2023-2031; Scheuner, M.T., Genetic evaluation for coronary artery disease (2003) Genet Med, 5, pp. 269-285; Lewis, S.J., Ebrahim, S., Davey, G., Smith Meta-analysis of MTHFR 677C→ T polymorphism and coronary heart disease: Does the totality of evidence support causal role for homocysteine and preventive potential of folate? BMJ, , (in press); Dekou, V., Whincup, P., Papacosta, O., The effect of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene on homocysteine levels in elderly men and women from the British Regional Heart Study (2001) Atheroslcerosis, 154, pp. 659-666; Ebrahim, S., Montaner, D., Lawlor, D.A., Clustering of risk factors and social class in childhood and adulthood in British women's heart and health study: Cross sectional analysis (2004) BMJ, 328, p. 861; Khoury, M.J., Yang, Q., Gwinn, M., Little, J., Dana Flanders, W., An epidemiologic assessment of genomic profiling for measuring susceptibility to common diseases and targeting interventions (2004) Genet Med, 6, pp. 38-47; Yoon, P.W., Scheuner, M.T., Peterson-Oehlke, K.L., Gwinn, M., Faucett, A., Khoury, M.J., Can family history be used as a tool for public health and preventive medicine? (2002) Genet Med, 4, pp. 304-310; Guttmacher, A.E., Collins, F.S., Carmona, R.H., The family history: More important than ever (2004) N Engl J Med, 351, pp. 2333-2336; Workman, P., The opportunities and challenges of personalized genome-based molecular therapies for cancer: Targets, technologies, and molecular chaperones (2003) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 52 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 45-S56; Kalow, W., Pharmacogenetics and personalised medicine (2002) Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 16, pp. 337-342; Oscarson, M., Pharmacogenetics of drug metabolising enzymes: Importance for personalised medicine (2003) Clin Chem Lab Med, 41, pp. 573-580; Goldstein, D.B., Tate, S.K., Sisodiya, S.M., Pharmacogenetics goes genomic (2003) Nat Rev Genet, 4, pp. 937-947; Kajinami, K., Takekoshi, N., Brousseau, M.E., Schaefer, E.J., Pharmacogenetics of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: Exploring the potential for genotype-based individualization of coronary heart disease management (2004) Atherosclerosis, 177, pp. 219-234; Chasman, D.I., Posada, D., Subrahmanyan, L., Cook, N.R., Stanton Jr., V.P., Ridker, P.M., Pharmacogenetic study of statin therapy and cholesterol reduction (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 2821-2827; Taubes, G., Epidemiology faces its limits (1995) Science, 269, pp. 164-169; Davey Smith, G., Reflections on the limitations to epidemiology (2001) J Clin Epidemiol, 54, pp. 325-331; Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: A quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence (1991) Prev Med, 20, pp. 47-63; Petitti, D., Commentary: Hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease - Four lessons (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 461-463; Willett, W.C., Vitamin a and lung cancer (1990) Nutrition Rev, 48, pp. 201-211; The effect of vitamin e and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers (1994) N Engl J Med, 330, pp. 1029-1035. , Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group; Khaw, K.-T., Bingham, S., Welch, A., Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: A prospective population study (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 657-663; MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20 536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 23-33. , Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group; Lawlor, D.A., Ness, A.R., Commentary: The rough world of nutritional epidemiology - Does dietary fibre prevent large bowel cancer? (2003) Int J Epidemiol, 32, pp. 239-243; Rimm, E.B., Stampfer, M.J., Ascherio, A., Giovannucci, E., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Vitamin e consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men (1993) N Engl J Med, 328, pp. 1450-1456; Shekelle, P.G., Morton, S.C., Jungvig, L.K., Effect of supplemental vitamin e for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (2004) J Gen Intern Med, 19, pp. 380-389; Mendel, G., Experiments in Plant Hybridization, , http://www.mendelweb.org/archive/Mendel.Experiments.txt; Correns, C., G. Mendel's Regel über das Verhalten der Nachkommenschaft der Bastarde (1900) Berich Deutsch Botan Gesells, 8, pp. 158-168; Gray, R., Wheatley, K., How to avoid bias when comparing bone marrow transplantation with chemotherapy (1991) Bone Marrow Transplant, 7 (3 SUPPL.), pp. 9-12; Wheatley, K., Gray, R., Commentary: Mendelian randomization - An update on its use to evaluate allogeneic stem cell transplantation in leukaemia (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 15-17; Birge, S.J., Keutmann, H.T., Cuatrecasas, P., Whedon, G.D., Osteoporosis, intestinal lactase deficiency and low dietary calcium intake (1967) N Engl J Med, 276, pp. 445-448; Newcomer, A.D., Hodgson, S.F., Douglas, M.D., Thomas, P.J., Lactase deficiency: Prevalence in osteoporosis (1978) Ann Intern Med, 89, pp. 218-220; Lower, G.M., Nilsson, T., Nelson, C.E., N-acetylransferase phenotype and risk in urinary bladder cancer: Approaches in molecular epidemiology (1979) Env Health Perspec, 29, pp. 71-79; McGrath, J., Hypothesis: Is low prenatal vitamin D a risk-modifying factor for schizophrenia? (1999) Schiz Res, 40, pp. 173-177; Ames, B.N., Cancer prevention and diet: Help from single nucleotide polymorphisms (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, pp. 12216-12218; Rothman, N., Wacholder, S., Caporaso, N.E., Garcia-Closas, M., Buetow, K., Fraumeni, J.F., The use of common genetic polymorphisms to enhance the epidemiologic study of environmental carcinogens (2001) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1471, pp. 1-C10; Brennan, P., Gene environment interaction and aetiology of cancer: What does it mean and how can we measure it? (2002) Carcinogenesis, 23, pp. 381-387; Kelada, S.N., Eaton, D.L., Wang, S.S., Rothman, N.R., Khoury, M.J., The role of genetic polymorphisms in environmental health (2003) Env Health Perspect, 111, pp. 1055-1064; Katan, M.B., Apoliopoprotein e isoforms, serum cholesterol, and cancer (1986) Lancet, 327, pp. 507-508; Honkanen, R., Pulkkinen, P., Järvinen, R., Does lactose intolerance predispose to low bone density? a population-based study of perimenopausal Finnish women (1996) Bone, 19, pp. 23-28; Thomas, D.C., Conti, D.V., Commentary on the concept of "mendelian Randomization" (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 17-21; Palmer, L.J., Cardon, L.R., Shaking the tree: Mapping complex disease genes with linkage disequilibrium (2005) Lancet, 366, pp. 1223-1234; Davey Smith, G., Lawlor, D., Harbord, R., Association of C-reactive protein with blood pressure and hypertension: Lifecourse confounding and Mendelian randomisation tests of causality (2005) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 25, pp. 1051-1056; Buchsbaum, D.G., Welsh, J., Buchanan, R.G., Elswick Jr., R.K., Screening for drinking problems by patient self-report. even 'safe' levels may indicate a problem (1995) Arch Intern Med, 155, pp. 104-108; Fuller, R.K., Lee, K.K., Gordis, E., Validity of self-report in alcoholism research: Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study (1998) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 12, pp. 201-205; Lewis, S., Davey Smith, G., Alcohol, ALDH2 and esophageal cancer: A meta-analysis which illustrates the potentials and limitations of a Mendelian randomisation approach (2005) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 14, pp. 1967-1971; Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., What can mendelian randomisation tell us about modifiable behavioural and environmental exposures? (2005) BMJ, 330, pp. 1076-1079; Little, J., Khoury, M.J., Mendelian randomisation: A new spin or real progress? (2003) Lancet, 362, pp. 930-931; Colhoun, H., McKeigue, P.M., Davey Smith, G., Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 865-872; Eck, P., Erichsen, H.C., Taylor, J.G., Comparison of the genomic structure and variation in the two human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters, SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 (2004) Hum Genet, 115, pp. 285-294; Waddington, C.H., Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characteristics (1942) Nature, 150, pp. 563-565; Wilkins, A.S., Canalization: A molecular genetic perspective (1997) BioEssays, 19, pp. 257-262; Hartman, J.L., Garvik, B., Hartwell, L., Principles for the buffering of genetic variation (2001) Science, 291, pp. 1001-1004; Juul, K., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., Marklund, S., Genetically reduced antioxidative protection and increased ischaemic heart disease risk: The Copenhagen city heart study (2004) Circulation, 109, pp. 59-65; Silverman, E.K., Palmer, L.J., Case-control association studies for the genetics of complex respiratory diseases (2000) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 22, pp. 645-648; Cardon, L.R., Bell, J.I., Association study designs for complex diseases (2001) Nat Rev Genet, 2, pp. 91-99; Dahlman, I., Eaves, I.A., Kosoy, R., Parameters for reliable results in genetic association studies in common disease (2002) Nat Genet, 30, pp. 149-150; Goldstein, D.B., Ahmadi, K.R., Weale, M.E., Wood, N.W., Genome scans and candidate gene approaches in the study of common diseases and variable drug responses (2003) Trends Genet, 19, pp. 615-622; Terwilliger, J.D., Goring, H.H., Gene mapping in the 20th and 21st centuries: Statistical methods, data analysis, and experimental design (2000) Hum Biol, 72, pp. 63-132; Weiss, K.M., Terwilliger, J.D., How many diseases does it take to map a gene with SNPs? (2000) Nat Genet, 26, pp. 151-157; Ioannidis, J.P., Ntzani, E.E., Trikalinos, T.A., Contopoulos-Ioaniddis, D.G., Replication validity of genetic association studies (2001) Nat Genet, 29, pp. 306-309; Tabor, H.K., Risch, N.J., Myers, R.M., Opinion: Candidate-gene approaches for studying complex genetic traits: Practical considerations (2002) Nat Rev Genet, 3, pp. 391-397; Lohmueller, K.E., Pearce, C.L., Pike, M., Lander, E.S., Hirschhorn, J.N., Meta-analysis of genetic association studies supports a contribution of common variants to susceptibility to common disease (2003) Nat Genet, 33, pp. 177-182; Risch, N.J., Searching for genetic determinants in the new millennium (2000) Nature, 405, pp. 847-856; Goring, H.H., Terwilliger, J.D., Blangero, J., Large upward bias in estimation of locus-specific effects from genomewide scans (2001) Am J Hum Genet, 69, pp. 1357-1369; Goldstein, D.B., Tate, S.K., Sisodiya, S.M., Pharmacogenetics goes genomic (2003) Nat Rev Genet, 4, pp. 937-947; Husebekk, A., Iversen, O.-J., Langmark, F., Laerum, O.D., Ottersen, O.P., Stoltenberg, C., (2003) Biobanks for Health - Report and Recommendations from An EU Workshop, , Oslo: Technical report to EU Commission; Burton, P.R., Hansell, A., UK Biobank: The expected distribution of incident and prevalent cases of chronic disease and the statistical power of nested case control studies (2005) UK Biobank Technical Reports, , Manchester, UK; Collins, F.S., The case for a US prospective cohort study of genes and environment (2004) Nature, 429, pp. 475-477; Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M., (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the End of the Century, , Institute of Education Bedford Way Papers London; Highfield, R., (2004) Daily Telegraph (London), p. 8; Rothman, K., Greenland, S., Case-control studies (1998) Modern Epidemiology, pp. 93-114. , K. Rothman S. Greenland Second Edition Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia; Burton, P.R., Hansell, A., UK Biobank: The expected distribution of incident and prevalent cases of chronic disease and the statistical power of nested casecontrol studies (2005) UK Biobank Technical Reports, , Manchester, UK:; National Child Development Study, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/studies.asp?section=000100020003, Centre for Longitudinal Studies; Clarke, R., Breeze, E., Sherliker, P., Design, objectives, and lessons from a pilot 25 year follow up re-survey of survivors in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 364-369; Collins, F.S., The case for a US prospective cohort study of genes and environment (2004) Nature, 429, pp. 475-477; Roses, A.D., Pharmacogenetics (2001) Hum Mol Genet, 10, pp. 2261-2267; Gormally, E., Hainaut, P., Caboux, E., Amount of DNA in plasma and cancer risk: A prospective study (2004) Int J Cancer, 111, pp. 746-749; Khoury, M.J., Millikan, R., Little, J., Gwinn, M., The emergence of epidemiology in the genomics age (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 936-944; Burke, W., Genomics as a probe for disease biology (2003) N Engl J Med, 349, pp. 969-974; Khoury, M.J., McCabe, L.L., McCabe, E.R., Population screening in the age of genomic medicine (2003) N Engl J Med, 348, pp. 50-58; Merikangas, K.R., Risch, N., Genomic priorities and public health (2003) Science, 302, pp. 599-601; Shostak, S., Locating gene-environment interaction: At the intersections of genetics and public health (2003) Soc Sci Med, 56, pp. 2327-2342; Israel, E., Chinchilli, V.M., Ford, J.G., Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: Genotype-stratified, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 1505-1512; Rosenberg, R.N., Translating biomedical research to the bedside (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 1305-1306; Khoury, M.J., Millikan, R., Little, J., Gwinn, M., The emergence of epidemiology in the genomics age (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 936-944; Risch, N., Merikangas, K., The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases (1996) Science, 273, pp. 1516-1517 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26944437969&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2805%2967601-5&partnerID=40&md5=1c088e2a07852df8a05f21879cd8dd2f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical activity, television viewing and body mass index: A cross-sectional analysis from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British cohort T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1212 EP - 1221 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802932 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, POB 12272, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between frequency of physical activity or television viewing and body mass index (BMI) cross-sectionally at six ages from childhood to adulthood, to better understand longitudinal relationships. To investigate how the relationships vary with age and gender and whether any relationships are due to confounding factors. METHODS: The 1958 British birth cohort includes all births (approximately 17 000) in one week in March 1958. BMI and physical activity frequency were recorded at 11, 16, 23, 33 and 42y and television viewing frequency at 11, 16 and 23y. A total of 11 109 subjects provided BMI and activity data at 42y. Relationships between BMI and (in)activity were investigated using linear regression. RESULTS: At ages 11, 33 and 42y in both sexes and at 23y in female subjects, those who were more active had lower BMIs, and the relationships strengthened with age. At 42y, the most active had a lower mean BMI than the least active, by 0.83 kg/m 2 in men, and 1.03 kg/m 2 in women. BMI and activity were unrelated at 16y in female subjects, and 23y in male subjects. At 16y in males, the most active males had a mean BMI 0.25 kg/m 2 higher than the least active. At 11y in female subjects and 23y in both sexes, those who watched television most frequently had higher BMIs. BMI and television viewing were unrelated at 11y in males and at 16y in both sexes. Relationships between BMI and activity or television viewing were largely unexplained by potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between BMI and physical activity changes with age. In early adolescence and in adulthood, a higher activity level, or lower frequency of television viewing was associated with a lower BMI. In later adolescence (16y), television viewing and activity were unrelated to BMI, except for an unexpected BMI-activity relationship in males. We suspect this relationship in males is primarily due to selection effects, whereby physically bigger boys, with a larger BMI, are more likely to take part in exercise activity, and possibly also to BMI being a less accurate predictor of fatness in adolescent boys. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Adulthood KW - Childhood KW - Cohort studies KW - Physical activity KW - Television KW - adolescent health KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - article KW - body mass KW - body size KW - child health KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - linear regression analysis KW - male KW - physical activity KW - priority journal KW - sample size KW - sex difference KW - sex ratio KW - sitting KW - television KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Television N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15917865 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parsons, T.J.; Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom; email: t.parsons@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Fogelholm, M., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., Does physical activity prevent weight gain-a systematic review (2000) Obes Rev, 1, pp. 95-111; Andersen, R.E., Crespo, C.J., Bartlett, S.J., Cheskin, L.J., Pratt, M., Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998) JAMA, 279, pp. 938-942; Kronenberg, F., Pereira, M.A., Schmitz, M.K., Arnett, D.K., Evenson, K.R., Crapo, R.O., Jensen, R.E., Hunt, S.C., Influence of leisure time physical activity and television watching on atherosclerosis risk factors in the NHLBI Family Heart Study (2000) Atherosclerosis, 153, pp. 433-443; Goran, M.I., Shewchuk, R., Gower, B.A., Nagy, T.R., Carpenter, W.H., Johnson, R.K., Longitudinal changes in fatness in white children: No effect of childhood energy expenditure (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 309-316; (1999) Health Survey for England: Cardiovascular Disease '98, , http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/survey98/hse98. htm, The Stationary Office, London; Anderssen, N., Jacobs, D.R., Sidney, S., Bild, D.E., Sternfeld, B., Slattery, M.L., Hannan, P., Change and secular trends in physical activity patterns in young adults: A seven-year longitudinal follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 351-362; Raitakari, O.T., Porkka, K.V., Taimela, S., Telama, R., Rasanen, E., Viikari, J.S., Effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 195-205; Erlichman, J., Kerbey, A.E., James, W.P., Physical activity and its impact on health outcomes. Paper 2: Prevention of unhealthy weight gain and obesity by physical activity: An analysis of the evidence (2002) Obes Rev, 3, pp. 273-287; (1998) Health Survey for England: The Health of Young People '95-97, , http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/survey97/hse95. htm, The Stationary Office, London; Kemper, H.C., Post, G.B., Twisk, J.W., Van Mechelen, W., Lifestyle and obesity in adolescence and young adulthood: Results from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS) (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (3 SUPPL.), pp. S34-S40; (2001) Social Trends 31, , http://www.statistics.gov.uk/products/p5748.asp, The Stationary Office, London; Wake, M., Hesketh, K., Waters, E., Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children (2003) J Paediatr Child Health, 39, pp. 130-134; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau: London; Lake, J.K., (1998) Body Size in Child and Adulthood: Implications for Adult Health, , UCL, University of London: London; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 12, pp. 445-453; Parsons, T.J., Manor, O., Power, C., Changes in diet and physical activity in the 1990s in a large British sample (1958 birth cohort) (2005) Eur J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 49-56; Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; Sallis, J.F., Prochaska, J.J., Taylor, W.C., A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents (2000) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, pp. 963-975; Saris, W.H., Blair, S.N., Van Baak, M.A., Eaton, S.B., Davies, P.S., Di Pietro, L., Fogelholm, M., Wyatt, H., How much physical activity is enough to prevent unhealthy weight gain? Outcome of the IASO 1st Stock Conference and consensus statement (2003) Obes Rev, 4, pp. 101-114; Field, A.E., Manson, J.E., Taylor, C.B., Willett, W.C., Colditz, G.A., Association of weight change, weight control practices, and weight cycling among women in the Nurses' Health Study II (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, pp. 1134-1142; Uitenbroek, D.G., McShane, D.P., Leisure time physical activity in Scotland: Trends 1987-1991 and the effect of question wording (1992) Soz Praventivmed, 37, pp. 113-117; (1992) A Report on Activity Patterns and Fitness Levels, , Sports Council and Health Education Authority: London; Jacobs, D.R., Hahn, L.P., Folsom, A.R., Hannan, P.J., Sprafka, J.M., Burke, G.L., Time trends in leisure-time physical activity in the upper midwest 1957-1987: University of Minnesota studies (1991) Epidemiology, 2, pp. 8-15; Malina, R.M., Physical growth and biological maturation of young athletes (1994) Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 22, pp. 389-433; Brewer, J., Balsom, P.D., Davis, J.A., Seasonal birth distribution amongst European soccer players (1995) Sports, Exerc Injury, 1, pp. 154-157; Simmons, C., Paull, G.C., Season-of-birth bias in association football (2001) J Sports Sci, 19, pp. 677-686; Post, G.B., Kemper, H.C., Nutrient intake and biological maturation during adolescence. The Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study (1993) Eur J Clin Nutr, 47, pp. 400-408; Armstrong, N., School sport and competition: Sports physiology (1999) Perspectives, 1, pp. 85-98; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (8 SUPPL.), pp. S1-S107; Berkey, C.S., Rockett, H.R., Field, A.E., Gillman, M.W., Frazier, A.L., Camargo, C.A.J., Colditz, G.A., Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. E56; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., Child to adult socioeconomic conditions and obesity in a national cohort (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1081-1086; Crespo, C.J., Ainsworth, B.E., Keteyian, S.J., Heath, G.W., Smit, E., Prevalence of physical inactivity and its relation to social class in U.S. adults: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, pp. 1821-1827; Lindquist, C.H., Reynolds, K.D., Goran, M.I., Sociocultural determinants of physical activity among children (1999) Prev Med, 29, pp. 305-312; Salmon, J., Bauman, A., Crawford, D., Timperio, A., Owen, N., The association between television viewing and overweight among Australian adults participating in varying levels of leisure-time physical activity (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 600-606; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Sobol, A.M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G.A., Dietz, W.H., Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990 (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150, pp. 356-362; Sidney, S., Sternfeld, B., Haskell, W.L., Jacobs Jr., D.R., Chesney, M.A., Hulley, S.B., Television viewing and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: The CARDIA study (1996) Ann Epidemiol, 6, pp. 154-159; Crawford, D.A., Jeffery, R.W., French, S.A., Television viewing, physical inactivity and obesity (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 437-440 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30544437366&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802932&partnerID=40&md5=a1d55cd1312e3fb587de7a12210e5d22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Longitudinal analysis of the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on subsequent smoking behavior of offspring T2 - Nicotine and Tobacco Research J2 - Nicotine Tob. Res. VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 801 EP - 808 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/14622200500262840 SN - 14622203 (ISSN) AU - Roberts, K.H. AU - Munafò, M.R. AU - Rodriguez, D. AU - Drury, M. AU - Murphy, M.F.G. AU - Neale, R.E. AU - Nettle, D. AD - Cancer Research UK, General Practice Research Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom AD - Tobacco Use Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Childhood Cancer Research Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Population Studies and Human Genetics, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - Division of Psychology, Brain and Behavior, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom AB - We explored the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the likelihood of smoking among offspring in adolescence and adulthood using data from two similar British birth cohort surveys, the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Survey. Similar information was available in each cohort on maternal age at delivery, offspring sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental and offspring socioeconomic status, and parental smoking at the time offspring smoking was assessed at age 16 years. Offspring smoking at 16 years and at 30/33 years were the primary outcomes of interest. Our data support an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and an increased risk of offspring smoking later in life among female offspring but not among male offspring. Female offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to smoke at 16 years than were their male counterparts. Moreover, in this same subgroup, female offspring smoking at 16 years was associated with an increased likelihood of smoking at 30/33 years. Further investigation in larger studies with greater detail of factors shaping smoking in childhood and adulthood and biochemically verified outcome measures would be desirable to clarify the relationship. © 2005 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. KW - nicotine KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child development KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - delivery KW - female KW - gender KW - health behavior KW - health survey KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - maternal age KW - maternal behavior KW - outcomes research KW - parental behavior KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - social status KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Ganglionic Stimulants KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Nicotine KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NTREF C2 - 16191751 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Munafò, M.R.; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom; email: marcus.munafo@bris.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: nicotine, 54-11-5; Ganglionic Stimulants; Nicotine, 54-11-5 N1 - References: Abreu-Villaça, Y., Seidler, F.J., Slotkin, T.A., Does prenatal nicotine exposure sensitize the brain to nicotine-induced neurotoxicity in adolescence? (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, pp. 1440-1450; Abreu-Villaça, Y., Seidler, F.J., Tate, C.A., Cousins, M.M., Slotkin, T.A., Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the response to nicotine administration in adolescence: Effects on cholinergic systems during exposure and withdrawal (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, pp. 879-890; Bell, G.L., Lau, K., Perinatal and neonatal issues of substance abuse (1995) Pediatric Clinics of North America, 42, pp. 261-281; Brook, J.S., Brook, D.W., Whiteman, M., The influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the toddler's negativity (2000) Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, pp. 381-385; Buka, S.L., Shenassa, E.D., Niaura, R., Elevated risk of tobacco dependence among offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy: A 30-year prospective study (2003) American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, pp. 1978-1984; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-574; Cnattingius, S., Lindmark, G., Meirik, O., Who continues to smoke while pregnant? (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 218-221; Conrad, K.M., Flay, B.R., Hill, D., Why children start smoking cigarettes: Predictors of onset (1992) British Journal of Addiction, 87, pp. 1711-1724; Cornelius, M.D., Leech, S.L., Goldschmidt, L., Day, N.L., Prenatal tobacco exposure: Is it a risk factor for early tobacco experimentation? (2000) Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2, pp. 45-52; Day, N.L., Richardson, G., Goldschmidt, L., Cornelius, M., Effects of prenatal tobacco exposure on preschoolers' behaviour (2000) Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 21, pp. 180-188; DiFranza, J.R., Lew, R.A., Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden death syndrome (1995) Journal of Family Practice, 40, pp. 385-394; Dunn, H.G., McBurney, A.K., Cigarette smoking and the fetus and child (1977) Pediatrics, 60, p. 772; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., Maternal smoking before and after pregnancy: Effects on behavioural outcomes in middle childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 815-822; Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Horwood, L.J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 721-727; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Differential effects of cognitive functioning in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (1988) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 20, pp. 293-306; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Siegel, L.S., Reading and language in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (1997) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 19, pp. 171-183; Griesler, P.C., Kandel, D.B., Davies, M., Maternal smoking in pregnancy, child behaviour problems, and adolescent smoking (1988) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, pp. 159-185; Heath, A.C., Martin, N.G., Lynskey, M.T., Todorov, A.A., Madden, P.A., Two-stage models for genetic influences on alcohol, tobacco or drug use initiation and dependence vulnerability in twin and family data (2002) Twin Research, 5, pp. 113-124; Kandel, D.B., Udry, R.J., Prenatal effects of maternal smoking on daughters' smoking: Nicotine or testosterone exposure? (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 1377-1383; Kandel, D.B., Wu, P., Davies, M., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters (1994) American Journal of Public Health, 84, pp. 1407-1413; Kardia, S.L.R., Pomerleau, C.S., Rosek, L.S., Marks, J.L., Association of parental smoking history with nicotine dependence, smoking rate, and psychological cofactors in adult smokers (2002) Addictive Behaviors, 870, pp. 1-6; Muthén, L.K., Muthén, B.O., (2004) MPlus User's Guide, , (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author; Naeye, R.L., Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus and placenta (1978) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 85, pp. 732-737; Olds, D.L., Henderson, C.R., Tatelbaum, R., Intellectual impairment in children of women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy (1994) Pediatrics, 93, pp. 221-227; O'Loughlin, J., Paradis, G., Renaud, L., Gomez, L.S., One-year predictors of smoking initiation and of continued smoking among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighbourhoods (1998) Tobacco Control, 7, pp. 268-275; Oncken, C., McKee, S., Krishnan-Sarin, S., O'Malley, S., Mazure, C., Gender effects of reported in utero tobacco exposure on smoking initiation, progression and nicotine dependence in adult offspring (2004) Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, pp. 829-833; (1996) General Household Survey 1996, , Office for National Statistics. London: HMSO; (2002) General Household Survey 2002, , Office for National Statistics. London: HMSO; Osler, M., Clausen, J., Ibsen, K.K., Jensen, G., Maternal smoking during childhood and increased risk of smoking in young adulthood (1995) International Journal of Epidemiology, 24, pp. 710-714; (2000) Infant Feeding Survey, , U.K. Department of Health London: HMSO; Statistics on smoking: England, 1976 to 1996 (2003) Statistical Bulletin, 25, pp. 1-43. , U.K. Department of Health; Wald, N., Nicolaides-Bouman, A., (1991) UK Smoking Statistics, , (2nd ed.). Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28244480733&doi=10.1080%2f14622200500262840&partnerID=40&md5=0d18582abf4f83ae4c65d992dfd4ddc9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: A longitudinal cohort study T2 - Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases J2 - Ann. Rheum. Dis. VL - 64 IS - 10 SP - 1451 EP - 1455 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/ard.2004.033761 SN - 00034967 (ISSN) AU - Hakoda, M. AU - Oiwa, H. AU - Kasagi, F. AU - Masunari, N. AU - Yamada, M. AU - Suzuki, G. AU - Fujiwara, S. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Japan AD - Department of Respiratory Diseases, National Hiroshima Hospital, 513 Jike, Hiroshima 739-0041, Japan AB - Objective: To determine the mortality risk of Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis, taking into account lifestyle and physical factors, including comorbidity. Methods: 91 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis were identified during screening a cohort of 16 119 Japanese atomic bomb survivors in the period 1958 to 1966. These individuals and the remainder of the cohort were followed for mortality until 1999. Mortality risk of the rheumatoid patients was estimated by the Cox proportional hazards model. In addition to age and sex, lifestyle and physical factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, and comorbidity were included as adjustment factors for the analysis of total mortality and for analysis of mortality from each cause of death. Results: 83 of the rheumatoid patients (91.2%) and 8527 of the non-rheumatoid controls (52.9%) died during mean follow up periods of 17.8 and 28.0 years, respectively. The age and sex adjusted hazard ratio for mortality in the rheumatoid patients was 1.60 (95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.99), p<0.001. Multiple adjustments, including for lifestyle and physical factors, resulted in a similar mortality hazard ratio of 1.57 (1.25 to 1.94), p<0.001. Although mortality risk tended to be higher in male than in female rheumatoid patients, the difference was not significant. Pneumonia, tuberculosis, and liver disease were significantly increased as causes of death in rheumatoid patients. Conclusions: Rheumatoid arthritis is an independent risk factor for mortality. Infectious events are associated with increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. KW - adult KW - article KW - atomic bomb survivor KW - cause of death KW - cohort analysis KW - comorbidity KW - confidence interval KW - female KW - follow up KW - hazard assessment KW - human KW - Japan KW - lifestyle KW - liver disease KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - mortality KW - pneumonia KW - priority journal KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - risk factor KW - tuberculosis KW - epidemiology KW - Japan KW - middle aged KW - mortality KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - Adult KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid KW - Cause of Death KW - Comorbidity KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Middle Aged N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ARDIA C2 - 15878908 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hakoda, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: hakoda@rerf.or.jp N1 - References: Cobb, S., Anderson, F., Bauer, W., Length of life and cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (1953) N Engl J Med, 249, pp. 553-556; Duthie, J.J., Brown, P.E., Truelove, L.H., Baragar, F.D., Lawrie, A.J., Course and prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis. A further report (1964) Ann Rheum Dis, 23, pp. 193-204; Uddin, J., Kraus, A.S., Kelly, H.G., Survivorship and death in rheumatoid arthritis (1970) Arthritis Rheum, 13, pp. 125-130; Isomaki, H.A., Mutru, O., Koota, K., Death rate and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1975) Scand J Rheumatol, 4, pp. 205-208; Monson, R.R., Hall, A.P., Mortality among arthritics (1976) J Chronic Dis, 29, pp. 459-467; Lewis, P., Hazleman, B.L., Hanka, R., Roberts, S., Cause of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with particular reference to azathioprine (1980) Ann Rheum Dis, 39, pp. 457-461; Allebeck, P., Ahlbom, A., Allander, E., Increased mortality among persons with rheumatoid arthritis, but where RA does not appear on death certificate. Eleven-year follow-up of an epidemiological study (1981) Scand J Rheumatol, 10, pp. 301-306; Allebeck, P., Increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (1982) Scand J Rheumatol, 11, pp. 81-86; Prior, P., Symmons, D.P., Scott, D.L., Brown, R., Hawkins, C.F., Cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (1984) Br J Rheumatol, 23, pp. 92-99; Pincus, T., Callahan, L.F., Sale, W.G., Brooks, A.L., Payne, L.E., Vaughn, W.K., Severe functional declines, work disability, and increased mortality in seventy-five rheumatoid arthritis patients studied over nine years (1984) Arthritis Rheum, 27, pp. 864-872; Mutru, O., Laakso, M., Isomaki, H., Koota, K., Ten year mortality and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1985) BMJ (Clin Res), 290, pp. 1797-1799; Mitchell, D.M., Spitz, P.W., Young, D.Y., Bloch, D.A., McShane, D.J., Fries, J.F., Survival, prognosis, and causes of death in rheumatoid arthritis (1986) Arthritis Rheum, 29, pp. 706-714; Reilly, P.A., Cosh, J.A., Maddison, P.J., Rasker, J.J., Silman, A.J., Mortality and survival in rheumatoid arthritis: A 25 year prospective study of 100 patients (1990) Ann Rheum Dis, 49, pp. 363-369; Jacobsson, L.T., Knowler, W.C., Pillemer, S., Hanson, R.L., Pettitt, D.J., Nelson, R.G., Rheumatoid arthritis and mortality. A longitudinal study in Pima Indians (1993) Arthritis Rheum, 36, pp. 1045-1053; Wolfe, F., Mitchell, D.M., Sibley, J.T., Fries, J.F., Bloch, D.A., Williams, C.A., The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis (1994) Arthritis Rheum, 37, pp. 481-494; Wallberg-Jonsson, S., Ohman, M.L., Dahlqvist, S.R., Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden (1997) J Rheumatol, 24, pp. 445-451; Symmons, D.P., Jones, M.A., Scott, D.L., Prior, P., Longterm mortality outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Early presenters continue to do well (1998) J Rheumatol, 25, pp. 1072-1077; Lindqvist, E., Eberhardt, K., Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease onset in the 1980s (1999) Ann Rheum Dis, 58, pp. 11-14; Sokka, T., Mottonen, T., Hannonen, P., Mortality in early "sawtooth" treated rheumatoid arthritis patients during the first 8-14 years (1999) Scand J Rheumatol, 28, pp. 282-287; Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: Have we made an impact in 4 decades? (1999) J Rheumatol, 26, pp. 2529-2533; Kvalvik, A.G., Jones, M.A., Symmons, D.P., Mortality in a cohort of Norwegian patients with rheumatoid arthritis followed from 1977 to 1992 (2000) Scand J Rheumatol, 29, pp. 29-37; Kroot, E.J., Van Leeuwen, M.A., Van Rijswijk, M.H., Prevoo, M.L., Van't Hof, M.A., Van De Putte, L.B., No increased mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Up to 10 years of follow up from disease onset (2000) Ann Rheum Dis, 59, pp. 954-958; Goodson, N.J., Wiles, N.J., Lunt, M., Barrett, E.M., Silman, A.J., Symmons, D.P., Mortality in early inflammatory polyarthritis: Cardiovascular mortality is increased in seropositive patients (2002) Arthritis Rheum, 46, pp. 2010-2019; Peltomaa, R., Paimela, L., Kautiainen, H., Leirisalo-Repo, M., Mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated actively from the time of diagnosis (2002) Ann Rheum Dis, 61, pp. 889-894; Mikuls, T.R., Saag, K.G., Criswell, L.A., Merlino, L.A., Kaslow, R.A., Shelton, B.J., Mortality risk associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a prospective cohort of older women: Results from the Iowa Women's Health Study (2002) Ann Rheum Dis, 61, pp. 994-999; Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., Kremers, H.M., Doran, M.F., Turesson, C., O'Fallon, W.M., Survival in rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based analysis of trends over 40 years (2003) Arthritis Rheum, 48, pp. 54-58; Thomas, E., Symmons, D.P., Brewster, D.H., Black, R.J., Macfarlane, G.J., National study of cause-specific mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, and other rheumatic conditions: A 20 year followup study (2003) J Rheumatol, 30, pp. 958-965; Watson, D.J., Rhodes, T., Guess, H.A., All-cause mortality and vascular events among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or no arthritis in the UK General Practice Research Database (2003) J Rheumatol, 30, pp. 1196-1202; Minaur, N.J., Jacoby, R.K., Cosh, J.A., Taylor, G., Rasker, J.J., Outcome after 40 years with rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective study of function, disease activity, and mortality (2004) J Rheumatol Suppl, 69, pp. 3-8; Navarro-Cano, G., Del Rincon, I., Pogosian, S., Roldan, J.F., Escalante, A., Association of mortality with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis, independent of comorbidity (2003) Arthritis Rheum, 48, pp. 2425-2433; Beebe, G.W., Fujiwara, H., Yamasaki, M., Adult Health Study reference papers, A: Selection of the sample; B: Characteristics of the sample (1960) ABCC Technical Report 10-60, , Hiroshima: Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission; Kiellgren, J.H., Diagnostic criteria for population studies (1962) Bull Rheum Dis, 13, pp. 291-292; Wood, J.W., Kato, H., Johnson, K.G., Uda, Y., Russell, W.J., Duff, I.F., Rheumatoid arthritis in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics (1967) Arthritis Rheum, 10, pp. 21-31; Kato, H., Duff, I.F., Russell, W.J., Uda, Y., Hamilton, H.B., Kawamoto, S., Rheumatoid arthritis and gout in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. A prevalence and incidence study (1971) J Chronic Dis, 23, pp. 659-679; Roesch, W.C., (1987) Final Report on US-Japan Joint Reassessment of Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , Hiroshima: Radiation Effects Research Foundation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744442716&doi=10.1136%2fard.2004.033761&partnerID=40&md5=7fc901e84096c620274ce20802aa8256 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index T2 - Journal of Pediatrics J2 - J. Pediatr. VL - 147 IS - 4 SP - 429 EP - 435 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.05.005 SN - 00223476 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To examine the effects of duration, timing and type of television (TV) viewing at age 5 years on body mass index (BMI) in adult life. Study design and methods: 1970 British Birth Cohort, followed up at 5 (N = 13,135), 10 (N = 14,875), and 30 years (N = 11,261). Outcome measures: Weekday and weekend TV viewing at 5 years, type of programs, and maternal attitudes toward TV at age 5 years. BMI z-score at 10 and 30 years. Results: Mean daily hours of TV viewed at weekends predicted higher BMI z-score at 30 years (coefficient = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, P = .01) when adjusted for TV viewing and activity level at 10 years, sex, socioeconomic status, parental BMIs, and birth weight. Each additional hour of TV watched on weekends at 5 years increased risk of adult obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) by 7% (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13, P = .02). Weekday viewing, type of program and maternal attitudes to TV at 5 years were not independently associated with adult BMI z-score. Conclusions: Weekend TV viewing in early childhood continues to influence BMI in adulthood. Interventions to influence obesity by reducing sedentary behaviors40 must begin in early childhood. Interventions focusing on weekend TV viewing may be particularly effective. Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - follow up KW - human KW - maternal behavior KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - scoring system KW - sitting KW - social status KW - statistical analysis KW - television KW - Adult KW - Attitude KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child Rearing KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Social Class KW - Sports KW - Television KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :132 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOPDA C2 - 16227025 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: Health Foundation, Health Foundation N1 - Funding details: Mental Health Research UK, Mental Health Research UK N1 - Funding text: Russell Viner is part funded by a Fellowship from the Health Foundation, UK. N1 - References: Bassett, M.T., Perl, S., Obesity: The public health challenge of our time (2004) Am J Public Health, 94, p. 1477; Coon, K.A., Tucker, K.L., Television and children's consumption patterns. a review of the literature (2002) Minerva Pediatr, 54, pp. 423-436; Giammattei, J., Blix, G., Marshak, H.H., Wollitzer, A.O., Pettitt, D.J., Television watching and soft drink consumption: Associations with obesity in 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157, pp. 882-886; Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L.S., Popkin, B.M., Ethnic differences in physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight status (2002) Obes Res, 10, pp. 141-149; Crespo, C.J., Smit, E., Troiano, R.P., Bartlett, S.J., MacEra, C.A., Andersen, R.E., Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (2001) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155, pp. 360-365; Andersen, R.E., Crespo, C.J., Bartlett, S.J., Cheskin, L.J., Pratt, M., Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998) JAMA, 279, pp. 938-942; Dennison, B.A., Erb, T.A., Jenkins, P.L., Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 1028-1035; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Sobol, A.M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G.A., Dietz, W.H., Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990 (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150, pp. 356-362; Dietz Jr., W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; Proctor, M.H., Moore, L.L., Gao, D., Cupples, L.A., Bradlee, M.L., Hood, M.Y., Television viewing and change in body fat from preschool to early adolescence: The Framingham Children's Study (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 827-833; Kaur, H., Choi, W.S., Mayo, M.S., Harris, K.J., Duration of television watching is associated with increased body mass index (2003) J Pediatr, 143, pp. 506-511; Summerbell, C.D., Ashton, V., Campbell, K.J., Edmunds, L., Kelly, S., Waters, E., (2004) Interventions for Treating Obesity in Children (Cochrane Review). the Cochrane Library, Issue 2, , John Wiley & Sons Chichester, UK; Hancox, R.J., Milne, B.J., Poulton, R., Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: A longitudinal birth cohort study (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 257-262; Ludwig, D.S., Gortmaker, S.L., Programming obesity in childhood (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 226-227; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Pergamon Press Oxford; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., The design and conduct of the 1999-2000 surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. UK Data Archive (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper 1, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Creeser, R., Household Grid Variables in the Combined NCDS/BCS70 1999/2000 Data: Data Note 3 (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Data Note 3, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies; Jenkins, A., Makepeace, G., Appendix 7: Highest qualification (2002) NCDS/BCS70 1999-2000 Follow-ups: Guide to the Combined Dataset (Revised December 2002), pp. 138-A162. , J. Bynner N. Butler E. Ferri P. Shepherd K. Smith Centre for Longitudinal Studies London; Parsons, S., Appendix 5: Basic skills and other variables (2002) NCDS/BCS70 1999-2000 Follow-ups: Guide to the Combined Dataset (Revised December 2002), , J. Bynner N. Butler E. Ferri P. Shepherd K. Smith Centre for Longitudinal Studies London; Butler, N.R., Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., (2000) The 1970 British Birth Cohort Study: Ten Year Follow-up: A Guide to the BCS70 Ten-year Data Available at the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., Child to adult socioeconomic conditions and obesity in a national cohort (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1081-1086; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Sallis, J.F., Broyles, S.L., Frank-Spohrer, G., Berry, C.C., Davis, T.B., Nader, P.R., Child's home environment in relation to the mother's adiposity (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 190-197; Burdette, H.L., Whitaker, R.C., Kahn, R.S., Harvey-Berino, J., Association of maternal obesity and depressive symptoms with television-viewing time in low-income preschool children (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157, pp. 894-899; Wake, M., Hesketh, K., Waters, E., Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children (2003) J Paediatr Child Health, 39, pp. 130-134; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 758-764; Tremblay, M.S., Willms, J.D., Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1100-1105; American Academy of Pediatrics: Children, adolescents, and television (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 423-426; Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Morrison, C., Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of obesity from self reported height and weight in an adult Scottish population (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 143-148; Goodman, E., Strauss, R.S., Self-reported height and weight and the definition of obesity in epidemiological studies (2003) J Adolesc Health, 33, pp. 140-141; Matheson, D.M., Killen, J.D., Wang, Y., Varady, A., Robinson, T.N., Children's food consumption during television viewing (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 79, pp. 1088-1094; Kay, J.P., Alemzadeh, R., Langley, G., D'Angelo, L., Smith, P., Holshouser, S., Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents (2001) Metabolism, 50, pp. 1457-1461; Saelens, B.E., Sallis, J.F., Nader, P.R., Broyles, S.L., Berry, C.C., Taras, H.L., Home environmental influences on children's television watching from early to middle childhood (2002) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 23, pp. 127-132; Boynton-Jarrett, R., Thomas, T.N., Peterson, K.E., Wiecha, J., Sobol, A.M., Gortmaker, S.L., Impact of television viewing patterns on fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents (2003) Pediatrics, 112, pp. 1321-1326; Klesges, R.C., Shelton, M.L., Klesges, L.M., Effects of television on metabolic rate: Potential implications for childhood obesity (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 281-286; Borzekowski, D.L., Robinson, T.N., The 30-second effect: An experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers (2001) J Am Diet Assoc, 101, pp. 42-46; (2004) A Short History of British Television Advertising, , http://www.nmpft.org.uk/insight/downloads/ AShortHistoryOfBritishTelevisionAdvertising.asp, UK, National Museum of Photography, Film and Television; Robinson, T.N., Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1561-1567 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26844516301&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpeds.2005.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=416c6ed22805397c011cbf3c116a6ba1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - For Japanese children to have a strong and healthy future: The first issue, a preliminary research of Sukusuku-cohort in Mie T2 - IRYO - Japanese Journal of National Medical Services J2 - IRYO Jpn. J. Natl. Med. Serv. VL - 59 IS - 10 SP - 533 EP - 538 PY - 2005 SN - 00211699 (ISSN) AU - Yamamoto, H. AU - Tamaki, J. AU - Ohtani, N. AU - Obata, M. AU - Bonno, M. AU - Yamakawa, N. AU - Tanaka, S. AU - Ido, M. AB - In 2004, the Japan Science and Technology Agency started a mission-oriented research program to identify which factors influence the cognitive-behavioral development of children in Japan. As the regional center in Mie Prefecture we are undertaking this research in cooperation with the departments of health and welfare and the education authorities of local governments. The results of preliminary research carried out in Fiscal 2004 are reported in this manuscript. In the beginning of the research, the research structure and a committee to promote this mission were organized involving the local government and mother and child care centers. Secondly, a research room to observe child development was established on the basement floor of our medical center. There are an interview section, a waiting corner and a feeding room as well as an observation booth needed for research. Thirdly, symposia on the subject of "the pursuit of child development - the responsibilities of the 21st century" were held to deepen the comprehension of general citizens. The number of attendees at the Owase and Tsu symposia were 75 and 64 people, respectively. A lot of audience manifested interest in this research. Moreover, the recruitment of subjects for a pilot study was carried out as part of this preliminary research. Fifty-one percent of families with newborn infants were informed about this research and 29% of these informed subjects, in other words 15% of the total of families with newborns, consented to the research. It was necessary to inform more than three times as many families to secure a sufficient number of subjects for research. Improving the enrollment rate for the pilot study is a major challenge. KW - Children KW - Cognitive-behavioral development KW - Japan KW - Mission-oriented research program III KW - Sukusuku cohort study KW - child behavior KW - child development KW - cognition KW - day care KW - education KW - feeding KW - futurology KW - government KW - history of medicine KW - human KW - Japan KW - medical research KW - newborn care KW - observational method KW - pilot study KW - review KW - waiting room N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IRYOA LA - Japanese N1 - References: Kaiser, J., NIH launches controversial long term study of 100000 U.S. kids (2005) Science, 306, p. 1883; Plewis, I., Calderwood, L., Hawkes, L., (2004) National Child Development Study and 1970 British Cohort Study Technical Report. Changes in the NCDS and BCS70 Populations and Samples over Time; Nathan, G., A review of sample attrition and representativeness in three longitudinal surveys (1999) Government Statistical Service Methodology Series, 13; Japanese source; Yamamoto, H., Obata, M., Bonno, M., The features of immunological potential in neonates (2005) Recent Res Devel Haematol, 2, pp. 21-32 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29344440674&partnerID=40&md5=4e5d25c584d85d28028439133407d001 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anthropometric relationships between parents and children throughout childhood: The Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé Study T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1222 EP - 1229 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802920 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Heude, B. AU - Kettaneh, A. AU - Rakotovao, R. AU - Bresson, J.L. AU - Borys, J.M. AU - Ducimetière, P. AU - Charles, M.A. AD - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 258-IFR69, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France AD - INSERM CIC930 and Université Paris V, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France AD - Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Association, Laventie, France AD - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 258-IFR69, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 16, Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France AB - BACKGROUND: The study of parent-child anthropometric relationships and their evolution over time may help to better understand familial risk factors for childhood obesity. METHODS: In a population-based cohort of 124 nuclear families (Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé Study (FLVS) I and II), various anthropometric parameters were measured in both parents and their children, first when the children were prepubescent and again at the end of puberty. Troncular adiposity repartition was estimated by calculating troncular to peripheral skinfolds ratio and waist-to-hip circumferences ratio. Birth and infancy heights and weights were also obtained from the children's health booklets. Parent-child correlations were estimated in infancy, before and at the end of the child's puberty. A prospective analysis was performed to predict the changes in the children's measurements over puberty according to their parents' corresponding baseline values. RESULTS: BMI and weight correlations at birth were high (>0.30) with the mother and low (<0.10) with the father, then they converged to an intermediate level at 2 y and remained between 0.2 and 0.3 thereafter. Correlations for waist circumference were already present at the prepubertal period and persisted on the same level at the postpubertal period, whereas correlations for subcutaneous adiposity - measured by four skinfolds - and for adiposity distribution - measured by ratios - were higher at the postpubertal period. Moreover, the prospective approach showed that mother's BMI predicted the evolution of her children's BMI over puberty, whereas this relationship was observed more specifically with the father concerning adiposity distribution parameters. CONCLUSION: Maternal adiposity may act early in life on the adiposity of the child. Maternal and paternal adiposities seem to have quite distinct effects at two key periods of the child's adiposity development such as the prenatal and pubertal periods. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Birth weight KW - Body fat KW - Children KW - Familial correlation KW - Growth KW - Puberty KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - body fat distribution KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child KW - child health KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - obesity KW - parental attitude KW - population research KW - prediction KW - prepuberty KW - priority journal KW - puberty KW - skinfold thickness KW - subcutaneous fat KW - waist circumference KW - waist hip ratio KW - Adiposity KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Nuclear Family KW - Obesity KW - Pedigree KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15795752 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Heude, B.; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 258-IFR69, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 16, Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France; email: heude@vjf.inserm.fr N1 - References: Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Garn, S.M., Sullivan, T.V., Hawthorne, V.M., Fatness and obesity of the parents of obese individuals (1989) Am J Clin Nutr, 50, pp. 1308-1313; Bouchard, C., Pérusse, L., Rice, T., Rao, D.C., The genetics of human obesity (1998) Handbook of Obesity, pp. 157-190. , Bray GA, Bouchard C, James WPT (eds). Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York; Stunkard, A.J., Berkowitz, R.I., Stallings, V.A., Cater, J.R., Weights of parents and infants: Is there a relationship? (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 159-162; Bayley, N., Some increasing parent-child similarities during the growth of children (1954) J Educ Psychol, 45, pp. 1-21; Hewitt, D., Stewart, A., The Oxford Child Health Survey: A study of the influence of social and genetic factors on infant weight (1952) Hum Biol, 24, pp. 309-319; Garn, S.M., Pesick, S.D., Relationship between various maternal body mass measures and size of the newborn (1982) Am J Clin Nutr, 36, pp. 664-668; Whitaker, R.C., Deeks, C.M., Baughcum, A.E., Specker, B.L., The relationship of childhood adiposity to parent body mass index and eating behavior (2000) Obes Res, 8, pp. 234-240; Safer, D.L., Agras, W.S., Bryson, S., Hammer, L.D., Early body mass index and other anthropometric relationships between parents and children (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 1532-1536; Maynard, L.M., Wisemandle, W., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S.S., Siervogel, R.M., Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 344-350; Kaplowitz, H.J., Wild, K.A., Mueller, W.H., Decker, M., Tanner, J.M., Serial and parent-child changes in components of body fat distribution and fatness in children from the London Longitudinal Growth Study, ages two to eighteen years (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 739-758; Maillard, G., Charles, M.A., Lafay, L., Thibult, N., Vray, M., Borys, J.M., Basdevant, A., Romon, M., Macronutrient energy intake and adiposity in non obese prepubertal children aged 5-11 y (the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Sante Study) (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1608-1617; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Donner, A., Koval, J.J., A multivariate analysis of family data (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 114, pp. 149-154; Frison, L., Pocock, S.J., Repeated measures in clinical trials: Analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design (1992) StatMed, 11, pp. 1685-1704; Vickers, A.J., The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcome in a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: A simulation study (2001) BMC Med Res Methodol, 1, p. 6; Lalouel, J., (1979) GEMNI: A Computer Program for Optimization of General Nonlinear Functions, , Technical Report no. 14 Department of Medical Biophysics and Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Thomson, J., Height and weight at three years (1955) Health Bull, 13, pp. 16-17; Hewitt, D., Some familial correlations in height, weight and skeletal maturity (1957) Ann Hum Genet, 22, pp. 26-35; Ounsted, M., Moar, V., Scott, A., Growth in the first four years: IV. Correlations with parental measures in small-for-dates and large-for-dates babies (1982) Early Hum Dev, 7, pp. 357-366; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Ferrari, S., Rizzoli, R., Slosman, D., Bonjour, J.P., Familial resemblance for bone mineral mass is expressed before puberty (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, pp. 358-361; Treuth, M.S., Butte, N.F., Ellis, K.J., Martin, L.J., Comuzzie, A.G., Familial resemblance of body composition in prepubertal girls and their biological parents (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 529-533; Allison, D.B., Neale, M.C., Kezis, M.I., Alfonso, V.C., Heshka, S., Heymsfield, S.B., Assortative mating for relative weight: Genetic implications (1996) Behav Genet, 26, pp. 103-111; Hunt, M.S., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Perusse, L., Rice, T., Rao, D.C., Bouchard, C., Familial resemblance of 7-year changes in body mass and adiposity (2002) Obes Res, 10, pp. 507-517; Perusse, L., Tremblay, A., Leblanc, C., Cloninger, C.R., Reich, T., Rice, J., Bouchard, C., Familial resemblance in energy intake: Contribution of genetic and environmental factors (1988) Am J Clin Nutr, 47, pp. 629-635; Nguyen, V.T., Larson, D.E., Johnson, R.K., Goran, M.I., Fat intake and adiposity in children of lean and obese parents (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 63, pp. 507-513; Simonen, R.L., Perusse, L., Rankinen, T., Rice, T., Rao, D.C., Bouchard, C., Familial aggregation of physical activity levels in the Quebec Family Study (2002) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, pp. 1137-1142; Prentice, A.M., Intrauterine factors, adiposity, and hyperinsulinaemia (2003) BMJ, 327, pp. 880-881; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 955-959 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30544453236&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802920&partnerID=40&md5=399b91eb716de9e2564baf8f2d6d820f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marriage still protects pregnancy T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 112 IS - 10 SP - 1411 EP - 1416 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00667.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Raatikainen, K. AU - Heiskanen, N. AU - Heinonen, S. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland AB - Objective: To assess the risk factors and outcome of pregnancy outside marriage in the 1990s, in conditions of a high percentage of extramarital pregnancies and high standard maternity care, used by the entire pregnant population. Design: Hospital-based cohort study. Setting: A university-teaching hospital in Finland. Population: The 25,373 singleton pregnancies of known marital and cohabiting status. Methods: Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the effect of extramarital childbearing on pregnancy outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to control for confounding maternal risk factors. Main outcome measures: Small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants, preterm birth (less than 37 completed weeks), low birthweight (LBW; under 2500 g). Results: Of the study population, 67.5% were married and 32.5% were unmarried; 24.2% of all mothers were cohabiting. Unmarried status was strongly associated with social disadvantage and particular risk factors, specifically unemployment, smoking and previous pregnancy terminations, which in turn had an impact on obstetric outcome. There were significantly more SGA infants among unmarried mothers (P < 0.001), with an absolute difference of 45%; more preterm deliveries (P= 0.001), with an absolute difference of 17.5%; and more LBW infants (P < 0.001), with an absolute difference of 26%. The differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes between study groups (i) all unmarried women, (ii) cohabiting women and (iii) single women, remained significant after multivariate analysis at adjusted ORs of 1.11, 1.11 and 1.07 for SGA, 1.17, 1.15 and 1.21 for LBW and 1.15, 1.15 and 1.29 for the preterm births, respectively. Conclusion: Even in the 1990s when cohabitation was already common, pregnancy outside marriage was associated with an overall 20% increase of adverse outcomes, and free maternity care did not overcome the difference. © RCOG 2005 BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - coitus KW - female KW - fetus KW - Finland KW - health care access KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - marriage KW - maternal care KW - multivariate logistic regression analysis KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy outcome KW - pregnancy termination KW - premature labor KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - sexual behavior KW - single woman KW - small for date infant KW - smoking KW - unemployment KW - Finland KW - low birth weight KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy outcome KW - prematurity KW - single parent KW - small for date infant KW - statistics KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Marriage KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Premature Birth KW - Risk Factors KW - Single Parent N1 - Cited By :64 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BIOGF C2 - 16167946 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Heinonen, S.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland N1 - References: Holt, V.L., Danoff, N.L., Mueller, B.A., Swanson, M.W., The association of change in maternal marital status between births and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the second birth (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11 (1), pp. 31-40. , (January); Luo, Z.C., Wilkins, R., Kramer, M.S., Disparities in pregnancy outcomes according to marital and cohabitation status (2004) Obstet Gynecol, 103 (6), pp. 1300-1307. , Fetal and Infant Health Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. (June); Peacock, J.L., Bland, J.M., Anderson, H.R., Preterm delivery: Effects of socioeconomic factors, psychological stress, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine (1995) BMJ, 311 (7004), pp. 531-535. , (August 26); Zeitlin, J.A., Saurel-Cubizolles, M.J., Ancel, P.Y., Marital status, cohabitation, and risk of preterm birth in Europe: Where births outside marriage are common and uncommon (2002) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 16 (2), pp. 124-130. , EUROPOP Group. (April); Bird, S.T., Chandra, A., Bennett, T., Harvey, S.M., Beyond marital status: Relationship type and duration and the risk of low birth weight (2000) Fam Plan Perspect, 32 (6), pp. 281-287. , (November-December); Hanke, W., Kalinka, J., Sobala, W., Single motherhood, urban residence and SGA babies in Central Poland (1998) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 61 (3), pp. 289-291. , (June); O'Callaghan, M.J., Harvey, J.M., Tudehope, D.I., Gray, P.H., Aetiology and classification of small for gestational age infants (1997) J Paediatr Child Health, 33 (3), pp. 213-218; Arntzen, A., Moum, T., Magnus, P., Bakketeig, L.S., Marital status as a risk factor for fetal and infant mortality (1996) Scand J Soc Med, 24 (1), pp. 36-42. , (March); McCormick, M.C., The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity (1985) N Engl J Med, 312 (2), pp. 82-90. , (January 10); Kiernan, K., Childbearing outside marriage in western Europe (1999) Popul Trends, (98), pp. 11-20. , Winter(; Olsen, P., Laara, E., Rantakallio, P., Jarvelin, M.R., Sarpola, A., Hartikainen, A.L., Epidemiology of preterm delivery in two birth cohorts with an interval of 20 years (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142 (11), pp. 1184-1193. , (December 1); Kalinka, J., Laudanski, T., Hanke, W., Wasiela, M., Do microbiological factors account for poor pregnancy outcome among unmarried pregnant women in Poland (2003) Fetal Diagn Ther, 18 (5), pp. 345-352. , (September-October); Hedegaard, M., Henriksen, T.B., Sabroe, S., Secher, N.J., Psychological distress in pregnancy and preterm delivery (1993) BMJ, 307 (6898), pp. 234-239. , (July 24); Blondel, J., Blondel, B., Marshall, B., Poor antenatal care in 20 French districts: Risk factors and pregnancy outcome (1998) Epidemiol Community Health, 52 (8), pp. 501-506. , (August); Hartikainen-Sorri, A.L., Sorri, M., Occupational and socio-medical factors in preterm birth (1989) Obstet Gynecol, 74 (1), pp. 13-16. , (July); Gissler, M., Merilainen, J., Vuori, E., Hemminki, E., Register based monitoring shows decreasing socioeconomic differences in Finnish perinatal health (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57 (6), pp. 433-439. , (June); Vagero, D., Koupilova, I., Leon, D.A., Lithell, U.B., Social determinants of birthweight, ponderal index and gestational age in Sweden in the 1920s and the 1980s (1999) Acta Paediatr, 88 (4), pp. 445-453. , (April); MacDonald, L.D., Peacock, J.L., Anderson, H.R., Marital status: Association with social and economic circumstances, psychological state and outcomes of pregnancy (1992) J Public Health Med, 14 (1), pp. 26-34. , (March); Wildschut, H.I., Nas, T., Golding, J., Are sociodemographic factors predictive of preterm birth? a reappraisal of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104 (1), pp. 57-63. , (January); Gordon, R.R., Postneonatal mortality among illegitimate children registered by one or both parents (1990) BMJ, 300 (6719), pp. 236-237. , (January 27); Waldron, I., Hughes, M.E., Brooks, T.L., Marriage protection and marriage selection-prospective evidence for reciprocal effects of marital status and health (1996) Soc Sci Med, 43 (1), pp. 113-123. , (July); Rutter, D.R., Quine, L., Inequalities in pregnancy outcome: A review of psychosocial and behavioural mediators (1990) Soc Sci Med, 30 (5), pp. 553-568. , [review]; Tambyrajia, R.L., Mongelli, M., Sociobiological variables and pregnancy outcome (2000) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 70 (1), pp. 105-112. , [review]. (July) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32944480625&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2005.00667.x&partnerID=40&md5=82e53c9b0c8f9ee219e185f864491326 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 35 IS - 9 SP - 1349 EP - 1356 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1017/S0033291705004964 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Kendler, K.S. AU - Gardner, C. AU - Jacobson, K.C. AU - Neale, M.C. AU - Prescott, C.A. AD - Virginia Institute for Psychiatry and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States AD - Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States AD - Department of Psychology, Medical College of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States AB - Background. The prevalence of use of many psychoactive substances has changed considerably in recent years. While genetic factors impact on overall risk for substance use, we know little about whether the etiological importance of these factors differs across birth cohorts. One theory, which postulates that heritability of deviant traits increases in permissive environments, predicts a positive relationship across cohorts between prevalence and heritability of substance use. Method. The lifetime history of use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives and stimulants were assessed in 4826 twins from male-male and female-female pairs born in Virginia from 1934 to 1974. Using empirical methods based on prevalence by birth year, these twins were divided into three cohorts for each substance (e.g. for cannabis 1934-1953, 1954-1968 and 1969-1974). Structural equation modeling was performed using the Mx software package. Results. Prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use differed substantially across cohorts, most markedly for cocaine, sedatives and stimulants, which were highest in the 1958-1963 cohort. However, for all substances, the best-fit model constrained estimates of the etiological role of genetic and environmental risk factors to be equal across both sex and cohort. Conclusions. We found no evidence in this sample for any systematic relationship between heritability and prevalence of psychoactive substance use - which should be a rough index of drug availability and/or acceptability. This sample had reasonable power to detect large changes in heritability across cohorts and at least moderate power to detect relatively small changes. © 2005 Cambridge University Press. KW - cannabis KW - central stimulant agent KW - cocaine KW - illicit drug KW - psychotropic agent KW - sedative agent KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - drug dependence KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - genotype environment interaction KW - heredity KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prevalence KW - risk factor KW - substance abuse KW - tobacco dependence KW - United States KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cohort Studies KW - Environment KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Inheritance Patterns KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Virginia N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 16168157 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kendler, K.S.; Department of Psychiatry, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States; email: kendler@hsc.vcu.edu N1 - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7; cocaine, 50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1 N1 - References: Akaike, H., Factor analysis and AIC (1987) Psychometrika, 52, pp. 317-332; Bierut, L.J., Heath, A.C., Phil, D., Bucholz, K.K., Dinwiddie, S.H., Madden, P.A.F., Statham, D.J., Martin, N.G., Major depressive disorder in a community-based twin sample (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 557-563; Boerwinkle, E., Hallman, D.M., Genotype-by-environment interaction: It's a fact of life (1993) Genetics of Cellular, Individual, Family, and Population Variability, pp. 93-105. , (ed. C. F. Sing and C. L. Hanis), Oxford University Press: New York; Boomsma, D.I., de Geus, E.J.C., van Baal, G.C.M., Koopmans, J.R., A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality (1999) Twin Research, 2, pp. 115-125; Dunne, M.P., Martin, N.G., Statham, D.J., Slutske, W.S., Dinwiddie, S.H., Bucholz, K.K., Madden, P.A.F., Heath, A.C., Genetic and environmental contributions to variance in age at first sexual intercourse (1997) Psychological Science, 8, pp. 211-216; Eaves, L.J., Eysenck, H.J., Martin, N.G., Jardine, R., Heath, A.C., Feingold, L., Young, P.A., Kendler, K.S., (1989) Genes, Culture and Personality: An Empirical Approach, , Academic Press: London; Falconer, D.S., The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives (1965) Annals of Human Genetics, 29, pp. 51-76; Heath, A.C., Berg, K., Eaves, L.J., Solaas, M.H., Corey, L.A., Sunder, J., Magnus, P., Nance, W.E., Education policy and the heritability of educational attainment (1985) Nature, 314, pp. 734-736; Jordan, B.D., Relkin, N.R., Ravdin, L.D., Jacobs, A.R., Bennett, A., Gandy, S., Apolipoprotein E4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing (1997) Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, pp. 136-140; Kandel, D.B., On processes of peer influences in adolescent drug use: A developmental perspective (1985) Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 4, pp. 139-163; Kaprio, J., Rose, R.J., Romanov, K., Koskenvuo, M., Genetic and environmental determinants of use and abuse of alcohol: The Finnish twin cohort studies (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 131-136; Kendler, K.S., Twin studies of psychiatric illness: An update (2001) Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, pp. 1005-1014; Kendler, K.S., Karkowski, L., Neale, M.C., Prescott, C.A., Illicit psychoactive substance use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence in a US population-based sample of male twins (2000) Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp. 261-269; Kendler, K.S., Karkowski, L.M., Pedersen, N.C., Tobacco consumption in Swedish twins reared-apart and reared-together (2000) Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp. 886-892; Kendler, K.S., Karkowski, L.M., Prescott, C.A., Hallucinogen, opiate, sedative and stimulant use and abuse in a population-based sample of female twins (1999) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 99, pp. 368-376; Kendler, K.S., Karkowski, L.M., Prescott, C.A., Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, pp. 837-841; Kendler, K.S., Kessler, R.C., Walters, E.E., MacLean, C.J., Sham, P.C., Neale, M.C., Heath, A.C., Eaves, L.J., Stressful life events, genetic liability and onset of an episode of major depression in women (1995) American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, pp. 833-842; Kendler, K.S., Neale, M.C., Sullivan, P.F., Corey, L.A., Gardner, C.O., Prescott, C.A., A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 299-308; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., Cannabis use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of female twins (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 1016-1022; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., Cocaine use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of female twins (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, pp. 345-350; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., A population-based twin study of lifetime major depression in men and women (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 39-44; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., Neale, M.C., Pedersen, N.L., Temperance board registration for alcohol abuse in a national sample of Swedish male twins born 1902-1949 (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, pp. 178-184; Khaw, K.-T., Barrett-Connor, E.B., Family history of heart attack: A modifiable risk factor? (1986) Circulation, 74, pp. 239-244; Lichtenstein, P., Pedersen, N.L., McClearn, G.E., The origins of individual differences in occupational status and educational level (1992) Scandinavian Sociological Association, 35, pp. 13-31; Neale, M.C., Boker, S.M., Xie, G., Maes, H.H., (1999) Mx: Statistical Modeling, , (5th edn). Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of VA of VA Commonwealth University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298; Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., Kendler, K.S., The power of the classical twin study to resolve variation in threshold traits (1994) Behavior Genetics, 24, pp. 239-258; Perera, F.P., Environment and cancer: Who are susceptible? (1997) Science, 278, pp. 1068-1073; Prescott, C.A., Hewitt, J.K., Truett, K.R., Heath, A.C., Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., Genetic and environmental influences on lifetime alcohol-related problems in a volunteer sample of older twins (1994) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55, pp. 184-202; Spence, J.E., Corey, L.A., Nance, W.E., Marazita, M.L., Kendler, K.S., Schieken, R.M., Molecular analysis of twin zygosity using VNTR DNA probes (1988) American Journal of Human Genetics, 43, pp. A159. , [Abstract]; Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B., Gibbon, J., (1987) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R - Patient Version (SCID-P, 4/1/87), , New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York; (1996) Trends in the Incidence of Drug Use in the United States, 1919-1992, , Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration US Department of Health and Human Services: Washington, DC; Tikkanen, M.J., Huttunen, J.K., Ehnholm, C., Peitinen, P., Apolipoprotein E4 homozygosity predisposes to serum cholesterol elevation during high fat diet (1990) Arteriosclerosis, 10, pp. 285-288; van den Bree, M.B.M., Johnson, E.O., Neale, M.C., Pickens, R.W., Genetic and environmental influences on drug use and abuse/dependence in male and female twins (1998) Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 52, pp. 231-241 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24644487834&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291705004964&partnerID=40&md5=55d41c3480f29aba54c9bb448aa81fab ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of congenital colour vision defects on occupation T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 90 IS - 9 SP - 906 EP - 908 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/adc.2004.062067 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Cumberland, P. AU - Rahi, J.S. AU - Peckham, C.S. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To investigate whether there is an association between congenital colour vision defects (CVD) and occupational choice and employment history, in order to inform the debate about the value of universal childhood screening for these disorders. Methods: Participants were 6422 males and 6112 females from the 1958 British birth cohort, followed from birth to 33 years, whose colour vision was assessed (Ishihara test) at 11 years. Results: A total or 431 males (6.7%) had CVD. Men with CVD had pursued some careers for which normal colour vision is currently regarded as essential; for example, eight men (3.1%) with CVD were in the police, armed forces, or fire-fighting service at 33 years compared to 141 men (3.8%) with normal colour vision. They were, however, under-represented compared to those with normal colour vision, in other occupations; for example, no men with CVD were employed in electrical and electronic engineering at 33 years compared to 15 men (0.4%) with normal colour vision. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest there is little to be gained by continuing with existing school screening programmes for CVD, whose primary purpose is to advise affected children against certain careers. Other ways of informing young people about potential occupational difficulties and pathways for referral for specialist assessment are likely to be more useful. KW - article KW - color vision KW - color vision defect KW - congenital disorder KW - controlled study KW - employment KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - occupation KW - occupational hazard KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - screening KW - vision test KW - Career Choice KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Color Perception KW - Color Perception Tests KW - Color Vision Defects KW - Counseling KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Occupations KW - School Health Services KW - Vision Screening N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 15914497 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rahi, J.S.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: j.rahi@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: (1987) Colour Vision, pp. 1-8. , Medical Series Guidance Notes, MS7. London: HMSO; Taylor, W.O.G., Effects on employment of defects in colour vision (1971) Br J Ophthalmol, 55, pp. 753-760; Holroyd, E., Hall, D.M.B., A re-appraisal of screening for colour vision impairments (1997) Child Care Health Dev, 23, pp. 391-398; Cole, B.L., The handicap of abnormal colour vision (2004) Clin Exp Optom, 87, pp. 258-275; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; (1972) Classification of Occupations and Directory of Occupational Titles (CODOT), , London: HMSO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24144491339&doi=10.1136%2fadc.2004.062067&partnerID=40&md5=027a3aab5b359b9caf90ca2c9bdd7c22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does mother's IQ explain the association between birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood? T2 - Intelligence J2 - Intelligence VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 445 EP - 454 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.intell.2005.05.004 SN - 01602896 (ISSN) AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Der, G. AU - Shenkin, S.D. AD - University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom AD - MRC Social and Public Health, Sciences Unit, Glasgow, United Kingdom AB - There is a significant association between birth weight and cognitive test scores in childhood, even among individuals born at term and with normal birth weight. The association is not explained by the child's social background. Here we examine whether mother's cognitive ability accounts for the birth weight-cognitive ability association. We analysed mother and child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Random effects models were employed to utilise fully the repeated cognitive tests on the same child, and to include all children of each mother. Mother's score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) was significantly related to child's birth weight. Birth weight was significantly related to the child's scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. This association was attenuated by up to two-thirds after taking into account mother's AFQT score. In this large sample the association between birth weight and cognitive ability was substantially explained by mother's IQ. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NTLLD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Deary, I.J.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; email: I.Deary@ed.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , 2nd ed. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; Barker, D.J.P., Developmental origins of adult health and disease (2004) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, pp. 114-115; Baumler, E.R., Carvajal, S., Harrist, R.B., Analysis of repeated measures data (2003) Multilevel Modeling: Methodological Advances, Issues, and Applications, pp. 140-156. , S.P. Reise & N. Duan (Eds.) Lawrence Erlbaum New Jersey; Bhutta, A.T., Cleves, M.A., Casey, P.H., Cradock, M.M., Anand, K.J.S., Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: A meta-analysis (2002) Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, pp. 728-737; Boardman, J.D., Powers, D.A., Padilla, Y.C., Hummer, R.A., Low birth weight, social factors, and developmental outcomes among children in the United States (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 353-368; Boomsma, D.I., van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Rietveld, M.J.H., Bartels, M., van Baal, G.C.M., Genetics mediate relation of birth weight to childhood IQ (2001) British Medical Journal, 323, p. 1426; Bouchard, T.J., McGue, M., Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences (2003) Journal of Neurobiology, 54, pp. 4-45; (2002) NLSY79 Child and Young Adult Data Users Guide, , Center for Human Resource Research Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University; Cnaan, A., Laird, N.M., Slasor, P., Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data (1997) Statistics in Medicine, 16, pp. 2349-2380; Devlin, B., Daniels, M., Roeder, K., The heritability of IQ (1997) Nature, 388, pp. 468-471; Diggle, P.J., Liang, K.L., Zeger, S.L., (1994) Analysis of Longitudinal Data, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , London, UK: Arnold; Gorman, B.K., Birth weight and cognitive development in adolescence: Causal relationship or social selection? (2002) Social Biology, 49, pp. 13-34; Guo, G., Harris, K.M., The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 431-447; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 305-310; Kenward, M.G., Roger, J.H., Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood (1997) Biometrics, 53, pp. 983-997; Kiweon, K., The effect of poverty on children's academic performance (1992), p. 2124. , (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1992). Dissertation Abstracts International, 53; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (2004) A Lifecourse Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , (Eds.) Oxford University Press Oxford, UK; (1999) NLSY79 User's Guide, , National Longitudinal Surveys US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics; Padilla, Y.C., Boardman, J.D., Hummer, R.A., Espitia, M., Is the Mexican American "epidemiologic paradox" advantage at birth maintained through early childhood? (2002) Social Forces, 80, pp. 1101-1123; Plomin, R., DeFries, J.C., McClearn, G.E., McGuffin, P., (2001) Behavioral Genetics, , 4th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 342-348; Rowe, D.C., IQ, birth weight, and number of sexual partners in white, African American, and mixed race adolescents (2002) Population and Environment, 23, pp. 513-524; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychological Bulletin, 130, pp. 989-1013; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 85, pp. 189-196; Singer, J.D., Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models (1998) Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 23, pp. 323-355; Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., D'Onofrio, B., Gottesman, I.I., Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children (2003) Psychological Science, 14, pp. 623-628; Willett, J.B., Singer, J.D., Martin, N.C., The design and analysis of longitudinal studies of development and psychopathology in context: Statistical models and methodological recommendations (1998) Development and Psychopathology, 10, pp. 395-426 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23844535106&doi=10.1016%2fj.intell.2005.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=606d1fcc25bd68aa683e03327892fa6f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors as predictors of body mass index and obesity among older women T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 9 SP - 1084 EP - 1092 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802996 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Newby, P.K. AU - Dickman, P.W. AU - Adami, H.-O. AU - Wolk, A. AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine whether early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors were associated with body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SUBJECTS: In all, 18109 healthy women who participated in the Swedish Mammography Cohort aged 49-83 y. MEASUREMENTS: Early anthropometric (birthweight and body shape at age 10 y) and reproductive (age at menarche, age at the birth of the first child, and parity) variables were our predictors and current BMI, overweight (BMI 25-29.99 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were our outcomes. RESULTS: In multivariate-adjusted polytomous logistic regression analysis, risk of overweight and obesity increased with increasing body shape at age 10 y and decreased with increasing age at menarche and age at first birth (P for trend < 0.0001). A U-shaped relation with birthweight was observed. In our tests for effect modification of the relation with overweight/obesity (ow/ob; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), we detected significant interactions between body shape at 10 y and age (P < 0.0001); body shape at 10 y and physical activity (P < 0.0001); age at first birth and smoking (P = 0.02); and parity and physical activity (P = 0.004). The increased risk of ow/ob among women who reported a larger childhood body shape was reduced as women moved from the lowest to highest quartile of physical activity in adulthood. Likewise, the increasing risk of ow/ob among women with greater parity was reduced with increased physical activity. CONCLUSION: Early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors are significantly associated with BMI, overweight, and obesity among older women. The effects of childhood body weight, age at first birth, and parity may be modified by adult lifestyle choices, as well as age. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - Birthweight KW - BMI KW - Childhood KW - Physical activity KW - Reproductive KW - adult KW - aged KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - logistic regression analysis KW - menarche KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - parity KW - physical activity KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - reproduction KW - statistical analysis KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Size KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Exertion KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Maternal Age KW - Menarche KW - Middle Aged KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Prognosis KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15925960 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Newby, P.K.; Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, United States; email: pknewby@post.harvard.edu N1 - Funding details: Cancerfonden, Cancerfonden N1 - Funding details: Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education, Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education N1 - Funding details: Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education, Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education N1 - Funding text: This research was supported by the Swedish Research Council/Section 4-Longitudinal Studies, the Swedish Cancer Society, and the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Learning. N1 - References: Seidell, J.C., Obesity in Europe (1995) Obes Res, 3 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 89s-93s; Lovejoy, J.C., The influence of sex hormones on obesity across the female life span (1998) J Womens Health, 7, pp. 1247-1256; Dionne, I., Despres, J.P., Bouchard, C., Tremblay, A., Gender difference in the effect of body composition on energy metabolism (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 312-319; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (SUPPL. 8), pp. S1-S107; Rogers, I., Group, E.-B.S., The influence of birthweight and intrauterine environment on adiposity and fat distribution in later life (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 755-777; Mossberg, H.O., 40-Year follow-up of overweight children (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 491-493; Dietz, W.H., Childhood weight affects adult morbidity and mortality (1998) J Nutr, 128, pp. 411S-414S; Okasha, M., McCarron, P., McEwen, J., Smith, G.D., Age at menarche: Secular trends and association with adult anthropometric measures (2001) Ann Hum Biol, 28, pp. 68-78; Kirchengast, S., Gruber, D., Sator, M., Huber, J., Impact of the age at menarche on adult body composition in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women (1998) Am J Phys Anthropol, 105, pp. 9-20; Kirchengast, S., Grossschmidt, K., Huber, J., Hauser, G., Body composition characteristics after menopause (1998) Coll Antropol, 22, pp. 393-402; Kirchengast, S., Gruber, D., Sator, M., Huber, J., Postmenopausal weight status, body composition and body fat distribution in relation to parameters of menstrual and reproductive history (1999) Maturitas, 33, pp. 117-126; Harris, H.E., Ellison, G.T., Holliday, M., Lucassen, E., The impact of pregnancy on the long-term weight gain of primiparous women in England (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 747-755; Brown, J.E., Kaye, S.A., Folsom, A.R., Parity-related weight change in women (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 627-631; Michels, K.B., Holmberg, L., Bergkvist, L., Wolk, A., Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and breast cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish women (2002) Ann Epidemiol, 12, pp. 21-26; Must, A., Willett, W.C., Dietz, W.H., Remote recall of childhood health, weight and body build by elderly subjects (1993) Amer J Epidemiol, 138, pp. 56-64; Norman, A., Bellocco, R., Bergstrom, A., Wolk, A., Validity and reproducibility of self-reported total physical activity-differences by relative weight (2001) Int J Obes Metab Relat Disord, 25, pp. 682-688; Kuskowska-Wolk, A., Karlsson, P., Stolt, M., Rossner, S., The predictive validity of body mass index based on self-reported weight and height (1989) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 13, pp. 441-453; James, P.T., Leach, R., Kalamara, E., Shayeghi, M., The worldwide obesity epidemic (2001) Obes Res, 9 (SUPPL. 4), pp. 228S-233S; Wolfe, W.S., Sobal, J., Olson, C.M., Frongillo Jr., E.A., Williamson, D.F., Parity-associated weight gain and its modification by sociodemographic and behavioral factors: A prospective analysis in US women (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 802-810; Matthews, K.A., Abrams, B., Crawford, S., Miles, T., Neer, R., Powell, L.H., Wesley, D., Body mass index in mid-life women: Relative influence of menopause, hormone use, and ethnicity (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 863-873; Toth, M.J., Tchernof, A., Sites, C.K., Poehlman, E.T., Menopause-related changes in body fat distribution (2000) Ann NY Acad Sci, 904, pp. 502-506; Gortmaker, S.L., Dietz Jr., W.H., Cheung, L.W., Inactivity, diet, and the fattening of America (1990) J Am Diet Assoc, 90, pp. 1247-1252; Johnston, F.E., McKigney, J.I., Hopwood, S., Smelker, J., Physical growth and development of urban native Americans: A study in urbanization and its implications for nutritional status (1978) Am J Clin Nutr, 31, pp. 1017-1027; Stunkard, A.J., Socioeconomic status and obesity (1996) Ciba Found Symp, 201, pp. 174-182; Gale, C.R., Martyn, C.N., Kellingray, S., Eastell, R., Cooper, C., Intrauterine programming of adult body composition (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp. 267-272; Phillips, D.I., Young, J.B., Birth weight, climate at birth and the risk of obesity in adult life (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 281-287; Fall, C.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Clark, P.M., Hales, C.N., Stirling, Y., Meade, T.W., Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 428-432; Yarbrough, D.E., Barrett-Connor, E., Kritz-Silverstein, D., Wingard, D.L., Birth weight, adult weight, and girth as predictors of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: The Rancho Bernardo Study (1998) Diabetes Care, 21, pp. 1652-1658; Phillips, D.I., Relation of fetal growth to adult muscle mass and glucose tolerance (1995) Diabetes Med, 12, pp. 686-690; Sayer, A.A., Syddall, H.E., Dennison, E.M., Gilbody, H.J., Duggleby, S.L., Cooper, C., Barker, D.J., Phillips, D.I., Birth weight, weight at 1 y of age, and body composition in older men: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 80, pp. 199-203; Singhal, A., Wells, J., Cole, T.J., Fewtrell, M., Lucas, A., Programming of lean body mass: A link between birth weight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease? (2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 77, pp. 726-730; Eriksson, J., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D., Size at birth, childhood growth and obesity in adult life (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 735-740; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1331-1335; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Jarvelin, M.R., Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 287-294; Guo, S.S., Huang, C., Maynard, L.M., Demerath, E., Towne, B., Chumlea, W.C., Siervogel, R.M., Body mass index during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in relation to adult overweight and adiposity: The Fels Longitudinal Study (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1628-1635; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 145S-148S; Freedman, D.S., Khan, L.K., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: The Bogalusa heart study (2003) BMC Pediatr, 3, p. 3; Wen, W., Gao, Y.T., Shu, X.O., Yang, G., Li, H.L., Jin, F., Zheng, W., Sociodemographic, behavioral, and reproductive factors associated with weight gain in Chinese women (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 933-940; Harris, H.E., Ellison, G.T., Holliday, M., Is there an independent association between parity and maternal weight gain? (1997) Ann Hum Biol, 24, pp. 507-519; Coitinho, D.C., Sichieri, R., D'Aquino Benicio, M.H., Obesity and weight change related to parity and breast-feeding among parous women in Brazil (2001) Public Health Nutr, 4, pp. 865-870; Seidell, J., Visscher, T., Body weight and weight change and their health implications for the elderly (2000) Eur J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. S33-S39; Kyle, U.G., Genton, L., Hans, D., Karsegard, V.L., Michel, J.P., Slosman, D.O., Pichard, C., Total body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle in older people: Cross-sectional differences in 60-year-old persons (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc, 49, pp. 1633-1640; Kyle, U.G., Genton, L., Slosman, D.O., Pichard, C., Fat-free and fat mass percentiles in 5225 healthy subjects aged 15 to 98 years (2001) Nutrition, 17, pp. 534-541; Roberts, S.B., McCrory, M.A., Saltzman, E., The influence of dietary composition on energy intake and body weight (2002) J Am Coll Nutr, 21, pp. 140S-145S; Doucet, E., Tremblay, A., Food intake, energy balance and body weight control (1997) Eur J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 846-855; Hays, N.P., Bathalon, G.P., McCrory, M.A., Roubenoff, R., Lipman, R., Roberts, S.B., Eating behavior correlates of adult weight gain and obesity in healthy women aged 55-65 y (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 75, pp. 476-483; Sammel, M.D., Grisso, J.A., Freeman, E.W., Hollander, L., Liu, L., Liu, S., Nelson, D.B., Battistini, M., Weight gain among women in the late reproductive years (2003) Fam Pract, 20, pp. 401-409; Bouchard, C., Genetics of human obesity: Recent results form linkage studies (1997) J Nutr, 127, pp. 1887S-1890S; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Women's reproductive health: The role of body mass index in early and adult life (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 432-438; Allison, D.B., Kaprio, J., Korkeila, M., Koskenvuo, M., Neale, M.C., Hayakawa, K., The heritability of body mass index among an international sample of monozygotic twins reared apart (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, pp. 501-506; Krahnstoever Davison, K., Lipps Birch, L., Obesigenic families: Parents' physical activity and dietary intake patterns predict girls' risk of overweight (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1186-1193; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Magarey, A.M., Daniels, L.A., Boulton, T.J., Cockington, R.A., Predicting obesity in early adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 505-513 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23944525849&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802996&partnerID=40&md5=581785f987d65340aa509601cfd00631 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood overweight and maturational timing in the development of adult overweight and fatness: The newton girls study and its follow-up T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 116 IS - 3 SP - 620 EP - 627 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1542/peds.2004-1604 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Must, A. AU - Naumova, E.N. AU - Phillips, S.M. AU - Blum, M. AU - Dawson-Hughes, B. AU - Rand, W.M. AD - Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AD - Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AD - Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University, School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States AB - Objective. Although several studies have suggested that early menarche is associated with the development of adult overweight, few have accounted for childhood overweight before menarche. Study Design. A 30-year follow-up of the original participants in the Newton Girls Study, a prospective study of development in a cohort of girls followed through menarche, provided data on premenarcheal relative weight and overweight (BMI >85th percentile), prospectively obtained age at menarche, self-reported adult BMI, overweight (BMI > 25), obesity (BMI > 30) and, for a subset of participants, percentage body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results. Of the 448 women who participated in the adult follow-up at a mean age of 42.1 years (SD: 0.76 years), 307 had childhood data with which to characterize premenarcheal and menarcheal weight status and age at menarche. After a follow-up of 30.1 years (SD: 1.4 years), reported BMI was 23.4 (4.8), 28% were overweight, and 9% were obese. In multivariate linear and logistic-regression analyses, almost all of the influence on adult weight status was a result of premenarcheal weight status (model R2 = 0.199). Inclusion of a variable to reflect menarcheal timing provided very little additional information (model R2 = 0.208). Girls who were overweight before menarche were 7.7 times more likely to be overweight as adults (95% confidence interval: 2.3, 25.8), whereas early menarche (at ≤12 years of age) did not elevate risk (odds ratio: 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.66, 2.43). A similar pattern of results was observed when percentage body fat in adulthood was evaluated. Conclusions. The apparent influence of early maturation on adult female overweight is largely a result of the influence of elevated relative weight on early maturation. Interventions to prevent and treat overweight should focus on girls before they begin puberty. Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. KW - Adolescence KW - Maturation KW - Menarche KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Puberty KW - article KW - body fat KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child KW - controlled study KW - demography KW - disease course KW - dual energy X ray absorptiometry KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - medical information KW - menarche KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - sexual maturation KW - adult KW - age KW - obesity KW - sexual development KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Menarche KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Sexual Development N1 - Cited By :71 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 16099850 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Must, A.; Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University, School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States; email: aviva.must@tufts.edu N1 - References: Hedley, A.A., Ogden, C.L., Johnson, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., Flegal, K.M., Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002 (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 2847-2850; Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health: Obesity and Overweight, , www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en; Freedman, D.S., Shear, C.L., Burke, G.L., Persistence of juvenile-onset obesity over eight years: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 588-592; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (1 PART 2), pp. 145S-148S; Braddon, F.E.M., Rodgers, B., Wadworth, M.E.J., Onset of obesity in a 36-year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 293, pp. 299-303; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1959 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Garn, S.M., Continuities and changes in fatness from infancy through adulthood (1985) Curr Probl Pediatr, 15, pp. 1-47; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Frisch, R.E., Revelle, R., Height and weight at menarche and a hypothesis of menarche (1971) Arch Dis Child, 48, pp. 695-701; Ellison, P.T., Skeletal growth, fatness, and menarcheal age: A comparison of two hypotheses (1982) Hum Biol, 54, pp. 269-281; Adair, L.S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Maturational timing and overweight prevalence in US adolescent girls (2001) Am J Public Health, 91, pp. 642-644; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, H.C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Freedman, D.S., Kettel-Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Srininivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2003) BMC Pediatr, 3, p. 3; Frisancho, A.R., Housh, C.H., The relationship of maturity rate to body size and body proportions in children and adults (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 759-770; Wellens, R., Malina, R.M., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S.S., Siervogel, R.M., Body size and fatness in young adults in relation to age at menarche (1992) Am J Hum Biol, 4, pp. 783-787; Brown, D.E., Koenig, T.V., Demorales, A.M., McGuire, K., Mersai, C.T., Menarche age, fatness, and fat distribution in Hawaiin adolescents (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol, 99, pp. 239-247; Must, A., Phillips, S.M., Naumova, E.N., Recall of early menstrual history and menarcheal body size: After 30 years, how well do women remember? (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 155, pp. 672-679; Zacharias, L., Rand, W.M., Wurtman, R.J., A prospective study of sexual development and growth in American girls: The statistics of menarchie (1976) Obstet Gynecol Surv, 31, pp. 325-337; Zacharias, L., Rand, W.M., Adolescent growth in height and its relation to menarche in contemporary American girls (1983) Ann Hum Biol, 10, pp. 209-222; Zacharias, L., Rand, W.M., Adolescent growth in weight and its relation to menarche in contemporary American girls (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 369-386; Blum, M., Must, A., Harris, S.S., Rand, W.M., Phillips, S.M., Dawson-Hughes, B., Association of documented weight at menarche with premenopausal bone mineral density (1999) J Bone Miner Res, 14, pp. S379; CDC Growth Charts: United States, , www.cdc.gov/growthcharts; Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults - The evidence report (1998) Obes Res, 6, pp. 51S-209S; Johnson, J., Dawson-Hughes, B., Precision and stability of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements (1991) Calcif Tissue Int, 49, pp. 174-178; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence: With a General Consideration of the Effects of Hereditary and Environmental Factors Upon Growth and Maturation from Birth to Maturity. Second Ed, , Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publishers; Frisch, R.E., McArthur, J.W., Menstrual cycles: Fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset (1974) Science, 185, pp. 949-951; Ahima, R.S., Dushay, J., Flier, S.N., Prabakaran, D., Flier, J.S., Leptin accelerates the onset of puberty in normal female mice (1997) J Clin Invest, 99, pp. 391-395; Morrison, J.A., Barton, B.A., Biro, F.M., Sprecher, D.L., Falkner, F., Obarzanek, E., Sexual maturation and obesity in 9- and 10-year-old black and white girls: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (1994) J Pediatr, 124, pp. 889-895; Garn, S.M., Lavelle, M., Pilkington, J.J., Comparison of fatness in premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls of the same age (1983) J Pediatr, 103, pp. 328-331; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; St. George, I.M., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Body size and the menarche: The Dunedin Study (1994) J Adolesc Health, 15, pp. 573-576; Biro, F.M., McMahon, R.P., Striegel-Moore, R., Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (2001) J Pediatr, 138, pp. 636-643; Okasha, M., McCarron, P., McEwen, J., Davey Smith, G., Age at menarche: Secular trends and association with adult anthropometric measures (2001) Ann Hum Biol, 28, pp. 68-78; Garn, S.M., Lavelle, M., Rosenberg, K.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 43, pp. 879-883; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Marjo-Riitta, J., Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 287-294; Helm, P., Munster, K., Schmidt, L., Recalled menarche in relation to infertility and adult weight and height (1995) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 74, pp. 718-722; Lahmann, P.H., Lissner, L., Gullberg, B., Berglund, G., Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 685-694; Kirchengast, S., Gruber, D., Sator, M., Huber, J., Impact of the age at menarche on adult body composition in healthy pre- And postmenopausal women (1998) Am J Phys Anthropol, 105, pp. 9-20; Rowland, M.L., Reporting bias in height and weight data (1989) Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co, 70, pp. 2-11 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644612183&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2004-1604&partnerID=40&md5=2a765c6f94471a6999bb991e2321fc94 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smoking and alcohol habits as risk factors for benign digestive diseases in a Japanese population: The Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study T2 - Digestion J2 - Digestion VL - 71 IS - 4 SP - 231 EP - 237 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1159/000087048 SN - 00122823 (ISSN) AU - Yamada, M. AU - Wong, F.L. AU - Fujiwara, S. AU - Tatsukawa, Y. AU - Suzuki, G. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AB - Background: Although an association between benign digestive diseases and smoking or drinking habits was reported, consistent results have not been obtained either in European, American or Japanese populations. Methods: Smoking and alcohol habits as risk factors for the incidence of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis as well as cholelithiasis were examined using the longitudinal data of the Adult Health Study collected biennially between 1958 and 1998. During 1958-1998, 1,093 gastric ulcers, 437 duodenal ulcers, 2,054 chronic liver diseases and cirrhoses, and 1,136 cholelithiasis cases were newly detected based on medical history, fluoroscopy or endoscopy and ultrasonography. Smoking and drinking histories were obtained from five and three questionnaires, respectively, administered during different periods. The relative risks (RRs) for ever smoked to never smoked and that for ever drank to never drank were estimated after adjustment for city, sex, age, birth cohort, calendar time and radiation dose. Results: The analysis showed a positive association of smoking with gastric ulcer (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.71-2.41), duodenal ulcer (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.99-1.72), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08-1.39) and cholelithiasis (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.40), and a positive association of drinking with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.23). Conclusions: The peptic ulcer, chronic liver disease and cholelithiasis incidence increased significantly with smoking, and the chronic liver disease incidence increased significantly with drinking simultaneously in a prospective study of a Japanese population. Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG. KW - Alcohol KW - Cholelithiasis KW - Chronic liver diseases KW - Duodenal ulcer KW - Gastric ulcer KW - Smoking KW - alcohol KW - adult KW - aged KW - alcohol consumption KW - anamnesis KW - article KW - birth KW - cholelithiasis KW - chronic liver disease KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - duodenum ulcer KW - echography KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - fluoroscopy KW - gastrointestinal disease KW - gastrointestinal endoscopy KW - human KW - incidence KW - liver cirrhosis KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical research KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - questionnaire KW - radiation dose KW - radiation response KW - risk factor KW - sex KW - smoking KW - stomach ulcer KW - time KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Digestive System Diseases KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Survivors N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: DIGEB C2 - 16024928 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: yamada@rerf.or.jp N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alcohol, 64-17-5 N1 - References: Friedman, G.D., Siegelaub, A.B., Seltzer, C.C., Cigarettes, alcohol, coffee and peptic ulcer (1974) N Engl J Med, 290, pp. 469-473; Kato, I., Nomura, A.M., Stemmermann, G.N., Chyou, P.H., A prospective study of gastric and duodenal ulcer and its relation to smoking, alcohol, and diet (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 521-530; Kato, I., Tominaga, S., Ito, Y., Kobayashi, S., Yoshii, Y., Matsuura, A., Comparative case-control analysis of gastric and duodenal ulcers (1990) Jpn J Public Health, 37, pp. 919-925; Johnsen, R., Forde, O.H., Straume, B., Burhol, P.G., Aetiology of peptic ulcer: A prospective population study in Norway (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, pp. 156-160; Watanabe, Y., Kurata, J.H., Kawamoto, K., Kawai, K., Epidemiological study of peptic ulcer disease among Japanese and Koreans in Japan (1992) J Clin Gastroenterol, 15, pp. 68-74; Klatsky, A.L., Armstrong, M.A., Alcohol, smoking, coffee, and cirrhosis (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 1248-1257; Murray, F.E., Logan, R.F., Hannaford, P.C., Kay, C.R., Cigarette smoking and parity as risk factors for the development of symptomatic gall bladder disease in women: Results of the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study (1994) Gut, 35, pp. 107-111; Sahi, T., Paffenbarger Jr., R.S., Hsieh, C.C., Lee, I.M., Body mass index, cigarette smoking, and other characteristics as predictors of self-reported, physician-diagnosed gallbladder disease in male college alumni (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 644-651; Kono, S., Shinchi, K., Ikeda, N., Yanai, F., Imanishi, K., Prevalence of gallstone disease in relation to smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and glucose tolerance: A study of self-defense officials in Japan (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 787-794; Kratzer, W., Kachele, V., Mason, R.A., Muche, R., Hay, B., Wiesneth, M., Hill, V., Adler, G., Gallstone prevalence in relation to smoking, alcohol, coffee consumption, and nutrition: The Ulm Gallstone Study (1997) Scand J Gastroenterol, 32, pp. 953-958; Kono, S., Eguchi, H., Honjo, S., Todoroki, I., Oda, T., Shinchi, K., Ogawa, S., Nakagawa, K., Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and gallstone risk in Japanese men (2002) Digestion, 65, pp. 177-183; Rotily, M., Durbec, J.P., Berthezene, P., Sarles, H., Diet and alcohol in liver cirrhosis: A case-control study (1990) Eur J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 595-603; Sipponen, P., Hyvarinen, H., Role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer (1993) Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl, 196, pp. 3-6; Mendenhall, C.L., Seeff, L., Diehl, A.M., Ghosn, S.J., French, S.W., Gartside, P.S., Rouster, S.D., Roselle, G.A., Antibodies to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis: Their prevalence and clinical relevance (1991) Hepatology, 14, pp. 581-589. , The VA Cooperative Study Group (No 119); Kopanski, Z., Schlegel-Zawadzka, M., Golec, E., Witkowska, B., Micherdzinski, J., Cienciala, A., Kustra, Z., The significance of selected epidemiologico-clinical factors in the prevalence of the Helicobacter pylori infection in young males (1997) Eur J Med Res, 2, pp. 358-360; Parasher, G., Eastwood, G.L., Smoking and peptic ulcer in the Helicobacter pylori era (2000) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12, pp. 843-853; Rosenstock, S., Jorgensen, T., Bonnevie, O., Andersen, L., Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease: A population based prospective cohort study comprising 2,416 Danish adults (2003) Gut, 52, pp. 186-193; Yu, M.W., Hsu, F.C., Sheen, I.S., Chu, C.M., Lin, D.Y., Chen, C.J., Liaw, Y.F., Prospective study of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B virus carriers (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 1039-1047; Pessione, F., Degos, F., Marcellin, P., Duchatelle, V., Njapoum, C., Martinot-Peignoux, M., Degott, C., Rueff, B., Effect of alcohol consumption on serum hepatitis C virus RNA and histological lesions in chronic hepatitis C (1998) Hepatology, 27, pp. 1717-1722; Pessione, F., Ramond, M.J., Njapoum, C., Duchatelle, V., Degott, C., Erlinger, S., Rueff, B., Degos, F., Cigarette smoking and hepatic lesions in patients with chronic hepatitis C (2001) Hepatology, 34, pp. 121-125; Hezode, C., Lonjon, I., Roudot-Thoraval, F., Mavier, J.P., Pawlotsky, J.M., Zafrani, E.S., Dhumeaux, D., Impact of smoking on histological liver lesions in chronic hepatitis C (2003) Gut, 52, pp. 126-129; Kiyosawa, K., Sodeyama, T., Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (2001) Nippon Rinsho, 59 (6 SUPPL.), pp. 13-19; Asaka, M., Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan (2003) Nippon Rinsho, 61, pp. 19-24; Cohen, J., The scientific challenge of hepatitis C (1999) Science, 285, pp. 26-30; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Akiba, S., Shimaoka, K., Hosoda, Y., Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1986 (1993) Radiat Res, 135, pp. 418-430; Yamada, M., Wong, F.L., Fujiwara, S., Akahoshi, M., Suzuki, G., Noncancer disease incidence in atomic bomb survivors, 1958-1998 (2004) Radiat Res, 161, pp. 622-632; (1977) International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD 9), , Geneva, WHO; Preston, D.L., Lubin, J.H., Pierce, D.A., (1993) Epicure User's Guide, Ed 2, , Seattle, Hirosoft International Corp; Attili, A.F., Carulli, N., Roda, E., Barbara, B., Capocaccia, L., Menotti, A., Okoliksanyi, L., Festi, D., Epidemiology of gallstone disease in Italy: Prevalence data of the Multicenter Italian Study on Cholelithiasis (MICOL) (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. 158-165; Corrao, G., Ferrari, P., Zambon, A., Torchio, P., Arico, S., Decarli, A., Trends of liver cirrhosis mortality in Europe, 1970-1989: Age-period-cohort analysis and changing alcohol consumption (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 100-109; Susser, M., Causes of peptic ulcer. A selective epidemiologic review (1967) J Chronic Dis, 20, pp. 435-456; (1979) Smoking and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, 1979, , Washington, Department of Health; Asaka, M., Kimura, T., Kudo, M., Takeda, H., Mitani, S., Miyazaki, T., Miki, K., Graham, D.Y., Relationship of Helicobacter pylori to serum pepsinogens in an asymptomatic Japanese population (1992) Gastroenterology, 102, pp. 760-766; Neriishi, K., Akiba, S., Amano, T., Ogino, T., Kodama, K., Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e antigen and antibody, and antigen subtypes in atomic bomb survivors (1995) Radiat Res, 144, pp. 215-221; Fujiwara, S., Sharp, G.B., Cologne, J.B., Kusumi, S., Akahoshi, M., Kodama, K., Suzuki, G., Yoshizawa, H., Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among atomic bomb survivors (2003) Radiat Res, 159, pp. 780-786; Fujiwara, S., Kusumi, S., Cologne, J., Akahoshi, M., Kodama, K., Yoshizawa, H., Prevalence of antihepatitis C virus antibody and chronic liver disease among atomic bomb survivors (2000) Radiat Res, 154, pp. 12-19; Conte, D., Fraquelli, M., Fornari, F., Lodi, L., Bodini, P., Buscarini, L., Close relation between cirrhosis and gallstones: Cross-sectional and longitudinal survey (1999) Arch Intern Med, 159, pp. 49-52; Del Olmo, J.A., Garcia, F., Serra, M.A., Maldonado, L., Rodrigo, J.M., Prevalence and incidence of gallstones in liver cirrhosis (1997) Scand J Gastroenterol, 32, pp. 1061-1065; Mori, M., Hara, M., Wada, I., Hara, T., Yamamoto, K., Honda, M., Naramoto, J., Prospective study of hepatitis B and C viral infections, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and other factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Japan (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 151, pp. 131-139; Scott, T.E., Carroll, M., Cogliano, F.D., Smith, B.F., Lamorte, W.W., A case-control assessment of risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma (1999) Dig Dis Sci, 44, pp. 1619-1625; Kato, I., Tominaga, S., Matsumoto, K., A prospective study of stomach cancer among a rural Japanese population: A 6-year survey (1992) Jpn J Cancer Res, 83, pp. 568-575; Goodman, M.T., Moriwaki, H., Vaeth, M., Akiba, S., Hayabuchi, H., Mabuchi, K., Prospective cohort study of risk factors for primary liver cancer in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan (1995) Epidemiology, 6, pp. 36-41; Hansson, L.E., Nyren, O., Hsing, A.W., Bergstrom, R., Josefsson, S., Chow, W.H., Fraumeni Jr., J.F., Adami, H.O., The risk of stomach cancer in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer disease (1996) N Engl J Med, 335, pp. 242-249 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23844538650&doi=10.1159%2f000087048&partnerID=40&md5=216ba962b7a8686cd1625b30d60f4146 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Big and tall parents have more sons: Further generalizations of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis T2 - Journal of Theoretical Biology J2 - J. Theor. Biol. VL - 235 IS - 4 SP - 583 EP - 590 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.02.010 SN - 00225193 (ISSN) AU - Kanazawa, S. AD - Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - This paper proposes the generalized Trivers-Willard hypothesis (gTWH), which suggests that parents who possess any heritable trait which increases male reproductive success at a greater rate than female reproductive success in a given environment will have a higher-than-expected offspring sex ratio, and parents who possess any heritable trait which increases female reproductive success at a greater rate than male reproductive success in a given environment will have a lower-than-expected offspring sex ratio. Since body size (height and weight) is a highly heritable trait which increases male (but not female) reproductive success, the paper hypothesizes that bigger and taller parents have more sons. The analysis of both surviving children and recent pregnancies among respondents of the National Child Development Survey and the British Cohort Survey largely supports the hypothesis. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Evolutionary psychology KW - Generalized Trivers-Willard hypothesis (gTWH) KW - Offspring sex ratio KW - body size KW - heritability KW - reproductive success KW - sex ratio KW - body height KW - body size KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - data analysis KW - demography KW - economic aspect KW - empiricism KW - evolution KW - health survey KW - heritability KW - human KW - hypothesis KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - reproduction KW - review KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - survival rate KW - theoretical study KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Height KW - Body Size KW - Body Weight KW - Evolution KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Models, Genetic KW - Parents KW - Sex Ratio N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JTBIA C2 - 15935175 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kanazawa, S.; Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: s.kanazawa@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Austad, S.N., Sunquist, M.E., Sex ratio manipulation in the common opossum (1986) Nature, 324, pp. 58-60; Baron-Cohen, S., The extreme male brain theory of autism (1999) Neurodevelopmental Disorders, pp. 401-429. , T. Tager-Flusberg MIT Press Cambridge; Baron-Cohen, S., The extreme male brain theory of autism (2002) Trends Cognitive Sci., 6, pp. 248-254; Baron-Cohen, S., (2003) The Essential Difference, , Penguin London; Baron-Cohen, S., Hammer, J., Is autism an extreme form of the male brain? (1997) Adv. Infancy Res., 11, pp. 193-217; Baron-Cohen, S., Lutchmaya, S., Knickmeyer, R., (2004) Prenatal Testosterone in Mind: Amniotic Fluid Studies, , MIT Press Cambridge; Betzig, L.L., (1986) Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A Darwinian View of History, , Aldine New York; Betzig, L., Weber, S., Presidents preferred sons (1995) Polit. Life Sci., 14, pp. 61-64; Booth, A., Osgood, D.W., The influence of testosterone on deviance in adulthood: Assessing and explaining the relationship (1993) Criminology, 31, pp. 93-117; Brown, G.R., Sex-biased investment in nonhuman primates: Can Trivers & Willard's theory be tested? (2001) Anim. Behav., 61, pp. 683-694; Brown, G.R., Silk, J.B., Reconsidering the null hypothesis: Is maternal rank associated with sex ratios in primate groups? (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 99, pp. 11252-11255; Burley, N., Sex-ratio manipulation in color-banded populations of zebra finches (1986) Evolution, 40, pp. 1191-1206; Buss, D.M., Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures (1989) Behav. Brain Sci., 12, pp. 1-49; Chambers, M.L., Hewitt, J.K., Schmitz, S., Corley, R.P., Fulker, D.W., Height, weight, and body mass index (2001) Infancy to Early Childhood: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Developmental Change, pp. 292-306. , J.K. Hewitt R.N. Emde Oxford University Press London; Clutton-Brock, T.H., Albon, S.D., Guinness, F.E., Great expectations: Maternal dominance, sex ratios and offspring reproductive success in red deer (1986) Anim. Behav., 34, pp. 460-471; Cronk, L., Preferential parental investment in daughters over sons (1991) Human Nature, 2, pp. 387-417; Dabbs Jr., J.M., Morris, R., Testosterone, social class, and antisocial behavior in a sample of 4462 men (1990) Psychol. Sci., 1, pp. 209-211; Freese, J., Powell, B., Sociobiology, status, and parental investment in sons and daughters: Testing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis (1999) Am. J. Sociol., 106, pp. 1704-1743; Gaulin, S.J.C., Robbins, C.J., Trivers-Willard effect in contemporary north American Society (1991) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 85, pp. 61-69; Grant, V.J., (1998) Maternal Personality, Evolution, and the Sex Ratio: Do Mothers Control the Sex of the Infant?, , Routledge London; Harris, J.A., Vernon, P.A., Boomsma, D.I., The heritability of testosterone: A study of Dutch adolescent twins and their parents (1998) Behav. Genet., 28, pp. 165-171; Kanazawa, S., Why we love our children (2001) Am. J. Sociol., 106, pp. 1761-1776; Kanazawa, S., Can evolutionary psychology explain reproductive behavior in the contemporary United States? (2003) Sociol. Quart., 44, pp. 291-301; Kanazawa, S., (2004) Battered Women Have More Sons: A Possible Evolutionary Reason Why Some of Them Stay, , Interdisciplinary Institute of Management. London School of Economics and Political Science; Kanazawa, S., Kovar, J.L., Why beautiful people are more intelligent (2004) Intelligence, 32, pp. 227-243; Kanazawa, S., Vandermassen, G., Engineers have more sons, nurses have more daughters: An evolutionary psychological extension of Baron-Cohen's extreme male brain theory of autism and its empirical implications (2005) J. Theor. Biol., 233, pp. 589-599; Keller, M.C., Nesse, R.M., Hofferth, S., The Trivers-Willard hypothesis of parental investment: No effect in the contemporary United States (2001) Evol. Human Behav., 22, pp. 343-360. , 10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00075-7; Koziel, S., Ulijaszek, S., Waiting for Trivers and Willard: Do the rich really favor sons? (2001) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 115, pp. 71-79; Leimar, O., Life history analysis of the Trivers-Willard sex-ratio problem (1996) Behav. Ecol., 7, pp. 316-325; Mueller, U., Social status and sex (1993) Nature, 363, p. 490; Myers, J.H., Sex ratio adjustment under food stress: Maximization of quality or number of offspring? (1978) Am. Nat., 112, pp. 381-388; Nettle, D., Height and reproductive success in a cohort of British men (2002) Human Nature, 13, pp. 473-491; Nettle, D., Women's height, reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans (2002) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B - Biol. Sci., 269, pp. 1919-1923; Pawlowski, B., Dunbar, R.I.M., Lipowicz, A., Tall men have more reproductive success (2000) Nature, 403, p. 156; Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., Lahelma, E., Viken, R.J., Rose, R.J., Sex differences in genetic and environmental factors contributing to body-height (2001) Twin Res., 4, pp. 25-29; Soler, H., Vinayak, P., Quadgno, D., Biosocial aspects of domestic violence (2000) Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, pp. 721-739; Symington, M.M., Sex ratio and maternal rank in wild spider monkeys: When daughters disperse (1987) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 20, pp. 421-425; Tallal, P., Ross, R., Curtiss, S., Unexpected sex-ratios in families of language/learning-impaired children (1989) Neuropsychologia, 27, pp. 987-998; Trivers, R.L., Parental investment and sexual selection (1972) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871-1971, pp. 136-179. , B. Campbell Aldine Chicago; Trivers, R., (2002) Natural Selection and Social Theory: Selected Papers of Robert Trivers, , Oxford University Press Oxford; Trivers, R.L., Willard, D.E., Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring (1973) Science, 179, pp. 90-92 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344366558&doi=10.1016%2fj.jtbi.2005.02.010&partnerID=40&md5=648697bd9145ec6566040e642822f614 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic position in childhood and early adult life and risk of mortality: A prospective study of the mothers of the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - Am. J. Public Health VL - 95 IS - 8 SP - 1396 EP - 1402 PY - 2005 DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2004.047340 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Smith, G.D. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. We sought to establish whether women's childhood socioeconomic position influenced their risk of mortality separately from the effects of adult socioeconomic position. Methods. We examined 11855 British women aged 14 to 49 years, with mortality follow-up over a 45-year period. Results. Trends according to childhood social class were observed for all-cause mortality, circulatory disease, coronary heart disease, respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, lung cancer, and stomach cancer, with higher death rates among members of unskilled manual groups. Associations attenuated after adjustment for adult social class, smoking, and body mass index. No trend was seen for breast cancer or accidents and violence. Adverse social conditions in both childhood and adulthood were associated with higher death rates from coronary heart disease and respiratory disease. Stomach cancer was influenced primarily by childhood conditions and lung cancer by factors in adult life. Conclusions. Socioeconomic position in childhood was associated with adult mortality in a large sample of British women. KW - accident KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - breast cancer KW - chronic obstructive lung disease KW - female KW - human KW - ischemia KW - ischemic heart disease KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - mortality KW - respiratory tract disease KW - smoking KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - stomach cancer KW - stroke KW - United Kingdom KW - violence KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Time Factors KW - Women's Health N1 - Cited By :92 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 15985645 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Galobardes, B., Lynch, J.W., Davey Smith, G., Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality in adulthood (2004) Epidemiol Rev, 26, pp. 7-21; Glicksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; Heslop, P., Davey Smith, G., Macleod, J., Hart, C., The socioeconomic position of employed women, risk factors and mortality (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 477-485; Wamala, S.P., Lynch, J., Kaplan, G.A., Women's exposure to early and later life socio-economic disadvantage and coronary heart disease risk: The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 275-284; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Claussen, B., Davey Smith, G., Thelle, D., Impact of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position on cause specific mortality: The Oslo Mortality Study (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 40-45; Pensola, T.H., Martikainen, P., Effect of living conditions in the parental home and youth paths on the social class differences in mortality among women (2003) Scand J Public Health, 31, pp. 428-438; Beebe-Dimmer, J., Lynch, J.W., Turrell, G., Lustgarten, S., Raghunathan, T., Kaplan, G.A., Childhood and adult socioeconomic conditions and 31-year mortality risk in women (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 159, pp. 481-490; Khaw, K.T., Where are the women in studies of coronary heart disease? (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 1145-1146; Koskinen, S., Martelin, T., Why are socioeconomic mortality differences smaller among women than among men? (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 1385-1396; Mackenbach, J.P., Kunst, A.E., Groenhof, F., Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men: An international study (1999) Am J Public Health, 89, pp. 1800-1806; Power, C., Due, P., Graham, H., The contribution of childhood and adult socioeconomic position to adult obesity and smoking behaviour: An international comparison (2005) Int J Epidemiol, 34, pp. 335-344; Lawlor, D.A., Emberson, J.R., Ebrahim, S., Is the association between parity and coronary heart disease due to biological effects of pregnancy or adverse lifestyle risk factors associated with child-rearing? Findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study and the British Regional Heart Study (2003) Circulation, 107, pp. 1254-1258; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Shepherd, P., Power, C., An intergenerational and life-course study of health and mortality risk based on the parents of the 1958 birth cohort (2005) Public Health, 119, pp. 599-607; (1992) International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Hole, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1631-1635; Coggan, D., Barker, D.J.P., Inskip, H., Wield, G., Housing in early life and later mortality (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 345-348; Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Relation between number of siblings and adult mortality and stroke risk: 25 Year follow up of men in the collaborative study (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 385-391; Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Leon, D.A., Sterne, J., Ebrahim, S., Secular trends in mortality by stroke subtype in the 20th century: A retrospective analysis (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1818-1823; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Association between self-reported childhood socio-economic position and adult lung function: Findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study (2004) Thorax, 59, pp. 199-203; Hole, D.J., Watt, G.C.M., Davey-Smith, G., Hart, C.L., Gillis, C.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: Findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 711-715; Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality (1984) Acta Med Scand, 679 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-56; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Early environment and child-to-adult growth trajectories in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 80, pp. 185-192; (1978) Occupational Mortality Decennial Supplement 1970-1972, 1. , London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office Series DS; Fox, A.J., Goldblatt, P.O., (1982) Longitudinal Study: Socio-Demographic Mortality Differentials 1971-1975, , London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Brown, J., Harding, S., Bethune, A., Rosato, M., Incidence of Health of the Nation cancers by social class (1997) Popul Trends, 90, pp. 40-47; Brown, J., Harding, S., Bethune, A., Rosato, M., Longitudinal study of socio-economic differences in the incidence of stomach, colorectal and pancreatic cancers (1998) Popul Trends, 94, pp. 35-41 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19744375047&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.2004.047340&partnerID=40&md5=490a9bf68ffbb0ce8b65328a46c815c6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult materialism/postmaterialism and later mental health: The role of self-efficacy T2 - Social Indicators Research J2 - Soc. Indic. Res. VL - 73 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 18 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s11205-004-3234-z SN - 03038300 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AD - University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study used data from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS) to examine the relationship between materialism/postmaterialism and later mental health. Materialism/postmaterialism was assessed (using Inglehart's 4-item index) at age 33 and mental health (measured by the GHQ-12) was assessed at age 42. It was found that after controlling for socio-economic status at birth, father and mother involvement in early childhood, parental family structure throughout childhood, psychological maladjustment in adolescence, educational attainment and contemporaneous factors (labour force participation, self-reported physical health, belonging to a religion, and being partnered) materialism was negatively related to ill mental health in men. The relationship between materialism and later mental health became insignificant, however, once self-efficacy was entered in the model, suggesting that materialism was positively associated with self-efficacy which was positively related to mental health. Postmaterialism was insignificantly related to mental health in both men and women. © Springer 2005. KW - Materialism KW - Mental health KW - Postmaterialism KW - Self-efficacy KW - child development KW - consumption behavior KW - mental health KW - risk factor KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council N1 - Funding text: The study reported in this paper was supported by a fellowship award to Eirini Flouri from the UK Economic and Social Research Council. N1 - References: Amato, P.R., 'Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood' (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; Bandura, A., 'Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective' (2001) Annual Review of Psychology, 52, pp. 1-26. , 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1 11148297; Bebbington, P.E., Dunn, G., Jenkins, R., Lewis, G., Brugha, T., Farrell, M., Meltzer, H., 'The influence of age and sex on the prevalence of depressive conditions: Report from the national survey of psychiatric morbidity' (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 9-19. , 10.1017/S0033291797006077 9483679; Belk, R.W., 'Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world' (1985) Journal of Consumer Research, 12, pp. 265-280. , 10.1086/208515; Beutel, A.M., Marini, M.M., 'Gender and values' (1995) American Sociological Review, 60, pp. 436-448; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments By Nature and Design, , Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA; Buchanan, A., ten Brinke, J., Flouri, E., 'Parental background, social disadvantage, public "care", and psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood' (2000) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1415-1423. , 10.1097/00004583-200011000-00016 11068897; Burroughs, J.E., Rindfsleich, A., 'Materialism and well-being: A conflicting values perspective' (2002) Journal of Consumer Research, 29, pp. 348-370. , 10.1086/344429; Chang, L., Arkin, R.M., 'Materialism as an attempt to cope with uncertainty' (2002) Psychology and Marketing, 19, pp. 389-406. , 10.1002/mar.10016; Clark, A.E., Oswald, A.J., 'Unhappiness and unemployment' (1994) Economic Journal, 104, pp. 648-659; Cohen, P., Cohen, J., (1996) Life Values and Adolescent Mental Health, , Erlbaum Mahwah, NJ; Compas, B., 'Promoting successful coping during adolescence' (1995) Psychosocial Disturbances in Young People: Challenges for Prevention, pp. 247-273. , M. Rutter (ed.) Cambridge University Press Cambridge; DeNeve, K., 'Happy as an extraverted clam? The role of personality for subjective well-being' (1999) Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, pp. 141-144. , 10.1111/1467-8721.00033; Diener, E., Suh, E.M., Lucas, R.E., Smith, H.L., 'Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress' (1999) Psychological Bulletin, 125, pp. 276-302. , 10.1037//0033-2909.125.2.276; Donath, S., 'The validity of the 12-item general health questionnaire in Australia: A comparison between three scoring methods' (2001) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, pp. 231-235. , 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00869.x 11284906; Dweck, C.S., Leggett, E.L., 'A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality' (1988) Psychological Review, 95, pp. 256-273. , 10.1037//0033-295X.95.2.256; Easterlin, R.A., Crimmins, E.M., 'Private materialism, personal self-fulfillment, family life and public interest: The nature, effects, and causes of recent changes in the values of American youth' (1991) Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, pp. 499-533. , 10.1086/269280; Eccles, J.S., Adler, T.F., Futterman, R., Coff, S.B., Kaczala, C.M., Meece, J.L., Midgley, C., 'Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors' (1983) Achievement and Academic Motivation, pp. 75-146. , J.T. Spence (ed.) Freeman San Francisco; Farrington, D., 'The development of offending and antisocial behaviour from childhood: Key findings from the Cambridge study of delinquent development' (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 929-964. , 7593403; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., 'The role of father involvement in children's later mental health' (2003) Journal of Adolescence, 26, pp. 63-78. , 10.1016/S0140-1971(02)00116-1 12550822; Ford, M.E., (1992) Human Motivation: Goals, Emotions, and Personal Agency Beliefs, , Sage Newbury Park, CA; Ger, G., Belk, R.W., 'Cross-cultural differences in materialism' (1996) Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, pp. 55-77. , 10.1016/0167-4870(95)00035-6; Goldberg, D.P., (1978) Manual of the General Health Questionnaire, , NFER-NELSON Windsor; Goldberg, D.P., Gater, R., Sartorius, N., Ustun, T.B., Piccinelli, M., Gureje, O., Rutter, C., 'The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care' (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 191-197. , 10.1017/S0033291796004242 9122299; Goldberg, D.P., Williams, P., (1988) A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire, , NFER-NELSON Windsor; Hair Jr., J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., (1995) Multivariate Data Analysis With Readings, , Prentice-Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ; Hartog, J., Oosterbeek, H., 'Health, wealth and happiness: Why pursue a higher education' (1998) Economics of Education Review, 17, pp. 245-256. , 10.1016/S0272-7757(97)00064-2; Inglehart, R., (1977) The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Republics, , Princeton University Press Princeton NJ; Inglehart, R., (1990) Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, , Princeton University Press Princeton, NJ; Kassser, T., (2002) The High Price of Materialism, , MIT Press Cambridge, MA; Kasser, T., Sheldon, K.M., 'Of wealth and death: Materialism, mortality, and consumption behavior' (2000) Psychological Science, 11, pp. 348-351. , 10.1111/1467-9280.00269 11273398; Kendler, K.S., Gardner, C.O., Prescott, C.A., 'Religion, psychopathology, and substance use and abuse: A multimeasure, genetic-epidemiologic study' (1997) American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, pp. 322-329. , 9054778; Kovacs, M., Devlin, B., 'Internalizing disorders in childhood' (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 147-163. , 10.1017/S0021963097001765; Labarbera, P.A., Gurhan, Z., 'The role of materialism, religiosity, and demographics in subjective well-being' (1997) Psychology & Marketing, 14, pp. 71-97; Lefcourt, H.M., (1984) Research With the Locus of Control Construct, , (ed.) Academic Press New York; Maccoby, E.E., 'Parenting and its effects on children: On reading and misreading behavior genetics' (2000) Annual Review of Psychology, 51, pp. 1-27. , 10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.1 10751963; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., 'School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: A longitudinal study' (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 669-685. , 10.1017/S0021963098002625 9690931; Mick, D.G., 'Are studies of dark side variables confounded by socially desirable responding?' (1996) Journal of Consumer Research, 23, pp. 106-119. , 10.1086/209470; Pulkkinen, L., Nygren, H., Kokko, K., 'Successful development: Childhood antecedents of adaptive psychosocial functioning in adulthood' (2002) Journal of Adult Development, 9, pp. 251-265. , 10.1023/A:1020234926608; Resnick, M.D., Bearman, P.S., Blum, R.W., Bauman, K.E., Harris, K.M., Jones, J., Tabor, J., Udry, J.R., 'Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health' (1998) Adolescent Behavior and Society: A Book of Readings, pp. 376-395. , R.E. Muuss & H.D. Porton (eds.) McGraw-Hill New York; Richins, M.L., Dawson, S., 'A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation' (1992) Journal of Consumer Research, 19, pp. 303-316. , 10.1086/209304; Rudmin, F.W., 'German and Canadian data on motivations for ownership: Was Pythagoras right?' (1990) Advances in Consumer Research, 17, pp. 176-181; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman London; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., 'The influence of context, timing, and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to midadulthood' (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504. , 10.1111/1467-8624.00485 12361314; Seligman, M.E.P., (1975) Helplessness, , Freeman San Francisco; Shepherd, P., 'Appendix I: Analysis of response bias' (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-188. , E. Ferri (ed.) National Children's Bureau London; Swinyard, W.R., Kau, A., Phua, H., 'Happiness, materialism, and religious experience in the US and Singapore' (2001) Journal of Happiness Studies, 2, pp. 13-32. , 10.1023/A:1011596515474; Tait, R.J., Hulse, G.K., Robertson, S.I., 'A review of the validity of the General Health Questionnaire in adolescent populations' (2002) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, pp. 550-557. , 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01028.x 12169157; Wallerstein, J.S., 'The long-term effects of divorce on children: A review' (1991) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, pp. 231-236 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23944499639&doi=10.1007%2fs11205-004-3234-z&partnerID=40&md5=ffc7826133596c394068ddd17038f465 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The wage scar from male youth unemployment T2 - Labour Economics J2 - Labour Econ. VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 487 EP - 509 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.labeco.2005.05.004 SN - 09275371 (ISSN) AU - Gregg, P. AU - Tominey, E. AD - CMPO, Department of Economics, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom AD - Department of Economics, UCL, London, United Kingdom AB - We utilise the National Child Development Survey to analyse the impact of youth unemployment upon the wage up to twenty years later. We find a large and significant wage penalty, even after controlling for education, region and a wealth of family and individual characteristics. Our estimates are robust to an instrumental variables technique, indicating that the relationship estimated between youth unemployment and the wage is causal. Our results suggest a scar from early unemployment in the magnitude of 13-21% at age 42. However, this penalty is lower, at 9-11%, if individuals avoid repeat exposure to unemployment. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Cost of job loss KW - Scarring KW - Youth unemployment N1 - Cited By :86 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LECOE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gregg, P.; CMPO, Department of Economics, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom; email: P.Gregg@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Arulampalam, W., Is unemployment really scarring? Effects of unemployment experiences on wages (2001) Economic Journal, 111 (475), pp. 585-606; Becker, G.S., (1975) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis With Special Reference to Education, , 2nd Edition New York: NBER with Columbia University Press; Borland, J., Gregg, P., Knight, J., Wadsworth, J., They get knocked down. Do they get up again? (2002) Losing Work, Moving On: Worker Displacement in an International Context, , Displaced workers in Britain and Australia, prepared for CILN conference on Displaced Workers, Burlington, Sept 1998 P. Kuhn (Eds.) Upjohn Institute Michigan; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational Mobility in Britain (1997) Economic Journal, 107 (440), pp. 47-66; Gregg, P., The Impact of Youth Unemployment on Adult Unemployment in the NCDS (2001) Economic Journal, 111 (475), pp. F623-F653; Gregg, P., Machin, S., Child development and success or failure in the youth labour market (2000) Youth Unemployment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries, , D. Blanchflower R. Freemam (Eds) (NBER Comparative Labour Market Series) University of Chicago Press Chicago; Gregg, P., Tominey, E., The wage scar from youth unemployment (2003), CMPO Working Paper 04/097. Original version of current paper; Gregory, M., Jukes, R., Unemployment and subsequent earnings: Estimating scarring among British men 1984-94 (2001) Economic Journal, 111 (475), pp. 607-625; Jacobson, L., LaLonde, R., Sullivan, D., Earnings losses of displaced workers (1993) American Economic Review, 83, pp. 685-709; Manning, A., (2003) Monopsony in Motion, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Nickell, S., Jones, P., Quintini, G., A picture of job insecurity facing British men (2002) Economic Journal, 112 (476), pp. 1-27; Pissarides, C., Search unemployment with on-the-job search (1994) Review of Economic Studies, 61, pp. 457-475; Rhum, C.J., Are workers permanently scarred by job displacement? (1991) American Economic Review, 81 (1), pp. 319-324; Stevens, A.H., Persistent effects of job displacement: The importance of multiple job losses (1997) Journal of Labor Economics, 15 (1), pp. 165-188 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24044530412&doi=10.1016%2fj.labeco.2005.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=066cee32e56a848bbe3bc42be6af064b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity in South Australian adults - Prevalence, projections and generational assessment over 13 years T2 - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health J2 - Aust. New Zealand J. Public Health VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 343 EP - 348 PY - 2005 SN - 13260200 (ISSN) AU - Dal Grande, E. AU - Gill, T. AU - Taylor, A.W. AU - Chittleborough, C. AU - Carter, P. AD - Population Research and Outcomes Studies Unit, Department of Health, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia AD - Health Promotion SA, Department of Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia AB - Objectives: To examine the trend in obesity prevalence using annual representative cross-sectional samples of the South Australian population, to project the increase of obesity using current trends, and to examine the increase in prevalence by generational assessment. Methods: Face-to-face interviews of representative population samples of people aged 18 years and over living in South Australia from 1991 to 1998 and again in 2001 and 2003. Information on height and weight was provided by participants, in order to calculate body mass index (BMI) as a measure of obesity. Results: The proportion of respondents classified as obese according to their self-reported body mass index (BMI ≥30 to <35) increased significantly from 8.7% in 1991 to 14.1% in 2003 (χ 2 trend=79.4, p<0.001). Severe obesity (BMI ≥35) increased significantly from 2.6% in 1991 to 5.3% in 2003 (χ 2 trend=50.4, p<0.001). Current prevalence trends indicate that by 2013, the self-reported prevalence of obesity in South Australian adults will be 27.8%, with the prevalence in males being 26.4% and in females, 29.3%. Secular obesity trends indicate that younger birth cohorts had the greatest percentage increases. Conclusions: Obesity has increased significantly between 1991 and 2003, and is increasing fastest among younger adults. Multifactorial interventions at all levels of the population are required to prevent overweight and obesity and promote weight maintenance, weight loss and address the health burden of obesity. KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - Australia KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - controlled study KW - disease severity KW - female KW - human KW - interview KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - weight reduction KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Interviews KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Sex Distribution KW - South Australia N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AZPHF C2 - 16222932 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dal Grande, E.; Population Research and Outcomes Studies Unit, Department of Health, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; email: eleonora.delgrande@health.sa.gov.au N1 - References: (2000) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , World Health Organization. Geneva (CHE): WHO; Mokdad, A., Serdula, M., Dietz, W., Bowman, B., The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998 (1999) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, pp. 1519-1522; Weisberg, S., Societal change to prevent obesity (2002) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 288, p. 2176; Field, A., Coakley, E., Must, A., Spadano, J., Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period (2001) Arch. Intern. Med., 161, pp. 1581-1586; (2001) National Cardiovascular Disease Database: Cardiovascular Risk Factor Report, , Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Canberra (Aust): AIHW; (1997) National Nutrition Survey: Selected Highlights 1995, , Australian Bureau of Statistics. Canberra (Aust): ABS; Cameron, A., Welborn, T., Zimmet, P., Dunstan, D., Overweight and obesity in Australia: The 1999-2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) (2003) Med. J. Aust., 178, pp. 427-432; (2003) Are All Australians Gaining Weight? Differentials in Overweight and Obesity Among Adults 1989-1990 to 2001, , Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Canberra (Aust): AIHW; Lahti-Koski, M., Jousilahti, P., Pietinen, P., Secular trends in body mass index by birth cohort in eastern Finland from 1972 to 1997 (2001) Int. J. Obes., 25, pp. 727-734; Juhaeri, S., Johnes, D.W., Arnett, D., Associations of aging and birth cohort with body mass in a biethnic cohort (2003) Obes. Res., 11, pp. 426-433; Jacobsen, B., Njolstad, I., Thune, I., Wilsgaard, T., Lochne, M.-L., Schirmer, H., Increase in weight in all birth cohorts in a general population. The Tromso Study, 1974-1994 (2001) Arch. Int. Med., 161, pp. 466-472; Jeffery, R., Public health strategies for obesity treatment and prevention (2001) Am. J. Health Behav., 25, pp. 252-259; Crawford, D., Population strategies to prevent obesity (2002) Br. Med. J., 325, pp. 728-729; Wilson, D., Wakefield, M., Taylor, A., The South Australian Health Omnibus Survey (1992) Health Promot. J. Aust., 2, pp. 47-49; (2002) The Health Omnibus Survey (HOS) Methodology - 2002-2004, , Population Research and Outcomes Studies Unit. Adelaide (Aust): Department of Human Services; Strauss, W., Howe, N., Generations in history (1996) The Fourth Turning, an American Prophecy, , http://www.fourthturning.com/my_html/body_generations_in_history.html, editors. [monograph on the Internet]. New York: Broadway Books; [cited 2004 August]. Available from; (1999) Humanities Social Studies; Seminar 5: Popular Culture, , http://www.mccsc.edu/~rcourtne/genres.htm, Jackson Creek Middle School [Generations Research page on the Internet]. Bloomington (IL): Monroe County Community School Corporation; [updated 2005 May 1; cited 2004 August]. Available from; Visscher, T., Kromhout, D., Seidell, J., Long term and recent time trends in the prevalence of obesity among Dutch men and women (2002) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 26, pp. 1218-1224; Mokdad, A., Ford, E., Bowman, B., Dietz, W., Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors (2001) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 289, pp. 76-79; Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Ogden, C., Johnson, C., Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000 (2002) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 288, pp. 1772-1773; Seidell, J., Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes - A worldwide epidemic (2000) Br. J. Nutr., 83, pp. S5-S8; Niedhammer, I., Bugel, I., Bonenfant, S., Goldberg, M., LeClerc, A., Validity of self-reported weight and height in the French GAZEL cohort (2000) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 24, pp. 1111-1118; Engstrom, J., Paterson, S., Doherty, A., Trabulsi, M., Speer, K.L., Accuracy of self-reported height and weight in women: An integrative review of the literature (2003) J. Midwifery Womens Health, 48, pp. 338-345; Ball, K., Crawford, D., Ireland, P., Hodge, A., Patterns and demographic predictors of 5-year weight change in a multi-ethnic cohort of men and women in Australia (2003) Public Health Nutr., 6, pp. 269-281; Magarey, A., Daniels, L., Boulton, T., Cockington, R., Predicting obesity in early adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (2003) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 27, pp. 505-513; Lake, J., Power, C., Cole, T., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch. Dis. Child., 77, pp. 376-381; Booth, M., Wake, M., Armstrong, T., Chey, T., Epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-1997 (2001) Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health, 25, pp. 162-169; Cole, T., Bellizzi, M., Flegal, K., Dietz, W., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) Br. Med. J., 320, pp. 1-6; Timperio, A., Cameron-Smith, D., Burns, C., Crawford, D., The public's response to the obesity epidemic in Australia: Weight concerns and weight control practices of men and women (2000) Public Health Nutr., 3, pp. 417-424; (1997) Acting on Australia's Weight. A Strategic Plan for the Prevention of Over-weight and Obesity, , National Health and Medical Research Council. Canberra (Aust): NHMRC; (2003) Healthy Weight 2008 - Australia's Future, , National Obesity Taskforce. Canberra (Aust): Department of Health and Ageing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27944440132&partnerID=40&md5=a34aab73ea85b4f8b58c9d3b6c3ac3d6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early life predictors of childhood intelligence: Evidence from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s study T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 8 SP - 656 EP - 663 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2004.030205 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Batty, G.D. AU - Morton, S.M.B. AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Macintyre, S. AU - Ronalds, G. AU - Leon, D.A. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To identify the early life predictors of childhood intelligence. Design: Cohort study of 10 424 children who were born in Aberdeen (Scotland) between 1950 and 1956. Results: Social class of father around the time of birth, gravidity, maternal age, maternal physical condition, whether the child was born outside of marriage, prematurity, intrauterine growth, and childhood height were all independently associated with childhood intelligence at ages 7, 9, and 11. The effect of social class at birth was particularly pronounced, with a graded linear association across the distribution even with adjustment for all other covariates (p<0.001 for linear trend). Those from the lowest social class (V) had intelligence scores that were on average 0.9-1.0 of a standard deviation lower than those from the higher groups (I and II) at each of the three ages of intelligence testing. Collectively, the early life predictors that were examined explained 16% of the variation in intelligence at each age. Conclusions: Father's social class around the time of birth was an important predictor of childhood intelligence, even after adjustment for maternal characteristics and perinatal and childhood factors. Studies of the association of childhood intelligence with future adult disease need to ensure that the association is not fully explained by socioeconomic position. KW - educational attainment KW - social status KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - human KW - intelligence KW - intelligence test KW - male KW - maternal age KW - normal human KW - parity KW - prediction KW - preeclampsia KW - prematurity KW - prenatal growth KW - school child KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Intelligence KW - Male KW - Marital Status KW - Maternal Age KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Scotland KW - Sex Distribution KW - Social Class KW - Aberdeen [Aberdeen (UNA)] KW - Aberdeen [Scotland] KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Scotland KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :55 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 16020642 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Starr, J.M., Taylor, M.D., Hart, C.L., Childhood mental ability and blood pressure at midlife: Linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the Midspan studies (2004) J Hypertens, 22, pp. 893-897; Hart, C.L., Taylor, M.D., Davey Smith, G., Childhood IQ, social class, deprivation, and their relationships with mortality and morbidity risk in later life: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the midspan studies (2003) Psychosom Med, 65, pp. 877-883; Osier, M., Andersen, A.M., Due, P., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686. , Correction appears in J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:995; Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76 (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 819; Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 408-413; Batty, G.D., Deary, I.J., Early life intelligence and adult health. Emerging associations, plausible mechanisms, and public health importance (2004) BMJ, 329, pp. 585-586; Taylor, M.D., Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Childhood mental ability and smoking cessation in adulthood: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the midspan studies (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 464-465; Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children (2003) Psychol Sci, 14, pp. 623-628; Turkheimer, E., Individual and group differences in adoption studies of IQ (1991) Psychol Bull, 110, pp. 392-405; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychol Bull, 130, pp. 989-1013; Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H., Deldotto, J., Low birth weight and neurocognitive status at six years of age (1996) Biol Psychiatry, 40, pp. 389-397; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population basea study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish mental survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Childhood, 85, pp. 189-197; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, p. 305; Gordon, M., Crouthamel, C., Post, E.M., Psychosocial aspects of constitutional short stature: Social competence, behavior problems, self-esteem, and family functioning (1982) J Pediatr, 101, pp. 477-480; Stabler, B., Clopper, R.R., Siegel, P.T., Academic achievement and psychological adjustment in short children. The national cooperative growth study (1994) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 15, pp. 1-6; Stathis, S.L., O'Callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M., Behavioural and cognitive associations of short stature at 5 years (1999) Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 35, pp. 562-567; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 342-348; Boardman, J.D., Powers, D.A., Padilla, Y.C., Low birth weight, social factors, and developmental outcomes among children in the United States (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 353-368; O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G.M., Andersen, M.J., Social and biological risk factors for mild and borderline impairment of language comprehension in a cohort of five-year-old children (1995) Dev Med Child Neurol, 37, pp. 1051-1061; McLoyd, V.C., Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development (1998) Am Psychol, 53, pp. 185-204; Gomez-Sanchiz, M., Canete, R., Rodero, I., Influence of breast-feeding on mental and psychomotor development (2003) Clin Pediatr, 42, pp. 35-42; Guo, G., Harris, K.M., The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 431-447; Rowe, D.C., Jacobson, K.C., Van Den Oord, E.J., Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ: Parental education level as moderator (1999) Child Dev, 70, pp. 1151-1202; Batty, G.D., Morton, S.M.B., Campbell, D., The Aberdeen children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods, and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life-course and intergenerational effects on health (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18, pp. 221-239; Illsley, R., Wilson, F., Longitudinal studies in Aberdeen, Scotland. C. The Aberdeen child development survey (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research. An Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 66-68. , Mednick S, Baert A, Bachmann B, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Birch, H.G., Richardson, S.A., Baird, D., (1970) Mental Subnormality in the Community: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Study, , Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; (1951) Classification of Occupations 1950, , London: General Registrar Office; Royston, P., Multiple imputation of missing values (2004) Stata Journal, 4, pp. 227-241; Korenman, S., Miller, J., Sjaastad, J., Long-term poverty and child development in the United States: Results from the NLSY (1995) Children and Youth Services Review, 17, pp. 127-155; Flamin, R., Craig, I., Genetics, environment and cognitive abilities: Review and work in progress towards a genome scan for quantitative trait locus associations using DNA pooling (2001) Br J Psychiatry Suppl, 40, pp. s41-8; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Is there a sex difference in the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure in later life? Findings from a meta-regression analysis (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 156, pp. 1100-1104; Mackenzie, H., (1953) The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. The City of Aberdeen, , Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Thomson, B., Hewitt, A., Skipper, D., (1985) Having a First Baby-experiences in 1951 and 1985 Compared: Two Social, Obstetric and Dietary Studies of Married Primigraviddae in Aberdeen, , Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press; Hofferth, S.L., Smith, J., McLoyd, V.C., Achievement and behavior among children of welfare recipients, welfare leavers, and low-income single mothers (2000) Journal of Social Issues, 56, pp. 747-774 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23144442024&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.030205&partnerID=40&md5=d6f95de6b497e432c3ba5bb5a9103c29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of short stature on the change in pulse pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure from age 36 to 53 years: An analysis using multilevel models T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 905 EP - 913 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyi071 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Langenberg, C. AU - Hardy, R. AU - Breeze, E. AU - Kuh, D. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States AB - Background: Previous cross-sectional analyses of this cohort have shown that short height and leg length are associated with higher pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure in middle age. It is unclear how these adult measures of childhood growth influence the change in blood pressure as it increases with age. Methods: Multilevel models were fitted to investigate associations between components of height and the change in blood pressure between 36, 43, and 53 years in a prospective national cohort of 1472 men and 1563 women followed-up since birth in 1946. Results. Shorter height and leg length, but not trunk length, were associated with higher blood pressure, similarly in men and women. Longitudinal analyses showed that the effects of both height and leg length on pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure became significantly stronger with age. For example, the change in systolic blood pressure was found to be -0.021 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -0.029 to -0.013) per year lower for every centimetre increase in leg length (P ≤ 0.001). In other words, the increase in systolic blood pressure over a 10 year period of a participant whose legs were 10 centimetres shorter was 2.1 mm Hg higher (P ≤ 0.001), compared with a taller participant. Associations were independent of a number of potential confounders. Conclusions. These results support the hypothesis that short people may be more susceptible to the effects of ageing on the arterial tree. Childhood growth may contribute to the tracking of cardiovascular risk throughout life. © The Author 2005; all rights reserved. KW - Blood pressure KW - Body height KW - Cohort study KW - Growth KW - Pulse pressure KW - hypertension KW - adult KW - aging KW - article KW - body height KW - cardiovascular risk KW - child growth KW - childbirth KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - diastolic blood pressure KW - disease predisposition KW - female KW - follow up KW - groups by age KW - human KW - hypertension KW - leg length KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - pulse pressure KW - sex difference KW - short stature KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - systolic blood pressure KW - trunk KW - Adult KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Height KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Diastole KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Leg KW - Linear Models KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prospective Studies KW - Pulse KW - Risk Factors KW - Systole N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15833796 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Langenberg, C.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: c.langenberg@ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Berenson, G.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Newman III, W.P., Tracy, R.E., Wattigney, W.A., Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1998) N. Engl. J. Med., 338, pp. 1650-1656; Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Persistence of multiple cardiovascular risk clustering related to syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1994) Arch. Intern. Med., 154, pp. 1842-1847; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death - Specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; McCarron, P., Okasha, M., McEwen, J., Davey Smith, G., Height in young adulthood and risk of death from cardiorespiratory disease: A prospective study of male former students of Glasgow University, Scotland (2002) Am. J. Epidemiol., 155, pp. 683-687; Song, Y.M., Davey Smith, G., Sung, J., Adult height and cause-specific mortality: A large prospective study of South Korean men (2003) Am. J. Epidemiol., 158, pp. 479-485; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in pre-war britain (1998) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 52, pp. 142-152; Davey Smith, G., Greenwood, R., Gunnell, D., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Elwood, P., Leg length, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk: The Caerphilly Study (2001) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 55, pp. 867-872; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., The association between components of adult height and Type II diabetes and insulin resistance: British Women's Heart and Health Study (2002) Diabetologia, 45, pp. 1097-1106; Gunnell, D., Whitley, E., Upton, M.N., McConnachie, A., Davey Smith, G., Watt, G.C., Associations of height, leg length, and lung function with cardiovascular risk factors in the Midspan Family Study (2003) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 57, pp. 141-146; Lawlor, D.A., Taylor, M., Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Ebrahim, S., Associations of components of adult height with coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women: The British women's heart and health study (2004) Heart, 90, pp. 745-749; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S.J., Kemp, M., Peters, T.J., Socio-economic and dietary influences on leg length and trunk length in childhood: A reanalysis of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in prewar Britain (1937-39) (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 96-113; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Hardy, R.J., Paul, A.A., Marshall, S.F., Cole, T.J., Leg and trunk length at 43 years in relation to childhood health, diet and family circumstances; evidence from the 1946 national birth cohort (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol., 31, pp. 383-390; Montgomery, S.M., Berney, L.R., Blane, D., Prepubertal stature and blood pressure in early old age (2000) Arch. Dis. Child, 82, pp. 358-363; Langenberg, C., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Influence of height, leg and trunk length on pulse pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (2003) J. Hypertens., 21, pp. 537-543; Wadsworth, M.E., Butterworth, S.L., Hardy, R.J., The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc. Sci. Med., 57, pp. 2193-2205; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Langenberg, C., Wadsworth, M.E., Birthweight, childhood social class, and change in adult blood pressure in the 1946 British birth cohort (2003) Lancet, 362, pp. 1178-1183; (2002) Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0, , College Station. Texas: Stata Corporation; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 2nd edn. London: Edward Arnold; Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J., Plewis, I., (1998) A User's Guide to MLwiN. Multilevel Models Project, , 2nd edn. London: Institute of Education, University of London; Raudenbush, S.W., Bryck, A.S., (2002) Hierarchical Linear Models, , 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; Little, R.J., Raghunathan, T., On summary measures analysis of the linear mixed effects model for repeated measures when data are not missing completely at random (1999) Stat. Med., 18, pp. 2465-2478; Leeson, C.P., Kattenhorn, M., Deanfield, J.E., Lucas, A., Duration of breast feeding and arterial distensibility in early adult life: Population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 643-647; Rose, G., Hypertension in the community (1985) Epidemiology of Hypertension, pp. 1-14. , Bulpitt C (ed). Amsterdam: Elsevier; Cole, T.J., Secular trends in growth (2000) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 59, pp. 317-324; Tanner, J.M., (1981) A History of the Study of Human Growth, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 663-668; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Smith, A.M., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Social factors and height gain of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1980) Ann. Hum. Biol., 7, pp. 115-124; Michaelsen, K.F., Larsen, P.S., Thomsen, B.L., Samuelson, G., The Copenhagen cohort study on infant nutrition and growth: Duration of breast feeding and influencing factors (1994) Acta Paediatr., 83, pp. 565-571; Langenberg, C., Marmot, M., Commentary: Disentangling the association between short height and cardiovascular risk-genes or environment? (2003) Int. J. Epidemiol., 32, pp. 614-616; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Cline, M.G., Meredith, K.E., Boyer, J.T., Burrows, B., Decline of height with age in adults in a general population sample: Estimating maximum height and distinguishing birth cohort effects from actual loss of stature with aging (1989) Hum. Biol., 61, pp. 415-425; Nystrom Peck, A.M., Lundberg, O., Short stature as an effect of economic and social conditions in childhood (1995) Soc. Sci. Med., 41, pp. 733-738; Zimet, G.D., Owens, R., Dahms, W., Cutler, M., Litvene, M., Cuttler, L., Psychosocial outcome of children evaluated for short stature (1997) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 151, pp. 1017-1023 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26444585608&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyi071&partnerID=40&md5=b52b1614adb2c7ebbf1d4875a9b42eef ER - TY - JOUR TI - Young fatherhood and subsequent disadvantage in the United Kingdom T2 - Journal of Marriage and Family J2 - J. Marriage Fam. VL - 67 IS - 3 SP - 735 EP - 753 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00166.x SN - 00222445 (ISSN) AU - Sigle-Rushton, W. AD - London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - Although there has been increasing attention to the importance of fathers and their relationships with their children, few studies have examined young parenthood and its consequences for fathers' life chances. In recent years, this has begun to change, and research is examining, to a far greater extent, the experiences of young fathers. Using data from a cohort of British men born in 1970, this paper uses a propensity score-matching technique to compare the well-being of 344 men who reported becoming fathers before the age of 22 with men from similar backgrounds who did not. The findings suggest that selection into young fatherhood is substantial but, for some outcomes, significant differences remain. KW - British cohort study KW - Fatherhood KW - Propensity score matching N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JMFAA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sigle-Rushton, W.; London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom; email: w.siglerushton@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Becker, S.O., Ichino, A., Estimation of average treatment effects based on propensity scores (2002) Stata Journal, 2, pp. 358-377; Boheim, R., Ermisch, J., Partnership dissolution in the UK: The role of economic circumstances (2001) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 63, pp. 197-208; Brien, M.J., Willis, R.J., Costs and consequences for the fathers (1997) Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, pp. 95-143. , R. A. Maynard (Ed.). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; Burchardt, T., Legrand, J., Piachaud, D., Degrees of exclusion: Developing a dynamic, multidimensional measure (2002) Understanding Social Exclusion, pp. 30-44. , J. Hills, J. LeGrand, & D. Piachaud (Eds.). Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Card, J.J., Wise, L.L., Teenage mothers and teenage fathers: The impact of early childbearing on the parents' personal and professional lives (1978) Family Planning Perspectives, 10, pp. 199-205; Collins, D., Deepchand, K., Fitzgerald, R., Perry, J., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Smith, K., (2001) Stability, Change, and Development in the British Population, , London: Joint Centre for Longitudinal Research; Dearden, K., Hale, C., Alvarez, J., The educational antecedents of teen fatherhood (1992) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, pp. 139-147; Dearden, K., Hale, C., Blankson, M., Family structure, function, and the early transition to fatherhood in Great Britain: Identifying antecedents using longitudinal data (1994) Journal of Marriage and Family, 56, pp. 844-852; Dearden, K., Hale, C., Woolley, T., Home, school, and society: Identifying the antecedents of teen fatherhood (1995) American Journal of Public Health, 58, pp. 551-554; Dehejia, R., Wahba, S., (1998) Propensity Score Matching Methods for Non-experimental Causal Studies, , (NBER Working Paper No. 6829). Cambridge, MA: NBER; Despotiduou, S., Shepherd, P., (1998) 1970 British Cohort Study, Twenty Six Year Follow Up, , London: Statistics Research Unit, City University; Elder Jr., G.H., Time, human agency, and social change: Perspectives on the life course (1994) Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, pp. 4-15; Gottfredson, M., Hirschi, T., (1990) A General Theory of Crime, , Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press; Halle, T., (2002) Charting Parenthood: A Statistical Portrait of Fathers and Mothers in America, , Washington, DC: Child Trends; Hanson, S.L., Morrison, D.R., Ginsburg, A.L., The antecedents of teenage fatherhood (1989) Demography, 26, pp. 579-596; Heckman, J., Ichimura, H., Smith, J., Todd, P., Characterizing selection bias using experimental data (1998) Econometrica, 66, pp. 1017-1098; Hobcraft, J.N., (1998) Intergenerational and Life-course Transmission of Social Exclusion: Influences of Child Poverty, Family Disruption, and Contact with the Police, , (CASE Paper No. 15). London: ESRC Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Hobcraft, J.N., Kiernan, K.E., Child poverty, early motherhood, and adult social exclusion (2001) British Journal of Sociology, 52, pp. 495-517; Hotz, V.J., McElroy, S.W., Sanders, S.G., The impacts of teenage childbearing on the mothers and the consequences of those impacts for government (1997) Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, pp. 54-94. , R. A. Maynard (Ed.). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; Jaffee, S.R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Taylor, A., Dickson, N., Predicting early fatherhood and whether young fathers live with their children: Prospective findings and policy reconsiderations (2001) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, pp. 803-815; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts - A longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37, pp. 363-380; Kiernan, K.E., Mueller, G., Who divorces? (1999) Changing Britain: Families and Households in the 1990s, pp. 377-403. , S. McRae (Ed.). Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Lerman, R.I., A national profile of young unwed fathers (1993) Young Unwed Fathers: Changing Roles, Emerging Policies, pp. 27-51. , R. I. Lerman & T. J. Ooms (Eds.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Lichter, D.T., Graefe, D.R., Finding a mate? The marital and cohabitation histories of unwed mothers (2001) Out of Wedlock: Causes and Consequences of Nonmarital Childbearing, pp. 317-343. , L. L. Wu & B. Wolfe (Eds.). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Michael, R.T., Tuma, N.B., Entry in marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background (1985) Demography, 22, pp. 515-544; Moore, K.A., Morrison, D.R., Greene, A.D., Effects on the children born to adolescent mothers (1997) Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, pp. 145-180. , R. A. Maynard (Ed.). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; Moore, K.A., Myers, D., Morrison, D.R., Nord, C., Brown, B., Edmonstron, B., Age at first childbirth and later poverty (1993) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, pp. 393-422; Neugarten, B.L., Adaptation and the life cycle (1976) Counseling Psychologist, 6, pp. 16-20; Nock, S.L., The consequences of premarital fatherhood (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 250-263; Nock, S.L., (1998) Marriage in Men's Lives, , New York: Oxford University Press; Parke, R.D., (1996) Fatherhood, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Plewis, I., Calderwood, L., Hawkes, D., Nathan, G., (2004) National Child Development Study and 1970 British Cohort Study Technical Report: Changes in the NCDS and BCS70 Populations and Samples over Time, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; Rosenbaum, P.R., Rubin, D.B., The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects (1983) Biometrika, 70, pp. 41-55; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Graham, P., Isle of wight studies: 1964-1974 (1976) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health, and Behavior, , London: Longman; Sampson, R.J., Laub, J.H., (1993) Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Sigle-Rushton, W., (2004) Intergenerational and Life-course Transmission of Social Exclusion in the 1970 British Cohort Study, , (CASE Paper No. 78). London: ESRC Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Smith, H.L., Matching with multiple controls to estimate treatment effects in observational studies (1997) Sociological Methodology, 27, pp. 325-353; Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Wei, E.H., The precursors of young fatherhood and its effect on delinquency of teenage males (1998) Journal of Adolescent Health, 22, pp. 56-65; Thornberry, T.P., Smith, C.A., Howard, G.G., Risk factors for teenage fatherhood (1997) Journal of Marriage and Family, 59, pp. 505-522; Tzeng, J.M., Mare, R.D., Labor market and socioeconomic effects on marital stability (1995) Social Science Research, 24, pp. 329-351; Wright, B.R.E., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Low self-control, social bonds, and crime: Social causation, social selection, or both? (1999) Criminology, 37, pp. 479-514 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32144455367&doi=10.1111%2fj.1741-3737.2005.00166.x&partnerID=40&md5=42008fab7d14800dcdfc1fdd2a9ba466 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal weight status modulates the effects of restriction on daughters' eating and weight T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 IS - 8 SP - 942 EP - 949 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802935 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Francis, L.A. AU - Birch, L.L. AD - Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States AD - Department of Human Development and Family Studies, S-110 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of overweight and normal-weight mothers' restriction in child feeding on daughters' eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) and body mass index (BMI) change from age 5 to age 9 y. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of the health and development of young girls. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 overweight and 80 normal-weight mothers and their daughters, assessed when daughters were ages 5, 7, and 9 y. MEASUREMENTS: Measures included maternal restriction of daughters' intake at age 5 y, and daughters' EAH and BMI change from age 5 to 9 y. RESULTS: There were no overall differences in the level of restriction that overweight and normal-weight mothers used. However, overweight mothers' restrictive feeding practices when daughters were age 5 y predicted daughters' EAH over time, and higher EAH scores were associated with greater BMI change from age 5 to 9 y. These relationships did not hold for daughters of normal-weight mothers. CONCLUSION: More adverse effects of restriction on daughters' EAH, and links between EAH and BMI change were only noted among daughters of overweight mothers. These findings highlight the need for a better understanding of factors that contribute to within-group variation in eating behavior and weight status. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Children KW - Eating style KW - Energy balance KW - Gene-environment KW - Parents KW - article KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child nutrition KW - eating habit KW - energy balance KW - feeding behavior KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - hunger KW - longitudinal study KW - maternal weight KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Hunger KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Maternal Behavior KW - Models, Psychological KW - Nuclear Family KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :92 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 15782227 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Francis, L.A.; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, S-110 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; email: laf169@psu.edu N1 - References: Maes, H.H., Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 325-351; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Sorensen, T.I., Stunkard, A.J., Does obesity run in families because of genes? An adoption study using silhouettes as a measure of obesity (1993) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 370, pp. 67-72; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Danielzik, S., Langnasek, K., Must, M., Spethmann, C., Muller, M.J., Impact of parental BMI on the manifestation of overweight 5-7 year old children (2002) Eur J Nutr, 41, pp. 132-138; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 758-764; Strauss, R.S., Knight, J., Influence of the home environment on the development of obesity in children (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. e85; Noble, R.E., The incidence of parental obesity in overweight individuals (1997) Int J Eat Disord, 22, pp. 265-271; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1331-1335; Williams, S., Overweight at age 21: The association with body mass index in childhood and adolescence and parents' body mass index. A cohort study of New Zealanders born in 1972-1973 (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 158-163; Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Ogden, C.L., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence and trends in obesity among us adults, 1999-2000 (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1723-1727; Safer, D.L., Agras, W.S., Bryson, S., Hammer, L.D., Early body mass index and other anthropometric relationships between parents and children (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 1532-1536; Ogden, C.L., Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence and trends in overweight among us children and adolescents, 1999-2000 (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1728-1732; Fogelholm, M., Nuutinen, O., Pasanen, M., Myohanen, E., Saatela, T., Parent-child relationship of physical activity patterns and obesity (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 1262-1268; Davison, K.K., Birch, L.L., Obesigenic families: Parents' physical activity and dietary intake patterns predict girls' risk of overweight (2002) Int J Eat Disord, 26, pp. 1186-1193; Birch, L.L., Fisher, J.O., Davison, K.K., Learning to overeat: Maternal use of restrictive practices promotes girls' eating in the absence of hunger (2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 78, pp. 215-220; Costanzo, P.R., Woody, E.Z., Externality as a function of obesity in children: Pervasive style or eating-specific attribute? (1979) J Pers Soc Psychol, 37, pp. 2286-2296; Johnson, S.L., Birch, L.L., Parent's and children's adiposity and eating style (1994) Pediatrics, 94, pp. 653-661; Fisher, J., Birch, L., Eating in the absence of hunger and overweight in girls at 5 and 7 y of age (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 226-231; Birch, L.L., Fisher, J.O., Mothers' child-feeding practices influence daughters' eating and weight (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 71, pp. 1054-1061; Lohman, T.G., Roche, A.F., Martorell, R., (1988) Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, , Human Kinetics Books: Champaign, IL; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Guo, S.S., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Flegal, K.M., Mei, Z., Wei, R., Johnson, C.L., (2000) CDC Growth Charts: United States. Advance Data from Vital Health Statistics, , National Center for Health Statistics: Hyattsville, MD; Field, A.E., Laird, N.M., Steinberg, E., Fallon, E., Semega-Janneh, M., Yanovski, J.A., Which metric of relative weight best captures body fatness in children? (2003) Obes Res, 11, pp. 1345-1352; Birch, L.L., Fisher, J.O., Grimm-Thomas, K., Markey, C.N., Sawyer, R., Johnson, S.L., Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: A measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness (2001) Appetite, 36, pp. 201-210; (1998) Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, pp. 1-228; Maruyama, G.M., (1998) Basics of Structural Equation Modeling, , Sage Publications Inc.: Thousand Oaks, CA; Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A., The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations (1986) J Pers Soc Psychol, 51, pp. 1173-1182; Fisher, J.O., Birch, L.L., Restricting access to foods and children's eating (1999) Appetite, 32, pp. 405-419; Schlundt, D.G., Obesity: A biogenetic or biobehavioral problem (1990) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 14, pp. 815-828; Faith, M.S., Johnson, S.L., Allison, D.B., Putting the behavior into the behavior genetics of obestiy (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 423-439; Castro, J.M., Behavioral genetics of food intake regulation in free-living humans (1999) Nutrition, 15, pp. 550-554; Plomin, R., Defries, J.C., Loehlin, J.C., Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior (1977) Psychol Bull, 84, pp. 309-322; Wardle, J., Sanderson, S., Guthrie, C., Rapoport, L., Plomin, R., Parental feeding style and the intergenerational transmission of obesity risk (2002) Obes Res, 10, pp. 453-462; Dowda, M., Ainsworth, B., Addy, C.L., Saunders, R., Riner, W., Environmental influences, physical activity, and weight status in 8-to-16-year-olds (2001) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155, pp. 711-717; Treuth, M.S., Butte, N.F., Sorkin, J.D., Predictors of body fat gain in nonobese girls with a familial predisposition to obesity (2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 78, pp. 1212-1218; Burke, V., Beilin, L.J., Dunbar, D., Family lifestyle and parental body mass index as predictors of body mass index in Australian children: A longitudinal study (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 147-157; Francis, L.A., Lee, Y., Birch, L.L., Parental weight status and girls' television viewing, snacking, and body mass indexes (2003) Obes Res, 11, pp. 143-151; Wardle, J., Guthrie, C., Sanderson, S., Birch, L.L., Plomin, R., Food and activity preferences in children of lean and obese parents (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 971-977; Van Den Bree, M.B.M., Eaves, L.J., Dwyer, J.T., Genetic and environmental influences on eating patterns of twins aged ≥50 y (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 456-465; Faith, M.S., Keller, K.L., Johnson, S.L., Pietrobelli, A., Matz, P.E., Must, S., Jorge, M.A., Allison, D.B., Familial aggregation of energy intake in children (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 79, pp. 844-850; Bulik, C.M., Sullivan, P.F., Kendler, K.S., Genetic and environmental contributions to obesity and binge eating (2003) Int J Eat Disord, 33, pp. 293-298; Keller, K.L., Pietrobelli, A., Faith, M.S., Genetics of food intake and body composition: Lessons from twin studies (2003) Acta Diabetol, 40, pp. S95-S100; Castro, J.M., Eating behavior: Lessons from the real world of humans (2000) Nutrition, 16, pp. 800-813; Grilo, C.M., Pogue-Geile, M.F., The nature of environmental influences on weight and obesity: A behavior genetics analysis (1991) Psychol Bull, 110, pp. 520-537; Frisancho, A.R., Prenatal compared with parental origins of adolescent fatness (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1186-1190; Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Billette, A., Miginiac, M., Munoz, F., Rey, S., Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population: Parental versus environmental factors (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 721-729; Bandini, L.G., Must, A., Spadano, J., Dietz, W.H., Relation of body composition, parental overweight, pubertal stage, and race-ethnicity to energy expenditure among premenarcheal girls (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 1040-1047; Treuth, M.S., Butte, N.F., Wong, W.W., Effects of familiar predisposition to obesity on energy expenditure in multiethnic prepubertal girls (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 71, pp. 893-900; Treuth, M.S., Butte, N.F., Puyau, M., Adolph, A., Relations of parental obesity status to physical activity and fitness of prepubertal girls (2000) Pediatrics, 106, pp. U29-U36; Wurmser, H., Laessle, R., Jacob, K., Langhard, S., Uhl, H., Angst, A., Muller, A., Pirke, K.M., Resting metabolic rate in preadolescent girls at high risk of obesity (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 793-799; Sherry, B., McDivitt, J., Birch, L.L., Cook, F., Sanders, S., Prish, J., Francis, L.A., Scanlon, K.S., Attitudes, practices, and concerns about child feeding and child weight status among socioeconomically diverse Caucasian, Hispanic, and African American mothers J Am Diet Assoc, 104, pp. 215-221; Cutting, T.M., Fisher, J.O., Grimm-Thomas, K., Birch, L.L., Like mother, like daughter: Familial patterns of overweight are mediated by mothers' dietary disinhibition (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 69, pp. 608-613; Jacobi, C., Agras, W.S., Hammer, L.D., Predicting children's reported eating disturbances at 8 years of age (2001) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 40, pp. 364-372; Pike, K.M., Rodin, J., Mothers, daughters, and disordered eating (1991) J Abnorm Psychol, 100, pp. 198-204 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23044477138&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802935&partnerID=40&md5=13501499444100c06a1f4a3eed011450 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What are the effects of ability grouping on GCSE attainment? T2 - British Educational Research Journal J2 - Br. Educ. Res. J. VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 443 EP - 458 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/01411920500148663 SN - 01411926 (ISSN) AU - Ireson, J. AU - Hallam, S. AU - Hurley, C. AD - Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom AD - School of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H OAA, United Kingdom AB - The use of ability grouping is frequently justified on the grounds that it is an effective means of raising attainment. Little large-scale quantitative research has been undertaken since the introduction of the National Curriculum in England and Wales. The aim of this article is to examine the effects of setting on students' achievement in English, mathematics and science General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations. Data were collected from a cohort of over 6000 Year 9 students in 45 mixed secondary comprehensive schools who were followed up in Year 11 when they sat GCSE examinations. Multilevel modelling was used to estimate the effect of setting on GCSE attainment, taking account of prior attainment, social disadvantage, gender and attendance. There were no significant effects of setting in English, mathematics or science. Effects on higher and lower attaining students were not consistent in the three subjects. Socially disadvantaged students achieved significantly lower grades and girls achieved higher grades than boys, especially in English. In all three subjects, students of similar ability achieved higher GCSE grades when they were placed in higher sets. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2005 British Educational Research Association. N1 - Cited By :48 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ireson, J.; School of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H OAA, United Kingdom; email: j.ireson@ioe.ac.uk N1 - References: Argys, L., Rees, D.I., Brewer, D.J., Detracking America's schools: Equity at zero cost? (1996) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 15 (4), pp. 623-645; Barker Lunn, J.C., (1970) Streaming in the Primary School, , Slough, National Foundcation for Educational Research; Fogelman, K., Ability grouping in the secondary school (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, Papers from the National Child Development Study, , K. Fogelman (Ed.) (London, Macmillan for National Children's Bureau); Fogelman, K., Essen, J., Tibbenham, A., Ability grouping in secondary schools and attainment (1978) Educational Studies, 4 (3), pp. 201-212; Gamoran, A., Berends, M., The effects of stratification in secondary schools: Synthesis of survey and ethnographic research (1987) Review of Educational Research, 57, pp. 415-435; Gamoran, A., Mare, R.D., Secondary school tracking and educational inequality: Compensation, reinforcement or neutrality? (1989) American Journal of Sociology, 54 (1), pp. 89-105; Hallam, S., Ireson, J., Secondary school teachers' attitudes towards and beliefs about ability grouping (2003) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, pp. 343-356; Hallam, S., Ireson, J., Lister, V., Andon Chaudhury, I., Davies, J., Ability grouping in the primary school: A survey (2003) Educational Studies, 29 (1), pp. 69-83; Hallam, S., Toutounji, I., (1996) What Do We Know about the Grouping of Pupils by Ability?, , London, Institute of Education, University of London; Hoffer, T.B., Middle school ability grouping and student achievement in science and mathematics (1992) Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14 (3), pp. 205-227; Ireson, J., Clark, H., Hallam, S., Constructing ability groups in secondary schools (2002) School Leadership and Management, 22 (2), pp. 163-176; Ireson, J., Hallam, S., Raising standards: Is ability grouping the answer? (1999) Oxford Review of Education, 25 (3), pp. 343-358; Ireson, J., Hallam, S., (2001) Ability Grouping in Education, , London, Paul Chapman Publishing; Ireson, J., Hallam, S., Hack, S., Clark, H., Plewis, I., Ability grouping in English secondary schools: Effects on attainment in English, mathematics and science (2002) Educational Research and Evaluation, 8 (3), pp. 299-318; Kerckhoff, A., Effects of ability grouping in British secondary schools (1986) American Sociological Review, 51, pp. 842-858; Kulik, C.-L.C., Kulik, J.A., Effects of ability grouping on secondary school students: A meta-analysis of evaluation findings (1982) American Educational Research Journal, 19, pp. 415-428; Kulik, J.A., Kulik, C.-L.C., Effects of ability grouping on student achievement (1992) Equity and Excellence, 23 (1-2), pp. 22-30; Lacey, C., Destreaming in a 'pressured' academic environment (1974) Contemporary Research in the Sociology of Education, , J. Eggleston (Ed.) (London, Methuen); Newbold, D., (1977) Ability Grouping: The Banbury Enquiry, , Slough, National Foundation for Educational Research Publishing Company Ltd; (2001) Knowledge and Skills for Life: First Results from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000, , Paris, OECD; (1998) Setting in Primary Schools: A Report from the Office of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools, , London, Office for Standards in Education; (2001) Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools, Standards and Quality in Education, , London, Office for Standards in Education; Postlethwaite, K., Denton, C., (1978) Streams for the Future: The Long-term Effects of Early Streaming and Non-streaming-the Final Report of the Banbury Enquiry, , Banbury, Pubansco Publications; Rasbash, J., Browne, W., Goldstein, H., (2000) A User's Guide to MlwiN, , London, Institute of Education; Rogers, C., Teacher expectations: Implications for school improvement (2002) Teaching and Learning: the Essential Readings, , C. Desforges & R. Fox (Eds) Oxford, Blackwell; Slavin, R.E., Achievement effects of ability grouping in secondary schools: A best evidence synthesis (1990) Review of Educational Research, 60, pp. 471-490 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22544475361&doi=10.1080%2f01411920500148663&partnerID=40&md5=62fd89b6266659a44b3fcdbb9e1cad30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lateralization of verbal ability in pre-psychotic children T2 - Psychiatry Research J2 - Psychiatry Res. VL - 136 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 42 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.020 SN - 01651781 (ISSN) AU - Leask, S.J. AU - Crow, T.J. AD - Nottingham University, Department of Psychiatry, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham, NG3 6AA, United Kingdom AD - Oxford University, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom AB - Deficits in lateralization have been reported in handedness, language and anatomical asymmetry in schizophrenia, but the relationship between these anomalies has been unclear. Extending earlier work demonstrating that degrees of lateralization are related to verbal ability in the general population, we here investigate the relationship in children who later developed psychosis. Using data from a box-marking test and an index of receptive verbal ability in the UK National Child Development study, we constructed three-dimensional plots of verbal ability in relation to left- and right-hand skill at the age of 11 years, and compared the performance of 34 children who by age 28 had developed schizophrenia and 21 who had developed affective psychosis with 12,782 in the total population. In the total population, verbal skill is decreased in those who are close to the L=R line. Children premorbid for schizophrenia are less lateralized and their verbal skill is lower than predicted by their hand skill, with a similar trend in children premorbid for affective psychosis. Thus pre-psychotic children deviate from the general population in the trajectory of lateralization of words. The findings are consistent with the concept that in psychosis at some critical stage in development there is a failure of lateralization of the components of language. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Laterality KW - Psychosis KW - Schizophrenia KW - Verbal ability KW - age distribution KW - article KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - disease course KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - morbidity KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - psychosis KW - school child KW - verbal behavior KW - Adult KW - Brain KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Functional Laterality KW - Humans KW - Language KW - Male KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Schizophrenia KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Verbal Behavior N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSRSD C2 - 16019081 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leask, S.J.; Nottingham University, Department of Psychiatry, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham, NG3 6AA, United Kingdom; email: stuart.leask@nottingham.ac.uk N1 - References: Annett, M., (2002) Handedness and Brain Asymmetry: The Right Shift Theory, , Psychology Press Hove, Sussex; Bickerton, D., (1990) Language and Species, , University of Chicago Press Chicago; Broca, P., Remarques sur la siège de la faculté du langue articulé, suivies d'une observation d'aphémie (1861) Bulletin de la Société Anatomique de Paris (2nd Series), 6, pp. 330-357; Bullmore, E., Brammer, M., Harvey, I., Ron, M., Against the laterality index as a measure of cerebral asymmetry (1995) Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 61, pp. 121-124; Buxhoeveden, D.P., Switala, A.E., Roy, E., Litaker, M., Casanova, M.F., Lateralization of minicolumns in human planum temporale is absent in nonhuman primate cortex (2001) Brain Behavior and Evolution, 57, pp. 349-358; Chaika, E., (1990) Understanding Psychotic Speech: Beyond Freud and Chomsky, , Charles C Thomas, Publisher Springfield, IL; Chomsky, N., (1985) Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin and Use, , Praeger New York; Crichton-Browne, J., On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane (1879) Brain, 2, pp. 42-67; Crow, T.J., Temporal lobe asymmetries as the key to the etiology of schizophrenia (1990) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 16, pp. 433-443; Crow, T.J., Is schizophrenia the price that Homo sapiens pays for language? (1997) Schizophrenia Research, 28, pp. 127-141; Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., Sacker, A., Cerebral lateralization is delayed in children who later develop schizophrenia (1996) Schizophrenia Research, 22, pp. 181-185; Crow, T.J., Crow, L.R., Done, D.J., Leask, S.J., Relative hand skill predicts academic ability: Global deficits at the point of hemispheric indecision (1998) Neuropsychologia, 36 (12), pp. 1275-1282; Dax, M., Lésion de la moitié gauche de l'encéphale coincident avec l'oubli des signes de la pensée. (lu a Montpellier en 1836) Gaz (1865) Hebdom (2nd Series), 2, pp. 259-260; Delisi, L.E., Speech disorder in schizophrenia: Review of the literature and exploration of its relation to the uniquely human capacity for language (2001) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27, pp. 481-496; Delisi, L.E., Sakuma, M., Kushner, M., Finer, D.J., Hoff, A.L., Crow, T.J., Anomalous cerebral asymmetry and language processing in schizophrenia (1997) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23, pp. 255-271; Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Johnstone, E.C., Sacker, A., Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Social adjustment at ages 7 and 11 (1994) British Medical Journal, 309, pp. 699-703; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , McGibbon and Kee London; Flor-Henry, P., Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy: A controlled investigation (1969) Epilepsia, 10, pp. 363-395; Flor-Henry, P., (1983) Cerebral Basis of Psychopathology, , John Wright Boston; Green, M.F., Satz, P., Smith, C., Nelson, L., Is there atypical handedness in schizophrenia? (1989) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, pp. 57-65; Gur, R.E., Motoric laterality imbalance in schizophrenia (1979) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 33-37; Ihaka, R., Gentleman, R., R: A language for data analysis and graphics (1996) Journal of Computing and Graphical Statistics, 5 (3), pp. 299-314; Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R.M., Marmot, M.G., Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Leask, S.J., Crow, T.J., How far does the brain lateralize?: An unbiased method for determining the optimum degree of hemispheric specialisation (1998) Neuropsychologia, 36 (12), pp. 1275-1282; Leask, S.J., Crow, T.J., Pre-morbid deficits in lateralization and verbal ability are greater in schizophrenic compared to affective psychoses (2001) Schizophrenia Research, 49 (1-2), p. 37; Leask, S.J., Crow, T.J., Word acquisition reflects lateralisation of hand skill (2001) Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5 (12), pp. 513-516; Leask, S.J., Crow, T.J., Decreased functional lateralization and cognitive function in pre-morbid schizophrenia, but not in affective psychoses (2002) Schizophrenia Research, 53 (3), p. 89; McGrew, W.C., Marchant, L.F., On the other hand: Current issues in and meta-analysis of the behavioural laterality of hand function in nonhuman primates (1997) Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 40, pp. 201-232; McManus, I.C., The interpretation of laterality (1983) Cortex, 19 (2), pp. 187-214; McManus, I.C., Murray, B., Doyle, K., Baron-Cohen, S., Handedness in childhood autism shows a dissociation of skill and preference (1992) Cortex, 28 (3), pp. 373-381; Mueller, F.M., Lectures on Mr Darwin's philosophy of language (1873) Fraser's Magazine, 7-8; Harris, R., (1996) The Origin of Language, pp. 147-233. , Reprinted Thoemmes Press, Bristol; Nettle, D., Hand laterality and cognitive ability: A multiple regression approach (2003) Brain and Cognition, 52, pp. 390-398; Petty, R.G., Structural asymmetries of the human brain and their disturbance in schizophrenia (1999) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, pp. 121-139; Richardson, J.T.E., Note: How to measure laterality (1974) Neuropsychologia, 14, pp. 135-136; Sims, A., (1995) Speech and Language Disorders in Psychiatry, , Gaskell London; Sommer, I., Aleman, A., Ramsey, N., Bouma, A., Kahn, R., Handedness, language lateralisation and anatomical asymmetry in schizophrenia (2001) British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, pp. 344-351; Tapley, S.M., Bryden, M.P., A group test for the assessment of performance between the hands (1985) Neuropsychologia, 23 (2), pp. 215-221; Wigan, A.L., (1844) A New View of Insanity: The Duality of Mind, , Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London. Re-published JE Bogen and J Simon UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22744445157&doi=10.1016%2fj.psychres.2004.06.020&partnerID=40&md5=060e263a1bc9985f74c8f0f1137c735c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating the effect of education on earnings: Models, methods and results from the national child development survey T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society J2 - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc. VL - 168 IS - 3 SP - 473 EP - 512 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2004.00360.x SN - 09641998 (ISSN) AU - Blundell, R. AU - Dearden, L. AU - Sianesi, B. AD - University College London, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, 7 Ridgmount Street, London, WC1E 7AE, United Kingdom AB - Regression, matching, control function and instrumental variables methods for recovering the effect of education on individual earnings are reviewed for single treatments and sequential multiple treatments with and without heterogeneous returns. The sensitivity of the estimates once applied to a common data set is then explored. We show the importance of correcting for detailed test score and family background differences and of allowing for (observable) heterogeneity in returns. We find an average return of 27% for those completing higher education versus anything less. Compared with stopping at 16 years of age without qualifications, we find an average return to O-levels of 18%, to A-levels of 24% and to higher education of 48%. © 2005 Royal Statistical Society. KW - Control function KW - Evaluation KW - Heterogeneity KW - Instrument variables KW - Matching KW - Multiple treatments KW - Non-experimental methods KW - Propensity score KW - Returns to education KW - Selection N1 - Cited By :125 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sianesi, B.; Institute for Fiscal Studies, 7 Ridgmount Street, London, WC1E 7AE, United Kingdom; email: barbara_s@ifs.org.uk N1 - References: Abadie, A., Imbens, G., (2002) Simple and Bias-corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects, , Mimeo. University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley; Angrist, J., Estimating the labour market impact of voluntary military service using social security data on military applicants (1998) Econometrica, 66, pp. 249-288; Angrist, J., Han, J., When to control for covariates?: Panel asymptotics for estimates of treatment effects (2004) Rev. Econ. Statist., 86, pp. 58-72; Angrist, J., Imbens, G., Two-stage least squares estimation of average causal effects in models with variable treatment intensity (1995) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 90, pp. 431-442; Angrist, J., Imbens, G., Rubin, D.B., Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables (1996) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 91, pp. 444-472; Angrist, J., Krueger, A.B., Does compulsory schooling attendance affect schooling decisions (1991) Q. J. Econ., 106, pp. 970-1014; Angrist, J., Krueger, A.B., Estimating the payoff to schooling using the Vietnam-era draft lottery (1992) Working Paper, 4067. , National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge; Black, D., Smith, J., How robust is the evidence on the effects of college quality?: Evidence from matching (2004) J. Econometr., 121, pp. 99-124; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Reed, H., The returns to higher education in Britain: Evidence from a British cohort (2000) Econ. J., 110, pp. F82-F99; Blundell, R., Powell, J., Endogeneity in nonparametric and semiparametric regression models (2003) Advances in Economics and Econometrics, , (eds M. Dewatripont, L. Hansen and S. J. Turnsovsky). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Bound, J., Jaeger, D., Baker, R., Problems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and the endogenous explanatory variable is weak (1995) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 90, pp. 443-450; Butcher, K., Case, A., The effect of sibling sex composition on women's education and earnings (1994) Q. J. Econ., 109, pp. 531-563; Card, D., The causal effect of education on earnings (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3. , (eds O. Ashenfelter and D. Card). Amsterdam: Elsevier; Card, D., Estimating the returns to schooling: Progress on some persistent econometric problems (2001) Econometrica, 69, pp. 1127-1160; Chevalier, A., Harmon, C., Walker, I., (2002) Does Education Raise Productivity or Just Reflect It?, , Mimeo. University of Warwick, Coventry; Cochran, W., Rubin, D.B., Controlling bias in observational studies (1973) Sankyha, 35, pp. 417-446; Dearden, L., The effects of families and ability on men's education and earnings in Britain (1999) Lab. Econ., 6, pp. 551-567; Dearden, L., Qualifications and earnings in Britain: How reliable are conventional OLS estimates of the returns to education? (1999) Working Paper, 9917. , Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Dearden, L., Ferri, J., Meghir, C., The effect of school quality on educational attainment and wages (2002) Rev. Econ. Statist., 84, pp. 1-20; Dehejia, R.H., Wahba, S., Causal effects in non-experimental studies: Re-evaluating the evaluation of training programmes (1999) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 94, pp. 1053-1062; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; Fröich, M., Finite sample properties of propensity-score matching and weighting estimators (2004) Rev. Econ. Statist., 86, pp. 77-90; Garen, J., The returns to schooling: A selectivity bias approach with a continuous choice variable (1984) Econometrica, 52, pp. 1199-1218; Gosling, A., Machin, S., Meghir, C., The changing distribution of male wages, 1966-93 (2000) Rev. Econ. Stud., 67, pp. 635-666; Griliches, Z., Estimating the returns to schooling: Some econometric problems (1977) Econometrica, 45, pp. 1-22; Harmon, C., Walker, I., Estimates of the economic return to schooling for the UK (1995) Am. Econ. Rev., 85, pp. 1278-1286; Heckman, J.J., Sample selection bias as a specification error (1979) Econometrica, 47, pp. 153-161; Heckman, J.J., Ichimura, H., Todd, P., Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme (1997) Rev. Econ. Stud., 64, pp. 605-654; Heckman, J.J., Ichimura, H., Todd, P., Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator (1998) Rev. Econ. Stud., 65, pp. 261-294; Heckman, J.J., Ichimura, H., Smith, J., Todd, P., Characterizing selection bias using experimental data (1998) Econometrica, 66, pp. 1017-1098; Heckman, J.J., LaLonde, R., Smith, J., The economics and econometrics of active labor market programs (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3. , (eds O. Ashenfelter and D. Card). Amsterdam: Elsevier; Heckman, J.J., Navarro-Lozeno, L., Using matching, instrumental variables, and control functions to estimate economic choice models (2004) Rev. Econ. Statist., 86, pp. 30-57; Heckman, J.J., Robb, R., Alternative methods for evaluating the impact of interventions (1985) Longitudinal Analysis of Labour Market Data, , (eds J. J. Heckman and B. Singer). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Heckman, J.J., Smith, J., Clements, N., Making the most out of program evaluations and social experiments: Accounting for heterogeneity in program impacts (1997) Rev. Econ. Stud., 64, pp. 487-536; Heckman, J., Vytlacil, E., Identifying the role of cognitive ability in explaining the level of and change in the return to schooling (2000) Working Paper, W7820. , National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge; Holland, P.W., Rejoinder (1986) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 81, pp. 968-970; Ichino, A., Winter-Ebmer, R., Lower and upper bounds of returns to schooling: An exercise in IV estimation with different instruments (1999) Eur. Econ. Rev., 43, pp. 889-901; Imbens, G., The role of propensity score in estimating dose-response functions (2000) Biometrika, 87, pp. 706-710; Imbens, G., Semiparametric estimation of average treatment effects under exogeneity: A review (2004) Rev. Econ. Statist., 86, pp. 4-29; Imbens, G., Angrist, J., Identification and estimation of local average treatment effects (1994) Econometrica, 62, pp. 467-476; Kane, T., Rouse, C.E., Staiger, D., Estimating the returns to schooling when schooling is misreported (1999) Working Paper, 7235. , National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge; Lechner, M., Identification and estimation of causal effects of multiple treatments under the conditional independence assumption (2001) Econometric Evaluation of Labour Market Policies, , (eds M. Lechner and F. Pfeiffer). Heidelberg: Physica; Lechner, M., A note on the common support problem in applied evaluation studies (2001) Discussion Paper, 2001 (1). , Department of Economics, University of St Gallen, St Gallen; Leuven, E., Sianesi, B., (2003) PSMATCH2: Stata Module to Perform Full Mahalanobis and Propensity Score Matching, Common Support Graphing, and Covariate Imbalance Testing, , http://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s432001.html, University of Amsterdam and Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; McCulloch, A., Joshi, H., Child development and family resources: An exploration of evidence from the second generation of the 1958 birth cohort (2002) J. Popln Econ., 15, pp. 283-304; McIntosh, S., Further analysis of the returns to academic and vocational qualifications (2004) Discussion Paper, 35. , Centre for Economics of Education, London; Meghir, C., Palme, M., Estimating the effect of schooling on earnings using a social experiment (2000) Working Paper 99112, , Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Powell, J., Estimation of semiparametric models (1994) Handbook of Econometrics, 4. , (eds R. F. Engle and D. L. McFadden). Amsterdam: Elsevier; Rosenbaum, P.R., Rubin, D.B., The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects (1983) Biometrika, 70, pp. 41-55; Rosenbaum, P.R., Rubin, D.B., Constructing a comparison group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score (1985) Am. Statistn, 39, pp. 33-38; Rubin, D.B., Discussion of "Randomisation analysis of experimental data in the Fisher randomisation test" by Basu (1980) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 75, pp. 591-593; Rubin, D.B., Discussion of "Statistics and causal inference" by Holland (1986) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 81, pp. 961-962; Schmitt, J., The changing structure of male earnings in Britain, 1974-88 (1995) Changes and Differences in Wage Structures, , (eds R. Freeman and L. Katz). Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Shea, J., Instrument relevance in multivariate linear models: A simple measure (1997) Rev. Econ. Statist., 79, pp. 348-352; Sianesi, B., (2002) Essays on the Evaluation of Social Programmes and Educational Qualifications, , PhD Thesis. University College London, London; Sianesi, B., An evaluation of the Swedish system of active labour market programmes in the 1990s (2004) Rev. Econ. Statist., 86, pp. 133-155; Smith, J., Todd, P., Does matching overcome LaLonde's critique of nonexperimental estimators? (2004) J. Econometr., 125, pp. 305-353; Staiger, D., Stock, J.H., Instrumental variables regressions with weak instruments (1997) Econometrica, 65, pp. 557-586; Wooldridge, J., On two stage least squares estimation of the average treatment effect in a random coefficient model (1997) Econ. Lett., 56, pp. 129-133; Zhao, Z., Using matching to estimate treatment effects: Data requirements, matching metrics, and Monte Carlo evidence (2004) Rev. Econ. Statist., 86, pp. 91-107 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21244467561&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-985X.2004.00360.x&partnerID=40&md5=cec462d801ed6225ce6c8c0d2be59ac0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of the childhood family structure measures from the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society J2 - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc. VL - 168 IS - 3 SP - 539 EP - 566 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2005.00362.x SN - 09641998 (ISSN) AU - Francesconi, M. AD - University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom AD - Department of Economics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AB - The paper performs an evaluation of the data that were collected in the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) on childhood family structure. After comparing such data with a large number of studies by using external sources, we find that the BHPS data over-estimate the proportion of people who report an experience of life in a non-intact family during childhood by about 10%. Although an explanation based on recall error that deteriorates with the age of the BHPS respondents is possible, the overestimation is likely to be accounted for by non-ignorable attrition that may affect most of the comparison studies based on longitudinal data. Conversely, comparisons with other independent measurements from the BHPS itself reveal that the wave 6 data underestimate the proportion of young people who have lived at least part of their childhood in a non-intact family by about 8%. The probability of disagreement between these two sets of measures is strongly associated with poor interview characteristics, which may affect the comparison measure more than the wave 6 measure. Despite such differences, there is therefore a substantial degree of similarity between the family structure information that was collected in the sixth wave of the BHPS and the host of highly diverse records against which it has been compared. © 2005 Royal Statistical Society. KW - Childhood family structure KW - Intergenerational links KW - Interviewer effects KW - Recall error KW - Retrospective data N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Francesconi, M.; Department of Economics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email: mfranc@essex.ac.uk N1 - References: Antecol, H., Bedard, K., Does single parenthood increase the probability of teenage promiscuity, substance use and crime? (2003) Mimeo, , Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara; Biemer, P.B., Groves, R.M., Lyberg, L.E., Mathiowetz, N.A., Sudman, S., (1991) Measurement Errors in Surveys, , New York: Wiley; Cannell, C.F., Henson, R., Incentives, motives, and response bias (1974) Ann. Econ. Socl Psychol., 2, pp. 526-595; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Chld Devlpmnt, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Cheesbrough, S., (2001) Childhood Family Disruption and Outcomes in Young Adulthood: Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study, , PhD Thesis. Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, Southampton; Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Clarke, L., Joshi, H., Di Salvo, P., Children's family change: Reports and records of mothers, fathers and children compared (2000) Popln Trends, 102, pp. 24-33; Conover, W.J., (1999) Practical Nonparametric Statistics, 3rd Edn., , New York: Wiley; Dearden, L., Ability, families, education and earnings in Britain (1998) Working Paper, W98-14. , Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Dex, S., The reliability of recall data: A literature review (1995) Bull. Methodol. Sociol., 49, pp. 58-89; Douglas, J.W.B., Broken families and child behaviour (1970) J. R. Coll. Physiens Lond, 4, pp. 203-210; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of Growing up Poor, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Dunn, J., Deater-Deckard, K., Pickering, K., O'Connor, T.G., Goodman, R., Golding, J., Children's adjustment and prosocial behavior in step-, single-parent, and non-stepfamily settings: Findings from a community study (1998) J. Chld Psychol. Psychiatr., 39, pp. 1083-1095; Ely, M., Richards, M.P.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Elliot, B.J., Secular changes in the association of parental divorce and children's educational attainment - Evidence from three British birth cohorts (1999) J. Socl Poly, 28, pp. 437-455; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., Family structure and children's achievements (2001) J. Popln Econ., 14, pp. 249-270; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., Parental employment and children's welfare (2004) Labour Market Participation of Women and Fertility: The Effect of Social Policies, , (eds T. Boeri and D. Del Boca). Oxford: Oxford University Press. To be published; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., Pevalin, D.J., Parental partnership and joblessness in childhood and their influence on young people's outcomes (2004) J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 167, pp. 69-101; Estaugh, V., Power, C., Family disruption in early life and drinking in young adulthood (1991) Alc. Alcholsm, 26, pp. 639-644; Ferri, E., (1984) Stepchildren: A National Study, , Windsor: National Foundation for Educational Research-Nelson; Fikree, F.F., Gray, R.H., Shah, F., Can men be trusted?: A comparison of pregnancy histories reported by husbands and wives (1993) Am. J. Epidem., 138, pp. 237-242; Francesconi, M., An evaluation of the childhood family structure measures from the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey (2002) Working Paper, 2002 (25). , Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester; Ginther, D.K., Pollak, R.A., Does family structure affect children's educational outcomes? (2000) Working Paper, 2000 (13 A). , Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta; Green, G., Macintyre, S., West, P., Ecob, R., Do children of lone parents smoke more because their mothers do? (1990) Br. J. Addictn, 85, pp. 1497-1500; Gregg, P., Machin, S., Childhood disadvantage and success or failure in the labour market (1999) Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries, pp. 247-288. , (eds D. Blanchflower and R. Freeman). Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research; Haskey, J., Stepfamilies and stepchildren in Great Britain (1994) Popln Trends, 76, pp. 17-28; Haskey, J., Children who experience divorce in their family (1997) Popln Trends, 87, pp. 5-10; Hauser, R.M., Sweeney, M.M., Does poverty in adolescence affect the life chances of high school graduates? (1997) Consequences of Growing up Poor, pp. 541-595. , (eds G. J. Duncan and J. Brooks-Gunn). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Hobcraft, J., Intergenerational and life-course transmission of social exclusion: Influences of childhood poverty, family disruption, and contact with the police (1998) CASE Paper, 15. , London School of Economics and Political Science, London; Hope, S., Power, C., Rodgers, B., The relationship between parental separation in childhood and problem drinking in adulthood (1998) Addiction, 93, pp. 505-514; Joshi, H., Cooksey, E.C., Wiggins, R.D., McCulloch, A., Verropoulou, G., Clarke, L., Diverse family living situations and child development: A multilevel analysis comparing longitudinal evidence from Britain and the United States (1999) Int. J. Law Poly Famly, 13, pp. 292-314; Joshi, H.E., McCulloch, A., Child development and family resources: Evidence from the second generation of the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) J. Popln Econ., 15, pp. 283-304; Joshi, H., Verropoulou, G., (2000) Maternal Employment and Child Outcomes, , London: Smith Institute; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood and transitions made in young adult life (1992) Popln Stud., 46, pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K.E., The legacy of parental divorce: Social, economic and demographic experiences in adulthood (1997) CASE Paper, 1. , London School of Economics and Political Science, London; Kiernan, K.E., Hobcraft, J., Parental divorce during childhood: Age at first intercourse, partnership and parenthood (1997) Popln Stud., 51, pp. 41-55; Kuh, D., Maclean, M., Women's childhood experience of parental separation and their subsequent health and socioeconomic status in adulthood (1990) J. Biosocl Sci., 22, pp. 121-135; Landis, J.R., Koch, G.G., The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data (1977) Biometrics, 33, pp. 159-174; Lynn, P., Remember, remember the 5th of November (or was it October?): The effects of respondent recall error on survey estimates of crime victimisation (2003) Mimeo, , Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester; Machin, S., Montgomery, S.J., Thomas, J., (1997) Childhood Family Disruption and Juvenile Delinquency: Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study, , Unpublished. University College London, London; Maclean, M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The interests of children after parental divorce: A long-term perspective (1988) Int. J. Law Famly, 2, pp. 155-166; Maddala, G.S., (1983) Limited-dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Manski, C.F., Sandefur, G.D., McLanahan, S., Powers, D., Alternative estimates of the effect of family structure during adolescence on high school graduation (1992) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 87, pp. 25-37; McLanahan, S.S., Parent absence or poverty: Which matters more? (1997) Consequences of Growing up Poor, pp. 35-48. , (eds G. J. Duncan and J. Brooks-Gunn). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Monck, E., Graham, P., Richman, N., Dobbs, R., Adolescent girls I: Self-reported mood disturbance in a community population (1994) Br. J. Psychiatr., 165, pp. 760-769; Ni Bhrolcháin, M., Chappell, R., Diamond, I., Educational and sociodemographic outcomes among children of disrupted and intact marriages (1994) Population, 6, pp. 1585-1612; Ni Bhrolcháin, M., Chappell, R., Diamond, I., Jameson, C., Parental divorce and outcome for children: Evidence and interpretation (2000) Eur. Social. Rev., 16, pp. 67-91; O'Connor, T.G., Hawkins, N., Dunn, J., Thorpe, K.J., Golding, J., Family type and depression in pregnancy: Factors mediating risk in a community sample (1998) J. Marr. Famly, 60, pp. 757-770; Rendall, M.S., Clarke, L., Peters, E.H., Ranjit, N., Verropoulou, G., Incomplete reporting of men's fertility in the United States and Britain: A research note (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 135-144; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) J. Chid Psychol. Psychiatr., 35, pp. 1289-1308; Rodgers, B., Power, C., Hope, S., Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort (1997) J. Chid Psychol. Psychiatr., 38, pp. 867-872; Rodgers, B., Pryor, J., (1998) Divorce and Separation: The Outcomes for Children, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Sweeting, H., West, P., Richards, M., Teenage family life, lifestyles and life changes: Associations with family structure, conflicts with parents and joint family activity (1998) Int. J. Law Poly Famly, 12, pp. 15-46; Verropoulou, G., Joshi, H., Wiggins, R.D., Migration, family structure and children's well-being: A multi-level analysis of the second generation of the 1958 birth cohort study (2002) Chid. Soc., 16, pp. 219-231; Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B., Butler, N., Family type and accident in preschool children (1983) J. Epidem. Commty Hlth, 37, pp. 100-104; Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B., Butler, N., The influence of family type on children's behaviour and development at five years (1985) J. Chid Psychol. Psychiatr., 26, pp. 245-254; Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain: Results from the 2000 General Household Survey, , London: Stationery Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21244505075&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-985X.2005.00362.x&partnerID=40&md5=accac66ad4078b223e93afad65cb39c0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An intergenerational and lifecourse study of health and mortality risk in parents of the 1958 birth cohort: (II) mortality rates and study representativeness T2 - Public Health J2 - Public Health VL - 119 IS - 7 SP - 608 EP - 615 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.11.002 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Davey Smith, G. AU - Shepherd, P. AU - Power, C. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. We recently traced and flagged parents for the participants in the National Child Development Survey (NCDS, 1958 cohort). This paper evaluates the representativeness of the study population and assesses our success in identifying the biological parents. Study design. Intergenerational cohort study. Methods. Parents for participants in the NCDS (born 1 week in March 1958) were traced and flagged for mortality follow-up (14 334 fathers, 15 076 mothers). Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated using data from England, Scotland and Wales during corresponding time periods. Results. By 31 December 2003, 6808 fathers and 4148 mothers (born 1890-1943) had died (569 918 and 645 354 years of follow-up, respectively). The overall mortality rate in this parent population was lower compared with the age-, gender-, period- and area-standardized reference rates (SMRs of 83 for fathers and 86 for mothers). Mortality rates for biological parents were higher if cohort members had had non-biological parent figures during the childhood surveys (SMRs of 135 for fathers and 374 for mothers). Parental smoking (in 1974) was strongly associated with lung cancer mortality among biological parents [HR 6.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 4.6-8.1 for fathers; HR 15.0, 95% CI 9.7-23 for mothers) but not among non-biological parents (HR 2.0, 95% CI 0.8-5.5; HR 1.8, 95% CI 0.4-7.9, respectively) which demonstrates that the tracing of the biological parents had been successful. Conclusions. Mortality is markedly reduced in a cohort of parents compared with the general population. The validity of identification of biological parents is demonstrated by the strong association between smoking and lung cancer. © The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Cohort study KW - Intergenerational KW - Lifecourse epidemiology KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - Smoking KW - cancer KW - epidemiology KW - mortality risk KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - death KW - disease association KW - family study KW - female KW - follow up KW - health status KW - human KW - lifespan KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - parent KW - parentage analysis KW - parental behavior KW - population research KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Family Health KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Mothers KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Population Surveillance KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Registries KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Scotland KW - Smoking KW - Wales KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 15925676 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hyppönen, E.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: e.hypponen@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Shepherd, P., Power, C., An intergenerational and lifecourse study of health and mortality risk in parents of the 1958 birth cohort: (I) methods and tracing (2005) Public Health, , this issue, doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.11.003; Pembrey, M., Imprinting and transgenerational modulation of gene expression; human growth as a model (1996) Acta Med. Scand., 45, pp. 111-125; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Ferrell, C., Upton, M., Hole, D., Hawthorne, V., Watt, G., Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1189-1193; Rose, G., Familial patterns in ischaemic heart disease (1964) Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 18, pp. 75-80; Hammond, E.C., Garfinkel, L., Seidman, H., Longevity of parents and grandparents in relation to coronary heart disease and associated variables (1971) Circulation, 43, pp. 31-44; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 45-60; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., Davey Smith, G., Parental growth at different life stages and offspring birthweight - An intergenerational cohort study (2004) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 168-177; Green, A., Beral, V., Moser, K., Mortality in women in relation to their childbearing history (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 391-395; Kotler, P., Wingard, D.L., The effect of occupational, marital and parental roles on mortality: The Alameda County Study (1989) Am. J. Public Health, 79, pp. 607-612; Elstad, J.I., Inequalities in health related to women's marital, parental, and employment status - A comparison between the early 70s and the late 80s, Norway (1996) Soc. Sci. Med., 42, pp. 75-89; Manor, O., Eisenbach, Z., Israeli, A., Friedlander, Y., Mortality differentials among women: The Israel Longitudinal Mortality Study (2000) Soc. Sci. Med., 51, pp. 1175-1188; Ronsmans, C., Khlat, M., Kodio, B., Ba, M., De Bernis, L., Etard, J., Evidence for a healthy pregnant woman effect in Niakhar, Senegal? (2001) Int. J. Epidemiol., 30, pp. 467-473; Ringback, W.G., Burstrom, B., Rosen, M., Premature mortality among lone fathers and childless men (2004) Soc. Sci. Med., 59, pp. 1449-1459; Deaths: Age and sex, numbers and rates, 1976 onwards (2004), http://www.statistics.gov.uk, Office of National Statistics. Health Statistics Quarterly 17. (England and Wales) (HSQ1761) Last accessed 8 March; Historic mortality tables-1837 to latest year (2004), Office of National Statistics Last accessed 8 March; Fogelman, K., Growing up in Great Britain London (1983), London: Macmillan; Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., Sutherland, I., Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors (2004) BMJ, 328, p. 1519; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , editor National Children's Bureau London; National Child Development Study. Composite file including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five (1994), [computer file]. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. SN: 3148. The Data Archive [distributor] Colchester, Essex; Muller, H.G., Chiou, J.M., Carey, J.R., Wang, J.L., Fertility and life span: Late children enhance female longevity (2002) J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 57, pp. B202-B206; Armitage, B., Babb, P., Population review: (4). Trends in fertility (1996) Popul. Trends, pp. 7-13; Power, C., Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Socio-economic position in childhood and in early adult life and mortality in women: Prospective study of mothers of the 1958 British birth cohort (2005) Am. J. Public Health, , in press; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Assortative mating in a contemporary British population (1987) Ann. Hum. Biol., 14, pp. 59-68; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., Intergenerational studies of human birth weight from the 1958 birth cohort. 1. Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Power, C., Effects of grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy on birth weight: Intergenerational cohort study (2003) BMJ, 327, p. 898; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., An intergenerational study of birth weight: Investigating the birth order effect (2004) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 111, pp. 377-379 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19744368622&doi=10.1016%2fj.puhe.2004.11.002&partnerID=40&md5=f0403ce0d350bfda7d114665afcb82c9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An intergenerational and lifecourse study of health and mortality risk in parents of the 1958 birth cohort: (I) methods and tracing T2 - Public Health J2 - Public Health VL - 119 IS - 7 SP - 599 EP - 607 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.11.003 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Davey Smith, G. AU - Shepherd, P. AU - Power, C. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. This paper describes the methods used to obtain information on mortality and cancer registrations for the parents of the British 1958 birth cohort, in order to create a dataset that can be used to examine intergenerational relationships on health and growth. Study design. Intergenerational cohort study. Methods. The 1958 cohort includes all births occurring during 1 week in March 1958 in England, Scotland and Wales. For more than four decades of follow-up, information has been collected on cohort members, their parents and children. Information on the National Health Service (NHS) numbers of the parents was not available, but other details were collated for the Office for National Statistics to trace and flag the biological parents of the cohort members. Results. Tracing was successful in 90.2% of fathers (n= 14,334) and 94.9% of mothers (n=15,076). The greatest success was achieved for parents in families where there was no indication for additional mother or father figures until the child was 16 years old (96.6% of the mothers traced, n=14,274; 94.3% of the fathers traced, n=13,256). Tracing rates were lower than average in unmarried mothers (59%) and for the small group who were separated, widowed or divorced in 1958 (81%); the rates were particularly poor for the corresponding fathers (24.4 and 54.7%, respectively). There were only small variations in tracing rates between different regions of Britain. Conclusions. The tracing rates achieved were generally very high despite the lack of NHS number, especially where there was family stability throughout the childhood of cohort members. Parental status will need to be considered in future studies. With the high tracing rates achieved, the dataset provides an important resource with which to evaluate multigenerational associations with health and development in parents, their offspring and grandchildren. © 2005 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Cohort study KW - Intergenerational KW - Lifecourse epidemiology KW - Tracing KW - epidemiology KW - health risk KW - mortality risk KW - adult KW - article KW - biostatistics KW - cancer registry KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease predisposition KW - divorce KW - family life KW - family study KW - female KW - follow up KW - health status KW - heredity KW - human KW - information processing KW - lifespan KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - marriage KW - mortality KW - national health service KW - parent KW - progeny KW - questionnaire KW - risk assessment KW - United Kingdom KW - widow KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Family Health KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Mothers KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Population Surveillance KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Questionnaires KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Scotland KW - Wales KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 15925675 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hyppönen, E.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: e.hypponen@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Rose, G., Familial patterns in ischaemic heart disease (1964) Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 18, pp. 75-80; Hammond, E.C., Garfinkel, L., Seidman, H., Longevity of parents and grandparents in relation to coronary heart disease and associated variables (1971) Circulation, 43, pp. 31-44; Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: Ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 897-900; Pembrey, M., Imprinting and transgenerational modulation of gene expression; human growth as a model (1996) Acta Med. Scand., 45, pp. 111-125; Barker, D., (1998) Mothers, Babies, and Health in Later Life, , London: Churchill Livingstone; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of Ill Health from Early to Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Milne, B.J., Thomson, W.M., Taylor, A., Sears, M.R., Association between children's experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: A life-course study (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1640-1645; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Ferrell, C., Upton, M., Hole, D., Hawthorne, V., Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1189-1193; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Power, C., Parental diabetes and birth weight of offspring: Intergenerational cohort study (2003) BMJ, 326, pp. 19-20; Davey, S.G., Sterne, J.A., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Birth characteristics of offspring and parental diabetes: Evidence for the fetal insulin hypothesis (2004) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health, 58, pp. 126-128; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Shepherd, P., Power, C., An intergenerational and lifecourse study of health and mortality risk in parents of the 1958 birth cohort: (II) mortality rates and study representativeness (2005) Public Health, , this issue, doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2004.11.002; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , editor National Children's Bureau London; Li, L., Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Breast feeding and obesity in childhood: Cross sectional study (2003) BMJ, 327, pp. 904-905; National Child Development Study. Composite file including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five (1994), [computer file]. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. SN: 3148. The Data Archive [distributor]. Colchester, Essex; National Child Development Study. Sixth Follow-up, NCDS6 (1999/2000) (2002), http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. Last accessed 23/09/2003. London; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National child development study (1992) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 6, pp. 81-110; Power, C., Li, L., Cohort study of birthweight, mortality, and disability (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 840-841; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Are inequalities in height narrowing? Comparing effects of social class on height in two generations (2004) Arch. Dis. Child, 89, pp. 1018-1023; Li, L., Power, C., Influences on childhood growth: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Int. J. Epidemiol., 33, pp. 1320-1328; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., Davey Smith, G., Parental growth at different life stages and offspring birthweight - An intergenerational cohort study (2004) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 168-177; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., Intergenerational studies of human birth weight from the 1958 birth cohort 1. evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome I. birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 45-60; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., An intergenerational study of birth weight: Investigating the birth order effect (2004) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 111, pp. 377-379; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Power, C., Effects of grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy on birth weight: Intergenerational cohort study (2003) BMJ, 327, p. 898 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19744373784&doi=10.1016%2fj.puhe.2004.11.003&partnerID=40&md5=f3d77d74b637d090781fb64261ea2a8c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breastfeeding and risk of schizophrenia in the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort T2 - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica J2 - Acta Psychiatr. Scand. VL - 112 IS - 1 SP - 26 EP - 29 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00548.x SN - 0001690X (ISSN) AU - Sørensen, H.J. AU - Mortensen, E.L. AU - Reinisch, J.M. AU - Mednick, S.A. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Amager Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Institute of Preventive Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States AD - R2 Science Communications, Inc., Bloomington, IN, United States AD - Social Science Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States AD - Department of Health Psychology, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark AB - Objective: The aim was to study whether early weaning from breastfeeding may be associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. Method: The current sample comprises 6841 individuals from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort of whom 1671 (24%) had been breastfed for 2 weeks or less (early weaning) and 5170 (76%) had been breastfed longer. Maternal schizophrenia, parental social status, single mother status and gender were included as covariates in a multiple regression analysis of the effect of early weaning on the risk of hospitalization with schizophrenia. Results: The sample comprised 93 cases of schizophrenia (1.4%). Maternal schizophrenia was the strongest risk factor and a significant association between single mother status and elevated offspring risk of schizophrenia was also observed. Early weaning was significantly related to later schizophrenia in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses (adjusted odds ratio 1.73 with 95% CI: 1.13-2.67). Conclusion: No or < 2 weeks of breastfeeding was associated with elevated risk of schizophrenia. The hypothesis of some protective effect of breastfeeding against the risk of later schizophrenia is supported by our data. © 2005 Blackwell Munksgaard. KW - Breastfeeding KW - Schizophrenia KW - Single parent KW - Weaning KW - adult KW - article KW - breast feeding KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - Denmark KW - female KW - gender KW - hospitalization KW - human KW - interview KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal disease KW - multiple regression KW - newborn KW - perinatal period KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - single parent KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - weaning KW - Adult KW - Breast Feeding KW - Catchment Area (Health) KW - Cohort Studies KW - Denmark KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Sex Factors KW - Single Parent KW - Social Class KW - Weaning N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APYSA C2 - 15952942 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sørensen, H.J.; Department of Psychiatry, Amager Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark N1 - References: Anderson, J.W., Johnstone, B.M., Remley, D.T., Breast-feeding and cognitive development: A meta-analysis (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 525-535; Golding, J., Rogers, I.S., Emmett, P.M., Association between breastfeeding, child development and behaviour (1997) Early Hum Dev, 49 (SUPPL.), pp. S175-S184; Mortensen, E.L., Michaelsen, K.F., Sanders, S.A., Reinisch, J.M., The association between duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence (2002) JAMA, 287, pp. 2365-2371; Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., Sacker, A., Childhood precursors of psychosis as clues to its evolutionary origins (1995) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 245, pp. 61-69; Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R., Marmot, M., Child development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; McCreadie, R.G., The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. 16. Breast-feeding and schizophrenia: Preliminary results and hypotheses (1997) Br J Psychiatry, 170, pp. 334-337; Peet, M., Poole, J., Laugharne, J., Infant feeding and the development of schizophrenia (1997) Schizophr Res, 24, pp. 255-256; Leask, S.J., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Richards, M., Jones, P.B., No association between breast-feeding and adult psychosis in two national birth cohorts (2000) Br J Psychiatry, 177, pp. 218-221; Amore, M., Balista, C., McCreadie, R.G., Can breastfeeding protect against schizophrenia? (2003) Biol Neonate, 83, pp. 97-101; Sasaki, T., Okazaki, Y., Akaho, R., Type of feeding during infancy and later development of schizophrenia (2000) Schizophr Res, 42, pp. 79-82; Done, J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey Sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Zachau-Christiansen, B., Ross, E.M., (1975) Babies: Human Development during the First Year, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; Reinisch, J.M., Mortensen, E.L., Sanders, S.A., The prenatal development project (1993) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 370, pp. 54-61; Munk-JØrgensen, P., Mortensen, P.B., The Danish Psychiatric Central Register (1997) Dan Med Bull, 44, pp. 82-84; (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Geneva: World Health Organisation; (1993) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, , Geneva: World Health Organization; Sørensen, H.J., Mortensen, E.L., Reinisch, J.M., Mednick, S.A., Association between prenatal exposure to analgesics and risk of schizophrenia (2004) Br J Psychiatry, 185, pp. 366-371; Mortensen, P.B., Eaton, W.W., Predictors for readmission risk in schizophrenia (1994) Psychol Med, 24, pp. 223-232; Mortensen, P.B., Pedersen, C.B., Westergaard, T., Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia (1999) N Engl J Med, 340, pp. 603-608 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21044445062&doi=10.1111%2fj.1600-0447.2005.00548.x&partnerID=40&md5=d7f1ac5ad13a6d3338b30a451b37e659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational health disparities: Socioeconomic status, women's health conditions, and child behavior problems T2 - Public Health Reports J2 - Public Health Rep. VL - 120 IS - 4 SP - 399 EP - 408 PY - 2005 SN - 00333549 (ISSN) AU - Kahn, R.S. AU - Wilson, K. AU - Wise, P.H. AD - Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States AD - Department of Economics, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States AD - Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States AD - Center for Health Policy, Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States AD - Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML 7035, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States AB - Objective. Relatively little is known about the intergenerational mechanisms that lead to social disparities in child health. We examined whether the association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and child behavior problems is mediated by maternal health conditions and behavior. Methods. Prospective cohort data (1979-1998) on 2,677 children and their mothers were obtained from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. SES, the Child Behavior Problems Index (BPI), and maternal smoking, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use before, during, and after pregnancy were examined. Results. Lower income and lower maternal education were associated with increased child BPI scores. Adjustment for maternal smoking, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use attenuated the associations between SES and child BPI by 26% to 49%. These maternal health conditions often occurred together, persisted over time, and were associated with the mother's own childhood SES and pre-pregnancy health. Conclusions. Social disparities in women's health conditions may help shape the likelihood of behavior problems in the subsequent generation. Improved public health programs and services for disadvantaged women across the lifecourse may not only address their own urgent health needs, but reduce social disparities in the health and well-being of their children. ©2005 Association of Schools of Public Health. KW - adjustment KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - alcohol consumption KW - alcoholism KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child KW - child health KW - depression KW - education KW - female KW - health behavior KW - health program KW - health service KW - health survey KW - human KW - income KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal behavior KW - maternal welfare KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - puerperium KW - scoring system KW - smoking KW - social problem KW - social status KW - wellbeing KW - behavior disorder KW - classification KW - depression KW - educational status KW - human relation KW - longitudinal study KW - maternal age KW - maternal welfare KW - poverty KW - preschool child KW - smoking KW - social class KW - statistical model KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child, Preschool KW - Depression KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intergenerational Relations KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Maternal Welfare KW - Poverty KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PHRPA C2 - 16025720 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kahn, R.S.; Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML 7035, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States; email: robert.kahn@cchmc.org N1 - References: Halfon, N., Hochstein, M., Life course health development: An integrated framework for developing health, policy, and research (2002) Milbank Q, 80, pp. 433-479; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Why do poor people hehave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 809-819; Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1434-1438; Wamala, S.P., Lynch, J., Kaplan, G.A., Women's exposure to early and later life socioeconomic disadvantage and coronary heart disease risk: The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 275-284; Gilman, S.E., Kawachi, I., Fitzmaurice, G.M., Buka, S.L., Socioeconomic status in childhood and the lifetime risk of major depression (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 359-367; Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Hope, S., Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socio-economic differentials in psychological distress: Evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 1989-2004; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Smith, G.D., Hart, C., Blane, D., Hole, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1631-1635; Wang, X., Tager, I.B., Van Vunakis, H., Speizer, F.E., Hanrahan, J.P., Maternal smoking during pregnancy, urine cotinine concentrations, and birth outcomes. A prospective cohort study (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 978-988; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Gray, R., A follow-up study of attentional behavior in 6-year-old children exposed prenatally to marihuana, cigarettes, and alcohol (1992) Neurotoxicol Teratol, 14, pp. 299-311; Radke-Yarrow, M., Nottelmann, E., Martinez, P., Fox, M.B., Belmont, B., Young children of affectively ill parents: A longitudinal study of psychosocial development (1992) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 31, pp. 68-77; Olson, H.C., Streissguth, A.P., Sampson, P.D., Barr, H.M., Bookstein, F.L., Thiede, K., Association of prenatal alcohol exposure with behavioral and learning problems in early adolescence (1997) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36, pp. 1187-1194; Weil, C.M., Wade, S.L., Bauman, L.J., Lynn, H., Mitchell, H., Lavigne, J., The relationship between psychosocial factors and asthma morbidity in inner-city children with asthma (1999) Pediatrics, 104, pp. 1274-1280; Chilmonczyk, B.A., Salmun, L.M., Megathlin, K.N., Neveux, L.M., Palomaki, G.E., Knight, G.J., Association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and exacerbations of asthma in children (1993) N Engl J Med, 328, pp. 1665-1669; Smith, G.D., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552. , published erratum appears in BMJ 1997 Apr 5;314(7086):1012; Winkleby, M.A., Kraemer, H.C., Ahn, D.K., Varady, A.N., Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors: Findings for women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (1998) JAMA, 280, pp. 356-362; Marmot, M., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M., Marks, N.F., Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 901-910; Kahn, R.S., Zuckerman, B., Bauchner, H., Homer, C.J., Wise, P.H., Women's health after pregnancy and child outcomes at age 3 years: A prospective cohort study (2002) Am J Public Health, 92, pp. 1312-1318; Schoenborn, C.A., Adams, P.F., Alcohol use among adults: United States, 1997-98 (2001) Adv Data, 324, pp. 1-20. , http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/01facts/alcoholuse.htm; (1999) NLSY79 User's Guide, , Columbus: Ohio State University; Peterson, J., Zill, N., Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behavioral problems in children (1986) J Marriage Family, 48, pp. 295-307; Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C.S., Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen (1981) Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 46, pp. 1-82; Costello, E.J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., Angold, A., Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60, pp. 837-844; Burke, J.D., Loeber, R., Birmaher, B., Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: A review of the past 10 years, part II (2002) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 41, pp. 1275-1293; Lahey, B.B., Loeber, R., Burke, J., Rathouz, P.J., McBurnett, K., Waxing and waning in concert: Dynamic comorbidity of conduct disorder with other disruptive and emotional problems over 7 years among clinic-referred boys (2002) J Abnorm Psychol, 111, pp. 556-567; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Economic deprivation and early childhood development (1994) Child Dev, 65 (2 SPEC. NO.), pp. 296-318; Williams, G.M., O'Callaghan, M., Najman, J.M., Bor, W., Andersen, M.J., Richards, D., Maternal cigarette smoking and child psychiatric morbidity: A longitudinal study (1998) Pediatrics, 102, pp. e11; Luoma, I., Tamminen, T., Kaukonen, P., Laippala, P., Puura, K., Salmelin, R., Longitudinal study of maternal depressive symptoms and child well-being (2001) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 40, pp. 1367-1374; Sood, B., Delaney-Black, V., Covington, C., Nordstrom-Klee, B., Ager, J., Templin, T., Prenatal alcohol exposure and childhood behavior at age 6 to 7 years: I. Dose-response effect (2001) Pediatrics, 108, pp. E34; Spieker, S.J., Larson, N.C., Lewis, S.M., Keller, T.E., Gilchrist, L., Developmental trajectories of disruptive behavior problems in preschool children of adolescent mothers (1999) Child Dev, 70, pp. 443-458; Blau, D.M., The effect of income on child development (1999) Rev Econ Stat, 81, pp. 261-276; Weissman, M.M., Sholomskas, D., Pottenger, M., Prusoff, B.A., Locke, B.Z., Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: A validation study (1977) Am J Epidemiol, 106, pp. 203-214; Rosenberg, M., (1965) Society and the Adolescent Self-image, , Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press; Kendler, K.S., Gardner, C.O., Prescott, C.A., A population-based twin study of self-esteem and gender (1998) Psychol Med, 28, pp. 1403-1409; Baron, R., Kenny, D., The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations (1986) J Pers Soc Psych, 51, pp. 1173-1182; Richters, J., Depressed mothers as informants about their children: A critical review of the evidence for distortion (1992) Psych Bull, 112, pp. 485-499; (2001) SUDAAN Software for Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data. Release 8.0, , Research Triangle Park (NC): Research Triangle Institute; (2000) SAS: Release 8.1, , Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; Korenman, S., Miller, J., Sjaastad, J., Long-term poverty and child development in the United States: Results from the NLSY (1995) Child Youth Serv Rev, 17, pp. 127-155; McLeod, J., Shanahan, M., Poverty, parenting and children's mental health (1993) Amer Soc Rev, 58, pp. 351-366; Costello, E.J., Compton, S.N., Keeler, G., Angold, A., Relationships between poverty and psychopathology: A natural experiment (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 2023-2029; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Shema, S.J., Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 1889-1895; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., Maternal smoking before and after pregnancy: Effects on behavioral outcomes in middle childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 815-822; Wakschlag, L.S., Lahey, B.B., Loeber, R., Green, S.M., Gordon, R.A., Leventhal, B.L., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of conduct disorder in boys (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 670-676; McMunn, A.M., Nazroo, J.Y., Marmot, M.G., Boreham, R., Goodman, R., Children's emotional and behavioural well-being and the family environment: Findings from the Health Survey for England (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 423-440; Mick, E., Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Sayer, J., Kleinman, S., Case-control study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and maternal smoking, alcohol use, and drug use during pregnancy (2002) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 41, pp. 378-385; Lovejoy, M.C., Graczyk, P.A., O'Hare, E., Neuman, G., Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review (2000) Clin Psychol Rev, 20, pp. 561-592; Slotkin, T.A., Fetal nicotine or cocaine exposure: Which one is worse? (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 285, pp. 931-945; Kahn, R.S., Khoury, J., Nichols, W.C., Lanphear, B.P., Role of dopamine transporter genotype and maternal prenatal smoking in childhood hyperactive-impulsive, inattentive, and oppositional behaviors (2003) J Pediatr, 143, pp. 104-110; Abreu-Villaca, Y., Seidler, F.J., Tate, C.A., Slotkin, T.A., Nicotine is a neurotoxin in the adolescent brain: Critical periods, patterns of exposure, regional selectivity, and dose thresholds for macromolecular alterations (2003) Brain Res, 979, pp. 114-128; Shen, R.Y., Hannigan, J.H., Kapatos, G., Prenatal ethanol reduces the activity of adult midbrain dopamine neurons (1999) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 23, pp. 1801-1807; Szot, P., White, S.S., Veith, R.C., Rasmussen, D.D., Reduced gene expression for dopamine biosynthesis and transport in midbrain neurons of adult male rats exposed prenatally to ethanol (1999) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 23, pp. 1643-1649; Kahn, R.S., Certain, L., Whitaker, R.C., A reexamination of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy (2002) Am J Public Health, 92, pp. 1801-1808; McCormick, M.C., Workman-Daniels, K., Brooks-Gunn, J., The behavioral and emotional well-being of school-age children with different birth weights (1996) Pediatrics, 97, pp. 18-25; Conger, R.D., Ge, X., Elder Jr., G.H., Lorenz, F.O., Simons, R.L., Economic stress, coercive family process, and developmental problems of adolescents (1994) Child Dev, 65 (2 SPEC. NO.), pp. 541-561; Jackson, A.P., Brooks-Gunn, J., Huang, C.C., Glassman, M., Single mothers in low-wage jobs: Financial strain, parenting, and preschoolers' outcomes (2000) Child Dev, 71, pp. 1409-1423; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood and insulin resistance: Cross sectional survey using data from British women's heart and health study (2002) BMJ, 325, p. 805. , Erratum published in BMJ 2003;326:488; Hughes, J.R., Goldstein, M.G., Hurt, R.D., Shiffman, S., Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of smoking (1999) JAMA, 281, pp. 72-76; Jorenby, D.E., Leischow, S.J., Nides, M.A., Rennard, S.I., Johnston, J.A., Hughes, A.R., A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation (1999) N Engl J Med, 340, pp. 685-691; Biener, L., Harris, J.E., Hamilton, W., Impact of the Massachusetts tobacco control programme: Population based trend analysis (2000) BMJ, 321, pp. 351-354; (1999) Treatment of Depression - Newer Pharmacotherapies. Summary, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: Number 7, , http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/deprsumm.htm, March; Weisner, C., Mertens, J., Parthasarathy, S., Moore, C., Lu, Y., Integrating primary medical care with addiction treatment: A randomized controlled trial (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 1715-1723; Fleming, M.F., Barry, K.L., Manwell, L.B., Johnson, K., London, R., Brief physician advice for problem alcohol drinkers. A randomized controlled trial in community-based primary care practices (1997) JAMA, 277, pp. 1039-1045; Kahn, R.S., Wise, P., Finkelstein, J., Bernstein, H., Lowe, J., Homer, C., The scope of unmet maternal health needs in pediatric settings (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. 576-581; Lambrew, J.M., (2001) Health Insurance: A Family Affair: A National Profile and State-by-state Analysis of Uninsured Parents and Their Children, , New York: The Commonwealth Fund; Bill Summary and Status for the 107th Congress. Summary: FamilyCare Act of 2001, , http://rs9.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:SN01244:@@@L&summ2= m&#summary; Connell, A.M., Goodman, S.H., The association between psychopathology in fathers versus mothers and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems: A meta-analysis (2002) Psychol Bull, 128, pp. 746-773 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22844436642&partnerID=40&md5=1fadd9817ebe993f15c30cd29064c561 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and neonatal limb length; does prenatal vitamin D influence neonatal size and shape? T2 - Early Human Development J2 - Early Hum. Dev. VL - 81 IS - 7 SP - 609 EP - 618 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.03.013 SN - 03783782 (ISSN) AU - McGrath, J.J. AU - Keeping, D. AU - Saha, S. AU - Chant, D.C. AU - Lieberman, D.E. AU - O'Callaghan, M.J. AD - Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4065, Australia AD - Queensland Fertility Group, 225 Wickham Terrace, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia AD - Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States AD - Child Development and Rehabilitation Services, University of Queensland, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia AB - Background: Birth weight is known to fluctuate with season of birth, however, there is little information about seasonal variation in neonatal anthropometric measures. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and selected anthropometric measures. Study design and subjects: The birth weight of singletons born after at least 37 weeks gestation was extracted from a perinatal register in south-east Queensland (n = 350,171). Mean monthly birth weights for this period were examined. Based on a separate birth cohort, principal component analysis was undertaken on neonatal anthropometric measures (n = 1233). Seasonality was assessed by (a) spectral analysis of time series data, (b) monthly and seasonal comparison of outcomes. Results: Based on register data, birth weight displayed clear annual periodicity. Birth weight differed significantly when compared by month and season. Infants born in October were the heaviest (3484 g), while May-born infants were the lightest (3459 g; P = 0.001). Based on the cohort anthropometric data, three components were identified related to (a) overall size, (b) limb length, and (c) head size and skin-fold thickness. Each of these components displayed significant seasonal variation. In particular, prominent seasonal fluctuations in limb length were identified, with peak limb length associated with winter/spring birth. Conclusion: Environmental factors that have regular seasonal fluctuation influence both the size and shape of neonates. Animal experiments suggest that prenatal hypovitaminosis D may underlie greater limb length. Because birth weight and limb length are associated with a broad range of important health outcomes, the seasonal exposures underlying these effects warrant further scrutiny from a public health perspective. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth weight KW - Limb length KW - Seasons KW - Vitamin D KW - vitamin D KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - Australia KW - birth KW - birth weight KW - cephalometry KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - environmental exposure KW - environmental factor KW - examination KW - gestational age KW - human KW - leg length KW - newborn KW - outcomes research KW - prenatal care KW - principal component analysis KW - register KW - seasonal variation KW - skinfold thickness KW - spectroscopy KW - spring KW - time series analysis KW - vitamin deficiency KW - winter KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Size KW - Body Weights and Measures KW - Extremities KW - Female KW - Fetal Development KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Periodicity KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Care KW - Seasons KW - Vitamin D N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EHDED C2 - 15972254 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McGrath, J.J.; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia; email: john_mcgrath@qcsr.uq.edu.au N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Vitamin D, 1406-16-2 N1 - References: Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull World Health Organ, 65 (5), pp. 663-737; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323 (7308), pp. 310-3114; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325 (7359), p. 305; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322 (7280), pp. 199-203; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85 (3), pp. 189-196; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315 (7105), pp. 401-403; Susser, E., Matte, T.D., Early antecedents of adult health (1998) J Urban Health, 75 (2), pp. 236-241; Barker, D.J., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh; Hindmarsh, P.C., Geary, M.P., Rodeck, C.H., Kingdom, J.C., Cole, T.J., Intrauterine growth and its relationship to size and shape at birth (2002) Pediatr Res, 52 (2), pp. 263-268; Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Wield, G.A., The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) BMJ, 306 (6875), pp. 422-426; Kramer, M.S., Olivier, M., McLean, F.H., Dougherty, G.E., Willis, D.M., Usher, R.H., Determinants of fetal growth and body proportionality (1990) Pediatrics, 86 (1), pp. 18-26; Kramer, M.S., McLean, F.H., Olivier, M., Willis, D.M., Usher, R.H., Body proportionality and head and length 'sparing' in growth-retarded neonates: A critical reappraisal (1989) Pediatrics, 84 (4), pp. 717-723; Sacks, D.A., Determinants of fetal growth (2004) Curr Diabetes Rep, 4 (4), pp. 281-287; Morley, R., Dwyer, T., Carlin, J.B., Studies of twins: Can they shed light on the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis? (2003) Twin Res, 6 (6), pp. 520-525; Selvin, S., Janerich, D.T., Four factors influencing birth weight (1971) Br J Prev Soc Med, 25 (1), pp. 12-16; Roberts, D.F., Environment and the fetus (1975) The Biology of Human Fetal Growth, , D.F. Roberts A.M. Thomson Taylor and Francis London; Matsuda, S., Sone, T., Doi, T., Kahyo, H., Seasonality of mean birth weight and mean gestational period in Japan (1993) Hum Biol, 65 (3), pp. 481-501; Wohlfahrt, J., Melbye, M., Christens, P., Andersen, A.M., Hjalgrim, H., Secular and seasonal variation of length and weight at birth (1998) Lancet, 352 (9145), p. 1990; Waldie, K.E., Poulton, R., Kirk, I.J., Silva, P.A., The effects of pre- and post-natal sunlight exposure on human growth: Evidence from the southern Hemisphere (2000) Early Hum Dev, 60 (1), pp. 35-42; Murray, L.J., O'Reilly, D.P., Betts, N., Patterson, C.C., Davey Smith, G., Evans, A.E., Season and outdoor ambient temperature: Effects on birth weight (2000) Obstet Gynaecol, 96 (5 PART 1), pp. 689-695; Phillips, D.I., Young, J.B., Birth weight, climate at birth and the risk of obesity in adult life (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24 (3), pp. 281-287; Gloria-Bottini, F., Meloni, G.F., Finocchi, A., Porcu, S., Amante, A., Bottini, E., Rh system and intrauterine growth. Interaction with season of birth (2000) Dis Markers, 16 (3-4), pp. 139-142; Keeping, J.D., Najman, J.M., Morrison, J., Western, J.S., Andersen, M.J., Williams, G.M., A prospective longitudinal study of social, psychological and obstetric factors in pregnancy: Response rates and demographic characteristics of the 8556 respondents (1989) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 96 (3), pp. 289-297; O'Callaghan, F.V., O'Callaghan, M., Najman, J.M., Williams, G.M., Bor, W., Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and physical outcomes up to 5 years of age: A longitudinal study (2003) Early Hum Dev, 71 (2), pp. 137-148; Keeping, J.D., (1981) Determinants and Components of Size at Birth, , [MD thesis]. University of Queensland;; Institute, S., (2001) SAS 8.02; Kramer, M.S., Morin, I., Yang, H., Platt, R.W., Usher, R., McNamara, H., Why are babies getting bigger? Temporal trends in fetal growth and its determinants (2002) J Pediatr, 141 (4), pp. 538-542; Done, S.J., Holbrook, N.J., Beggs, P.J., The quasi-biennial oscillation and Ross river virus incidence in Queensland, Australia (2002) Int J Biometeorol, 46 (4), pp. 202-207; Mercer, J.B., Cold-an underrated risk factor for health (2003) Environ Res, 92 (1), pp. 8-13; McGeehin, M.A., Mirabelli, M., The potential impacts of climate variability and change on temperature-related morbidity and mortality in the United States (2001) Environ Health Perspect, 109 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 185-189; Naughton, M.P., Henderson, A., Mirabelli, M.C., Kaiser, R., Wilhelm, J.L., Kieszak, S.M., Heat-related mortality during a 1999 heat wave in Chicago (2002) Am J Prev Med, 22 (4), pp. 221-227; Holick, M.F., Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D (1995) Am J Clin Nutr, 61 (3 SUPPL.), pp. 638S-645S; Wehr, T.A., A 'clock for all seasons' in the human brain (1996) Prog Brain Res, 111, pp. 321-342; Wehr, T.A., Effect of seasonal changes in daylength on human neuroendocrine function (1998) Horm Res, 49 (3-4), pp. 118-124; McMichael, A.J., (2001) Human Frontiers, Environments and Disease, , Cambridge University Press Cambridge; Kennaway, D.J., Flanagan, D.E., Moore, V.M., Cockington, R.A., Robinson, J.S., Phillips, D.I., The impact of fetal size and length of gestation on 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion in adult life (2001) J Pineal Res, 30 (3), pp. 188-192; Kennaway, D.J., Programming of the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus and subsequent adult rhythmicity (2002) Trends Endocrinol Metab, 13 (9), pp. 398-402; Cardinali, D.P., Ladizesky, M.G., Boggio, V., Cutrera, R.A., Mautalen, C., Melatonin effects on bone: Experimental facts and clinical perspectives (2003) J Pineal Res, 34 (2), pp. 81-87; Eyles, D., Brown, J., MacKay-Sim, A., McGrath, J., Feron, F., Vitamin D3 and brain development (2003) Neuroscience, 118 (3), pp. 641-653; Rummens, K., Van Bree, R., Van Herck, E., Zaman, Z., Bouillon, R., Van Assche, F.A., Vitamin D deficiency in guinea pigs: Exacerbation of bone phenotype during pregnancy and disturbed fetal mineralization, with recovery by 1,25(OH)2D3 infusion or dietary calcium-phosphate supplementation (2002) Calcif Tissue Int, 71 (4), pp. 364-375; Deluca, H.F., Zierold, C., Mechanisms and functions of vitamin D (1998) Nutr Rev, 56 (2 PART 2), pp. 4-S10; Webb, A.R., Kline, L., Holick, M.F., Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: Exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin (1988) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67 (2), pp. 373-378; McGrath, J.J., Kimlin, M.G., Saha, S., Eyles, D.W., Parisi, A.V., Vitamin D insufficiency in south-east Queensland (2001) Med J Aust, 174 (3), pp. 150-151; MacLennan, W.J., Hamilton, J.C., Darmady, J.M., The effects of season and stage of pregnancy on plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations in pregnant women (1980) Postgrad Med J, 56 (652), pp. 75-79; Lander, E.S., Linton, L.M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M.C., Baldwin, J., Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome (2001) Nature, 409 (6822), pp. 860-921; Darwish, H., Deluca, H.F., Vitamin D-regulated gene expression (1993) Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr, 3 (2), pp. 89-116; Prufer, K., Barsony, J., Retinoid X receptor dominates the nuclear import and export of the unliganded vitamin D receptor (2002) Mol Endocrinol, 16 (8), pp. 1738-1751; Raval-Pandya, M., Freedman, L.P., Li, H., Christakos, S., Thyroid hormone receptor does not heterodimerize with the vitamin D receptor but represses vitamin D receptor-mediated transactivation (1998) Mol Endocrinol, 12 (9), pp. 1367-1379; Deluca, H.F., Krisinger, J., Darwish, H., The vitamin D system: 1990 (1990) Kidney Int Suppl, 29, pp. 2-S8; Johnson, C.S., Hershberger, P.A., Bernardi, R.J., McGuire, T.F., Trump, D.L., Vitamin D receptor: A potential target for intervention (2002) Urology, 60 (3 SUPPL. 1), pp. 123-130; Weber, G.W., Prossinger, H., Seidler, H., Height depends on month of birth (1998) Nature, 391 (6669), pp. 754-755; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Upton, M., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Watt, G., Height and risk of death among men and women: Aetiological implications of associations with cardiorespiratory disease and cancer mortality (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54 (2), pp. 97-103; Gunnell, D., Okasha, M., Smith, G.D., Oliver, S.E., Sandhu, J., Holly, J.M., Height, leg length, and cancer risk: A systematic review (2001) Epidemiol Rev, 23 (2), pp. 313-342; Gunnell, D., Can adult anthropometry be used as a 'biomarker' for prenatal and childhood exposures? (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31 (2), pp. 390-394; McGrath, J., Does 'imprinting' with low prenatal vitamin D contribute to the risk of various adult disorders? (2001) Med Hypotheses, 56 (3), pp. 367-371 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21844456905&doi=10.1016%2fj.earlhumdev.2005.03.013&partnerID=40&md5=fa7b59c4f7074f0048fdda730641321a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic status as a cause and consequence of psychosomatic symptoms from adolescence to adulthood T2 - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology J2 - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 40 IS - 7 SP - 580 EP - 587 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s00127-005-0930-1 SN - 09337954 (ISSN) AU - Huurre, T. AU - Rahkonen, O. AU - Komulainen, E. AU - Aro, H. AD - Dept. of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland AD - Dept. of Social Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AD - Dept. of Education, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AB - Background: Few follow-up studies have investigated psychosomatic health and socioeconomic status (SES) and associations between them at different life stages. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in psychosomatic symptoms by SES in adolescence, early adulthood and adulthood and to examine whether lower SES leads to higher levels of symptoms (social causation) or higher levels of symptoms to lower SES (health selection) or both. Methods: All 16-year-old ninth-grade school pupils of one Finnish city completed questionnaires at school. Subjects were followed up using postal questionnaires when aged 22 and 32 years. Results: Females reported significantly higher scores of psychosomatic symptoms than males at 16, 22 and 32 years of age. Higher rates of psychosomatic symptoms were found among females of manual class origin at 16 years. In addition, at 22 years, both females and males with only comprehensive school education and, at 32 years, those who worked in manual jobs had higher scores of symptoms. When low SES both as a cause and consequence of symptoms was investigated, the findings supported both these paths among females and more the health selection among males. In both genders, especially the path from psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence to lower education in early adulthood was strong. Conclusions: The results highlight the need of greater consideration of psychosomatic symptoms, particularly in adolescence, in later socioeconomic outcomes. © Springer-Verlag 2005. KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Psychosomatic symptoms KW - Socioeconomic status KW - adolescence KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age distribution KW - article KW - controlled study KW - education KW - female KW - Finland KW - follow up KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - occupation KW - postal mail KW - psychosomatic disorder KW - questionnaire KW - scoring system KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - symptomatology KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Causality KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Psychophysiologic Disorders KW - Questionnaires KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Statistics N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPPEE C2 - 16025192 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Huurre, T.; Dept. of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland; email: taina.huurre@ktl.fi N1 - Funding text: Å Acknowledgements This study was supported by a grant from the Juho Vainio Foundation, the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg’s Foundation and the Academy of Finland (80414 and 45664). N1 - References: Allison, P.D., Missing data. Sage University papers series on quantitative applications in the social sciences (2001), SAGE Thousand Oaks, CA; Arbuckle, J.L., (2003) Amos 5 User's Guide, , SPSS Chicago, IL; Arbuckle, J.L., Wothke, W., (1999) Amos 4.0 User's Guide, , SmallWaters Corporation Chicago; Aro, S., Stress, morbidity and health-related behaviour: A five-year follow-up study among mental industry employees (1981) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 9 (SUPPL. 25), pp. 1-130. , 7323788; Aro, H., Stress, development and psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence: A comparison of the sexes (1989) Psychiatr. Fenn., 20, pp. 101-109; Aro, H., Paronen, O., Aro, S., Psychosomatic symptoms among 14- to 16-year-old Finnish adolescents (1987) Soc. Psychiatry, 22, pp. 171-176. , 10.1007/BF00583852; Aro, S., Aro, H., Keskimäki, I., Socioeconomic mobility among patients with schizophrenia or major affective disorders. A 17-year retrospective follow-up (1995) Br. J. Psychiatry, 166, pp. 759-767. , 7663824; Berntsson, L.T., Köhler, L., Long-term illness and psychosomatic complaints in children aged 2-17 years in the five Nordic countries (2001) Eur. J. Public Health, 11, pp. 35-42. , 10.1093/eurpub/11.1.35; Bijleveld, C.C., van der Kamp, L.J., Mooijaart, A., van Kloot der, W.A., van der Leeden, R., van der Burg, E., Longitudinal data analysis. Design, models and methods (1998), SAGE London, UK; Blane, D., Harding, S., Rosato, M., Does social mobility affect the size of the socioeconomic mortality differential?: Evidence from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (1999) J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 162, pp. 59-70. , 10.1111/1467-985X.00121; Bollen, K.A., Structural equations with latent variables. Wiley series in probability and mathematical statistics (1989), Wiley New York; Byrne, B.M., A primer of LISREL: Basic applications and programming for confimatory factor analytic models (1989), Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York; Byrne, B.M., Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS and SIMPLIS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (1998), Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, NJ; Classification of occupations (1975), Central Statistical Office of Finland Central Statistical Office of Finland Helsinki, Finland; Classification of socioeconomic groups (1989), Central Statistical Office of Finland Central Statistical Office of Finland Helsinki, Finland; Chandola, T., Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Jenkinson, C., Marmot, M., Health selection in the Whitehall II study, UK (2003) Soc. Sci. Med., 56, pp. 2059-2072. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00201-0; Dohrenwend, B.P., Levav, I., Shrout, P.E., Schwartz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B.G., Skodol, A.E., Stueve, A., Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue (1992) Science, 255, pp. 946-952. , 1546291; Eaton, W.W., Muntaner, C., Bovasso, G., Smith, C., Socioeconomic status and depressive syndrome: The role of inter- and intragenerational mobility, government assistance, and work environment (2001) J. Health Soc. Behav., 42, pp. 277-294. , 11668774; Eriksen, H.R., Svendsrod, R., Ursin, G., Ursin, H., Prevalence of subjective health complaints in the Nordic European countries in 1993 (1998) Eur. J. Public Health, 8, pp. 294-298. , 10.1093/eurpub/8.4.294; Eriksson, M., Lahelma, E., Rahkonen, O., Gender and social class differences in psychic symptoms among Finnish youth and young adults (1992) Sos. Laaketiet Aikak, 29, pp. 89-95. , (in Finnish with English summary); Gijsberg van Wijk, C.M.T., Kolk, A.M., Sex differences in physical symptoms: The contribution of symptom perception theory (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 45, pp. 231-246. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00340-1; Halldórsson, M., Kunst, A.E., Köhler, L., Mackenbach, J.P., Socioeconomic inequalities in the health of children and adolescents. A comparative study of the five Nordic countries (2000) Eur. J. Public Health, 10, pp. 281-288. , 10.1093/eurpub/10.4.281; Haugland, S., Wold, B., Subjective health complaints in adolescence-reliability and validity of survey methods (2001) J. Adolesc., 24, pp. 611-624. , 10.1006/jado.2000.0393; Haugland, S., Wold, B., Stevenson, J., Aaroe, L.E., Woynarowska, B., Subjective health complaints in adolescence. A cross-national comparison of prevalence and dimensionality (2001) Eur. J. Public Health, 11, pp. 4-10. , 10.1093/eurpub/11.1.4; Hayduk, L.A., (1987) Structural Equation Modeling With Lisrel. Essentials and Advances, , John Hopkins University Press Baltimore, MD; Hu, L.T., Bentler, P.M., Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria vs new alternatives (1999) Struct. Equ. Modeling, 6, pp. 1-55; Huurre, T., Aro, H., Rahkonen, O., Well-being and health behaviour by parental socioeconomic status. A follow-up study of adolescents aged 16 until 32 years of age (2003) Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol., 38, pp. 249-255. , 10.1007/s00127-003-0630-7; Ihlebaek, C., Eriksen, H.R., Ursin, H., Prevalence of subjective health complaints (SHC) in Norway (2002) Scand. J. Public Health, 30, pp. 20-29. , 11928829; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Dohrenwend, B.P., Link, B.G., Brook, J.S., A longitudinal investigation of social causation and social selection processes involved in the association between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders (1999) J. Abnorm. Psychol., 108, pp. 490-499. , 10.1037//0021-843X.108.3.490; Jöreskog, K.G., Sörbom, D., (1978) LISREL IV's User's Guide, , National Educational Resources Chicago; Jöreskog, K.G., Sörbom, D., (1996) LISREL 8. User's Reference Guide, , Scientific Software International Chicago; Jöreskog, K.G., Sörbom, D., PRELIS 2. User's reference guide: A program for multivariate data screening and data summarization. A preprocessor for LISREL (1996), Scientific Software International Chicago; Jöreskog, K.G., Sörbom, D., (2003) LISREL 8.54, , Scientific Software International Lincolnwood, IL; Kelloway, E.K., (1998) Using LISREL for Structural Equation Modeling: A Researcher's Guide, , SAGE Thousand Oaks, CA; Koivusilta, L., Rimpelä, A., Rimpelä, M., Health status: Does it predict choice in further education? (1995) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 49, pp. 131-138. , 7798039; Ladwig, K.-H., Marten-Mittag, B., Formanek, B., Dammann, G., Gender differences of symptom reporting and medical health care utilization in the German population (2000) Eur. J. Epidemiol., 16, pp. 511-518. , 10.1023/A:1007629920752; Lien, N., Friestad, C., Klepp, K-I., Adolescents 'proxy reports of parents' socioeconomic status: How valid are they? (2001) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 55, pp. 731-737. , 10.1136/jech.55.10.731; Loehlin, J., Latent variable models. An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis (1998), 3rd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, NJ; Macintyre, S., The Black Report and beyond: What are the issues? (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44, pp. 723-745. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00183-9; Macintyre, S., Hunt, K., Sweeting, H., Gender differences in health: Are things really as simple as they seem? (1996) Soc. Sci. Med., 42, pp. 617-624. , 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00335-5; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Health selection: The role of inter- and intra-generational mobility on social inequalities in health (2003) Soc. Sci. Med., 57, pp. 2217-2227. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00097-2; Marmot, M., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M., Marks, N.F., Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44, pp. 901-910. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00194-3; Maruyama, G.M., Basics of structural equation modeling (1998), SAGE Thousand Oaks, CA; Miech, R.A., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Wright, B.R.E., Silva, B.A., Low socioeconomic status and mental disorders: A longitudinal study of social selection and causation during young adulthood (1999) Am. J. Sociol., 104, pp. 1096-1131. , 10.1086/210137; Mirowsky, J., Ross, C.E., Sex differences in distress: Real of artifact? (1995) Am. Sociol. Rev., 60, pp. 449-468; Muthén, L.K., Muthén, B.O., (1998) Mplus User's Guide. Statistical Analysis With Latent Variables, , http://www.StatModel.com, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA; Muthén, L.K., Muthén, B.O., (2002) Mplus Version 2.12. Addendum to the Mplus User's Guide, , http://www.StatModel.com, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA; Muthén, L.K., Muthén, B.O., (2003) Mplus Version 2.13. Addendum to the Mplus User's Guide, , http://www.StatModel.com, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA; Paronen, O., Pasanen, M., Rantanen, P., Aro, S., Test-retest study of psychosomatic symptoms among 14- to 15-year-old schoolchildren (1982) Sos Laaketiet Aikak, 19, pp. 234-239. , (in Finnish with English summary); Piccinelli, M., Simon, G., Gender and cross-cultural differences in somatic symptoms associated with emotional distress (1997) Psychol. Med., 27, pp. 433-444. , 10.1017/S0033291796004539; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589. , 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07474-6; Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Hope, S., Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socioeconomic differentials in psychological distress: Evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) Soc. Sci. Med., 55, pp. 1989-2004. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00325-2; Prescott, C.A., Using the Mplus computer program to estimate models for continuous and categorical data from twins (2004) Behav. Genet., 34, pp. 17-20. , 10.1023/B:BEGE.0000009474.97649.2f; Rahkonen, O., Arber, S., Lahelma, E., Health inequalities in early adulthood: A comparison of young men and women in Britain and Finland (1995) Soc. Sci. Med., 41, pp. 163-171. , 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00320-S; Rahmqvist, M., Carstensen, J., Trend of psychological distress in a Swedish population from 1989 to 1995 (1998) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 26, pp. 214-222. , 9768452; Rimpelä, M., Rimpelä, A., Pasanen, M., Perceived symptoms among 12- to 18-year-old Finns (1982) Sos Laaketiet Aikak, 19, pp. 219-233. , (in Finnish with English summary); Sweeting, H., West, P., Sex differences in health at ages 11, 13 and 15 (2003) Soc. Sci. Med., 56, pp. 31-39. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00010-2; West, P., Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 373-384. , 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90338-D; West, P., Health inequalities in the early years: Is there equalisation in youth? (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44, pp. 833-858. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00188-8; West, P., Sweeting, H., Speed, E., We really do know what you do: A comparison of reports from 11-year-olds and their parents in respect of parental economic activity and occupation (2001) Sociology, 35, pp. 539-559. , 10.1017/S0038038501000268; Wool, C.A., Barsky, A.J., Do women somatize more than men? (1994) Psychosomatics, 35, pp. 445-452. , 7972659; Yu, C.-Y., Muthén, B., Evaluation of model fit indices for latent variable models with categorical and continuous outcomes (2001), http://www.StatModel.com, Technical report. Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CAUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24044471823&doi=10.1007%2fs00127-005-0930-1&partnerID=40&md5=caf69dec547abfaed00c5e47398d39b1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applying Ragin's Crisp and fuzzy set QCA to large datasets: Social class and educational achievement in the National Child Development Study T2 - Sociological Research Online J2 - Sociol. Res. Online VL - 10 IS - 2 PY - 2005 SN - 13607804 (ISSN) AU - Cooper, B. AD - University of Durham, United Kingdom AB - The paper explores the use of Charles Ragin's Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) in both its crisp and fuzzy set versions in the study of the relations between social class origin, sex, 'ability' and subsequent educational achievement. The work reported is part of a larger ongoing project which is employing QCA to compare these relations within two birth cohorts. Here data are used from the British National Child Development Study, i.e. from children born in 1958. The paper has a methodological focus, bringing out the strengths but also the difficulties that arise when employing QCA with a large dataset of this type. In particular, the problem of calibrating membership in fuzzy sets in a context where detailed case knowledge is not available is illustrated. It is also shown how the use of gradually increasing thresholds with Ragin's fs/QCA software can bring out the relative importance of various factors in accounting for achievement. The QCA-based analysis suggests that the processes of educational attainment can, at best, only be seen as partly falling under a 'meritocratic' description. It is also hoped that this paper will serve as a useful introduction to the potential of QCA for readers not yet familiar with it. KW - Educational Attainment KW - Fuzzy Sets KW - Gender KW - Meritocracy KW - QCA KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cooper, B.; University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom N1 - References: Abbott, A., What do cases do? Some notes on activity in sociological analysis (1992) What Is a Case?, , Ragin, C.C. & Becker, H.S. (Editors) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., Tyree, A., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: Wiley; Bond, R., Saunders, P., Routes of success: Influences on the occupational attainment of young British males (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (2), pp. 217-249; Boudon, R., (1974) The Logic of Sociological Explanation, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (1), pp. 1-27; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class, mobility and merit: The experience of two British birth cohorts (2001) European Sociological Review, 17 (2), pp. 81-101; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Merit, mobility and method: Another reply to Saunders (2002) British Journal of Sociology, 53 (4), pp. 575-582; Cooper, B., Using crisp and fuzzy set QCA to explore the "meritocracy in Britain" debate: Some initial analyses (2004) The Tensions in Social Statistics Conference, , paper given at, Durham, Sept. 2004 (available from author); Cronqvist, L., Presentation of TOSMANA: Adding multi-value variables and visual aids to QCA (2003) COMPASSS Launching Conference, , http://www.compasss.org/Cronqvist.PDF, Paper prepared for presentation at the 16-17 Sept. 2003 newer version at http://www.compasss.org/Cronqvist2004.PDF; Cronqvist, L., Using multi-value logic synthesis in social science (2003) Second General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR), , Paper prepared for the, Marburg, Sept. 2003; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , London: Panther; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1993) The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Freedman, D.A., As others see us: A case study in path analysis (1987) Journal of Educational Statistics, 12 (2), pp. 101-128; Freedman, D.A., From association to causation via regression (1997) Causality in Crisis? Statistical Methods and the Search for Causal Knowledge in the Social Sciences, , McKim, V.R. & Turner, S.P. (Editors) Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press; Goertz, G., (2003) Assessing the Importance of Necessary or Sufficient Conditions in Fuzzy-set Social Science, , http://www.compasss.org/goertz2003.pdf; Goldthorpe, J.H., A response (1990) John H. Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , Clark, C., Modgil, C. & Modgil, S. (Editors), London: The Palmer Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., (2000) On Sociology: Numbers, Narratives and the Integration of Research and Theory, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., Outline of a theory of social mobility (2000) On Sociology, , Oxford; Oxford University Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., Social class and the differentiation of employment contracts (2000) On Sociology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., Llewellyn, C., Payne, C., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Heath, A., McDonald, S.-K., Social change and the nature of the left (1987) Political Quarterly, 53, pp. 364-377; Hedström, P., Swedberg, R., (1998) Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Kelley, J., The failure of a paradigm: Log-linear models of social mobility (1990) John H. Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , Clark, C., Modgil, C. & Modgil, S. (Editors), London: The Falmer Press; Lampard, R., Might Britain be a meritocracy? A comment on Saunders (1996) Sociology, 30 (2), pp. 387-393; Lieberson, S., Small N's and big conclusions: An examination of the reasoning in comparative studies based on a small number of cases (1991) Social Forces, 70 (2), pp. 307-320; Lieberson, S., (1985) Making It Count: The Improvement of Social Research and Theory, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Lockwood, D., (1958) The Blackcoated Worker, , London: Allen & Unwin; Mahoney, J., Beyond correlational analysis: Recent innovations in theory and method (2001) Sociological Forum, 16 (3), pp. 575-593; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Social class and social justice (1993) British Journal of Sociology, 44 (2), pp. 187-211; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Merit and mobility: A reply to Peter Saunders (1996) Sociology, 30 (2), pp. 375-386; Quine, W.V., The problem of simplifying truth functions (1952) American Mathematical Monthly, 59 (8), pp. 521-531; Ragin, C.C., (1987) The Comparative Method, , Berkeley & Los Angeles: California University Press; Ragin, C.C., (2000) Fuzzy Set Social Science, , Chicago: Chicago University Press; Ragin, C.C., (2003) Recent Advances in Fuzzy-set Methods and Their Application to Policy Questions, , http://www.compasss.org/Ragin2003.PDF; Ragin, C.C., (2004) From Fuzzy Sets to Crisp Truth Tables, , http://www.compasss.org/RaginDec_2004.pdf; Ragin, C.C., Bradshaw, Y.W., Statistical analysis of employment discrimination: A review and critique (1991) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 10, pp. 199-228; Ragin, C.C., Giesel, H.M., (2002) USER'S GUIDE: Fuzzy-set/Qualitative Comparative Analysis, , http://www.u.arizona.edu/~cragin/software.htm; Ragin, C.C., Zaret, D., Theory and method in comparative research: Two strategies (1983) Social Forces, 61 (3), pp. 731-754; Saunders, P., Might Britain be a meritocracy? (1995) Sociology, 29 (1), pp. 23-41; Saunders, P., (1996) Unequal but Fair? A Study of Class Barriers in Britain, , London: Institute of Economic Affairs; Saunders, P., Social mobility in Britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing explanations (1997) Sociology, 31 (2), pp. 261-288; Saunders, P., Reflections on the meritocracy debate in Britain: A response to Richard Breen and John Goldthorpe (2002) British Journal of Sociology, 53 (4), pp. 559-574; Savage, M., Egerton, M., Social mobility, individual ability and the inheritance of class inequality (1997) Sociology, 31 (4), pp. 645-672; Swift, A., Would perfect mobility be perfect? (2004) European Sociological Review, 20 (1), pp. 1-11; Verkuilen, J., Measuring fuzzy set membership functions: A dual scaling approach (2001) Annual Meeting of the APSA, , Prepared for Presentation at the, San Francisco, CA, August 30-September 2, 2001; Williams, M., Dyer, W., Realism and probability (2004) Making Realism Work: Realist Social Theory and Empirical Research, , Carter, B. & New, C. (Editors) London & New York: Routledge; Young, M., (1958) The Rise of the Meritocracy, , Harmondsworth: Penguin UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27444447631&partnerID=40&md5=803ce5bd63c57bab58551a2beb2b19cb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity: A national birth cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 330 IS - 7504 SP - 1354 EP - 1357 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/bmj.38453.422049.E0 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To assess adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity by using nationally representative data. Design: 1970 British birth cohort Participants: 16 567 babies born in Great Britain 5-11 April 1970 and followed up at 5, 10, and 29-30 years. Main outcome measures: Obesity at age 10 and 30 years. Self reported socioeconomic, educational, psychological, and social outcomes at 30 years. Odds ratios were calculated for die risk of each adult outcome associated with obesity in childhood only, obesity in adulthood only, and persistent child and adult obesity, compared with those obese at neither period. Results: Of the 8490 participants with data on body mass index at 10 and 30 years, 4.3% were obese at 10 years and 16.3% at 30 years. Obesity in childhood only was not associated with adult social class, income, years of schooling, educational attainment, relationships, or psychological morbidity in either sex after adjustment for confounding factors. Persistent obesity was not associated with any adverse adult outcomes in men, though it was associated among women with a higher risk of never having been gainfully employed (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.3) and not having a current partner (2.0, 1.3 to 3.3). Conclusions: Obesity limited to childhood has little impact on adult outcomes. Persistent obesity in women is associated with poorer employment and relationship outcomes. Efforts to reduce the socioeconomic and psychosocial burden of obesity in adult life should focus on prevention of the persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood. KW - academic achievement KW - article KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - employment KW - follow up KW - human KW - income KW - longitudinal study KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - self report KW - sex ratio KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - adult KW - child KW - educational status KW - female KW - male KW - prognosis KW - risk KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prognosis KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :126 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 15901644 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Reilly, J.J., Methven, E., McDowell, Z.C., Hacking, B., Alexander, D., Stewart, L., Health consequences of obesity (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 748-752; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood. Analysis of a British birth cohort (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 681-687; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2002) The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. UK Data Archive, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. (CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper I); Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; Crawley, H.F., Portides, G., Self-reported versus measured height, weight and body mass index amongst 16-17 year old British teenagers (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 579-584; Maxwell, S.E., Delaney, H.D., Bivariate median splits and spurious statistical significance (1993) Psychol Bull, 113, pp. 181-190; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Ek, E., Sovio, U., Jarvelin, M.R., Unemployment and obesity among young adults in a northern Finland 1966 birth cohort (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1329-1338; Mustillo, S., Worthman, G., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Obesity and psychiatric disorder: Developmental trajectories (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 851-859; Goodman, E., Whitaker, R.C., A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 497-504; Onyike, C.U., Crum, R.M., Lee, H.B., Lyketsos, C.G., Eaton, W.W., Is obesity associated with major depression? Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey (2003) Am J Epidemiol, 158, pp. 1139-1147; Ferraro, K.F., Thorpe Jr., R.J., Wilkinson, J.A., The life course of severe obesity: Does childhood overweight matter? (2003) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 58, pp. S110-S119; Wright, C.M., Parker, L., Lamont, D., Craft, A.W., Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: Findings from thousand families cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1280-1284 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20544471338&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38453.422049.E0&partnerID=40&md5=1468e4b8b0c21cfb5d26de5e6d0ecc4c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Career progression: Getting-on, getting-by and going nowhere T2 - Education Economics J2 - Educ. Econ. VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 237 EP - 255 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/09645290500031447 SN - 09645292 (ISSN) AU - Dolton, P. AU - Makepeace, G. AU - Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O.D. AD - Department of Economics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, London, United Kingdom AD - University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom AB - This research examines the 'career progression' of individuals by studying how an individual's ranking within their cohort changes over their lifetime. We compare the relative position of individuals using educational test scores at ages 11 and 16 and earnings at ages 33 and 42. Our goal is to establish the contribution of early ability, educational achievement and labour market experience to the relative movements of individuals within their cohort. We use the National Child Development Study to assess this intra-cohort career progress employing descriptive and fixed effect regression methods to describe the process. We report how career progression differs for men and women. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. KW - Ability KW - Career progression KW - Cohort effects KW - Earnings KW - educational attainment KW - employment KW - labor market KW - wage determination N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dolton, P.; Department of Economics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; email: Peter.Dolton@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Becker, G., (1964) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis With Special Reference to Education, , (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, Columbia University Press); Blau, P., Duncan, O., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , (New York: Wiley); Connolly, R., The occupational success of young men who left school at sixteen (1992) Oxford Economic Papers, 44, pp. 460-479; Ferri, E., (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives: Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, , (London: Institute of Education); Harper, B., Haq, M., Occupational attainment of men in Britain (1997) Oxford Economic Papers, 49, pp. 638-650; Kerckhoff, A., (1993) Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections, , (New York: Cambridge University Press); Mincer, J., Investment in human capital and personal income distribution (1958) Journal of Political Economy, 66, pp. 281-302; Mincer, J., The production of human capital and the life cycle of earnings: Variations on a theme (1997) Journal of Labour Economics, 15 (1), pp. S26-S47; Neal, D., The link between ability and specialization: An explanation for observed correlations between wages and mobility rates (1998) The Journal of Human Resources, 33 (1), pp. 173-200; Neal, D., The complexity of job mobility among young men (1999) Journal of Labour Economics, 17 (2), pp. 237-261; Neal, D., Rosen, S., Theories of the distribution of labor earnings (2000) The Theory of Earnings Distributions: Handbook of Income Distribution, 1, pp. 379-427. , A. Atkinson and F. Bourgignon (Eds) (North Holland); Nickell, S., Quintini, G., The consequences of the decline in public sector pay in Britain: A little bit of evidence (2002) Economic Journal, 112 (477), pp. 107-118; Rosen, S., A theory of life earnings (1976) Journal of Political Economy, 84 (4), pp. S45-S67; Thurow, L., (1969) Poverty and Discrimination, , (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution); Thurow, L., (1975) Generating Inequality, , (London: Macmillan); Topel, R., Ward, M., Job mobility and the careers of young men (1992) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (2), pp. 439-479 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17944375827&doi=10.1080%2f09645290500031447&partnerID=40&md5=e1c4fb3df7c975b3b26af451d28f2323 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth in early life and childhood IQ at age 11 years: The Newcastle Thousand Families study T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 673 EP - 677 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyi038 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Pearce, M.S. AU - Deary, I.J. AU - Young, A.H. AU - Parker, L. AD - Paediatric and Lifecourse Epidemiology Research Group, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LPP, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom AB - Background: It has been suggested that in addition to genetic factors, fetal and post-natal growth influence childhood cognition, although it is unclear whether such an effect continues throughout childhood. This study aimed at investigating the potential relationships between childhood IQ at age 11 years and birth weight and height at the ages of 9 and 13 years, after adjusting for the confounding factors available to this investigation. Methods: The Newcastle Thousand Families study, a prospectively followed cohort, originally consisted of all 1142 births in the city of Newcastle in May and June 1947. Using data on 733 members of this cohort, we investigated the associations between IQ at age 11, and birth weight and height at ages 9 and 13 years. Results: Birth weight showed no association with childhood IQ. However, height at age 9 years was a significant predictor of childhood IQ after adjusting for socioeconomic status (standardized regression coefficient b = 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-3.6, P < 0.0001). Height at age 13 was also a significant predictor of IQ after adjusting for socioeconomic status (b = 3.4, 95% CI 2.3-4.4, P = 0.001), and explained an additional 2.5% of the variation in IQ scores to that already explained by socioeconomic status and height at age nine. Conclusions: These results suggest a continuing effect of post-natal growth on childhood cognition beyond the age of 9 years. Post-natal growth, which may be influenced by genetic factors and nutrition and socioeconomic circumstances in childhood, may be more important than fetal growth in terms of childhood cognition. © The Author 2005; all rights reserved. KW - Birth weight KW - Child KW - Cognition KW - Fetal origins hypothesis KW - Growth KW - Height KW - cognition KW - adolescent KW - age KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - child development KW - child nutrition KW - childhood KW - cognition KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - family study KW - female KW - fetus growth KW - heredity KW - human KW - human experiment KW - intelligence quotient KW - male KW - postnatal development KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - regression analysis KW - school child KW - scoring system KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Parity KW - Prospective Studies KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15746206 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pearce, M.S.; Sir James Spence Institute, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; email: M.S.Pearce@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., The developmental origins of adult disease (2003) Eur. J. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 733-736; Morgane, P.J., Austin-La France, R., Bronzino, J., Prenatal malnutrition and development of the brain (1993) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 17, pp. 91-128; Boomsma, D.I., van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Rietveld, M.J.H., Bartels, M., van Baal, G.C.M., Genetics mediate relation of birth weight to childhood IQ (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1426-1427; Drilllen, C.M., The incidence of mental and physical handicaps in school age children of very low birth weight. II (1967) Pediatrics, 39, pp. 238-247; Hutton, J.L., Pharaoh, P.O.D., Cooke, R.W.I., Stevenson, R.C., Differential effects of pre-term birth and small gestational age on cognitive and motor development (1997) Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. Ed., 76, pp. F75-F81; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychol. Bull., 130, pp. 989-1030; Rowe, D.C., IQ, birth weight and number of sexual partners in White, African American and mixed race adolescents (2002) Popul. Environ., 23, pp. 513-524; Gorman, B.K., Birth weight and cognitive development in adolescence: Causal relationship or social selection? (2002) Soc. Biol., 49, pp. 13-34; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol., 31, pp. 342-348; Mueller, W.H., The genetics of size and shape in children and adults (1986) Human Growth, , Faulkner F, Tanner JM (eds). NewYork: Plenum Press; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S.J., Kemp, M., Peters, T.J., Socioeconomic and dietary influences on leg length and trunk in childhood: A reanalysis of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in prewar Britain (1937-39) (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 96-113; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Hardy, R.J., Paul, A.A., Marshall, S.F., Cole, T.J., Leg and trunk length at 43 years in relation to childhood health, diet and family circumstances; evidence from the 1946 national birth cohort (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol., 31, pp. 383-390; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.J., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 326-330; Miller, F., Court, S.D.M., Walton, W., Knox, E.G., (1960) Growing Up in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , London: Oxford University Press; Tuvemo, T., Jonsson, B., Persson, I., Intellectual and physical performance and morbidity in relation to height in a cohort of 18-year-old Swedish conscripts (1999) Horm. Res., 52, pp. 186-191; Daniels, M.C., Adair, U.S., Growth in young Filipino children predicts schooling trajectories through high school (2004) J. Nutr., 134, pp. 1439-1446; Spence, J., Walton, W., Miller, F., Court, S.D.M., (1954) A Thousand Families in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , London: Oxford University Press; Miller, F., Court, S.D.M., Knox, E.G., Brandon, S., (1974) The School Years in Newcastle Upon Tyne 1952-62, , London: Oxford University Press; Freeman, J.V., Cole, T.J., Chinn, S., Jones, P.R.M., White, E.M., Preece, M.A., Cross sectional stature and weight references curve for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch. Dis. Child, 73, pp. 17-24; Lamont, D., Parker, L., White, M., Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: Lifecourse study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 273-278; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-310; Shenkin, S.D., Stan, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch. Dis. Child, 85, pp. 189-197; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; Somerfelt, K., Andersson, H.W., Sonnander, K., Cognitive development of term small for genestational age children at five years of age (2000) Arch. Dis. Child, 83, pp. 25-30; Gale, C.R., O'Callaghan, F.J., Godfrey, K.M., Law, C.M., Martyn, C.N., Critical periods of brain growth and cognitive function in children (2004) Brain, 127, pp. 321-329; Grantham-McGregor, S., Linear growth retardation and cognition (2002) Lancet, 359, p. 542; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Intellectual and psychological performance in males born small for gestational age with and without catch-up growth (2001) Pediatr. Res., 50, pp. 91-96; Downie, B., Mulligan, J., Stratford, R.J., Betts, P.R., Voss, L.D., Are short normal children at a disadvantage? The Wessex growth study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 97-100; Berger, A., Insulin-like growth factor and cognitive function (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 203; Oddy, W.H., Kendall, G.E., Blair, E., Breast feeding and cognitive development in childhood: A prospective birth cohort study (2003) Paediatr. Perinatal Epidemiol., 17, pp. 81-90; Li, L., Power, C., Influences on childhood height: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Int. J. Epidemiol., 33, pp. 1320-1328 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20744455672&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyi038&partnerID=40&md5=27f72e2ce6096cbcb92ac181c9bc53fb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intellectual disabilities and socioeconomic inequalities in health: An overview of research T2 - Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities J2 - J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 101 EP - 111 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00239.x SN - 13602322 (ISSN) AU - Graham, H. AD - Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy, Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YT, United Kingdom AB - Background There is an enduring association between socioeconomic position and health, both over time and across major causes of death. Children and adults with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately represented among the poorer and less healthy sections of the population. But research on health inequalities, and on the broader societal influences on health, has yet to be integrated into perspectives and policy for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods The paper reviews evidence on the patterns and causes of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Results It points to evidence that socioeconomic position is the fundamental determinant of health, drawing on longitudinal studies to highlight how it exerts its influence on health from before birth and across the lifecourse. The factors shaping an individual's socioeconomic position are also discussed. Conclusions The paper concludes by identifying research and policy challenges. © 2005 BILD Publications. KW - Health inequalities KW - Social determinants KW - Socio-economic N1 - Cited By :43 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Graham, H.; Department of Social Policy, Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YT, United Kingdom; email: h.m.graham@lancaster.ac.uk N1 - References: Annandale, E., Hunt, K., Gender inequalities in health: Research at the crossroads (2000) Gender Inequalities in Health, pp. 1-35. , (eds E. Annandale & K. Hunt) . Open University Press, Buckingham; Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Blane, D., The lifecourse, the social gradient and health (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 64-80. , (eds M. M. Marmot & R. G. Wilkinson) . Oxford University Press, Oxford; Bradbury, B., Jenkins, S.P., Micklewright, J., (2001) The Dynamics of Child Poverty in Industrialised Countries, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Brewer, M., Goodman, A., Myck, M., Shephard, A., Shaw, J., (2004) Poverty and Inequality in Great Britain: 2004, , IFS commentary no. 96. Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Bunker, J., (2001) Medicine Matters after All: Measuring the Benefits of Medical Care, a Healthy Lifestyle and a Just Social Environment, , Nuffield Trust, London; Charlton, J., Murphy, M., Trends in causes of mortality: 1841-1994 - And overview (1997) The Health of Adult Britain: 1841-1994, , (eds J. Charlton & M. Murphy). The Stationery Office, London; Chote, R., Emmerson, C., Simpson, H., (2003) The IFS Green Budget, , Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Cooper, H., Arber, S., Smaje, C., Social class or deprivation? Structural factors and children's limiting longstanding illness in the 1990s (1998) Sociology of Health and Illness, 20, pp. 289-311; Cox, B.D., Huppert, F.A., Whichelow, M.J., (1993) The Health and Lifestyle Survey: Seven Years on, , Dartmouth Publishing, Aldershot; Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Explanations for socioeconomic differentials in mortality (1994) European Journal of Public Health, 4, pp. 131-144; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position ad mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 547-552; Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lifecourse approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific adult mortality (2001) Poverty, Inequality and Health, pp. 88-124. , (eds D. Leon & G. Walt), Oxford University Press, Oxford; (2003) Households below Average Income 1994/5-2001/2, , The Stationery Office, London; Drever, F., Whitehead, M., (1997) Health Inequalities, , Office for National Statistics, London; Elliott, J., Hatton, C., Emerson, E., The health of people with learning disabilities in the UK: Evidence and implications for the NHS (2003) Journal of Integrated Care, 11, pp. 9-17; Emerson, E., The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities (2003) Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, pp. 51-58; Emerson, E., Poverty and children with intellectual disabilities in the world's richer countries (2004) Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29, pp. 319-337; Farr, W., Life and death in England (1885) Vital Statistics: Memorial Volume of Selections from the Reports and Writings of William Farr, , (ed. N. A. Humphreys). The Sanitory Institute of Great Britain, London; (2000) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, pp. 88-96; Flaherty, J., Veit-Wilson, J., Dornan, P., (2004) Poverty: The Facts, , Child Poverty Action Group, London; Glennerster, H., (2001) United Kingdom Education 1997-2001, , CASE paper 50. Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics, London; Graham, H., Building an interdisciplinary science of health inequalities: The example of lifecourse research (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 55, pp. 2007-2018; Graham, H., Social determinants and their unequal distribution: Clarifying policy understandings (2004) Millbank Quarterly, 82, pp. 1101-1124; Graham, H., Tackling health inequalities in England: Remedying health disadvantages, narrowing gaps or reducing health gradients (2004) Journal of Social Policy, 33, pp. 115-131; Graham, H., Blackburn, C., The socio-economic patterning of health and smoking behaviour among mothers with young children on income support (1998) Sociology of Health and Illness, 20, pp. 215-240; Graham, H., Power, C., (2004) Childhood Disadvantage and Adult Health: A Lifecourse Framework, , http://www.hda.nhs.uk/evidence, Health Development Agency, London; Harding, S., Rosato, M., Brown, J., Smith, J., Social patterning of health and mortality: Children, aged 6-15 years, followed up for 25 years in the ONS Longitudinal Study (1999) Health Statistics Quarterly, 3, pp. 30-34; Hertzman, C., Population health and child development: A view from Canada (2001) Income, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Exploring the Relationships, pp. 44-55. , (eds J. A. Auerbach & B. Krimgold) . National Policy Association, London; Hobcraft, J.N., Kiernan, K.E., Childhood poverty, early motherhood and adult social exclusion (2001) British Journal of Sociology, 52, pp. 495-517; House, J.S., Williams, D.R., Understanding and explaining socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in health (2000) Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioural Health, pp. 81-124. , (eds B. D. Smedley & S. L. Syme) . National Academy Press, Washington, DC; Idler, E.L., Angel, R.L., Self-rated health and mortality in the NHANES-1 epidemiologic follow-up study (1990) American Journal of Public Health, 80, pp. 446-452; (1998) Report of the Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (Acheson Report), , The Stationery Office, London; Jefferis, B., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birthweight, childhood socio-economic environment and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 305-308; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Graham, H., Manor, O., Changing social gradients in cigarette smoking and cessation over two decades of adult follow up in a British birth cohort (2004) Journal of Public Health Medicine, 26, pp. 13-18; Karlsen, S., Nazroo, J.Y., Relation between racial discrimination, social class and health among ethnic groups (2002) American Journal of Public Health, 92, pp. 624-631; King, A., (2000) The New Zealand Health Strategy, , Ministry of Health, Wellington; Krieger, N., A glossary for social epidemiology (2001) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, pp. 693-700; Krieger, N., Discrimination and health (2000) Social Epidemiology, pp. 36-75. , (eds L. F. Berkman & I. Kawachi), Oxford University Press, Oxford; Kubzansky, L.D., Krieger, N., Kawachi, I., Rockhill, B., Steel, G., Berkman, L.F., United States: Social inequality and the burden of poor health (2001) Challenging Inequities in Health: from Ethics to Action, pp. 105-121. , (eds T. Evans, M. Whitehead, F. Diderichsen, A. Bhuiya & M. Wirth) . Oxford University Press, Oxford; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 related to socio-economic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lynch, J., Hallqvist, J., Power, C., Life course epidemiology (2003) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, pp. 778-783; Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Socioeconomic pathways between childhood and adult health (2003) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of Ill Health from Early to Adult Life, 2nd Edn, pp. 371-395. , (eds D. L. Kuh & Y. Ben-Shlomo) . Oxford University Press, Oxford; Leonard, H., Wen, X., The epidemiology of mental retardation: Challenges and opportunities in the new millennium (2002) Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 8, pp. 117-134; Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., The neighbourhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes (2000) Psychological Bulletin, 126, pp. 309-337; Lupton, R., (2003) Poverty Street: the Dynamics of Neighbourhood Decline and Renewal, , The Policy Press, Bristol; Lupton, R., Power, A., Social exclusion and neighbourhoods (2002) Understanding Social Exclusion, pp. 118-140. , (eds J. Hills, J. Le Grand & D. Piachaud) . Oxford University Press, Oxford; Machin, S., Vignoles, A., Educational inequality: The widening socioeconomic gap (2004) Fiscal Studies, 25, pp. 107-128; Mackenbach, J.P., Bakker, M.J., Kunst, A.E., Diderichsen, F., Socioeconomic inequalities in Europe: An overview (2002) Reducing Health Inequalities: A European Perspective, pp. 3-24. , (eds J. P. Mackenbach & M. J. Bakker) . Routledge, London; Marmot, M.G., Early life and adult disorder: Research themes (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 3-9; Marmot, M., Siegrist, J., Theorell, T., Health and the psychosocial environment at work (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 64-80. , (eds M. M. Marmot & R. G. Wilkinson) . Oxford University Press, Oxford; Massey, D.S., The age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 395-412; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., Mild mental retardation: Psychosocial functioning in adulthood (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 351-366; (2001) Healthy People 2000 Final Review, , Public Health Service, Hyattsville, MD; Nazroo, J.Y., (1997) The Health of Britain's Ethnic Minorities: Findings from a National Survey, , Policy Studies Institute, London; Nazroo, J.Y., Genetic, cultural or socioeconomic vulnerability? Explainging ethnic inequalities in health (1998) Sociology of Health and Illness, 20, pp. 714-734; Nazroo, J.Y., The structuring of ethnic inequalities in health: Economic position, racial discrimination and racism (2003) American Journal of Public Health, 93, pp. 277-284; (2002) Living in Britain: Results from the 2000 General Household Survey, , The Stationery Office, London; (2001) Society at a Glance: OECD Social Indicators, , OECD, Paris; Pamuk, E.R., Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England and Wales (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 17-31; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Health and human development from life course research (2004) Population Health: Policy Dilemmas, , (eds M. Barer, R. Evans, C. Hertzman & J. Heyman). Oxford University Press, Oxford; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalites in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social moblity? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socio-economic environment on adult health (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 1059-1066; Pugh, H., Moser, K., Measuring women's mortality differentials (1990) Women's Health Counts, , (ed. H. Roberts). Routledge, London; Sefton, T., (2002) Recent Changes in the Distribution of the Social Wage, , CASE paper 62. Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London; Singh, G.K., Yu, S.M., US childhood mortality, 1950 through 1993: Trends and socioeconomic differentials (1996) American Journal of Public Health, 86, pp. 505-512; (2001) A New Commitment to Neighbourhood Renewal: a National Strategy Action Plan, , Report by the Social Exclusion Unit, Cabinet Office, London; (2000) Health on Equal Terms - National Goals for Public Health, , English version of SOU 2000:91. Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Stockholm; (2002) Closing the Gap: A National Blueprint to Improve the Health of Persons with Mental Retardation, , US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD; Van Doorslaer, E., Wagstaff, A., Rutten, F., (1993) Equity in the Finance and Delivery of Health Care: An International Perspective, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Walby, S., (1999) New Agendas for Women, , Macmillan, London; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessed health status ad mortality in middle aged British men (1991) International Journal of Epidemiology, 20, pp. 239-245; Whitehead, M., William Farr's legacy to the study of inequalities in health (2000) Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 78, pp. 86-96; Whitehead, M., Diderichsen, F., International evidence on health inequalities (1997) Health Inequalities, pp. 44-69. , (eds F. Drever & M. Whitehead) . Office for National Statistics, London; Williams, D.R., Race, socioeconomic status and health: The added effects of racism and discrimination (1999) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, pp. 173-188; Williams, D.R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J.S., Anderson, N.B., Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress and discrimination (1997) American Journal of Health Psychology, 2, pp. 335-351; (1998) World Health Declaration, Health-for-all Policy for the Twenty-first Century, , WHA51.7. Fifty First World Health Assembly (Alma-Ata declaration), WHO, Geneva; (1948) Consitution of the World Health Organization, , WHO, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20444379319&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-3148.2005.00239.x&partnerID=40&md5=abfd55116a9f8fddbf2dc6328fe9bb2a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social dynamics of health inequalities: A growth curve analysis of aging and self assessed health in the British household panel survey 1991-2001 T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 6 SP - 495 EP - 501 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2004.026278 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Sacker, A. AU - Clarke, P. AU - Wiggins, R.D. AU - Bartley, M. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Sociology, City University London, London, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To study how social inequalities change as people age, this paper presents a growth curve model of self assessed health, which accommodates changes in occupational class and individual health with age. Design: Nationally representative interview based longitudinal survey of adults in Great Britain. Setting: Representative members of private households of Great Britain in 1991. Participants: Survey respondents (n = 6705), aged 21-59 years in 1991 and followed up annually until 2001. Main outcome measure: Self assessed health. Results: On average, self assessed health declines slowly from early adulthood to retirement age. No significant class differences in health were observed at age 21. Health inequalities emerged later in life with the gap between mean levels of self assessed health of those in managerial and professional occupations and routine occupations widening approaching retirement. Individual variability in health trajectories increased between ages 40 and 59 years so that this widening of mean differences between occupational classes was not significant. When the analysis is confined to people whose occupational class remained constant over time, a far greater difference in health trajectories between occupational classes was seen. Conclusions: The understanding of social inequalities in health at the population level is enriched by an analysis of individual variation in age related declines by social position. KW - aging KW - household survey KW - medical geography KW - occupation KW - self assessment KW - adult KW - aging KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - growth curve KW - health care distribution KW - health care utilization KW - health survey KW - household KW - human KW - human experiment KW - interview KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - manager KW - normal human KW - occupation KW - retirement KW - review KW - self evaluation KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Aging KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Health Status KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Self Assessment (Psychology) KW - Social Class KW - Social Mobility KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :47 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 15911646 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sacker, A.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: a.sacker@ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Firth, D., Social position, social roles and women's health in England: Changing relationships 1984-1993 (1999) Soc Sci Med, 48, pp. 99-115; Ferrie, J.E., Shipley, M.J., Davey Smith, G., Change in health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 922-926; Anitua, C., Esnaola, S., Changes in social inequalities in health in the Basque Country (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 437-443; Dahl, E., Elstad, J.I., Recent changes in social structure and health inequalities in Norway (2001) Scand J Public Health, 29 (SUPPL. 55), pp. 7-17; Dalstra, J.A.A., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J.M., Trends in socioeconomic health inequalities in the Netherlands, 1981-1999 (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 927-934; Higgs, G., Senior, M.L., Williams, H., Spatial and temporal variation of mortality and deprivation 1: Widening health inequalities (1998) Environ Plan A, 30, pp. 1661-1682; Krokstad, S., Kunst, A.E., Westin, S., Trends in health inequalities by educational level in a Norwegian total population study (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 375-380; Lahelma, E., Arber, S., Rahkonen, O., Widening or narrowing inequalities in health? Comparing Britain and Finland from the 1980s to the 1990s (2000) Sociol Health III, 22, pp. 110-136; Lahelma, E., Kivela, K., Roos, E., Analysing changes of health inequalities in the Nordic welfare states (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 609-625; Lahelma, E., Rahkonen, O., Huuhka, M., Changes in the social patterning of health? The case of Finland 1986-1994 (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 789-799; Manderbacka, K., Lahelma, E., Rahkonen, O., Structural changes and social inequalities in health in Finland, 1986-1994 (2001) Scand J Public Health, 29, pp. 41-54; West, P., Health inequalities in the early years: Is there equalisation in youth? (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 833-858; Diaz, M.D.M., Socio-economic health inequalities in Brazil: Gender and age effects (2002) Health Econ, 11, pp. 141-154; Silventoinen, K., Lahelma, E., Health inequalities by education and age in four Nordic countries, 1986 and 1994 (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 253-258; Ford, G., Ecob, R., Hunt, K., Patterns of class inequality in health through the lifespan: Class gradients at 15, 35 and 55 years in the West of Scotland (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 1037-1050; Robert, S., House, J.S., SES differentials in health by age and alternative indicators of SES (1996) J Aging Health, 8, pp. 359-388; House, J.S., Lepkowski, J.M., Kinney, A.M., The social-stratification of aging and health (1994) J Health Soc Behav, 35, pp. 213-234; Deaton, A.S., Paxson, C.H., Aging and inequality in income and health (1998) Am Econ Rev, 88, pp. 248-253; Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Social Health Illn, 15, pp. 1-15; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Verbrugge, L.M., From sneezes to adieux: Stages of health for American men and women (1986) Soc Sci Med, 22, pp. 1195-1212; Arber, S., Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E., Health inequalities in early adulthood: A comparison of young men and women in Britain and Finland (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41, pp. 163-171; Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E., Gender, social class and illness among young people (1992) Soc Sci Med, 34, pp. 649-656; Pensola, T.H., Valkonen, T., Mortality differences by parental social class from childhood to adulthood (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 525-529; Jacobs Jr., D.R., Hannan, P.J., Wallace, D., Interpreting age, period and cohort effects in plasma lipids and serum insulin using repeated measures regression analxsis: The CARDIA study (1999) Stat Med, 18, pp. 655-679; Bartley, M., Plewis, I., Does health-selective mobility account for socio-economic differences in health? Evidence from England and Wales, 1971 to 1991 (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 376-386; Hemmingsson, T., Lundberg, I., Diderichsen, F., The roles of social class of origin, achieved social class and intergenerational social mobility in explaining social class inequalities in alcoholism among young men (1999) Soc Sci Med, 49, pp. 1051-1059; Power, C., Manor, O., Li, L., Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height selection in a cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 131-134; Langenberg, C., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Central and total obesity in middle aged men and women in relation to lifetime socioeconomic status: Evidence from a national birth cohort (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 816-822; Blane, D., Harding, S., Rosato, M., Does social mobility affect the size of the socioeconomic mortality differential? Evidence from the Office for National Statistics longitudinal study (1999) J R Stat Soc Ser A, 162, pp. 51-70; Pensola, T.H., Martikainen, P., Cumulative social class and mortality from various causes of adult men (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 745-751; Heller, R.F., McElduff, P., Edwards, R., Impact or upward social mobility on population mortality: Analysis with routine data (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 134A-136A; Graham, H., Building an inter-disciplinary science of health inequalities: The example of lifecourse research (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 2005-2016; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; McArdle, J.J., Ferrer, C.E., Hamagami, F., Comparative longitudinal structural analyses of the growth and decline of multiple intellectual abilities over the life span (2002) Dev Psychol, 38, pp. 115-142; Livshits, G., Peter, I., Vainder, M., Genetic analysis of growth curve parameters of body weight, height and head circumference (2000) Ann Hum Biol, 27, pp. 299-312; Duncan, S., Duncan, T., Strycker, L., Risk and protective factors influencing adolescent problem behaviour: A multivariate latent growth curve analysis (2000) Ann Behav Med, 22, pp. 103-109; Duncan, S.C., Duncan, T.E., A multivariate latent growth curve analysis of adolescent substance use (1996) Structural Equation Modeling, 3, pp. 323-347; McDonough, P., Berglund, P., Histories of poverty and self-rated health trajectories (2003) J Health Soc Behav, 44, pp. 200-216; Taylor, M.F., Brice, J., Buck, N., (2004) British Household Panel Survey User Manual Volume A: Introduction, Technical Report and Appendices, A. , Colchester: University of Essex; Rose, D., Pevalin, D.J., (2003) A Researcher's Guide to the National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification, , London: Sage; Rose, D., O'Reilly, K., (1997) Constructing Classes. Towards a New Social Classification for the UK, , Swindon: ESRC/ONS; Goldstein, H., Woodhouse, G., Modelling repeated measures (2001) Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics, pp. 13-26. , Leyland AH, Goldstein H, eds. Chichester: Wiley; Little, T., Schnabel, K., Baumert, J., (2000) Modeling Longitudinal and Multilevel Data, , Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Leyland, A.H., Goldstein, H., (2001) Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics, , Chichester: Wiley; Healy, M.J.R., Multilevel data and their analysis (2001) Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics, pp. 1-11. , Leyland AH, Goldstein H, eds. Chichester: Wiley; West, P., Inequalities? Social class differentials in health in British youth (1988) Soc Sci Med, 27, pp. 291-296; Ferrer, R.L., Palmer, R., Variations in health status within and between socioeconomic strata (2004) J Epidemiol Community Health, 58, pp. 381-387; Quinn, J.F., Retirement patterns and bridge jobs in the 1990s (1999) EBRI Issue Brief, FEB, pp. 1-22; Blanchflower, D.G., Oswald, A.J., What makes an entrepreneur? (1998) Journal of Labor Economics, 16, pp. 26-60; Bryson, A., White, M., (1996) From Unemployment to Self-Employment, , London: Central Books; Baron-Epel, O., Kaplan, G., General subjective health status or age-related subjective health status: Does it make a difference? (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 1373-1381; Manderbacka, K., Lahelma, E., Martikainen, P., Examining the continuity of self-rated health (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 208-213 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344365583&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.026278&partnerID=40&md5=02e136812430f6ed1c5b4298b56a6c53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal smoking and birth weight: Interaction with parity and mother's own in utero exposure to smoking T2 - Epidemiology J2 - Epidemiology VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 288 EP - 293 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1097/01.ede.0000158198.59544.cf SN - 10443983 (ISSN) AU - Misra, D.P. AU - Astone, N. AU - Lynch, C.D. AD - Dept. of Hlth. Behav./Hlth. Educ., Univ. of Michigan Sch. of Pub. Hlth., Ann Arbor, MI, United States AD - Dept. of Pop. and Fam. Hlth. Sci., Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States AD - Division of Epidemiology, Natl. Inst. Child Hlth. Hum./Devmt., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AD - Dept. of Hlth. Behav./Hlth. Educ., Univ. of Michigan Sch. of Pub. Hlth., 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States AB - Background: Few studies have reported interactions between maternal smoking and other maternal characteristics and exposures. We examined maternal smoking in a cohort study for which data from 3 generations were available to examine maternal characteristics and exposures from a life-course perspective. Methods: We had data from 3 generations: women enrolled in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) between 1959 and 1965 at the Baltimore site (G1); daughters (G2) of those G1 mothers who were followed to ages 27-33 years in the Pathways to Adulthood study; and children (G3) born to the G2 women who provided pregnancy and birth information during the Pathways study. These data allowed examination of exposures that occurred to the mother during her childhood and in utero. Results: We found evidence of a 3-way interaction effect on birth weight for maternal smoking in pregnancy, maternal exposure to smoking in utero (grandmaternal smoking), and maternal parity. Maternal smoking reduced birth weight in 3 of the subgroups, with the size of the effect on birth weight moderated by parity and the mother's own in utero exposure to smoking. Conclusions: A mother's prenatal exposure to smoke may affect the birth weight of her offspring. This effect would be consistent with both the accumulation-of-risk and the fetal-programming hypotheses. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - article KW - birth weight KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn KW - parity KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - risk assessment KW - smoking KW - United States KW - Adult KW - Baltimore KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Effect KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Multicenter Studies KW - Parity KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPIDE C2 - 15824542 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Misra, D.P.; Dept. of Hlth. Behav./Hlth. Educ., Univ. of Michigan Sch. of Pub. Hlth., 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; email: dmisra@umich.edu N1 - References: Abel, E.A., Smoking during pregnancy, a review of effects on growth and development of offspring (1980) Hum Biol, 52, pp. 593-625; Brooke, O.G., Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Effects on birth weight of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial stress (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 795-801; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., The effects of smoking in pregnancy (1969) Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Alberman ED, Butler NR, eds. Edinburgh and London: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd; Cigarette smoking and the risk of low birth weight: A comparison in black and white women (1990) Epidemiology, 1, pp. 201-205; Hellerstedt, W.L., Himes, J.H., Story, M., The effects of cigarette smoking and gestational weight change on birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 591-596; Nordentoft, M., Lou, H.C., Hansen, D., Intrauterine growth retardation and premature delivery: The influence of maternal smoking and psychosocial factors (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 347-354; Peacock, J.L., Bland, J.M., Anderson, H.R., Cigarette smoking and birthweight: Type of cigarette smoked and a possible threshold effect (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 405-412; Shah, N., Bracken, M., A systematic review and meta analysis of prospective studies on the association between maternal cigarette smoking and preterm delivery (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 182, pp. 465-472; Cnattingius, S., Axelsson, O., Eklund, G., Smoking, maternal age, and fetal growth (1985) Obstet Gynecol, 66, pp. 449-452; Fox, S., Koepsell, T., Daling, J., Birth weight and smoking during pregnancy - Effect modification by maternal age (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 139, pp. 1008-1015; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peacock, J.L., The effects of smoking on fetal growth: Evidence for a threshold, the importance of brand of cigarette, and interaction with alcohol and caffeine consumption (1992) Effects of Smoking on the Fetus, Neonate, and Child, pp. 889-1107. , Poswillo D, Alberman E, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Gielen, A.C., Windsor, R., Faden, R.R., Evaluation of a smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women in an urban prenatal clinic (1997) Health Educ Res, 12, pp. 247-254; Haddow, J.E., Knight, G.J., Palomaki, G.E., Second-trimester serum cotinine levels in nonsmokers in relation to birth weight (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 159, pp. 481-484; Hebel, J.R., Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Dose-response of birth weight to various measures of maternal smoking during pregnancy (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 483-489; Walsh, R., Effects of maternal smoking on pregnancy adverse outcomes: Examination of the criteria of causation (1994) Hum Biol, 66, pp. 1059-1092; Cnattingius, S., Maternal age modifies the effect of maternal smoking on intrauterine growth retardation but not on late fetal death and placental abruption (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 319-323; Cnattingius, S., Does age potentiate the smoking-related risk of fetal growth retardation? (1989) Early Hum Dev, 20, pp. 203-211; Cnattingius, S., Forman, M., Berendes, H., Effect of age, parity, and smoking on pregnancy outcome: A population-based study (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 168, pp. 16-21; Niswander, K.R., Gordon, M., (1972) The Women and Their Pregnancies, , Washington, DC: USDHEW, PHS, NIH; Liang, K.Y., Zeger, S.L., Regression analysis for correlated data (1993) Annu Rev Public Health, 14, pp. 43-68; Karim, M.R., Zeger, S.L., GEE: A SAS macro for longitudinal data analysis. (Version 1) (1988) Technical Report #674, , Baltimore, MD: The Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University; Gofin, R., Neumark, I., Adler, B., Birthweight recall by mothers of Israeli children (2000) Public Health, 114, pp. 161-163; Walton, K., Murray, L., Gallagher, A., Parental recall of birthweight: A good proxy for recorded birthweight? (2000) Eur J Epidemiol, 16, pp. 793-796; Williams, R., Creasy, R., Cunningham, G., Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California (1982) Obstet Gynecol, 59, pp. 624-632; Klebanoff, M., Levine, R., Clemens, J., Serum cotinine concentration and self-reported smoking during pregnancy (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 148, pp. 259-262; Windham, G., Hopkins, B., Fenster, L., Prenatal active or passive tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of preterm delivery or low birth weight (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 427-433; Kuh, D., Ben-Schlomo, Y., Introduction: A life course approach to the aetiology of adult chronic disease (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 3-14. , Kuh D, Ben-Schlomo Y, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kuh, D., Davey-Smith, G., The life course and adult chronic disease: An historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 15-41. , Kuh D, Ben-Schlomo Y, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Barker, D., In utero programming of chronic disease (1998) Clin Sci, 95, pp. 115-128 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17844390710&doi=10.1097%2f01.ede.0000158198.59544.cf&partnerID=40&md5=607dc041adbb296cbf9dc1dd298ae2ec ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in lung cancer mortality among young adults in Japan T2 - Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology J2 - Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 177 EP - 180 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1093/jjco/hyi054 SN - 03682811 (ISSN) AU - Marugame, T. AU - Yoshimi, I. AU - Kamo, K.-I. AU - Imamura, Y. AU - Kaneko, S. AU - Mizuno, S. AU - Sobue, T. AD - Statistics and Cancer Control Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan AD - Division of Mathematics, School of Medicine, Liberal Arts and Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan AD - Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan AB - Background: Trends in lung cancer mortality among young adults, which are important for projecting future trends, have not been explored previously in Japan. Methods: Using data from the National Vital Statistics between 1958 and 2003, we compiled lung cancer mortality by sex and 5-year birth cohort among young adults aged 20-49. Results: Mortality among those aged 20-29 has consistently decreased regardless of sex. There were birth cohort effects in mortality from lung cancer, although these were less evident among women than among men. Both men and women born in the 1930s had lower mortality rates, while those born after 1940 had higher lung cancer mortality rates. Mortality rates appear to be declining for male birth cohorts born after 1950 and female birth cohorts after 1960, although these trends may not be stable due to the small number of deaths in these cohorts. Conclusion: Lung cancer mortality trends appear to be decreasing among young adults. This might be associated with the lower mortality of birth cohorts after 1950 formen and the 1960s birth cohorts for women. Careful monitoring is needed to confirm continuation of these declining trends. © 2005 Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research. KW - Japan KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - Young adults KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - cancer mortality KW - death KW - female KW - human KW - Japan KW - lung cancer KW - male KW - monitoring KW - sex difference KW - cohort analysis KW - forecasting KW - Japan KW - lung tumor KW - middle aged KW - mortality KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JJCOA C2 - 15845565 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Marugame, T.; Statistics and Cancer Control Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; email: tmarugam@gan2.res.ncc.go.jp N1 - References: Kaneko, S., Ishikawa, K.B., Yoshimi, I., Marugame, T., Hamashima, C., Kamo, K., Projection of lung cancer mortality in Japan (2003) Cancer Sci., 94, pp. 919-923; Marugame, T., Mizuno, S., Mortality trend of lung cancer in Japan: 1960-2000 (2003) Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 33, pp. 148-149; Strand, T.E., Malayeri, C., Eskonsipo, P.K., Grimsrud, T.K., Norstein, J., Grotmol, T., Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954-1998 (2004) Cancer Causes Control, 15, pp. 27-33; Jemal, A., Chu, K.C., Tarone, R.E., Recent trends in lung cancer mortality in the United States (2001) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 93, pp. 277-283; Yoshimi, I., Sobue, T., Mortality trend in Japan (1960-2000): With special reference to birth cohort: All sites (2004) Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 34, pp. 360-368; Marugame, T., Kamo, K., Sobue, T., Akiba, S., Mizuno, S., Tamakoshi, A., Trends in smoking by birth cohort in Japan (2004) Cancer Sci., 95 (SUPPL.), p. 542; Tsugane, S., Watanabe, S., Sugimura, H., Arimoto, H., Shimosato, Y., Suemasu, K., Smoking, occupation and family history in lung cancer patients under fifty years of age (1987) Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 17, pp. 309-317 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344364641&doi=10.1093%2fjjco%2fhyi054&partnerID=40&md5=f1725c39ba3a4f4bf127c3135e69a077 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking in a national birth cohort T2 - Addiction J2 - Addiction VL - 100 IS - 4 SP - 543 EP - 549 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01034.x SN - 09652140 (ISSN) AU - Jefferis, B.J.M.H. AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To assess (i) continuities in binge drinking across adulthood and (ii) the association between adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking. Design: Population-based prospective birth cohort. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births during one week in March 1958 (n = 8520 in analysis). Measurements: Alcohol consumption reported at 16, 23, 33 and 42 years. Binge drinkers were identified by dividing number of units of alcohol consumed in the last week by usual drinking frequency, with limits of ≥10 units/occasion for men and ≥7 for women. Findings: Four in five cohort members drank alcohol at least twice a month. Prevalences of binge drinking at 23, 33 and 42 years among men were 37%, 28% and 31% and among women 18%, 13% and 14%. Most binge drinkers in adulthood changed drinking status during this period. Nevertheless, binge drinking at age 23 increased the odds of binge drinking at 42 years: odds ratio (OR) 2.10 (95% CI 1.85, 2.39) for men; OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.29, 1.89) for women. Women who rarely or never drank aged 16 were less likely than light drinkers (0-2 units/week) to binge drink as adults, OR at 23 years 0.65 (95% CI 0.55, 0.77). Men who were heavier drinkers (≥7 units/week) at 16 years were more likely than light drinkers to binge drink throughout adulthood; at 42 years, OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33, 2.08). Conclusions: Binge drinking is common in British men and women throughout adulthood with continuities between the 20s and 40s. Adolescent drinking has a modest although important association with adult binge drinking. © 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction. KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol KW - Binge drinking KW - Prospective cohort KW - alcohol KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - drinking behavior KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - sex difference KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Alcoholic Intoxication KW - Cohort Studies KW - Ethanol KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Prospective Studies KW - Regression Analysis N1 - Cited By :88 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADICE C2 - 15784069 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jefferis, B.J.M.H.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: B.Jefferis@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alcohol, 64-17-5; Ethanol, 64-17-5 N1 - References: Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., Sempos, C.T., The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: An overview (2003) Addiction, 98, pp. 1209-1228; (2001) Statistics Handbook a Compilation of Drinks Industry Statistics. 28th Edn., , London: Publications Brewing Publications Limited; Leifman, H., Hemstrom, O., Ramstedt, M., The ECAS-survey on drinking patterns and alcohol related problems (2001) Alcohol in Post War Europe, pp. 105-126. , Norstrom, T., ed. Stockholm: National Institute of Public Health; (1995) Sensible Drinking, , Report of an Inter-Departmental Working Group. London: Department of Health; Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain: Results from the 2000/01 General Household Survey, , London: The Stationery Office; Pearson, H., Public health: The demon drink (2004) Nature, 428, pp. 598-600; Dyer, O., Goverment must take unpopular decisions to reduce alcohol consumption (2004) BMJ, 328, p. 542; (2004) Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England, , http://www.strategy.gov.uk/files/pdf/al04SU.pdf, London: The Cabinet Office; Kuntsche, E., Rehm, J., Gmel, G., Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe (2004) Social Science and Medicine, 59, pp. 113-127; Schulenberg, J.E., Maggs, J.L., A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood (2002) Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement, 14, pp. 54-70; Hill, K.G., White, H.R., Chung, I.J., Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., Early adult outcomes of adolescent binge drinking: Person- And variable-centered analyses of binge drinking trajectories (2000) Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, pp. 892-901; Casswell, S., Pledger, M., Pratap, S., Trajectories of drinking from 18 to 26 years: Identification and prediction (2002) Addiction, 97, pp. 1427-1437; Tucker, J.S., Orlando, M., Ellickson, P.L., Patterns and correlates of binge drinking trajectories from early adolescence to young adulthood (2003) Health Psychology, 22, pp. 79-87; Gladstone, J., Levy, M., Nulman, I., Koren, G., Characteristics of pregnant women who engage in binge alcohol consumption (1997) Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156, pp. 789-794; Bennett, P., Smith, C., Nugent, Z., Patterns of drinking in Wales (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26, pp. 367-374; Malyutina, S., Bobak, M., Kurilovitch, S., Ryizova, E., Nikitin, Y., Marmot, M., Alcohol consumption and binge drinking in Novosibirsk, Russia, 1985-95 (2001) Addiction, 96, pp. 987-995; Makela, P., Fonager, K., Hibell, B., Nordlund, S., Sabroe, S., Simpura, J., Episodic heavy drinking in four Nordic countries: A comparative survey (2001) Addiction, 96, pp. 1575-1588; Naimi, T.S., Brewer, R.D., Mokdad, A., Denny, C., Serdula, M.K., Marks, J.S., Binge drinking among US adults (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 70-75; Wilsnack, R.W., Vogeltanz, N.D., Wilsnack, S.C., Harris, T.R., Ahlstrom, S., Bondy, S., Ferri, E., Smith, K., Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: Cross-cultural patterns (2000) Addiction, 95, pp. 251-265; Fillmore, K.M., Women's drinking across the adult life course as compared to men's (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 801-811; Wennberg, P., Bohman, M., Andersson, T., Variations and stability in drinking patterns in a cohort of Swedish males (2000) Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 28, pp. 312-316; Collins, D., Deepchand, K., Fitzgerald, R., Perry, J., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Smith, K., (2001) National Child Development Study and 19 70 British Cohort Study 1999-2000 Surveys. Stability Change and Development in the British Population. Technical Report, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33; the Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Dight, S.E., (1976) Scottish Drinking Habits, , A Survey of Scottish Drinking Habits and Attitudes Towards Alcohol Carried Out in 1972 for the Scottish Home and Health Department. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Marmot, M., Ghodshe, A.H., Jarvis, S., Kemm, J.R., Ritson, E.B., Wallace, P., (1995) Alcohol and the Heart in Perspective Sensible Limits Reaffirmed, , Report of a Working Group to the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Royal College of General Practitioners. London: British Medical Association; Feunekes, G.I.V.V., Van Staveren, W.A., Kok, F.J., Alcohol intake assessment: The sober facts (1999) American Journal of Epidemiology, 150, pp. 105-112; Erens, B., Primatesta, P., Prior, G., (2001) Health Survey for England - Health of Minority Ethnic Groups '99, , London: The Stationery Office; (2004) Calling Time. The Nation's Drinking As a Major Health Issue, , London: Academy of Medical Sciences; Boreham, R., McManus, S., (2003) Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Young People in England in 2002, , London: The Stationery Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17244364586&doi=10.1111%2fj.1360-0443.2005.01034.x&partnerID=40&md5=f68ace1b9bc135b7e4b8fd7aa32abbf7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dual work and family roles and depressive symptoms in two birth cohorts of women T2 - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology J2 - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 300 EP - 307 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s00127-005-0898-x SN - 09337954 (ISSN) AU - Kasen, S. AU - Cohen, P. AU - Berenson, K. AU - Chen, H. AU - Dufur, R. AD - Dept. of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, United States AD - Epidemiology of Mental Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States AD - Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AB - Background: Rising depression rates in more recent cohorts of women have been attributed in part to their increased participation in dual family and work roles. Method: This study examined associations among depressive symptoms, age, and work and marital status in two cohorts of women, all mothers, born between 1931 and 1944 (preboomers) or between 1945 and 1958 (baby boomers), assessed at comparable ages. Results: Being married (vs. divorced) was related to less depression within and across cohorts, whereas working was related to more depression in preboomers only. Moreover, divorced working preboomers were significantly more depressed than women in most other role status groups within and across cohorts. Depression scores declined across age among working women in the combined cohorts; however, that association held only for baby boomers when cohorts were analyzed separately. Among divorced working women, that decline was significantly greater in baby boomers than pre-boomers. Conclusions: These cohort differences support a call for new social policies that address the mental health needs of women and their children. KW - Cohort effects KW - Depressive symptoms KW - Marital status KW - Women KW - Work status KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - divorce KW - family life KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - marriage KW - policy KW - work environment KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cohort Studies KW - Demography KW - Depression KW - Employment KW - Family KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPPEE C2 - 15834781 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kasen, S.; New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, United States; email: sk57@columbia.edu N1 - Funding details: HD-40685, NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development N1 - Funding text: ■ Acknowledgement This study was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant HD-40685). N1 - References: Aneshensel, C.S., Marital and employment role strain, social support, and depression among adult women (1986) Stress, Social Support, and Women, pp. 99-114. , Hobfoll SE (ed). New York, NY: Hemisphere; Kandel, D.B., Davies, M., Raveis, V.H., The stressfulness of daily social roles for women: Marital, occupational, and household roles (1985) J Health Soc Behav, 26, pp. 64-78; Bond, J.T., Galinsky, E., Swanberg, J.E., (1998) The 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce, , Families and work institute, New York; (1990) Statistical Abstract of the United States: 9.1990, , US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; Hochschild, J.S., Strecher, V., Metzner, H.L., Robbins, C.A., (1989) The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home, , Viking Press, New York; Kasen, S., Cohen, P., Chen, H., Castille, D., Depression in adult women: Age changes and cohort effects (2003) Am J Public Health, 93, pp. 2061-2066; Barnett, R.C., Marshall, N.L., Raudenbush, S.W., Brennan, R.T., Gender and the relationship between job experiences and psychological distress: A study of dual-earner couples (1993) J Pers Soc Psychol, 64, pp. 794-806; Kohn, M.L., Schooler, C., The reciprocal effects of the substantive complexity of work and intellectual flexibility: A longitudinal assessment (1978) Am J Sociol, 84, pp. 24-52; Kohn, M.L., Schooler, C., Job conditions and personality: A longitudinal assessment of their reciprocal effects (1982) Am J Sociol, 87, pp. 1257-1286; Schooler, C., Dates, G., Self esteem and work across the life course (2001) Extending Self-Esteem Theory and Research: Sociological and Psychological Currents, pp. 177-197. , Owens TJ, Stryker S (eds). Cambridge University Press, New York; MacDermid, S.M., Heilbrun, G., Haan, L.G., The generativity of employed mothers in multiple roles: 1979 and 1991 (1997) Multiple Paths of Midlife Development. Studies on Successful Midlife Development. The John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Series on Mental Health and Development, pp. 207-240. , Lachman ME, James JB (eds); Bakan, D., (1966) The Duality of Human Existence: An Essay on Psychology and Religion, , Rand McNally, Chicago; Parsons, T., Bales, R.F., (1955) Family Socialization and Interaction Processes, , Glencoe, IL: Free Press; Macoby, E.E., Jacklin, C.N., (1974) The Psychology of Sex Differences, , Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA; Feingold, A., Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis (1994) Psychol Bull, 116, pp. 429-456; Twenge, J.M., Changes in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1931-1993 (2001) J Pers Soc Psychol, 81, pp. 133-145; Buss, D.M., Psychological sex differences: Origins through sexual selection (1995) Am Psychol, 50, pp. 164-168; Buss, D.M., Kenrick, D.T., Evolutionary social psychology (1998) Handbook of Social Psychology (4th Edn.), 2, pp. 982-1026. , Gilbert DT, Fiske ST, Lindzey G (eds). McGraw-Hill, Boston; Barnett, R.C., Hyde, J.S., Women, men, work, and family. An expansionist theory (2001) Am Psychol, 56, pp. 781-796; Eagly, A.H., Wood, W., The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles (1999) Am Psychol, 54, pp. 408-423; Duxbury, L.E., Higgins, C.A., Gender differences in work-family conflict (1991) J Applied Psychol, 76, pp. 60-74; Barnett, R.C., Baruch, G.K., Women's involvement in multiple roles and psychological distress (1985) J Pers Soc Psychol, 49, pp. 135-145; Long, J., Porter, K.L., Multiple roles of midlife women: A case for new directions in theory, research, and policy (1984) Between Youth and Old Age: Women in the Middle Years, pp. 109-160. , Baruch G, Brooks-Gunn J (eds). Plenum, New York; Hammen, C., Social stress and women's risk for recurrent depression (2003) Arch Women's Mental Health, 6, pp. 9-13; Gove, W.R., Hughes, M., Style, C.B., Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well-being of the individual? (1984) J Health Soc Behav, 24, pp. 122-131; Helson, R., Picano, J., Is the traditional role bad for women? (1990) J Pers Soc Psychol, 59, pp. 311-320; Cohen, P., Cohen, J., (1996) Life Values and Adolescent Mental Health, , Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ; Derogatis, L.R., Lipman, R.S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E.H., Covi, L., The Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL): A self-report inventory (1974) Behav Sci, 19, pp. 1-15; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Smailes, E., Brook, J.S., Association of maladaptive parental behavior with psychiatric disorder among parents and their offspring (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 453-460; Crawford, T.N., Cohen, P., Midlarsky, E., Brook, J.S., Internalizing symptoms in adolescence: Gender differences in vulnerability to parental distress and discord (2001) J Res Adolesc, 11, pp. 95-118; Bielby, W.T., Bielby, D.D., Family ties: Balancing commitments to work and family in dual earner households (1989) Am Soc Rev, 54, pp. 776-789; Noor, N.M., Some demographic, personality, and role variables as correlates of women's well-being (1996) Sex Roles, 34, pp. 603-620; Phelan, J., Schwartz, J.E., Bromet, E.J., Dew, M.A., Parkinson, D.K., Schulberg, J.C., Dunn, L.O., Curtis, E.C., Work stress, family stress, and depression in professional and managerial employees (1991) Psychol Med, 21, pp. 999-1012; Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., Aiken, L.S., (2003) Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (3rd Edn.), , Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ; Aube, J., Fleury, J., Smetana, J., Changes in women's roles: Impact on and social policy implications for the mental health of women and children (2000) Dev Psychopathol, 12, pp. 633-656; Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Divorce and the American family (1990) Annual Rev Sociol, 16, pp. 379-403; Goldscheider, F., Goldscheider, C., Leaving and returning home in 20th century America (1994) Population Bulletin, 48, pp. 1-35; Brown, G.W., Moran, P.M., Single mothers, poverty, and depression (1997) Psychol Med, 27, pp. 21-33; Cairney, J., Thorpe, C., Rietschlin, J., Avison, W.R., 12-Month prevalence of depression among single and married mothers in the 1994 National Population Health Survey (1999) Can J Public Health, 90, pp. 320-324; Wang, J.L., The difference between single and married mothers in the 12-month prevalence of major depressive syndrome, associated factors and mental health service utilization (2004) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39, pp. 26-32; Bruce, M.L., Kim, K.M., Differences in the effects of divorce on major depression in men and women (1992) Am J Psychiatry, 149, pp. 914-917; Lopata, H.Z., Barnewolt, D., The middle years: Changes and variations in social role commitments (1984) Women in Midlife, pp. 83-108. , Baruch G, Brooks-Gunn J (eds), Plenum Press, New York; Gove, W.R., Tudor, J., Adult sex roles and mental illness (1973) Am J Sociol, 78, pp. 812-835; Reskin, B.F., Roos, P.A., (1990) Job Queues, Gender Queues: Explaining Women's Inroads into Male Occupations, , Temple University Press, Philadelphia; Brown, G.W., Moran, P.M., Single mothers, poverty, and depression (1997) Psychol Med, 27, pp. 21-33; Brown, G.W., Bifulco, A., Motherhood, employment, and the development of depression: A replication of a finding? (1990) Br J Psychiatry, 156, pp. 169-179; Weissman, M.M., Leaf, P.J., Bruce, M.L., Single parent women. A community study (1987) Soc Psychiatry, 22, pp. 29-36; Marks, S.R., Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time, and commitment (1977) Am Soc Rev, 41, pp. 921-936; Seiber, S.D., Toward a theory of role accumulation (1974) Am Soc Rev, 39, pp. 567-578; Cherlin, A.J., Going to the extreme: Family structure, children's well-being, and social science (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 421-428 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27644544302&doi=10.1007%2fs00127-005-0898-x&partnerID=40&md5=024b1f15a09287758aed81f8a889d670 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs: Findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 279 EP - 282 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/jech.2004.025262 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Bor, W. AU - O'Callaghan, M.J. AU - Williams, G.M. AU - Najman, J.M. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Child Devmt. and Rehab. Services, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - School of Population Health, Univ. of Queensland Medical School, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To examine the association between intrauterine growth and intelligence. Design: Population based birth cohort study of sibling pairs born within a maximum of three years of each other. Setting: Mater-University women and children's hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Participants: 235 (470 children) sibling pairs. Results: Among one randomly selected sibling from each pair verbal comprehension at age 5, general intelligence at age 14, and reading ability at age 14 increased linearly with increasing gestational age and sex standardised birth weight z scores. With adjustment for maternal age, race, and smoking during pregnancy, birth order, family income, and parental education the associations with verbal comprehension at age 5 and general intelligence at age 14 remained, whereas the association with reading ability at age 14 was attenuated to the null. Within sibling pairs, differences in intrauterine growth were positively associated with differences in verbal comprehension at age 5 (test score difference per one unit difference in birth weight z score = 1.52 (0.11 to 3.26)) and general intelligence at age 14 (1.09 (0.01 to 2.18)), but not with reading ability at age 14. Conclusions: Socioeconomic position or other fixed maternal characteristics do not seem to explain the positive association between intrauterine growth and childhood intelligence. KW - child development KW - academic achievement KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - comprehension KW - female KW - gestational age KW - human KW - income KW - intelligence KW - intelligence quotient KW - male KW - normal human KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal growth KW - reading KW - sibling KW - smoking KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - fetus development KW - intelligence test KW - mother KW - physiology KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - sex difference KW - sibling KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Fetal Development KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Reading KW - Sex Factors KW - Siblings KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 15767380 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H., DelDotto, J., Low birth weight and neurocognitive status at six years of age (1996) Biol Physchiatry, 40, pp. 389-397; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birthweight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-197; Jefferles, B., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Osler, M., Andersen, A.-M.N., Due, P., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; Record, R.G., McKeown, T., Edwards, J.H., The relationship of measured intelligence to birth weight and duration of gestation (1969) Ann Hum Genet Lond, 33, pp. 71-79; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; Scarr, S., Effects of birth weight on later intelligence (1969) Soc Biol, 16, pp. 249-256; Willerman, L., Churchill, J.A., Intelligence and birth weight in identical twins (1967) Child Dev, 38, pp. 623-629; Boomsma, D.I., Van Beijsterveldt, C.E., Rietveld, M.J., Genetics mediate relation of birth weight to childhood IQ (2001) BMJ, 323, p. 1426; Najman, J.M., Aird, R., Bor, W., The generational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in child cognitive development and emotional health (2004) Soc Sci Med, 58, pp. 1147-1158; Dunn, L.M., Dunn, L.M., (1981) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Revised, , New York: American Guidance Service; De Lemos, M.M., (1989) Standard Progressive Matrices, Australian Manual, , Victoria: The Australian Education Council for Research; Wilkinson, G.S., (1993) Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT3) Administration Manual, , Wilmington, DE: Wide Range UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15544388220&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.025262&partnerID=40&md5=5d9645ccbfd123a967beb7abb2379ea0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult health and social outcomes of children who have been in public care: population-based study T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 115 IS - 4 SP - 894 EP - 899 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1542/peds.2004-1311 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Viner, R.M. AU - Taylor, B. AD - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom AD - Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom AB - Objective. To examine adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and health outcomes of being in public care in childhood. Methods. The 1970 British birth cohort was followed up at 5 (N = 13 135), 10 (14 875), 16 (11 622), and 30 years (11 261). Cases were defined as those ever in statutory or voluntary public care at 5, 10, and 16 years. Self-reported adult outcomes were occupation, educational achievement, general health, psychological morbidity, history of homelessness, school exclusion, and convictions. Results. A total of 343 (3.6%) of 9557 had been in public care <17 years. Nonwhite children were more likely to have been in care (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-5.4). Controlling for socioeconomic status, men with a history of public care were less likely to attain high social class (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) and more likely to have been homeless (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8), have a conviction (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.4), have psychological morbidity (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.0), and be in poor general health (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.6). Similar associations were found in women. Men but not women with a history of care were more likely to be unemployed (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4 -5.0) and less likely to attain a higher degree (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2- 0.7). Non-white ethnicity was associated with poorer adult outcomes of being in care. Conclusions. Public care in childhood is associated with adverse adult socioeconomic, educational, legal, and health outcomes in excess of that associated with childhood or adult disadvantage. Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. KW - Foster care KW - Population health KW - Psychiatric disorders KW - Public health KW - Public policy KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - education KW - ethnology KW - female KW - health status KW - homelessness KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - occupation KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - public health service KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - crime KW - ethnic group KW - foster care KW - health status KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - statistics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crime KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Female KW - Foster Home Care KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Mental Health KW - Occupations KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 15805361 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: r.viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Acheson, D., (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (Great Britain), , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; Simms, M.D., Dubowitz, H., Szilagyi, M.A., Health care needs of children in the foster care system (2000) Pediatrics, 106, pp. 909-918; (1999) Health and Personal Social Services Statistics for England, , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; Williams, J., Jackson, S., Maddocks, A., Cheung, W.Y., Love, A., Hutchings, H., Case-control study of the health of those looked after by local authorities (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 280-285; Hill, C.M., Watkins, J., Statutory health assessments for looked-after children: What do they achieve? (2003) Child Care Health Dev, 29, pp. 3-13; Mitic, W., Rimer, M.L., The educational attainment of children in care in British Columbia (2003) Child Youth Care Forum, 32, p. 133; Rosenfeld, A.A., Pilowsky, D.J., Fine, P., Foster care: An update (1997) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36, pp. 448-457; Horwitz, S.M., Simms, M.D., Farrington, R., Impact of developmental problems on young children's exits from foster care (1994) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 15, pp. 105-110; Chernoff, R., Combs-Orme, T., Risley-Curtiss, C., Heisler, A., Assessing the health status of children entering foster care (1994) Pediatrics, 93, pp. 594-601; Heath, A.F., Colton, M.J., Aldgate, J., Failure to escape: A longitudinal study of foster children's educational attainment (1994) Br J Social Work, 24, pp. 241-260; Fanshel, D., Finch, S.J., Grundy, J.F., (1990) Foster Children in a Life Course Perspective, , New York, NY: Columbia University Press; Flint, B.M., Patridge, J.G., Stark, E.G., (1996) Pathways to Maturity: Insights from A Thirty-Year Study of Deprived Children, , Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press; Evans, A., (1996) We Don't Choose to Be Homeless: Report of the National Enquiry into Preventing Youth Homelessness, , London, United Kingdom: CHAR; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-Year-Olds, , Oxford, United Kingdom: Pergamon Press; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper 1, , UK Data Archive. London, United Kingdom: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; King, M., At risk drinking among general practice attenders: Validation of the CAGE questionnaire (1986) Psychol Med, 16, pp. 213-217; Buchsbaum, D.G., Buchanan, R.G., Centor, R.M., Schnoll, S.H., Lawton, M.J., Screening for alcohol abuse using CAGE scores and likelihood ratios (1991) Ann Intern Med, 115, pp. 774-777; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, United Kingdom: Longmans; Thorpe, K., Golding, J., MacGillivray, I., Greenwood, R., Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 875-878; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., (1992) Prepared for Living? A Survey of Young People Leaving the Care of Three Local Authorities, , London, United Kingdom: National Children's Bureau; Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., (1995) Moving On. Young People and Leaving Care Schemes, , London, United Kingdom: HMSO; Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 575-580; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., Flouri, E., Parental background, social disadvantage, public "care," and psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood (2000) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1415-1423; McCann, J.B., James, A., Wilson, S., Dunn, G., Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young people in the care system (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1529-1530; Wellings, K., Wadsworth, J., Johnson, A., Field, J., Macdowall, W., Teenage fertility and life chances (1999) Rev Reprod, 4, pp. 184-190; Polnay, L., Ward, H., Promoting the health of looked after children. Government proposals demand leadership and a culture change (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 661-662 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23244459869&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2004-1311&partnerID=40&md5=32eb885f78eeead50427c37694f9a9bc ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predictors of internalizing symptoms among very low birth weight young women T2 - Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics J2 - J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 104 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1097/00004703-200504000-00004 SN - 0196206X (ISSN) AU - Hack, M. AU - Youngstrom, E.A. AU - Cartar, L. AU - Schluchter, M. AU - Taylor, G.H. AU - Flannery, D.J. AU - Klein, N. AU - Borawski, E. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Department of Justice Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States AB - As part of a longitudinal study of the outcomes of very low birth weight children (<1.5 kg), we sought to examine the perinatal, childhood, and young adult predictors of internalizing symptoms among very low birth weight young women and their normal birth weight controls. The cohort included 125 very low birth weight and 124 normal birth weight 20-year-old subjects. Perinatal, childhood, and young adult predictors were examined via stepwise multivariate analyses. Results revealed very low birth weight to be a significant predictor of parent-reported internalizing symptoms of their daughters but only among white subjects who had mothers with high levels of psychological distress. Additional significant predictors of 20-year internalizing symptoms included child I.Q. and internalizing symptoms at age 8 years and family expressiveness. When the results were analyzed according to the young adult self-report, additional predictors of internalizing symptoms included a history of asthma and exposure to violence. Perinatal risk factors were not found to be predictive of internalizing symptoms at age 20 years. Future studies should prospectively examine social and environmental factors associated with the neonatal intensive care experience that might explain the effect of very low birth weight on later psychopathology. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. KW - Internalizing KW - Perinatal KW - Predictors KW - Very low birth weight KW - asthma KW - Caucasian KW - controlled study KW - distress syndrome KW - environmental factor KW - family life KW - family violence KW - female KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - mental task KW - multivariate analysis KW - newborn intensive care KW - outcomes research KW - prediction KW - prenatal diagnosis KW - priority journal KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - self report KW - social aspect KW - statistical significance KW - very low birth weight KW - Adult KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Very Low Birth Weight KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Psychology KW - Stress N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JDBPD C2 - 15827460 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hack, M.; Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; email: mxh7@cwru.edu N1 - References: Hack, M., Youngstrom, E.A., Cartar, L., Behavioral outcomes and evidence of psychopathology among very low birth weight infants at age 20 years (2004) Pediatrics, 114, pp. 932-940; Achenbach, T.M., (1997) Manual for the Young Adult Self-Report and Young Adult Behavior Checklist, , Burlington, VT: University of Vermont; Costello, E.J., Pine, D.S., Hammen, C., Development and natural history of mood disorders (2002) Biol. Psychiatry, 52, pp. 529-542; Weissman, M., Warner, V., Wickramaratne, P., Moreau, D., Olfson, M., Offspring of depressed parents: 10 years later (1997) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 54, pp. 932-942; Nomura, Y., Wickramaratne, P.J., Warner, V., Mufson, L., Weissman, M.M., Family discord, parental depression, and psychopathology in offspring: Ten-year follow-up (2002) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 41, pp. 402-409; Chilcoat, H.D., Breslau, N., Does psychiatric history bias mothers' reports? An application of a new analytic approach (1997) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 36, pp. 971-979; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., Maternal smoking before and after pregnancy: Effects on behavioral outcomes in middle childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 815-822; Weissman, M.M., Warner, V.P., Wickramaratne, J., Kandel, D.B., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychopathology in offspring followed to adulthood (1999) J. Am. Acad. Adolesc. Psychiatry, 38, pp. 892-899; Frost, A.K., Reinherz, H.Z., Pakis-Camras, B., Giaconia, R.M., Lefkowitz, E.S., Risk factors for depressive symptoms in late adolescence: A longitudinal community study (1999) Am. J. Orthopsychiatry, 69, pp. 370-381; Reinherz, H.Z., Giacona, R.M., Pakiz, B., Silverman, A.B., Frost, A.K., Lefkowitz, E.S., Psychological risks for major depression in late adolescence: A longitudinal community study (1993) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1155-1163; Kendler, K.S., Gardner, C.O., Prescott, C.A., Toward a comprehensive developmental model for major depression in women (2002) Am. J. Psychiatry, 159, pp. 1133-1145; Kessler, R.C., Davis, C.G., Kendler, K.S., Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey (1997) Psychol. Med., 27, pp. 1101-1119; Kaplan, G.A., Roberts, R.E., Camacho, T.C., Coyne, J.C., Psychosocial predictors of depression: Prospective evidence from the human population laboratory studies (1987) Am. J. Epidemiol., 125, pp. 206-220; Sadowski, H., Ugarte, B., Kolvin, I., Kaplan, C., Barnes, J., Early life family disadvantages and major depression in adulthood (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 112-120; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., Aetiology of anxiety and depressive disorders in an inner-city population, 1. Early adversity (1993) Psychol. Med., 23, pp. 143-154; Rodgers, B., Reported parental behaviour and adult affective symptoms. 1. Associations and moderating factors (1996) Psychol. Med., 26, pp. 51-61; Cheung, Y.B., Khoo, K.S., Karlberg, J., Machin, D., Association between psychological symptoms in adults and growth in early life: Longitudinal follow up study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 749-753; Nilsson, P.M., Nyberg, P., Ostergren, P.-O., Increased susceptibility to stress at a psychological assessment of stress tolerance is associated with impaired fetal growth (2001) Int. J. Epidemiol., 30, pp. 75-80; Cheung, Y.B., Early origins and adult correlates of psychosomatic distress (2002) Soc. Sci. Med., 55, pp. 937-948; van Os, J., Jones, P., Lewis, G., Wadsworth, M., Murray, R., Developmental precursors of affective illness in a general population birth cohort (1997) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 54, pp. 625-631; Sigurdsson, E., van Os, J., Fombonne, E., Are impaired childhood motor skills a risk factor for adolescent anxiety? Results from the 1958 U.K. birth cohort and the National Child Development study (2002) Am. J. Psychiatry, 159, pp. 1044-1046; Shaffer, D., Schonfeld, I., O'Connor, P.A., Neurological soft signs: Their relationship to psychiatric disorder and intelligence in childhood and adolescence (1985) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 42, pp. 342-351; Pine, D., Shaffer, D., Schonfeld, I.S., Persistent emotional disorder in children with neurological soft signs (1993) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1229-1236; Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H.D., Johnson, E.O., Andreski, P., Lucia, V.C., Neurologic soft signs and low birth weight: Their association and neuropsychiatric implications (1999) Biol. Psychiatry, 47, pp. 71-79; Richards, M., Maughan, B., Hardy, R., Hall, I., Strydom, A., Wadsworth, M., Long-term affective disorder in people with mild learning disability (2001) Br. J. Psychiatry, 179, pp. 523-527; Borowsky, I.W., Resnick, M.D., Environmental stressors and emotional status of adolescents who have been in special education classes (1998) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 152, pp. 377-382; Bennett, D.S., Depression among children with chronic medical problems: A meta-analysis (1994) J. Pediatr. Psychology, 19, pp. 149-169; Breslau, N., Psychiatric disorders in children with physical disabilities (1985) J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiatry, 24, pp. 87-94; Ortega, A.N., Huertas, S.E., Canino, G., Ramirez, R., Rubio-Stipec, M., Childhood asthma, chronic illness, and psychiatric disorders (2002) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 190, pp. 275-281; Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper, V., Harrington, R., Rutter, M., The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression (2001) Br. J. Psychiatry, 179, pp. 210-217; Weissman, M.M., Wolk, S., Goldstein, R.B., Depressed adolescents grown up (1999) JAMA, 281, pp. 1707-1713; Rodgers, B., Adult affective disorder and early environment (1990) Br. J. Psychiatry, 157, pp. 539-550; Pine, D.S., Cohen, P., Johnson, J.G., Brook, J.S., Adolescent life events as predictors of adult depression (2002) J. Affect. Dis., 68, pp. 49-57; Ge, X., Lorenz, F., Conger, R.D., Elder, G.H., Simons, R.L., Trajectories of stressful life events and depressive symptoms during adolescence (1994) Dev. Psychol., 30, pp. 467-483; Brown, G.W., Genetic and population perspectives on life events and depression (1998) Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol., 33, pp. 363-373; Usher, R., McLean, F., Intrauterine growth of live-born Caucasian infants at sea level: Standards obtained from measurements in 7 dimensions of infants born between 25 and 44 weeks of gestation (1969) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 901-910; Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C., (1983) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile, , Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry; Hack, M., Flannery, D.J., Schluchter, M., Cartar, L., Borawski, E., Klein, N., Outcomes in young adulthood for very-low birth weight infants (2002) N. Engl. J. Med., 346, pp. 149-157; Ferdinand, R.F., Verhulst, F.C., The prediction of poor outcome in young adults: Comparison of the Young Adult Self-Report, the General Health Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist (1994) Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 89, pp. 405-410; Achenbach, T.M., Howell, C.T., McConaughy, S.H., Stanger, C., Six-year predictors of problems in a national sample: III. Transitions to young adult syndromes (1995) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 34, pp. 658-669; Wiznitzer, M., Verhulst, F.C., van den Brink, W., Detecting psychopathology in young adults: The Young Adult Self Report, the General Health Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist as screening instruments (1992) Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 6, pp. 32-37; Hobel, C.J., Hyvarinen, M., Okada, D.M., Oh, W., Prenatal and intrapartum high-risk screening I. Prediction of the high-risk neonate (1973) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 117, pp. 1-9; Wechsler, D., (1974) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised, , New York, NY. The Psychological Corporation; Woodcock, R., (1973) Woodcock Reading Mastery Test Revised, , Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; Woodcock, R.W., Johnson, M.B., (1977) Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery, , Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources; Jastak, S., (1984) Wide Range Achievement Tests, , Wilmington, DE: Jastak Assoc Inc; Koppitz, E.M., (1975) The Bender Gestalt Test for Young Children, 2. , New York, NY. Grune and Stratton; Wilson, B.C., Iacoviello, J.M., Wilson, J.J., Purdue pegboard performance of normal preschool children (1982) Clin. Neuropsychol., 4, pp. 19-26; Bruininks-Oseretsky, R., (1978) Test of Motor Proficiency: Examiner's Manual, , Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; Wechsler, D., (1981) The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, , San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; Singer, M., Anglin, T., Song, L., Lunghofer, L., Adolescents' exposure to violence and associated symptoms of psychologic trauma (1995) JAMA, 273, pp. 477-482; Greenberger, E., Bond, L., (1976) Technical Manual for the Psychosocial Maturity Inventory, , Irvine, CA: Program in Social Ecology, University of California; Moos, R., Moos, D., (1991) Family Environment Scale Manual, , 2nd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; Derogatis, L.R., (1975) The Brief Symptom Inventory, , Baltimore, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Dohrenwend, B.P., Link, B.G., Brooks, J.S., A longitudinal investigation of social causation and social selection processes involved in the association between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders (1999) J. Abnorm. Psychol., 108, pp. 490-499; Hack, M., Breslau, N., Aram, D., Weissman, B., Klein, N., Borawski-Clark, E., The effect of very low birth weight and social risk on neurocognitive abilities at school age (1992) J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr., 13, pp. 412-420; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., (2000) CDC Growth Charts: United States. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics; No. 314, , Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; Reinherz, H.Z., Frost, A.K., Pakiz, B., Changing faces: Correlates of depressive symptoms in late adolescence (1991) Fam. Community Health, 14, pp. 52-63; Minde, K., Whitelaw, A., Brown, J., Fitzhardinge, P., Effect of neonatal complications in premature infants on early parent-infant interactions (1983) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 25, pp. 763-777; Singer, L.T., Fulton, S., Davillier, M., Koshy, D., Salvator, A., Baley, J.E., Effects of infant risk status and maternal psychological distress on maternal infant interactions during the first year of life (2003) Dev. Behav. Pediatr., 24, pp. 233-241; Youngstrom, E., Patterns and correlates of agreement between parent, teacher, and male adolescent ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems (2000) J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 68, pp. 1038-1050; Visser, J.H., Van der Ende, J., Koot, H.M., Verhulst, F.C., Predictors of psychopathology in young adults referred to mental health services in childhood or adolescence (2000) Br. J. Psychiatry, 177, pp. 59-65; Hofstra, M.B., Van der Ende, J., Verhulst, F.C., Continuity and change of psychopathology from childhood into adulthood: A 14 year follow-up study (2000) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 39, pp. 850-858; Saigal, S., Pinelli, J., Hoult, L., Kim, M.M., Boyle, M., Psychopathology and social competencies of adolescents who were extremely low birth weight (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 969-975; van Os, J., Jones, P.B., Early risk factors and adult person-environment relationships in affective disorder (1999) Psychol. Med., 29, pp. 1055-1067; Harrington, R., Fudge, H., Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Hill, J., Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression (1990) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 47, pp. 465-473; Kessler, R.C., Magee, W.J., Childhood adversities and adult depression: Basic patterns of association in a US national survey (1993) Psychol. Med., 23, pp. 679-690; Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Milberger, S., A prospective 4-year follow-up study of attention-deficit hyperactivity and related disorders (1996) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 53, pp. 437-446; Muntaner, C., Eaton, W.W., Diala, C., Kessler, R.C., Sorlie, P.D., Social class, assets, organizational control and the prevalence of common groups of psychiatric disorders (1998) Soc. Sci. Med., 47, pp. 2043-2053; Lorant, V., Deliege, D., Eaton, W., Robert, A., Philippot, P., Ansseau, M., Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: A meta-analysis (2003) Am. J. Epidemiol., 157, pp. 98-112; Costello, E.J., Compton, S.N., Keeler, G., Angold, A., Relationships between poverty and psychopathology: A natural experiment (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 2023-2029; Goodman, E., Huang, B., Wade, T.J., Kahn, R.S., A multilevel analysis of the relation of socioeconomic status to adolescent depressive symptoms: Does school context matter (2003) J. Pediatr., 143, pp. 451-456; Kessler, R.C., Neighbors, H.W., A new perspective on the relationship among race, social class, and psychological distress (1986) J. Health Soc. Behav., 27, pp. 107-115; Graham, C.A., Easterbrooks, M.A., School-aged children's vulnerability to depressive symptomatology: The role of attachment security, maternal depressive symptomatology, and economic risk (2000) Dev. Psychopathol., 12, pp. 201-213; Greenwald, A.G., Banaji, M.R., Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes (1995) Psychol. Rev., 102, pp. 4-27; Richardson, L.P., DiGiuseppe, D., Garrison, M., Christakis, D.A., Depression in medicaid-covered youth (2003) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 157, pp. 984-989; Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., Frank, R.G., Leaf, P., Lin, E., Mental health care use, morbidity, and socioeconomic status in the United States and Ontario (1997) Inquiry, 34, pp. 38-49; Faraone, S.V., Biederman, J., Depression: A family affair (1998) Lancet, 351, p. 158; Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M.T., Horwood, L.J., The effect of maternal depression on maternal ratings of child behavior (1993) J. Abnorm. Child Psychol., 21, pp. 245-269; Levy-Shiff, R., Einat, G., Har-Even, D., Emotional and behavioral adjustment in children born prematurely (1994) J. Clin. Child Psychol., 23, pp. 323-333; Botting, N., Powls, A., Cooke, R.W.I., Marlow, N., Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and other psychiatric outcomes in very low birthweight children at 12 years (1997) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatr., 38, pp. 931-941; Horwood, L.J., Mogridge, N., Darlow, B.A., Cognitive, educational, and behavioral outcomes at 7 and 8 years in a national very low birthweight cohort (1997) Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Educ., 79, pp. F12-F20; O'Callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M., Andersen, M.J., Bor, W., Najman, J.M., Obstetric and perinatal factors as predictors of child behaviour at 5 years (1997) J. Paediatr. Child Health, 33, pp. 497-503; Laucht, M., Esser, G., Schmidt, M.H., Differential development of infants at risk for psychopathology: The moderating role of early maternal responsivity (2001) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 43, pp. 292-300; Breslau, N., Chilcoat, R.D., Psychiatric sequelae of low birth weight at 11 years of age (2000) Soc. Biol. Psychiatry, 47, pp. 1005-1011; Sykes, D.H., Hoy, E.A., Bill, J.M., McClure, B.G., Halliday, H.L., Reid, M.M., Behavioural adjustment in school of very low birthweight children (1997) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 38, pp. 315-325; Klebanov, P.K., Brooks-Gunn, J., McCormick, M.C., Classroom behavior of very low birth weight elementary school children (1994) Pediatrics, 94, pp. 700-708; Whitaker, A.H., Van Rossem, R., Feldman, J.F., Psychiatric outcomes in low-birth-weight children at age 6 years: Relation to neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities (1997) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 54, pp. 847-856; Weisglas-Kuperus, N., Koot, H.M., Baerts, W., Fetter, W.P.F., Sauer, P.J.J., Behavior problems of very low-birthweight children (1993) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 35, pp. 406-416; Elgen, I., Sommerfelt, K., Ellertsen, B., Cognitive performance in a low birth weight cohort at 5 and 11 years of age (2003) Pediatr. Neurol., 29, pp. 111-116; Isaacs, E.B., Lucas, A., Chong, W.K., Hippocampal volume and everyday memory in children of very low birth weight (2000) Pediatr. Res., 47, pp. 713-720; Vythilingam, M., Heim, C., Newport, J., Childhood trauma associated with smaller hippocampal volume in women with major depression (2002) Am. J. Psychiatry, 159, pp. 2072-2080; Kempermann, G., Kronenberg, G., Depressed new neurons - Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a cellular plasticity hypothesis of major depression (2003) Biol. Psychiatry, 54, pp. 450-499; Arnold, C.C., Kramer, M.S., Hobbs, C.A., McLean, F.H., Usher, R.H., Very low birthweight: A problematic cohort for epidemiologic studies of very small or immature neonates (1991) Am. J. Epidemiol., 134, pp. 604-613; Heim, C., Nemeroff, C.B., The impact of early adverse experiences on brain systems involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and affective disorders (1999) Biol. Psychiatry, 46, pp. 1509-1522; Anand, K.J.S., Scalzo, F.M., Can adverse neonatal experiences alter brain development and subsequent behavior? (2000) Biol. Neonate, 77, pp. 69-82; Minde, K.K., The impact of prematurity on the later behavior of children and on their families (1984) Clin. Perinatol., 11, pp. 227-244; Usher, R., McLean, F., Intrauterine growth of live-born Caucasian infants at sea level: Standards obtained from measurements in 7 dimensions of infants born between 25 and 44 weeks of gestation (1969) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 901-910 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17844365533&doi=10.1097%2f00004703-200504000-00004&partnerID=40&md5=4db83274644722a8ceff65dfe6b61117 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biosocial correlates of stature in a British national cohort T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 245 EP - 251 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1017/S0021932004006558 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AU - Lasker, G.W. AD - Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States AB - Analyses of height variation using the 1970 UK national cohort study (12,508 children at age 10 and 5470 at age 16) found clear evidence that children of higher socioeconomic status (as measured by social class, crowding, tenure, type of accommodation, income and receipt of government financial assistance) were on average taller than children of lower socio-economic status but there was little or no difference in average stature between children living in urban or rural areas. Significant differences in height remained for most of the variables after removing the effects of father's social class suggesting that reliance on social class per se to explain height variation is inadvisable. © 2004 Cambridge University Press. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - body height KW - child KW - crowding KW - female KW - government KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - rural area KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - social status KW - United Kingdom KW - urban area KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crowding KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Income KW - Male KW - Rural Population KW - Social Class KW - Urban Population N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 15768777 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Fogelman, K., (1983) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, , National Children's Bureau, London; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children - Results from the national Child Development Study (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 1-8; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Influence of social class on the correlation of stature of adult children with that of their mothers and fathers (1996) Journal of Biosocial Science, 28, pp. 117-122; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban children in relation to socioeconomic factors (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, p. 510; Liodgren, G.W., Cernerud, L., Physical growth and socioeconomic background of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933-1963 (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 1-16; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The biology of social class (1990) Biosocial Aspects of Social Class, , Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial influences on stature: A review (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23, pp. 113-128; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biological correlates of social and geographical mobility in humans: An overview (1998) Human Biology and Social Inequality, , Shetty, P. S. & Strickland, S. S. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Boldsen, J.L., Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Annals of Human Biology, 12, pp. 315-324; Stinson, S., Growth variation: Biological and cultural factors (2000) Human Biology, , Stinson, S., Bogin, B., Huss-Ashmore, R. & O'Rourke; D. (eds). Wiley-Liss, New York; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, 2nd Edn., , Blackwell Scientific, Oxford; Terrell, T.R., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial correlates of stature in a 16-year old British cohort (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23, pp. 401-408; Topp, S.G., Cook, J., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of school children (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, p. 154 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644401805&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932004006558&partnerID=40&md5=8ce5e2bd4993d679e9684f72c1856a93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Family background, schooling and childlessness in Australia T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 229 EP - 243 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1017/S0021932004006546 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Parr, N.J. AD - Demographic Research Group, Div. of Economic and Fin. Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia AB - Using data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper analyses the extent to which childlessness among Australian women aged 40-54 years varies according to the size and type of family in which they were brought up, and the level and type of schooling they had. Multilevel logistic analysis shows that having been educated in a non-government school, having stayed at school to year 12, having a small number of siblings, at age 14 having a father who was either dead or absent, at age 14 having a father who was employed in a professional occupation, or being a migrant from North or West Europe, North America, East Asia or South-East Asia, all are significantly associated with higher rates of childlessness among women in the 40-54 years age range. The effects of these early lifecourse variables on marital and socioeconomic status in later life, and hence on childlessness, are also considered. The implications of the findings for fertility trends and for Australia's public debate are discussed. © 2004 Cambridge University Press. KW - adult KW - Asia KW - Australia KW - education KW - Europe KW - family KW - family size KW - female KW - female infertility KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - marriage KW - North America KW - review KW - social status KW - Adult KW - Australia KW - Educational Status KW - Family KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Marital Status KW - Middle Aged KW - Reproductive Behavior KW - Schools KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 15768776 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parr, N.J.; Demographic Research Group, Div. of Economic and Fin. Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia N1 - References: (1997) Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO), Second Edition, , Catalogue Number 1220-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2001) Births, , Catalogue Number 3301-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2002) Births, , Catalogue Number 3301-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2002) Social Trends, , Catalogue Number 4102-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; (2003) Schools, , Catalogue Number 4221-0. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra; Axinn, W.G., Clarkberg, M.E., Thornton, A., Family influences on family size preferences (1994) Demography, 31, pp. 65-79; Becker, G., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Berringion, A., Diamond, I., Marital dissolution among the 1958 British birth cohort: The role of cohabitation (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 19-38; Carmichael, G.A., McDonald, P., Fertility trends and differentials (2003) The Transformation of Australia's Population 1970-2030, pp. 40-76. , Siew-Ean Khoo & McDonald, P. (eds). UNSW Press, Sydney; Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , Arnold Press, New York; Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J., Plewis, I., Drape, K.D., Browne, W., Yang, M., Woodhouse, G., Healy, M., (1998) A User's Guide to MLwiN, , Institute of Education, London; Goward, P., (2002) Address Given to the Women, Management, Employment Relations Conference, , http://www.hreoc.gov.au/speeches/sex_discrim/pml_working_women.html, Sheraton on the Park, Sydney, 26th July 2002; Goward, P., (2002) Work and Family: The Challenge for Modern Australia, , http://www.hreoc.gov.au/speeches/sex_discrim/work_and_family.html, Royal Women's Hospital Tracy and Maund Address, at the Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Melbourne, 27 August 2002; Gray, E., What do we know about men's fertility levels in Australia? (2002) People and Place, 10, pp. 1-11; Howard, J., (2001) Address at the Federal Liberal Party Campaign Launch, , http://www.pm.gov.au/news/speeches/2001/speech1311.htm, Sydney 28th October 2001; Hugo, G., (1992) Australia's Contemporary and Future Fertility and Mortality: Trends, Differentials and Implications. Population Issues and Australia's Future: Environment, Economy and Society: Final Report, pp. 1-118. , Population Issues Committee, National Population Council AGPS, Canberra; Jain, S.K., McDonald, P.F., Fertility of Australian birth cohorts: Components and differentials (1997) Journal of the Australian Population Association, 14, pp. 31-46; Kiernan, K., Who remains childless? (1989) Journal of Biosocial Science, 21, pp. 387-398; Kiernan, K.E., Cherlin, A., Parental divorce and partnership dissolution in adulthood: Evidence from a British cohort study (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 38-48; Lillard, L.A., Waite, L.J., A joint model of childbearing and marital disruption (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 653-681; McDonald, P., Gender equity, social institutions and the future of fertility (2000) Journal of Population Research, 17, pp. 1-16; McDonald, P., Sustaining fertility through public policy: The range of options (2002) Population, 57, pp. 417-446; McDonald, P., Reforming family support policy in Australia (2003) People and Place, 11, pp. 1-15; Merlo, R., Rowland, D., The prevalence of childlessness in Australia (2000) People and Place, 8, pp. 21-32; Parr, N.J., Lucas, D., Mok, M., Branch migration and the international dispersal of families (2000) International Journal of Population Geography, 6, pp. 213-227; Rowland, D.T., Consequences of childlessness in later life (1998) Australasian Journal on Ageing, 17, pp. 24-28; Watson, N., Wooden, M., (2002) The Hilda Survey and the Potential to Contribute to Population Research, , http://www.melbourneinstitute.com/hilda/confpapern03.pdf, Paper presented to the 11th Biennial Conference of the Australian Population Association, Sydney 2-4 October 2002; Watson, N., Wooden, M., (2002) The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey: Wave 1 Survey Methodology, , Hilda Project Technical Paper Series No. 1/02; Weston, R., Qu, L., Men's and women's reasons for not having children (2001) Family Matters, 58, pp. 10-15 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644430447&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932004006546&partnerID=40&md5=b5e8e4934f00b08280193bee95f22ad6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inequalities in health in developing countries: Challenges for public health research T2 - Critical Public Health J2 - Crit. Pub. Health VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 26 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1080/09581590500048218 SN - 09581596 (ISSN) AU - Chopra, M. AD - University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535 Western Cape, South Africa AB - Inequalities in health are important for overall well-being even in developing countries. But research into this area has lagged behind developed countries partly because of the lack of routine and longitudinal data. Insights from developed countries have highlighted how risk factors are clustered around poor people and the ways in which pathways of poverty and poor health are formed during their lives. This is being overlaid by the process of globalization that seems to be accentuating these processes. The paucity of reliable routine data should encourage public health researchers in developing countries to stretch their methodological imagination to include qualitative insights in order to facilitate a more probing investigation that moves beyond describing inequalities but begins to describe how they are produced and reproduced. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - child health KW - cigarette smoking KW - developed country KW - developing country KW - diet KW - exercise KW - health behavior KW - health care access KW - health care cost KW - health care policy KW - health care utilization KW - health promotion KW - health status KW - human KW - medical research KW - nutritional status KW - poverty KW - public health KW - qualitative research KW - resource allocation KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomics KW - urbanization KW - wellbeing N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CPHRC LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Chopra, M.; School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535 Western Cape, South Africa; email: mchopra@uwc.ac.za N1 - References: Barnett, T., Whiteside, A., Decosas, J., The Jaipur paradigm: A conceptual framework for understanding social susceptibility and vulnerability to HIV (2000) South African Medical Journal, 90, pp. 1098-1101; Berkman, L.F., Social support, social networks, social cohesion and health (2000) Social Work and Health Care, 31, pp. 3-14; Berkman, L.F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., Seeman, T.E., From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium (2000) Social Science and Medicine, 51, pp. 843-857; Bradshaw, D., Groenewald, P., Laubscher, R., Nannan, N., Nojilana, B., Norman, R., (2003) Initial Burden of Disease Estimates for South Africa, , Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council; Bradshaw, D., Steyn, K., (2001) Poverty and Chronic Diseases, , Cape Town: Medical Research Council; Chopra, M., (2002) Diet and Globalisation, , Geneva: World Health Organisation; Chopra, M., Ross, F., (1995) Perceptions of Causes of Undernutrition in Rural South Africa, , Durban: Health Systems Trust; Chopra, M., Galbraith, S., Darnton-Hill, I., A global response to a global problem: The epidemic of overnutrition (2002) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80, pp. 952-958; Filmer, D., (2002) Fever and Its Treatment Among the More and Less Poor in Sub-Saharan Africa, , World Bank Development Economics Research Group working paper 2789. Washington, DC: World Bank; Fogel, R.W., Economic growth, population theory and physiology: The bearing of long-term processes on the making of economic policy (1994) American Economic Review, 84, pp. 369-395; (2003), http://www.gega.co.za, GEGA Available at: (accessed 3 February 2004); Graham, H., Research into policy (2001) Poverty, Health and Inequality, , D. Leon, & G. Walt (Eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Graham, H., Building an inter-disciplinary science of health inequalities: The example of lifecourse research (2002) Social Science and Medicine, 55, pp. 2005-2016; Gwatkin, D., Rutstein, S., Johnson, K., Pande, R., Wagstaff, A., (2000) Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition and Population, , Washington, DC: World Bank; Gwatkin, D.R., The need for equiry-oriented health reforms (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 720-723; Habicht, J.P., Victora, C.G., Vaughan, J.P., Evaluation designs for adequacy, plausibility and probability of public health programme performance and impact (1999) International Journal of Epidemiology, 28, pp. 10-18; Jha, P., Ranson, M.K., Nguyen, S.N., Yach, D., Estimates of global and regional smoking prevalence in 1995, by age and sex (2002) American Journal of Public Health, 92, pp. 1002-1006; Kennedy, B.P., Kawachi, I., Prothrow-Smith, D., Lochner, K., Gupta, V., Social capital, income inequality, and firearm violent crime (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 47, pp. 7-17; Krieger, N., Epidemiology and social sciences: Towards a critical reengagement in the 21st century (2000) Epidemiologic Reviews, 22, pp. 155-163; Labadarios, D., (2000) The National Food Consumption Survey: Children Aged 1-9 Years in South Africa, , 1999. Pretoria: Department of Health; Lozano, R., Zurita, B., Franco, F., Ramirez, T., Hernandez, P., Torres, J.L., Mexico: Marginality, need and resource allocation at the county level (2001) Challenging Inequities in Health. From Ethics to Action, , T. Evans, M. Whitehead, F. Diderischen, A. Bhuiya, & M. Wirth (Eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Macintyre, S., Evidence based policy making (2003) British Medical Journal, 326, pp. 5-6; Macintyre, S., Chalmers, I., Horton, R., Smith, R., Using evidence to inform health policy: Case study (2001) British Medical Journal, 322, pp. 222-225; (2002), 2003. , MACRO MACRO International; Martin-Prevel, Y., Delpeuch, F., Traissac, P., Massamba, J.P., Adoua-Oyila, G., Coudert, K., Deterioration in the nutritional status of young children and their mothers in Brazzaville, Congo, following the 1994 devaluation of the CFA franc (2000) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, pp. 108-118; Monteiro, C.A., Benicio, M.H., Mondini, L., Popkin, B.M., Shifting obesity trends in Brazil (2000) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, pp. 342-346; Nantulya, K., Muli-Musiime, F., Explaining differences in road traffic accidents in Kenya (2001) Challenging Inequities in Health: From Ethics to Action, , T. Evans, M. Whitehead, & F. Diderichsen (Eds), London: Oxford University Press; Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Hope, S., Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socio-economic differentials in psychological distress: Evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) Social Science and Medicine, 55, pp. 1989-2004; Ramphele, M., (2002) Steering By the Stars: Being Young in South Africa, , Cape Town: Tafelberg Publishers; Schellenberg, J.A., Victora, C.G., Mushi, A., de Savigny, D., Schellenberg, D., Mshinda, H., Inequities among the very poor: Health care for children in rural southern Tanzania (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 561-566. , Tanzania Integrated Management of Childhood Illness MCE Baseline Household Survey Study Group; Sen, A., (1999) Development As Freedom, , New York: New Anchor Books; Sundin, J., Willner, S., (2004) Health and Social Transitions: A Comparative Perspective, , Linkoping: Linkoping University Press; Tudor Hart, J., Commentary: Three decades of the inverse care law (2000) British Medical Journal, 320, pp. 18-19; (1997) Population Report, , United Nations Development Programme New York: UNDP; Victora, C.G., Vaughan, J.P., Barros, F.C., Silva, A.C., Tomasi, E., Explaining trends in inequities: Evidence from Brazilian child health studies (2000) Lancet, 356, pp. 1093-1098; Wagstaff, A., Socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality: Comparisons across nine developing countries (2000) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, pp. 19-29; Wagstaff, A., Watanabe, N., (2000) Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Malnutrition in the Developing World, , Policy Research Working Paper No. 2434. Washington, DC: World Bank; Wakefield, M., Gillies, P., Graham, H., Madeley, R., Symonds, M., Characteristics associated with smoking cessation during pregnancy among working class women (1993) Addiction, 88, pp. 1423-1430; Walberg, P., McKee, M., Shkolnikov, V., Chenet, L., Leon, D.A., Economic change, crime, and mortality crisis in Russia: Regional analysis (1998) British Medical Journal, 317, pp. 312-318; Whitehead, M., (1988) The Health Divide, , London: Pelican Books; Wilkinson, R., (1996) Unhealthy Societies. The Afflictions of Inequalities, , London and New York: Routledge; Whitehead, M., Dahlgren, G., Gilson, L., Developing policy responses to inequities in health: A global perspective (2001) Challenging Inequities in Health: From Ethics to Action, , T. Evans, M. Whitehead, & F. Diderichsen (Eds), London: Oxford University Press; Whitehead, M., Diderichsen, F., Burstrom, B., Researching the impact of public policy on inequalities in health (2000) Understanding Health Inequalities, , H. Graham (Ed.), Buckingham: Open University Press; (2000) Listening to the Voices of the Poor, , World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank; (1993) World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health, , World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank; (2001) Confronting the Tobacco Epidemic in an Era of Trade Liberalization, , World Health Organization Technical Report. Geneva: WHO Publications UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21244505018&doi=10.1080%2f09581590500048218&partnerID=40&md5=8e551735b8f75a1ff70e3262697769d7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The EPICure study: Associations and entecedents of neurological and developmental disability at the 30 months of age following extremely preterm birth T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. VL - 90 IS - 2 SP - F134 EP - F140 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1136/adc.2004.052407 SN - 13592998 (ISSN) AU - Wood, N.S. AU - Costeloe, K. AU - Gibson, A.T. AU - Hennessy, E.M. AU - Marlow, N. AU - Wilkinson, A.R. AD - Academic Division of Child Health, Queens Medical Centre, East Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom AD - Academic Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom AD - Jessop Wing, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom AD - Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To describe perinatal factors associated with later morbidity among extremely preterm children at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Population: Of 308 surviving children born at ≤25 weeks gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland from March to December 1995, 283 (92%) were evaluated at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Methods: Cerebral palsy, severe motor disability, and Bayley scores were used as dependent variables in sequential multiple regression analyses to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Results: Adverse outcomes were consistently more common in boys. Factors related to perinatal illness, ultrasound evidence of brain injury, and treatment (particularly postnatal steroids) were associated with adverse motor outcomes (cerebral palsy, disability or Bayley psychomotor development index). Increasing duration of postnatal steroid treatment was associated with poor motor outcomes. A score was developed for severe motor disability with good negative predictive value. In contrast, mental development was associated with a broader range of factors: ethnic group, maternal educational level, the use of antenatal steroids, and prolonged rupture of membranes in addition to chronic lung disease. Conclusion: Male sex is a pervasive risk factor for poor outcome at extremely low gestations. Avoidable or effective treatment factors are identified, which may indicate the potential for improving outcome. KW - article KW - Bayley score KW - brain injury KW - cerebral palsy KW - cognition KW - developmental disorder KW - disability KW - disease association KW - echography KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - human KW - Ireland KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental development KW - morbidity KW - motor dysfunction KW - perinatal morbidity KW - prematurity KW - prenatal care KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - psychomotor development KW - scoring system KW - steroid therapy KW - United Kingdom KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Male KW - Morbidity KW - Movement Disorders KW - Prognosis KW - Psychomotor Disorders KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Steroids N1 - Cited By :254 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 15724037 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Marlow, N.; Academic Division of Child Health, Queens Medical Centre, East Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; email: neil.marlow@nottingham.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Steroids N1 - References: Wood, N.S., Marlow, N., Costeloe, K., Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth (2000) N Engl J Med, 343, pp. 378-384. , EPICure Study Group; Vohr, B.R., Wright, L.L., Dusick, A.M., Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994 (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. 1216-1226; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Beckung, E., Changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. VIII. Prevalence and origin in the birth year period 1991-94 (2001) Acta Paediatr, 90, pp. 271-277; Phoroah, P.O.D., Platt, M.J., Cooke, T., The changing epidemiology of cerebral palsy (1996) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 75, pp. F169-F173; Stanley, F.J., Blair, E., Alberman, E., (2000) Cerebral Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, 151. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Murphy, D.J., Sellers, S., MacKenzie, I.Z., Case-control study of antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for cerebral palsy in very preterm singleton babies (1995) Lancet, 346, pp. 1449-1454; Kuban, K.C.K., Leviton, A., Cerebral palsy (1994) N Engl J Med, 330, pp. 188-195; Costeloe, K., Hennessy, E.M., Gibson, A.T., The EPICure Study: Outcomes to discharge from hospital for infants born at the threshold of viability (2000) Pediatrics, 106, pp. 659-671; Amiel-Tison, C., Stewart, A., Follow up studies during the first five years of life: A pervasive assessment of neurological function (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 496-502; Bayley, N., (1993) Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Ed., , San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation; (1995) Disability and Perinatal Care: Measurement of Health Status at Two Years. Report of Two Working Groups, , Oxford: NPEU; Box, M., Terminology and classification of cerebral palsy (1964) Dev Med Child Neurol, 6, pp. 295-297; (2000) Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0, , Stata Corporation: College Station, TX; Cooke, R.W.I., Cerebral palsy in very low birthweight infants (1990) Arch Dis Child, 65, pp. 201-206; Dammann, O., Leviton, A., Does prepregnancy bacterial vaginosis increase a mother's risk of having a preterm infant with cerebral polsy? (1997) Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, pp. 836-840; Wu, Y.W., Colford Jr., J.M., Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis (2000) JAMA, 284, pp. 1417-1424; Hitti, J., Tarczy-Hornoch, P., Murphy, J., Amniotic fluid infection, cytokines, and adverse outcome among infants at 34 weeks' gestation or less (2001) Obstet Gynecol, 98, pp. 1080-1088; Volpe, J.J., Neurobiology of periventricular leukomalacia in the premature infant (2001) Pediatr Res, 50, pp. 553-562; Zupan, V., Gonzalez, P., Lacaze-Masmonteil, T., Periventricular leukomalacia: Risk factors revisited (1996) Dev Med Child Neurol, 38, pp. 1061-1067; Perlman, J.M., White matter injury in the preterm infant: An important determination of abnormal neurodevelopment outcome (1998) Early Hum Dev, 53, pp. 99-120; Hack, M., Wilson-Costello, D., Friedman, H., Neurodevelopment and predictors of outcomes of children with birth weights of less than 1000 g: 1992-1995 (2000) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 154, pp. 725-731; Gray, P.H., Jones, P., O'Callaghan, M.J., Maternal antecedents for cerebral palsy in extremely preterm babies: A case-control study (2001) Dev Med Child Neurol, 43, pp. 580-585; Jobe, A.H., Glucocorticoids, inflamation and the perinatal lung (2001) Semin Neonatol, 6, pp. 331-342; Watts, D.H., Krohn, M.A., Hillier, S.L., The association of occult amniotic fluid infection with gestational age and neonatal outcome among women in preterm labor (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 351-357; Smulian, J.C., Shen-Schwarz, S., Vintzileos, A.M., Clinical chorioamnionitis and histologic placental inflammation (1999) Obstet Gynecol, 94, pp. 1000-1005; Leviton, A., Paneth, N., White matter damage in preterm newborns: An epidemiological perspective (1990) Early Hum Dev, 24, pp. 1-22; Cooke, R.W.I., Early and late cranial ultrasonographic appearances and outcome in very low birthweight infants (1987) Arch Dis Child, 62, pp. 931-937; Pinto-Martin, J.A., Riolo, S., Cnaan, A., Cranial ultrasound prediction of disabling and nondisabling cerebral palsy at age two in a low birth weight population (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 249-254; Reynolds, P.R., Dale, R.C., Cowan, F.M., Neonatal cranial ultrasound interpretation: A clinical audit (2001) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 84, pp. F92-F95; Pierrat, V., Duquennoy, C., Van Haastert, I.C., Ultrasound diagnosis and neurodevelopmental outcome of localised and extensive cystic periventricular leucomalacia (2001) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 84, pp. F151-F166; Borrington, K.J., Hazards of systemic steroids for ventilator-dependent preterm infants: What would a parent want? (2001) Can Med Assoc J, 165, pp. 33-34; Doyle, L.W., Davis, P., Morley, C., Risks and benefits of steroids in preterm infants (2001) J Pediatr, 138, pp. 784-786; Doyle, L.W., Davis, P., Postnatal corticosteroids in preterm infants: Systematic review of effects on mortality and motor function (2000) J Paediatr Child Health, 36, pp. 101-107; Halliday, H.L., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Doyle, L.W., Early postnatal (<96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants (2003) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1). , CD001146; Halliday, H.L., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Doyle, L.W., Delayed (>3 weeks) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants (2003) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1). , CD001145; Yeh, T.F., Lin, Y.J., Huang, C.C., Early dexamethasone therapy in preterm infants: A follow-up study (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. E7; Wood, N.S., Costeloe, K., Gibson, A.T., The EPICure study: Growth and associated problems in children born at 25 weeks or less gestational age (2003) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 88, pp. F493-F497; Stork, A.R., Waldemar, A.C., Tyson, J.E., Adverse effects of early dexamethasone treatment in exrremely-low-birth- weight infants (2001) N Engl J Med, 344, pp. 95-101; Garg, M., Kurzner, S.I., Bautista, D.B., Clinically unsuspected hypoxia during sleep and feeding in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1988) Pediatrics, 81, pp. 635-642; Durand, M., McEvoy, C., MacDonald, K., Spontaneous desaturations in intubated very low birth weight infants with acute and chronic lung disease (1992) Pediatr Pulmonol, 13, pp. 136-142; Ment, L.R., Schwartz, M., Makuch, R.W., Association of chronic sublethal hypoxia with ventriculomegaly in the developing rat brain (1998) Brain Res, 111, pp. 197-203; Takashima, S., Becker, L.E., Developmental neuropothology in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Alteration of glial fibrillary acidic protein and myelination (1984) Brain Dev, 6, pp. 451-457; Hargitai, B., Szabo, V., Hajdu, J., Apoptosis in various organs of preterm infants: Histopathologic study of lung, kidney, liver, and brain of ventilated infants (2001) Pediatr Res, 50, pp. 110-114; Vohr, B.R., Coll, C.G., Lobato, D., Neurodevelopmental and medical status of low birth weight survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 10 to 12 years of age (1991) Dev Med Child Neurol, 33, pp. 690-697; Vrlenich, L.A., Bozynski, M.E., Shyr, Y., The effect of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on growth at school age (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 855-859; Northway, W.H., Moss, R.B., Carlisle, K.B., Late pulmonary sequelae of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1990) N Engl J Med, 323, pp. 1793-1799; Hack, M., Taylor, H.G., Klein, N., School-age outcomes in children with birth weights under 750 g (1994) N Engl J Med, 331, pp. 753-759; O'Shea, M.T., Goldstein, D.J., Deregnier, R.A., Outcome at 4 to 5 years of age in children recovered from neonatal chronic lung disease (1996) Dev Med Child Neurol, 38, pp. 830-839; Singer, L., Yamashita, T., Lilien, L., A longitudinal study of developmental outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and very low birth weight (1997) Pediatrics, 100, pp. 987-993; Bohm, B., Katz-Salomon, M., Cognitive development at 5.5 years of children with chronic lung disease of prematurity (2003) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 88, pp. F101-F105; Bowen, J.R., Starte, D.R., Arnold, J.D., Extremely low birthweight infants at 3 years: A developmental profile (1993) J Paediatr Child Health, 29, pp. 276-281; Katz-Salamon, M., Gerner, E.M., Jonsson, B., Early motor and mental development in very preterm infants with chronic lung disease (2000) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 83, pp. F1-F6; Agarwal, R., Chiswick, M.L., Rimmer, S., Antenatal steroids are associated with a reduction in the incidence of cerebral white matter lesions in very low birthweight infants (2002) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 86, pp. F96-F101; Baud, O., Foix-L'Helias, L., Kaminski, M., Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment and cystic periventricular leukomalacia in very premature infants (1999) N Engl J Med, 341, pp. 1190-1196; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebonov, P.K., Economic deprivation and early childhood development (1994) Child Dev, 65, pp. 296-318; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, p. 305; Fawer, C.L., Besnier, S., Forcada, M., Influence of perinatal, developmental and environmental factors on cognitive abilities of preterm children without major impairments at 5 years (1995) Early Hum Dev, 43, pp. 151-164; Lee, H., Barratt, M.S., Cognitive development of preterm low birth weight children at 5 to 8 years old (1993) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 14, pp. 242-249; Sammerfelt, K., Ellertsen, B., Markestad, T., Parental factors in cognitive outcome of non-handicapped low birthweight infants (1995) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 73, pp. F135-F142; Landry, S.H., Smith, K.E., Swank, P.R., Environmental effects on language development in normal and high-risk child populations (2002) Semin Pediatr Neurol, 9, pp. 192-200; Wolke, D., Schultz, J., Meyer, R., Entwicklungslangzeitfolgen bei ehemaligen, sehr unreifen Frühgeborenen (2001) Monatsschr Kinderheilk, 149 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 53-61 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14744295489&doi=10.1136%2fadc.2004.052407&partnerID=40&md5=86d196ca6eb3e33a51960a61a3cb60c0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The declining relative importance of ability in predicting educational attainment T2 - Journal of Human Resources J2 - J. Hum. Resour. VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 335 EP - 353 PY - 2005 SN - 0022166X (ISSN) AU - Galindo-Rueda, F. AU - Vignoles, A. AD - Centre for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and IZA, Houghton St., London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Education and Centre for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom AB - Most countries seek to reduce inequality by encouraging educational attainment, particularly by striving for better outcomes for able individuals from poor backgrounds. We analyse whether this has been a feature of Britain's substantial expansion of education during the past several decades. We use two unique longitudinal studies to test whether these improvements have been associated with changes in the role of cognitive ability and parental background in determining educational achievement. We find a decline in the importance of ability in explaining educational performance, in part because low ability children with high economic status experienced the largest increases in educational attainment. © 2005 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. KW - education policy KW - educational attainment KW - socioeconomic status KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe KW - World N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Galindo-Rueda, F.; Centre for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and IZA, Houghton St., London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: f.galindo-rueda@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Barro, R., Lee, J.-W., "International Data on Educational Attainment Updates and Implications" (2000), National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 7911. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research; Benabou, R., "Heterogeneity, Stratification and Growth: Macroeconomic Implications of Community Structure and School Finance" (1996) American Economic Review, 86 (3), pp. 584-609; Benabou, R., "Unequal Societies: Income Distribution and the Social Contract" (2000) American Economic Review, 90 (1), pp. 96-129; Blanden, J., Goodman, A., Gregg, P., Machin, S., "Changes in Intergenerational Mobility in Britain" (2002), Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper 517. London: London School of Economics; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J., "Class Inequality and Meritocracy: A Critique of Saunders and an Alternative Analysis" (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (1), pp. 1-27; Carneiro, P., Hansen, K., Heckman, J.J., "2001 Lawrence R. Klein Lecture Estimating Distributions of Treatment Effects with an Application to the Returns to Schooling and Measurement of the Effects of Uncertainty on College Choice" (2003) International Economic Review, 44 (2), pp. 361-422; Cawley, J., Conneely, K., Heckman, J., Vytlacil, E., "Measuring the Effects of Cognitive Ability" (1996), National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 5645. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research; Chevalier, A., Lanot, G., "The Relative Effect of Family Characteristics and Financial Situation on Educational Achievement" (2002) Education Economics, 10 (2), pp. 165-181; Crook, D., Power, S., Whitty, G., "The Grammar School Question: A Review of Research on Comprehensive and Selective Education" (1999) Perspectives on Education Policy Series, , London: Institute of Education; Currie, J., Thomas, D., "Early Test Scores, Socio-economic Status and Future Outcomes" (1999), National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 6943. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research; Dearden, L., "The Effects of Families and Ability on Men's Education and Earnings in Britain" (1999) Labour Economics, 6 (4), pp. 551-567; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., "Intergenerational Mobility in Britain" (1997) Economic Journal, 107 (440), pp. 47-64; De Fraja, G., "The Design of Optimal Education Policies" (2002) Review of Economic Studies, 69 (2), pp. 437-466; De Fraja, G., "Reverse Discrimination and Efficiency in Education" (2003), York: University of York. Unpublished; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J., "Are American Rates of Social Mobility Exceptionally High? New Evidence on an Old Issue" (1985) European Sociological Review, 1, pp. 1-22; Feinstein, L., Symons, J., "Attainment in Secondary School" (1999) Oxford Economic Papers, 51 (2), pp. 300-321; Fernandez, R., Rogerson, R., "Income Distribution, Communities, and the Quality of Public Education" (1996) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111 (1), pp. 135-164; Fernandez, R., Rogerson, R., "Public Education and Income Distribution: A Dynamic Quantitative Evaluation of Education-Finance Reform" (1998) American Economic Review, 88 (4), pp. 813-833; Galindo-Rueda, F., Vignoles, A., "The Heterogeneous Effect of Selection in Secondary Schools: Understanding the Changing Role of Ability" (2004), Centre for the Economics of Education. Unpublished; Harmon, C., Walker, I., "The Returns to Quantity and Quality of Education: Evidence for Men in England and Wales" (2000) Economica, 67 (265), pp. 19-35; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., "The Determinants of Children's Attainments: A Review of Methods and Findings" (1995) Journal of Economic Literature, 33 (4), pp. 1829-1878; McCulloch, A., Joshi, H., "Neighbourhood and Family Influences on the Ability of Children in the British National Child Development Study" (2000) Social Science and Medicine, 53 (5), pp. 579-591; Saunders, P., "Social Mobility in Britain: An Empirical Evaluation of Two Competing Explanations" (1997) Sociology, 31 (2), pp. 261-288; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, S., Sacker, A., "The Influence of Context, Timing, and Duration of Risk Experiences for the Passage from Childhood to Mid-Adulthood" (2002) Child Development, 73 (5), pp. 1486-1504; Steedman, H., "Measuring the Quality of Educational Outputs: A Note" (1996), Centre for Economic Performance discussion paper CEPDP0302. London: London School of EconomicsUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19844380032&partnerID=40&md5=08349d95ce3570751df3340fa54ec30b ER - TY - JOUR TI - The prevalence and incidence of asthma among young adults: A population-based study in five west Danish counties ST - Forekomst af astma hos yngre voksne: Et populationsbaseret studie i fem vestdanske amter T2 - Ugeskrift for Laeger J2 - Ugeskr. Laeg. VL - 167 IS - 6 SP - 648 EP - 651 PY - 2005 SN - 00415782 (ISSN) AU - Skadhauge, L.R. AU - Bælum, J. AU - Siersted, H.C. AU - Sherson, D.L. AU - Dahl, S. AU - Thomsen, G.F. AU - Omland, Ø. AU - Taudorf, E. AU - Sigsgaard, T.I. AD - Arbejds- og Miljomedicinsk Klinik, Haderslev Sygehus, DK-6100 Haderslev, Denmark AB - Introduction: In the past few decades, many studies from all over the world have demonstrated an increasing prevalence of asthma among both children and adults. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and changes in the incidence of asthma among younger Danish adults. Materials and methods: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) protocol was followed in this cross-sectional study. A short questionnaire including information about the one-year prevalence of asthma symptoms, use of asthma medicine and age at first attack of asthma was sent to 10,000 individuals between 20 and 44 years old in five west Danish counties. Results: 7,271 individuals (73%) returned the questionnaire. Diagnosed current asthma was reported by 8.1% (95% CI: 7.2-9.0) of the females and 5.7% (95% CI: 4.9-6.5) of the males. The cumulative asthma incidence in five birth cohorts increased progressively from the oldest cohort (born 1958-1962) to the youngest cohort (born 1978-1982). The annual incidence of first asthma attack between 0 and 10 years of age was greatest in the two youngest birth cohorts. There were no differences in incidence among the cohorts after the age of 20. Discussion: In comparison with earlier ECRHS results (Aarhus, 1994), a definite increase in the prevalence of diagnosed current asthma was observed. However, the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms was lower or similar. In conclusion, the prevalence of diagnosed asthma reported by younger adults continues to rise. This can be explained by a cohort effect with increasing asthma among children and youths or changes in diagnostic practices. KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - asthma KW - Denmark KW - female KW - health survey KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - onset age KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - questionnaire KW - sex difference KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Denmark KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: UGLAA C2 - 15771379 LA - Danish N1 - Correspondence Address: Skadhauge, L.R.; Arbejds- og Miljomedicinsk Klinik, Haderslev Sygehus, DK-6100 Haderslev, Denmark; email: lars_skadhauge@hs.sja.dk N1 - References: Hansen, E.F., Rappeport, Y., Vestbo, J., Increase in prevalence and severity of asthma in young adults in Copenhagen (2000) Thorax, 55, pp. 833-836; Linneberg, A., Nielsen, N.H., Madsen, F., Secular trends of allergic asthma in Danish adults. The Copenhagen Allergy Study (2001) Respir Med, 95, pp. 258-264; Kjøller, M., Rasmussen, N., (2002) Sundhed & Sygelighed i Danmark 2000 & Udviklingen Siden 1987, , Kebenhavn: Statens Institut for Folkesundhed; Manfreda, J., Becker, A.B., Wang, P.Z., Trends in physician-diagnosed asthma prevalence in Manitoba between 1980 and 1990 (1993) Chest, 103, pp. 151-157; Sunyer, J., Anto, J.M., Tobias, A., Generational increase of self-reported first attack of asthma in fifteen industrialized countries. European Community Respiratory Health Study (ECRHS) (1999) Eur Respir J, 14, pp. 885-891; Linneberg, A., Nielsen, N.H., Madsen, F., Is the increase in allergic respiratory disease caused by a cohort effect? (2002) Clin Exp Allergy, 32, pp. 1702-1705; Nystad, W., Magnus, P., Gulsvik, A., Changing prevalence of asthma in school children: Evidence for diagnostic changes in asthma in two surveys 13 yrs apart (1997) Eur Respir J, 10, pp. 1046-1051; Burney, P.G., Luczynska, C., Chinn, S., The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1994) Eur Respir J, 7, pp. 954-960; Variations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, self-reported asthma attacks, and use of asthma medication in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1996) Eur Respir J, 9, pp. 687-695; Siersted, H.C., Boldsen, J., Hansen, H.S., Population based study of risk factors for underdiagnosis of asthma in adolescence: Odense schoolchild study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 651-655; Wieringa, M.H., Vermeire, P.A., Brunekreef, B., Increased occurrence of asthma and allergy: Critical appraisal of studies using allergic sensitization, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and lung function measurements (2001) Clin Exp Allergy, 31, pp. 1553-1563; Toren, K., Brisman, J., Jarvholm, B., Asthma and asthma-like symptoms in adults assessed by questionnaires. A literature review (1993) Chest, 104, pp. 600-608; Lange, P., Ulrik, C.S., Vestbo, J., Mortality in adults with self-reported asthma (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1285-1289. , Copenhagen City Heart Study Group; Stewart, W., Brookmyer, R., Van Natta, M., Estimating age incidence from survey data with adjustments for recall errors (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 869-875 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844321309&partnerID=40&md5=4c817c0c71546fbf8e8a7d07cce493f8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental language disorders - A follow-up in later adult life. Cognitive, language and psychosocial outcomes T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 128 EP - 149 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00342.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Clegg, J. AU - Hollis, C. AU - Mawhood, L. AU - Rutter, M. AD - Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, 31 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom AD - University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom AB - Background: Little is known on the adult outcome and longitudinal trajectory of childhood developmental language disorders (DLD) and on the prognostic predictors. Method: Seventeen men with a severe receptive DLD in childhood, reassessed in middle childhood and early adult life, were studied again in their mid-thirties with tests of intelligence (IQ), language, literacy, theory of mind and memory together with assessments of psychosocial outcome. They were compared with the non language disordered siblings of the DLD cohort to control for shared family background, adults matched to the DLD cohort on age and performance IQ (IQM group) and a cohort from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) matched to the DLD cohort on childhood IQ and social class. Results: The DLD men had normal intelligence with higher performance IQ than verbal IQ, a severe and persisting language disorder, severe literacy impairments and significant deficits in theory of mind and phonological processing. Within the DLD cohort higher childhood intelligence and language were associated with superior cognitive and language ability at final adult outcome. In their mid-thirties, the DLD cohort had significantly worse social adaptation (with prolonged unemployment and a paucity of close friendships and love relationships) compared with both their siblings and NCDS controls. Self-reports showed a higher rate of schizotypal features but not affective disorder. Four DLD adults had serious mental health problems (two had developed schizophrenia). Conclusion: A receptive developmental language disorder involves significant deficits in theory of mind, verbal short-term memory and phonological processing, together with substantial social adaptation difficulties and increased risk of psychiatric disorder in adult life. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004. KW - Adult outcome KW - Cognitive profile KW - Developmental language disorder KW - Longitudinal KW - Psychiatric morbidity KW - Psychosocial outcome KW - Schizophrenia KW - Trajectory KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - clinical article KW - cognitive defect KW - controlled study KW - developmental disorder KW - disease severity KW - dyslexia KW - follow up KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - language disability KW - male KW - memory disorder KW - mental disease KW - morbidity KW - outcomes research KW - prediction KW - prognosis KW - reading KW - risk assessment KW - schizophrenia KW - schizotypal personality disorder KW - self report KW - social adaptation KW - social psychology KW - verbal memory KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cognition KW - Comorbidity KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Language Development Disorders KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Social Adjustment N1 - Cited By :275 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPPDA C2 - 15679523 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Clegg, J.; Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, 31 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom; email: j.clegg@sheffield.ac.uk N1 - References: (1994) American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, , 4th edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: Author; Aram, D.H., Ekelman, B.L., Nation, J.E., Preschoolers with language disorders: 10 years later (1984) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, pp. 232-244; Aram, D., Nation, J., Pre-school language disorders and subsequent language and academic difficulties (1980) Journal of Communication Disorders, 13, pp. 159-198; Baddeley, A.D., Emslie, H., Nimmo-Smith, I., (1994) The Doors and People Test: A Test of Visual and Verbal Recall and Recognition, , Bury St Edmonds: Thames Valley Test Company; Baker, L., Cantwell, D.P., Factors associated with the development of psychiatric illness in children with early speech/language problems (1987) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, pp. 499-510; Baker, L., Cantwell, D.P., A prospective follow up of children with speech/language disorders (1987) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, pp. 546-553; Baron-Cohen, S., Joliffe, T., Mortimore, C., Robertson, M., Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from high functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 813-822; Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., Plumb, I., The 'Reading of the Mind in the Eyes' Test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism (2001) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, pp. 241-251; Bartak, L., Rutter, M., Cox, A., A comparative study of infantile autism and specific developmental receptive language disorders. I. The children (1975) British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, pp. 127-145; Beitchman, J.H., Speech and language impairment and psychiatric risk: Towards a model of neurodevelopmental immaturity (1985) Symposium on Child Psychiatry, 8, pp. 721-735; Beitchman, J.H., Brownlie, E.B., Inglis, A., Wild, J., Ferguson, B., Schachter, D., Lancee, W., Mathews, R., Seven-year follow up of speech/language impaired and control children: Psychiatric outcome (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 961-970; Beitchman, J., Cohen, N.J., Konstantareas, M.M., Tannock, R., (1996) Language, Learning and Behavior Disorders: Developmental, Biological and Clinical Perspectives, , (Eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press; Beitchman, J.H., Nair, R., Clegg, M., Ferguson, B., Patel, P.G., Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children with speech and language disorders (1986) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, pp. 528-535; Benton, A.L., Hamsher, K.deS., (1989) Multi-lingual Aphasia Examination, , 2nd edn. Coral Springs, FL: ASA Associates, Inc; Bishop, D.V.M., Adams, C., Conversational characteristics of children with semantic-pragmatic disorders II: What features led to a judgment of inappropriacy? (1989) British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 24, pp. 241-264; Bishop, D.V.M., North, T., Donlan, C., Non-word repetition as a behavioural marker for inherited language impairment: Evidence from a twin study? (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 391-403; Botting, N., Conti-Ramsden, G., Social and behavioural difficulties in children with language impairment (2000) Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 16, pp. 10-21; Bowler, D.M., Theory of mind in Asperger's Syndrome (1992) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, pp. 877-893; Briscoe, J., Bishop, D.V.M., Norbury, C.F., Phonological processing, language and literacy: A comparison of children with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss and those with specific language impairment (2001) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, pp. 318-329; Cantwell, D.P., Baker, L., Psychiatric disorder in children with speech and language retardation (1977) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 583-591; Cantwell, D., Baker, L., Rutter, M., Mawhood, L., Infantile autism and developmental receptive dysphasia: A comparative follow-up into middle childhood (1989) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, pp. 19-32; Charman, T., Campbell, A., Reliability of theory of mind task performance by individuals with a learning disability: A research note (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 725-730; Conti-Ramsden, G., Botting, N., Faragher, B., Psycholinguistic markers for specific language impairment (SLI) (2001) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, pp. 741-748; Conti-Ramsden, G., Botting, N., Simkin, Z., Knox, E., Follow-up of children attending infant language units: Outcomes at 11 years of age (2001) International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 36, pp. 207-220; Conti-Ramsden, G., Knox, E., Botting, N., Simkin, Z., Educational placements and national curriculum key stage 2 test outcomes for children with a history of specific language impairment (2002) British Journal of Special Education, 29, pp. 76-82; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven. The Second Report of the National Child Development Study, , London: Longman in association with the National Children's Bureau; De Villiers, J., (2000) Language and Theory of Mind: What Are the Developmental Relationships, , S. Baron-Cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg & D.J. Cohen (Eds.), Understanding other minds: Perspective from developmental neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Dunn, L.M., Dunn, L.M., Whetton, C., Pintilie, D., (1982) British Picture Vocabulary Scale, , Windsor, England: NFER-Nelson; Eales, M.J., Pragmatic impairments in adults with childhood diagnoses of autism or developmental receptive language disorder (1993) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 23, pp. 593-617; Farmer, M., Language and social cognition in children with specific language impairment (2000) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, pp. 627-636; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , (Ed.). London: National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , London: Macmillan; Fundudis, T., Kolvin, I., Garside, R., (1979) Speech Retarded and Deaf Children: Their Psychological Development, , (Eds.). London: Academic Press; Gardner, M., (1979) Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test, , Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services; Gathercole, S.E., Baddeley, A.D., Phonological memory deficits in language disordered children: Is there a causal connection? (1990) Journal of Memory and Language, 29, pp. 336-360; Gathercole, S.E., Baddeley, A.D., Phonological working memory: A critical building block for reading development and vocabulary acquisition? (1993) European Journal of Psychology of Education, 8, pp. 259-272; Gathercole, S.E., Baddeley, A.D., (1996) Adult Test of Nonword Repetition, , Bristol: University of Bristol; Gray, W., (1967) Gray Oral Reading Tests, , Austin, TX: Pro-ed; Hall, P., Tomblin, J., A follow-up study of children with articulation and language disorders (1978) Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 43, pp. 227-241; Happé, F.G.E., An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters' thoughts and feelings by able autistics, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults (1994) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, pp. 129-154; Heavey, L., Phillips, W., Baron-Cohen, S., Rutter, M., The Awkward Moments test: A naturalistic measure of social understanding in autism (2000) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, pp. 225-236; Howlin, P., Mawhood, L., Rutter, M., Autism and developmental receptive language disorder - A follow up comparison in early adult life, II: Social, behavioural, and psychiatric outcomes (2000) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, pp. 561-578; Howlin, P., Rutter, M., The consequences of language delay for other aspects of development (1987) Language Development and Disorders, , W. Yule & M. Rutter (Eds.), London: Mac Keith Press; Hughes, C., Adlam, A., Happé, F., Jackson, J., Taylor, A., Caspi, A., Good test-retest reliability for standard and advanced false belief tasks across a wide range of abilities (2000) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, pp. 490-583; Johnson, C.J., Beitchman, J.H., Young, A., Escobar, M., Atkinson, L., Wilson, B., Brownlie, E.B., Wang, M., Fourteen-year follow up of children with and without speech/language impairments: Speech/language stability and outcomes (1999) Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 42, pp. 744-760; King, R.R., Jones, C., Lasky, E., In retrospect: A fifteen year follow-up report of speech-language-disordered children (1982) Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 13, pp. 24-32; Kjelgaard, M.M., Tager-Flusberg, H., An investigation of language impairment in autism: Implications for genetic subgroups (2001) Language and Cognitive Processes, 16, pp. 287-308; Letts, C., Leinonen, E., Comprehension of inferential meaning in language-impaired and language normal children (2001) International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 36, pp. 307-328; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., (1999), London: MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., Mild mental retardation: Psychosocial functioning in adulthood (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 351-366; Mawhood, L., Autism and developmental language disorder: Implications from a follow-up in early adult life (1995), PhD thesis, University of London; Mawhood, L., Howlin, P., Rutter, M., Autism and developmental receptive language disorder - A comparative follow up in early adult life. I: Cognitive and language outcomes (2000) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, pp. 547-559; Mayes, L., Klin, A., Tercyak, K.P., Cicchetti, D.V., Cohen, D.J., Test - Retest reliability for false-belief tasks (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 313-319; McBride, J., McNaught, P., (1985) The Edinburgh Reading Test, Stage 3, , London: Hodder & Stoughton; Neale, M., (1958) Neale Analysis of Reading Ability, , England: MacMillan Education Ltd; Ozonoff, S., Pennington, B., Rogers, S., Executive function deficits in high functioning autistic children: Relationship to theory of mind (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1081-1106; Perner, J., Wimmer, H., 'John thinks that Mary thinks that...' Attribution of second-order beliefs by 5-10 year old children (1985) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 39, pp. 437-471; Phillips, W., Newman, N., (1994) Awkward Moments Task, , London: Institute of Psychiatry; Pollitt, A., (1977) The Edinburgh Reading Test. Stages 1, 2 and 4, , London: Hodder & Stoughton; Rabbitt, P., Diggle, P., Smith, D., Holland, F., McInnes, L., Identifying and separating the effects of practice and of cognitive ageing during a large longitudinal study of elderly community residents (2001) Neuropsychologia, 39, pp. 532-543; Raine, A., The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria (1991) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17, pp. 555-564; Reynell, J., (1969) Reynell Developmental Language Scales, , Slough, Bucks: NFER; Richman, N., Stevenson, J.E., Graham, P.J., (1982) Behavioural Development, , London: Academic Press; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the malaise inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., Lord, C., MacDonald, H., Rios, P., Folstein, S., Diagnosis and subclassification of autism: Concepts and instrument development (1988) Diagnosis and Assessment in Autism, , E. Schopler & G. Mesbov (Eds.), New York: Plenum; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longmans; Schonell, F., Schonell, F., (1960) Diagnostic and Attainment Testing, , Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; Stothard, S.E., Snowling, M.J., Bishop, D.V.M., Chipchase, B.B., Kaplan, C.A., Language-impaired preschoolers: A follow-up into adolescence (1998) Journal of Speech and Language Hearing Research, 41, pp. 407-418; Tager-Flusberg, H., Cooper, J., Present and future possibilities for defining a phenotype for specific language impairment (1999) Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 42, pp. 1001-1004; Tomblin, J.B., Freese, P.R., Records, N.L., Diagnosing specific language impairment in adults for the purpose of pedigree analysis (1992) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, pp. 832-843; Wechsler, D., (1949) The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), , New York: The Psychological Corporation; Wechsler, D., (1981) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales - Revised, , New York: Psychological Corporation; Wechsler, D., (1992) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales - Revised UK, , Sidcup: Psychological Corporation; Wechsler, D., (1993) The Wechsler Objective Reading Dimensions, , New York: Psychological Corporation; Wedge, P., The second follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 34-39; Wolfe, T., Want, S.C., Siegal, M., Signposts to development: Theory of mind in deaf children (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 768-778; (1993) Mental Disorders: A Glossary and Guide to Their Classification in Accordance With the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10), , World Health Organisation (WHO). Geneva: World Health Organisation; Ziatus, K., Durkin, K., Pratt, C., Belief term development in children with autism, Asperger syndrome, specific language impairment and normal development: Links to theory of mind development (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 755-763 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15844427405&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.2004.00342.x&partnerID=40&md5=eaff9c5bd144ce762c70c3a7dc0f2e2b ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of 'confounding by indication' in assessing the effect of quality of care on disease outcomes in general practice: Results of a case-control study T2 - BMC Health Services Research J2 - BMC Health Serv. Res. VL - 5 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1186/1472-6963-5-10 SN - 14726963 (ISSN) AU - De Koning, J.S. AU - Klazinga, N.S. AU - Koudstaal, P.J. AU - Prins, A. AU - Borsboom, G.J.J.M. AU - Mackenbach, J.P. AD - Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands AD - Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Netherlands AD - Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Netherlands AB - Background: In quality of care research, limited information is found on the relationship between quality of care and disease outcomes. This case-control study was conducted with the aim to assess the effect of guideline adherence for stroke prevention on the occurrence of stroke in general practice. We report on the problems related to a variant of confounding by indication, that may be common in quality of care studies. Methods: Stroke patients (cases) and controls were recruited from the general practitioner's (GP) patient register, and an expert panel assessed the quality of care of cases and controls using guideline-based review criteria. Results: A total of 86 patients was assessed. Compared to patients without shortcomings in preventive care, patients who received sub-optimal care appeared to have a lower risk of experiencing a stroke (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.53). This result was partly explained by the presence of risk factors (6.1 per cases, 4.4 per control), as reflected by the finding that the OR came much closer to 1.00 after adjustment for the number of risk factors (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.29 to 2.30). Patients with more risk factors for stroke had a lower risk of sub-optimal care (OR for the number of risk factors present 0.76; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.94). This finding represents a variant of 'confounding by indication', which could not be fully adjusted for due to incomplete information on risk factors for stroke. Conclusions: At present, inaccurate recording of patient and risk factor information by GPs seriously limits the potential use of a case-control method to assess the effect of guideline adherence on disease outcome in general practice. We conclude that studies on the effect of quality of care on disease outcomes, like other observational studies of intended treatment effect, should be designed and performed such that confounding by indication is minimized. © 2005 de Koning et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. KW - accuracy KW - adult KW - aged KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - female KW - general practitioner KW - health care KW - health care quality KW - human KW - information processing KW - intermethod comparison KW - male KW - medical information KW - patient compliance KW - practice guideline KW - preventive health service KW - prognosis KW - register KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - sample size KW - statistical model KW - stroke KW - case control study KW - complication KW - epidemiology KW - general practice KW - health behavior KW - health care quality KW - hypertension KW - middle aged KW - Netherlands KW - procedures KW - risk KW - standards KW - statistics and numerical data KW - Stroke KW - treatment outcome KW - very elderly KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Family Practice KW - Female KW - Guideline Adherence KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Netherlands KW - Odds Ratio KW - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Stroke N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus C2 - 15676067 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre RotterdamNetherlands; email: j.s.dekoning@amc.uva.nl N1 - References: Calman, K.C., (1994) Report on Confidential Inquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom 1988-1990, , London, Department of Health; Perinatal mortality: A continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) BMJ, 288, pp. 1717-1720; Macfarlane, A., Perinatal mortality surveys (1984) BMJ, 289, pp. 1473-1474; Wood, B., Catford, J.C., Cogswell, J.J., Confidential paediatric inquiry into neonatal deaths in Wessex, 1981 and 1982 (1984) BMJ, 288, pp. 1206-1208; Lohr, K.N., Sundwall, D.N., Bergman, D., (1990) A Strategy for Quality Assurance. Volume 1 and 2, 1-2. , Washington DC, National Academy; Baker, F., Curbow, B., The case-control study in health program evaluation (1991) Eval Progr Plan, 14, pp. 263-272; MacMahon, S., Collins, R., Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, II: Observational studies (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 455-462; Selby, J.V., Case-control evaluations of treatment and program efficacy (1994) Epidemiol Rev, 16, pp. 90-101; Joffe, M.M., Confounding by indication: The case of calcium channel blockers (2000) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safe, 9, pp. 113-117; Grobbee, D.E., Hoes, A.W., Confounding and indication for treatment in evaluation of drug treatment for hypertension (1997) British Medical Journal, 315, pp. 1151-1154; Weiss, N.S., Application of the case-control method in the evaluation of screening (1994) Epidemiol Rev, 16, pp. 102-108; Hak, E., Verheij, T.J.M., Grobbee, D.E., Nichol, K.L., Hoes, A.W., Confounding by indication in non-experimental evaluation of vaccine effectiveness: The example of prevention of influenza complications (2002) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56, pp. 951-955; Stroke-1989. Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on sroke and other cerebrovascular disorders (1989) Stroke, 20, pp. 1407-1431. , WHO Special Report; Geijer, R.M.M., Burgers, J.S., Van Der Laan, J.R., Wiersma, T.J., Rosmalen, C.F.H., Thomas, S., (1999) NHG-Standaarden Voor de Huisarts (Dutch College of General Practitioners' Guidelines), , Utrecht, NHG; Grol, R., Thomas, S., Roberts, R., Development and implementation of guidelines for family practice: Lessons from the Netherlands (1995) J Fam Pract, 40, pp. 435-439; (1995) Using Clinical Practice Guidelines to Evaluate Quality of Care Volume I and II, 1-2. , (AHCPR Publication no. 95-0045) edition. Rockville, MD; De Koning, J.S., Klazinga, N.S., Koudstaal, P.J., Prins, A., Dippel, D.W., Heeringa, J., Kleyweg, R.P., Mackenbach, J.P., Quality of care in stroke prevention: Results of an audit study among general practitioners (2004) Prev Med, 38, pp. 129-136; Bergman, L., Van Der Meulen, J.H.P., Limburg, M., Habbema, J.D.F., Costs of medical care after first-ever stroke in The Netherlands (1995) Stroke, 26, pp. 1830-1836; Mant, J., Murphy, M., Rose, P., Vessey, M., The accuracy of general practitioner records of smoking and alcohol use: Comparison with patient questionnaires (2000) J Public Health Med, 22, pp. 198-200; Van Drenth, B.B., Hulscher, M.E., Van Der Wouden, J.C., Mokkink, H., Van Weel, C., Grol, R., Relationship between practice organization and cardiovasculair risk factor recording in general practise (1998) Br J Gen Pract, 48, pp. 1054-1058 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14544289602&doi=10.1186%2f1472-6963-5-10&partnerID=40&md5=7518bd76126dfc2ce01ec76599494708 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review T2 - BMC Public Health J2 - BMC Public Health VL - 5 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-5-7 SN - 14712458 (ISSN) AU - Pollitt, R.A. AU - Rose, K.M. AU - Kaufman, J.S. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ. of NC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AB - Background: A relatively consistent body of research supports an inverse graded relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). More recently, researchers have proposed various life course SES hypotheses, which posit that the combination, accumulation, and/or interactions of different environments and experiences throughout life can affect adult risk of CVD. Different life course designs have been utilized to examine the impact of SES throughout the life course. This systematic review describes the four most common life course hypotheses, categorizes the studies that have examined the associations between life course SES and CVD according to their life course design, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the different designs, and summarizes the studies' findings. Methods: This research reviewed 49 observational studies in the biomedical literature that included socioeconomic measures at a time other than adulthood as independent variables, and assessed subclinical CHD, incident CVD morbidity and/or mortality, and/or the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors as their outcomes. Studies were categorized into four groups based upon life course design and analytic approach. The study authors' conclusions and statistical tests were considered in summarizing study results. Results: Study results suggest that low SES throughout the life course modestly impacts CVD risk factors and CVD risk. Specifically, studies reviewed provided moderate support for the role of low early-life SES and elevated levels of CVD risk factors and CVD morbidity and mortality, little support for a unique influence of social mobility on CVD, and consistent support for the detrimental impact of the accumulation of negative SES experiences/conditions across the life course on CVD risk. Conclusions: While the basic life course SES study designs have various methodologic and conceptual limitations, they provide an important approach from which to examine the influence of social factors on CVD development. Some limitations may be addressed through the analysis of study cohorts followed from childhood, the evaluation of CVD risk factors in early and middle adulthood, and the use of multiple SES measures and multiple life course analysis approaches in each life course study. © 2005 Pollitt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. KW - acute heart infarction KW - cardiovascular disease KW - cardiovascular risk KW - clinical research KW - congestive heart failure KW - human KW - medical assessment KW - medical literature KW - prevalence KW - review KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical model KW - stroke KW - systematic review KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - evaluation study KW - life event KW - longitudinal study KW - risk assessment KW - social class KW - social environment KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Humans KW - Life Change Events KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :265 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus C2 - 15661071 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pollitt, R.A.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ. of NC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; email: pollitt@email.unc.edu N1 - References: Aronowitz, R.A., Making Sense of Illness: Science, Society, and Disease (1998) Cambridge History of Medicine, , Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press; Labarthe, D., Causation and prevention of cardiovascular diseases: An overview of the contributions of 20th-century epidemiology (1998) Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Global Challenge, pp. 17-25. , Gaithersburg, Md., Aspen Publishers; Kuh, D., Smith, G.D., The life course and adult chronic disease: An historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 15-41. , Edited by: Kuh D and Ben-Shlomo Y. Oxford, Oxford University Press; Kaplan, G.A., Keil, J.E., Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature (1993) Circulation, 88, pp. 1973-1998; Labarthe, D., Heiss, G., (1998) Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Global Challenge, pp. xix. , Gaithersburg, Md., Aspen Publishers; Lenfant, C., Conference on Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Health and disease (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 2041-2044; Hinkle, L.E.J., Whitney, L.H., Lehman, E.W., Dunn, J., Benjamin, B., King, R., Plakun, A., Flehinger, B., Occupation, education, and coronary heart disease. Risk is influenced more by education and background than by occupational experiences, in the Bell System (1968) Science, 161, pp. 238-246; Stamler, J., Established major coronary risk factors (1992) Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology: From Aetiology to Public Health, pp. 35-66. , Edited by: Marmot M and Elliott P. Oxford, England, Oxford University Press; Marmot, M., Kogevinas, M., Elston, M.A., Social/economic status and disease (1987) Ann Rev Public Health, 8, pp. 111-135; Sorlie, P.D., Backlund, E., Keller, J.B., US mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (1995) Am J Public Health, 85, pp. 949-956; Marmot, M.G., Smith, G.D., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., White, I., Feeney, A., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; Martikainen, P., Makela, P., Koskinen, S., Valkonen, T., Income differences in mortality: A register-based follow-up study of three million men and women (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 1397-1405; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 210-221; Bartley, M., Plewis, I., Does health-selective mobility account for socioeconomic differences in health? Evidence from England and Wales, 1971 to 1991 (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 376-386; Doornbos, G., Kromhout, D., Educational level and mortality in a 32-year follow-up study of 18-year-old men in the Netherlands (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 374-379; Elder, G.H., The life course paradigm: Social change and individual development (1995) Examining Lives in Context: Perspectives on the Ecology of Human Development 1st Edition, pp. xx. , Edited by: Moen P, Elder GH and Lüscher K. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association; Hertzman, C., The lifelong impact of childhood experiences: A population health perspective (1994) Daedalus, 123, pp. 167-180; Kuh, D., Smith, G.D., When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate (1993) Soc Hist Med, 6, pp. 101-123; Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Social pathways between childhood and adult health (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 169-198. , Edited by: Kuh D and Ben-Shlomo Y. Oxford; New York, Oxford University Press; Repetti, R.L., Taylor, S.E., Seeman, T.E., Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring (2002) Psychol Bull, 128, pp. 330-366; Rutter, M., Pathways from childhood to adult life (1989) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 30, pp. 23-51; Smith, G.D., Gunnell, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lifecourse approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific adult mortality (2001) Poverty, Inequality and Health: An International Perspective, pp. 88-124. , Edited by: Leon DA and Walt G. Oxford, Oxford University Press; Bartley, M., Blane, D., Montgomery, S., Health and the life course: Why safety nets matter (1997) Bmj, 314, pp. 1194-1196; Beckett, M., Converging health inequalities in later life - An artifact of mortality selection (2000) J Health Soc Behav, 41, pp. 106-119; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; Halfon, N., Hochstein, M., Life course health development: An integrated framework for developing health, policy, and research (2002) Milbank Q, 80, pp. 433-479; Hertzman, C., Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Using an interactive framework of society and lifecourse to explain self-rated health in early adulthood (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 1575-1585; Stansfeld, S.A., Marmot, M.G., (2002) Stress and the Heart: Psychosocial Pathways to Coronary Heart Disease, pp. xi. , London, BMJ Books; Stern, J., Social mobility and the interpretation of social class mortality differentials (1983) J Soc Policy, 12, pp. 27-49; Blane, D., The life course, the social gradient, and health (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 65-80. , Edited by: Marmot M and Wilkinson RG., Oxford University Press; Forsdahl, A., Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease. The cardiovascular survey in Finnmark 1974-75 (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 34-37; West, P., Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1991) Soc Sci Med, 32, pp. 373-384; Blane, D., Smith, G.D., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Sociology of Health and Illness, 15, pp. 1-15; Smith, G.D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lynch, J., Life course approaches to inequalities in coronary heart disease risk (2002) Stress and the Heart: Psychosocial Pathways to Coronary Heart Disease, pp. 21-49. , Edited by: Stansfeld SA and Marmot MG. London, BMJ Books; Greenland, S., Meta-Analysis (1998) Modern Epidemiology 2nd Edition, pp. xiii. , Edited by: Rothman KJ, Greenland S and Sonis J. Philadelphia, Pa., Lippincott-Raven; Coggon, D., Margetts, B., Barker, D.J., Carson, P.H., Mann, J.S., Oldroyd, K.G., Wickham, C., Childhood risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and stroke (1990) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 4, pp. 464-469; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Kauhanen, J., Wilson, T.W., Smith, N.L., Salonen, J.T., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; Gliksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Colditz, G.A., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Speizer, F.E., Hennekens, C.H., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; Notkola, V., Punsar, S., Karvonen, M.J., Haapakoski, J., Socio-economic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland (1985) Soc Sci Med, 21, pp. 517-523; Lamont, D., Parker, L., White, M., Unwin, N., Bennett, S.M., Cohen, M., Richardson, D., Craft, A.W., Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: Lifecourse study (2000) Bmj, 320, pp. 273-278; Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Blane, D., Inequalities in mortality by social class measured at 3 stages of the lifecourse (1998) Am J Public Health, 88, pp. 471-474; Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age (1990) Bmj, 301, pp. 1121-1123; Smith, G.D., Hart, C., Blane, D., Hole, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) Bmj, 316, pp. 1631-1635; Wamala, S.P., Lynch, J., Kaplan, G.A., Women's exposure to early and later life socioeconomic disadvantage and coronary heart disease risk: The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 275-284; Marmot, M., Shipley, M., Brunner, E., Hemingway, H., Relative contribution of early life and adult socioeconomic factors to adult morbidity in the Whitehall II study (2001) J Epidemiol Community Health, 55, pp. 301-307; Smith, G.D., McCarron, P., Okasha, M., McEwen, J., Social circumstances in childhood and cardiovascular disease mortality: Prospective observational study of Glasgow University students (2001) J Epidemiol Community Health, 55, pp. 340-341; Hasle, H., Association between living conditions in childhood and myocardial infarction (1990) Bmj, 300, pp. 512-513; Burr, M.L., Sweetnam, P.M., Family size and paternal unemployment in relation to myocardial infarction (1980) J Epidemiol Community Health, 34, pp. 93-95; Vagero, D., Leon, D., Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 1224-1225; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Smith, G.D., Hart, C., Life-course socioeconomic and behavioral influences on cardiovascular disease mortality: The collaborative study (2002) Am J Public Health, 92, pp. 1295-1298; Claussen, B., Davey Smith, G., Thelle, D., Impact of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position on cause specific mortality: The Oslo Mortality Study (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 40-45; Frankel, S., Smith, G.D., Gunnell, D., Childhood socioeconomic position and adult cardiovascular mortality: The Boyd Orr Cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 1081-1084; Osler, M., Andersen, A.M.N., Due, P., Lund, R., Damsgaard, M.T., Holstein, B.E., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; Dedman, D.J., Gunnell, D., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Childhood housing conditions and later mortality in the Boyd Orr cohort (2001) J Epidemiol Community Health, 55, pp. 10-15; Robins, J.M., Greenland, S., Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects (1992) Epidemiology, 3, pp. 143-155; Cole, S.R., Hernan, M.A., Fallibility in estimating direct effects (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 163-165; Poole, C., Kaufman, J.S., What does standard adjustment for downstream mediators tell us about social effect pathways? (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 151, pp. S52; Robins, J.M., General methodological considerations (2003) Journal of Econometrics, 112, pp. 89-106; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 809-819; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Soc Sci Med, 45, pp. 761-771; Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Looman, C.W., Mackenbach, J.P., Does childhood socioeconomic status influence adult health through behavioural factors? (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 431-437; Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) Bmj, 313, pp. 1434-1438; Arnesen, E., Forsdahl, A., The Tromso heart study: Coronary risk factors and their association with living conditions during childhood (1985) J Epidemiol Community Health, 39, pp. 210-214; Peck, M.N., The importance of childhood socio-economic group for adult health (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 553-562; Brunner, E., Shipley, M.J., Blane, D., Smith, G.D., Marmot, M.G., When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood (1999) J Epidemiol Community Health, 53, pp. 757-764; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood and insulin resistance: Cross sectional survey using data from British women's heart and health study (2002) BMJ, 325, p. 805; Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Life Course Influences on Insulin Resistance: Findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study (2003) Diabetes Care, 26, pp. 97-103; Parker, L., Lamont, D.W., Unwin, N., Pearce, M.S., Bennett, S.M., Dickinson, H.O., White, M., Craft, A.W., A lifecourse study of risk for hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia and obesity (the central metabolic syndrome) at age 49-51 years (2003) Diabet Med, 20, pp. 406-415; Braddon, F.E., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E., Davies, J.M., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 293, pp. 299-303; Wadsworth, M.E., Cripps, H.A., Midwinter, R.E., Colley, J.R., Blood pressure in a national birth cohort at the age of 36 related to social and familial factors, smoking, and body mass (1985) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 291, pp. 1534-1538; Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Milne, B.J., Thomson, W.M., Taylor, A., Sears, M.R., Moffitt, T.E., Association between children's experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: A life-course study (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1640-1645; Brunner, E., Davey Smith, G., Marmot, M., Canner, R., Beksinska, M., O'Brien, J., Childhood social circumstances and psychosocial and behavioural factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1008-1013; Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Blane, D., Social mobility and 21 year mortality in a cohort of Scottish men (1998) Soc Sci Med, 47, pp. 1121-1130; Kaplan, B.H., Cassel, J.C., Tyroler, H.A., Cornoni, J.C., Kleinbaum, D.G., Hames, C.G., Occupational mobility and coronary heart disease (1971) Arch Intern Med, 128, pp. 938-942; Gillum, R.F., Paffenbarger, R.S.J., Chronic disease in former college students. XVII. Sociocultural mobility as a precursor of coronary heart disease and hypertension (1978) Am J Epidemiol, 108, pp. 289-298; Faresjo, T., Svardsudd, K., Tibblin, G., Social mobility and health in a prospective study of middle-aged men (1994) Scand J Soc Med, 22, pp. 86-89; Pensola, T.H., Martikainen, P., Cumulative social class and mortality from various causes of adult men (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 745-751; Heslop, P., Smith, G.D., Macleod, J., Hart, C., The socioeconomic position of employed women, risk factors and mortality (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 477-485; Smith, G.D., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) Bmj, 314, pp. 547-552; Berkman, L.F., Macintyre, S., The measurement of social class in health studies: Old measures and new formulations (1997) IARC Sci Publ, pp. 51-64; Krieger, N., Williams, D.R., Moss, N.E., Measuring social class in US public health research: Concepts, methodologies, and guidelines (1997) Annu Rev Public Health, 18, pp. 341-378; Liberatos, P., Link, B.G., Kelsey, J.L., The measurement of social class in epidemiology (1988) Epidemiol Rev, 10, pp. 87-121; Phillips, A.N., Smith, G.D., Bias due to measurement imprecision (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 1418-1419; Phillips, A.N., Smith, G.D., How independent are "independent" effects? Relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely (1991) J Clin Epidemiol, 44, pp. 1223-1231; Power, C., Health in Childhood and Social Inequalities in Health in Young Adults (1990) J R Statist Soc A, 153, pp. 17-28; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 6, pp. 81-110; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) Bmj, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Wadsworth, M.E., Kuh, D.J., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work from the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11, pp. 2-20; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, pp. xxxii. , Oxford Oxfordshire; New York, Pergamon Press; Diez Roux, A.V., Merkin, S.S., Hannan, P., Jacobs, D.R., Kiefe, C.I., Area characteristics, individual-level socioeconomic indicators, and smoking in young adults: The coronary artery disease risk development in young adults study (2003) Am J Epidemiol, 157, pp. 315-326; Morland, K., Wing, S., Diez Roux, A., The contextual effect of the local food environment on residents' diets: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study (2002) Am J Public Health, 92, pp. 1761-1767; Diez Roux, A.V., Jacobs, D.R., Kiefe, C.I., Neighborhood characteristics and components of the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study (2002) Diabetes Care, 25, pp. 1976-1982; Wadsworth, M.E., Health inequalities in the life course perspective (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 859-869; Lynch, J., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, R., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic status and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Prospective evidence from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (1997) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 17, pp. 513-519 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644435074&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2458-5-7&partnerID=40&md5=01a16e1e73e46fc77dd9cace0ad68686 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in diet and physical activity in the 1990s in a large British sample (1958 birth cohort) T2 - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 56 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602032 SN - 09543007 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Manor, O. AU - Power, C. AD - Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Public Health/Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Objectives: To investigate whether adults studied in 1991 and 1999 (at ages 33 and 42 y) improved their diet and their physical activity level, in the direction of recommendations issued during the same period. Design: Longitudinal 1958 British birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births, 3rd-9th March, 1958. A minimum of 11 341 participants provided data at 33y, 11 361 at 42 y. Main outcome measures: Frequency of leisure time activity and consumption of (i) fried food, (ii) chips, (iii) wholemeal bread and (iv) fruit and salad/raw vegetables, at 33 and 42 y. Results: Most people changed their physical activity and dietary habits over the 8-y period. About a third of men and women increased, and a third decreased their activity frequency. Findings for fried food consumption were similar. A significantly greater proportion of cohort members decreased their chips consumption (32%), rather than increased it (17%) and increased their fruit and salad consumption (30%), rather than decreased it (25%). In all, 26% of men and 33% of women consistently ate, or switched to eating mostly wholemeal bread, while 56% of men and 48% of women consistently ate less or switched to eating less. Social gradients were seen for activity and diet in 1991, but associations between social factors or body mass index and change in activity or diet were inconsistent. Conclusions: Lifestyle habits such as dietary intake and physical activity are slow to change. Current health promotion strategies may need to be supplemented with additional methods to affect the desired change in these habits. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. KW - Cohort study KW - Diet KW - Physical activity KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - bread KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - dietary intake KW - eating habit KW - feeding behavior KW - female KW - food intake KW - fruit KW - frying KW - health promotion KW - human KW - leisure KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - meal KW - physical activity KW - raw food KW - sex ratio KW - social aspect KW - United Kingdom KW - vegetable KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Food Habits KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Promotion KW - Humans KW - Leisure Activities KW - Male KW - Sex Distribution N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJCNE C2 - 15266307 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parsons, T.J.; Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom; email: t.parsons@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical Data Analysis, , New York: Wiley; A report on activity patterns and fitness levels (1992), Allied Dunbar Health and Fitness Survey London: Sports Council and Health Education Authority; American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults (1990) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 22, pp. 265-274. , American College of Sports Medicine; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; National Food Survey 2000 (2001), http://www.defra.gov.uk/esg/Work_htm/publications/cf/nfs/current/nfs.htm, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs London: The Stationary Office; Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom (1991), Department of Health London: The Stationary Office. Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy; (1992) The Health of the Nation: A Strategy for Health in England, , Department of Health London: The Stationary Office; Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease (1994), Department of Health Report of the cardiovascular review group of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. London: The Stationary Office; More people more active more often (1995) Physical Activity in England: A Consultation Paper, , Department of Health London: The Stationary Office; Nutritional aspects of the development of cancer (1998), Department of Health Report of the working group on diet and cancer of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. London: The Stationary Office; Diet and cardiovascular disease (1984), Department of Health and Social Security Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. Report of the Panel on Diet in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease. London: The Stationary Office; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; The Balance of Good Health (2002), http://www.nutrition.org.uk/information/dietandhealth/balanceddiet.html, Food Standards Agency; Cardiovascular disease '98 (1999), http://www.doh.gov.uk/public/hse98.htm, Health Survey for England London: The Stationary Office; Hillsdon, M., Cavill, N., Nanchahal, K., Diamond, A., White, I.R., National level promotion of physical activity: Results from England's ACTIVE for LIFE campaign (2001) J. Epidemiol.Community Health, 55, pp. 755-761; Introduction to the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (2002), http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds/Documentation/maindocs.htm; Adults aged 19 to 64 years (2002), 1. , http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/science/101717/ndnsdocuments /printedreportpage, National Diet and Nutrition Survey London: The Stationary Office; Osler, M., Heitmann, B.L., Hoidrup, S., Jorgensen, L.M., Schroll, M., Food intake patterns, self rated health and mortality in Danish men and women. A prospective observational study (2001) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 55, pp. 399-403; Pate, R.R., Pratt, M., Blair, S.N., Haskell, W.L., Macera, C.A., Bouchard, C., Buchner, D., Wilmore, J.H., Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine (1995) JAMA, 273, pp. 402-407; (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults London: HMSO; Whichelow, M.J., Changes in dietary habits (1993) The Health and Lifestyle Survey. Seven Years on, pp. 197-220. , ed. BD Cox, FA Huppert & MJ Whichelow, Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company; Whichelow, M.J., Prevost, A.T., Dietary patterns and their associations with demographic, lifestyle and health variables in a random sample of British adults (1996) Br. J. Nutr., 76, pp. 17-30; Willett, W., Nutritional Epidemiology (1998) Modern Epidemiology, pp. 623-642. , ed. KJ Rothman & S Greenland, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12144267940&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ejcn.1602032&partnerID=40&md5=43c78bb6873a062ce57feff04fdfbd13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular identification of simian virus 40 infection in healthy Italian subjects by birth cohort T2 - Molecular Medicine J2 - Mol. Med. VL - 11 IS - 1-12 SP - 48 EP - 51 PY - 2005 DO - 10.2119/2005-00007.Taioli SN - 10761551 (ISSN) AU - Paracchini, V. AU - Garte, S. AU - Pedotti, P. AU - Poli, F. AU - Frison, S. AU - Taioli, E. AD - Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Milano, Italy AD - Genetics Research Institute ONLUS, Milano, Italy AD - Centro Trasfusionale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Milano, Italy AD - Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milano, Italy AB - Simian virus SV40, an oncogenic virus in rodents, was accidentally transmitted to humans through the Poliovirus vaccine during the years 1955 to 1963. If the vaccination program were the major source of human infection, then differences in SV40 infection rates by cohort of birth should be observed. The aim of this study was to address this issue. In 134 healthy Italian Caucasian subjects, 15 DNA samples were positive for SV40 by nested polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. The prevalence of genomic infection did not differ across cohorts of birth from 1924 to 1983, however DNA sequencing revealed viral strain differences in individuals born before 1947 and after 1958. While horizontal transmission following the introduction of the polio vaccine could explain the presence of SV40 DNA in younger people, our results also suggest the possibility that other sources of the virus may also be involved in human SV40 infection. KW - poliomyelitis vaccine KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - DNA determination KW - DNA sequence KW - female KW - gene identification KW - human KW - infection rate KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - Simian virus 40 KW - virus identification KW - virus infection KW - virus strain KW - virus transmission KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cohort Studies KW - DNA, Viral KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Italy KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Polyomavirus Infections KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Simian virus 40 KW - Tumor Virus Infections N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: MOMEE C2 - 16032367 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Taioli, E.; Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milano, Italy; email: taioli@policlinico.mi.it N1 - Chemicals/CAS: DNA, Viral N1 - References: Butel, J.S., Lednicky, J.A., Cell and molecular biology of simian virus 40: Implications for human infections and disease (1999) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 91, pp. 119-134; Strickler, H.D., Trends in US pleural mesothelioma incidence rates following simian virus 40 contamination of early poliovaccines (2003) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 95, pp. 38-45; Shah, K.V., Nathanson, N., Human exposure to SV40: Review and comments (1976) Am. J. Epidemiol., 103, pp. 1-12; Lopez-Rios, F., Illei, P.B., Rusch, V., Ladanyi, M., Evidence against a role for SV40 infection in human mesotheliomas and high risk of false-positive PCR results owing to presence of SV40 sequences in common laboratory plasmids (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 1157-1166; Barbanti-Brodano, G., Simian virus 40 infection in humans and association with human diseases: Results and hypotheses (2004) Virology, 318, pp. 1-9; Shah, K.V., Galloway, D.A., Knowles, W.A., Viscidi, R.P., Simian virus 40 (SV40) and human cancer: A review of the serological data (2004) Rev. Med. Virol., 14, pp. 231-239; Carter, J.J., Lack of serologic evidence for prevalent simian virus 40 infection in humans (2003) J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 95, pp. 1522-1530; David, H., Mendoza, S., Konishi, T., Miller, C.W., Simian virus 40 is present in human lymphomas and normal blood (2001) Cancer Lett., 162, pp. 57-64; Li, R.M., Molecular identification of SV40 infection in human subjects and possible association with kidney disease (2002) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 13, pp. 2320-2330; Martini, F., Simian-virus-40 footprints in human lymphoproliferative disorders of HIV- and HIV+ patients (1998) Int. J. Cancer., 78, pp. 669-674; Martini, F., Different simian virus 40 genomic regions and sequences homologous with SV40 large T antigen in DNA of human brain and bone tumors and of leukocytes from blood donors (2002) Cancer, 94, pp. 1037-1048; Bergsagel, D.J., Finegold, M.J., Butel, J.S., Kupsky, W.J., Garcea, R.L., DNA sequences similar to those of simion virus 40 in ependymomas and choroids plexus tumors of childhood (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 326, pp. 988-993; Vilchez, R.A., Association between simian virus 40 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2002) Lancer, 359, pp. 817-823; Engels, E.A., Absence of simian virus 40 in human brain tumors from northern India (2002) Int. J. Cancer, 101, pp. 348-352; Vilchez, R.A., Butel, J.S., Emergent human pathogen simian virus 40 and its role in cancer (2004) Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 17, pp. 495-508; Gustincich, S., Manfioletti, G., Del Sal, G., Schneider, C., Carninci, P., A fast method for high-quality genomic DNA extraction from whole human blood (1991) Biotechniques, 3, pp. 298-300; Lednicky, J.A., Garcea, R.L., Bersagel, D.J., Butel, J.S., Natural simian virus 40 strains are present in human choroid plexus and ependymoma tumors (1995) Virology, 212, pp. 710-717; Stewart, A.R., Lednicky, J.A., Butel, J.S., Sequence analyses of human tumor-associated SV40 DNAs and SV40 viral isolates from monkeys and humans (1998) J. Neurovirol., 4, pp. 182-193; Lednicky, J.A., Natural isolates of simian virus 40 from immunocompromised monkeys display extensive genetic heterogeneity: New implications for polyomavirus disease (1998) J. Virol., 72, pp. 3980-3990; Butel, J.S., Arrington, A.S., Wong, C., Lednicky, J.A., Finegold, M.J., Molecular evidence of simian virus 40 infections in children (1999) J. Infect. Dis., 180, pp. 884-887; Lednicky, J.A., Butel, J.S., Simian virus 40 regulatory region structural diversity and the association of viral archetypal regulatory regions with human brain tumors (2001) Semin. Cancer Biol., 11, pp. 39-47; Knowles, W.A., Population-based study of antibody to the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV and the simian polyomavirus SV40 (2003) J. Med. Virol., 71, pp. 115-123; Vilchez, R.A., Kozinetz, C.A., Arrington, A.S., Madden, C.R., Butel, J.S., Simian virus 40 in human cancers (2003) Am. J. Med., 114 (8), pp. 675-684; Klein, G., Powers, A., Croce, C., Association of SV40 with human tumors (2002) Oncogene, 21, pp. 1141-1149; A multicenter evoluotion of assays for detection of SV40 DNA and results in masked mesothelioma specimens (2001) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkere Preven., 10, pp. 523-532; Jasani, B., Association of SV40 with human tumours (2001) Semin. Cancer Biol., 11, pp. 49-61; Shivapurkar, N., Presence of simian virus 40 DNA sequences in human lymphomas (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 851-852; Martini, F., Human brain tumors and simian virus 40 (1995) J. Natl. Cancer. Inst., 87, p. 1331; Martini, F., SV40 early region and large T antigen in human brain tumors, peripheral blood cells, and sperm fluids from healthy individuals (1996) Cancer Res., 56, pp. 4820-4825; Carbone, M., Simian virus 40-like DNA sequences in human pleural mesothelioma (1994) Oncogene, 9, pp. 1781-1790; Procopio, A., SV40 expression in human neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues: Perspectives on diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of human malignant mesothelioma (1998) Dev. Biol. Stand., 94, pp. 361-367; Forsman, Z.H., Phylogenetic analysis of polyomavirus simian virus 40 from monkeys and humans reveals genetic variation (2004) J. Virol., 78, pp. 9306-9316; Vastag, B., Sewage yields clues to SV40 transmission (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1337-1341 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646515533&doi=10.2119%2f2005-00007.Taioli&partnerID=40&md5=6ba776740e57d54f4bb5fa45461b9c2d ER - TY - JOUR TI - The lasting impact of childhood health and circumstance T2 - Journal of Health Economics J2 - J. Health Econ. VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 365 EP - 389 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.09.008 SN - 01676296 (ISSN) AU - Case, A. AU - Fertig, A. AU - Paxson, C. AD - Center for Health and Wellbeing, Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States AD - 367 Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, United States AD - Wylie Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States AD - 316 Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States AB - We quantify the lasting effects of childhood health and economic circumstances on adult health, employment and socioeconomic status, using data from a birth cohort that has been followed from birth into middle age. Controlling for parental income, education and social class, children who experience poor health have significantly lower educational attainment, poorer health, and lower social status as adults. Childhood health and circumstance appear to operate both through their impact on initial adult health and economic status, and through a continuing direct effect of prenatal and childhood health in middle age. Overall, our findings suggest more attention be paid to health as a potential mechanism through which intergenerational transmission of economic status takes place: cohort members born into poorer families experienced poorer childhood health, lower investments in human capital and poorer health in early adulthood, all of which are associated with lower earnings in middle age - the years in which they themselves become parents. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Childhood health KW - Life course models KW - NCDS KW - Panel data KW - child health KW - health status KW - medical geography KW - panel data KW - socioeconomic status KW - academic achievement KW - attention KW - capital KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - economic aspect KW - education KW - employment KW - experience KW - family KW - health care KW - health status KW - human KW - investment KW - parent KW - prenatal period KW - review KW - social class KW - socioeconomics PB - Elsevier N1 - Cited By :564 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JHECD C2 - 15721050 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Case, A.; 367 Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, United States; email: accase@princeton.edu N1 - References: Adams, P., Hurd, M.D., McFadden, D., Merrill, A., Ribeiro, T., Healthy, wealthy and wise? Tests for direct causal paths between health and socioeconomic status (2003) Journal of Econometrics, 112 (1), pp. 3-56; Adler, N.E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M.A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R.L., Syme, S.L., Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient (1994) American Psychologist, pp. 15-24; Barker, D.J.P., Fetal origins of coronary heart disease (1995) British Medical Journal, 311 (6998), pp. 171-174; Brunner, E., Blane, S., Smith, D., Marmot, D., When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood (1999) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 53, pp. 757-764; Case, A., Deaton, A., (2003) Broken Down by Work and Sex: How Our Health Declines, , NBER Working Paper 9821, December 2003; Case, A., Lubotsky, D., Paxson, C., Socioeconomic status and health in childhood: The origins of the gradient (2002) American Economic Review, 92 (5), pp. 1308-1334; Case, A., Paxson, C., Mothers and others: Who invests in children's health? (2001) Journal of Health Economics, 20, pp. 301-328; Case, A., Paxson, C., (2004) Sex Differences in Morbidity and Mortality, , http://www.wws.princeton.edu/chw/research/papers.php, Center for Health and Wellbeing Discussion Paper, Princeton University forthcoming Demography; Chandola, T., Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Jenkinson, C., Marmot, M., Health selection in the Whitehall II study, UK (2003) Social Science and Medicine, 56 (10), pp. 2059-2072; Currie, J., Hyson, R., Is the impact of health shocks cushioned by socio-economic status? the case of low birthweight (1999) American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 89 (2), pp. 245-250; Currie, J., Madrian, B., Health, health insurance and the labor market (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, pp. 3309-3407. , O. Ashenfelter D. Card North Holland Amsterdam; Currie, J., Stabile, M., Socioeconomic status and health: Why is the relationship stronger for older children? (2004) American Economic Review, 93 (5), pp. 1813-1823; Gertler, P.J., Boyce, S., (2001) An Experiment in Incentive-based Welfare: The Impact of PROGRESA on Health in Mexico, , Mimeo, 3 April 2001, University of California, Berkeley; Gregg, P., Machin, S., (1998) Child Development and Success or Failure in the Youth Labour Market, , Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper 397, London School of Economics and Political Science; Heckman, J., Statistical models for discrete panel data (1981) Structural Analysis of Discrete Data and Econometric Applications, , C.F. Manski D.L. McFadden The MIT Press Cambridge; Idler, E.L., Kasl, S.V., Self-ratings of health: Do they also predict change in functional ability? (1995) Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 508 (6), pp. 344-S353; (2001) Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction, , National Academy Press Washington; Kuh, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E., Physical health status at 36 years in a British national birth cohort (1993) Social Science and Medicine, 37 (7), pp. 905-916; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death - Specific explanations of a general patterns (1984) The Lancet, 1 (8384), pp. 1003-1006; Marmot, M.G., Smith, G.D., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., White, I., Feeney, A., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) The Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; Marmot, M., Brunner, S., Hemingway, S., Relative contributions of early life and adult socioeconomic factors to adult morbidity in the Whitehall II study (2001) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, pp. 301-307; Ozanne, S.E., Hales, C.N., Catch-up growth and obesity in male mice (2004) Nature, 427, pp. 411-412; Ravelli, A.C.J., Van Der Meulen, J.H.P., Michels, R.P.J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Hales, C.N., Bleker, O.P., Glucose tolerance in adults after prenatal exposure to famine (1998) The Lancet, 351, pp. 173-177; Reville, R.T., (1995) Intertemporal and Life Cycle Variation in Measured Intergenerational Earnings Mobility, , Mimeo, RAND, Santa Monica, CA; Slotkin, T.A., Fetal nicotine or cocaine exposure: Which one is worse? (1998) The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 285 (3), pp. 931-945; Smith, J.P., Healthy bodies and thick wallets: The dual relationship between health and economic status (1999) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13 (2), pp. 145-166; Smith, J.P., (2003) Consequences and Predictors of New Health Events, , NBER Working Paper W10063; Thomas, D., Frankenberg, E., Friedman, J., Habicht, J.-P., Hakimi, M., Jaswadi, Jones, N., Wilopo, S., (2003) Iron Deficiency and the Well-being of Older Adults: Early Results from a Randomized Nutrition Intervention, , Mimeo, May 2003, University of California, Los Angeles; Wu, S., The effects of health events on the economic status of married couples (2003) Journal of Human Resources, 36 (1), pp. 209-230 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844275495&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhealeco.2004.09.008&partnerID=40&md5=820f9e3ee63b6132ff62d5a5a4a8c463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality rates: Adjusting for risk factor profile is essential T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 56 EP - 58 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00625.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Rankin, J. AU - Pearce, M.S. AU - Bell, R. AU - Glinianaia, S.V. AU - Parker, L. AD - Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - Sch. Clin. Med. Sci. (Child Hlth.), University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom AB - Perinatal mortality has long been used as a comparative measure of health and health care across regions, countries and over time. Recently, the validity of the measure has been questioned. Using data from a population-based survey of late fetal losses, stillbirths and infant deaths, the Northern Perinatal Mortality Survey we demonstrate the potential for inaccuracy of crude measures of perinatal mortality. Such measures are generally not adjusted for characteristics of the population (e.g. birthweight, maternal age, plurality, gender) which are known to affect risk of adverse pregnancy outcome when comparing temporal or geographical trends. We also show the effect of standardising for these factors on the most frequent causes of perinatal death. We recommend the construction of a 'standard birth population' for calculating standardised perinatal mortality rates that would improve direct comparisons between populations. KW - child death KW - fetus KW - fetus wastage KW - health care system KW - health survey KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - maternal age KW - perinatal mortality KW - population research KW - review KW - risk factor KW - standardization KW - stillbirth KW - validation process KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Risk Assessment N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 15670110 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rankin, J.; Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; email: j.m.rankin@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Perinatal mortality rates - Time for change? (1991) Lancet, 337, p. 331; Garne, E., Perinatal mortality rates can no longer be used for comparing quality of perinatal health services between countries (2001) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 15, pp. 315-316; Kramer, M.S., Liu, S., Luo, Z., Yuan, H., Platt, R.W., Joseph, K.S., Analysis of perinatal mortality and its components: Time for a change? (2002) American Journal of Epidemiology, 156, pp. 493-497; Botting, B., Dunnell, K., Trends in fertility and contraception in the last quarter of the 20th century (2000) Population Trends, 100, pp. 32-38; Dunn, A., Macfarlane, A., Recent trends in the incidence of multiple births and associated mortality in England and Wales (1996) Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 75, pp. F10-F19; Spencer, N.J., Logan, S., Gill, L., Trends and social patterning of birthweight in Sheffield, 1985-94 (1999) Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 81, pp. F138-F140; Branum, A.M., Schoendorf, K.C., Changing patterns of low birthweight and preterm birth in the United States, 1981-98 (2002) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 16, pp. 8-15; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: Fetal and neonatal factors (1986) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 93, pp. 1213-1223; (2002) Northern RMSO Annual Report 2000, , Newcastle: Regional Maternity Survey Office; Bell, R., Glinianaia, S.V., Rankin, J., Wright, C., Pearce, M.S., Parker, L., Changing patterns of perinatal death 1982-2000: A retrospective cohort study (2004) Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 89, pp. F531-F536; Hertz-Picciotto, I., Is it time to abandon adjustment for birthweight in studies of infant mortality? (2003) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 17, pp. 114-116 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844321267&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.2004.00625.x&partnerID=40&md5=96f33a8d46f9e664b5ad6255c4fe5863 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: The Bogalusa heart study T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 27 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1542/peds.2004-0220 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Freedman, D.S. AU - Khan, L.K. AU - Serdula, M.K. AU - Dietz, W.H. AU - Srinivasan, S.R. AU - Berenson, G.S. AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States AD - Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States AB - Objective. Although many studies have found that childhood levels of body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) are associated with adult levels, it has been reported that childhood BMI is not associated with adult adiposity. We further examined these longitudinal associations. Design. Cohort study based on examinations between 1973 and 1996. Setting. Bogalusa, Louisiana. Participants. Children (2610; ages 2-17 years old) who were followed to ages 18 to 37 years; the mean follow-up was 17.6 years. Main Outcome Measures. BMI-for-age and triceps skinfold thickness (SF) were measured in childhood. Subscapular and triceps SFs were measured among adults, and the mean SF was used as an adiposity index. Adult obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and adult overfat as a mean SF in the upper (gender-specific) quartile. Results. Childhood levels of both BMI and triceps SF were associated with adult levels of BMI and adiposity. The magnitude of these longitudinal associations increased with childhood age, but the BMI levels of even the youngest (ages 2-5 years) children were moderately associated (r = 0.33-0.41) with adult adiposity. Overweight (BMI-for-age ≥ 95th centile) 2- to 5-year-olds were >4 times as likely to become overfat adults (15 of 23 [65%]), as were children with a BMI < 50th centile (30 of 201 [15%]). Even after accounting for the triceps SF of children, BMI-for-age provided additional information on adult adiposity. Conclusions. Childhood BMI is associated with adult adiposity, but it is possible that the magnitude of this association depends on the relative fatness of children. Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. KW - Adult adiposity KW - Body mass index KW - Bogalusa Heart Study KW - Longitudinal study KW - Obesity KW - Skinfolds KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age distribution KW - article KW - body mass KW - child KW - childhood KW - clinical examination KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - human experiment KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - medical information KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - scapula KW - skinfold thickness KW - triceps brachii muscle KW - United States KW - anthropometry KW - body height KW - body weight KW - comparative study KW - preschool child KW - prognosis KW - skinfold thickness KW - Adolescent KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prognosis KW - Skinfold Thickness N1 - Cited By :524 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 15629977 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Freedman, D.S.; Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States; email: dfreedman@cdc.gov N1 - References: Garn, S.M., Leonard, W.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Three limitations of the body mass index (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 996-997; Horlick, M., Body mass index in childhood - Measuring a moving target (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp. 4059-4060; Daniels, S.R., Khoury, P.R., Morrison, J.A., The utility of body mass index as a measure of body fatness in children and adolescents: Differences by race and gender (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 804-807; Lindsay, R.S., Hanson, R.L., Roumain, J., Ravussin, E., Knowler, W.C., Tataranni, P.A., Body mass index as a measure of adiposity in children and adolescents: Relationship to adiposity by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and to cardiovascular risk factors (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp. 4061-4067; Mei, Z., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Pietrobelli, A., Goulding, A., Goran, M.I., Dietz, W.H., Validity of body mass index compared with other bodycomposition screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness in children and adolescents (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 75, pp. 978-985; Taylor, R.W., Falorni, A., Jones, I.E., Goulding, A., Identifying adolescents with high percentage body fat: A comparison of BMI cutoffs using age and stage of pubertal development compared with BMI cutoffs using age alone (2003) Eur J Clin Nutr, 57, pp. 764-769; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; Must, A., Strauss, R.S., Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (2 SUPPL.), pp. S2-S11; Reilly, J.J., Methven, E., McDowell, Z.C., Hacking, B., Alexander, D., Stewart, L., Kelnar, C.J., Health consequences of obesity (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 748-752; Wright, C.M., Parker, L., Lamont, D., Craft, A.W., Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: Findings from thousand families cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1280-1284; Trudeau, F., Shephard, R.J., Bouchard, S., Laurencelle, L., BMI in the Trois-Rivieres study: Child-adult and child-parent relationships (2003) Am J Hum Biol, 15, pp. 187-191; Wells, J.C., Body composition in childhood: Effects of normal growth and disease (2003) Proc Nutr Soc, 62, pp. 521-528; Berenson, G.S., (1980) Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Webber, L.S., Cresanta, J.L., Croft, J.B., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Transitions of cardiovascular risk from adolescence to young adulthood-the Bogalusa Heart Study: II. Alterations in anthropometric blood pressure and serum lipoprotein variables (1986) J Chronic Dis, 39, pp. 91-103; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., CDC growth charts: United States (2000) Adv Data, 314, pp. 1-27; Ogden, C.L., Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: Improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 45-60; Himes, J.H., Dietz, W.H., Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 307-316. , The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services; Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Criteria for definition of overweight in transition: Background and recommendations for the United States (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1074-1081; Harrell Jr., F.E., (2001) Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analyses, pp. 121-146. , New York, NY: Springer; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Hawk, L.J., Brook, C.G., Influence of body fatness in childhood on fatness in adult life (1979) Br Med J, 1 (6157), pp. 151-152; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 283, pp. 13-17; Clarke, W.R., Lauer, R.M., Does childhood obesity track into adulthood? (1993) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 33, pp. 423-430; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Guo, S.S., Wu, W., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 653-658; Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Two-decade follow-up of fatness in early childhood (1985) Am J Dis Child, 139, pp. 181-185; Gasser, T., Ziegler, P., Seifert, B., Molinari, L., Largo, R.H., Prader, A., Prediction of adult skinfolds and body mass from infancy through adolescence (1995) Ann Hum Biol, 22, pp. 217-233; Cronk, C.E., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Kent, R., Longitudinal trends of weight/stature2 in childhood in relationship to adulthood body fat measures (1982) Hum Biol, 54, pp. 751-764; Miller, F.J.W., Knox, E.G., Court, S.D.M., Brandon, S., (1974) The School Years in Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1952-62, pp. 54-66. , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Schaefer, F., Georgi, M., Wuhl, E., Scharer, K., Body mass index and percentage fat mass in healthy German schoolchildren and adolescents (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 461-469; Bray, G.A., DeLany, J.P., Harsha, D.W., Volaufova, J., Champagne, C.C., Evaluation of body fat in fatter and leaner 10-y-old African American and white children: The Baton Rouge Children's Study (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 73, pp. 687-702; Freedman, D.S., Wang, J., Maynard, L.M., Relation of BMI to fat and fat-free mass among children and adolescents (2005) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, p. 29. , In press; Bray, G.A., DeLany, J.P., Volaufova, J., Harsha, D.W., Champagne, C., Prediction of body fat in 12-y-old African American and white children: Evaluation of methods (2002) Am J Clin Nut, 76, pp. 980-990; Kamimura, M.A., Avesani, C.M., Cendoroglo, M., Canziani, M.E., Draibe, S.A., Cuppari, L., Comparison of skinfold thicknesses and bioelectrical impedance analysis with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body fat in patients on long-term haemodialysis therapy (2003) Nephrol Dial Transplant, 18, pp. 101-105; Parker, L., Reilly, J.J., Slater, C., Wells, J.C., Pitsiladis, Y., Validity of six field and laboratory methods for measurement of body composition in boys (2003) Obes Res, 11, pp. 852-858; Ellis, K.J., Human body composition: In vivo methods (2000) Physiol Rev, 80, pp. 649-680; Kushner, R.F., Gudivaka, R., Schoeller, D.A., Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64 (SUPPL.), pp. 423s-427s; Braddon, F.E., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E., Davies, J.M., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 293, pp. 299-303; Freedman, D.S., Khan, L.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2001) Pediatrics, 108, pp. 712-718; Freedman, D.S., Dietz, W.H., Tang, R., The relation of obesity throughout life to carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, pp. 159-166 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16844383293&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2004-0220&partnerID=40&md5=da759b7a439d52aca5403dc6911bc3ad ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic position across the lifecourse: How does it relate to cognitive function in mid-life? T2 - Annals of Epidemiology J2 - Ann. Epidemiol. VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 572 EP - 578 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.10.007 SN - 10472797 (ISSN) AU - Singh-Manoux, A. AU - Richards, M. AU - Marmot, M. AD - International Centre for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom AD - INSERM, Hôpital National de Saint-Maurice, Saint-Maurice Cedex, France AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom AD - INSERM, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, HNSM, 14 rue du Val d'Osne, France AB - PURPOSE: To examine the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) over the lifecourse and cognitive function in middle age. Two alternative models were assessed: the "direct effects model" where temporally distinct measures of SEP have only direct effects on adult cognition, and the "indirect effects" model where the effect of early life SEP are mediated through later life measures of SEP. METHODS: Data are from the Whitehall II study (N = 10,308 at baseline), a longitudinal cohort study of British civil servants, aged between 46 and 68 years at the time of cognitive testing. Structural equation models were used to compare the fit of direct and indirect effects models, and quantify the effects of different measures of SEP on cognition. Childhood SEP, education, and adult SEP were used to model SEP across the lifecourse. Cognitive function was assessed as a latent construct composed of the following: verbal memory, AH 4-I, Mill Hill, phonemic and semantic fluency. RESULTS: The indirect effects model provided a better fit to the data. Childhood SEP had no direct effect on cognitive function but had a substantial "indirect effect," mediated through education and adult SEP. 78.4% of the effect of education in men and 100% in women was indirect. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic differences in adult cognition are a result of the socioeconomic trajectory of individuals throughout their lifecourse. Early measures of SEP influence cognition indirectly, through their influence on later measures of SEP. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Childhood SEP KW - Cognitive Function KW - Direct and Indirect Effects KW - Health Inequalities KW - Lifecourse KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cognition KW - correlation coefficient KW - education KW - female KW - health economics KW - human KW - income KW - male KW - outcome assessment KW - priority journal KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - structural equation modeling PB - Elsevier Inc. N1 - Cited By :51 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ANNPE C2 - 16118001 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Singh-Manoux, A.; INSERM, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, HNSM, 14 rue du Val d'Osne, France; email: A.Singh-Manoux@ucl.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: British Heart Foundation, British Heart Foundation N1 - Funding details: AG13196, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging N1 - Funding details: HL36310, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute N1 - Funding details: Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Executive N1 - Funding details: Medical Research Council, Medical Research Council N1 - Funding details: Health Research Foundation, Health Research Foundation N1 - Funding details: HS06516, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research N1 - Funding details: Department of Health, Department of Health N1 - Funding text: The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Health and Safety Executive; Department of Health; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (AG13196), US, NIH; Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516); and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socioeconomic Status and Health. MM is supported by an MRC Research Professorship. N1 - References: Rowe, D.C., Jacobson, K.C., Van Den Oord, J.C.G., Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ: Parental education as a moderator (1999) Child Dev, 70, pp. 1151-1162; Jefferies, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort (2000) BMJ, 235, pp. 305-308; Sommerfelt, K., Andersson, H.W., Sonnander, K., Ahlsten, G., Ellertsen, B., Markestad, T., Cognitive development of term small for gestational age children at five years of age (2000) Arch Dis Child, 83, pp. 25-30; Holland, C.A., Rabbitt, P., The course and causes of cognitive change with advancing age (1991) Rev Clin Gerontol, 1, pp. 81-96; Katzman, R., Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. 13-20; Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black Report on socioeconomic inequalities 10 years on (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 373-377; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., Whitehead, M., (1992) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, , London, UK: Penguin Books; Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 1121-1123; Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Looman, C.W.N., Mackenbach, J.P., Does childhood socioeconomic status influence adult health through behavioural factors? (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 431-437; Alvarado, B.E., Zunzunegui, M.-V., Del Ser, T., Beland, F., Cognitive decline is related to education and occupation in a Spanish elderly cohort (2002) Aging, 14, pp. 132-142; Kaplan, G.A., Turrell, G., Lynch, J.W., Everson, S.A., Helkala, E.-L., Salonen, J.T., Childhood socioeconomic position and cognitive function in adulthood (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 256-263; Turrell, G., Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Everson, S.A., Helkala, E.-L., Kauhanen, J., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic position across the lifecourse and cognitive function in late middle age (2002) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 57, pp. 43-51; Singh-Manoux, A., Clarke, P., Marmot, M., Multiple measures of socioeconomic position and psychosocial health: Proximal and distal effects (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 1192-1199; Marmot, M.G., Davey Smith, G., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; Heim, A.W., (1970) AH 4 Group Test of General Intelligence, , Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson Publishing Company Ltd; Raven, J.C., (1965) Guide to Using the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale with Progressive Matrices, , London, UK: HK Lewis; Borkowski, J.G., Benton, A.L., Spreen, O., Word fluency and brain damage (1967) Neuropsychologia, 5, pp. 135-140; Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis, , Upper Sadle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc; Arbuckle, J.L., Wothke, W., (1995) Amos 4.0 User's Guide, , Chicago: Small Waters Corp; Mueller, R.O., (1996) Basic Principles of Structural Equation Modeling, , New York: Springer Verlag; Arbuckle, J.L., Full-information estimation in the presence of incomplete data (1996) Advanced Structural Equation Modeling Techniques, pp. 243-277. , Marcoulides GA, Schumacker RE, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Cohen, J., A power primer (1992) Psychol Bull, 112, pp. 155-159; Kaufman, J.S., Cooper, R.S., Seeking causal explanations in social epidemiology (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 113-120; Richards, M., Sacker, A., Lifetime antecedents of cognitive reserve (2003) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 25, pp. 614-624; Cleveland, H.H., Jacobson, K.C., Lipinski, J.J., Rowe, D.C., Genetic and shared environmental contributions to the relationship between the home environment and child and adolescent achievement (2000) Intelligence, 28, pp. 69-86; Bouchard Jr., T.J., McGue, M., Familial studies of intelligence: A review (1981) Science, 212, pp. 1055-1059; Maguire, E.A., Gadian, D.G., Johnsrude, I.S., Good, C.D., Ashbumer, J., Frackowiak, R.S., Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97, pp. 4398-4403; Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Firth, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Understanding social variation in cardiovascular risk factors in women and men: The advantage of theoretically based measures (1999) Soc Sci Med, 49, pp. 831-845; Gallacher, J.E., Elwood, P.C., Hopkinson, C., Rabbitt, P.M.A., Stollery, B.T., Sweetman, P.M., Cognitive function in the Caerphilly study: Associations with age, social class, education, and mood (1999) Eur J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 161-169 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644631468&doi=10.1016%2fj.annepidem.2004.10.007&partnerID=40&md5=e151359349e5950ff77b7423cd41ab94 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity in childhood and vascular changes in adulthood: Insights into the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 29 SP - S101 EP - S104 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803085 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Raitakari, O.T. AU - Juonala, M. AU - Viikari, J.S.A. AD - Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Finland AD - Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland AD - Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland AB - AIMS: Exposure to risk factors in childhood may have long-term influences on vascular structure and function. This paper reviews recent findings from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study looking at the relationships between risk factors identified in childhood, including obesity, and arterial structure/function assessed in adulthood. METHODS: The Young Finns Study is a longitudinal study from childhood to adulthood. The baseline study was carried out in 1980 and included 3.596 children and adolescents aged 3–18 y. Regular follow-up examinations of this cohort have included comprehensive data collection, including obesity indices (body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and skinfolds in childhood), serum lipoproteins, insulin, glucose, blood pressure, family risk, lifestyle factors, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, psychological factors, diet and socioeconomic status. The latest follow-up was carried out in 2001 (N=2283, ages 24–39 y). In addition to the usual protocol, this 21-y follow-up study included ultrasound measurements of carotid artery intima–media thickness (IMT) and carotid artery elasticity. RESULTS: In this cohort, BMI measured in youth is significantly associated with BMI measured in adulthood. The correlation coefficient for 21-y tracking between childhood and adulthood BMI is r=0.45 (P<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, childhood LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, BMI and smoking were all significantly associated with adult IMT. The effects of childhood LDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure remained independently associated with carotid IMT when adjusted for the current risk factor values (P<0.01 for both). However, when adulthood BMI was entered into the model, the effect of childhood BMI became nonsignificant. The age- and sex-adjusted multivariate correlates of carotid artery elasticity included childhood skinfold thickness (sum of biceps, triceps and subscabular) and childhood systolic blood pressure. Childhood systolic blood pressure remained borderline significantly (P=0.08) associated with carotid elasticity when the effect of current blood pressure was taken into account. However, the effect of childhood skinfold thickness on carotid artery elasticity became nonsignificant (P=0.16) when adjusted with adult BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study suggest that obesity indices measured in youth are significantly associated with increased carotid artery IMT and decreased elasticity in adulthood. These relations are, at least, partly explained by significant tracking of obesity from youth to adulthood. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining ideal weight from youth to adulthood in cardiovascular risk reduction. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - Epidemiology KW - Tracking KW - Ultrasound KW - glucose KW - insulin KW - lipoprotein KW - low density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - adolescent KW - arm muscle KW - artery intima KW - artery media KW - article KW - biceps brachii muscle KW - blood pressure KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - cardiovascular risk KW - carotid artery KW - child KW - cholesterol blood level KW - cohort analysis KW - family KW - follow up KW - glucose blood level KW - human KW - information processing KW - insulin blood level KW - lifestyle KW - lipoprotein blood level KW - longitudinal study KW - measurement KW - multivariate analysis KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - physical examination KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - risk reduction KW - skinfold KW - skinfold thickness KW - smoking KW - social status KW - statistical significance KW - systolic blood pressure KW - triceps brachii muscle KW - ultrasound KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Carotid Arteries KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Elasticity KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Obesity KW - Risk Factors KW - Skinfold Thickness KW - Tunica Intima N1 - Cited By :97 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 16385760 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Raitakari, O.T.; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of TurkuFinland; email: olliraitakari@utu.fi N1 - Chemicals/CAS: glucose, 50-99-7, 84778-64-3; insulin, 9004-10-8 N1 - References: McGill, H.C., Jr., McMahan, C.A., Herderick, E.E., Tracy, R.E., Malcom, G.T., Zieske, A.W., Strong, J.P., Effects of coronary heart disease risk factors on atherosclerosis of selected regions of the aorta and right coronary artery. PDAY Research Group (2000) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 20, pp. 836-845; Berenson, G.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Newman, W.P., Tracy, R.E., Wattigney, W.A., Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1998) N Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1650-1656; Åkerblom, H.K., Viikari, J., Uhari, M., Räsänen, L., Byckling, T., Louhivuori, K., Pesonen, E., Lähde, P.L., Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. I. General description of the cross-sectional study of 1980, and an account of the children’s and families’ state of health (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 318, pp. 49-63; Dahlström, S., Viikari, J., Åkerblom, H.K., Solakivi-Jaakkola, T., Uhari, M., Dahl, M., Lahde, P.L., Suoninen, P., Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. II. Height, weight, body mass index, and skinfolds, and their correlation to metabolic variables (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 318, pp. 65-78; Åkerblom, H.K., Viikari, J., Raitakari, O.T., Uhari, M., Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study: General outline and recent developments (1999) Ann Med, 31, pp. 45-54; Viikari, J.S., Niinikoski, H., Juonala, M., Raitakari, O.T., Lagstrom, H., Kaitosaari, T., Ronnemaa, T., Simell, O., Risk factors for coronary heart disease in children and young adults (2004) Acta Paediatr Suppl, 93, pp. 34-42; Juonala, M., Viikari, J.S., Hutri-Kähönen, N., Pietikäinen, M., Jokinen, E., Taittonen, L., Marniemi, J., Raitakari, O.T., The 21-year follow-up of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study: Risk factor levels, secular trends and east–west difference (2004) J Intern Med, 255, pp. 457-468; Raitakari, O.T., Juonala, M., Kähönen, M., Taittonen, L., Laitinen, T., Mäki-Torkko, N., Järvisalo, M.J., Kerblom, Å., HK, Viikari JSA. Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and carotid artery intima–media thickness in adulthoodFThe Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 2277-2283; Juonala, M., Järvisalo, M.J., Mäki-Torkko, N., Kähönen, M., Viikari, J., Raitakari, O.T., Risk factors identified in childhood and decreased carotid artery elasticity in adulthood The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Circulation; Raitakari, O.T., Imaging of subclinical atherosclerosis in children and young adults (1999) Ann Med, 31, pp. 33-40; O’Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Intima–media thickness: A tool for atherosclerosis imaging and event prediction (2002) Am J Cardiol, 90, pp. 18L-21L; Blacher, J., Pannier, B., Guerin, A.P., Marchais, S.J., Safar, M.E., London, G.M., Carotid arterial stiffness as a predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in end-stage renal disease (1998) Hypertension, 32, pp. 570-574; Raitakari, O.T., Porkka, K.V., Rönnemaa, T., Knip, M., Uhari, M., Å, K.H., Viikari, J.S., The role of insulin in clustering of serum lipids and blood pressure in children and adolescents. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (1995) Diabetologia, 38, pp. 1042-1050; Chen, W., Bao, W., Begum, S., Elkasabany, A., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Age-related patterns of the clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood in a population made up of black and white subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2000) Diabetes, 49, pp. 1042-1048; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922–1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S.J., Nanchahal, K., Peters, T.J., Davey, S.G., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 1111-1118; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Oren, A., Vos, L.E., Uiterwaal, C.S., Gorissen, W.H., Grobbee, D.E., Bots, M.L., Change in body mass index from adolescence to young adulthood and increased carotid intima–media thickness at 28 years of age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults study (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1383-1390; Mahoney, L.T., Burns, T.L., Stanford, W., Thompson, B.H., Witt, J.D., Rost, C.A., Lauer, R.M., Coronary risk factors measured in childhood and young adult life are associated with coronary artery calcification in young adults: The Muscatine Study (1996) J am Coll Cardiol, 27, pp. 277-284; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Freedman, D.S., Dietz, W.H., Tang, R., Mensah, G.A., Bond, M.G., Urbina, E.M., Srinivasan, S., Berenson, G.S., The relation of obesity throughout life to carotid intima–media thickness in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, pp. 159-166; Young, J.B., Effect of experimental hyperinsulinemia on sympathetic nervous system activity in the rat (1988) Life Sci, 43, pp. 193-200; Keaney, J.F., Jr., Larson, M.G., Vasan, R.S., Wilson, P.W., Lipinska, I., Corey, D., Massaro, J.M., Benjamin, E.J., Obesity and systemic oxidative stress: Clinical correlates of oxidative stress in the Framingham Study (2003) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23, pp. 434-439; Wisse, B.E., The inflammatory syndrome: The role of adipose tissue cytokines in metabolic disorders linked to obesity (2004) J am Soc Nephrol, 15, pp. 2792-2800 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644972760&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0803085&partnerID=40&md5=e4ce183fa97ed03f6efffbf15446cfbe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal complications in a population cohort of women with schizophrenia and major affective disorders T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Am. J. Psychiatry VL - 162 IS - 1 SP - 79 EP - 91 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.79 SN - 0002953X (ISSN) AU - Jablensky, A.V. AU - Morgan, V. AU - Zubrick, S.R. AU - Bower, C. AU - Yellachich, L.-A. AD - Ctr. Clin. Res. in Neuropsychiat., Sch. Psychiat. and Clin. Neurosci., University of Western Australia, 50 Murray St., Perth, WA 6000, Australia AB - Objective: This study ascertained the incidence of complications during pregnancy, labor, and delivery and the neonatal characteristics of infants born to women with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression in a population-based cohort. Method: Based on records linkage across a psychiatric case register and prospectively recorded obstetric data, the study comprised women with schizophrenia or major affective disorders who had given birth to 3,174 children during 1980-1992 in Western Australia. A comparison sample of 3,129 births to women without a psychiatric diagnosis was randomly selected from women giving birth during 1980-1992. Complications were scored with the McNeil-Sjöström Scale. Odds ratios were calculated for specific reproductive events. Results: Both schizophrenic and affective disorder patients had increased risks of pregnancy, birth, and neonatal complications, including placental abnormalities, antepartum hemorrhages, and fetal distress. Women with schizophrenia were significantly more likely to have placental abruption, to give birth to infants in the lowest weight/growth population decile, and to have children with cardiovascular congenital anomalies. Neonatal complications were significantly more likely to occur in winter; low birth weight peaked in spring. Complications other than low birth weight and congenital anomalies were higher in pregnancies after psychiatric illness than in pregnancies preceding the diagnosis. Conclusions: While genetic liability and gene-environment interactions may account for some outcomes, maternal risk factors and biological and behavioral concomitants of severe mental illness appear to be major determinants of increases in reproductive pathology in this cohort. Risk reduction in these vulnerable groups may be achievable through antenatal and postnatal interventions. KW - adult KW - antepartum hemorrhage KW - article KW - Australia KW - bipolar disorder KW - cardiovascular malformation KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - delivery KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - fetus distress KW - heredity KW - human KW - human experiment KW - incidence KW - low birth weight KW - major affective disorder KW - major depression KW - medical record KW - mental disease KW - newborn disease KW - obstetrics KW - placenta disorder KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - psychiatry KW - register KW - risk factor KW - risk reduction KW - schizophrenia KW - scoring system KW - solutio placentae KW - spring KW - winter KW - Abnormalities KW - Bipolar Disorder KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comorbidity KW - Depressive Disorder, Major KW - Female KW - Fetal Distress KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Obstetric Labor Complications KW - Oceanic Ancestry Group KW - Placenta Diseases KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Prospective Studies KW - Schizophrenia KW - Seasons KW - Western Australia N1 - Cited By :264 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPSA C2 - 15625205 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jablensky, A.V.; Ctr. Clin. Res. in Neuropsychiat., Sch. Psychiat. and Clin. Neurosci., University of Western Australia, 50 Murray St., Perth, WA 6000, Australia; email: assen@cyllene.uwa.edu.au N1 - References: Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Heun, R., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: An international collaborative metaanalysis of individual patient data (1997) Am J Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Cannon, M., Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: Historical and meta-analytic review (2002) Am J Psychiatry, 159, pp. 1080-1092; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) Br Med J, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Byrne, M., Browne, R., Mulryan, N., Scully, A., Morris, M., Kinsella, A., Takei, N., O'Callaghan, E., Labour and delivery complications in schizophrenia (2000) Br J Psychiatry, 176, pp. 531-536; Kendell, R.E., McInneny, K., Juszczak, E., Bain, M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia (2000) Br J Psychiatry, 176, pp. 516-522; Cannon, T.D., Rosso, I.M., Hollister, J.M., Bearden, C.E., Sanchez, L.E., Hadley, T., A prospective cohort study of genetic and perinatal influences in the etiology of schizophrenia (2000) Schizophr Bull, 26, pp. 351-366; Rosenthal, D., The offspring of schizophrenic couples (1966) J Psychiatr Res, 4, pp. 169-188; Gottesman, I.I., McGuffin, P., Farmer, A.E., Clinical genetics as clues to the "real" genetics of schizophrenia (a decade of modest gains while playing for time) (1987) Schizophr Bull, 13, pp. 23-47; Sobel, D.E., Infant mortality and malformations in children of schizophrenic women (1961) Psychiatr Q, 35, pp. 60-65; Rieder, R.O., Rosenthal, D., Wender, P., Blumenthal, H., The offspring of schizophrenics: Fetal and neonatal deaths (1975) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 32, pp. 200-211; Modrzewska, K., The offspring of schizophrenic parents in a North Swedish isolate (1980) Clin Genet, 17, pp. 191-201; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Obstetric complications in children born to parents with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of case-control studies (1996) Psychol Med, 26, pp. 279-287; Bennedsen, B.E., Mortensen, P.B., Olesen, A.V., Henriksen, T.B., Preterm birth and intra-uterine growth retardation among children of women with schizophrenia (1999) Br J Psychiatry, 175, pp. 239-245; Bennedsen, B.E., Mortensen, P.B., Olesen, A.V., Henriksen, T.B., Frydenberg, M., Obstetric complications in women with schizophrenia (2001) Schizophr Res, 47, pp. 167-175; Bennedsen, B.R., Mortensen, P.B., Olesen, A.V., Henriksen, T.B., Congenital malformations, stillbirths, and infant deaths among children of women with schizophrenia (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 674-679; Nilsson, E., Lichtenstein, P., Cnattingius, S., Murray, R.M., Hultman, C.M., Women with schizophrenia: Pregnancy outcome and infant death among their offspring (2002) Schizophr Res, 58, pp. 221-229; Pasamanick, B., Knobloch, H., Brain damage and reproductive casualty (1956) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 112, pp. 613-618; Lapalme, M., Hodgins, S., LaRoche, C., Children of parents with bipolar disorder: A metaanalysis of risk for mental disorders (1997) Can J Psychiatry, 42, pp. 623-631; Stanley, F.J., Croft, M.L., Gibbins, J., Read, A.W., A population database for maternal and child health research in Western Australia using record linkage (1994) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 8, pp. 433-447; Holman, C.D., Bass, A.J., Rouse, I., Hobbs, M., Population-based linkage of health records in Western Australia: Development of a health services research linked database (1999) Aust NZ J Publ Health, 23, pp. 453-459; (2000) OECD Health Data 2000, , Comparative Analysis of 29 Countries. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2000 (CD-ROM Version, July 15); Edwards, R.W., Madden, R., (2001) The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2001: Catalogue Number 4704.0, , Canberra, Australian Bureau of Statistics; Jaro, M.A., (1994) Automatch: Generalized Record Linkage System, Version 2.9c, , Burtonsville, Md, Matchware Technologies; Stanley, F., Read, A., Kurinczuk, J., Croft, M., Bower, C., A population maternal and child health research database for research and policy evaluation in Western Australia (1997) Semin Neonatol, 2, pp. 195-201; (1998) Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas: Catalogue Number 2039.0, , 1996 Census of Population and Housing: Canberra, Australian Bureau of Statistics; McGuffin, P., Farmer, A., Harvey, I., A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in studies of psychotic illness: Development and reliability of the OPCRIT system (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48, pp. 764-770; McNeil, T., Cantor-Graae, E., Sjöström, K., Obstetric complications as antecedents of schizophrenia: Empirical effects of using different obstetric complication scales (1994) J Psychiatr Res, 28, pp. 519-530; Liang, K.Y., Zeger, S.L., Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models (1986) Biometrika, 73, pp. 13-22; Blair, E., The undesirable consequences of controlling for birth weight in perinatal epidemiological studies (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 559-563; Windham, G.C., Eaton, A., Hopkins, B., Evidence for an association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and birthweight: A meta-analysis and new data (1999) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 13, pp. 35-57; Jablensky, A., McGrath, J., Herrman, H., Castle, D., Gureje, O., Evans, M., Carr, V., Harvey, C., Psychotic disorders in urban areas: An overview of the Study on Low Prevalence Disorders (2000) Aust NZ J Psychiatry, 34, pp. 221-236; Torrey, E.F., Miller, J., Rawlings, R., Yolken, R.H., Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A review of the literature (1997) Schizophr Res, 28, pp. 1-38; Morgan, V.A., Jablensky, A.V., Castle, D.J., Season of birth in schizophrenia and affective psychoses in Western Australia 1916-61 (2001) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 104, pp. 138-147; Kinney, D.K., Levy, D.L., Yurgelun-Todd, D.A., Medoff, D., LaJonchere, C.M., Radford-Paregol, M., Season of birth and obstetrical complications in schizophrenics (1994) J Psychiatr Res, 28, pp. 499-509; McNeil, T.F., Perinatal risk factors and schizophrenia: Selective review and methodological concerns (1995) Epidemiol Rev, 17, pp. 107-112; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.-L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort (1998) Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Zornberg, G.L., Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Hypoxic-ischemia-related fetal/neonatal complications and risk of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses: A 19-year longitudinal study (2000) Am J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 196-202; Rosso, I.M., Cannon, T.D., Huttunen, T., Huttunen, M.O., Lönnqvist, J., Gasperoni, T.L., Obstetric risk factors for early-onset schizophrenia in a Finnish birth cohort (2000) Am J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 801-807; Dalman, C., Thomas, H.V., David, A.S., Gentz, J., Lewis, G., Allebeck, P., Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia: Population-based case-control study (2001) Br J Psychiatry, 179, pp. 403-408; Mitchell, S.C., Korones, S.B., Berendes, H.W., Congenital heart disease in 56,109 births: Incidence and natural history (1971) Circulation, 43, pp. 323-332; Nguyen, M., Camenisch, T., Snouwaert, J.N., Hicks, E., Coffman, T.M., Anderson, P.A.W., Malouf, N.N., Koller, B.H., The prostaglandin receptor EP41 riggers remodelling of the cardiovascular system at birth (1997) Nature, 390, pp. 78-81; Fabrikant, S., Jansen, B., Hallmayer, J., Brett, A., Johnston, J., Jablensky, A., The niacin skin-flush response in patients with schizophrenia, unaffected first degree relatives and controls (2003) Phospholipid Spectrum Disorders in Psychiatry and Neurology, 2nd Ed., pp. 333-340. , Edited by Peet M, Glen I, Horrobin D. Carnforth, UK, Marius Press; Messamore, E., Relationship between the niacin skin flush response and essential fatty acids in schizophrenia (2003) Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 69, pp. 413-419; Pulver, A.E., Nestadt, G., Goldberg, R., Shprintzen, R.J., Lamacz, M., Wolyniec, P.S., Morrow, B., Kucherlapati, R., Psychotic illness in patients diagnosed with velo-cardio-facial syndrome and their relatives (1994) J Nerv Ment Dis, 182, pp. 476-478; Liu, H., Heath, S.C., Sobin, C., Roos, J.L., Galke, B.L., Blundell, M.L., Lenane, M., Karagiyorgou, M., Genetic variation at the 22q11 PRODH2/DGCR6 locus presents an unusual pattern and increases susceptibility to schizophrenia (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99, pp. 3717-3722; Mohl, W., Mayr, W.R., Atrial septal defect of the secundum type and HLA (1977) Tissue Antigens, 10, pp. 121-122; Schwab, S.G., Mondabon, S., Knapp, M., Albus, M., Hallmayer, J., Borrmann-Hassenbach, M., Trixler, M., Wildenauer, D.B., Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene-G308A polymorphism with schizophrenia (2003) Schizophr Res, 65, pp. 19-25; Basso, O., Olsen, J., Christensen, K., Low birthweight and prematurity in relation to paternal factors: A study of recurrence (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, pp. 695-700; Kendell, R.E., Boyd, J.H., Grossmith, V.L., Bain, M., Seasonal fluctuation in birthweight in schizophrenia (2002) Schizophr Res, 57, pp. 157-164; Urakubo, A., Jarskog, L.F., Lieberman, J.A., Gilmore, J.H., Prenatal exposure to maternal infection alters cytokine expression in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal brain (2001) Schizophr Res, 47, pp. 27-36; Wright, P., Nimgaonkar, V.L., Donaldson, P.T., Murray, R.M., Schizophrenia and HLA: A review (2001) Schizophr Res, 47, pp. 1-12 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11844256924&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ajp.162.1.79&partnerID=40&md5=d29112c601b8b0599db3e50a53af3fe9 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Children of the 21st century: From birth to nine months T2 - Children of the 21st Century: From Birth to Nine Months J2 - Children of the 21st Century: From Birth to Nine Months SP - 1 EP - 282 PY - 2005 SN - 9781847421418 (ISBN); 9781861346889 (ISBN) AU - Dex, S. AU - Joshi, H. AD - Bedford Group, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom AB - This book documents the early lives of almost 19,000 children born in the UK at the start of the 21st century, and their families. It is the first time that analysis of data from the hugely important Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal study following the progress of the children and their families, has been drawn together in a single volume. The unrivalled data is examined here to address important policy and scientific issues. The book is also the first in a series of publications that will report on the children’s lives at different stages of their development. The fascinating range of findings presented here is strengthened by comparison with data on earlier generations. This has enabled the authors to assess the impact of a wide range of policies on the life courses of a new generation, including policies on child health, parenting, childcare and social exclusion. Babies of the new millennium (title tbc) is the product of an exciting collaboration from experts across a wide range of health and social science fields. The result is a unique and authoritative analysis of family life and early childhood in the UK that cuts across old disciplinary boundaries. It is essential reading for academics, students and researchers in the health and social sciences. It will also be a useful resource for policy makers and practitioners who are interested in childhood, child development, child poverty, child health, childcare and family policy. © Shirley Dex and Heather Joshi 2005. PB - Policy Press N1 - Cited By :72 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Book DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Acheson, D., (1998) Independent inquiry into inequalities in health report, , London: The Stationery Office; Allen, I., Bourke-Dowling, S., (1998) Teenage mothers: Decisions and outcomes, , London: Policy Studies Institute; Amato, P.R., Sobolewski, J.M., The effects of divorce and marital discord on adult children’s psychological well-being (2001) American Sociological Review, 66 (6), pp. 900-921. , December; Aveyard, P., Cheng, K.K., Manaseki, S., Gardosi, J., The risk of preterm delivery in women from different ethnic groups (2002) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 109 (8), pp. 894-899; Bach, J.F., The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases (2002) New England Journal of Medicine, 347, pp. 911-920; Baines, S., Wheelock, J., Gelder, U., (2003) Riding the rollercoaster: Family life and self employment, , Bristol: The Policy Press; Bartington, S.E., Foster, L.J., Tate, A.R., Dezateux, C., (2005) Evaluation of the UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative for promotion of breastfeeding: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study, , submitted for publication; Bates, E., O’Connell, B., Shore, C., Language and communication in infancy (1987) Handbook of infant development, , J.D. Osofsky (ed.), 2nd edn, New York: Wiley; Baxter Jones, A.D.G., Cardy, A.H., Helms, P.J., Phillips, D.O., Smith, W.C.S., Influence of socioeconomic conditions on growth in infancy: The 1921 Aberdeen birth cohort (1999) Archives of Diseases of Children, 81 (1), pp. 5-9; Becker, G.S., (1975) Human capital, , Washington DC: National Bureau of Economic Research; Bee, H., (1994) Lifespan development, , Boston: Allyn & Bacon; Bell, A., La Valle, I., (2003) Combining self-employment and family life, , Bristol: The Policy Press; Beresford, B., Children’s health (2002) The wellbeing of children in the UK, , J. Bradshaw (ed.), London: Save the Children; Berrington, A., Perpetual postponers? Women’s, men’s and couple’s fertility intentions and subsequent fertility behaviour (2004) Population Trends, 117, pp. 9-19; Berthoud, R., Teenage births to ethnic minority women (2001) Population Trends, 104, pp. 12-17; Berthoud, R., (2001) Family formation in multi-cultural Britain: Three patterns of diversity, , University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research; Berthoud, R., Ethnic minority children and their grandparents (2003) Kinship and relationships beyond the household, , paper given at a meeting, London: Royal Statistical Society, 4 February; Blair, P.S., Fleming, P.J., Bensley, D., Smith, I., Bacon, C., Taylor, E., Berry, J., Tripp, J., Smoking and the sudden infant death syndrome: Results from 1993-95 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 195-198; Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J.-C., (1977) La reproduction, , Paris: Les èditions de minuit; Bowling, A., The most important things in life: Comparisons between older and younger population age groups by gender (1995) International Journal of Health Sciences, 6, pp. 169-175; Bradshaw, J., (2001) Poverty: The outcomes for children, , London: FPSC/ESRC; Bradshaw, J., Finch, N., Overlaps in dimensions of poverty (2003) Journal of Social Policy, 32 (4), pp. 513-525; Bradshaw, J., Stimson, C., Skinner, C., Williams, J., (1999) Absent fathers?, , London: Routledge; Brannen, J., Moss, P., Mooney, A., Care-giving and independence in four-generation families (2003) Re-thinking children’s care, , J. Brannen and P. Moss, Buckingham: Open University Press; Brassett-Grundy, A., Butler, N.R., Joshi, H., (2004) Millennium Cohort Study Health Visitor Survey: Interim report, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/studies.asp?section=00010002000100140003, London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Braun, D., Perspectives on parenting (2001) Children in society: Contemporary theory, policy and practice, , P. Foley., J. Roche and S. Tucker (eds), Hampshire: Palgrave; (2004) Smoking and reproductive life: The impact of smoking on sexual, reproductive and child health, , London: British Medical Association, Board of Science and Education and Tobacco Control Resource Centre; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Brown, J.C., Small, S., (1985) Family income support, part 9: Maternity benefits, , London: Policy Studies Institute; Burghes, L., Clarke, L., Cronin, N., (1997) Fathers and fatherhood in Britain, , Occasional paper no 23, London: Family Policy Studies Centre; Bushnell, E., Boudreau, J., Motor development and the mind: The potential role of motor abilities as a determinant of aspects of perceptual development (1993) Child Development, 64, pp. 1005-1021; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal mortality: The first report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh and London: E & S Livingstone; (1999) Teenage pregnancy, , http://www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk, Cm 4342; Campbell, D., Hall, M., Barker, D., Cross, J., Shiell, A., Godfrey, K., Diet in pregnancy and the offspring’s blood pressure 40 years later (1996) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 103, pp. 273-280; Campbell, R., Macfarlane, A., (1994) Where to be born? The debate and the evidence, , 2nd edn, Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; Carnegie, (1994) Starting points: Meeting the needs of our youngest children: Report of the Carnegie Task Force on meeting the needs of young children, , New York: Carnegie Corporation; Chahal, K., (2000) Ethnic diversity, neighbourhoods and housing, , www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/foundations/110.asp, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Chalmers, I., The implications of the current debate on obstetric practice (1978) The place of birth, , S. Kitzinger and J.A. Davis (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British births 1970, vol 1: The first week of life, , London: William Heinemann; Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Howlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British births 1970, vol 2: Obstetric care, , London: William Heinemann; Cochrane, A.L., (1972) Effectiveness and efficiency: Random reflections on the health service, , London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust; Coleman, J.S., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 95-120; (2004) Why mothers die 2000-02. The sixth report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom, , London, RCOG Press; Conger, R.D., Conger, K.J., Elder, G.H., Lorenz, F.O., Simons, R.L., Whitbeck, L.B., Family economic stress and adjustment of early adolescent girls (1993) Developmental Psychology, 29, pp. 206-219; Cook, D.G., Strachan, D.P., Health effects of passive smoking: Summary of effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children and implications for research (1999) Thorax, 54, pp. 357-366; Corcoran, M., Rags to rags: Poverty and mobility in the United States (1995) Annual Review of Sociology, 21, pp. 237-267; Cossette, L., Malcuit, G., Pomerleau, A., Sex differences in motor activity during early infancy (1991) Infant behavior and development, 14, pp. 175-186; Cully, M., Woodland, S., O’Reilly, A., Dix, G., (1999) Britain at work: As depicted by the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey, , London: Routledge; Dale, A., Egerton, M., (1997) Highly educated women: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , Research Studies RS25, Department for Education and Employment, London: The Stationery Office; (2002) National Food Survey 2000, , DEFRA, National Statistics; Den Ouden, L., Rijken, M., Brand, R., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Ruys, J.H., Is it correct to correct: Developmental milestones in 555 “normal” preterm infants compared with term infants (1991) Journal of Paediatrics, 118, pp. 399-404; Dench, G., Ogg, J., (2002) Grandparenting in Britain, , London: Institute of Community Studies; Dex, S., (1999) Families and the labour market, , London: Family Policy Studies Centre and Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Dex, S., (2003) Families and work in the twenty-first century, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Dex, S., Joshi, H., A widening gulf among Britain’s mothers (1996) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12 (1), pp. 65-75; Dex, S., Joshi, H., (2004) Millennium Cohort Study First Survey: A user’s guide to initial findings, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Dex, S., Smith, C., (2002) The nature and patterns of family-friendly employment policies in Britain, , Bristol: The Policy Press for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Dex, S., Gustafsson, S., Callan, T., Smith, N., Cross-national comparisons of the labour force participation of women married to unemployed men (1995) Oxford Economic Papers, 47, pp. 611-635; (2004) National service framework for children, young people and maternity, standard 11, maternity, , London: Department of Health; (1993) Changing childbirth. Report of the Expert Maternity Group, , London: The Stationery Office; (1998) Saving lives: Our healthier nation, , London: The Stationery Office; (1999) Reducing health inequalities: An action report. Our Healthier Nation, , London: The Stationery Office; (2002) Improvement, expansion and reform the next 3 years. Priorities and planning framework 2003-06, , London: Department of Health; (2002) NHS maternity statistics, England, 1998-99 to 2000-01, Statistical Bulletin 2002/11, , London: Department of Health; (2003) NHS maternity statistics, England 2001-02, , Bulletin 2003/09, London: Department of Health; (2004) Choosing health: Making healthier choices easier, , London: The Stationery Office; (1993) Memorandum of understanding between the National Breastfeeding Working Group and the UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative, , London: Department of Health and UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative; (1996) Health and wellbeing: Into the next millennium. Regional strategy for health and social wellbeing, 1997-2002, , Belfast: Department of Health and Social Services; Diekmann, A., Engelhardt, H., The social inheritance of divorce: Effects of parent’s family type in post war Germany (1999) American Sociological Review, 64 (6), pp. 783-793. , December; Dobson, B., Beardsworth, A., Keil, T., Walker, R., (1994) Diet, choice and poverty: Social, cultural and nutritional aspects of food consumption among low income families, , Loughborough: Loughborough University of Technology, Centre for Research in Social Policy; Dowler, E., Calvert, C., (1995) Nutrition and diet in lone-parent families in London, , London: Family Policy Studies Centre; D’Souza, L., Turner, A., Garcia, J., (2002) Access to care for very disadvantaged childbearing women: Report of a descriptive survey of services for women from non-English speaking backgrounds, asylum seekers and women at risk from domestic violence, , www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/inequalities, Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; (2000) Work and parents: Competitiveness and choice: A research review, , London: DTI; (2003) 24th annual report of the Home and Leisure Accident Surveillance System (HASS) 2000-02, , London: Department of Trade and Industry; Duncan, G.D., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of growing up poor, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Dunscombe, J., Marsden, D., Love and intimacy: The gender division of emotion and “emotion work” (1993) Sociology, 27 (2), pp. 221-242; (2000) Households below average income, an analysis of the income distribution from 1994/95-2000/01, , Leeds: Department for Work and Pensions; (2003) Opportunity for all: Fifth annual report, , Cm 5956, London: Department for Work and Pensions; (2003) Households below average income 1994/95-2001/02, , www.dwp.gov.uk/asd/hbai/hbai2002/pdfs/Chapter_4.pdf, Leeds, Corporate Document Services; Elder, G., Family history and the life course (1978) Transitions: The family and the life course in historical perspective, , T. Hareven (ed.), New York: Academic Press; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: Longitudinal study (1999) British Medical Journal, 318 (7181), pp. 427-431; Ermisch, J.F., (1991) Lone parenthood: An economic analysis, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Ermisch, J.F., (2004) Parent and adult-child interactions empirical evidence from Britain, , Working paper no 2, University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research; Ermisch, J., Franscesconi, M., (2001) The effects of parents’ employment on children’s lives, , London: Family Policy Studies Centre and Joseph Rowntree Foundation; www.fnf.org.uk, Families Need Fathers; Fedrick, J., Butler, N.R., Intended place of delivery and perinatal outcome (1978) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 763-765; Fenson, L., Dale, P.S., Resnick, J.S., Thal, D., Bates, E., Hartung, J.P., Pethick, D., Reily, J.S., (1993) MacArthur communicative development inventories (CDI), , San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group; Ferri, E., Smith, K., (1996) Parenting in the 1990s, , London: Family Policy Studies Centre; Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M., (2003) Changing Britain, changing lives, , London: Institute of Education; Ford, R., Marsh, A., McKay, S., (1995) Changes in lone parenthood, , Department of Social Security research report no 40, London: HMSO; Frankenburg, W.K., Dodds, J., Archer, P., The Denver Developmental Screening Test (1967) Journal of Paediatrics, 71, pp. 181-197; Frankenburg, W.K., Dodds, J., Archer, P., (1990) Denver II: Screening manual, , Denver, CO: Denver Developmental Materials, Inc; Frankenburg, W.K., Dodds, J., Archer, P., Shapira, H., Bresnick, B., The Denver II: A major revision and restandardisation of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (1992) Paediatrics, 89, pp. 91-97; Furedi, F., (2001) Paranoid parenting: Abandon your anxieties and be a good parent, , London: Allen Lane; Gent, A.E., Hellier, M.D., Grace, R.H., Swarbrick, E.T., Coggon, D., Inflammatory bowel disease and domestic hygiene in infancy (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 766-767; Gershuny, J., (2000) Changing times: Work and leisure in post industrial society, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Gesell, A., (1973) The first five years of life: A guide to the study of the preschool child, , New York: Harper & Row; Gordon, D., Shaw, M., Dorling, D., Davey Smith, G., (1999) Inequalities in health, the evidence presented to the independent inquiry into inequalities in health, chaired by Sir Donald Acheson, , University of Bristol: The Policy Press; Gornick, J.C., Meyers, M.K., (2003) Families that work: Policies for reconciling parenthood and employment, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Graham, E., Boyle, P., Low fertility in Scotland: A wider perspective (2003) Registrar General’s review of demographic trends, pp. 40-52. , Edinburgh: General Register Office for Scotland; Gregg, P., Washbrook, L., (2003) The effects of early maternal employment on child development in the UK, , www.bris.ac.uk, Working paper no 03/070, University of Bristol; Gregg, P., Harness, S., Machin, S., (1999) Child development and family income, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Grundy, E., Murphy, M., Shelton, N., Looking beyond the household: Intergenerational perspectives on living kin and contact with kin in Great Britain (1999) Population Trends, 97, pp. 19-27; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S., Nanchahal, K., Braddon, F.E.M., Smith, G.D., Lifecourse exposure and later disease: A follow-up study based on a survey of family diet and health in pre-war Britain (1937-39) (1996) Public Health, 110 (2), pp. 85-94; Gunnell, D., Smith, G.D., McConnachie, A., Greenwood, R., Upton, M., Frankel, S., Separating in-utero and postnatal influences on later disease [letter] (1999) Lancet, 354 (9189), pp. 1526-1527; Hadler, S.C., Cochi, S.L., Bilous, J., Cutts, F.T., Vaccination programs in developing countries (2004) Vaccines, pp. 1407-1441. , S.A. Plotkin and W.A. Orenstein (eds), 4th edn, Pennsylvania, Saunders (Elsevier inc.); Hall, D., Elliman, D., (2003) Health for all children, , 4th edn, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hamlyn, B., Brooker, S., Oleinikova, K., Wands, S., (2002) Infant feeding 2000. A survey conducted on behalf of the Department of Health, the Scottish Executive, the National Assembly of Wales and the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety in Northern Ireland, , London: The Stationery Office; Hareven, T., (1978) Transitions: The family and the life course in historical perspective, , New York: Academic Press; Harker, L., Kendall, L., (2003) An equal start: Improving support during pregnancy and the first 12 months, , London: IPPR; Harkness, S., The household division of labour: Changes in families’ allocation of paid and unpaid work, 1992-2002 (2003) The labour market under New Labour: The state of working Britain 2003, , R. Dickens, P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Hatter, W., Vinter, L., Williams, R., (2002) Dads on dads: Needs and expectations at home and work, , Research discussion series, Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission; Hawkes, D., Joshi, H., Ward, K., (2004) Unequal entry to motherhood and unequal starts in life: Evidence from the first survey of the UK Millennium Cohort, , www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/core/documentsdownload.asp?id=299&log_stat=1, CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper no 6; Hay, D.F., Pawlby, S., Shark, D., Asten, P., Mills, A., Kumar, R., Intellectual problems shown by 11-year-old children whose mother had postnatal depression (2001) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, pp. 871-889; (1999) Black and minority ethnic groups and tobacco use in England, , London: Health Education Authority; (2004) Quarterly communicable disease reports on the COVER programme for childhood immunisation, , London: Health Protection Agency; Hemingway, H., Saunders, D., Parsons, L., Social class, spoken language and pattern of care as determinants of continuity of carer in maternity services in East London (1997) Journal of Public Health Medicine, 19 (2), pp. 156-161; Henderson, J., Garcia, J., (2000) Knowledge and uptake of benefits and the financial impact of childbearing, , www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/inequalities, Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; (2004) Child poverty review, , www.hm-treasury.gov.uk./spending_review/spend_sr04/associated_documents/spending_sr04_childpoverty.cfm; Hobcraft, J., (1998) Intergenerational and life-course transmission of social exclusion: Influences of childhood poverty, family disruption, and contact with the police, , CASE paper CASE/15, London: London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Hochschild, A., (1990) The second shift: The revolution at home, , London: Piatkus; Hochschild, A., (1997) The time bind when work becomes home and home becomes work, , New York: Henry Holt and Company; Hogarth, T., Hasluck, C., Pierre, G., Winterbotham, M., Vivian, D., (2000) Work-life balance 2000: Baseline study of work-life balance practices in Great Britain, , Warwick: Institute for Employment Research, Warwick University; Howie, P.W., Forsyth, J.S., Ogston, S.A., Clarke, A., Du, V., Florey, C., Protective effect of breastfeeding against infection (1990) British Medical Journal, 300, pp. 6-11; (2003) Report infant and perinatal mortality by social and biological factors, 2002, (20), pp. 61-65. , winter; Illingworth, R.S., (1975) The development of the infant and young child: Normal and abnormal, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; (2004) Teenage pregnancies, , www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/mat_tp_table1b.xls, Accessed 20 December 2004; (2004) Scottish health statistics. Births and babies. Table 5, , www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/mat_bb_table5.xls, Accessed 7 January 2005; (1998) Small babies in Scotland: A ten-year overview, 1987-96, , Edinburgh: ISD Scotland and Scottish Programme for Clinical Effectiveness in Reproductive Health; Jackson, A.A., Langley Evans, S.C., McCarthy, H.D., Nutritional influences in early life upon obesity and body proportions (1996) Ciba Foundation Symposium, 201, pp. 118-129; Jarvis, M.J., Goddard, E., Higgins, V., Feyerabend, C., Bryant, A., Cook, D.G., Children’s exposure to passive smoking in England since the 1980s: Continuing evidence from population surveys (2000) British Medical Journal, 321, pp. 343-345; Jayaweera, H., (2003) Mother and baby outreach study, , Presentation to the Institute of Health Sciences seminar, June, Oxford: University of Oxford; Jayaweera, H., Garcia, J., (2000) Living on a low income: A structured review of women’s views of poverty and childbearing, , www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/inequalities, Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; Jenkins, S., Rigg, J., (2001) The Dynamics of Poverty in Britain, , DWP Research Report No 157, Leeds: Corporate Document Services; Joshi, H., Production, reproduction and education: Women, children and work in contemporary Britain (2002) Population and Development Review, 28 (3), pp. 445-474; Joshi, H.E., Davies, H.B., The paid and unpaid roles of women: How should social security adapt? (1994) Social security: New challenges to the Beveridge model, pp. 234-254. , S. Baldwin and J. Falkingham (eds), Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf; Joshi, H.E., Hinde, P.R.A., Employment after childbearing: Cohort study evidence (1993) European Sociological Review, 9, pp. 203-227; Joshi, H., Verropoulou, G., (2000) Maternal employment and child outcomes, pp. 1-41. , Occasional paper, London: The Smith Institute; Joshi, H., Wright, R.E., Starting life in Scotland (2005) Committing to growth in European regions The Scottish experience, , D. Coyle and W. Alexander (eds), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Joshi, H., Layard, R., Owen, S., Why are more women working in Britain? (1985) Journal of Labor Economics, 3 (1), pp. S147-S176; Katbamna, S., (2000) Race’ and childbirth, , Buckingham: Open University Press; Kempson, E., (1996) Life on a low income, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Kiernan, K., (1997) The legacy of parental divorce: Social, economic and demographic experiences in adulthood, , CASE paper CASE/1, London: London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Kiernan, K., Cohabitation and divorce across nations and generations (2004) Human development across lives and generations: The potential for change, pp. 139-170. , P.L.Chase-Lansdale, K. Kiernan and R. Friedman (eds), New York: Cambridge University Press; Kiernan, K., Unmarried cohabitation and parenthood in Britain and Europe (2004) Journal of Law and Policy, 26 (1), pp. 33-55; Kiernan, K., Friedman, R., Human development across lives and generations The potential for change, pp. 139-170. , New York: Cambridge University Press; Laming, L., (2003) The Victoria Climbié Inquiry report of an inquiry by Lord Laming, , London: The Stationery Office; Laurie, H., Gershuny, J., Couples, work and money (2000) Seven years in the lives of British families: Evidence on the dynamics of social change from the British Household Panel Survey, , R. Berthoud and J. Gershuny (eds), Bristol: The Policy Press; La Valle, I., Arthur, S., Millward, C., Scott, J., Claydon, M., (2002) Happy families? Atypical work and its influence on family life, , Bristol: The Policy Press; Law, C.M., Foetal and infant influences on non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (1996) Diabetes & Medicine, 13, pp. 49-52; Lewis, G., Drife, J., (2004) Why mothers die 2000-02: Report on confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom, , www.cemach.org.uk/publications.htm, London: RCOG Press; Lewis, J., (2001) The end of marriage?, , Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; Lewis, J., Individualisation and the need for new forms of family solidarity (2004) Solidarity between the sexes and the generations, , T. Knijn and A. Komter (eds), London: Edward Elgar; Lindley, J., Dale, A., Dex, S., Ethnic differences in women’s demographic, family characteristics and economic activity profiles 1992 to 2002 (2004) Labour Market Trends, 112 (4), pp. 153-165. , April; Lobstein, T., (1991) The nutrition of women on low income, , London: Food Commission; Lobstein, T., Baur, L., Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health (2004) Obesity Review, 5, pp. 4-104; Maccoby, E.E., Gender and relationships: A developmental account (1990) American Psychologist, 45, pp. 513-520; Macfarlane, A., Mugford, M., (2000) Birth counts: Statistics of pregnancy and childbirth, vol I, , London: The Stationery Office; Macfarlane, A., Mugford, M., Henderson, J., Furtado, A., Stevens, J., Dunn, A., (2000) Birth counts: Statistics of pregnancy and childbirth, vol 2, , London: The Stationery Office; Macfarlane, A., Grant, J., Hancock, J., Hilder, L., Lyne, M., Costeloe, K., Hird, M., (2004) Early life mortality in East London: A feasibility study. Summary report on foetal and infant death in East London, , London: City University; MacGillivray, I., Campbell, D.M., Thompson, B., (1988) Twinning and twins, , Chichester: John Wiley; Maclean, M., Eekelaar, J., (1997) The parental obligation, , Oxford: Hart Publishing; Macran, S., Joshi, H., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing: A survival analysis (1996) Work Employment and Society, 10 (2), pp. 273-296; Maher, J., Macfarlane, A., Trends in live births and birth weight by social class, marital status and mother’s age, 1976 to 2000 (2004) Health Statistics Quarterly, 23, pp. 34-42; Maher, J., Macfarlane, A., Trends in infant mortality and birth weight by social class and mother’s age, 1976 to 2000 (2004) Health Statistics Quarterly, 24, pp. 14-22; (1994) Local breastfeeding targets, , MEL110, Edinburgh: Scottish Office; Martin, J., Roberts, C., (1984) Women and employment: A life time perspective, , Department of Employment and Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, London: HMSO; (2002), www.maternityalliance.org.uk/; McIlwaine, G., Boulton-Jones, C., Cole, S., Wilkinson, C., (1998) Caesarean section in Scotland 1994/95: A national audit, , Edinburgh: Scottish Programme for Clinical Effectiveness in Reproductive Health; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Melhuish, E., Sylva, K., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B., (2001) Social/behavioural and cognitive development at 3-4 years in relation to family background, , Eppe technical paper no 7, London: Institute of Education; Millar, J., Ridge, T., (2001) Families, poverty, work and care: A review of the literature on lone parents and low-income couple families with children, research report no 153, , London: Department for Work and Pensions; Modood, T., Berthoud, R., Lakey, J.J., Nazroo, J., Smith, P., Virdee, S., Beishon, S., (1997) Ethnic minorities in Britain: Diversity and disadvantage, , London: Policy Studies Institute; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.G., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Archives of Diseases in Children, 77, pp. 326-330; Mooney, A., Statham, J., Simon, A., (2002) The pivot generation: Informal care and work after 50, , Bristol: The Policy Press; Mooney, A., Knight, A., Moss, P., Owen, C., (2001) Who cares? Childminding in the 1990s, , London: Family Policy Studies Centre and Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Murray, L., Cooper, P.J., Wilson, A., Romaniuk, H., Controlled trial of the short-and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. Impact on the mother-child relationship and child outcome (2003) British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, pp. 420-427; (2004) Millennium Cohort Study first survey: Technical report on instrumental development and fieldwork, , www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/core/documents/download.asp?id=265&log_stat=1; (2002) Maternity statistics, Wales: Method of delivery, 1995-2000, , SDR49/2002, Cardiff: National Assembly for Wales; (2001), London: RCOG Clinical Effectiveness Support Unit; (2003) Antenatal care: Routine care for the healthy pregnant woman, a clinical guideline, , www.rcog.org.uk/resources/public/Antenatal_care.pdf, London: RCOG Press; Neill, S.J., Acute childhood illness at home: The parents ‘perspective (2000) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31, pp. 821-832; (2004) Caesarean Section. Clinical Guideline 13, , London: NICE; (2001) Year 2000 report, , Belfast: Eastern Health and Social Services Boards; O’Brien, M., Shemilt, I., (2003) Working fathers earning and caring, , Research discussion series, Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission; Ong, K.K.L., Preece, M.A., Emmett, P.M., Ahmed, M.L., Dunger, D.B., Size at birth and early childhood growth in relation to maternal smoking, parity and infant breastfeeding: Longitudinal birth cohort study and analysis (2002) Paediatric Research, 52, pp. 863-867; (1999) Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey, , ONS, funded by Joseph Rowntree Foundation; (2003) Health Statistics Quarterly, 20. , winter, London: The Stationery Office; (2004) Birth statistics. Review of the Registrar General on birth and patterns of family building, 2003, , Series FM1 No 30 (revised), London: Office for National Statistics; (2004) Social Trends No 34, 2004 edition, , London: The Stationery Office; O’Sullivan, J.J., Pearce, M.S., Parker, L., Parental recall of birth weight: How accurate is it? (2000) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, pp. 202-203; Parsons, L., Macfarlane, A., Golding, J., Pregnancy, birth and maternity care (1993) ‘Race’ and health in contemporary Britain, , W. Ahmad (ed.), Buckingham: Open University Press; Peach, C., (1996) Ethnicity in the 1991 Census, 2. , London: HMSO; Peckham, C.S., Child health and development (1998) Clinical futures, , M. Marinker and M. Peckham (eds), London: British Medical Journal Publications; Phillips, J., Bernard, M., Chittenden, M., (2002) Juggling work and care: The experiences of working carers of older adults, , Bristol: The Policy Press; Plewis, I., Multilevel models (2003) The A-Z of social research, , R.L. Miller and J.D. Brewer (eds), London: Sage; Plewis, I., Calderwood, L., Hawkes, D., Hughes, G., Joshi, H., (2004) The Millennium Cohort Study: Technical report on sampling, , 3rd edn, London: Institute of Education; Putnam, R., (1999) Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Radford, A., Unicef is crucial in promoting and supporting breast feeding (2001) British Medical Journal, 322, p. 555; (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Rendall, M.S., Smallwood, S., Higher qualifications, firstbirth timing and further childbearing in England and Wales (2003) Population Trends, 111, pp. 18-26; Reynolds, T., Callendar, C., Edwards, R., (2003) Caring and counting: The impact of mothers’ employment on family relationships, , Bristol: The Policy Press; Rigby, M., Kohler, L., (2004) Child health indicators of life and development (CHILD): Report to the European Commission, , European Union Community Health Monitoring Programme; Rutter, M., Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms (1990) Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology, pp. 181-214. , J. Rolf, A.S. Masten, D. Chichetti, K.H. Nuechterlin and S. Weintraub (eds), New York: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Madge, N., (1976) Cycles of disadvantage: A review of research, , London: Heinemann Educational Books; Sameroff, A.J., Developmental systems: Contexts and evolution (1983) Handbook of child psychology, vol 1: History, theory and methods, pp. 237-294. , W. Kessen (ed.) and P.H. Mussen (series ed.), New York: Wiley; Sandall, J., Grellier, R., Ahmed, S., Savage, W., (2001) Women’s access, knowledge and beliefs around prenatal screening in East London, , London: St Bartholomew School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, and King’s College; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence of context, timing and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to early adulthood (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504; Schuller, T., Bynner, J., Feinstein, L., (2004) Capitals and capabilities, , London: Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning, seminar paper; Schultz, T.W., Investment in human capital (1961) American Economic Review, 51, pp. 1-17; Scott, J., Changing households in Britain: Do families still matter? (1997) Sociological Review, 45 (4), pp. 591-620; Searle, B., Diet and nutrition (2002) The wellbeing of children in the UK, , J. Bradshaw (ed.), London: Save the Children; Sen, A., (1992) Inequality re-examined, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Shepherd, P., Smith, K., Joshi, H., Dex, S., (2004) Millennium Cohort Study first survey: A guide to the SPSS dataset, , www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/core/documents/download.asp?id=263&log_stat=1, 3rd edn; Shouls, S., Whitehead, M., Burstrom, B., Diderichsen, F., The health and socioeconomic circumstances of British lone mothers over the last two decades (1999) Population Trends, 95, pp. 41-46; Singhal, A., Lucas, A., Early origins of cardiovascular disease: Is there a unifying hypothesis? (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 1642-1645; Skinner, C., (2003) Running around in circles: Coordinating childcare education and work, , Bristol: The Policy Press; Skuse, D., Reilly, S., Wolke, D., Psychosocial adversity and growth during infancy (1994) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48, pp. S113-S130; Smallwood, S., Jefferies, J., Family building intentions in England and Wales: Trends, outcomes and interpretations (2003) Population Trends, 112, pp. 15-28; Smith, G., Hart, C., Upton, M., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Watt, G., Hawthorne, V., Height and risk of death among men and women: Aetiological implications of associations with cardio respiratory disease and cancer mortality (2000) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 53 (10), pp. 97-103; Stevens, J., Brown, J., Lee, C., (2004) The second work-life balance study: Results from the employees’ survey, , DTI, Employment Relations Research Series no 27; Tallman, I., Rotolo, T., Gray, L.N., Continuity or change? The impact of parents’ divorce on newly married couples (2001) Social Psychology Quarterly, 64 (4), pp. 333-346; Tanner, J., (1990) Foetus into men: Physical growth from conception to maturity, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; Tappin, D.M., Mackenzie, J.M., Brown, A.J., Girdwood, R.W.A., Britten, J., Broadfoot, M., Breastfeeding rates are increasing in Scotland (2001) Health Bulletin, 59, pp. 102-107; Tate, A.R., Dezateux, C., Cole, T.J., Davidson, L., Factors affecting a mother’s recall of her baby’s birth weight (2005) International Journal of Epidemiology, 34 (3), pp. 688-695; Thomas, M., Avery, V., (1997) Infant feeding in Asian families, , London: The Stationery Office; (1999) The Baby Friendly Initiative in the community: An implementation guide, , London: UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative; Walton, K.A., Murray, L.J., Gallagher, A.M., Cran, G.W., Savage, M.J., Boreham, C., Parental recall of birth weight: A good proxy for recorded birth weight? (2000) European Journal of Epidemiology, 16, pp. 793-796; Walton, S., Bedford, H., Dezateux, C., (2005) Use of Personal Child Health Records in the UK: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study, , submitted for publication; Warin, J., Solomon, Y., Lewis, C., Langford, W., (1999) Fathers, work and family life, , London and York: Family Policy Studies Centre and Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1992) Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Williams, A.S., (1997) Women and childbirth in the twentieth century: A history of the Nation Birthday Trust Fund 1928-93, , Sutton: Thrupp Glos; (1989) Protecting promoting and supporting breastfeeding: The special role of maternity services, , Geneva: WHO; (1992) Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, , Geneva, WHO; (1992) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Tenth revision, 1. , Geneva, WHO; (1998) Evidence for the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding, , Geneva: WHO; (2002) Infant and young child nutrition; global strategy for infant and young child feeding, , Geneva: WHO; Yeandle, S., Wigfield, A., Crompton, R., Dennett, J., (2002) Employed carers and family-friendly employment policies, , Bristol: The Policy Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992842976&partnerID=40&md5=835a17f44d839afc42b9ae05af88b7f4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A dose-response relationship between maternal smoking during late pregnancy and adult intelligence in male offspring T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 4 EP - 11 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00622.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Mortensen, E.L. AU - Michaelsen, K.F. AU - Sanders, S.A. AU - Reinisch, J.M. AD - Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Human Nutrition, Roy. Vet. and Agric. University, Frederiksberg, Denmark AD - Kinsey Inst. Res. Sex, Gender/Repro., Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States AD - Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States AD - Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark AB - An association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and cognitive and behavioural development has been observed in several studies, but potential effects of maternal smoking on offspring adult intelligence have not been investigated. The objective of the present study was to investigate a potential association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intelligence in young adulthood. Adult intelligence was assessed at the mean age of 18.7 years by a military draft board intelligence test (Børge Priens Prøve) for 3044 singleton males from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort with information regarding maternal smoking during the third trimester coded into five categories (about 50% of the mothers were smokers). The following potential confounders were included as covariates in multivariable analyses: parental social status and education, single mother status, mother's height and age, number of pregnancies, and gestational age. In separate analyses, birthweight and length were also included as covariates. Maternal cigarette smoking during the third trimester, adjusted for the seven covariates, showed a negative association with offspring adult intelligence (P = 0.0001). The mean difference between the no-smoking and the heaviest smoking category amounted to 0.41 standard deviation, corresponding to an IQ difference of 6.2 points [95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.68]. The association remained significant when further adjusted for birthweight and length (P = 0.007). Both unadjusted and adjusted means suggested a dose-response relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring adult intelligence. When subjects with missing data were excluded, essentially the same results were obtained in the reduced sample (n = 1829). These results suggest that smoking during pregnancy may have long-term negative consequences on offspring adult intelligence. KW - academic achievement KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - controlled study KW - dose response KW - education KW - gestational age KW - human KW - intelligence KW - intelligence quotient KW - intelligence test KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - smoking KW - smoking habit KW - social status KW - third trimester pregnancy KW - Adolescent KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Trimester, Third KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :54 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 15670102 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mortensen, E.L.; Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: e.l.mortensen@pubhealth.ku.dk N1 - References: Conter, V., Cortinovis, I., Rogari, P., Riva, L., Weight growth in infants born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1995) British Medical Journal, 310, pp. 768-771; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Smoking during pregnancy (1979) New Zealand Medical Journal, 89, pp. 41-43; Pulkkinen, P., Smoking and pregnancy: The influence of maternal and gestational factors on the outcome of pregnancy and the newborn (1985) Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae. Supplementum, 197, pp. 55-59; Markestad, T., Vik, T., Ahlsten, G., Gebre-Medhin, M., Skjaerven, R., Jacobsen, G., Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants born at term: Growth and development during the first year of life (1997) Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement, 165, pp. 93-101; Nafstad, P., Jaakkola, J.J., Hagen, J.A., Pedersen, B.S., Qvigstad, E., Botten, G., Weight gain during the first year of life in relation to maternal smoking and breast feeding in Norway (1997) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 51, pp. 261-265; Vik, T., Jacobsen, G., Vatten, L., Bakketeig, L.S., Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy (1996) Early Human Development, 45, pp. 245-255; Ong, K.K.L., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) British Medical Journal, 320, pp. 967-971; Lassen, K., Oei, T.P.S., Effects of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on long-term physical and cognitive parameters of child development (1998) Addictive Behaviors, 23, pp. 635-653; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., Maternal smoking before and after pregnancy: Effects on behavioral outcomes in middle childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 815-822; Milberger, S., Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Chen, L., Jones, J., Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children? (1996) American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, pp. 1138-1142; Brennan, P.A., Grekin, E.R., Mednick, S.A., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and adult male criminal outcomes (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 215-219; Räsänen, P., Hakko, H., Isohanni, M., Hodgkins, S., Jarvelin, M.R., Tiihonen, J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of criminal behavior among adult male offspring in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, pp. 857-862; Brennan, P.A., Grekin, E.R., Mortensen, E.L., Mednick, S.A., Relationship of maternal smoking during pregnancy with criminal arrest and hospitalization for substance abuse in male and female adult offspring (2002) American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, pp. 48-54; Fergusson, D.M., Prenatal smoking and antisocial behavior (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 223-224; Fogelman, K.R., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) British Medical Journal, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Teasdale, T.W., (1985) Familial Influences in Social Class, Educational Level and Intelligence, , Malmö, Sweden: Gleerup, Infotryck; Zachau-Christiansen, B., Ross, E.M., (1975) Babies: Human Development during the First Year, , New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Reinisch, J.M., Mortensen, E.L., Sanders, S.A., (1993) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 370, pp. 54-61. , The Prenatal Development Project; Wechsler, D., (1958) The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence, , Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; Mortensen, E.L., Reinisch, J.M., Teasdale, T.W., Intelligence as measured by the WAIS and a military draft board group test (1989) Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 30, pp. 315-318; Mortensen, E.L., Michaelsen, K.F., Sanders, S.A., Reinisch, J.M., The association between duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence (2002) JAMA, 287, pp. 2363-2371; Cohen, J., Cohen, P., (1983) Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, , Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence A Erlbaum Associates; Schafer, J.L., Graham, J.W., Missing data: Our view of the state of the art (2002) Psychological Methods, 7, pp. 147-177; Arbuckle, J.A., (1997) Amos User's Guide. Version 3.6, , Chicago, IL: SmallWaters Corporation; Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R.L., Rubin, D.B., (2000) Contrasts and Effect Sizes in Behavioral Research, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-575; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1973) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , Harlow, London: Longman/National Children's Bureau; Dunn, H.G., McBurney, A.K., Ingram, S., Hunter, C.M., Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the child's subsequent development: II. Neurological and intellectual maturation to the age of 6 1/2 years (1977) Canadian Journal of Public Health, 68, pp. 43-50; Frydman, M., The smoking addiction of pregnant women and the consequences on their offspring's intellectual development (1996) Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology, and Oncology, 15, pp. 169-172; Naeye, R.L., Peters, E.C., Mental development of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1984) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 64, pp. 601-607; Rantakallio, P., A follow-up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1983) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 72, pp. 747-753; Fergusson, D.M., Lloyd, M., Smoking during pregnancy and its effects on child cognitive ability from the ages of 8-12 years (1991) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 5, pp. 189-200; MacArthur, C., Knox, E.G., Lancashire, R.J., Effects at age nine of maternal smoking in pregnancy: Experimental and observational findings (2001) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 108, pp. 67-73; Schuerger, J.M., Witt, A.C., The temporal stability of individually tested intelligence (1989) Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, pp. 294-302; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Gray, R., Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 13- to 16-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (2003) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 25, pp. 427-436; Fried, P.A., O'Connell, C.M., Watkinson, B., 60- and 72-month follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol: Cognitive and language assessment (1992) Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 13, pp. 383-391; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Gray, R., Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (1998) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 20, pp. 293-306; Olds, D.L., Henderson Jr., C.R., Tatelbaum, R., Intellectual impairment in children of women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy (1994) Pediatrics, 93, pp. 221-227; McGue, M., Bouchard Jr., T.J., Iacono, W.G., Lykken, D.T., Behavioral genetics of cognitive ability: A life-span perspective (1993) Nature, Nurture & Psychology, pp. 59-76. , Editors: Plomin R, McClearn GE. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Guttmacher, A.F., (1962) Pregnancy and Birth, p. 101. , New York, NY: Signet Books; Ananth, C.V., Savitz, D.A., Luther, E.R., Maternal cigarette smoking as a risk factor for placental abruption, placenta previa, and uterine bleeding in pregnancy (1996) American Journal of Epidemiology, 144, pp. 881-889; Bouchard, T.J., IQ similarity in twins reared apart: Findings and responses to critics (1997) Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment, pp. 126-160. , Editors: Sternberg RJ, Grigorenko EL. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844308674&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.2004.00622.x&partnerID=40&md5=57ca8a3ca7ee32262f6134ca419fbd02 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Learning for life? The postwar experience of apprenticeship T2 - Young People in Transition: Becoming Citizens? J2 - Young People in Transition: Becom. Citizens? SP - 48 EP - 51 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1057/9780230597778_3 SN - 9780230597778 (ISBN); 9781403933683 (ISBN) AU - Vickerstaff, S. AD - School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, United Kingdom AB - It is commonly argued that young people’s transitions from school to work in the UK have changed radically since the middle 1970s, with the result that the experience of cohorts today differs markedly from the generations growing up in the 1950s and 1960s (see for example, Nagel and Wallace, 1997; Roberts, 1984; Bynner, 1991; Furlong and Cartmel, 1997; and for a moderating view Vickerstaff, 2003). In particular, the fact that most young people in the earlier period left education after the compulsory school leaving age (15 and then 16 in 1972), and went into a labour market where jobs were relatively plentiful, contrasts sharply with the 86 per cent of 16-year-olds who now stay on in some form of education or training (DfES, 2002). It has been an aim of successive governments to encourage the numbers staying on in education and training after the school leaving age, and this has been combined since the late 1970s with the argument that compulsory schooling has been failing to provide young people with the key skills needed to make them employable. As a recent government document asserted: Employers have consistently said that too many young people are not properly prepared for the world of work … In particular, they may lack skills such as communication and teamwork, and attributes such as self-confidence and willingness to learn that are of growing importance across a range of jobs. (DfES, 2003, p. 78). © Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 2005. PB - Palgrave Macmillan N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Book Chapter DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Vickerstaff, S.; School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of KentUnited Kingdom N1 - References: (2002) Annual Report of the Chief Inspector 2001-02., , Coventry: ALI; Ainley, P., Corney, M., (1990) Training for the Future, the Rise and Fall of the Manpower Services Commission., , London: Cassell; Ainley, P., Rainbird, H., (1999) Apprenticeship: Towards a New Paradigm of Learning., , London: Kogan Page; Ashton, D., Green, F., (1996) Education, Training and the Global Economy., , Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; (2002) Response to the Report of the Modern Apprenticeship Advisory Committee, , http://trainingfed.co.uk/cassels_report_2001_alp_response_jan02.htm, at; Ball, S., Industrial Training or New Vocationalism? Structures and Discourses (1999) Education, Training and the Future of Work 11., , M. Flude and S. Sieminski (eds), London: Routledge; Boreham, N., Work Process Knowledge, Curriculum Control and the Work-Based Route to Vocational Qualifications (2002) British Journal of Educational Studies, 50 (2), pp. 225-237; Bynner, J., Transitions to Work: Results from a Longitudinal Study of Young People in Four British Labour Markets (1991) Making Their Way: Education, Training and the Labour Market in Canada and Britain., pp. 171-195. , D. Ashton and G. Lowe (eds), Milton Keynes: Open University Press; (1989) Towards a Skills Revolution - a Youth Charter., , London: CBI; Croft, M., (1960) Apprenticeship and the Bulge, , Fabian Research Series 216. London: The Fabian Society; Dale, R., (1985) Education, Training and Employment; Towards a New Vocationalism?, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; (2001) Modern Apprenticeships: The Way to Work., , The Report of the Modern Apprenticeships Advisory Committee (The Cassels Report). London: HMSO; (2002) Participation in Education, Training and Employment By 16-18 year olds in England: 2000 and 2001, , http://www.dfes.gov.uk/statistics/DB/SFR, SFR16/2002 available from; (2003) 21st Century Skills Realizing our Potential: Individuals, Employers and Nation, , Cm 5810. London: HMSO; Eraut, M., Non-Formal Learning, Implicit Learning and Tacit Knowledge in Professional Work (2000) The Necessity of Informal Learning., pp. 12-31. , F. Coffield (ed.), Bristol: Polity Press; Fogelman, K., (1985) After School: The Education and Training Experiences of the 1958 Cohort., , National Children’s Bureau, NCDS Working Paper no.3; Fuller, A., Unwin, L., (2002) Learning as Apprentices in the Contemporary UK Workplace; Creating and Managing Expansive and Restrictive Participation, , mimeo; Fuller, A., Unwin, L., A Sense of Belonging: The Relationship between Community and Apprenticeship (1999) Apprenticeship: A New Paradigm for Learning., pp. 150-162. , P. Ainley and H. Rainbird (eds), London: Kogan Page; Fuller, A., Unwin, L., Reconceptualising Apprenticeship: Exploring the Relationship between Work and Learning (1998) Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 50 (2), pp. 153-172; Furlong, A., Cartmel, F., (1997) Young People and Social Change., , Buckingham: Open University Press; Gospel, H., The Survival of Apprenticeship Training: A British, American, Australian Comparison (1994) British Journal of Industrial Relations, 32 (4), pp. 505-522; Green, A., The Role of the State and Social Partners in VET Systems (1995) Youth, Education and Work, , L. Bash and A. Green (eds), World Yearbook of Education. London: Kogan Page; Green, A., Core Skills, Key Skills and General Culture: In Search of the Common Foundation in Vocational Education (1998) Evaluation and Research in Education, 12 (1), pp. 23-43; Halsall, R., Core Skills - The Continuing Debate (1996) Education and Training 14-19: Chaos or Coherence., , R. Halsall and M. Cockett (eds), London: David Fulton Publishers; Keep, E., Vocational Education and Training for the Young (1994) Personnel Management., , K. Sisson (ed.), Oxford: Blackwell; Lave, J., Wenger, E., (1991) Situated Learning; Legitimate Peripheral Participation., , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Lawson, T., Core Skills 16-19 (1992) 16-19 Changes in Education and Training., , T. Whiteside, A. Sutton and T. Everton (eds), London: David Fulton Publishers; Modern Apprenticeship Factsheets, , http://www.lsc.gov.uk, available from; Liepmann, K., (1960) Apprenticeship: An Enquiry into its Adequacy under Modern Conditions., , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Levy, M., (1987) The Core Skills Project and Work Based Learning., , Sheffield: Manpower Services Commission; Lummis, T., (1987) Listening to History: The Authenticity of Oral Evidence., , London: Hutchinson; Maizels, J., (1970) Adolescent Needs and the Transition from School to Work., , London: Athlone Press; McCulloch, G., From Education to Work: The Case of Technical Schools (1995) Youth, Education and Work, , L. Bash and A. Green (eds), World Yearbook of Education. London: Kogan Page; (1960) 15-18 Report of the Central Advisory Council for Education - England, 11. , Surveys. London: HMSO; (1956) The Work of the Youth Employment Service 1953-56, , A report by the National Youth Employment Council. London: HMSO; (1958) Training for Skill: Recruitment and Training of Young Workers in Industry, , Report by a Sub-Committee of the National Joint Advisory Council (‘The Carr Report’). London: HMSO; Moore, R., Hickox, M., Vocationalism and Educational Change (1999) Education, Training and the Future of Work 11., , M. Flude and S. Sieminski (eds), London: Routledge; Nagel, N., Wallace, C., Participation and Identification in Risk Societies: European Perspectives (1997) Youth, Citizenship and Social Change in a European Context., , J. Bynner, L. Chisholm and A. Furlong (eds), Aldershot: Ashgate; (2002) Social Trends., , London: HMSO; Payne, J., (1999) All Things to All People: Changing Perception of ‘Skill’ Among Britain’s Policy Makers since the 1950s and their Implications, , SKOPE Research Paper no. 1. Warwick: SKOPE University of Warwick; (2001) The Review of Key Skills: The Final Report., , London: QCA; (1999) Modern Apprenticeships and Gender Stereotyping, , QIPD Study Report no. 71. Sheffield: DfEE; (2000) Delivery of Key Skills in Modern Apprenticeships, , QIPD Study Report no. 89. Sheffield: DfEE; Roberts, K., (1984) School Leavers and their Prospects: Youth and the Labour Market in the 1980s., , Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Ryan, P., Introduction: Comparative Research on Vocational Education and Training (1991) International Comparisons of Vocational Education and Training for Intermediate Skills., , P. Ryan (ed.), London: The Falmer Press; Ryan, P., The Embedding of Apprenticeship in Industrial Relations: British Engineering, 1925-65 (1999) Apprenticeship; Towards a New Paradigm of Learning., pp. 41-60. , P. Ainley and H. Rainbird (eds), London: Kogan Page; Ryrie, A., Weir, D., (1978) Getting a Trade: A Study of Apprentices’ Experience of Apprenticeship., , Sevenoaks: Hodder & Stoughton; Sheldrake, J., Vickerstaff, S., (1987) The History of Industrial Training in Britain., , Aldershot: Avebury; Unwin, L., Employer-led Realities: Apprenticeship Past and Present (1996) Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 48 (1), pp. 57-68; Unwin, L., Wellington, J., (2001) Young People’s Perspectives on Education, Training and Employment., , London: Kogan Page; Venables, E., (1967) The Young Worker at College - A Study of a Local Tech., , London: Faber & Faber; Venables, E., (1962) Apprentices Out of Their Time., , London: Faber & Faber; Veness, T., (1962) School Leavers., , London: Methuen; Vickerstaff, S., Navigating in the 1950s and 1960s: How Much have Youth Transitions Really Changed? (2002) Paper presented to the BSA Annual Conference, , University of Leicester, March; Vickerstaff, S., Apprenticeship in the “Golden Age”: Were Youth Transitions Really Smooth and Unproblematic Back Then? (2003) Work Employment and Society, 17 (2), pp. 269-287; Williams, G., (1963) Apprenticeship in Europe the Lesson for Britain., , London: Chapman & Hall; Winch, C., Clarke, L., “Front-loaded” Vocational Education versus Lifelong Learning. A Critique of Current UK Government Policy (2003) Oxford Review of Education, 29 (2), pp. 239-252; Wolf, A., (2002) Does Education Matter?, , London: Penguin UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015824442&doi=10.1057%2f9780230597778_3&partnerID=40&md5=c9bbe8732ad37312f2bb70a64e001b72 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sudden unexpected death in people with epilepsy: A pediatric perspective T2 - Seminars in Pediatric Neurology J2 - Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 14 PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.spen.2004.11.005 SN - 10719091 (ISSN) AU - Camfield, P. AU - Camfield, C. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada AD - IWK Health Centre, P.O. Box 9700, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada AB - The possibility of sudden unexpected death in people with epilepsy (SUDEP) is very frightening for parents of a child with epilepsy. The mechanism for SUDEP is unclear but is probably most commonly related to postictal respiratory insufficiency. Occasionally the cause is a cardiac arrhythmia induced by a seizure. Even though children with epilepsy have an increased risk of death, SUDEP is very rare (1-2/10,000 patient-years). Nearly all of the mortality in children with epilepsy is related to the underlying neurologic disorder, not the seizures. Normal children with epilepsy do not have an increased risk of death compared with the general population. There is no current proven strategy to prevent SUDEP, although its rarity precludes systematic trials. Common sense approaches include identifying patients with cardiac arrhythmias as the cause of misdiagnosed epilepsy and vigorous attempts to control resistant seizure disorders. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - cerebral palsy KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - correlation analysis KW - disease association KW - disease course KW - electroencephalogram KW - epilepsy KW - heart arrest KW - heart arrhythmia KW - human KW - Kaplan Meier method KW - medical record KW - neurology KW - pediatrics KW - physician KW - population research KW - practice guideline KW - prevalence KW - respiratory failure KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - seizure KW - statistical significance KW - sudden death PB - W.B. Saunders N1 - Cited By :39 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPNEF C2 - 15929460 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Camfield, P.; IWK Health Centre, P.O. Box 9700, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada; email: Allan@fbr.org N1 - References: Baumer, J.H., David, T.J., Valentine, S.J., Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion (1981) Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, pp. 462-464; Hauser, W.A., Sudden unexplained death in patients with epilepsy: Issues for further study (1997) Epilepsia, 38 (SUPPL. 11), pp. 26-S29; Donner, E.J., Smith, C.R., Snead, O.C., Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy (2001) Neurology, 57, pp. 430-434; Opeskin, K., Berkovic, S.F., Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A controlled prospective study based on coroners cases (2003) Seizure, 12, pp. 456-464; So, E.L., Sam, M.C., Lagerlund, T.L., Postictal central apnea as a cause of SUDEP: Evidence from near-SUDEP incident (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 1494-1497; Lee, M.A., (2000) Personal Communication; Langan, Y., Nashef, L., Sander, J.W.A.S., Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A series of witnessed deaths (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 68, pp. 211-213; Nei, M., Ho, R.T., Abou-Khalil, B.W., Drislane, F.W., Liporace, J., Romeo, A., Sperling, M.R., EEG and ECG in sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (2004) Epilepsia, 45, pp. 338-345; Rocamora, R., Kurthen, M., Lickfett, L., Von Oertaen, J., Elger, C.E., Cardiac asystole in epilepsy: Clinical and neurophysiologic features (2003) Epilepsia, 44, pp. 179-185; Devinsky, O., Pacia, S., Tatambhotla, G., Bradycardia and asystole induced by partial seizures: A case report and literature review (1997) Neurology, 48, pp. 1712-1714; Mayer, H., Benninger, D.I., Urak, L., Plattner, B., Geldner, J., Feucht, M., EKG abnormalities in children and adolescents with symptomatic temporal lobe epilepsy (2004) Neurology, 63, pp. 324-328; Walczak, T.S., Leppik, I.E., D'Amelio, M., Rarick, J., So, E., Ahman, P., Ruggles, K., Hauser, W.A., Incidence and risk factors in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A prospective cohort study (2001) Neurology, 56, pp. 519-525; Nilsson, L., Farahmand, B.Y., Persson, P.G., Thiblin, I., Tomson, T., Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A case-control study (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 888-893; Harvey, A.S., Nolan, T., Carlin, J.B., Community-based study of mortality in children with epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 597-603; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-340; Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 324-330; Cockerell, O.C., Johnson, A.L., Sander, J.W.A.S., Hart, Y.M., Goodridge, D.M.G., Mortality from epilepsy: Results from a prospective population-based study (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 918-921; Sillanpaa, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Shinnar, S., Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) New Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1715-1722; Callenbach, P.M., Westendorp, R.G., Geerts, A.T., Arts, W.F., Peeters, E.A., Van Donselaar, C.A., Peters, A.C., Brouwer, O.F., Mortality risk in children with epilepsy: The Dutch study of epilepsy in childhood (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 1259-1263; Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Veuglers, P.J., Death in children with epilepsy: A population-based study (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1891-1895; Tomson, T., Forsgren, L., Mortality studies in epilepsy (2003) Prognosis of Epilepsies, pp. 12-20. , P. Jallon J.L. Eurotext John Libbey Publishers Surrey, UK; Lindsten, H., Nystrom, L., Forsgren, L., Mortality in an adult cohort with newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizures: A population-based study (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 1469-1473; Vickery, B.G., Mortality in a consecutive cohort of 248 adolescents and adults who underwent diagnostic evaluation for epilepsy surgery (1997) Epilepsia, 38 (SUPPL. 11), pp. 67-S69; Venkataraman, V., Wheless, J.W., Willmore, L.J., Motookal, H., Idiopathic cardiac asystole presenting as an intractable adult onset partial seizure disorder (2001) Seizure, 10, pp. 359-364 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644390562&doi=10.1016%2fj.spen.2004.11.005&partnerID=40&md5=6362a98da3c8964f8a31e4b921bc340a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influences on childhood height: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1320 EP - 1328 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh325 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Li, L. AU - Power, C. AD - Ctr. of Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. Genetics and early environment are known to influence height, but evidence is sparse on changes in these influences over time. Methods. The 1958 British birth cohort study includes all children born between March 3, 1958 and March 9, 1958, who were followed to age 41 yr, and one-third of their offspring in 1991. Childhood height in each generation (measured at 7 yr for cohort members and 4-18 yr for offspring) was converted to a standard deviation score based on the 1990 British growth reference. We used multilevel models to analyse influences on height in order to allow for the hierarchical within-family data structure. Results. Childhood height increased by 1 cm between 1958 cohort members and their offspring. Several influences on childhood height in the older generation (maternal smoking, breastfeeding, maternal age, social class, maternal education, and parental divorce) did not affect childhood height in the younger generation. Parental height was most strongly associated with childhood height and effects did not diminish between generations [adjusted increase ∼2 cm for 1 maternal or paternal height standard deviation score (SDS)]. Third- or later-borns and those with three or more siblings had deficits of 1-2 cm (adjusted estimates) in both generations. Other factors, particularly indicators of socioeconomic position, showed weaker effects in the younger generation. For example, the growth deficit of 1.1 cm (adjusted estimate) among cohort members from households with >1.5 persons/room had disappeared in the offspring. Conclusions. Within Great Britain, the adverse effects of environmental factors on childhood height have lessened between recent generation. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Britain KW - Childhood height KW - Cohort study KW - Early-life influences KW - Intergenerational comparison KW - height KW - adult KW - article KW - birth order KW - body height KW - breast feeding KW - child growth KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - divorce KW - education KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - follow up KW - genetics KW - human KW - male KW - maternal age KW - priority journal KW - reference value KW - scoring system KW - sibling KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Parents KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :39 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15358746 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Li, L.; Ctr. of Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: L.Li@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Sinclair, D.D.P., (1998) Human Growth After Birth, , 6th edn. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; Mueller, W.H., The genetics of size and shape in children and adults (1986) Human Growth, , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 663-668; Bobak, M., Kriz, B., Leon, D., Danova, J., Marmot, M., Socioeconomic factors and height of preschool children in the Czech Republic (1994) Am. J. Public Health, 84, pp. 1167-1170; Cernerud, L., Elfving, J., Social inequality in height. A comparison between 10-year-old Helsinki and Stockholm children (1995) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 23, pp. 23-27; Kromeyer, K., Hauspie, R.C., Susanne, C., Socioeconomic factors and growth during childhood and early adolescence in Jena children (1997) Ann. Hum. Biol., 24, pp. 343-353; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Early environment and child-to-adult growth trajectories in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, pp. 185-192; Takaishi, M., Secular changes in growth of Japanese children (1994) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol., 7, pp. 163-173; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 76, pp. 182-189; Cole, T.J., Secular trends in growth (2000) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 59, pp. 317-324; Cernerud, L., The association between height and some structural social variables: A study of 10-year-old children in Stockholm during 40 years (1993) Ann. Hum. Biol., 20, pp. 469-476; Prebeg, Z., Changes in growth patterns in Zagreb school children related to socio-economic background over the period 1973-1991 (1998) Ann. Hum. Biol., 25, pp. 425-439; Kuh, D.L., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol., 20, pp. 1001-1009; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups: An overview of 10 European countries (2000) Ann. Hum. Biol., 27, pp. 407-421; Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., Lahelma, E., Koskenvuo, M., Relative effect of genetic and environmental factors on body height: Differences across birth cohorts among Finnish men and women (2000) Am. J. Public Health, 90, pp. 627-630; (1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994, 1. , UK Office for National Statistics; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children. Results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Med. Bull., 37, pp. 265-272; Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; (1994), Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education. National Child Development Study composite file including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive [distributor]. SN:3148; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1094-1101; Freeman, J.V., Cole, T.J., Chinn, S., Jones, P.R., White, E.M., Preece, M.A., Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch. Dis. Child, 73, pp. 17-24; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 2nd edn. NewYork: John Wiley & Sons Inc; Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann. Hum. Biol., 7, pp. 307-322; Rona, R.J., A surveillance system of growth in Britain (1989) Auxology '88. Perspectives in the Science of Growth and Development, , Tanner J, (ed.). Selected Papers from the Fifth International Auxology Congress. Exeter UK, July 1988. London: Smith-Gordon (Nishiura); Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth, , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; (1991) Social Trends, 21. , Central Statistical Office; (1991) Mortality Statistics. Perinatal and Infant: Social and Biological Factors 1991, , OPCS. Series DH3 no. 25. London: HMSO; Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Are inequalities in height narrowing? Comparing effects of social class on height in two generations Arch. Dis. Child, , in press; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Herngreen, W.P., van Buuren, S., van Wieringen, J.C., Reerink, J.D., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Ruys, J.H., Growth in length and weight from birth to 2 years of a representative sample of Netherlands children (born in 1988-89) related to socioeconomic status and other background characteristics (1994) Ann. Hum. Biol., 21, pp. 449-463; Ong, K.K., Preece, M.A., Emmett, P.M., Ahmed, M.L., Dunger, D.B., Size at birth and early childhood growth in relation to maternal smoking, parity and infant breast-feeding: Longitudinal birth cohort study and analysis (2002) Pediatr. Res., 52, pp. 863-867; Prentice, A., Cole, T.J., Whitehead, R.G., Impaired growth in infants born to mothers of very high parity (1987) Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr., 41, pp. 319-325; Cooper, J., Jones, C., Estimates of the numbers of first, second, third, and higher order births (1992) Popul. Rends., 70, pp. 8-14; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Teranishi, H., Nakagawa, H., Marmot, M., Social class difference in catch up growth in a national British cohort (2001) Arch. Dis. Child, 84, pp. 218-221; Martin, R.M., Smith, G.D., Mangtani, P., Frankel, S., Gunnell, D., Association between breast feeding and growth: The Boyd-Orr cohort study (2002) Arch. Dis. Child (Fetal Neonatal Ed.), 87, pp. F193-F201; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Breast feeding and child development at five years (1984) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 26, pp. 73-80; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.G., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 326-330; Cernerud, L., Differences in height between socially more and less privileged 10 year old Stockholm children born in 1933-1963 (1992) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 20, pp. 5-10; Bielicki, T., Malina, R.M., Waliszko, H., Monitoring the dynamic of social stratification: Statural variation among Polish conscripts in 1976 and 1986 (1992) Am. J. Hum. Biol., 4, pp. 345-352 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344267888&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh325&partnerID=40&md5=ac3c015a97f2ebeae1d7893de5ebea79 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in the cause of late fetal death, 1982-2000 T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 111 IS - 12 SP - 1400 EP - 1407 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00296.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Bell, R. AU - Parker, L. AU - MacPhail, S. AU - Wright, C. AD - Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Surg. and Repro. Sciences, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom AB - Background: Progress in reducing late fetal deaths has slowed in recent years, despite changes in intrapartum and antepartum care. Objectives: To describe recent trends in cause-specific fetal death rates. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: North of England. Population/Sample: 3,386 late fetal deaths (≥28 weeks of gestation and at least 500 g), occuring between 1982 and 2000. Methods: Data on deaths were obtained from the Northern Perinatal Mortality Survey. Data on live births were obtained from national birth registration statistics. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for fetal deaths in 1991-2000 compared with 1982-1990 were calculated. Main outcome measures: Cause-specific late fetal death rates per 10,000 total births. Results: Mortality in singletons declined from 51.5 per 10,000 births in 1982-1990 to 42.0 in 1991-2000 (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76-0.87). There was a greater decline in multiples, from 197.9 to 128.0 per 10,000 (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.83). In singletons, the largest reductions occurred in intrapartum-related deaths, and deaths due to congenital anomalies, antepartum haemorrhage and pre-eclampsia. There was little change in the rate of unexplained antepartum death occurring at term (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84-1.11) or preterm (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82-1.07), these accounting for about half of all late fetal deaths. Unexplained antepartum deaths declined in multiple births and in singletons of birthweight <1500 g. Conclusions: While late fetal mortality due to many specific causes has declined, unexplained antepartum death rates have remained largely unchanged. Improved identification of deaths due to growth restriction and infection, which may otherwise be classified as unexplained, is important. Further investigation of the underlying aetiologies of genuinely unexplained deaths is needed. KW - antepartum hemorrhage KW - article KW - birth rate KW - confidence interval KW - congenital malformation KW - controlled study KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - fetus mortality KW - gestational age KW - health survey KW - human KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - intrauterine infection KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - multiple pregnancy KW - preeclampsia KW - prematurity KW - priority journal KW - register KW - statistical analysis KW - United Kingdom KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Fetal Death KW - Fetal Mortality KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Survival Rate N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BIOGF C2 - 15663126 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bell, R.; Sch. of Pop. and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom N1 - References: (2001) 8th Annual Report, , London: Maternal and Child Health Research Consortium; Ahlenius, I., Thomassen, P., The changing panorama of late fetal death in Sweden between 1984 and 1991 (1998) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 78, pp. 408-414; (2003) Statistical Bulletin. NHS Maternity Statistics, England: 2001-02, , London: Department of Health; (1997) First Class Delivery: Improving Maternity Services in England and Wales, , Oxford: Audit Commission Publications; Fretts, R., Boyd, M., Usher, R., Usher, H., The changing pattern of fetal death, 1961-1988 (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 35-39; (2002) Northern RMSO Annual Report 2000, , Newcastle: Regional Maternity Survey Office; Perinatal mortality: A continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) BMJ, 288, pp. 1717-1720; Cole, S.K., Hey, E.N., Thomson, A.M., Classifying perinatal death: An obstetric approach (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1204-1212; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: Fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; Wright, C., Fenton, A., Embleton, N., Neonatal necropsy (2001) Lancet, 357, p. 1128; Cartlidge, P., Dawson, A., Stewart, I., Vujanic, G., Value and quality of perinatal and infant postmortem examinations: Cohort analysis of 400 consecutive deaths (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 155-158; (1988) Report on Fetal and Perinatal Pathology, , London: RCOG; Wright, C., Cameron, H., Lamb, W., A study of the quality of perinatal autopsy in the former northern region (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 24-28; Saller, D., Lesser, K., Harrel, U., Rogers, B., Oyer, C., The clinical utility of the perinatal autopsy (1995) JAMA, 273, pp. 663-665; Yudkin, P., Wood, L., Redman, C., Risk of unexplained stillbirth at different gestational ages (1987) Lancet, pp. 1192-1194; Peterssen, K., Bremme, K., Bottinga, R., Diagnostic evaluation of intrauterine fetal deaths in Stockholm 1998-99 (2002) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 81, pp. 284-292; Ahlenius, I., Floberg, J., Thomassen, P., Sixty-six cases of intrauterine fetal death: A prospective case study with an extensive test protocol (1995) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 74, pp. 109-117; Gardosi, J., Mul, T., Mongelli, M., Fagan, D., Analysis of birthweight and gestational age in antepartum stillbirths (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 524-530; Huang, D., Usher, R., Kramer, M., Determinants of unexplained antepartum fetal deaths (2000) Obstet Gynecol, 95, pp. 215-221; Seeds, J., Peng, T., Impaired growth and risk of fetal death: Is the tenth percentile the appropriate standard? (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 178, pp. 658-667; Cnattigius, S., Haglund, B., Kramer, M., Differences in late fetal death rates in association with determinants of small for gestational age fetuses: Population based cohort study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1483-1487; Gardosi, J., Mongelli, M., Wilcox, M., Chang, A., An adjustable fetal weight standard (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 6, pp. 168-174; Clausson, B., Gardosi, J., Francis, A., Cnattingius, S., Perinatal outcome in SGA births defined by customised versus population based birthweight standards (2001) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 108, pp. 830-834; Embleton, N., Fetal and neonatal death from maternally acquired infection (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. 54-60; Tolockiene, E., Morsing, E., Holst, E., Intrauterine infection may be a major cause of stillbirth in Sweden (2001) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 80, pp. 511-518; Mathews, J., Mathai, M., Peedicayil, A., Subclinical chorioamnionitis as a causal factor in unexplained stillbirths (2001) Int J Gynecol Obstet, 74, pp. 195-197; Stephansson, O., Dickman, P., Johansson, A., Cnattingius, S., Maternal weight, pregnancy weight gain, and the risk of antepartum stillbirth (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184, pp. 463-469; Froen, J., Arnestad, M., Frey, K., Risk factors for sudden intrauterine unexplained death: Epidemiologic characteristics of singleton cases in Oslo, Norway, 1986-1995 (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184, pp. 694-702; Glinianaia, S., Pharoah, P., Sturgiss, S., Comparative trends in cause-specific fetal and neonatal mortality in twin and singleton births in the North of England 1982-1994 (2000) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 107, pp. 452-460; Joseph, K., Marcoux, S., Ohlsson, A., Changes in fetal and infant mortality due to increases in preterm birth among twins (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. A17; (1999) Towards Safer Childbirth: Minimum Standards for the Organisation of Labour Wards, , London: RCOG Press; Rankin, J., Glinianaia, S., Brown, R., Renwick, M., The changing prevalence of neural tube defects: A population based study in the North of England, 1984-96 (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, pp. 104-110; Neasham, D., Dolk, H., Vrijheid, M., Jensen, T., Best, N., Stillbirth and neonatal mortality due to congenital anomalies: Temporal trends and variation by small area deprivation scores in England and Wales, 1986-96 (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. 364-373 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10844225385&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2004.00296.x&partnerID=40&md5=0e756a9bf14cd97c5ec78e7472b663f1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The association of maternal growth and socio-economic measures with infant birthweight in four ethnic groups T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1236 EP - 1242 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh269 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Emanuel, I. AU - Kimpo, C. AU - Moceri, V. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Seattle Epidemiol. Res./Info. Center, Seattle, WA, United States AB - Background. Both maternal socio-economic status (SES) and growth measures are themselves interrelated and are also related to infant birthweight. The objective of this study is to compare the relative importance of such maternal measures as determinants of birthweight of female infants - the prospective mothers of the next generation. Methods. The study base was derived from a population-based multiethnic intergenerational cohort: the Washington State Intergenerational Cohort. Infants of mothers from four ethnic groups were included: non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics. We generated simple, partial, and multiple correlation coefficients to investigate the association between birthweight and the maternal growth and SES measures. Results. While there were slight differences among the ethnic groups, generally each of three maternal pre-conceptional growth measures - birthweight, stature, and pre-pregnant weight - was a stronger predictor of female infant birthweight than were each of the five maternal SES factors - age, parity, marital status, educational attainment, and prenatal care onset. After accounting for the proportion of variation in birthweight explained by the maternal growth measures and maternal smoking, the addition of the five SES variables added relatively little to the prediction of infant birthweight. The maximal multiple correlation coefficients (R2) yield values ranging from 9.5% to 12.8%. Conclusions. A mother's growth before pregnancy is a stronger predictor of infant birthweight than is her current socio-economic circumstance. Since the mother's growth must have been influenced by the socio-economic circumstances of her family of upbringing, this further highlights the intergenerational contribution on a woman's reproductive success. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Birthweight KW - Growth KW - Intergenerational contribution KW - Socio-economic status KW - pregnancy KW - adult KW - African American KW - American Indian KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body growth KW - Caucasian KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - correlation coefficient KW - ethnic group KW - ethnology KW - female KW - Hispanic KW - human KW - human experiment KW - infant KW - marriage KW - maternal care KW - parity KW - population distribution KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - Adult KW - African Americans KW - Age Distribution KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Humans KW - Indians, North American KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Marital Status KW - Maternal Welfare KW - Parity KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15256518 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Emanuel, I.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States; email: emanuel@u.washington.edu N1 - References: Baird, D., Preventive medicine in obstetrics (1952) N. Engl. J. Med., 246, pp. 562-568; Baird, D., Environmental and obstetrical factors in prematurity, with special reference to experience in Aberdeen (1962) Bull. World Health Organ., 26, pp. 291-295; Baird, D., The epidemiology of prematurity (1964) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 65, pp. 909-924; Baird, D., Variations in fertility associated with changes in health status (1965) J. Chron. Dis., 18, pp. 1109-1124; Baird, D., Sociological considerations of maternal and infant capabilities (1974) Horizons in Perinatal Research, pp. 10-22. , Kretchmer N, Hasselmeyer EG (eds). New York: Wiley; Baird, D., Illsley, R., Environment and childbearing (1952) Proc. R. Soc. Med., 46, pp. 53-59; Cawley, R.H., McKeown, T., Record, R.G., Parental size and birth weight (1954) Am. J. Hum. Genet., 6, pp. 448-456; Illsley, R., Social class selection and class differences in relation to stillbirths and infant deaths (1955) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 1520-1524; Illsley, R., Kincaid, J.C., Social correlations of perinatal mortality (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 British Mortality Survey, pp. 270-286. , Butler NR, Bonham DG (eds). Edinburgh, Scotland: E & S Livingstone Ltd; Ounsted, M., Ounsted, C., Rate of intrauterine growth (1968) Nature, 220, pp. 599-600; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , (eds). Edinburgh, Scotland: E & S Livingstone Ltd; Hackman, E., Emanuel, I., van Belle, G., Maternal birthweight and subsequent pregnancy outcome (1983) JAMA, 250, pp. 2016-2019; Klebanoff, M.A., Yip, R., Influence of maternal birth weight on rate of fetal growth and duration of gestation (1987) J. Pediatrics, 111, pp. 287-292; Sanderson, M., Emanuel, I., Holt, V.L., The intergenerational relationship between mother's birthweight, infant birthweight and infant mortality in black and white mothers (1995) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 9, pp. 391-405; Emanuel, I., Intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome. Implications for teratology? (1993) Issues Rev. Teratol., 6, pp. 47-84; Emanuel, I., Invited Commentary: An assessment of maternal intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol., 146, pp. 820-825; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. I. Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; Emanuel, I., Leisenring, W., Williams, M.A., The Washington State Intergenerational Study of Birth Outcomes: Methodology and some comparisons of maternal birthweight and infant birthweight and gestation in four ethnic groups (1999) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 352-371; Coutinho, R., David, R.J., Collins Jr., J.W., Relation of parental birth weights to infant birth weight among African-Americans and whites in Illinois: A transgenerational study (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol., 146, pp. 804-809; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British Birth Cohort (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., (SUPPL. 1), pp. 45-60; Kleinman, J., Kessel, S., Racial differences in low birth weight: Trends and risk factors (1987) N. Engl. J. Med., 317, pp. 749-753; Collins, J., David, R., The differential effect of traditional risk factors on infant birthweight among blacks and whites in Chicago (1990) Am. J. Public Health, 80, pp. 679-681; Schoendorf, K.C., Hogue, C.J.R., Kleinman, J.C., Mortality among infants of black as compared with white college-educated parents (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 326, pp. 1522-1526; Sanjose, S., Roman, E., Beral, V., Low birthweight and preterm delivery, Scotland, 1981-84: Effect of parents' occupation (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 428-432; Koupilova, I., Vagero, D., Leon, D.A., Social variation in size at birth and preterm delivery in the Czech Republic and Sweden, 1989-91 (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 7-24; Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth. A Comprehensive Treatise, pp. 283-305. , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). 2nd Ed. Vol. 3. New York: Plenum Press; Migone, A., Emanuel, I., Mueller, B., Gestational duration and birth weight in White, Black and mixed-race babies (1991) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 5, pp. 378-391; Kramer, M.S., Seguin, L., Lydon, J., Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: Why do the poor fare so poorly? (2000) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 14, pp. 194-210; Rose, G., (1992) The Strategy of Preventive Medicine, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality: The Norwegian experience (1984) Acta Med. Scand. Suppl., 679, pp. 1-56; Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , (ed.). London: British Medical Journal; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies, and Diseases in Later Life, , London, UK: BMJ Publishing Group; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to realize growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: A systematic review of the literature (2000) J. Hypertens., 18, pp. 815-831; Ossiander, E.M., Emanuel, I., O'Brien, W., Malone, K., The use of driver's license files to obtain data on height and weight Econ. Human Biol., , press; Garn, S.M., Pesick, S.D., Relationship between various maternal body mass measures and size of the newborn (1982) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 36, pp. 664-668; STATA Statistical Software: Release 6.0 (1999), StataCorp. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; Klebanoff, M.A., Schulsinger, C., Mednick, B.R., Preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth across generations (1997) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 176, pp. 521-526; Li, C., Daling, J.R., Emanuel, I., Birth weight and risk of overall and cause-specific childhood mortality (2003) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 17, pp. 164-170; Williams, M.A., Emanuel, I., Kimpo, C., A population-based study of the relation between maternal birthweight and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in four racial/ethnic groups (1999) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 452-465; Shy, K., Kimpo, C., Emanuel, I., Maternal birthweight and cesarean delivery in four race-ethnic groups (2000) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 182, pp. 1363-2370; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Ferrell, C., Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: Prospective observational study (1997) Br. Med. J., 315, pp. 1189-1193; Davey Smith, G., Harding, S., Rosata, M., Relation between infants' birth weight and mother's mortality; prospective observational study (2000) Br. Med. J., 320, pp. 839-840; Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Birth weight of offspring and insulin resistance in late adulthood: Cross sectional survey (2002) Br. Med. J., 325, pp. 359-362; Sattar, N., Greer, I.A., Pregnancy complications and maternal cardiovascular risk: Opportunities for intervention and screening? (2002) Br. Med. J., 325, pp. 157-160; Gertler, M.M., White, P.D., (1954) Coronary Heart Disease in Young Adults. A Multidisciplinary Study, p. 44. , Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; Morris, J.N., Kagan, A., Pattison, D.C., Incidence and prediction of ischaemic heart disease in London Busmen (1966) Lancet, 2, pp. 553-559; Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiol. Rev., 18, pp. 159-174; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Upton, M., Height and risk of death among men and women: Aetiological implications of associations with cardiorespiratory disease and cancer mortality (2000) J. Epidemiology Community Health, 54, pp. 97-103; Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull. World Health Organ., 65, pp. 663-737; Strandjord, T.P., Emanuel, I., Williams, M.A., Leisenring, W.M., Kimpo, C., Respiratory distress syndrome and maternal birthweight effects (2000) Obstet. Gynecol., 95, pp. 174-179; Drillien, C.M., The social and economic factors affecting the incidence of premature births. Part 1. Premature births without complications of pregnancy (1957) J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Emp., 64, pp. 161-184; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach To Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344252891&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh269&partnerID=40&md5=9e5e77daabf2abe1511e4512e74d65b7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity indices among infants and their parents, Shiraz, Iran T2 - Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences J2 - Iran. J. Med. Sci. VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 161 EP - 167 PY - 2004 SN - 02530716 (ISSN) AU - Ayatollahi, S.M.T. AU - Heydari, S.T. AD - Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AD - P.O. Box 71345-1874, Shiraz, Iran AB - Background: Infantile obesity is becoming increasingly recognized as one of the public health problems in Iran. Objective: Obesity charts of a cohort of 317 healthy infants and their parents living in Shiraz (Southern Iran) are presented and the familial pattern of infants' obesity with that of its parents explored. Methods: An adjusted weight-for-height index was used to develop power type obesity indices, IP=W/HP. Polynomial modelling was used by applying the Healy-Rasbash-Yang (HRY) nonparametric method to estimate age-related smoothed centiles of obesity and dynamic obesity charts for infants and their parents are presented. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the data as continuous variables to analyse familial pattern of parent-infant obesity structurally. Results: The optimal value of p was found to be 2.5 for infants and 1 for their parents. Infants' obesity increases from birth to six months of age and decreases thereafter until the age of 21 months when it became stable. Obesity indices and circumferences sizes were reduced to two principal components interpreting infants as well as family obesity. The first principal component evaluates infants' obesity as a combination of obesity index as well as their arm, chest and head circumferences. Also the second principal component combines mothers' obesity and her arm circumference, while father obesity did not influence familial obesity structure significantly. Conclusion: Obesity is an age related phenomenon and dynamic charts presented herein are appropriate practical tools to assess obesity in both infants less than two years of age and their parents. KW - Age related KW - Infant KW - Obesity chart KW - Parent KW - anthropometry KW - arm KW - article KW - body mass KW - cephalometry KW - cohort analysis KW - disease predisposition KW - familial disease KW - female KW - height KW - human KW - infant KW - Iran KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn KW - obesity KW - parent KW - principal component analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - thorax KW - weight N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJMSD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ayatollahi, S.M.T.P.O. Box 71345-1874, Shiraz, Iran; email: ayatolahim@sums.ac.ir N1 - References: Kalies, H., Lens, J., Von Kries, R., Prevalence of overweight and obesity and trends in body mass index in German pre-school children, 1982-1997 (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1211-1217; Zimmermann, M.B., Hess, S.Y., Hurrell, R.F., (2000) A National Study of the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in 6-12 Y-old Swiss Children: Body Mass Index, Body-weight Perceptions. Eur J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. 568-572; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Castetbon, K., Arnault, N., Body mass index in 7-9-y-old French children: Frequency of obesity, overweight and thinness (2002) Int J Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1610-1616; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., CDC growth Charts: United States (2000) Adv Data, 8, pp. 1-27; Kuskowska-Wolk, A., Bergtrom, R., Trends in body mass index and prevalence of obesity in Swedish women 1980-89 (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 195-199; Massa, G., Body mass index measurements and prevalence of overweight and obesityy in school-children living in the province of Belgian Limburg (2002) Eur J Pediatr, 161, pp. 343-346; Kordy, M.N., El-Gamal, F.M., A study of pattern of body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity in Saudi population (1995) Asia Pac J Public Health, 8, pp. 59-65; El-Hazmi, M.A., Warsy, A.S., A comparative study of prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in different provinces of Saudi Arabia (2002) J Trop Pediatr, 48, pp. 172-177; Musaiger, A.O., Gregory, W.B., Profile of body composition of school children (6-18yrs) in Bahrain (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1093-1096; Al-Isa, A.N., Changes in body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity among Kuwaitis 1980-1994 (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 1093-1099; Guo, S.S., Wu, W., Chumlea, W.C., Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 653-658; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohot: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Quek, C.M., Koh, K., Lee, J., Parental body mass index: A Predictor of childhood obesity? (1993) Ann Acad Med Singapore, 22, pp. 342-347; Ayatollahi, S.M.T., Obesity in school children and their parents in southern Iran (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 845-850; Cole, T.J., Roede, M.J., Centiles of body mass index for Ductch children aged 0-20 years in 1980 - A baseline to assess recent trends in obesity (1999) Annals of Human Biology, 26, pp. 303-308; Dorosty, A.R., Siassi, F., Reilly, J.J., Obesity in Iranian children (2002) Arch Dis Child, 87, pp. 388-391; Ayatollahi, S.M.T., Carpenter, R.G., Height, weight BMI and weight-for-height of adults in southern Iran: How obesity should be defined? (1993) Annals of Human Biology, 20, pp. 13-19; Ayatollahi, S.M.T., Sizes and obesity pattern of South Iranian adolescent females (2003) Annals of Human Biology, 30, pp. 191-202; Cameron, N., (1984) The Measurement of Human Growth, , Bristol: Biddle Ltd, Guildford and King's Lynn; Cole, T.J., Weight/heightp compared to Weight/height2 for assessing adiposity in childhood: Influence of age and bone on p during puberty (1986) Annals of Human Biol, 13, pp. 433-451; Healy, M.J.R., Rasbash, J., Yang, M., Distribution-free estimation of age-related centiles (1988) Annals of Human Biol, 15, pp. 17-22; (1988) A Programme for Estimating Age Related Distribution Free Centiles, , London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Barlow, S.E., Dietz, W.H., Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee recommendations (1998) Pediatr, 102, pp. E29. , The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services; Must, A., Dallai, G.E., Dietz, W.H., Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skin folds thickness (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 839-846; Himes, J.H., Diets, W.H., Guidelines foroverweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 307-316. , The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services; Wang, Z., Patterson, C.M., Hills, A.P., Association between overweight obesity and household income and parental body mass index in Australian youth: Analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey, 1995 (2002) Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 11, pp. 200-205 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20544471575&partnerID=40&md5=566ed462d189197e78b67fe7e0e7ef6e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of factors identified in adolescence and early adulthood on social class inequities of musculoskeletal disorders at age 30: A prospective population-based cohort study T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1353 EP - 1360 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh237 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Khatun, M. AU - Ahlgren, C. AU - Hammarström, A. AD - Family Medicine, Dept. of Public Health/Clinical Med., Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden AD - Occupational Medicine, Dept. of Public Health/Clinical Med., Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden AB - Background. Social class inequities have been observed for most measures of health. A greater understanding of the relative importance of different explanations is required. In this prospective population-based cohort study we explored the contribution of factors, ascertained at different stages between adolescence and early adulthood, to social class inequities in musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) at age 30. Methods. We used data from 547 men and 497 women from a town in north Sweden who were baseline examined at age 16 and followed up to age 30. Using logistic regression models, we estimated the unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for MSD for blue-collar versus white-collar workers in men and women separately. We assessed the contribution of different factors identified between adolescence and early adulthood by comparing the unadjusted OR for social class differences with OR adjusted for these explanatory factors. Results. We found significant class differences at age 30 with higher MSD among blue-collar workers (OR = 2.03 in men [95% CI: 1.42, 2.901 and 1.98 in women [95% CI: 1.29, 3.02]). After adjustment for explanatory factors, class differences decreased and were no longer significant, with OR of 1.20 in men (95% CI: 0.76, 1.95) and 1.18 in women (95% CI: 0.69, 2.03). School grades at age 16; being single and alcohol consumption at age 21; having children, restricted financial resources, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and working conditions at age 30 were important for men; parents' social class, school grade, smoking and physical activity at age 16; being single at age 21; and working conditions at age 30 were important for women. Conclusion. The accumulation of adverse behavioural and social circumstances from adolescence to early adulthood may be an explanation for the class differences in MSD at age 30. Interventions aimed at reducing health inequities need to consider exploratory factors identified at early and later stages in life, also including structural determinants of health. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Adolescence KW - Adulthood KW - Inequity KW - Longitudinal KW - Low back pain KW - Neck pain KW - Prospective study KW - Social class KW - health impact KW - health status KW - occupation KW - social status KW - academic achievement KW - adolescence KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - developmental stage KW - family KW - female KW - financial management KW - follow up KW - health behavior KW - health promotion KW - human KW - logistic regression analysis KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - musculoskeletal disease KW - parent KW - physical activity KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - social status KW - statistical significance KW - Sweden KW - work environment KW - worker KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Low Back Pain KW - Male KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases KW - Neck Pain KW - Prospective Studies KW - Sex Factors KW - Single Person KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment KW - Eastern Hemisphere KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Northern Europe KW - Scandinavia KW - Sweden KW - World N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15513971 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Khatun, M.; Family Medicine, Dept. of Public Health/Clinical Med., Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden; email: masuma.khatun@fammed.umu.se N1 - References: Kaplan, G.A., Haan, M.N., Syme, S.L., Minkler, M., Winkelby, M., Socieconomic status and health (1987) Closing the Gap: The Burden of Unnecessary Illness, pp. 125-129. , Amler RW, Dull HB (eds). New York: Oxford University Press; Carroll, D., Davey Smith, G., Bennett, P., Some observations on health and socio-economic status (1996) J. Health Psychol., 1, pp. 23-39; Lynch, J.W., Social position and health (1996) Ann. Epidemiol., 6, pp. 21-23; Marmot, M., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M., Marks, N.F., Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44, pp. 901-910; Macintyre, S., The patterning of health by social position in contemporary Britain: Directions for sociological research (1986) Soc. Sci. Med., 23, pp. 393-415; Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Milne, B.J., Association between children's experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: A life-course study (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1640-1645; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different saps of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; Lundberg, O., Causal explanations for class inequality in health - An empirical analysis (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 385-393; Matthews, S., Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Psychological distress and work and home roles: A focus on socio-economic differences in distress (2001) Psychol. Med., 31, pp. 725-736; Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Explanations for socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Evidence from Britain and elsewhere (1994) Eur. J. Public Health, 4, pp. 131-144; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of Ill Health from Early to Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Hope, S., Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socio-economic differentials in psychological distress: Evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) Soc. Sci. Med., 55, pp. 1989-2004; Power, C., Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 411-417; Persson, G., (2001) Health in Sweden: The National Public Health Report 2001, , Oslo: Scandinavian Univ. Press; Hammarstrom, A., (1996) Arbetslöshet Och Ohälsa - Om Ungdomars Livsvillkor (Unemployment and Health - On the Life Circumstances of Young People), , Lund: Studentlitteratur; Erikson, R., Åberg, R., (1987) Welfare in Transition. A Survey of Living Conditions in Sweden 1968-1981, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; (1983) Socioekonomisk Indelning (SEI). Meddelande I Samordingsfrågor 1982:4 (Swedish Socio-economic Classification), , Statistics Sweden Stockholm: Statistics Sweden; Lavik, N., (1976) Young People's Mental Health, , Oslo: Universitetsforlaget (in Norwegian); Janlert, U., Hammarstrom, A., Alcohol consumption among unemployed youths: Results from a prospective study (1992) Br. J. Addict., 87, pp. 703-714; Henderson, S., Duncan-Jones, P., Byrne, D.G., Scott, R., Measuring social relationships. The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (1980) Psychol. Med., 10, pp. 723-734; Karasek, R.A., Theorell, R., (1990) Healthy Work: Stress Productivity and Reconstruction of Working Life, , New York: Basic Books; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class differences in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal perspective (1992) Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol., 27, pp. 284-291; Wax, Y., Collinearity diagnosis for a relative risk regression analysis: An application to assessment of diet-cancer relationship in epidemiological studies (1992) Stat. Med., 11, pp. 1273-1287; Macintyre, S., West, P., Lack of class variation in health in adolescence: An artefact of an occupational measure of social class? (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 395-402; West, P., Health inequalities in the early years: Is there equalisation in youth? (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44, pp. 833-858; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lynch, J., Hallqvist, J., Power, C., Life course epidemiology (2003) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 57, pp. 778-783; Linton, S.J., Ryberg, M., Do epidemiological results replicate? The prevalence and health-economic consequences of neck and back pain in the general population (2000) Eur. J. Pain, 4, pp. 347-354; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , London: Edward Arnold; Whittaker, J., (1990) Graphical Models in Applied Multivariate Statistics, , Chichester: Wiley; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J., Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44, pp. 809-819; Hemstrom, O., Alcohol-related deaths contribute to socioeconomic differentials in mortality in Sweden (2002) Eur. J. Public Health, 12, pp. 254-262; (2000) Women and Men in Sweden: Facts and Figures, , Statistics Sweden. Stockholm: Gender statistics unit Statistics Sweden; Marmot, M., Bosma, H., Hemingway, H., Brunner, E., Stansfeld, S., Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease incidence (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 235-239; Fuhrer, R., Shipley, M., Chastang, J.F., Socioeconomic position, health, and possible explanations: A tale of two cohorts (2002) Am. J. Public Health, 92, pp. 1290-1294; Macleod, J., Davey Smith, G., Psychosocial factors and public health: A suitable case for treatment? (2003) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 57, pp. 565-570; Macleod, J., Davey Smith, G., Heslop, P., Metcalfe, C., Carroll, D., Hart, C., Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease: Empirical demonstration of bias in a prospective observational study of Scottish men (2002) BMJ, 324, pp. 1247-1251; Lundberg, O., Childhood conditions, sense of coherence, social class and adult ill health: Exploring their theoretical and empirical relations (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44, pp. 821-831; Fredriksson, K., Toomingas, A., Torgen, M., Thorbjornsson, C.B., Kilbom, A., Validity and reliability of self-reported retrospectively collected data on sick leave related to musculoskeletal diseases (1998) Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 24, pp. 425-431 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344274426&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh237&partnerID=40&md5=29fdd915509d993f0830bb86b11b9925 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The association of grandmaternal and maternal factors with maternal adult stature T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1243 EP - 1248 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh268 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Emanuel, I. AU - Kimpo, C. AU - Moceri, V. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States AD - Seattle Epidemiol. Res./Info. Center, Seattle, WA, United States AB - Background. Stature is an important determinant of several reproductive and non-reproductive health problems. Documentation of secular trends in stature has been based primarily on cross-sectional studies of special populations, primarily of men. The objective of this study is to determine how growth and socio-economic status (SES) factors relate to stature changes among lineal female relatives, maternal grandmothers to mothers. Methods. The study base was derived from a population-based intergenerational cohort which linked several statewide databases to data from the mothers' own birth certificates: the Washington State Intergenerational Cohort. Mothers in these ethnic groups were separately studied: non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics. We generated simple, partial, and multiple correlation coefficients to investigate the association between stature and other growth and SES factors. Results. A mother's stature is determined partly by her own mother's stature and partly by her birthweight. These two measures are individually stronger predictors of stature than are several available SES factors considered in combination - grandmother's age, parity, marital status, and mother's age. The maximal multiple correlation models yielded R2 values from 18% to 28%. Conclusions. Growth measures are stronger predictors of intergenerational changes in stature than are the several available socio-economic factors. However, socio-economic factors are partly responsible for the level of achieved prenatal and postnatal growth. Since grandmother's stature is a determinant of mother's birthweight, which in turn is a determinant of infant birthweight, some environmentally influenced determinants of some birth outcomes are already established before a prospective mother is conceived or born. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Birthweight KW - Growth KW - Intergenerational contribution KW - Socioeconomic status KW - Stature KW - maternal health KW - adult KW - African American KW - aged KW - American Indian KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body build KW - body growth KW - body height KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - correlation coefficient KW - elderly care KW - ethnic group KW - ethnology KW - female KW - female genital system KW - Hispanic KW - human KW - human experiment KW - maternal welfare KW - population distribution KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - relative KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Marital Status KW - Maternal Age KW - Mothers KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15256519 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Emanuel, I.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, United States; email: emanuel@u.washington.edu N1 - References: Illsley, R., Social class selection and class differences in relation to stillbirths and infant deaths (1995) BMJ, 2, pp. 1520-1524; Illsley, R., Kincaid, J.C., Social correlations of perinatal mortality (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 British Mortality Survey, pp. 270-286. , Butler NR, Bonham DG (eds). Edinburgh, Scotland: E & S Livingstone Ltd; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , (eds). Edinburgh, Scotland: E & S Livingstone Ltd; Baird, D., Thomson, A., The effects of obstetric and environmental factors in perinatal mortality by clinicopathological causes (1060) Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Survey, pp. 211-226. , Butler N, Alberman E (eds). Edinburgh, Scotland: E & S Livingstone Ltd; Baird, D., Environmental and obstetrical factors in prematurity, with special reference to experience in Aberdeen (1962) Bull. World Health Organ., 26, pp. 291-295; Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality: The Norwegian experience (1984) Acta Med. Scand. Suppl., 679, pp. 1-56; Gertler, M.M., White, P.D., (1954) Coronary Heart Disease in Young Adults: A Multidisciplinary Study, p. 44. , Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; Morris, J.N., Kagan, A., Pattison, D.C., Gardner, M.J., Raffle, P.A.B., Incidence and prediction of ischaemic heart-disease in London busmen (1966) Lancet, 2, pp. 553-559; Brown, D.C., Byrne, C.D., Clark, P.M., Height and glucose intolerance in adult subjects (1991) Diabetalogia, 34, pp. 531-533; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to realize growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: A systematic review of the literature (2000) J. Hypertens., 18, pp. 815-831; Malina, R.M., Research on secular trends in auxology (1990) Anthropol. Anz., 48, pp. 209-227; Hauspie, R.C., Vercauteren, M., Susznne, C., Secular changes in growth and maturation: An update (1997) Acta Paediatr. Suppl., 423, pp. 20-27; Komlos, J., Cuff, T., (1998) Classics in Anthropometric History, , St. Katharinen/Germany: Scripta Mercaturae Verlag; Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth. A Comprehensive Treatise, 3, pp. 283-305. , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). 2nd Edn. New York: Plenum Press; Bock, E.D., Sykes, R.C., Evidence for the continuing secular increase in height with families in the United States (1989) Am. J. Hum. Biol., 1, pp. 143-148; Alberman, E., Filakti, H., Williams, S., Evans, S.J.W., Emanuel, I., Early influences on the secular change in adult height between the parents and children of the 1958 birth cohort (1991) Ann. Human Biol., 18, pp. 127-136; Emanuel, I., Leisenring, W., Williams, M.A., The Washington State Intergenerational Study of Birth Outcomes: Methodology and some comparisons of maternal birthweight and infant birthweight and gestation in four ethnic groups (1999) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 352-371; Emanuel, I., Intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome. Implications for teratology? (1993) Issu. Rev. Teratol., 6, pp. 47-84; Emanuel, I., Invited Commentary: An assessment of maternal intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol., 146, pp. 820-825; Coutinho, R., David, R.J., Collins Jr., J.W., Relation of parental birth weights to infant birth weight among African-Americans and whites in Illinois: A transgenerational study (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol., 146, pp. 804-809; Ossiander, E., Emanuel, I., O'Brien, W., Malone, K., The use of driver's license files to obtain data on height and weight Econ. Hum. Biol., , in press; STATA Statistical Software: Release 6.0 (1999), Stata Corp. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; Emanuel, I., Kimpo, C., Moceri, V., The association of maternal growth and socio-economic measures with infant birth weight in four ethnic groups (2004) Int. J. Epidemiol., 33, pp. 1236-1242; Klebanoff, M.A., Yip, R., Influence of maternal birth weight on rate of fetal growth and duration of gestation (1987) J. Pediatrics, 111, pp. 287-292; Sanderson, M., Emanuel, I., Holt, V.L., The intergenerational relationship between mother's birthweight, infant birthweight and infant mortality in black and white mothers (1995) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 9, pp. 391-405; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Upton, M., Height and risk of death among men and women: Aetiological implications of associations with cardiorespiratory disease and cancer mortality (2000) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 54, pp. 97-103; Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and earaly childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiol. Rev., 18, pp. 159-174; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children: Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Emaneul, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. I. Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; Williams, M.A., Emanuel, I., Kimpo, C., Leisenring, W.M., Hale, C.B., A population-based study of the relation between maternal birthweight and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in four racial/ethnic groups (1999) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 452-465; Strandjord, T.P., Emanuel, I., Williams, M.A., Leisenring, W.M., Kimpo, C., Respiratory distress syndrome and maternal birthweight effects (2000) Obstet. Gynecol., 95, pp. 174-179; Shy, K., Kimpo, C., Emanuel, I., Leisenring, W., Williams, M.A., Maternal birthweight and caesarean delivery in four race-ethnic groups (2000) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 182, pp. 1363-1370; Belmont, L., Stein, Z., Susser, M.W., Comparison of associations of birth order with intelligence test score and height (1975) Nature, 255, pp. 54-56; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Butler, N.R., Teenage mothering, admission to hospital, and accidents during the first 5 years (1983) Arch. Dis. Childhood, 58, pp. 6-11; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Social and family factors in childhood hospital admissions (1986) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 40, pp. 50-58; Hediger, M.L., Scholl, T.O., Schall, J.I., Cronk, C.E., One year changes in weight and fatness in girls during late adolescence (1995) Pediatrics, 96, pp. 253-258; Scholl, T.O., Stein, T.P., Smith, W.K., Leptin and maternal growth during adolescent pregnancy (2000) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 72, pp. 1542-1547; (1990) Vital Statistics of the United States, Vol 1. Natality, , National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, Maryland; Garn, S.M., Clark, D.C., Trowbridge, F.T., Tendency toward greater stature in American Black children (1973) Am. J. Dis. Child, 126, pp. 164-166; Klebanoff, M.A., Schulsinger, C., Mednick, B.R., Secher, N.J., Preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth across generations (1997) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 176, pp. 521-526; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , London, UK: BMJ Publishing Group; Li, C., Daling, J.R., Emanuel, I., Birth weight and risk of overall and cause-specific childhood mortality (2003) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 17, pp. 164-170; Woodbury, R.M., (1926) Infant Mortality and Its Causes, , Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; Baber, R.E., Ross, E.A., (1924) Changes in the Size of American Families in One Generation, , University of Wisconsin Studies in the Social Sciences and History, no. 10. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin; Tout, H., A statistical note on family allowances (1940) Econ. J., 50, pp. 51-59; Blake, J., Ideal family size among white Americans: A quarter of a century's evidence (1966) Demography, 3, pp. 154-173 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344306296&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh268&partnerID=40&md5=dcbfbbe18ee2cda997408d10034e0efe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence trends of obesity and overweight among 10-year-old children in western Sweden and relationship with parental body mass index T2 - Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics J2 - Acta Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr. VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 1588 EP - 1595 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/08035250410018265 SN - 08035253 (ISSN) AU - Mårild, S. AU - Bondestam, M. AU - Bergström, R. AU - Ehnberg, S. AU - Hollsing, A. AU - Albertsson-Wikland, K. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Inst. for Hlth. of Women/Children, Sahlgrenska Acad. at Goteborg Univ., Göteborg, Sweden AD - Central Unit of School Health Care, Göteborg, Sweden AD - Paediatr. Clin. and Hlth. Care Serv., Lerum, Sweden AD - Central Unit of School Health Care, City of Borås and Bollebygd, Sweden AD - Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden AB - Aim: To determine the regional prevalence, secular and family-related trends of obesity and overweight among 10-y-old children. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 10-y-old children, born in 1990, was performed during September 2000 to June 2001 at school health centres in three communities in the western part of Sweden. Evaluation was performed in 6311 children, or 81% of the target population. Data from a cohort of children, born in 1974, who form the national growth charts, were available for comparison. Results: The mean body mass index was 17.9 kg/m2 in 10-y-old children born in 1990 and 17.0 kg/m2 for 10-y-olds born in 1974 (p < 0.0001). Of the 10-y-old children in 2000-2001, born in 1990, 18% were overweight and 2.9 % obese, which corresponds to a twofold increase in presence of overweight and a fourfold increase in presence of obesity among 10-y-old children from 1984 to 2000. There was a significant correlation between parental and child body mass index. The prevalence of obesity and being overweight appeared to be higher in children whose parents did not participate in the study. Conclusion: During a 16-y period, from 1984 to 2000, a twofold increase in being overweight and a fourfold increase in obesity were seen among 10-y-old children in the western part of Sweden. Parental ponderosity or reluctance to participate in the study was related to a higher prevalence of being overweight or obese in the children. There is a need for the healthcare system to recognize the threats to the health of the population of this new "epidemic" and initiate preventive measures and treatment programmes. KW - Body mass index KW - Children KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - article KW - body mass KW - child KW - epidemic KW - evaluation KW - female KW - health care system KW - health program KW - human KW - male KW - obesity KW - parent KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - Sweden KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Catchment Area (Health) KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Prevalence KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :77 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APAEE C2 - 15841766 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mårild, S.; Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden; email: staffan.marild@pediat.gu.se N1 - References: Seidell, J.C., Obesity: A growing problem (1999) Acta Paediatr, (SUPPL. 428), pp. 46-50; Magarey, A.M., Daniels, L.A., Boulton, T.J.C., Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: Reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions (2001) Med J Aust, 174, pp. 561-564; De Onis, M., Blössner, M., Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing countries (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1032-1039; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies of British children 1974-94 (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 24-26; Bundred, P., Kitchiner, D., Buchan, I., Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: Population based series of cross sectional studies (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 1-4; Strauss, R., Pollack, H., Epidemic increase in childhood overweight 1986-1998 (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 2845-2848; McCarthy, D.H., Ellis, S.M., Cole, T., Central overweight and obesity in British youth age 11-16 years: Cross sectional surveys of waist circumference (2003) Br Med J, 326, pp. 624-626; Rudolf, M., Sahota, P., Earth, J., Walker, J., Increasing prevalence of obesity in primary school children: A cohort study (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 1094-1095; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., Hansen, H.O., Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995 (1999) Acta Paediatr, 88, pp. 431-447; Berg, I.-M., Simonsson, B., Brantefors, B., Ringqvist, I., Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in a county in Sweden (2001) Acta Paediatr, 90, pp. 671-676; Petersen, S., Brulin, C., Bergström, E., Increasing prevalence of overweight in young schoolchildren in Umeå, Sweden, from 1986 to 2001 (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 848-853; Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation (2000) World Health Organisation, Technical Report Series 894, , Geneva: WHO; Cole, T., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) Br Med J, 320, pp. 1-6; He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Population-based body mass index reference values from Göteborg, Sweden: Birth to 18 years of age (2000) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 582-592; Karlberg, J., Luo, Z.C., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Body mass index reference values (mean and SD) for Swedish children (2001) Acta Paediatr, 90, pp. 1427-1434; Erratum (2002) Acta Paediatr, 91, p. 362; Albertsson Wikland, K., Luo, Z.C., Niklasson, A., Karlberg, J., Swedish population-based longitudinal reference values from birth to 18 years for height, weight and head circumference (2002) Acta Paediatr, 91, pp. 739-754; Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthrometry (1995) WHO Technical Report Series 854, , Geneva: WHO; Whitaker, R., Wright, J., Pepe, M., Seidel, K., Dietz, W., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Maes, H., Neale, M., Eaves, L., Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 325-351; Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M.S., Cole, T., Fetal origins of adult disease - The hypothesis revisited (1999) Br Med J, 319, pp. 245-249; Lissau, I., Sorensen, T., Parental neglect during childhood and increased risk of obesity in young adulthood (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 324-327; Booth, M.L., Wake, M., Armstrong, T., Chey, T., Hesketh, K., Mathur, S., The epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-97 (2001) Aust N Z J Public Health, 25, pp. 162-169; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch Dis Childh, 76, pp. 182-189; He, Q., Karlberg, J., BMI in childhood and its association with height gain, timing of puberty, and final height (2001) Fed Res, 49, pp. 244-251; Shalitin, S., Phillip, M., Role of obesity and leptin in the pubertal process and pubertal growth - A review (2003) Int J Obes, 27, pp. 869-874; Rolland-Cachera, M., Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: A follow-up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 years of age (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 573-578; Wang, Z., Patterson, C., Hill, A., Association between overweight or obesity and household income and parental body mass index in Australian youth: Analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey, 1995 (2002) Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr, 11, pp. 200-205; Williams, S., Overweight at age 21: The association with body mass index in childhood and adolescence and parents' body mass index. A cohort study of New Zealanders born in 1972-73 (2001) Int J Obes, 25, pp. 158-163; Lake, J., Power, C., Cole, T., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Childh, 77, pp. 376-381; Poskitt, E., Defining childhood obesity: Fiddling whilst Rome burns? (2001) Acta Paediatr, 90, pp. 1361-1367 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10844290840&doi=10.1080%2f08035250410018265&partnerID=40&md5=11c0884dc7388aeb9a3f9cadc9a3cf93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schooling, socioeconomic context and literacy development T2 - Educational Psychology J2 - Educ. Psychol. VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 867 EP - 883 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/0144341042000271746 SN - 01443410 (ISSN) AU - D'Angiulli, A. AU - Siegel, L.S. AU - Hertzman, C. AD - University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops, BC, Canada AD - University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada AD - Research Centre, University College of Cariboo, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada AB - This longitudinal study examined the relationship between schooling, literacy development, and socioeconomic context, as reflected by a composite measure of socioeconomic status (SES). Reading, spelling, and phonological abilities were assessed from kindergarten to grade three in Canadian children in a school district with intensive literacy activities. In kindergarten, there were significant associations between SES and all the abilities assessed but these associations declined systematically to non-significant levels by grade three. Risk and prevalence of reading failure also decreased with more schooling. The results suggest that the attenuation of the association between SES and literacy-related skills, and the progressive reduction of the risk for reading failure, were positive outcomes associated with the literacy school program, especially in the early grades. N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: D'Angiulli, A.; Research Centre, University College of Cariboo, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada; email: adangiulli@cariboo.bc.ca N1 - Funding text: We thank the students, principals, staff, and teachers of North Vancouver School District, Robin Brayne, Mike Rockwell, Penny King, Jason Curteis, and Baragar Demographics. We thank the Human Early Learning Partnership, Sidney McLean, and Stefania Maggi. We thank Dafna Kohen and Jim Dunn for comments on earlier drafts. We acknowledge funding from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council to L. S. Siegel, and from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Killam Trust, and H.E.L.P. to A. D'Angiulli. N1 - References: Blachman, B.A., Tangel, D.M., Ball, E.W., Black, R., McGraw, C.K., Developing phonological awareness and word recognition skills: A two-year intervention with low-income, inner-city children (1999) Reading and Writing, 11, pp. 239-273; Bradley, R.H., Corwyn, R.F., Socioeconomic status and child development (2002) Annual Review of Psychology, 53, pp. 371-399; Breznitz, Z., Reducing the gap in reading performance between Israeli lower- and middle-class first-grade pupils (1987) Journal of Psychology, 121, pp. 491-500; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Britto, P.R., Are socioeconomic gradients for children similar to those for adults? Achievement and health of children in the United States (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations: Social, Biological, and Educational Dynamics, pp. 94-124. , D. P. Keating & C. Hertzman (Eds.). New York: The Guilford Press; Burgess, S., The role of shared reading in the development of phonological awareness: A longitudinal study of middle to upper class children (1997) Early Child Development and Care, 127-128, pp. 191-199; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Gordon, R., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanow, P.K., Neighbourhood and family influences on the intellectual and behavioural competence of preschool and early school-age children (1997) Neighbourhood Poverty: Context and Consequences for Development, pp. 79-118. , J. Brooks-Gunn, G. Duncan, & J. L. Alber (Eds.). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Chiappe, P., Siegel, L.S., Phonological awareness and reading acquisition in English-and Punjabi-speaking Canadian children (1999) Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, pp. 20-28; Coleman, J.S., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (SUPPL.), pp. S95-S120; Craig, J.G., Kermis, M.D., Digdon, N.L., (2001) Children Today (2nd Canadian Ed.), , Toronto: Prentice-Hall; D'Angiulli, A., Siegel, L.S., Cognitive functioning as measured by the WISC-R: Do children with learning disabilities have distinctive patterns of performance? (2003) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36, pp. 48-58; D'Angiulli, A., Siegel, L.S., Hertzman, C., Phonological awareness moderates the effects of socioeconomic variables on literacy development (2002) International Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 9, p. 70; Danziger, S.K., Child poverty, public policies, and welfare reform (1995) Children and Youth Services Review, 17, pp. 1-2; Dickinson, D.K., Snow, C.E., Interrelationships among prereading and oral language skills in kindergartners from two social classes (1987) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2, pp. 1-25; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Ehri, L.C., Nunes, S.R., Willows, D.M., Schuster, B.V., Yaghoub-Zadeh, Z., Shanahan, T., Phonemic awareness instruction helps children learn to read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel's meta-analysis (2001) Reading Research Quarterly, 36, pp. 250-287; Garmezy, N., Resiliency and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty (1992) Saving Children at Risk: Poverty and Disabilities, pp. 45-60. , T. Thompson & S. C. Hupp (Eds.): Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; Gersten, R.M., Becker, W.C., Heiry, T.J., White, W.A., Entry IQ and yearly academic growth of children in direct instruction programs: A longitudinal study of low SES children (1984) Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 6, pp. 109-121; Goldman, R., Fristoe, M., Woodcock, R., (1974) Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Auditory Skills Test Battery, , Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; Guralnick, M.J., A model of early intervention (2004) Early Intervention: The Essential Readings, , M. A. Feldman (Ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; Hagans-Murillo, K.S., The effects of phonological awareness instruction on socioeconomic status differences in the acquisition of early literacy and reading skills in first graders from low socioeconomic settings (2001) Dissertation Abstracts International, 61 (7 A), p. 2591; Harris, R., Mercier, M., A test for geographers: The geography of educational achievement in Toronto and Hamilton, 1997 (2000) The Canadian Geographer, 44, pp. 210-227; Hart, B., Risley, T.R., American parenting of language-learning children: Persisting differences in family-child interactions observed in natural home environments (1992) Developmental Psychology, 28, pp. 1096-1105; Hays, W.L., (1994) Statistics (5th Ed.), , Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace; Heath, S.B., Oral and literate traditions among Black Americans living in poverty (1989) American Psychologist, 44, pp. 367-373; Heath, S.B., (1983) Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; High, P., Hopmann, M., LaGasse, L., Linn, H., Evaluation of a clinic-based program to promote book sharing and bedtime routines among low-income urban families with young children (1998) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 152, pp. 459-465; Hus, Y., Early reading for low-SES minority language children: An attempt to"catch them before they fall" (2001) Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 53, pp. 173-182; Jantz, R.K., The effects of sex, race, IQ and SES on the reading scores of sixth graders for both levels and gains in performance (1987) Psychology in the Schools, 11, pp. 90-94; Jefferis, B.M.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 1-6; Keating, D.P., Hertzman, C., (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations: Social, Biological, and Educational Dynamics, , New York: The Guilford Press; Klebanov, P.K., Brooks-Gunn, J., McCarton, C., McCormick, M.C., The contribution of neighborhood and family income to developmental test scores over the first three years of life (1998) Child Development, 69, pp. 1420-1436; Linan-Thompson, S., Hickman-Davis, P., Supplemental reading instruction for students at risk for reading disabilities: Improve reading 30 minutes at a time (2002) Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 17, pp. 242-251; Lonigan, C.J., Bloomfield, B.G., Anthony, J.L., Bacon, K.D., Phillips, B.M., Samwel, C.S., Relations among emergent literacy skills, behavior problems, and social competence in preschool children from low- and middle-income backgrounds (1999) Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 19, pp. 40-53; Lundberg, I., Frost, J., Petersen, O., Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children (1988) Reading Research Quarterly, 23, pp. 263-284; MacKay, T., Watson, K., Literacy, social disadvantage and early intervention: Enhancing reading achievement in primary school (1999) Educational and Child Psychology, 16, pp. 30-36; Maggi, S., Hertzman, C., Kohen, D., D'Angiulli, A., Neighbourhood and class climate effects on the school performance of highly competent children The Journal of Educational Research, , in press; McCulloch, A., Joshi, H.E., Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study (2001) Social Science and Medicine, 53, pp. 579-591; McDermott, S., Explanatory model to describe school district prevalence rates for mental retardation and learning disabilities (1994) American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99, pp. 175-185; McLoyd, V.C., Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development (1998) American Psychologist, 53, pp. 185-204; Mendelsohn, A.L., Mogilner, L.N., Dreyer, B.P., Forman, J.A., Weinstein, S.C., Broderick, M., The impact of a clinic-based literacy intervention on language development in inner-city preschool children (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 130-134; Neter, J., Kutner, M.H., Nachtsheim, C.J., Wasserman, W., (1996) Applied Linear Statistical Models (4th Ed.), , New York: McGraw-Hill; Nicholson, T., Gallienne, G., Struggletown meets Middletown: A survey of reading achievement levels among 13-year-old pupils in two contrasting socioeconomic areas (1995) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 30, pp. 15-23; Ogbu, J.U., Research currents: Cultural ecological influences on minority school learning (1985) Language Arts, 62, pp. 860-869; Ottley, P., Bennett, L., (2000) Launch into Reading Success Through Phonological Awareness Training, , Austin, TX: Pro-Ed; Pagani, L., Boulerice, B., Tremblay, R.E., The influence of poverty on children's classroom placement and behavior (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 311-339. , G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.). New York: Russel Sage Foundation; Patterson, C.J., Kupersmidt, J.B., Vaden, N.A., Income level, gender, ethnicity, and household composition as predictors of children's school-based competence (1990) Child Development, 61, pp. 485-494; Pungello, E.P., Kupersmidt, J.B., Burchinal, M.R., Patterson, C.J., Environmental risk factors and children's achievement from middle childhood to early adolescence (1996) Developmental Psychology, 32, pp. 755-767; Ramey, C.T., Ramey, S.L., Early intervention and early experience (1998) American Psychologist, 53, pp. 109-120; Rosenthal, R., (1991) Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research (Rev. Ed.), , Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; Rosner, J., Simon, D., The auditory analysis test: An initial report (1971) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 4, pp. 40-48; Scanlon, E., Devine, K., Residential mobility and youth well-being: Research, policy, and practice issues (2001) Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 25, pp. 119-138; Shonkoff, J.P., Phillips, D.A., (2000) From Neurons to Neighbourhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Smart, D., Prior, M., Sanson, A., Oberklaid, F., Children with reading difficulties: A six-year follow-up from early primary school to secondary school (2001) Australian Journal of Psychology, 53, pp. 45-53; Smith, J.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanow, P., The consequences of living in poverty for young children's cognitive and verbal ability and early school achievement (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 132-189. , G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.). New York: Russel Sage Foundation; Snow, C.E., Barnes, W.S., Chandler, J., Goodman, I.F., Hemphill, L., (1991) Unfulfilled Expectations: Home and School Influences on Literacy, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Stuart, M., Getting ready for reading: Early phoneme awareness and phonics teaching improves reading and spelling in inner-city second language learners (1999) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, pp. 587-605; Vadasy, P.F., Jenkins, J.R., Pool, K., Effects of tutoring in phonological and early reading skills on students at risk for reading disabilities (2000) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33, pp. 576-590; Walker, D., Greenwood, C., Hart, B., Carta, J., Prediction of school outcomes based on early language production and socioeconomic factors (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 606-621; Wilkinson, G.S., (1993) The Wide Range Achievement Test-3, , Wilmington, DE: Jastak Associates; Willms, J.D., Quality and inequality in children's literacy: The effects of families, schools, and communities (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations: Social, Biological, and Educational Dynamics, pp. 72-93. , D. P. Keating & C. Hertzman (Eds.). New York: The Guilford Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644235992&doi=10.1080%2f0144341042000271746&partnerID=40&md5=f6bd3dc3c9466a4e0ab4c9752a5055ad ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preventing long-term welfare receipt: The theoretical relationship between health and poverty over the early life course T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 2285 EP - 2301 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.03.022 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Nielsen, M.J. AU - Juon, H.-S. AU - Ensminger, M. AD - Dept. of Hlth. Policy and Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3044, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States AD - Dept. of Hlth. Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch. Pub. H., Baltimore, MD 21218, United States AD - Royal College of Psychiatrists', Research University, 83 Victoria Sweet, London S., United Kingdom AB - Largely absent in the congressional debate regarding U.S. welfare reform reauthorization are policy discussions aimed at preventing long-term welfare use for families at risk. This study examines three social science perspectives explaining the relationship between early poverty and health as a means to understand long-term welfare receipt. Using longitudinal data collected for more than 30 years from a cohort of African Americans living in inner-city Chicago, we examined whether a social causation, health selection, or bio-social perspective best characterized the route to long-term welfare receipt. Results indicated that a bio-social perspective provided the best explanation for how early life course factors relate to long-term welfare use later in adulthood. Thus, this theory merits further study as an explanation for the relationship between health status and income. These findings point to the vulnerability of those who are both poor and in ill health, and should direct our policies regarding how to best prevent long term welfare receipt in future generations. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Bio-social KW - Health KW - Health selection KW - Long-term welfare receipt KW - Poverty KW - Social causation KW - ethnic minority KW - health status KW - poverty KW - welfare provision KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - child health KW - female KW - health care access KW - health status KW - human KW - income KW - male KW - poverty KW - social aspect KW - social welfare KW - socioeconomics KW - theoretical study KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Poverty KW - Prospective Studies KW - Public Policy KW - Social Welfare KW - Time Factors KW - Chicago KW - Illinois KW - North America KW - United States N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 15450704 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Nielsen, M.J.; Dept. of Hlth. Policy and Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3044, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; email: mnielsen@kumc.edu N1 - References: Acheson, D.S., (1998) Reducing health inequalities: An action report, , London: Department of Health; Bane, M.J., Ellwood, D., (1994) Welfare realities: From rhetoric to reform, , Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press; Barker, D., (1992) The fetal and infant origins of adult disease, , London: BMJ publications; Barnett, W., Long-term cognitive and academic effects of early childhood education on children in poverty (1998) Preventive Medicine, 27 (2), pp. 204-207; Berkman, L.F., Syme, S.L., Social networks, host resistance and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of alameda county residents (1979) American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, pp. 186-204; Berlin, L., Brooks-Gunn, J.C.M., McCormick, M., The effectiveness of early intervention: Examining risk factors and pathways to enhanced development (1998) Preventive Medicine, 27 (2), pp. 238-245; Blank, R., The effect of medical need and Medicaid on AFDC participation (1989) Journal of Human Resources, 24, pp. 54-87; Bloomberg, L., Meyers, J., Braverman, M.T., The importance of social interaction: A new perspective on social epidemiology, social risk factors, and health (1994) Health Education Quarterly, 21 (4), pp. 447-463; Brennan, P.A., Raine, A., Biosocial bases of antisocial behavior; Psychophysiological, neurological, and cognitive factors (1997) Clinical Psychological Review, 17 (6), pp. 589-604; Bronfenbrenner, U., Ecological systems theory (1989) Annuals of Child Development, 6, pp. 187-249; Campbell, F., Ramey, S.L., Effects of early intervention on intellectual and academic achievement: A follow-up study of children from low income families (1994) Child Development, 65 (2 SPEC), pp. 684-698; Conley, D., Bennett, N.G., Birth weight and income: Interactions across generations (2001) Journal Health Social Behavior, 42 (4), pp. 450-465; Corcoran, M., Adams, T., Race Sex and the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 461-517. , G. J. Duncan, J. Brooks-Gunn. (Eds.). NY: Russell Sage Foundation; Currie, J., Cole, N., Welfare and child health: The link between afdc participation and birth weight (1993) The American Economic Review, pp. 971-985; Danziger, S., Corcoran, M., Danzinger, S., Heflin, C., Kalil, A., Levine, J., Rosen, D., Tolman, R., (1999) Barriers to the Employment of Welfare Recipients, , Poverty Research and Training Center, University of Michigan; Dooley, D., Prause, J., Mental health and welfare transitions: Depression and alcohol abuse in afdc women (2002) American Journal of Community Psychology, 30 (6), pp. 787-814; (1997) Welfare Caseloads: 1960-1997, , http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/news/6097ac.htm; Dohrenwend, B.P., Levav, I., Shrout, P., Schwartz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B., Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue (1992) Science, 255, pp. 946-952; Drillien, C.M., (1964) The growth and development of the prematurely born infant, , Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company; Duncan, G.J., Hill, M.S., Hoffman, S.D., Welfare dependence within and across generations (1988) Science, 239, pp. 467-471; Duncan, G.J., Hoffman, S.D., The use and effects of welfare: A survey of recent evidence (1988) Social Service Review, pp. 238-257; Dunham, H.W., Society, culture, and mental disorder (1976) Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, pp. 147-156; Dutton, D., Levine, S., Socioeconomic status and health: Overview, methodological critique and reformation (1989) Pathways to Health: The Role of Social Factors, , Bunker et.al. (Eds.). Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser; Eaton, W.W., A formal theory of selection for schizophrenia (1980) American Journal of Sociology, 86 (1), pp. 149-158; Ecob, R., Smith, G.D., Income and health: What is the nature of the relationship (1999) Social Science & Medicine, 48, pp. 693-705; Eggers, M.L., Massey, D.S., The structural determinants of urban poverty: A comparison of whites, blacks and hispanics (1991) Social Science Research, 20, pp. 217-255; Ensminger, M.E., Welfare and psychological distress: A longitudinal study of african american urban mothers (1995) Journal of Health Society Behavior, 36, pp. 346-359; Ensminger, M.E., Juon, H.S., The influence of patterns of welfare receipt during the child-rearing years on later physical and psychological health (2001) Women and Health, 32, pp. 25-36; Ensminger, M.E., Juon, H.S., Fothergill, ., Childhood and adolescent antecedents of substance use in adulhood (2002) Addiction, 97, pp. 833-844; Ensminger, M.E., Kellam, S.G., Rubin, D., School and family origins of delinquency: Comparisons by sex (1983) Prospective Studies of Crime and Delinquency, pp. 73-97. , K. T. Van Dusen & S. A. Mednick (Eds.). Boston: Clair-Nijhoff Publishing Co; Ensminger, M.E., Lamkin, R.P., Jacobsen, N., School leaving: A longitudinal perspective including neighborhood effects (1997) Child Development, 67, pp. 2400-2416; Evans, R.G., Stoddart, G.L., Producing health, consuming health care (1990) Social Science and Medicine, 31 (12), pp. 1347-1363; Fox, A.J., Goldblatt, P.O., Jones, D.R., Social class mortality differentials: Artefact, selection or life circumstances? (1985) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 39, pp. 1-8; (2001) Welfare Reform: Moving Hard-to-employ Recipients into the Workforce, , Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office. GAO-01-368; Gottschalk, P., The intergenerational transmission of welfare participation: Facts and possible causes (1992) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 11 (1), pp. 254-272; Grundy, E., Sloggett, A., Health inequalities in the older population: The role of personal capital, social resources and socioeconomic circumstances (2003) Social Science and Medicine, 56, pp. 935-947; Haan, M.N., Kaplan, G.A., Syme, S.L., Old Observations and New Thoughts (1989) Pathways to Health: The Role of Social Factors, pp. 77-117. , J. P. Bunker, D. S. Gomby, & B. H. Kehrer (Eds.). Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., (1994) Succeeding generations: On the effects of investments in children, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Johnson, J., Hall, E.M., Class, work, and health (1995) Society and Health, pp. 247-271. , B. C. Amick, S. Levine, A. R., Tarlov, & D. C. Walsh. (Eds.), New York: Oxford University Press; Juon, H.-S., Ensminger, M.E., Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Predictors of Suicidal Behaviors: A prospective study of african americans (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38 (5), pp. 553-563; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) American Journal of Epidemiology, 117 (3), pp. 292-304; Karasek, R., Theorell, T., (1990) Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life, , New York: Basic Books; Kasl, S.V., Stress and health (1984) Annual Review of Public Health, 5, pp. 319-341; Kellam, S.G., Brown, C.H., Rubin, B.R., Ensminger, M.E., Paths leading to teenage psychiatric symptoms and substance abuse: Developmental epidemiological studies in Woodlawn (1983) Childhood Psychopathology and Development, pp. 17-51. , S. B. Guze, F. J. Earls, & J. E. Barrett. (Eds.), New York: Raven Press; Kellam, S.G., Ensminger, M.E., Simon, M.B., Mental health in first grade and teenage drug, alcohol and cigarette use (1980) Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 5, pp. 273-304; Kleinman, A., (1986) The social origins of distress and disease, , New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; Laveist, T.A., The political empowerment and health status of African Americans: Mapping a new territory (1992) American Journal of Sociology, 97, pp. 1080-1095; Lichenstein, P., Harris, J.R., Pederson, N.L., McClearn, G.E., Socioeconomic status and physical health, how are they related? An empirical study based on twins reared apart and twins reared together (1992) Social Science and Medicine, 36 (4), pp. 441-450; Link, B.G., Lennon, M.C., Dohrenwend, B.P., Socioeconomic status and depression: The role of occupations involving direction, control and planning (1993) American Journal of Sociology, 98 (6), pp. 1351-1387; Loprest, P., Acs, G., (1996) Profile of Disability among Families on AFDC, , Kaiser Family Foundation; MacIntyre, S., The patterning of health by social position in contemporary Britain (1986) Social Science & Medicine, 23, p. 393; MacIntyre, S., The Black Report and beyond: What are the issues? (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44 (6), pp. 723-745; Marmot, M., Multi-level approaches to understanding social determinants (1999) Social Epidemiology, , L. Berkman & I. Kawachi (Eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Marmot, M., Kogevinas, M., Elston, M.A., Social-economic status and disease (1987) Annual Review of Public Health, 8, pp. 111-135; Massey, D.S., The age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 4-395; McCord, C., Freeman, H.P., Excess mortality in Harlem (1990) New England Journal of Medicine, 332, pp. 172-177; McCord, J., Considerations regarding biosocial foundations of personality and aggression (1996) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 794, pp. 253-255; McGauhey, P., Starfield, B., Alexander, C., Ensminger, M.E., Social environment and vulnerability of low birth weight children: A social epidemiological perspective (1990) Pediatrics, 88 (5), pp. 943-953; Moffitt, R., Incentive Effects of the US welfare system (1992) Journal of Economic Literature, 30, pp. 1-61; O'Campo, P., Rojas-Smith, L., Welfare reform and women's health: Review of the literature and implications for state policy (1998) Journal of Public Health Policy, 19, pp. 420-446; O'Campo, P., Xue, X., Wang, M.-C., Caughy, M.O.B., Neighborhood risk factors for low birthweight in Baltimore: A multilevel analysis (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87 (7), pp. 1113-1118; Phillips, D.A., Cabrera, N.J., (1996) Beyond the blueprint: Directions for research for head start's families, , Washington DC: National Academy Press; Pless, I.B., Cripps, H.A., Davies, J.M.C., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Chronic physical illness in childhood: Psychological and social effects in adolescence and adult life (1989) Developmental Medical Child Neurology, 31, pp. 746-755; Power, C., Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32 (4), pp. 411-417; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313 (7055), pp. 449-453; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351 (9108), pp. 1009-1014; Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Mathews, S., Manor, O., Hope, S., Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socio-economic differentials in psychological distress: Evidence from the 1958 british birth cohort (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 55 (11), pp. 1989-2004; Raine, A., Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review (2002) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30 (4), pp. 311-326; Raine, A., Brennen, P., Mednick, B., Mednick, S.A., High rates of violence, crime, academic problems, and behavioral problems in males with both early neuromotor deficits and unstable family environments (1996) Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, pp. 544-549; Ramey, C.T., Ramey, S.L., Early intervention and early experience (1998) American Psychologist, 53 (2), pp. 109-120; Rank, M.R., Cheng, L.-C., Welfare Use Across Generations: How important are the ties that bind? (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 673-684; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.L., Re-thinking the analysis on intergenerational social mobility: A comment on John S. Fox's "social class, mental illness, and social mobility" (1993) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, pp. 165-172; Schmidt, L., Weisner, C., Wiley, J., Substance Abuse and the course of long term welfare receipt (1998) American Journal of Public Health, 88 (11), pp. 1616-1622; Shlonsky, H.R., Continuity in poverty along family lines: A reexamination of the intergenerational cycle of poverty (1984) Human Relations, 37 (6), pp. 455-472; Smith, J.P., Healthy bodies and thick wallets: The dual relation between health and economic status (1999) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13 (3), pp. 145-166; Sweeney, E.P., (2000) Recent studies indicate that many parents who are current or former welfare recipients have disabilities or other medical conditions, , Washington, DC: Center for Budget and Policy Priorities; Syme, S.L., Social Determinants of Disease (1992) Public Health and Preventive Medicine, , J. M. Last, & R. B. Wallace. (Eds.). Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange; Terrell, T.R., Mascie-Taylor, C.G., Biosocial correlates of stature in a 16 year old British cohort (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23 (4), pp. 401-408; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1982) Inequalities in health: The black report, , Harmondsworth: Penguin Publications; Udry, J.R., Policy and ethical implications of biosocial research (1995) Population Research & Policy Review, 14, pp. 347-357; Vagero, D., Inequality in health - Some theoretical and empirical problems (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32 (4), pp. 367-371; Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Van Den Bos, J., MacKenbach, J.P., The contribution of childhood environment to the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in adult life: A retrospective study (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 44 (1), pp. 13-24; Van Der Lucht, F., Groothoff, J., Social Inequalities and health among children aged 10-11 in the Netherlands: Causes and consequences (1995) Social Science & Medicine, 40 (9), pp. 1305-1311; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Serious illness in childhood and its association with later-life achievement (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, pp. 50-74. , R.G. Wilkinson. London: Tavistock Publishing; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health inequalities in the life course perspective (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44 (6), pp. 859-869; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work from the british 1946 national birth cohort study, the mrc national survey of health and development (1997) Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 11, pp. 2-20; West, P., Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32 (4), pp. 373-384; Wilkinson, R., Baboons, civil servants, and children's height (1996) Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality, , Suffolk, Great Britain: St. Edmundsbury Press Ltd; Wilcox, A., Russell, I.T., Birthweight and perinatal mortality: Towards a new method of analysis (1986) Internation Journal of Epidemiology, 15 (2), pp. 188-196; Williams, D.R., Socioeconomic differentials: A review and redirection (1990) Social Psychology Quarterly, 53 (2), pp. 81-99; Williams, D.R., Collins, C., US Socioeconomic and racial differences in health: Patterns and explanations (1995) Annual Review of Sociology, 21, pp. 349-386; Wilson, W.J., (1987) The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy, , Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644356894&doi=10.1016%2fj.socscimed.2004.03.022&partnerID=40&md5=ca941ae9c7fe1330b68022175810f1f8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The gendered division of labor and family outcomes in Germany T2 - Journal of Marriage and Family J2 - J. Marriage Fam. VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - 1246 EP - 1259 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00090.x SN - 00222445 (ISSN) AU - Cooke, L.P. AD - University of Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 INF, United Kingdom AB - The literature on the predictors of the division of household labor continues to expand, but the effect of this division on family outcomes has not been explored. Using the German SocioEconomic Panel (N = 628), I analyze the effect of men's participation in housework and child care on the likelihood of second birth and divorce. Fathers' greater relative child-care time increases couples' odds of second birth, attenuating the negative effect of mothers' employment. Husbands' relative housework time is insignificant in predicting second birth or divorce among couples with at least one child, but increases the likelihood of divorce among childless couples. This is evidence that the division of domestic labor affects family outcomes, but effects differ depending on the outcome and presence of children. KW - Divorce KW - Fertility KW - Gendered division of labor KW - Longitudinal analysis N1 - Cited By :66 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JMFAA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cooke, L.P.; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 INF, United Kingdom; email: lynn.cooke@nuffield.oxford.ac.uk N1 - References: Aberg, Y., (2003) Social Interactions: Studies of Contextual Effects and Endogenous Processes, , Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Stockholm, Sweden; Allison, P.D., (1984) Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Analysis, , Sage University Paper series in Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences No. 07-046. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Becker, G.S., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Becker, G.S., Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labor (1985) Journal of Labor Economics, 3 (PART 2), pp. S33-S58; Backer, G.S., Landes, E.M., Michael, R.T., An economic analysis of marital instability (1977) The Journal of Political Economy, 85, pp. 1141-1188; Berk, S.F., (1985) The Gender Factory: The Apportionment of Work in American Households, , New York: Plenum Press; Berrington, A., Diamond, I., Marital dissolution among the 1958 British birth cohort: The role of cohabitation (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 19-38; Bianchi, S.M., Milkie, M.A., Sayer, L.C., Robinson, J.P., Is anyone doing the housework? Trends in the gender division of household labor (2000) Social Forces, 79, pp. 191-228; Bielby, D.D., Bielby, W.T., She works hard for the money: Household responsibilities and the allocation of work effort (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 93, pp. 1031-1059; Bird, C.E., Gender, household labor, and psychological distress: The impact of the amount and division of housework (1999) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, pp. 32-45; Blair, S.L., Employment, family, and perceptions of marital quality among husbands and wives (1993) Journal of Family Issues, 14, pp. 189-212; Blossfeld, H.P., Drobnic, S., (2001) A Cross-national Comparative Approach to Couples' Careers, , Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Blossfeld, H.P., Hakim, C., (1997) Between Equalization and Marginalization: Women Working Partt-ime in Europe and the United States of America, , Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Brewster, K.L., Rindfuss, R.R., Fertility and women's employment in industrialized nations (2000) Annual Review of Sociology, 26, pp. 271-296; Brien, M.J., Lillard, L.A., Waite, L.J., Interrelated family-building behaviors: Cohabitation, marriage, and nonmarital conception (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 535-551; Brines, J., Economic dependency, gender and the division of labor at home (1994) American Journal of Sociology, 100, pp. 652-688; Bumpass, L., Lu, H., Trends in cohabitation and implications for children's family contexts in the United States (2000) Population Studies, 54, pp. 29-41; Butz, W.P., Ward, M.P., The emergence of counter cyclical U.S. fertility (1979) American Economic Review, 69, pp. 318-328; Chesnais, J.C., Fertility, family, and social policy in contemporary Western Europe (1996) Population and Development Review, 22, pp. 729-739; Coverman, S., Gender, domestic labor, and wage inequality (1985) American Sociological Review, 48, pp. 623-637; Einhorn, B., (1993) Cinderella Goes to Market: Citizenship, Gender and Women's Movements in East Central Europe, , London: Verso; Finnas, F., Hoem, J.M., Starting age and subsequent birth intervals in cohabitational unions in current Danish cohorts, 1975 (1980) Demography, 17, pp. 275-295; Gershuny, J., (2000) Changing Times: Work and Leisure in Postindustrial Society, , Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Glass, J., Fujimoto, T., Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, pp. 179-191; Gornick, J.C., Meyers, M.K., Ross, K.E., Supporting the employment of mothers: Policy variation across fourteen welfare states (1997) Journal of European Social Policy, 7, pp. 45-70; Gupta, S., The effects of transitions in marital status on men's performance of housework (1999) Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, pp. 700-711; Hartmann, H., The family as the locus of gender, class, and political struggle: The example of housework (1981) Signs, 6, pp. 366-394; Hochschild, A., Machung, A., (1989) The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home, , London: Piatkus; Kohler, H.P., Billari, F., Ortega, J.A., The emergence of lowest-low fertility in Europe during the 1990s (2002) Population and Development Review, 28, pp. 641-680; Lehrer, E., Nerlove, M., Female labor force behavior and fertility in the United States (1986) Annual Review of Sociology, 12, pp. 181-204; Lillard, L.A., Brien, M.J., Waite, L.J., Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital dissolution: A matter of self-selection? (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 437-457; Lye, D.N., Biblarz, T.J., The effects of attitudes toward family life and gender roles on marital satisfaction (1993) Journal of Family Issues, 14, pp. 157-188; McAllister, I., Gender and the division of labor: Employment and earnings variation in Australia (1990) Work and Occupations, 17, pp. 79-99; McDonald, P., Gender equity in theories of fertility transition (2000) Population and Development Review, 26, pp. 427-439; Mincer, J., Polachek, S., Family investments in human capital: Earnings of women (1974) Journal of Political Economy, 82 (PART II), pp. S76-S108; Mirowsky, J., Age and the gender gap in depression (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 362-380; Münz, R., Ulrich, R.E., Depopulation after unification? Population prospects for East Germany, 1990-2010 (1995) German Politics and Society, 13, pp. 1-49; Oppenheimer, V.K., A theory of marriage timing (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 563-591; Oppenheimer, V.K., Women's employment and the gain to marriage: The specialization and trading model (1997) Annual Review of Sociology, 23, pp. 431-453; Ostner, I., Slow motion: Women, work and the family in Germany (1993) Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State, pp. 92-115. , J. Lewis (Ed.). Aldershot, England: Edward Elgar; Parsons, T., Age and sex in the social structure of the United States (1942) American Sociological Review, 7, pp. 604-616; Perry-Jenkins, M., Folk, K., Class, couples, and conflict: Effects of the division of labor on assessments of marriage in dual-earner families (1994) Journal of Marriage Review, 56, pp. 165-180; Robinson, J., Spitze, G., Whistle while you work? the effect of household task performance on women's and men's well-being (1992) Social Science Quarterly, 73, pp. 844-861; Ross, C.E., Bird, C.E., Sex stratification and health lifestyle: Consequences for men's and women's perceived health (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, pp. 161-178; Ross, C.E., Mirowksy, J., Huber, J., Dividing work, sharing work and in-between: Marriage patterns and depression (1983) American Sociological Review, 48, pp. 809-823; Sanchez, L., Manning, W.D., Smock, P.J., Sex-specialized or collaborative mate selection? Union transitions among cohabitors (1998) Social Science Research, 27, pp. 280-304; Santow, G., Bracher, M., Change and continuity in the formation of first marital unions in Australia (1994) Population Studies, 48, pp. 475-496; Sleebos, J., (2003) Low Fertility Rates in OECD Countries: Facts and Policy Responses, , OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 13. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; South, S.J., Time dependent effects of wives' employment on marital dissolution (2001) American Sociological Review, 66, pp. 226-245; South, S.J., Lloyd, K.M., Spousal alternatives and marital dissolution (1995) American Sociological Review, 60, pp. 21-35; South, S.J., Spitze, G., Housework in marital and nonmarital households (1994) American Sociological Review, 59, pp. 327-347; Stolzenberg, R.M., Waite, L.J., Age, fertility expectations and plans for employment (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 769-783; West, C., Zimmerman, D.H., Doing gender (1987) Gender and Society, 1, pp. 125-151; Witte, J.C., Wagner, G., Declining fertility in East Germany after unification: A demographic response to socioeconomic change (1995) Population and Development Review, 21, pp. 387-397; Yamaguchi, K., (1991) Event History Analysis, , Applied Social Research Methods Series Volume 28. London: Sage; Yogev, S., Brett, J., Perceptions of the division of housework and child care and marital satisfaction (1985) Journal of Marriage and Family, 47, pp. 609-618 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10844249394&doi=10.1111%2fj.0022-2445.2004.00090.x&partnerID=40&md5=c63401d00cfd6d9781b4a9205384f9e3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are oral contraceptive use and pregnancy complications risk factors for atopic disorders among offspring? T2 - Pediatric Allergy and Immunology J2 - Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 487 EP - 496 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00185.x SN - 09056157 (ISSN) AU - Brooks, K. AU - Samms-Vaughan, M. AU - Karmaus, W. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States AD - Department of Obstetrics, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica AD - Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, 4660 S. Hagadorn Rd, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States AB - In utero programming of atopic manifestations has been suggested. We investigated the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use before, and complications during pregnancy (CDP) and asthma, along with other atopic manifestations. The study is based on neonates from Kingston and St Andrew, a geographic subcohort from the Jamaican Perinatal Morbidity, Mortality Survey conducted in 1986-1987. Information on OC use and CDP was extracted from maternal interviews and medical records. In a follow up in 1997-1998, via interviews with mothers, trained nurses collected information on asthma/wheezing, coughing, eczema, and hay fever. Data, specific to this paper, from birth and 11-12 yr of age was available for a total of 1040 of the 1720 members of the geographic subcohort. Using logistic regression, controlling for confounders, we estimated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). For asthma or wheezing, and coughing, aOR for OC use were 1.81 (95% CI: 1.25-2.61), and 2.72 (95% CI: 1.41-5.24), respectively. CDP was only shown to be a significant risk factor for hay fever. Additionally, a higher number of older siblings were protective for hay fever. The results suggest that asthma in childhood may be programmed in utero. KW - Asthma KW - Atopy KW - Eczema KW - Hay fever KW - Oral contraceptives KW - Pregnancy complications KW - oral contraceptive agent KW - article KW - asthma KW - atopy KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - coughing KW - disease association KW - eczema KW - geographic distribution KW - hay fever KW - health survey KW - human KW - interview KW - jamaican perinatal morbidity mortality survey KW - logistic regression analysis KW - major clinical study KW - medical record KW - oral contraception KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - statistical analysis KW - statistical significance KW - wheezing KW - Asthma KW - Causality KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comorbidity KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - Cough KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dermatitis, Atopic KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Jamaica KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PALUE C2 - 15610361 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Brooks, K.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral N1 - References: Asher, M.I., Keil, U., Anderson, H.R., International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): Rationale and methods (1995) Eur Respir J, 8, pp. 483-491; Beasley, R., Crane, J., Lai, C.K., Pearce, N., Prevalence etiology of asthma (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 105, pp. S466-S472; Wjst, M., Dold, S., Is asthma an endocrine disease? (1997) Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 8, pp. 200-204; Xu, B., Jarvelin, M.R., Hartikainen, A.L., Pekkanen, J., Maternal age at menarche and atopy among offspring at the age of 31 years (2000) Thorax, 55, pp. 691-693; Nafstad, P., Magnus, P., Jaakkola, J.J., Risk of childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis in relation to pregnancy complications (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 106, pp. 867-873; Annesi-Maesano, I., Moreau, D., Strachan, D., In utero and perinatal complications preceding asthma (2001) Allergy, 56, pp. 491-497; Ashley, D., Mccaw-Binns, A., Foster-Williams, K., The perinatal morbidity and mortality survey of Jamaica 1986-1987 (1988) Paediatr Perinatol Epidemiol, 2, pp. 138-147; Ashley, D., Mccaw-Binns, A., Golding, J., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: Aims and methodology (1994) Paediatr Perinatol Epidemiol, 8 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 6-16; Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Muller, K.E., (1988) Applied Regression Analysis Other Multivariable Methods, , Boston: PWS-Kent; (2000) Statistical Analysis System, Version 8, , Gary, NC, USA; Murray, D.M., Lawler, P.G., All that wheezes is not asthma. Paradoxical vocal cord movement presenting as severe acute asthma requiring ventilatory support (1998) Anaesthesia, 53, pp. 1006-1011; Barbieri, R.L., Gao, X., Xu, H., Cramer, D.W., Effects of previous use of oral contraceptives on early follicular phase follicle-stimulating hormone (1995) Fertil Steril, 64, pp. 689-692; Moore, J.W., Key, T.J., Wang, D.Y., Bulbrook, R.D., Hayward, J.L., Takatani, O., Blood concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin in relation to age at menarche in premenopausal British and Japanese women (1991) Breast Cancer Res Treat, 18 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S47-S50; Moverare, R., Elfman, L., Stalenheim, G., Bjornsson, E., Study of the Th1/Th2 balance, including IL-10 production, in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from birch-pollen-allergic patients (2000) Allergy, 55, pp. 171-175; Mazzarella, G., Bianco, A., Catena, E., De Palma, R., Abbate, G.F., Th1/Th2 lymphocyte polarization in asthma (2000) Allergy, 55, pp. 6-9; Kuo, M.L., Huang, J.L., Yeh, K.W., Li, P.S., Hsieh, K.H., Evaluation of Th1/Th2 ratio and cytokine production profile during acute exacerbation and convalescence in asthmatic children (2001) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 86, pp. 272-276; Piccinni, M.P., Giudizi, M.G., Biagiotti, R., Progesterone favors the development of human T helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines and promotes both IL-4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones (1995) J Immunol, 155, pp. 128-133; Szekeres-Bartho, J., Wegmann, T.G., A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1/Th2 balance (1996) J Reprod Immunol, 31, pp. 81-95; Hamano, N., Terada, N., Maesako, K., Effect of female hormones on the production of IL-4 and IL-13 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1998) Acta Otolaryngol Suppl, 537, pp. 27-31; Michel, F.B., Bousquet, J., Greillier, P., Robinet-Levy, M., Coulomb, Y., Comparison of cord blood immunoglobulin E concentrations and maternal allergy for the prediction of atopic diseases in infancy (1980) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 65, pp. 422-430; Warner, J.A., Jones, C.A., Williams, T.J., Warner, J.O., Maternal programming in asthma and allergy (1998) Clin Exp Allergy, 28 (SUPPL. 5), pp. 35-38. , discussion 50-1; Jones, C.A., Holloway, J.A., Warner, J.O., Does atopic disease start in foetal life? (2000) Allergy, 55, pp. 2-10; Burke, L., Segall-Blank, M., Lorenzo, C., Dynesius-Trentham, R., Trentham, D., Mortola, J.F., Altered immune response in adult women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 185, pp. 78-81; Peters, T.J., Golding, J., The epidemiology of childhood eczema: II. Statistical analyses to identify independent early predictors (1987) Paediatr Perinatol Epidemiol, 1, pp. 80-94; Xu, B., Jarvelin, M.R., Pekkanen, J., Prenatal factors and occurrence of rhinitis and eczema among offspring (1999) Allergy, 54, pp. 829-836; Vihko, R., Apter, D., Endogenous steroids in the pathophysiology of breast cancer (1989) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 9, pp. 1-16; Apter, D., Reinila, M., Vihko, R., Some endocrine characteristics of early menarche, a risk factor for breast cancer, are preserved into adulthood (1989) Int J Cancer, 44, pp. 783-787; Kirchengast, S., Hartmann, B., Association between maternal age at menarche and newborn size (2000) Soc Biol, 47, pp. 114-126; Westergaard, T., Begtrup, K., Rostgaard, K., Krause, T.G., Benn, C.S., Melbye, M., Reproductive history and allergic rhinitis among 31145 Danish women (2003) Clin Exp Allergy, 33, pp. 301-305; Frye, C., Mueller, J.E., Niedermeier, K., Wjst, M., Heinrich, J., Maternal oral contraceptive use and atopic diseases in the offspring (2003) Allergy, 58, pp. 229-232; Nafstad, P., Samuelsen, S.O., Irgens, L.M., Bjerkedal, T., Pregnancy complications and the risk of asthma among Norwegians born between 1967 and 1993 (2003) Eur J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 755-761; Calvani, M., Alessandri, C., Sopo, S.M., Infectious and uterus related complications during pregnancy and development of atopic and nonatopic asthma in children (2004) Allergy, 59, pp. 99-106; Stazi, M.A., Sampogna, F., Montagano, G., Grandolfo, M.E., Couilliot, M.F., Annesi-Maesano, I., Early life factors related to clinical manifestations of atopic disease but not to skin-prick test positivity in young children (2002) Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 13, pp. 105-112; Nilsson, L., Kjellman, N.I., Lofman, O., Bjorksten, B., Parity among atopic and non-atopic mothers (1997) Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 8, pp. 134-136; Piccinni, M.P., Maggi, E., Romagnani, S., Role of hormone-controlled T-cell cytokines in the maintenance of pregnancy (2000) Biochem Soc Trans, 28, pp. 212-215; Schwartz, J., Gold, D., Dockery, D.W., Weiss, S.T., Speizer, F.E., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States. Association with social class, perinatal events, and race (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; Svanes, C., Omenaas, E., Heuch, J.M., Irgens, L.M., Gulsvik, A., Birth characteristics and asthma symptoms in young adults: Results from a population-based cohort study in Norway (1998) Eur Respir J, 12, pp. 1366-1370; Steffensen, F.H., Sorensen, H.T., Gillman, M.W., Low birth weight and preterm delivery as risk factors for asthma and atopic dermatitis in young adult males (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 185-188; Gregory, A., Doull, I., Pearce, N., The relationship between anthropometric measurements at birth: Asthma and atopy in childhood (1999) Clin Exp Allergy, 29, pp. 330-333; Oliveti, J.F., Kercsmar, C.M., Redline, S., Pre- and perinatal risk factors for asthma in inner city African-American children (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 570-577; Sears, M.R., Holdaway, M.D., Flannery, E.M., Herbison, G.P., Silva, P.A., Parental neonatal risk factors for atopy, airway hyper-responsiveness, and asthma (1996) Arch Dis Child, 75, pp. 392-398; Katz, K.A., Pocock, S.J., Strachan, D.P., Neonatal head circumference, neonatal weight, and risk of hayfever, asthma and eczema in a large cohort of adolescents from Sheffield, England (2003) Clin Exp Allergy, 33, pp. 737-745; McCaw-Binns, A., Standard-Goldson, A., Ashley, D., Walker, G., MacGillivray, I., Access to care and maternal mortality in Jamaican hospitals: 1993-1995 (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 796-801; Rothman, K.J., (1986) Modern Epidemiology, , Boston/Toronto: Little, Brown and Company; Kuehr, J., Frischer, T., Karmaus, W., Meinert, R., Barth, R., Urbanek, R., Clinical atopy and associated factors in primary-school pupils (1992) Allergy, 47, pp. 650-655; Ferris, B.G., (1978) Am Rev Respir Dis, 118, pp. 1-120. , Epidemiology Standardization Project (American Thoracic Society); Strauch, E., Neupert, T., Ihorst, G., Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to 4.5% hypertonic saline indicates a past history of asthma-like symptoms in children (2001) Pediatr Pulmonol, 31, pp. 44-50; Chang, A.B., Cough cough receptors, and asthma in children (1999) Pediatr Pulmonol, 28, pp. 59-70; Dell, S., Teresa, T., Breastfeeding asthma in young children (2001) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155, pp. 1261-1265; Rangaraj, S., Doull, I., Hormones not hygiene? Birth order and atopy (2003) Clin Exp Allergy, 33, pp. 277-278 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11144334132&doi=10.1111%2fj.1399-3038.2004.00185.x&partnerID=40&md5=7a1415daaa21887ae5a4c77117b3a356 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Associations between weight status, physical activity, and consumption of biscuits, cakes and confectionery among young people in Britain T2 - Nutrition Bulletin J2 - Nutr. Bull. VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 301 EP - 309 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2004.00445.x SN - 14719827 (ISSN) AU - Gibson, S. AU - Lambert, J. AU - Neate, D. AD - SiG-Nurture Ltd., 11 Woodway, Guildford, Surrey GU1 2TF, United Kingdom AD - Lambert Nutrition Consultancy, Watlington, Oxon, United Kingdom AD - Stat. Analysis and Research Design, Wokingham, Berks, United Kingdom AB - This study explored the associations between weight status, physical activity and diet among young people in Britain, with special reference to consumption of biscuits, cakes and confectionery (BCC) and the impact of under-reporting and dieting. The sample consisted of 1294 children aged 7-18 years (655 boys and 639 girls) who had completed all three relevant aspects of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Young People (i.e. 7-day physical activity diary, 7-day dietary record and weight/height measurement) (Gregory & Lowe 2000). Age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with sedentary activity and inversely associated with moderate or vigorous activity among boys. Among girls, associations between BMI and activity were weaker. After adjustment for age, gender, under-reporting and dieting, predictors of overweight in the logistic regression model included components of energy intakes, and energy expenditure. Each extra megajoule (MJ) of energy from BCC increased the odds of overweight by 24% (OR 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.52) while energy from other foods (per MJ) increased the odds by 76% (OR 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.55-2.0). In the same model, each hour in moderate/vigorous activity reduced the odds by 26% (OR 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.61-0.90); while each hour watching television, playing computer games or listening to music increased it by 10% (OR 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.21). Thus overweight young people were no more likely to over consume sweet foods (biscuits cakes and confectionery) than other sources of energy. We conclude that the problem of overweight needs to be seen in its multidimensional context, involving activity and inactivity, energy intake and food habits. Intervention studies are needed to establish cause and effect relationships, but good observational studies adjusted for confounders, can add to the evidence base. © 2004 British Nutrition Foundation. KW - Activity KW - Children KW - Confectionery KW - Diet KW - Overweight KW - Sugar KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - caloric intake KW - child KW - confidence interval KW - diet KW - energy expenditure KW - female KW - food intake KW - gender KW - health food KW - health survey KW - human KW - leisure KW - logistic regression analysis KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - recreation KW - sitting KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NBUUA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gibson, S.; SiG-Nurture Ltd., 11 Woodway, Guildford, Surrey GU1 2TF, United Kingdom; email: sigridgibson@ntlworld.com N1 - References: Anderson, G.H., Sugars, sweetness, and food intake (1995) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 195S-201S. , discussion 201S-202S; Astrup, A., Ryan, L., Grunwald, G.K., The role of dietary fat in body fatness: Evidence from a preliminary meta-analysis of ad libitum low-fat dietary intervention studies (2000) British Journal of Nutrition, 83 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S25-S32; Bellizzi, M.C., Dietz, W.H., Workshop on childhood obesity: Summary of the discussion (1999) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70 (1 PART 2), pp. 173S-175S; Berkey, C.S., Rockett, F.I.R., Field, A.E., Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls (2000) Pediatrics, 105 (4), pp. E56; Blundell, J.E., Burley, V.J., Cotton, J.R., Dietary fat and the control of energy intake: Evaluating the effects of fat on meal size and postmeal satiety (1993) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57 (5 SUPPL.), pp. 772S-777S. , discussion 777S-778S; Blundell, J.E., MacDiarmid, J.I., Fat as a risk factor for overconsumption: Satiation, satiety, and patterns of eating (1997) Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97 (7 SUPPL.), pp. S63-S69; Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Dietary composition and fat to sugar ratios in relation to obesity (1994) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 18 (12), pp. 820-828; Bundred, P., Kitchiner, D., Buchan, I., Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: Population based series of cross sectional studies (2001) British Medical Journal, 322 (7282), pp. 326-328; (1990) CGF British 1990 Growth Reference for Height, Weight, BMI and H/c, , CGF (Child Growth Foundation) 2 Mayfield Avenue, London W4 1PW, Child Growth Foundation; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies of British children, 1974-94 (2001) British Medical Journal, 322 (7277), pp. 24-26; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) British Medical Journal, 320 (7244), pp. 1240-1243; Crespo, C.J., Sour, E., Troiano, R.P., Television watching, energy intake and obesity in US children: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94 (2001) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 155 (3), pp. 360-365; Davies, P.S., Diet composition and body mass index in pre-school children (1997) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51 (7), pp. 443-448; Dietz, W.H., Television, obesity, and eating disorders (1993) Adolescent Medicine, 4 (3), pp. 543-550; Dietz, W.H., Childhood weight affects adult morbidity and mortality (1998) Journal of Nutrition, 128 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 411S-414S; Dietz, W.H., Bellizzi, M.C., Introduction: The use of body mass index to assess obesity in children (1999) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70 (1 PART 2), pp. 123S-125S; Freedman, D.S., Khan, L.K., Dietz, W.H., Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa heart study (2001) Pediatrics, 108 (3), pp. 712-718; Gibson, S.A., Are high-fat, high-sugar foods and diets conducive to obesity? (1996) International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 47 (5), pp. 405-415; Gibson, S.A., Consumption of cakes, biscuits and confectionery by British schoolchildren: Association with nutrient intakes (1996) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 55, pp. 121A; Goldberg, G.R., Black, A.E., Jebb, S.A., Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 1. Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-recording (1991) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45 (12), pp. 569-581; Gregory, J., Lowe, S., (2000) National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Young People Aged 4-18 Years, 1. , Report of the diet and nutrition survey. HMSO, London. Office of the Population Censuses and Surveys. Social Survey Division; Grund, A., Krause, H., Siewers, M., Is TV viewing an index of physical activity and fitness in overweight and normal weight children? (2001) Public Health Nutrition, 4 (6), pp. 1245-1251; Hill, J., Prentice, A., Sugar and body weight regulation (1995) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62 (1), pp. 264S-273S; Jebb, S.A., Prentice, A.M., Single definition of overweight and obesity should be used (2001) British Medical Journal, 323 (7319), p. 999; Livingstone, M.B.E., Childhood obesity in Europe: A growing concern (2001) Public Health Nutrition, 4 (1 A), pp. 109-116; Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Billette, A., Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors (1992) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 16 (10), pp. 721-729; Macdiarmid, J.I., Cade, J.E., Blundell, J.E., High and low fat consumers, their macronutrient intake and body mass index: Further analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of British Adults (1996) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50 (8), pp. 505-512; Maffeis, C., Aetiology of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (2000) European Journal of Pediatrics, 159 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S35-S44; McCarthy, H.D., Ellis, S.M., Cole, T.J., Central overweight and obesity in British youth aged 11-16 years: Cross sectional surveys of waist circumference (2003) British Medical Journal, 326 (7390), p. 624; McGloin, A.F., Livingstone, M.B., Greene, L.C., Energy and fat intake in obese and lean children at varying risk of obesity (2002) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26 (2), pp. 200-207; Molnar, D., Livingstone, B., Physical activity in relation to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (2000) European Journal of Pediatrics, 159 (SUPPL.), pp. S45-S55; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922-35 (1992) New England Journal of Medicine, 327 (19), pp. 1350-1355; New, S.A., Grubb, D.A., Relationship of biscuit, cake and confectionery consumption to body mass index and energy intake in Scottish women (1996) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 55, pp. 122A; Ortega, R.M., Andres, P., The food habits and energy and nutrient intake in overweight adolescents compared to those with normal weight (1996) Anales Espanoles De Pediatria, 44 (3), pp. 203-208; Ortega, R.M., Requejo, A.M., Andres, P., Relationship between diet composition and body mass index in a group of Spanish adolescents (1995) British Journal of Nutrition, 74 (6), pp. 765-773; Overby, N.C., Lillegaard, I.T., Johansson, L., High intake of added sugar among Norwegian children and adolescents (2004) Public Health Nutrition, 7 (2), pp. 285-293; Poppitt, S.D., Prentice, A.M., Energy density and its role in the control of food intake: Evidence from metabolic and community studies (1996) Appetite, 26 (2), pp. 153-174; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66 (5), pp. 1094-1101; Prentice, A.M., Jebb, S.A., Obesity in Britain: Gluttony or sloth? (1995) British Medical Journal, 311 (7002), pp. 437-439; Reilly, J., Dorosty, A., Epidemic of obesity in UK children (1999) Lancet, 9193 (354), p. 1874; Riddoch, C.J., Boreham, C.A., The health related physical activity of children (1995) Sports Medicine, 19 (2), pp. 86-102; Rudolf, M.C., Greenwood, D.C., Cole, T.J., Rising obesity and expanding waistlines in schoolchildren: A cohort study (2004) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89 (3), pp. 235-237; Saris, W.H., Sugars, energy metabolism, and body weight control (2003) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78 (4), pp. 850S-857S; Saris, W.H., Astrup, A., Prentice, A.M., Randomized controlled trial of changes in dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio and simple vs complex carbohydrates on body weight and blood lipids: The CARMEN study. The Carbohydrate Ratio Management in European National diets (2000) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 24 (10), pp. 1310-1318; Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Wattigney, W.A., Adolescent overweight is associated with adult overweight and related multiple cardiovascular risk factors: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1996) Metabolism, 45 (2), pp. 235-240; Tucker, L.A., Seljaas, G.T., Hager, R.L., Body fat percentage of children varies according to their diet composition (1997) Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97 (9), pp. 981-986; Vioque, J., Torres, A., Quiles, J., Time spent watching television, sleep duration and obesity in adults living in Valencia, Spain (2000) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 24 (12), pp. 1683-1688; Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases (2003) World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 916, pp. 1-149. , WHO (World Health Organization)/FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) i-viii UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17144402916&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-3010.2004.00445.x&partnerID=40&md5=1ffd59bb49c7f49512169f0e04f80eec ER - TY - JOUR TI - A longitudinal study of pediatric body mass index values predicted health in middle age T2 - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology J2 - J. Clin. Epidemiol. VL - 57 IS - 12 SP - 1316 EP - 1322 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.04.010 SN - 08954356 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, Y.B. AU - Machin, D. AU - Karlberg, J. AU - Khoo, K.S. AD - Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore AD - Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China, Hong Kong AD - Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore AB - To characterize the use of pediatric body mass index (BMI) to predict obesity, overweight, and diseases in middle age. A longitudinal study of people born in a week in 1958 (n = 12,327). The main outcome measures are obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25) at age 33 and disease history self-reported at age 42. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed using BMI measured at ages 7, 11, and 16 years as predictors. BMI values measured at age 11 could predict obesity at age 33 with areas under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.78 for males and 0.80 for females (each P <. 001). BMI values at age 11 predicted overweight with slightly smaller AUC (each P <. 001). They could also predict history of diabetes and hypertension (AUC = 0.60 and 0.56, respectively, each P <. 01), both sexes pooled. Prediction based on BMI at age 7 was less satisfactory; that at 16 gave limited improvement. Cutoff points based on ROC curves, the international reference, and the 85th and 95th percentiles gave very different profiles of diagnostic features. Pediatric BMI may predict adult obesity and overweight with a reasonable profile of sensitivity and specificity. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Body mass index KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Prediction KW - Receiver operating characteristics KW - ROC curve KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - anamnesis KW - article KW - body mass KW - clinical feature KW - controlled study KW - diabetes mellitus KW - female KW - health status KW - human KW - hypertension KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - obesity KW - pediatrics KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - receiver operating characteristic KW - satisfaction KW - school child KW - self report KW - sensitivity and specificity KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Diabetes Mellitus KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Neoplasms KW - Obesity KW - ROC Curve KW - Sensitivity and Specificity N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JCEPE C2 - 15617958 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610Singapore; email: cheungyb@graduate.hku.hk N1 - References: Bray, G.A., Pathophysiology of obesity (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 55, pp. 488S-494S; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Van Itallie, T.B., Obesity: Adverse effects on health and longevity (1979) Am J Clin Nutr, 32, pp. 2723-2733; Crawford, D., Population strategies to prevent obesity (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 728-729; Charney, E., Goodman, H.C., McBride, M., Lyon, B., Pratt, R., Childhood antecedents of adult obesity: Do chubby infants become obese adults? (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 6-9; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? a review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Campbell, K., Waters, E., O'Meara, S., Summerbell, C., Interventions for preventing obesity in children (2002) Cochrane Library, (2). , www.cochrane.org/reviews, CD001871 Oxford: Update Software;; Epstein, L.H., Valoski, A., Wing, R.R., McCurley, J., Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children (1990) JAMA, 264, pp. 2519-2523; Hardeman, W., Griffin, S., Johnston, M., Kinmonth, A., Wareham, N.J., Interventions to prevent weight gain: A systematic review of psychological models and behaviour change methods (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 131-143; Wilson, G.T., Behavioral treatment of childhood obesity: Theoretical and practical implications (1994) Health Psychol, 13, pp. 371-372; Bouchard, C., Obesity in adulthood: The importance of childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 926-927; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Williams, S., Overweight at age 21: The association with body mass index in childhood and adolescence and parent's body mass index. A cohort study of New Zealanders born in 1972-1973 (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 158-163; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Guo, S.S., Wu, W., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 653-658; He, Q., Karlberg, J., Prediction of adult overweight during the pediatric years (1999) Pediatr Res, 46, pp. 697-703; He, Q., Karlberg, J., Probability of adult overweight and risk change during the BMI rebound period (2002) Obes Res, 10, pp. 135-140; Katzmarzyk, P.T., Tremblay, A., Perusse, L., Despres, J.P., Bouchard, C., The utility of the international child and adolescent overweight guidelines for predicting coronary heart disease risk factors (2003) J Clin Epidemiol, 56, pp. 456-462; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau London; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , Chapman and Hall London; Expert panel on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight in adults. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: Executive summary (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68, pp. 899-917; McPherson, K., Steel, C.M., Dixon, J.M., ABC if breast diseases. Breast cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors, and genetics (2000) BMJ, 321, pp. 624-628; Berrington De Gonzalez, A., Sweetland, S., Spencer, E., A meta-analysis of obesity and the risk of pancreatic cancer (2003) Br J Cancer, 89, pp. 519-523; Hanley, J.A., McNeil, B.J., The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (1982) Radiology, 143, pp. 23-36; Delong, E.R., Delong, D.M., Clarke-Pearson, D.L., Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating curves: A nonparametric approach (1988) Biometrics, 44, pp. 837-845; Reichenheim, M.E., Two-graph receiver operating characteristic (2002) Stata J, 2, pp. 351-357; Ngo, D.L., Marshall, L.M., Howard, R.N., Woodward, J.A., Southwick, K., Hedberg, K., Agreement between self-reported information and medical claims data on diagnosed diabetes in Oregon's Medicaid population (2003) J Public Health Manag Pract, 9, pp. 542-544; Wu, S.C., Li, C.Y., Ke, D.S., The agreement between self-reporting and clinical diagnosis for selected medical conditions among the elderly in Taiwan (2000) Public Health, 114, pp. 137-142; Giles, W.H., Croft, J.B., Keenan, N.L., Lane, M.J., Wheeler, F.C., The validity of self-reported hypertension and correlates of hypertension awareness among blacks and whites within the stroke belt (1995) Am J Prev Med, 11, pp. 163-169; Muhajarine, N., Mustard, C., Roos, L.L., Young, T.K., Gelskey, D.E., Comparison of survey and physician claims data for detecting hypertension (1997) J Clin Epidemiol, 50, pp. 711-718; Bergmann, M.M., Byers, T., Freedman, D.S., Mokdad, A., Validity of self-reported diagnoses leading to hospitalization: A comparison of self-reports with hospital records in a prospective study of American adults (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 969-977; Kahn, J.A., Goodman, E., Kaplowitz, R.A., Slap, G.B., Emans, S.J., Validity of adolescent and young adult self-report of Papanicolaou smear results (2000) Obstet Gynecol, 96, pp. 625-631; Luo, Z.C., Cheung, Y.B., He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Growth in early life and its relation to pubertal growth (2003) Epidemiology, 14, pp. 65-73; Jaeschke, R., Guyatt, G.H., Sackett, D.L., Users' guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (1994) JAMA, 271, pp. 703-707; Jaeschke, R., Guyatt, G.H., Sackett, D.L., Users' guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (1994) JAMA, 271, pp. 389-391; Zweig, M.H., Campbell, G., Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: A fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine (1993) Clin Chem, 39, pp. 561-577; McCarthy, H.D., Ellis, S.M., Cole, T.J., Central overweight and obesity in British youth aged 11-16 years: Cross sectional surveys of waist circumference (2003) BMJ, 326, p. 624; Foucan, L., Hanley, J., Deloumeaux, J., Suissa, S., Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as screening tools for cardiovascular risk factors in Guadeloupean women (2002) J Clin Epidemiol, 55, pp. 990-996; Fisher, L.D., Van Belle, G., (1993) Biostatistics: A Methodology for the Health Sciences, , Wiley New York; Wilding, J., Science, medicine, and the future: Obesity treatment (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 997-1000; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Back pain and obesity in the 1958 British birth cohort: Cause or effect? (2000) J Clin Epidemiol, 53, pp. 245-250 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11144284603&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclinepi.2004.04.010&partnerID=40&md5=1a5b72d741798863c9438ba195fea805 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Learning disability: Occurrence and long-term consequences in childhood-onset epilepsy T2 - Epilepsy and Behavior J2 - Epilepsy Behav. VL - 5 IS - 6 SP - 937 EP - 944 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.08.008 SN - 15255050 (ISSN) AU - Sillanpää, M. AD - Department of Child Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland AB - This study analyzed the occurrence of learning disability (LD) in adults with childhood-onset epilepsy and the impact of LD on medical and social outcome. Any LD occurred in 76%: in 57% of mentally normal (IQ > 85), in 67% of mentally near-normal (IQ = 71-85), and, self-evidently, in all mentally retarded (IQ < 71) adults. Half of the patients (51%) with LD had mental retardation. In multivariate analysis, mental retardation and subsequent LD were predicted by occurrence of cerebral palsy (odds ratio [OR] = 3.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.77-8.28, P = 0.0006), onset of epilepsy before the age of 6 years (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.57-8.42, P = 0.0026), and poor early effect of drug therapy (OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.43-5.39, P = 0.0025). Among mentally normal or near-normal subjects, a symptomatic etiology of epilepsy was the only predictor (OR = 7.72, 95% CI = 3.02-19.76). The degree of LD significantly affected medical, social, and educational long-term outcomes. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Driving license KW - Epilepsy KW - Learning disability KW - Mental retardation KW - Near-normal intelligence KW - Prognosis KW - Relapse KW - Reproductive activity KW - Social competence KW - Status epilepticus KW - anticonvulsive agent KW - adult KW - anticonvulsant therapy KW - article KW - cerebral palsy KW - childhood KW - controlled study KW - disease severity KW - education KW - epilepsy KW - female KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - learning disorder KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical care KW - mental deficiency KW - multivariate analysis KW - normal value KW - onset age KW - prediction KW - prevalence KW - risk assessment KW - social aspect KW - statistical significance KW - symptomatology KW - treatment outcome KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age of Onset KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Learning Disorders KW - Male KW - Mental Retardation KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Recurrence KW - Social Adjustment KW - Time N1 - Cited By :46 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EBPEA C2 - 15582842 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sillanpää, M.; Department of Child Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; email: matti.sillanpaa@utu.fi N1 - References: Keating, L.E., A review of the literature on the relationship of epilepsy and intelligence in school children (1960) J. Ment. Sci., 106, pp. 1042-1059; Juvenile epilepsy (1957), WHO. Tech. Rep. No. 130. London: HMSO; Illingworth, R., Convulsions in mentally retarded children with or without cerebral palsy (1959) J. Ment. Defic. Res., 3, pp. 88-93; Iivanainen, M., A study on the origins of mental retardation (1974), London: William Heinemann; Jacobson, J.W., Janicki, M.P., Observed prevalence of multiple developmental disabilities (1983) Ment. Retard., 21, pp. 87-94; Forsgren, L., Edvinsson, S.O., Blomquist, H.K., Heijbel, J., Sidenvall, R., Epilepsy in a population of mentally retarded children and adults (1990) Epilepsy Res., 6, pp. 234-248; Airaksinen, E.M., Matilainen, R., Mononen, T., A population-based study on epilepsy in mentally retarded children (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 1214-1220; Brorson, L., Epilepsi hos barn och undgdom. En klinisk, psykometrisk och social undersökning inom Uppsala län (1970), Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen: Epileptikervården; Cowan, L.D., Bodensteiner, J.B., Leviton, A., Doherty, L., Prevalence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 94-106; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the national child development study (1980) Br. Med. J., 280, pp. 207-210; Sidenvall, R., Forsgren, L., Heijbel, J., Prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in children in northern Sweden (1996) Seizure, 5, pp. 139-146; Steffenburg, U., Hagberg, G., Viggedal, G., Kyllerman, M., Active epilepsy in mentally retarded children: I. Prevalence and additional neuro-impairments (1995) Acta Paediatr., 84, pp. 1147-1152; Cornaggia, C.M., Gobbi, G., Learning disability in epilepsy: Definitions and classification (2001) Epilepsia, 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 2-5; Brown, S., Toward definitions: Learning disability, mental handicap and intelligence (2003) Learning Disability and Epilepsy: an Integrative Approach, pp. 1-16. , M. Trimple, editor. Clarius Press Surrey; Gustavson, K.H., Holmgren, G., Jonsell, R., Son Blomquist, H.K., Severe mental retardation in children in a northern Swedish county (1977) J. Ment. Defic. Res., 21, pp. 161-180; Blomquist, H.K., Gustavson, K.H., Holmgren, G., Mild mental retardation in children in a northern Swedish county (1981) J. Ment. Defic. Res., 25 (PART 3), pp. 169-186; Waaler, P.E., Blom, B.H., Skeidsvoll, H., Mykletun, A., Prevalence, classification, and severity of epilepsy in children in western Norway (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 802-810; Wakamoto, H., Nagao, H., Hayashi, M., Morimoto, T., Long-term medical, educational, and social prognoses of childhood-onset epilepsy: A population-based study in a rural district of Japan (2000) Brain Dev., 22, pp. 246-255; Sillanpaa, M., Medico-social prognosis of children with epilepsy: Epidemiological study and analysis of 245 patients (1973) Acta Paediatr. Scand. Suppl., 237, pp. 3-104; Lhatoo, S.D., Sander, J.W., The epidemiology of epilepsy and learning disability (2001) Epilepsia, 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 6-9; Beckung, E., Uvebrant, P., Hidden dysfunction in childhood epilepsy (1997) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 39, pp. 72-78; Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 324-330; Camfield, C., Camfield, P., Gordon, K., Smith, B., Dooley, J., Outcome of childhood epilepsy: A population-based study with a simple predictive scoring system for those treated with medication (1993) J. Pediatr., 122, pp. 861-868; Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 489-501. , Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy; Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 592-596. , Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against Epilepsy; A revised proposal for the classification of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 268-278. , Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy; Sillanpaa, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Shinnar, S., Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) N. Engl. J. Med., 338, pp. 1715-1722; Bax, M.C., Terminology and classification of cerebral palsy (1964) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 11, pp. 295-297; Sillanpä̈, M., Definitions and epidemiology (1999) Epilepsy and Mental Retardation, pp. 1-6. , M Sillanpää LG, SI Johannessen, T Tomson, editors. Petersfield, UK: Wrightson Biomedical; Classification of socio-economic groups (1989), Helsinki: Central Statistical office of Finland; [In Finnish]; Dodson, W.E.K.M., Hiltbrunner, B., The assessment of cognitive function in epilepsy (1991), New York: Demos; Salonen, P.A.M., Rautava, P., Suominen, S., Alin, J., Liuksila, P.R., How is the Finnish school pupil doing? Most important findings in an extended health examination (2004) Duodecim., 120, pp. 563-569; Paradiso, S., Hermann, B.P., Somes, G., Patterns of academic competence in adults with epilepsy: A cluster analytic study (1994) Epilepsy Res., 19, pp. 253-261; Hannah, J.A., Brodie, M.J., Epilepsy and learning disabilities: A challenge for the next millennium? (1998) Seizure, 7, pp. 3-13; Gordon, N., Cognitive functions and epileptic activity (2000) Seizure, 9, pp. 184-188; Berroya, A.G., McIntyre, J., Webster, R., Speech and language deterioration in benign rolandic epilepsy (2004) J. Child Neurol., 19, pp. 53-58; Dubois, C.M., Gianella, D., Chaves-Vischer, V., Haenggeli, C.A., Deonna, T., Roulet Perez, E., Speech delay due to a prelinguistic regression of epileptic origin (2004) Neuropediatrics, 35, pp. 50-53; Binnie, C.D., Cognitive performance, subtle seizures, and the EEG (2001) Epilepsia, 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 16-18; Buchanan, N., Social aspects of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence (1988) Aust. Paediatr. J., 24, pp. 220-221; Larcombe, E.J., A handicapped child means a handicapped family (1980) J. R Coll. Gen. Pract., 30, pp. 533-537; Gliebe, W.A., Involuntary deviance: Schooling and epileptic children (1979) J. Sch. Health, 49, pp. 88-92; Ingwell, R.H., Thoreson, R.W., Smits, S.J., Accuracy of social perception of physically handicapped and nonhandicapped persons (1967) J. Soc. Psychol., 72, pp. 107-116; Caveness, W.F., Epilepsy, a product of trauma in our time (1976) Epilepsia, 17, pp. 207-215; Iivanainen, M., Uutela, A., Vilkkumaa, I., Public awareness and attitudes toward epilepsy in Finland (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 413-423; Dixon, J.K., Coping with prejudice: Attitudes of handicapped persons toward the handicapped (1977) J. Chronic Dis., 30, pp. 307-322; Brorson, L., Epilepsi hos barn och ungdom. En klinisk, psykometrisk och social undersökning inom Uppsala län (1970), Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen: Epileptikervården; Corbett, J.A.H.R., Robinson, R., (1975) Epilepsy and Mental Handicap, , New York: Raven Press; Okuma, T., Kumashiro, H., Natural history and prognosis of epilepsy: Report of a multi-institutional study in Japan (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 35-53. , for the Group for the Study of Prognosis of Epilepsy in Japan; Goulden, K.J., Shinnar, S., Koller, H., Katz, M., Richardson, S.A., Epilepsy in children with mental retardation: A cohort study (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 690-697; Eriksson, K.E.T., Kivimaki, T., Koivikko, M., Evolution of epilepsy in children with mental retardation: Five-year experience in 78 cases (1998) Am. J. Ment. Retard., 102, pp. 464-472; Kalviainen, R., Aikia, M., Helkala, E.L., Mervaala, E., Riekkinen, P.J., Memory and attention in newly diagnosed epileptic seizure disorder (1992) Seizure, 1, pp. 255-262; Bailet, L.L., Turk, W.R., The impact of childhood epilepsy on neurocognitive and behavioral performance: A prospective longitudinal study (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 426-431; Schouten, A., Oostrom, K.J., Pestman, W.R., Peters, A.C., Jennekens-Schinkel, A., Learning and memory of school children with epilepsy: A prospective controlled longitudinal study (2002) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 44, pp. 803-811; Brodtkorb, E., The diversity of epilepsy in adults with severe developmental disabilities: Age at seizure onset and other prognostic factors (1994) Seizure, 3, pp. 277-285; Arts, W.F., Visser, L.H., Loonen, M.C., Follow-up of 146 children with epilepsy after withdrawal of antiepileptic therapy (1988) Epilepsia, 29, pp. 244-250; Shackleton, D.P., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite, D.G., de Craen, A.J., Vandenbroucke, J.P., Westendorp, R.G., Living with epilepsy: Longterm prognosis and psychosocial outcomes (2003) Neurology, 61, pp. 64-70 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10844220717&doi=10.1016%2fj.yebeh.2004.08.008&partnerID=40&md5=921d0c93fe259a8ea378bacc015be39f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of congenital colour vision deficiency on education and unintentional injuries: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 329 IS - 7474 SP - 1074 EP - 1075 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1136/bmj.38176.685208.F7 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Cumberland, P. AU - Rahi, J.S. AU - Peckham, C.S. AD - C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom KW - academic achievement KW - accident KW - adaptation KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - color vision defect KW - congenital color vision deficiency KW - education KW - female KW - genetic disorder KW - human KW - injury KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mathematics KW - occupational accident KW - priority journal KW - reading KW - screening KW - traffic accident KW - unintentional injury KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Color Vision Defects KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Risk Factors KW - Wounds and Injuries N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 15465847 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rahi, J.S.; C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: j.rahi@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: (1987) Colour Vision, pp. 1-8. , London: HMSO. (Medical series guidance notes MS7); Hofroyd, E., Hall, D.M.B., A re-appraisal of screening for colour vision impairments (1997) Child Care Health Dev, 23, pp. 391-398; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Ghodsian, M., Long-term changes in the school attainment of a national sample of children (1978) Educ Res, 20, pp. 300-305; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socio-economic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Lampe, L.M.L., Doster, M.E., Beal, B.B., Summary of three year study of academic and school achievement between color-deficient and normal primary age pupils: Phase 2 (1973) J Sch Health, 43, pp. 309-311 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8544270126&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38176.685208.F7&partnerID=40&md5=48ae8109fba8a4b714e675eb8e06d5bf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time trends in adolescent mental health T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 45 IS - 8 SP - 1350 EP - 1362 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00335.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Collishaw, S. AU - Maughan, B. AU - Goodman, R. AU - Pickles, A. AD - MRC Social Genet./Devmtl. Psychiat., Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AD - School of Epidemiology/Hlth. Science, Centre for Census/Survey Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom AB - Background: Existing evidence points to a substantial rise in psychosocial disorders affecting young people over the past 50 years (Rutter & Smith, 1995). However, there are major methodological challenges in providing conclusive answers about secular changes in disorder. Comparisons of rates of disorder at different time points are often affected by changes in diagnostic criteria, differences in assessment methods, and changes in official reporting practices. Few studies have examined this issue using the same instruments at each time point. Methods: The current study assessed the extent to which conduct, hyperactive and emotional problems have become more common over a 25-year period in three general population samples of UK adolescents. The samples used in this study were the adolescent sweeps of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 Birth Cohort Study, and the 1999 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Comparable questionnaires were completed by parents of 15-16-year-olds at each time point (1974, 1986, and 1999). Results and conclusions: Results showed a substantial increase in adolescent conduct problems over the 25-year study period that has affected males and females, all social classes and all family types. There was also evidence for a recent rise in emotional problems, but mixed evidence in relation to rates of hyperactive behaviour. Further analyses using longitudinal data from the first two cohorts showed that long-term outcomes for adolescents with conduct problems were closely similar. This provided evidence that observed trends were unaffected by possible changes in reporting thresholds. © Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004. KW - Adolescence KW - Birth cohorts KW - Mental health KW - Time trends KW - UK KW - adolescent KW - adolescent disease KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child development KW - childbirth KW - clinical study KW - cohort analysis KW - conduct disorder KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - emotional disorder KW - evidence based medicine KW - family KW - female KW - health survey KW - human KW - hyperactivity KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - outcomes research KW - parent KW - population research KW - questionnaire KW - sampling KW - social class KW - time KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity KW - Conduct Disorder KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Mood Disorders KW - Population Surveillance KW - Prevalence KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - United States N1 - Cited By :372 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPPDA C2 - 15482496 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Collishaw, S.; MRC Social Genet./Devmtl. Psychiat., Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; email: s.collishaw@iop.kcl.ac.uk N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., Conners, C.K., Quay, H.C., Verhulst, F.C., Howell, C.T., Replication of empirically derived syndromes as a basis for taxonomy of child/adolescent psychopathology (1989) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, pp. 299-323; Achenbach, T.M., Dumenci, L., Rescorla, L.A., Ten-year comparisons of problems and competencies for national samples of youth: Self, parent and teacher reports (2002) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 10, pp. 194-203; Achenbach, T.M., Dumenci, L., Rescorla, L.A., Are American children's problems still getting worse? A 23-year comparison (2003) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, pp. 1-11; Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Erkanli, A., Comorbidity (1999) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, pp. 57-87; Butler, N., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-Year-Olds, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Caron, C., Rutter, M., Comorbidity in child psychopathology - Concepts, issues and research strategies (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1063-1080; The changing rate of major depression (1992) Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, pp. 3098-3105. , Cross-National Collaborative Group; Dickens, W.T., Flynn, J.R., Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: The IQ paradox resolved (2001) Psychological Review, 108, pp. 346-369; Diekstra, R.F.W., Kienhorst, C.W.M., de Wilde, E.J., Suicide and suicidal behaviour among adolescents (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 686-782. , M. Rutter & D.J. Smith (Eds.), Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; East, K., Campbell, S., (1999) Aspects of Crime. Young Offenders 1999, , http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/youthjustice1.html, Home Office Internet publication. Retrieved 14 March from; Elander, J., Rutter, M., Use and development of the Rutter parents' and teachers' scales (1996) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 6, pp. 63-78; Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression (2002) Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, pp. 225-231; Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M., (2003) Changing Britain. Changing Lives. Three Generations at the Turn of the Century, , London: Institute of Education Publications; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , London: MacMillan; Fombonne, E., Increased rates of psychosocial disorders in youth (1998) European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 248, pp. 14-21; Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper, V., Harrington, R., Rutter, M., The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. I. Psychiatric outcomes in adulthood (2001) British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, pp. 210-217; Goodman, R., The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 581-586; Hess, L.E., Changing family patterns in Western Europe: Opportunity and risk factors for adolescent development (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 104-193. , M. Rutter & D.J. Smith (Eds.), Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; Hill, J., Biological, psychological and social processes in the conduct disorders (2002) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, pp. 133-164; Hill, J., Maughan, B., Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence (2001), pp. 507-552. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Suicide among children, adolescents, and young adults: United States, 1980-1992 (1995) Journal of the American Medical Association, 274, pp. 451-452. , JAMA. (editorial); De Jong, P.F., Short-term trends in Dutch children's attention problems (1997) European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 6, pp. 73-80; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Swartz, M., Blazer, D.G., Nelson, C.B., Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I. Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence (1993) Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, pp. 85-96; King, M., At risk drinking among general practice attenders: Validation of the CAGE questionnaire (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 213-217; Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Klein, D.N., Seeley, J.R., Natural course of adolescent major depressive disorder: I. Continuity into young adulthood (1999) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, pp. 56-63; Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., Fischer, S.A., Age-cohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental disorders (1993) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, pp. 110-120; Mander, A., Clayton, D., HOTDECK: Stata module to impute missing values using the hotdeck method (1999), Statistical Software Components S36690 (rev. 12 September 2002). Boston MA: Boston College, Department of Economics; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Self-rated health and longstanding illness: Inter-relationships with morbidity in early adulthood (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 600-607; Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Rowe, R., Costello, E.J., Angold, A., Developmental trajectories of aggressive and non-aggressive conduct problems (2000) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16, pp. 199-221; Maughan, B., Rutter, M., Antisocial children grown up (2001) Conduct Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, pp. 507-552. , J. Hill & B. Maughan (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Mayfield, D., McLeod, G., Hall, P., The CAGE questionnaire. Validation of a new alcohol screening instrument (1974) American Journal of Psychiatry, 131, pp. 1121-1123; Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., Ford, T., (2000) The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in Great Britain: Summary Report, , London: The Stationery Office; Nazroo, J., Becher, H., Kelly, Y., McMunn, A., Children's health (2001) Health Survey for England: The Health of Minority Ethnic Groups '99. Vol. 1: Findings, , B. Erens, P. Primatesta, & G. Prior (Eds.), London: The Stationery Office; (2000) Population Trends, 102. , Office for National Statistics. London: The Stationery Office; (1993) Standard Occupational Classification, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. London: The Stationery Office; Prosser, J., McArdle, P., The changing mental health of children and adolescents: Evidence for a deterioration? (1996) Psychological Medicine, 26, pp. 715-725; Rahim, S.I.A., Cederblad, M., Effects of rapid urbanisation on child behaviour and health in a part of Khartoum, Sudan (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 629-641; Roberts, R.E., Attkisson, C.C., Rosenblatt, A., Prevalence of psychopathology among children and adolescents (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 715-725; Robins, L.N., Making sense of the increasing prevalence of conduct disorder (2001) Research and Innovation on the Road to Modern Child Psychiatry. Vol. 1. Festschrift for Professor Sir Michael Rutter, pp. 115-128. , J. Green & W. Yule (Eds.), Glasgow: Gaskell; Robins, L.N., Regier, D.A., (1991) Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, , New York: The Free Press; Rubin, D.B., (1987) Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys, , New York: John Wiley and Sons; Rutter, M., Causal concepts and their testing (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 7-34. , M. Rutter & D.J. Smith (Eds.), Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; Rutter, M., Psychosocial adversity and child psychopathology (2001) Research and Innovation on the Road to Modern Child Psychiatry. Vol. 1. Festschrift for Professor Sir Michael Rutter, pp. 129-152. , J. Green & W. Yule (Eds.), Glasgow: Gaskell; Rutter, M., Giller, H., Hagell, A., (1998) Antisocial Behavior By Young People, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Smith, D.J., (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, , Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Schafer, J.L., (1997) Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data, , London: Chapman & Hall; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence of context, timing, and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to midadulthood (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504; Scott, S., Knapp, M., Henderson, J., Maughan, B., Financial cost of social exclusion: Follow up study of antisocial children into adulthood (2001) British Medical Journal, 323, pp. 191-194; Shaffer, D., The epidemiology of teen suicide: An examination of risk factors (1988) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 49, pp. 36-41; Smith, D.J., Rutter, M., Time trends in psychosocial disorders of youth (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 763-781. , M. Rutter & D.J. Smith (Eds.), Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; (2002) Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0, , StataCorp. College Station, Texas: Stata; Verhulst, F.C., van der Ende, J., Rietbergen, A., Ten-year time trends of psychopathology in Dutch children and adolescents: No evidence for strong trends (1997) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 96, pp. 7-13; West, P., Sweeting, H., Fifteen, female and stressed: Changing patterns of psychological distress over time (2003) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, pp. 399-411 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7444243860&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.2004.00335.x&partnerID=40&md5=a76f5c81da1f2cae10ced8a094540bec ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are inequalities in height narrowing? Comparing effects of social class on height in two generations T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 89 IS - 11 SP - 1018 EP - 1023 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1136/adc.2003.035162 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Li, L. AU - Manor, O. AU - Power, C. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, POB 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel AB - Objective: To determine whether social inequalities in height change across generations. Methods: The target population was from the 1958 British birth cohort, all born 3rd-9th March 1958, followed to 1991, and the offspring of one third of this population. Main outcomes were height measured at 7, 11, 16, and 33 years (cohort members) and once at 4-18 years (offspring). Multilevel models applied to associations of social class of origin with (a) child-to-adult growth trajectory (cohort members), (b) height (offspring), and (c) generational height increment. Results: Height inequalities were observed among cohort members, with differences > 2.0 cm at all ages between classes I and II, and IV and V. By adulthood, the difference in mean height had declined significantly in boys and slightly in girls. A secular trend was seen between the two generations. While male offspring had a similar mean height to their fathers in classes I and II, boys in classes IV and V gained 2.1 cm (p<0.001). Height gains of female offspring were evident in all classes, with a greater gain in classes IV and V (non-significant). The social class effect on height was weaker among offspring, with a difference between classes I and II, and IV and V of less than 1 cm. Conclusions: Social inequalities in height observed among the cohort weakened substantially in the next generation due to a greater height gain among offspring from manual classes. Inequalities in childhood height have narrowed between the two generations in this study. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth KW - body height KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - gender KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - outcomes research KW - priority journal KW - social class KW - statistical significance KW - United Kingdom KW - aging KW - anthropometry KW - child KW - comparative study KW - growth KW - methodology KW - middle aged KW - pathology KW - preschool child KW - sexual development KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aging KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 15499054 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Li, L.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom; email: lli@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Cole, T.J., Secular trends in growth (2000) Proc Nutr Soc, 59 (2), pp. 317-324; Kuh, D.L., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20 (4), pp. 1001-1009; Waaler, H.T.H., Height, weight and mortality. The Norwegian experience (1984) Acta Med Scand, 679 (S), pp. 1-56; Leon, D.A., Davey-Smith, G., Shipley, M., Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socio economic confounding or shrinkage? (1995) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 49, pp. 5-9; Andersson, S.O., Wolk, A., Bergstrom, R., Body size and prostate cancer: A 20-year follow-up study among 135 006 Swedish construction workers (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst, 89 (5), pp. 385-389; Frankel, S., Gunnell, D.J., Peters, T.J., Childhood energy intake and adult mortality from cancer: The Boyd Orr Cohort Study (1998) BMJ, 316 (7130), pp. 499-504; Gunnell, D.J., Smith, G.D., Holly, J.M., Leg length and risk of cancer in the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) BMJ, 317 (7169), pp. 1350-1351; Davey-Smith, G., Hart, C., Upton, M., Height and risk of death among men and women: Aetiological implications of associations with cardiorespiratory disease and cancer mortality (2000) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 54 (2), pp. 97-103; Meyer, H.E., Tverdal, A., Falch, J.A., Risk factors far hip fracture in middle-aged Norwegian women and men (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 137 (11), pp. 1203-1211; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban school children in relation to socio-economic and regional factors (1976) Ann Hum Biol, 3 (6), pp. 501-528; Rosenbaum, S., Skinner, R.K., Knight, I.B., A survey of heights and weights of adults in Great Britain, 1980 (1985) Ann Hum Biol, 12 (2), pp. 115-127; Bielicki, T., Waliszko, A., Hulanicka, B., Social-class gradients in menarcheal age in Poland (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13 (1), pp. 1-11; Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18 (3), pp. 663-668; Sichieri, R., Taddei, J.A., Everhart, J.E., Influence of parental height and sociodemographic factors on adolescent height in Brazil (2000) J Adolesc Health, 26 (6), pp. 414-419; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups: An overview of 10 European countries (2000) Ann Hum Biol, 27 (4), pp. 407-421; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., Environmental influences on growth (1990) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth. 2nd Ed., pp. 191-207. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in pre-war Britain (1998) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 52, pp. 142-152; Davey-Smitti, D., Greenwood, R., Gunnell, D., Leg length, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk: The Caerphilly Study (2001) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 55 (12), pp. 867-872; Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7 (4), pp. 307-322; Lindgren, G.W., Cernerud, L., Physical growth and socioeconomic background of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933-63 (1992) Ann Hum Biol, 19 (1), pp. 1-16; Kromeyer, K., Hauspie, R.C., Susanne, C., Socioeconomic factors and growth during childhood and early adolescence in Jena children (1997) Ann Hum Biol, 24 (4), pp. 343-353; Prebeg, Z., Changes in growth patterns in Zagreb school children related to socio-economic background over the period 1973-1991 (1998) Ann Hum Biol, 25 (5), pp. 425-439; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children. Results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Cernerud, L., Differences in height between socially more and less privileged 10 year old Stockholm children born in 1933-1963 (1992) Scand J Soc Med, 20 (1), pp. 5-10; Jansen, W., Hazebroek-Kampschreur, A.A., Differences in height and weight between children living in neighbourhoods of different socioeconomic status (1997) Acta Paediatr, 86 (2), pp. 224-225; (1994) National Child Development Study Composite File Including Selected Perinatal Data and Sweeps One to Five [Computer File], , National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive [distributor]. SN:3148; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, 2nd Ed., , New York: Wiley; Freeman, J.V., Cole, T.J., Chinn, S., Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73 (1), pp. 17-24; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; (1991) Social Trends, Vol 21. 21st Ed., , London: CSO; Haskey, J., Trends in the numbers of one-parent families in Great Britain (1993) Popul Trends, 71, pp. 26-33; (1991) Mortality Statistics, , Perinatal and infant: social and biological factors 1991, Series DH3 no.25. London: HMSO, 1991; Nystrom Peck, A.M., Vagero, D.H., Adult body height and childhood socioeconomic group in the Swedish population (1987) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 41 (4), pp. 333-337; Nystram Peck, A.M., Lundberg, O., Short stature as an effect of economic and social conditions in childhood (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41 (5), pp. 733-738; Power, C., Manor, O., Li, L., Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height selection in a cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325 (7356), pp. 131-134; Bielicki, T., Waliszko, H., Stature, upward social mobility and the nature of statural differences between social classes (1992) Ann Hum Biol, 19 (6), pp. 589-593; Tanner, J.M., (1981) A History of the Study of Human Growth, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Takaishi, M., Secular changes in growth of Japanese children (1994) J Pediatr Endocrinol, 7 (2), pp. 163-173; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch Dis Child, 76 (3), pp. 182-189; Teasdale, T.W., Sorensen, T.I., Owen, D.R., Fall in association of height with intelligence and educational level (1989) BMJ, 298 (6683), pp. 1292-1293; Mackenbach, J.P., Narrowing inequalities in children's height (1991) Lancet, 338 (8769), p. 764; Rona, R.J., The impact of the environment on height in Europe: Conceptual and theoretical considerations (2000) Ann Hum Biol, 27 (2), pp. 111-126; Alberman, E., Filakti, H., Williams, S., Early influences on the secular change in adult height between the parents and children of the 1958 birth cohort (1991) Ann Hum Biol, 18 (2), pp. 127-136; Van Wieringen, Secular growth changes (1986) Human Growth, pp. 307-331. , Falkner F, Tanner J, eds. New York: Plenum Press; Bielicki, T., Malina, R.M., Waliszko, H., Monitoring the dynamic of social stratification: Statural variation among Polish conscripts in 1976 and 1986 (1992) Am J Hum Biol, 4, pp. 345-352; Bielicki, T., Szklarska, A., Secular trends in stature in Poland: National and social class-specific (1999) Ann Hum Biol, 26 (3), pp. 251-258; Padez, C., Johnston, F., Secular trends in male adult height 1904-1996 in relation to place of residence and parent's educational level in Portugal (1999) Ann Hum Biol, 26 (3), pp. 287-298; Gregg, P., Harkness, S., Machin, S., Poor kids: Trends in the child poverty in Britain, 1968-96 (1999) Fiscal Studies, 20 (2), pp. 163-187 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7944228694&doi=10.1136%2fadc.2003.035162&partnerID=40&md5=5aaae09c7355385cbe493e14da8bb18d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth cohort studies in psychiatry: Beginning at the beginning T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 34 IS - 8 SP - 1375 EP - 1383 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1017/S0033291704003277 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Colman, I. AU - Jones, P.B. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom KW - cannabis KW - alcoholism KW - analytical error KW - birth order KW - cannabis addiction KW - case control study KW - child development KW - child parent relation KW - child psychiatry KW - cognitive defect KW - cohort analysis KW - delusion KW - dementia KW - depression KW - environmental exposure KW - habit KW - hallucination KW - heredity KW - human KW - hypothesis KW - information processing KW - life event KW - longitudinal study KW - low birth weight KW - medical literature KW - MEDLINE KW - mental disease KW - methodology KW - national health service KW - neuroscience KW - New Zealand KW - privacy KW - prospective study KW - psychoanalysis KW - psychological aspect KW - psychology KW - research ethics KW - retrospective study KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - schizophrenia KW - social aspect KW - survival KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Mental Disorders KW - Psychiatry KW - Research Design N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 15724869 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jones, P.B.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom; email: pbj21@cam.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7 N1 - References: Andréasson, S., Allebeck, P., Engström, A., Rydberg, U., Cannabis and schizophrenia. A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts (1987) Lancet, 2, pp. 1483-1486; Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Poulton, R., Murray, R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: Longitudinal prospective study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 1212-1213; Barker, D.J.P., (1993) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , British Medical Journal: Plymouth; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies, and Disease in Later Life, , British Medical Journal: Plymouth; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 285-293; Brewer, R.I., Haslum, M.N., Stewart-Brown, S., Recent findings from the 1970 Child Health and Education Study (1982) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 75, pp. 781-784; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , E & S Livingstone: Edinburgh; Cannon, M., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Harrington, H., Taylor, A., Murray, R.M., Poulton, R., Evidence for early-childhood, pan-developmental impairment specific to schizophreniform disorder: Results from a longitudinal birth cohort (2002) Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, pp. 449-456; Cannon, M., Jones, P., Huttunen, M.O., Tanskanen, A., Huttunen, T., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Murray, R.M., School performance in Finnish children and later development of schizophrenia: A population-based longitudinal study (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 457-463; Cannon, T.D., van Erp, T.G., Bearden, C.E., Loewy, R., Thompson, P., Toga, A.W., Huttunen, M.O., Tsuang, M.T., Early and late neurodevelopmental influences in the prodrome to schizophrenia: Contributions of genes, environment, and their interactions (2003) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, pp. 653-669; Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T.E., Taylor, A., Craig, I.W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Poulton, R., Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene (2003) Science, 301, pp. 386-389; Chalmers, T.C., Celano, P., Sacks, H.S., Smith Jr., H., Bias in treatment assignment in controlled clinical trials (1983) New England Journal of Medicine, 309, pp. 1358-1361; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B.C., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births Vol. 1. The First Week of Life, , Wm Heinemann: London; Clouston, T.S., (1891) The Neuroses of Development, , Oliver & Boyd: Edinburgh; Colditz, G.A., Miller, J.N., Mosteller, F., How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy. I: Medical (1989) Statistics in Medicine, 8, pp. 441-454; Croudace, T.J., Jarvelin, M.R., Wadsworth, M.E., Jones, P.B., Developmental typology of trajectories to nighttime bladder control: Epidemiologic application of longitudinal latent class analysis (2003) American Journal of Epidemiology, 157, pp. 834-842; David, A.S., Malmberg, A., Brandt, L., Allebeck, P., Lewis, G., IQ and risk for schizophrenia: A population-based cohort study (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 1311-1323; Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Johnstone, E.C., Sacker, A., Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Social adjustment at ages 7 and 11 (1994) British Medical Journal, 309, pp. 699-703; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , Macgibbon and Kee: London; Douglas, J.W.B., (1968) All Our Future, , Peter Davies Ltd: London; Fergusson, D.M., Goodwin, R.D., Horwood, L.J., Major depression and cigarette smoking: Results of a 21-year longitudinal study (2003) Psychological Medicine, 33, pp. 1357-1367; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., The Christchurch Health and Development Study: Review of findings on child and adolescent mental health (2001) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, pp. 287-296; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Swain-Campbell, N.R., Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people (2003) Psychological Medicine, 33, pp. 15-21; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Wright, R., The Christchurch child development study (1978) New Zealand Nursing Journal, 71, pp. 25-27; Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Horwood, L.J., Risk factors and life processes associated with the onset of suicidal behaviour during adolescence and early adulthood (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 23-39; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , ed. National Children's Bureau: London; Gale, C.R., Martyn, C.N., Birth weight and later risk of depression in a national birth cohort (2004) British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, pp. 28-33; Giuffra, L.A., Risch, N., Diminished recall and the cohort effect of major depression: A simulation study (1994) Psychological Medicine, 24, pp. 375-383; Golding, J., Children of the nineties. A longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood based on the population of Avon (ALSPAC) (1990) West of England Medical Journal, 105, pp. 80-82; Goodyer, I.M., Herbert, J., Altham, P.M., Adrenal steroid secretion and major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, III. Influence of cortisol/DHEA ratio at presentation on subsequent rates of disappointing life events and persistent major depression (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 265-273; Goodyer, I.M., Herbert, J., Tamplin, A., Psychoendocrine antecedents of persistent first-episode major depression in adolescents: A community-based longitudinal enquiry (2003) Psychological Medicine, 33, pp. 601-610; Goodyer, I.M., Herbert, J., Tamplin, A., Altham, P.M., First-episode major depression in adolescents. Affective, cognitive and endocrine characteristics of risk status and predictors of onset (2000) British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, pp. 142-149; Goodyer, I.M., Park, R.J., Herbert, J., Psychosocial and endocrine features of chronic first-episode major depression in 8-16 year olds (2001) Biological Psychiatry, 50, pp. 351-357; Heron, J., O'Connor, T.G., Evans, J., Golding, J., Glover, V., The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample (2004) Journal of Affective Disorders, 80, pp. 65-73; Hope, S., Rodgers, B., Power, C., Marital status transitions and psychological distress: Longitudinal evidence from a national population sample (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 381-389; Huppert, F.A., Keverne, B., Baylis, N., The science of well-being - Integrating neurobiology, psychology and social science Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Series B), , (in press); Isohanni, M., Jones, P., Kemppainen, L., Croudace, T., Isohanni, I., Veijola, J., Rasanen, S., Rantakallio, P., Childhood and adolescent predictors of schizophrenia in the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort - A descriptive life-span model (2000) European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 250, pp. 311-319; Isohanni, M., Jones, P.B., Moilanen, K., Rantakallio, P., Veijola, J., Oja, H., Koiranen, M., Jarvelin, M., Early developmental milestones in adult schizophrenia and other psychoses. A 31-year follow-up of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (2001) Schizophrenia Research, 52, pp. 1-19; Jaffee, S.R., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Fombonne, E., Poulton, R., Martin, J., Differences in early childhood risk factors for juvenile-onset and adult-onset depression (2002) Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, pp. 215-222; Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R., Marmot, M., Child development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 north Finland general population birth cohort (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Jones, P.B., Tarrant, C.J., Specificity of developmental precursors to schizophrenia and affective disorders (1999) Schizophrenia Research, 39, pp. 121-125; Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Harrington, H., Milne, B.J., Poulton, R., Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: Developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort (2003) Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, pp. 709-717; Klerman, G.L., Weissman, M.M., Increasing rates of depression (1989) Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, pp. 2229-2235; Lewis, G., David, A., Andreasson, S., Allebeck, P., Schizophrenia and city life (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 137-140; Lewis, G., David, A.S., Malmberg, A., Allebeck, P., Nonpsychotic psychiatric disorder and subsequent risk of schizophrenia. Cohort study (2000) British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, pp. 416-420; Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance, and risk of schizophrenia (1987) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 21, pp. 413-421; Lindelow, M., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general UK population: The psychiatric symptom frequency scale (1997) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 51, pp. 549-557; Lindsay, J., Laurin, D., Verreault, R., Hebert, R., Helliwell, B., Hill, G.B., McDowell, I., Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (2002) American Journal of Epidemiology, 156, pp. 445-453; Malmberg, A., Lewis, G., David, A., Allebeck, P., Premorbid adjustment and personality in people with schizophrenia (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, pp. 308-313. , (discussion, 314-315); McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., (1982) A Thousand New Zealand Children: Their Health and Development from Birth to Seven, , Medical Research Council of New Zealand: Auckland; Miller, J.N., Colditz, G.A., Mosteller, F., How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy. II: Surgical (1989) Statistics in Medicine, 8, pp. 455-466; Neale, R., Brayne, C., Johnson, A.L., Cognition and survival: An exploration in a large multicentic study of the population aged 65 years and over (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 1383-1388; Neeleman, J., Sytema, S., Wadsworth, M., Propensity to psychiatric and somatic ill-health: Evidence from a birth cohort (2002) Psychological Medicine, 32, pp. 793-803; Newman, S.C., Bland, R.C., Incidence of mental disorders in Edmonton: Estimates of rates and methodological issues (1998) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 32, pp. 273-282; O'Connell, P., Woodruff, P.W., Wright, I., Jones, P., Murray, R.M., Developmental insanity or dementia praecox: Was the wrong concept adopted? (1997) Schizophrenia Research, 23, pp. 97-106; Patten, S.B., Recall bias and major depression lifetime prevalence (2003) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, pp. 290-296; Paykel, E.S., Hayhurst, H., Abbott, R., Wadsworth, M., Stability and change in milder psychiatric disorder over 7 years in a birth cohort (2001) Psychological Medicine, 31, pp. 1373-1384; Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Cannon, M., Murray, R., Harrington, H., Children's self-reported psychotic symptoms and adult schizophreniform disorder: A 15-year longitudinal study (2000) Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp. 1053-1058; Rantakallio, P., Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality (1969) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 193 (SUPPL.), pp. 5-71; Rantakallio, P., The longitudinal study of the northern Finland birth cohort of 1966 (1988) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2, pp. 59-88; Richards, M., Shipley, B., Fuhrer, R., Wadsworth, M.E., Cognitive ability in childhood and cognitive decline in mid-life: Longitudinal birth cohort study (2004) British Medical Journal, 328, p. 552; Robins, L.N., (1966) Deviant Children Grown Up: A Sociological and Psychiatric Study of a Sociopathic Personality, , William & Wilkins Co.: Baltimore; Rockwood, K., Wentzel, C., Hachinski, V., Hogan, D.B., MacKnight, C., McDowell, I., Prevalence and outcomes of vascular cognitive impairment (2000) Neurology, 54, pp. 447-451. , Vascular Cognitive Impairment Investigators of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging; Rodgers, B., Behaviour and personality in childhood as predictors of adult psychiatric disorder (1990) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 31, pp. 393-414; Rossow, I., Amundsen, A., Alcohol abuse and suicide: A 40-year prospective study of Norwegian conscripts (1995) Addiction, 90, pp. 685-691; Rossow, I., Amundsen, A., Alcohol abuse and mortality: A 40-year prospective study of Norwegian conscripts (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44, pp. 261-267; Sacker, A., Wiggins, R.D., Age-period-cohort effects on inequalities in psychological distress, 1981-2000 (2002) Psychological Medicine, 32, pp. 977-990; Sacks, H., Chalmers, T.C., Smith Jr., H., Randomized versus historical controls for clinical trials (1982) American Journal of Medicine, 72, pp. 233-240; Sigurdsson, E., Van Os, J., Fombonne, E., Are impaired childhood motor skills a risk factor for adolescent anxiety? Results from the 1958 U.K. birth cohort and the National Child Development Study (2002) American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, pp. 1044-1046; Silva, P.A., Stanton, W.R., (1996) From Child to Adult: The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, , Oxford University Press: Auckland; Simon, G.E., VonKorff, M., Ustun, T.B., Gater, R., Gureje, O., Sartorius, N., Is the lifetime risk of depression actually increasing? (1995) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 48, pp. 1109-1118; Smith, K., Joshi, H., The Millenium Cohort Study (2002) Population Trends, 107, pp. 30-35; St John, P.D., Montgomery, P.R., Kristjansson, B., McDowell, I., Cognitive scores, even within the normal range, predict death and institutionalization (2002) Age and Ageing, 31, pp. 373-378; van Os, J., Jones, P., Lewis, G., Wadsworth, M., Murray, R., Developmental precursors of affective illness in a general population birth cohort (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, pp. 625-631; van Os, J., Jones, P.B., Early risk factors and adult person-environment relationships in affective disorder (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 1055-1067; Wadsworth, M.E., Butterworth, S.L., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D.J., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., Hilder, W.S., Connor, M., The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Social Science & Medicine, 57, pp. 2193-2205; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time, , Oxford University Press: Oxford; Weinberger, D.R., Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 660-669; Weinberger, D.R., From neuropathology to neurodevelopment (1995) Lancet, 346, pp. 552-557; Zammit, S., Allebeck, P., David, A.S., Dalman, C., Hemmingsson, T., Lundberg, I., Lewis, G., A longitudinal study of premorbid IQ Score and risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, and other nonaffective psychoses (2004) Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, pp. 354-360 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10044233986&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291704003277&partnerID=40&md5=3e4b435638bf88e3b63dabc1a431c9a0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) - A resource for the study of the environmental determinants of childhood obesity T2 - European Journal of Endocrinology, Supplement J2 - Eur. J. Endocrinol. Suppl. VL - 151 IS - 3 SP - U141 EP - U149 PY - 2004 SN - 08044635 (ISSN) AU - Ness, A.R. AD - U. of Paediatr./Perinatal Epidemiol., Dept. of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom AB - Childhood obesity is a major public health problem because the prevalence is increasing and because childhood obesity is associated with short- and long-term adverse consequences. By contributing to our understanding of the causes of childhood obesity epidemiological studies can help to inform preventive strategies. Prospective studies with all-of-life measures of exposures, objective measures of physical activity and more accurate measures of diet and body composition will be better able to identify modifiable environmental exposures that act cumulatively or at critical time periods across the life-course. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) recruited around 14 000 pregnant women with estimated dates of delivery between 1991 and 1992. The children have been followed-up in detail ever since and now constitute probably the most intensively studied cohort of children ever recruited. Recent analyses have identified important modifiable risk factors and further analyses based on more accurate measures of diet, activity and body composition should provide further insights. KW - body composition KW - body fat KW - body mass KW - child KW - child parent relation KW - childhood disease KW - conference paper KW - dietary intake KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - fetus growth KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - measurement KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - population research KW - prenatal growth KW - prevalence KW - risk factor KW - Body Composition KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Motor Activity KW - Obesity KW - Prospective Studies KW - Puberty N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJESE C2 - 15554899 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ness, A.R.; U. of Paediatr./Perinatal Epidemiol., Dept. of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; email: Andy.Ness@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Lobstein, T.J., James, W.P.T., Cole, T.J., Increasing levels of excess weight among children in England (2003) International Journal of Obesity, 27, pp. 1136-1138; Livingstone, M.B.E., Childhood obesity in Europe: A growing concern (2001) Public Health Nutrition, 4, pp. 109-116; Magarey, A.M., Daniels, L.A., Boulton, T.J.C., Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: Reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions (2001) Medical Journal of Australia, 174, pp. 561-564; Ogden, C.L., Troiano, R.P., Briefel, R.R., Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence of overweight among preschool children in the United States, 1971 through 1994 (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 1-7. , http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/99/4/el; Figueroa-Munoz, J.I., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Association between obesity and asthma in 4-11 year old children in the UK (2001) Thorax, 56, pp. 133-137; Von Mutius, E., Schwartz, J., Neas, L.M., Dockery, D., Weiss, S.T., Relation of body mass index to asthma and atopy in children: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Study III (2001) Thorax, 56, pp. 835-838; Fagot-Campagna, A., Pettitt, D.J., Engelgau, M.M., Burrows, N.R., Geiss, L.S., Valdez, R., Beckles, G.L., Narayan, K.M., Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: An epidemiologic review and a public health perspective (2000) Journal of Pediatrics, 136, pp. 664-672; Drake, A.J., Smith, A., Betts, P.R., Crowne, E.C., Shield, J.P.H., Type 2 diabetes in obese white children (2002) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 86, pp. 207-208; Must, A., Strauss, R.S., Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity (1999) International Journal of Obesity, 23, pp. S2-S11; Must, A., Morbidity and mortality associated with elevated body weight in children and adolescents (1996) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63, pp. 445S-447S; McGill, H.C., McMahon, C.A., Starting earlier to prevent heart disease (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, pp. 2320-2322; Williams, D.P., Going, S.B., Lohman, T.G., Harsha, D.W., Srinivasan, S.R., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Body fatness and risk for elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in children and adolescents (1992) American Journal of Public Health, 82, pp. 358-363; Freedman, D.S., Serdula, M.K., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.A., Relation of circumference and skinfold thicknesses to lipid and insulin concentrations in children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1999) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, pp. 308-317; Li, S., Chen, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Bond, M.G., Tang, R., Urbina, E.M., Berenson, G.S., Childhood cardiovascular risk factors and carotid vascular changes in adulthood. The Bogalusa Heart Study (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, pp. 2271-2276; Raitakari, O.T., Juonala, M., Kähönen, M., Taittonen, L., Laitinen, T., Mäki-Torkko, N., Jarvisalo, M.J., Viikari, J.S., Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and carotid artery intima-media thickness in adulthood. The Cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, pp. 2277-2283; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) New England Journal of Medicine, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Nieto, F.J., Szklo, M., Comstock, G.W., Childhood weight and growth rate as predictors of adult mortality (1992) American Journal of Epidemiology, 136, pp. 201-213; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S.J., Nanchahal, K., Peters, T.J., Davey Smith, G., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67, pp. 1111-1118; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Siedel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) New England Journal of Medicine, 337, pp. 869-873; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood (1999) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, pp. 145S-148S; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Overweight, obesity, and health risk (2000) Archives of Internal Medicine, 160, pp. 898-904; Weinsier, R.L., Hunter, G.R., Heini, A.F., Goran, M.I., Sell, S.M., The etiology of obesity: Relative contribution of metabolic factors, diet, and physical activity (1998) American Journal of Medicine, 105, pp. 145-150; Wells, J.C., Is obesity really due to high-energy intake or low energy expenditure? (1998) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 22, pp. 1139-1140; Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation (2003) Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, 916, pp. 1-149. , Geneva: World Health Organisation; Garrow, J.S., Obesity (2000) Human Nutrition and Dietetics, pp. 527-545. , Eds JS Garrow, WPT James & A Ralph. London: Churchill Livingstone; Dewit, O., Fuller, N.J., Fewtrell, M.S., Elia, M., Wells, J.C., Whole body air displacement plethysmography compared with hydrodensitometry for body composition analysis (2000) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, pp. 159-164; Wells, J.C., Fuller, N.J., Dewit, O., Fewtrell, M.S., Elia, M., Cole, T.J., Four-component model of body composition in children: Density and hydration of fat-free mass and comparison with simpler models (1999) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, pp. 904-912; Reilly, J.J., Dorosty, A.R., Emmett, P.M., Identification of the obese child: Adequacy of the body mass index for clinical practice and epidemiology (2000) International Journal of Obesity, 24, pp. 1623-1627; Wells, J.C.K., A Hattori chart analysis of body mass index in infants and children (2000) International Journal of Obesity, 24, pp. 325-329; Heitmann, L., Erikson, H., Ellsinger, B.M., Mikkelsen, K.L., Larsson, B., Mortality associated with body fat, fat-free mass and body mass index among 60-year-old Swedish men - A 22-year follow-up. The study of men born in 1913 (2000) International Journal of Obesity, 24, pp. 33-37; Davies, P.S.W., Diet composition and body mass index in preschool children (1997) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51, pp. 443-448; Després, J.P., Lemieux, I., Prud'homme, D., Treatment of obesity: Need to focus on high-risk abdominally obese patients (2001) British Medical Journal, 322, pp. 716-720; Freudenheim, J.L., Dietary assessment in nutritional epidemiology (1991) Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1, pp. 207-212; Block, G., Improving diet methods, improving epidemiologic methods (1994) Annals of Epidemiology, 4, pp. 257-258; Heitmann, B.L., Lissner, L., Dietary underreporting by obese individuals - Is it specific or non-specific? (1995) British Medical Journal, 311, pp. 986-989; Zhang, J., Temme, E.H.M., Sasaki, S., Kesteloot, H., Under- and over-reporting of energy intake using cations as biomarkers: Relation to body mass index (2000) American Journal of Epidemiology, 152, pp. 453-462; Mela, D.J., Aaron, J.I., Honest but invalid: What subjects say about recording their food intake (1997) Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97, pp. 791-793; Price, G.M., Paul, A.A., Cole, T.J., Wadsworth, M.E., Characteristics of the low-energy reporters in a longitudinal national dietary survey (1997) British Journal of Nutrition, 77, pp. 833-851; Livingstone, M.B.E., Robson, P.J., Measurement of dietary intake in children (2000) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59, pp. 279-293; Nelson, M., Black, A.E., Morris, J.A., Cole, T.J., Between- and within-subject variation in nutrient intake from infancy to old age: Estimating the number of days required to rank dietary intakes with desired precision (1989) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50, pp. 155-167; Miller, J.Z., Kimes, T., Hui, S., Andon, M.B., Johnston Jr., C.C., Nutrient intake variability in a pediatric population: Implications for study design (1991) Journal of Nutrition, 121, pp. 265-274; Willett, W., (1990) Nutritional Epidemiology, , New York: Oxford University Press; Willett, W., Commentary: Dietary diaries versus food frequency questionnaires - Case of undigestible data (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 317-319; Bingham, S.A., Gill, C., Welch, A., Day, K., Cassidy, A., Khaw, K.T., Sneyd, M.J., Day, N.E., Comparison of dietary assessment methods in nutritional epidemiology: Weighed records v. 24h recalls, food frequency questionnaires and estimated diet records (1994) British Journal of Nutrition, pp. 619-643; Day, N.E., McKeown, N., Wong, M.Y., Welch, A., Bingham, S., Epidemiological assessment of diet: A comparison of a 7-day diary with a food frequency questionnaire using urinary markers of nitrogen, potassium and sodium (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 309-317; Bingham, S.A., Lubin, R., Welch, A., Wareham, N., Khaw, K.T., Day, N., Are imprecise methods obscuring a relation between fat and breast cancer? (2003) Lancet, 362, pp. 212-214; Crawford, P.B., Obarzanek, E., Morrison, J., Sabry, Z.I., Comparative advantage of 3-day food records over 24-hour recall and 5-day food frequency validated by observation of 9- and 10-year-old girls (1994) Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 94, pp. 626-630; Armstrong, N., Balding, J., Gentle, P., Kirby, B., Patterns of physical activity among 11 to 16 year old British children (1990) British Medical Journal, 301, pp. 203-205; Armstrong, N., Bray, S., Physical activity patterns defined by continuous heart rate monitoring (1991) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 66, pp. 245-247; Hussey, J., Gormley, J., Bell, C., Physical activity in Dublin children aged 7-9 years (2001) British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, pp. 268-273; Wareham, N.J., Rennie, K., The assessment of physical activity in individuals and populations: Why try to be more precise about how physical activity is assessed (1998) International Journal of Obesity, 22 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S30-S38; Harro, M., Riddoch, C.J., Physical activity (2000) Paediatric Exercise Science and Medicine, pp. 77-84. , Eds N Armstrong & W van Mechelen. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Murphy, N.M., Riddoch, C.J., Cran, G.W., Boreham, C.A.G., Physical activity and physical fitness in Northern Irish schoolchildren - Are they related? (1992) Health, Physical Education and Recreation in the Twenty First Century, pp. 213-216. , Ed. P Duffy. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; Riddoch, C.J., Boreham, C., Physical activity, physical fitness and children's health: Current concepts (2000) Paediatric Exercise Science and Medicine, pp. 243-252. , Eds N Armstrong & W van Mechelen. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Trost, S.G., Objective measurement of physical activity in youth: Current issues, future directions (2000) Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 29, pp. 32-36; Lee, C.D., Blair, S.N., Jackson, A.S., Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men (1999) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, pp. 373-380; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, pp. 955-959; Whitaker, R.C., Dietz, W.H., Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity (1998) Journal of Pediatrics, 132, pp. 768-776; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Adiposity rebound in children: A simple indicator for predicting obesity (1994) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 39, pp. 129-135; Wabitsch, M., The acquisition of obesity: Insights from cellular and genetic research (2000) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59, pp. 325-330; Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Preventing obesity in children and adolescents (2001) Annual Review of Public Health, 22, pp. 337-353; Rogers, I., The influence of birthweight and intrauterine environment on adiposity and fat distribution in later life (2003) International Journal of Obesity, 27, pp. 755-777; Oken, E., Gillman, M.W., Fetal origins of obesity (2003) Obesity Research, 11, pp. 496-506; Gale, C.R., Martyn, C.N., Kellingray, S., Eastell, R., Cooper, C., Intrauterine programming of adult body composition (2001) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, pp. 267-272; Armstrong, J., Reilly, J.J., Breastfeeding and lowering the risk of childhood obesity (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 2003-2004; Ebbeling, C.B., Pawlak, D.B., Ludwig, D.S., Childhood obesity: Public-health crisis, common sense cure (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 473-481; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Infant feeding and obesity through the lifecourse (2003) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88, pp. 793-794; Dietz, W.H., 'Adiposity rebound': Reality or epiphenomenon? (2000) Lancet, 356, pp. 2027-2028; Ong, K.K.L., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) British Journal Medical, 320, pp. 967-971. , The ALSPAC Study Team; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: Longitudinal study (2001) British Medical Journal, 323, pp. 1331-1335; Maynard, L.M., Wisemandle, W., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S.S., Siervogel, R.M., Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 344-350; Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Rosenberg, K.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 43, pp. 879-883; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, C., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64, pp. 18-24; Okasha, M., McCarron, P., McEwen, J., Smith, G.D., Age at menarche: Secular trends and association with adult anthropometric measures (2001) Annals of Human Biology, 28, pp. 68-78; Must, A., Naumova, E., Phillips, S., Rand, W.M., Menarcheal timing and weight status in relation to weight status in late adolescence (1999) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 13, pp. A18; Kimm, S.Y., Barton, B.A., Obarzanek, E., McMahon, R.P., Sabry, Z.I., Waclawiw, M.A., Racial divergence in adiposity during adolescence: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. e34; Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 337, pp. 807-812; Andersen, R.E., Crespo, C.J., Bartlett, S.J., Cheskin, L.J., Pratt, S.J., Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children. Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998) Journal of the American Medical Association, 279, pp. 938-942; Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., TV or not TV: Fat is the question (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 499-501; Robinson, T.N., Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial (1999) Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, pp. 1561-1567; Ludwig, D.S., Peterson, K.E., Gortmaker, S.L., Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: A prospective, observational analysis (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 505-508; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) International Journal of Obesity, 23 (SUPPL.), pp. S1-S107; Golding, J., Pembrey, M., Jones, R., ALSPAC - The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. I. Study methodology (2001) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 15, pp. 74-87. , The ALSPAC Study Team; Rogers, I., Emmett, P., Diet during pregnancy in a population of pregnant women in South West England (1998) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 52, pp. 246-250; Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., Wiseman, M., (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , London: HMSO; North, K., Multivariate analysis of diet among three-year-old children and associations with socio-demographic characteristics (2000) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, pp. 73-80; Wildschutt, H.I.J., Harker, L.M., Riddoch, C.J., The potential value of a short self-completion questionnaire for the assessment of habitual physical activity in pregnancy (1993) Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 14, pp. 17-29; Page, A., Cooper, A., McKenna, J., Foster, L., Riddoch, C., Fox, K., Development of a research tool to measure physical activity among young people aged 5-16 (2000) Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 4, pp. 267-268; Janz, K.F., Validation of the CSA accelerometer for assessing children's physical activity (1994) Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, pp. 369-375; Melanson, E.L., Freedson, P.S., Validity of Computer Science and Applications. Inc. (CSA) activity monitor (1995) Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, pp. 934-940; Fairweather, S.C., Reilly, J.J., Grant, S., Whittaker, A., Paton, J.Y., Using the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) activity monitor in preschool children (1999) Paediatric Exercise Science, 11, pp. 413-420; Ekelund, U., Sjöström, M., Yngve, A., Poortvliet, E., Nilsson, A., Froberg, K., Wedderkopp, N., Westerterp, K., Physical activity assessed by activity monitor and doubly labelled water in children (2001) Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, pp. 275-281; Lederman, S.A., Akabas, S.R., Moore, B.J., Bentley, M.E., Devaney, B., Gillman, M.W., Kramer, M.S., Wardle, J., Summary of the presentations at the Conference on Preventing Childhood Obesity. 8 December 2003 (2004) Pediatrics, 114, pp. 1146-1173 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10344250938&partnerID=40&md5=3c85c8807e84a39c2dca7102c97ae780 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood disadvantage and health inequalities: A framework for policy based on lifecourse research T2 - Child: Care, Health and Development J2 - Child Care Health Dev. VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 671 EP - 678 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00457.x SN - 03051862 (ISSN) AU - Graham, H. AU - Power, C. AD - Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AB - Tackling health inequalities is moving up the policy agenda of richer societies like the UK, with governments looking for evidence to guide policy review and development. Observational studies of how childhood disadvantage compromises health in adulthood are an important part of the evidence base, but are largely inaccessible to the policy community. We develop a framework which captures the findings of these studies. Our framework highlights how disadvantage in childhood adversely affects both socio-economic circumstances and health in adulthood through a set of interlocking processes. Key among these are children's developmental health (their physical, cognitive and emotional development) and health behaviours, together with the associated educational and social trajectories. In breaking down the link between childhood disadvantage and adult health into its constituent elements, the framework provides a basis for understanding where and how policies can make a difference. The paper argues that the process of policy review and development needs to include both new programmes and the mainstream policies in which they are embedded. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. KW - Child disadvantage KW - Health inequalities KW - Policy KW - adulthood KW - child KW - child development KW - child health KW - child health care KW - childhood KW - cognition KW - education KW - emotion KW - evidence based medicine KW - health behavior KW - health care delivery KW - health care policy KW - health program KW - health services research KW - health status KW - human KW - priority journal KW - review KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Educational Status KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Psychosocial Deprivation KW - Public Policy N1 - Cited By :73 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CCHDD C2 - 15527477 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Graham, H.; Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, United Kingdom; email: hm.graham@lancaster.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, UK; Blane, D., The life course, the social gradient and health (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 67-80. , (eds M. Marmot & R.G. Wilkinson) Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lifecourse approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific adult mortality (2001) Poverty, Inequality and Health, pp. 88-124. , (eds D. Leon & G. Walt), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; (2003) Households Below Average Income 1994/5-2001/2, , Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) The Stationery Office, London, UK; Hertzman, C., McLean, S.A., Kohen, D.E., Dunn, J., Evans, T., (2002) Early Development in Vancouver: Report of the Community Asset Mapping Project (CAMP), , http://www.earlylearning.ubc.ca, Human Early Learning Partnership (HELP), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. URL; Hobcraft, J., (2003) Continuities and Change in Pathways to Young Adult Disadvantage, , CASEpaper 66. LSE Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London, UK; Hobcraft, J., Kiernan, K., (1999) Childhood Poverty, Early Motherhood and Adult Social Exclusion, , STICERD, LSE, London, UK; Jefferis, B., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth-weight, childhood socio-economic environment and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 305-308; Keating, D., Hertzman, C., (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations, , The Guilford Press, NY, USA; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, R., Wadsworth, N.E.J., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Kuh, D.C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Socioeconomic pathways between childhood and adult health (2003) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of III Health from Early to Adult Life, pp. 371-395. , 2nd edn. (eds D.L. Kuh & Y. Ben-Shlomo), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Machin, S., Unto them that hath... (2003) CentrePiece, 8, pp. 5-9; Nickell, S., (2003) Poverty and Worklessness in Britain, , LSE Centre for Economic Performance, London, UK; Piachaud, D., Sutherland, H., (2003) Poverty in Britain: The Impact of Government Policy Since 1997, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, UK; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Health and human development from life course research (2004) Population Health: Policy Dilemmas, , (eds M. Barer, R. Evans, C. Hertzman & J. Heyman). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socio-economic environment on adult health (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 1059-1066; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-9444246967&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2214.2004.00457.x&partnerID=40&md5=c6464ff054f3fc4ac6dfd76779c137e2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early maternal stress and health behaviours and offspring expression of psychosis in adolescence T2 - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica J2 - Acta Psychiatr. Scand. VL - 110 IS - 5 SP - 356 EP - 364 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00429.x SN - 0001690X (ISSN) AU - Spauwen, J. AU - Krabbendam, L. AU - Lieb, R. AU - Wittchen, H.U. AU - Van Os, J. AD - Dept. of Psychiat. and Neuropsychol., S. Limburg Mental Hlth. Res./T. N., Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands AD - Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clin. Psychol. and Epidemiology Unit, Kraepelinstrasse 2, Munich, Germany AD - Inst. of Clin. Psychol./Psychoather., Technical University Dresden, Chemnitzerstr. 46, Dresden, Germany AD - Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Psychiat. and Neuropsychol., Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands AB - Objective: It has been suggested that influences operating early in life may affect the risk of postpubertal psychosis outcomes. This hypothesis was tested using a broad outcome of psychotic symptoms expressed in adolescence (prevalence: 15.6%). Method: Findings are based on a longitudinal, population-based cohort study of 963 adolescents aged 15-20 years and their parents in the area of Munich, Germany. Trained psychologists assessed adolescents with the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Independently, direct diagnostic interviews were conducted with the parents. Results: A range of medical complications of pregnancy and delivery, including lower birth weight, were not associated with the psychosis outcome. However, a number of maternal health behaviours and experiences did show associations, independent of confounders. Conclusion: Not maternally reported medical complications of pregnancy and delivery, but maternal prenatal health behaviours predicted expression of psychosis along a continuum in adolescence. This effect may either be direct or constitute a proxy for later postnatal maternal behaviours associated with psychosis risk in the offspring. KW - Adolescent KW - Cohort study KW - Maternal behaviour KW - Schizophrenia KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child psychiatry KW - cigarette smoking KW - controlled study KW - experience KW - female KW - high risk population KW - human KW - interview KW - logistic regression analysis KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal behavior KW - maternal welfare KW - pregnancy complication KW - prenatal care KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - psychiatric diagnosis KW - psychosis KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - stress KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mother-Child Relations KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Stress, Psychological N1 - Cited By :43 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APYSA C2 - 15458559 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Van Os, J.; Dept. of Psychiat. and Neuropsychol., Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands; email: j.vanos@sp.unimaas.nl N1 - References: Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Cannon, M., Murray, R., Harrington, H., Children's self-reported psychotic symptoms and adult schizophreniform disorder: A 15-year longitudinal study (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57, pp. 1053-1058; Miller, P.M., Lawrie, S.M., Byrne, M., Cosway, R., Johnstone, E.C., Self-rated schizotypal cognitions, psychotic symptoms and the onset of schizophrenia in young people at high risk of schizophrenia (2002) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 105, pp. 341-345; Larsen, T.K., Friis, S., Haahr, U., Early detection and intervention in first-episode schizophrenia: A critical review (2001) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 103, pp. 323-334; Van, O.S.J., Hanssen, M., Bijl, R.V., Vollebergh, W., Prevalence of psychotic disorder and community level of psychotic symptoms: An urban-rural comparison (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 663-668; Sharpley, M.S., Peters, E.R., Ethnicity class and schizotypy (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 507-512; Mata, I., Sham, P.C., Gilvarry, C.M., Jones, P.B., Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Childhood schizotypy and positive symptoms in schizophrenic patients predict schizotypy in relatives (2000) Schizophr Res, 44, pp. 129-136; Hanssen, M.S., Bijl, R.V., Vollebergh, W., Van, O.S.J., Self-reported psychotic experiences in the general population: A valid screening tool for DSM-III-R psychotic disorders? (2003) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 107, pp. 369-377; Rifkin, L., Lewis, S., Jones, P., Toone, B., Murray, R., Low birth weight and schizophrenia (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 165, pp. 357-362; Van, O.S.J., Selten, J.P., Prenatal exposure to maternal stress and subsequent schizophrenia. The May 1940 invasion of The Netherlands (1998) Br J Psychiatry, 172, pp. 324-326; Dalman, C., Thomas, H.V., David, A.S., Gentz, J., Lewis, G., Allebeck, P., Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia. Population-based case-control study (2001) Br J Psychiatry, 179, pp. 403-408; Myhrman, A., Rantakallio, P., Isohanni, M., Jones, P., Partanen, U., Unwantedness of a pregnancy and schizophrenia in the child (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 169, pp. 637-640; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Geddes, J., Prenatal perinatal and perinatal risk factors for early onset schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and reactive psychosis (1999) BMJ, 318, p. 426; Hultman, C.M., Ohman, A., Cnattingius, S., Wieselgren, I.M., Lindstrom, L.H., Prenatal neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia (1997) Br J Psychiatry, 170, pp. 128-133; Brown, A.S., Schaefer, C.A., Wyatt, R.J., Maternal exposure to respiratory infections and adult schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A prospective birth cohort study (2000) Schizophr Bull, 26, pp. 287-295; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 north Finland general population birth cohort (1998) Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Preti, A., Miotto, P., Zen, T., Perinatal complications, genetic risk and schizophrenia (1998) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 97, pp. 381-383; Onstad, S., Skre, I., Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., Birthweight obstetric complications in schizophrenic twins (1992) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 85, pp. 70-73; Mcneil, T.F., Cantor Graae, E., Torrey, E.F., Obstetric complications in histories of monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 89, pp. 196-204; Wahlbeck, K., Forsen, T., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Eriksson, J.G., Association of schizophrenia with low maternal body mass index, small size at birth, and thinness during childhood (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 48-52; Selten, J.P., Van Der Graaf, Y., Van Duursen, R., Gispen De Wied, C.C., Kahn, R.S., Psychotic illness after prenatal exposure to the 1953 Dutch Flood Disaster (1999) Schizophr Res, 35, pp. 243-245; Selten, J.P., Cantor Graae, E., Nahon, D., Levav, I., Aleman, A., Kahn, R.S., No relationship between risk of schizophrenia and prenatal exposure to stress during the Six-Day War or Yom Kippur War in Israel (2003) Schizophr Res, 63, pp. 131-135; Kato, C., Petronis, A., Okazaki, Y., Tochigi, M., Umekage, T., Sasaki, T., Molecular genetic studies of schizophrenia: Challenges and insights (2002) Neurosci Res, 43, pp. 295-304; Petronis, A., Human morbid genetics revisited: Relevance of epigenetics (2001) Trends Genet TIG, 17, pp. 142-146; Meaney, M.J., Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations (2001) Annu Rev Neurosci, 24, pp. 1161-1192; Imamura, Y., Nakane, Y., Ohta, Y., Kondo, H., Lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia among individuals prenatally exposed to atomic bomb radiation in Nagasaki City (1999) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 100, pp. 344-349; Janssen, I., Kaabbendam, L., Bak, M., Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences (2004) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 109, pp. 38-45; Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R., Marmot, M., Child development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Johns, L.C., Van, O.S.J., The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population (2001) Clin Psychol Rev, 21, pp. 1125-1141; Kendler, K.S., Mcguire, M., Gruenberg, A.M., Walsh, D., Schizotypal symptoms and signs in the Roscommon Family Study. Their factor structure and familial relationship with psychotic and affective disorders (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52, pp. 296-303; Kendler, K.S., Walsh, D., Schizotypal personality disorder in parents and the risk for schizophrenia in siblings (1995) Schizophr Bull, 21, pp. 47-52; Krabbendam, L., Marcelis, M., Delespaul, P., Jolles, J., Van, O.S.J., Single or multiple familial cognitive risk factors in schizophrenia? (2001) Am J Med Genet, 105, pp. 183-188; Goodwin, R.D., Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Neuroticism in adolescence and psychotic symptoms in adulthood (2003) Psychol Med, 33, pp. 1089-1097; Sim, K., Swapna, V., Mythily, S., Psychiatric comorbidity in first episode psychosis: The Early Psychosis Intervention Program (EPIP) experience (2004) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 109, pp. 23-29; Lieb, R., Isensee, B., Von Sydow, K., Wittchen, H.U., The Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP): A methodological update (2000) Eur Addict Res, 6, pp. 170-182; Wittchen, H.U., Perkonigg, A., Lachner, G., Nelson, C.B., Early developmental stages of psychopathology study (EDSP): Objectives and design (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 18-27; Wittchen, H.-U., Pfister, H., (1997) DIA-X-Interviews: Manual für Screening Verfahren und Interview; Interviewheft Längsschnittuntersuchung (DIA-X-Lifetime); Ergänzungsheft (DIA-X-Lifetime); Interviewheft Querschnittsuntersuchung (DIA-X-12 Monats-Version); Ergänzungsheft (DIA-X-12 Monats-Version); PC-Programm zur Durchführung der Interviews (Längsund Querschnittsuntersuchung), , Auswertungsprogramm. Frankfurt, Germany: Swets & Zeitlinger; (1990) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), Version 1.0, , Geneva, Switserland: WHO; (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edn., , Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Cottler, L.B., Helzer, J.E., Mager, D., Spitznagel, E.L., Compton, W.M., Agreement between DSM-III III-R substance use disorders (1991) Drug Alcohol Depend, 29, pp. 17-25; Wittchen, H.U., Robins, L.N., Cottler, L.B., Sartorius, N., Burke, J.D., Regier, D., Cross-cultural feasibility, reliability and sources of variance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The Multicentre WHO/ADAMHA Field Trials (1991) Br J Psychiatry, 159, p. 658; Wittchen, H.U., Reliability validity studies of the WHO - Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): A critical review (1994) J Psychiatr Res, 28, pp. 57-84; Anthony, J.C., Folstein, M., Romanoski, A.J., Comparison of the lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule and a standardized psychiatric diagnosis. Experience in eastern Baltimore (1985) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42, pp. 667-675; Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.U., Hofler, M., Fuetsch, M., Stein, M.B., Merikangas, K.R., Parental psychopathology, parenting styles, and the risk of social phobia in offspring: A prospective-longitudinal community study (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57, pp. 859-866; (2001) Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0, , College Station, TX: Stata Corp; Cardozo, L.D., Gibb, D.M., Studd, J.W., Cooper, D.J., Social obstetric features associated with smoking in pregnancy (1982) Br J Obstetr Gynaecol, 89, pp. 622-627; Luck, W., Nau, H., Exposure of the fetus, neonate, and nursed infant to nicotine and cotinine from maternal smoking (1984) N Engl J Med, 311, p. 672; Lassen, K., Oei, T.P., Effects of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on long-term physical and cognitive parameters of child development (1998) Addict Behav, 23, pp. 635-653; Murray, R.M., Lewis, S.W., Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder? (1988) BMJ, 296, p. 63; Waddington, J.L., Lane, A., Larkin, C., O'callaghan, E., The neurodevelopmental basis of schizophrenia: Clinical clues from cerebro-craniofacial dysmorphogenesis, and the roots of a lifetime trajectory of disease (1999) Biol Psychiatry, 46, pp. 31-39; Weinberger, D.-R., Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 660-669; Susser, E., Neugebauer, R., Hoek, H.W., Schizophrenia after prenatal famine. Further evidence (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 25-31; Walker, E.F., Diforio, D., Baum, K., Developmental neuropathology and the precursors of schizophrenia (1999) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 395, pp. 12-19; Wadhwa, P.D., Dunkel-Schetter, C., Chicz-Demet, A., Porto, M., Sandman, C.A., Prenatal psychosocial factors and the neuroendocrine axis in human pregnancy (1996) Psychosom Med, 58, pp. 432-446; Benediktsson, R., Calder, A.A., Edwards, C.R., Seckl, J.R., Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: A key regulator of fetal glucocorticoid exposure (1997) Clin Endocrinol (Oxford), 46, pp. 161-166; Gitau, R., Cameron, A., Fisk, N.M., Glover, V., Fetal exposure to maternal cortisol (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 707-708; Teixeira, J.M., Fisk, N.M., Glover, V., Association between maternal anxiety in pregnancy and increased uterine artery resistance index: Cohort based study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 153-157; Ahluwalia, I.B., Merritt, R., Beck, L.F., Rogers, M., Multiple lifestyle and psychosocial risks and delivery of small for gestational age infants (2001) Obstetr Gynecol, 97, pp. 649-656; Meyer, M.B., Tonascia, J.A., Maternal smoking, pregnancy complications, and perinatal mortality (1977) Am J Obstetr Gynecol, 128, pp. 494-502; McIntosh, I.D., Smoking pregnancy: Attributable risks and public health implications (1984) Can J Public Health, 75, pp. 141-148; Shulman, L.P., Elias, S., Tharapel, A.T., Li, L.R., Phillips, O.P., Simpson, J.L., Sister chromatid exchange frequency in directly prepared cytotrophoblasts: Demonstration of in vivo deoxyribonucleic acid damage in pregnant women who smoke cigarettes (1991) Am J Obstetr Gynecol, 165, pp. 1877-1880; Etzel, R.A., Greenberg, R.A., Haley, N.J., Loda, F.A., Urine cotinine excretion in neonates exposed to tobacco smoke products in utero (1985) J Pediatr, 107, pp. 146-148; Maki, P., Veijola, J., Rantakallio, P., Jokelainen, J., Jones, P.B., Isohanni, M., Schizophrenia in the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers: A 31-year follow-up of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (2004) Schizophr Res, 66, pp. 79-81; Marcelis, M., Van, O.S.J., Sham, P., Obstetric complications and familial morbid risk of psychiatric disorders (1998) Am J Med Genet, 81, pp. 29-36; Cannon, M., Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: Historical and meta-analytic review (2002) Am J Psychiatry, 159, pp. 1080-1092; Foerster, A., Lewis, S.W., Owen, M.J., Murray, R.M., Low birth weight and a family history of schizophrenia predict poor premorbid functioning in psychosis (1991) Schizophr Res, 5, pp. 13-20; Smith, G.N., Flynn, S.W., Mccarthy, N., Low birthweight in schizophrenia: Prematurity or poor fetal growth? (2001) Schizophr Res, 47, pp. 177-184; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Mcintosh, A.M., Holmes, S., Gleeson, S., Maternal recall bias, obstetric history and schizophrenia (2002) Br J Psychiatry, 181, pp. 520-525; O'callaghan, E., Larkin, C., Waddington, J.L., Obstetric complications in schizophrenia and the validity of maternal recall (1990) Psychol Med, 20, pp. 89-94 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7044224196&doi=10.1111%2fj.1600-0447.2004.00429.x&partnerID=40&md5=580f7534c74a5b1038de9a71d645ebf5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth patterns and the risk of breast cancer in women T2 - New England Journal of Medicine J2 - New Engl. J. Med. VL - 351 IS - 16 SP - 1619 EP - 1626 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa040576 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) AU - Ahlgren, M. AU - Melbye, M. AU - Wohlfahrt, J. AU - Sørensen, T.I.A. AD - Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark AB - BACKGROUND: Adult height and body-mass index influence the risk of breast cancer in women. Whether these associations reflect growth patterns of the fetus or growth during childhood and adolescence is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the association between growth during childhood and the risk of breast cancer in a cohort of 117,415 Danish women. Birth weight, age at menarche, and annual measurements of height and weight were obtained from school health records. We used the data to model individual growth curves. Information on vital status, age at first childbirth, parity, and diagnosis of breast cancer was obtained through linkages to national registries. RESULTS: During 3,333,359 person-years of follow-up, 3340 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. High birth weight, high stature at 14 years of age, low body-mass index (BMI) at 14 years of age, and peak growth at an early age were independent risk factors for breast cancer. Height at 8 years of age and the increase in height during puberty (8 to 14 years of age) were also associated with breast cancer. The attributable risks of birth weight, height at 14 years of age, BMI at 14 years of age, and age at peak growth were 7 percent, 15 percent, 15 percent, and 9 percent, respectively. No effect of adjusting for age at menarche, age at first childbirth, and parity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Birth weight and growth during childhood and adolescence influence the risk of breast cancer. Copyright © 2004 Massachusetts Medical Society. KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body growth KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - breast cancer KW - cancer diagnosis KW - childbirth KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - growth acceleration KW - growth curve KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - medical record KW - menarche KW - parity KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Menarche KW - Parity KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :250 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NEJMA C2 - 15483280 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ahlgren, M.; Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; email: abk@ssi.dk N1 - References: Gunnell, D., Okasha, M., Smith, G.D., Oliver, S.E., Sandhu, J., Holly, J.M., Height, leg length, and cancer risk: A systematic review (2001) Epidemiol Rev, 23, pp. 313-342; Tretli, S., Height and weight in relation to breast cancer morbidity and mortality: A prospective study of 570,000 women in Norway (1989) Int J Cancer, 44, pp. 23-30; Storm, H.H., Michelsen, E.V., Clemmensen, I.H., Pihl, J., The Danish Cancer Registry - History, content, quality and use (1997) Dan Med Bull, 44, pp. 535-539; Rostgaard, K., Holst, H., Mouridsen, H.T., Lynge, E., Do clinical databases render population-based cancer registers obsolete? The example of breast cancer in Denmark (2000) Cancer Causes Control, 11, pp. 669-674; (2003) Stata Base Reference Manual, Version 8, , College Station, Tex.: Stata Press; (2003) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 8, , Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute; Greenland, S., Dose-response and trend analysis in epidemiology: Alternatives to categorical analysis (1995) Epidemiology, 6, pp. 356-365; Friedenreich, C.M., Review of anthropometric factors and breast cancer risk (2001) Eur J Cancer Prev, 10, pp. 15-32; Andersson, S.W., Bengtsson, C., Hallberg, L., Cancer risk in Swedish women: The relation to size at birth (2001) Br J Cancer, 84, pp. 1193-1198; Innes, K., Byers, T., Schymura, M., Birth characteristics and subsequent risk for breast cancer in very young women (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 1121-1128; Michels, K.B., Trichopoulos, D., Robins, J.M., Birthweight as a risk factor for breast cancer (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1542-1546; Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., Malone, K.E., Perinatal factors and risk of breast cancer (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 34-37; Vatten, L.J., Maehle, B.O., Lund Nilsen, T.I., Birth weight as a predictor of breast cancer: A case-control study in Norway (2002) Br J Cancer, 86, pp. 89-91; Kaijser, M., Lichtenstein, P., Granath, F., Erlandsson, G., Cnattingius, S., Ekbom, A., In utero exposures and breast cancer: A study of opposite-sexed twins (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst, 93, pp. 60-62; Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Forsen, T., Eriksson, J.G., Tallness and overweight during childhood have opposing effects on breast cancer risk (2001) Br J Cancer, 85, pp. 1680-1684; Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Silva, I.S., Wadsworth, M., Swerdlow, A.J., Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British cohort (2000) Br J Cancer, 83, pp. 964-968; Ekbom, A., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.O., Hsieh, C.C., Lan, S.J., Evidence ofprenatal influences on breast cancer risk (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 1015-1018; Hubinette, A., Lichtenstein, P., Ekbom, A., Cnattingius, S., Birth characteristics and breast cancer risk: A study among like-sexed twins (2001) Int J Cancer, 91, pp. 248-251; Ekbom, A., Hsieh, C.C., Lipworth, L., Adami, H.Q., Trichopoulos, D., Intrauterine environment and breast cancer risk in women: A population-based study (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst, 89, pp. 71-76; Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., Daling, J.R., Maternal factors and breast cancer risk among young women (1998) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 12, pp. 397-407; Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L.N., Myers, B.C., Mi, M.P., Birth characteristics of premenopausal women with breast cancer (1988) Br J Cancer, 57, pp. 437-439; Titus-Ernstoff, L., Egan, K.M., Newcomb, P.A., Early life factors in relation to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (2002) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11, pp. 207-210; Sanderson, M., Shu, X.O., Jin, F., Weight at birth and adolescence and premenopausal breast cancer risk in a low-risk population (2002) Br J Cancer, 86, pp. 84-88; Ahlgren, M., Tia, S., Wohlfahrt, J., Haflidadottir, A., Holst, C., Melbye, M., Birth weight and risk of breast cancer in a cohort of 106,504 women (2003) Int J Cancer, 107, pp. 997-1000; Herrinton, L.J., Husson, G., Relation of childhood height and later risk of breast cancer (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 154, pp. 618-623; Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L.N., Earle, M.E., Mi, M.P., Body size at different periods of life and breast cancer risk (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 137-152; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Kvale, G., Heuch, I., Menstrual factors and breast cancer risk (1988) Cancer, 62, pp. 1625-1631; Olson, J.E., Shu, X.O., Ross, J.A., Pendergrass, T., Robison, L.L., Medical record validation of maternally reported birth characteristics and pregnancy-related events: A report from the Children's Cancer Group (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 58-67; Petersen, T.A., Rasmussen, S., Madsen, M., BMI of Danish school children measured during the periods 1986/1987-1996/1997 compared to Danish measurement in 1971/1972 (2002) Ugeskr Laeger, 164, pp. 5006-5010. , In Danish; Rasmussen, S., Petersen, T.A., Madsen, M., Body height of 6 15-year-old school children measured in the period 1986/1987 to 1996/1997 compared with Danish measurements in 1971/1972 (2002) Ugeskr Laeger, 164, pp. 5011-5015. , In Danish; He, Q., Karlberg, J., BMI in childhood and its association with height gain, timing of puberty, and final height (2001) Pediatr Res, 49, pp. 244-251; Russo, J., Russo, I.H., Cellular basis of breast cancer susceptibility (1999) Oncol Res, 11, pp. 169-178; Howard, B.A., Gusterson, B.A., Human breast development (2000) J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 5, pp. 119-137; Frisch, R.E., McArthur, J.W., Menstrual cycles: Fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset (1974) Science, 185, pp. 949-951 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-5344222810&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMoa040576&partnerID=40&md5=627799020f663eb2f1b9386140713925 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of work on mental health: Does occupation matter? T2 - Health Economics J2 - Health Econ. VL - 13 IS - 10 SP - 1045 EP - 1062 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1002/hec.929 SN - 10579230 (ISSN) AU - Llena-Nozal, A. AU - Lindeboom, M. AU - Portrait, F. AD - Dept. of Economics/Business Admin., Free University of Amsterdam, Tinbergen Institute, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands AD - Department of Life Sciences, Free University of Amsterdam, Tinbergen Institute, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands AD - IZA, Germany AB - This paper considers the effect of work choices on mental health and looks at whether this differs across occupations. This requires a model that can deal with the endogeneity in the relationship between health, occupation and work choices. We specify such a model and estimate it on a unique UK panel survey. The survey, called the National Child development Survey (NCDS), follows a cohort since their birth in 1958 until age 42. The analyses show us that early childhood health and ability have long lasting consequences for the mental health at the later ages. Females have lower levels of mental health. Mental health deteriorates with age for males and females, but the rate of deterioration is substantially lower for females. We also find that the rate of depreciation is lower when individuals work. For females we find large effects of occupation, for males we do not find this. Employment status is important for males, but not for females. For both genders we find very large effects of the onset of a long-standing illness. The probability of experiencing such an event depends on employment status, occupation and life style variables. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KW - Labour market status KW - Mental health KW - Occupation KW - Panel data model KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age KW - aptitude KW - article KW - child development KW - child health KW - childbirth KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - decision making KW - deterioration KW - disease duration KW - employment KW - female KW - health status KW - health survey KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - occupation KW - priority journal KW - probability KW - sex difference KW - statistical model KW - United Kingdom KW - Empirical Research KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Health KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Occupations N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HEECE C2 - 15386691 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Llena-Nozal, A.; Dept. of Economics/Business Admin., Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; email: allenanozal@econ.vu.nl N1 - References: (2002) Health and Safety Statistics Highlights 2001/02, , Health and Safety Commission. HSE Books: Suffolk; (2002) Work Environment, Alcohol Consumption and Ill-health. The Whitehall II Study, , University College London for the Health and Safety Executive. Contract Research Report 422/2002. HSE Books, Suffolk; Currie, J., Madrian, B.C., Health insurance and the labour market (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3 C, pp. 3356-3363. , Ashenfelter O, Card D (eds). North-Holland: Amsterdam; Dustmann, C., Windmeijer, F., Wages and the demand for health: A life cycle analysis (2000), IZA Discussion Papers Series, Discussion Paper 171, July; Lee, L., Health and wages: A simultaneous equation model with multiple discrete indicators (1982) Int. Econ. Rev., 23, pp. 199-221; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., Kreider, B., Stone, M., Market work, wages, and men's health (1994) J. Health Econ., 13, pp. 163-182; Stern, S., Measuring the effect of disability on labor force participation (1989) J. Hum. Res., 24 (3), pp. 361-395; Anderson, K.H., Burkhauser, R., The retirement-health nexus: A new measure of an old puzzle (1985) J. Hum. Resour., 20 (3), pp. 315-330; Sickles, R.C., Taubman, P., An analysis of the health and retirement status of the elderly (1984), National Bureau Economic Research Working Paper Series, Working Paper 1459, September; Bound, J., The dynamic effects of health on the labor force transitions of older workers (1998), National Bureau Economic Research Working Paper Series, Working Paper 6777, November; Lindeboom, M., Kerkhofs, M., Health and work of the elderly (2002), Tinbergen Institute Working Paper Series, Working Paper TI 02-025/3; Bjorklund, A., Unemployment and mental health: Some evidence from panel data (1985) J. Hum. Resour., 20 (4), pp. 469-483; Mayer, F., Unemployment and mental health: A longitudinal analysis (1991) Can. J. Econ., 24 (3), pp. 551-562; Kerkhofs, M., Lindeboom, M., Age related health dynamics and changes in labour market status (1997) Health Econ., 6, pp. 407-423; Gerdtham, U.-G., Johannesson, M., A note on the effect of unemployment on mortality (2003) J. Health Econ., 22, pp. 505-518; Dano, A.M., Browning, M., Heinesen, E., Job displacement and Health outcomes: A representative panel study (2003), AKF, Copenhagen, (preliminary working paper); Bardasi, E., Francesconi, M., The effect of non-standard employment on mental health in Britain (2000), IZA Discussion Paper Series, Discussion Paper 232, December; (2002), The Data Archive Website www.data-archive.ac.uk [01 October]; (1991), NCDS User Support Group. NCDS5 Report. City University, London; Case, A., Fertig, A., Paxson, C., From cradle to grave? The lasting impact of childhood health and circumstance (2003), National Bureau Economic Research Working Paper Series, Working Paper 9788, June; Ades, T., Comparing NCDS4 to the 1981 UK Census (1983), National Child Development Studies Working Paper Series, Fourth Follow-up Working Paper 11; Verbeek, M., (2000) A Guide to Modern Econometrics, , Wiley: Chichester; Lindeboom, M., Portrait, F., van den Berg, G.J., An econometric analysis of the mental-health effects of major events in the life of elderly individuals (2001), Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers Series, Working Paper TI 01-103/3; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman: London; Rodgers, B., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol., 34, pp. 333-341; (1994) Questionnaires/Codebook, , Centre for Longitudinal Studies. Bedford Group, Institute of Education, University of London: London; Grossman, M., On the concept of health capital and the demand for health (1972) J. Polit. Econ., 80, pp. 223-255; Sickles, R., Yazbeck, A.S., On the dynamics of demand for leisure and production of health: Evidence from the retirement history survey (1998) J. Bus. Econ. Stat., 6 (2), pp. 187-197; Arellano, M., Bond, S., Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations (1991) Rev. Econ. Stud., 58, pp. 277-297; Smith, A., Brice, C., Collins, A., Matthews, V., McNamara, R., The scale of occupational stress: A further analysis of the impact of demographic factors and the type of job (2000), Contract Research Report 311/2000, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, CardiffUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-6344234898&doi=10.1002%2fhec.929&partnerID=40&md5=297eb21a5bf97bb833b58217c394f36a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Affective problems in adults with mild learning disability: The roles of social disadvantage and ill health T2 - British Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Br. J. Psychiatry VL - 185 IS - OCT. SP - 350 EP - 351 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1192/bjp.185.4.350 SN - 00071250 (ISSN) AU - Collishaw, S. AU - Maughan, B. AU - Pickles, A. AD - Genet. and Devmtl. Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Epidemiol. and Hlth. Science, Ctr. for Census and Survey Research, University of Manchester, United Kingdom AD - Box Number PO46, Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AB - Mild learning disability is associated with an increased risk of affective disorder. This study examines the extent to which adult socio-economic disadvantage and ill health contribute to this risk. Samples were drawn from the 1958 National Child Development Study. Relative to a comparison group, mild learning disability at age 11 was associated with elevated rates of depressive symptoms throughout adult life, and carried a six-fold risk of chronic depressed mood. The group difference in depressed mood at age 43 years was in large part mediated by variations in adult socio-economic disadvantage and ill health. KW - adult KW - affect KW - article KW - depression KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - learning disorder KW - major clinical study KW - malaise KW - mood disorder KW - mortality KW - risk KW - self concept KW - social disability KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Depressive Disorder KW - Family Characteristics KW - Health Status KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Learning Disorders KW - Mental Health Services KW - Mood Disorders KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJPYA C2 - 15458996 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Collishaw, S.; Box Number PO46, Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; email: s.collishaw@iop.kcl.ac.uk N1 - References: Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., (2000) The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study. CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper I, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm; (2001) Valuing People. A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century, , http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm50/5086/5086.htm, Cm 5086. London: Stationery Office; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 170-178; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Self-rated health and longstanding illness: Inter-relationships with morbidity in early adulthood (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 600-607; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., Mild mental retardation: Psychosocial functioning in adulthood (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 351-366; Richards, M., Maughan, B., Hardy, R., Long-term affective disorder in people with mild learning disability (2001) British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, pp. 523-527; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman, Green UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4944239921&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.185.4.350&partnerID=40&md5=8ab243cec93f80cf07799df526bdaf1b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behavioral outcomes and evidence of psychopathology among very low birth weight infants at age 20 years T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 114 IS - 4 SP - 932 EP - 940 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1542/peds.2003-1017-L SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Hack, M. AU - Youngstrom, E.A. AU - Cartar, L. AU - Schluchter, M. AU - Gerry Taylor, H. AU - Flannery, D. AU - Klein, N. AU - Borawski, E. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Department of Justice Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States AD - Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States AB - Objective. Information on the mental health of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) children in young adulthood is sparse. We thus sought to examine gender-specific behavioral outcomes and evidence of psychopathology in a cohort of VLBW young adults at 20 years of age. Methods. We compared a cohort of 241 survivors among VLBW infants who were born between 1977 and 1979 (mean birth weight: 1180 g; mean gestational age at birth: 29.7 weeks), 116 of whom were men and 125 of whom were women, with 233 control subjects from the same population in Cleveland who had normal birth weights (108 men and 124 women). Young adult behavior was assessed at 20 years of age with the Achenbach Young Adult Self-Report and the Young Adult Behavior Checklist for parents. In addition, the young adults and parents completed the ADHD Rating Scale for Adults. Gender-specific outcomes were adjusted for sociodemographic status. Results. VLBW men reported having significantly fewer delinquent behaviors than normal birth weight (NBW) control subjects, but there were no differences on the Internalizing, Externalizing, or Total Problem Behavior scales. Parents of VLBW men reported significantly more thought problems for their sons than did parents of control subjects. VLBW women reported significantly more withdrawn behaviors and fewer delinquent behavior problems than control subjects. Their rates of internalizing behaviors (which includes anxious/depressed and withdrawn behaviors) above the borderline clinical cutoff were 30% versus 16% (odds ratio: 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-4.1). Parents of VLBW women reported significantly higher scores for their daughters on the anxious/depressed, withdrawn, and attention problem subscales compared with control parents. The odds ratios for parent-reported rates above the borderline-clinical cutoff among women for the anxious/depressed subscale was 4.4 (95% CI: 1.4-13.5), for thought problems was 3.7 (95% CI: 1.2-11.6), and for attention problems was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.0-5.5). There were no differences in the young adult self-report of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parents of VLBW men reported higher mean scores on the attention subtype of ADHD but not higher rates of ADHD. Conclusion. The increase in psychopathology among VLBW survivors in young adulthood indicates a need for anticipatory guidance and early intervention that might help to prevent or ameliorate potential psychopathology. Copyright © 2004 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. KW - Behavior KW - Psychopathology KW - Very low birth weight KW - adult KW - anxiety disorder KW - article KW - attention deficit disorder KW - behavior KW - birth weight KW - controlled study KW - delinquency KW - depression KW - female KW - gender KW - gestational age KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - parent KW - priority journal KW - psychosocial withdrawal KW - rating scale KW - risk KW - survival KW - thought disorder KW - very low birth weight KW - analysis of variance KW - anxiety KW - attention deficit disorder KW - case control study KW - control KW - intelligence KW - juvenile delinquency KW - longitudinal study KW - mental disease KW - newborn KW - prematurity KW - psychological aspect KW - social behavior KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical model KW - statistics KW - Adult KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Anxiety KW - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Infant, Very Low Birth Weight KW - Intelligence KW - Internal-External Control KW - Juvenile Delinquency KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Shyness KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :253 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 15466087 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hack, M.; Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; email: mxh7@cwru.edu N1 - References: Hack, M., Flannery, D., Schluchter, M., Cartar, L., Borowski, E., Klein, N., Young adult outcomes of very low birth weight children (VLBW, < 1.5 kg) (2002) N Engl J Med, 346, pp. 149-157; Pharoah, P.O.D., Stevenson, C.J., West, C.R., General certificate of secondary education performance in very low birthweight infants (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 295-298; Tideman, E., Ley, D., Bjerre, I., Forslund, M., Longitudinal follow-up of children born preterm: Somatic and mental health, self-esteem and quality of life at age 19 (2001) Early Hum Dev, 61, pp. 97-110; Cannon, M., Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: Historical and meta-analytic review (2002) Am J Psychiatry, 159, pp. 1080-1092; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Brown, A.S., Van Os, J., Driessens, C., Hoek, H., Susser, E.S., Further evidence of relation between prenatal famine and major affective disorder (2000) Am J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 190-195; Buka, S.L., Fan, A.P., Association of prenatal and perinatal complications with subsequent bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (1999) Schizophrenia Res, 39, pp. 113-119; Hodgins, S., Kratzer, L., McNeil, T., Obstetric complications, parenting, and risk of criminal behavior (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 746-752; Tibbetts, S.G., Piquero, A.R., The influence of gender, low birth weight, and disadvantaged environment in predicting early onset of offending: A test of Moffit's interactional hypothesis (1999) Criminology, 37, pp. 843-877; Susser, E.S., Lin, S.P., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the Dutch hunger winter of 1944-1945 (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 983-988; Wahlbeck, K., Forsen, T., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Eriksson, J.G., Association of schizophrenia with low maternal body mass index, small size at birth, and thinness during childhood (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 48-52; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.-L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort (1998) Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Cardenal, S., Prenatal cerebral development in individuals at genetic risk for psychosis: Head size at birth in offspring of women with schizophrenia (1993) Schizophrenia Res, 10, pp. 1-5; Dalman, C., Thomas, H.V., David, A.S., Gentz, J., Lewis, G., Allebeck, P., Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia (2001) Br J Psychiatry, 179, pp. 403-408; Van Os, J., Jones, P., Lewis, G., Wadsworth, M., Murray, R., Developmental precursors of affective illness in a general population birth cohort (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 625-631; Richards, M., Maughan, B., Hardy, R., Hall, I., Strydom, A., Wadsworth, M., Long-term affective disorder in people with mild learning disability (2001) Br J Psychiatry, 179, pp. 523-527; Sigurdsson, E., Van Os, J., Fombonne, E., Are impaired childhood motor skills a risk factor for adolescent anxiety? Results from the 1958 U.K. birth cohort and the National Child Development study (2002) Am J Psychiatry, 159, pp. 1044-1046; Pine, D., Shaffer, D., Schonfeld, I.S., Persistent emotional disorder in children with neurological soft signs (1993) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1229-1236; Cohen, P., Pine, D.S., Must, A., Kasen, S., Brook, J., Prospective associations between somatic illness and mental illness from childhood to adulthood (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 232-239; Ortega, A.N., Huertas, S.E., Canino, G., Ramirez, R., Rubio-Stipec, M., Childhood asthma, chronic illness, and psychiatric disorders (2002) J Nerv Ment Dis, 190, pp. 275-281; Bennett, D.S., Depression among children with chronic medical problems: A meta-analysis (1994) J Pediatr Psychol, 19, pp. 149-169; Bhutta, A.T., Cleves, M.A., Casey, P.H., Cradock, M.M., Anand, K.J.S., Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm. A meta-analysis (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 728-737; Botting, N., Powls, A., Cooke, R.W.I., Marlow, N., Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and other psychiatric outcomes in very low birthweight children at 12 years (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 931-941; Whitaker, A.H., Van Rossem, R., Feldman, J.F., Psychiatric outcomes in low-birth-weight children at age 6 years: Relation to neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 847-856; Saigal, S., Pinelli, J., Hoult, L., Kim, M.M., Boyle, M., Psychopathology and social competencies of adolescents who were extremely low birth weight (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 969-975; McCormick, M.C., Brooks-Gunn, J., Workman-Daniels, K., Turner, J., Peckham, G.J., The health and developmental status of very low-birth-weight children at school age (1992) JAMA, 267, pp. 2204-2208; Breslau, N., Klein, N., Allen, L., Very low birthweight: Behavioral sequelae at nine years of age (1988) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 27, pp. 605-612; Taylor, H.G., Hack, M., Klein, N., Attention deficits in children with < 750 gram birthweight (1998) Child Neuropsychol, 4, pp. 21-34; Nadeau, L., Boivin, M., Tessier, R., Lefebvre, F., Robaey, P., Mediators of behavioral problems in 7-year-old children born after 24 to 28 weeks of gestation (2001) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 22, pp. 1-10; Weisglas-Kuperus, N., Koot, H.M., Baerts, W., Fetter, W.P.F., Sauer, P.J.J., Behavior problems of very low-birthweight children (1993) Dev Med Child Neurol, 35, pp. 406-416; Levy-Shiff, R., Einat, G., Har-Even, D., Emotional and behavioral adjustment in children born prematurely (1994) J Clin Child Psychol, 23, pp. 323-333; Hoy, E.A., Sykes, D.H., Bill, J.M., Halliday, H.L., McClure, B.G., McReid, M., The social competence of very-low-birthweight children: Teacher, peer, and self-perceptions (1992) J Abnorm Child Psychol, 20, pp. 123-150; Achenbach, T.M., (1997) Manual for the Young Adult Self-Report and Young Adult Behavior Checklist, , Burlington, VT: University of Vermont; Hobel, C.J., Hyvarinen, M., Okada, D.M., Oh, W., Prenatal and intrapartum high-risk screening I. Prediction of the high-risk neonate (1973) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 117, pp. 1-9; Hack, M., Breslau, N., Aram, D., Weissman, B., Klein, N., Borawski-Clark, E., The effect of very low birth weight and social risk on neurocognitive abilities at school age (1992) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 13, pp. 412-420; Ferdinand, R.F., Verhulst, F.C., The prediction of poor outcome in young adults: Comparison of the Young Adult Self-Report, the General Health Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 89, pp. 405-410; Achenbach, T.M., Howell, C.T., McConaughy, S.H., Stanger, C., Six-year predictors of problems in a national sample: III. Transitions to young adult syndromes (1995) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34, pp. 658-669; Wiznitzer, M., Verhulst, F.C., Van Den Brink, W., Koeter, M., Van Der Ende, J., Giel, R., Koot, H.M., Detecting psychopathology in young adults: The Young Adult Self Report, the General Health Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist as screening instruments (1992) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 86, pp. 32-37; Barkley, R.A., Murphy, K.R., (1998) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Clinical Workbook, , New York, NY: Guilford Press; Murphy, K.R., Barkley, R.A., Bush, T., Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Subtype differences in comorbidity, educational, and clinical history (2002) J Nerv Ment Dis, 190, pp. 147-157; Cyranowski, J.M., Frank, E., Young, E., Shear, K., Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57, pp. 21-27; Hankin, B.L., Abramsom, L.Y., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., McGee, R., Angell, K.E., Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study (1998) J Abnorm Psychol, 107, pp. 128-140; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Dohrenwend, B.P., Link, B.G., A longitudinal investigation of social causation and social selection processes involved in the association between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders (1999) J Abnorm Psychol, 108, pp. 490-499; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, United Kingdom: Longman Group; Wechsler, D., (1981) The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, , San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; Strauss, R.S., Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age. Twenty-six year follow-up of the 1970 British birth cohort (2000) JAMA, 283, pp. 625-632; Aylward, G.P., Hatcher, R.P., Stripp, B., Gustafson, N.F., Leavitt, A., Who goes and who stays: Subject loss in a multicenter, longitudinal follow-up study (1985) Dev Behav Pediatr, 6, pp. 3-8; Wolke, D., Sohne, B., Ohrt, B., Riegel, K., Follow-up of preterm children: Important to document dropouts (1995) Lancet, 345, p. 447; Achenbach, T.M., Howell, C.T., McConaughy, S.H., Stanger, C., Six-year predictors of problems in a national sample: IV. Young adults signs of disturbance (1998) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 37, pp. 718-727; Visser, J.H., Van Der Ende, J., Koot, H.M., Verhulst, F.C., Predictors of psychopathology in young adults referred to mental health services in childhood or adolescence (2000) Br J Psychiatry, 177, pp. 59-65; Compas, B.E., Oppedisano, G., Connor, J.K., Gerhardt, C.A., Hinden, B.R., Achenbach, T.M., Gender differences in depressive symptoms in adolescence: Comparison of national samples of clinically referred and nonreferred youths (1997) J Consult Clin Psychol, 65, pp. 617-626; Rickert, V.I., Wiemann, C.M., Berenson, A.B., Ethnic differences in depressive symptomatology among young women (2000) Obstet Gynecol, 95, pp. 55-60; Blazer, D.G., Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Swartz, M.S., The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: The National Comorbidity Survey (1994) Am J Psychiatry, 151, pp. 979-986; Ge, X., Lorenz, F., Conger, R.D., Elder Jr., G.H., Simons, R.L., Trajectories of stressful life events and depressive symptoms during adolescence (1994) Dev Psychol, 30, pp. 467-483; Szatmari, P., Saigal, S., Rosenbaum, P., Campbell, D., Psychopathology and adaptive functioning among extremely low birthweight children at eight years of age (1993) Dev Psychopathol, 5, pp. 345-357; Horwood, L.J., Mogridge, N., Darlow, B.A., Cognitive, educational, and behavioral outcomes at 7 and 8 years in a national very low birthweight cohort (1997) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 79, pp. F12-F20; Elgen, I., Sommerfelt, K., Markstad, T., Population based, controlled study of behavioural problems and psychiatric disorders in low birthweight children at 11 years of age (2002) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 87, pp. F128-F132; Pharoah, P.O.D., Stevenson, C.J., Cooke, R.W.I., Stevenson, R.C., Prevalence of behaviour disorders in low birthweight infants (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 271-274; Rose, S.A., Feldman, J.F., Rose, S.L., Wallace, I.F., McCarton, C., Behavior problems at 3 and 6 years: Prevalence and continuity in full-terms and preterms (1992) Dev Psychopathol, 4, pp. 361-374; Ross, G., Lipper, E.G., Auld, P.A.M., Social competence and behavior problems in premature children at school age (1990) Pediatrics, 86, pp. 391-397; Schothorst, P.F., Van Engeland, H., Long-term behavioral sequelae of prematurity (1996) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 35, pp. 175-183; Sykes, D.H., Hoy, E.A., Bill, J.M., McClure, B.G., Halliday, H.L., Reid, M.M., Behavioural adjustment in school of very low birthweight children (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 315-325; Stevenson, C.J., Blackburn, P., Pharoah, P.O.D., Longitudinal study of behaviour disorders in low birthweight infants (1999) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 81, pp. F5-F9; Kandel, D.B., Davies, M., High school students who use crack and other drugs (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 71-80; Chilcoat, H.D., Breslau, N., Pathways from ADHD to early drug use (1999) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38, pp. 1347-1354; Carver, C.S., White, T.L., Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales (1994) J Pers Soc Psychol, 67, pp. 319-333; Depue, R.A., Lenzenweger, M.F., A Neurobehavioral Dimensional Model (2001) Handbook of Personality Disorders. Theory, Research, and Treatment, pp. 136-176. , New York, NY: Guilford; Hille, E.T.M., Den Ouden, A.L., Saigal, S., Behavioural problems in children who weigh 1000 g or less at birth in four countries (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1641-1643; Lengua, L.J., Sadowski, C.A., Friedrich, W.N., Fisher, J., Rationally and empirically derived dimensions of children's symptomatology: Expert ratings and confirmatory factor analyses (2001) J Consult Clin Psychol, 69, pp. 683-698; Drotar, D., Stein, R.E.K., Perrin, E.C., Methodological issues in using the Child Behavior Checklist and its related instruments in clinical and child psychology research (1995) J Clin Child Psychol, pp. 184-192; Van Os, J., Verdoux, H., Maurice-Tison, S., Gay, B., Liraud, F., Salamon, R., Bourgeois, M., Self-reported psychosis-like symptoms and the continuum of psychosis (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 459-463; Verdoux, H., Van Os, J., Psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations and the continuum of psychosis (2002) Schizophrenia Res, 54, pp. 59-65; Johns, L.C., Van Os, J., The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population (2001) Clin Psychol Rev, 21, pp. 1125-1141; Kendell, R.E., McInneny, K., Juszczak, E., Bain, M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia (2000) Br J Psychiatry, 174, pp. 514-522; Rifkin, L., Lewis, S., Jones, P., Toone, B., Murray, R., Low birth weight and schizophrenia (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 165, pp. 357-362; Rifkin, L., Lewis, S.W., Townsend, J., Stewart, A., Schizophrenia and very low birthweight (2000) Schizophrenia Res, 11, p. 94; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51, pp. 8-19; Beardslee, W.R., Gladstone, T.R.G., Wright, E.J., Cooper, A.B., A family-based approach to the prevention of depressive symptoms in children at risk: Evidence of parental and child change (2003) Pediatrics, 112 (2). , www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/112/2/e11a; Deckard-Deater, K., Bulkley, J., Parent concerns in long-term follow-up (2000) Semin Neonatol, 5, pp. 171-178; Laucht, M., Esser, G., Schmidt, M.H., Differential development of infants at risk for psychopathology: The moderating role of early maternal responsivity (2001) Dev Med Child Neurol, 43, pp. 292-300; Usher, R., McLean, F., Intrauterine growth of live-born Caucasian infants at sea level: Standards obtained from measurements in 7 dimensions of infants born between 25 and 44 weeks of gestation (1969) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 901-910 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16644376568&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2003-1017-L&partnerID=40&md5=ddd9c93a7efd133b5d2a07440a51a70d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child development as a determinant of health across the life course T2 - Current Paediatrics J2 - Curr. Paediatr. VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 438 EP - 443 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.cupe.2004.05.008 SN - 09575839 (ISSN) AU - Hertzman, C. AU - Power, C. AD - Dept. of Hlth. Care and Epidemiology, 5804 Fairview Avenue, James Mather Bldg., Univ. Brit. C., Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z3, Canada AD - Center for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, United Kingdom AB - Many diseases that emerge in adult life have their origins much earlier in the life course. Influences on adult health status occur through latent, pathway and cumulative effects of experiences earlier in life. Latency refers to relationships between an exposure at one point in the life course and a health outcome years or decades later, irrespective of intervening experience. Cumulative refers to multiple exposures over the life course, whose effects on health combine. Pathways are dependent sequences in which an exposure at one stage of the life course influences the probability of other exposures later in the life course, which are the proximate causes of disease expression. The emergence of socioeconomic differences in health status across the life course may be understood as an outcome of the interplay between the developing human, who has particular prospects and vulnerabilities at each point in the life course, and the latent, pathway, and cumulative influences found in their daily living conditions in society. Without consideration of both childhood and adult life experiences, policies designed to improve health status will tend to overlook root causes. Health policies should be based on an understanding that problems emerging today may be related to life experiences years and decades earlier. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Child development KW - Cumulative effects KW - Latency KW - Life course KW - Longitudinal research KW - Pathways KW - child development KW - child health KW - childhood disease KW - congenital cataract KW - correlation analysis KW - disease association KW - environmental exposure KW - gestation period KW - health care policy KW - health hazard KW - health status KW - human KW - latent period KW - life expectancy KW - lifestyle KW - nutritional status KW - probability KW - review KW - risk assessment KW - society KW - socioeconomics N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CUPAF LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hertzman, C.; Dept. of Hlth. Care and Epidemiology, 5804 Fairview Avenue, James Mather Bldg., Univ. Brit. C., Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z3, Canada; email: hertzman@interchange.ubc.ca N1 - References: Keating, D., Hertzman, C., (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations, , New York: Guilford Press; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Tracing the origins of ill health from early to adult life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Marmot, M.G., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Fetal and early childhood environment: Long-term health implications (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53; Hertzman, C., Wiens, M., Child development and long-term outcomes: A population health perspective and summary of successful interventions (1996) Soc Sci Med, 43, pp. 1083-1095; Hertzman, C., Power, C., Health and human development: Understandings from life course research (2003) Develop Neuropsychol, 24, pp. 719-744; Francis, D., Diorio, J., Liu, D., Meaney, M.J., Nongenomic transmission across generations of maternal behavior and stress responses in the rat (1999) Science, 286, pp. 1155-1158; Meaney, M.J., Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations (2001) Ann Rev Neurosci, 24, pp. 1161-1192; Barker, D.J.P., Fetal origins of cardiovascular disease (1999) Ann Med, 31 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 3-6; Barker, D.J.P., Forsen, T., Uutela, A., Osmond, C., Eriksson, J.G., Size at birth and resilience to effects of poor living conditions in adult life: Longitudinal study (2001) Br Med J, 323, pp. 1-5; Barker, D.J.P., Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in later life (1997) Br Med Bull, 51 (1), pp. 96-108; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: A systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hyperten, 18, pp. 815-831; Cynader, M.S., Frost, B.J., Mechanisms of brain development: Neuronal sculpting by the physical and social environment (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations, , D. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: Guilford Press; Taylor, D., Congenital cataract: The history, the nature, and the practice (1998) Eye, 12, pp. 9-36; Neugebauer, R., Hoek, H.W., Susser, E., Prenatal exposure to wartime famine and development of antisocial personality disorder in early adulthood (1999) J Am Med Assoc, 282, pp. 455-462; Susser, E., Neugebauer, R., Hoek, H.W., Schizophrenia after prenatal famine: Further evidence (1996) Arch Gener Psych, 53, pp. 25-31; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socio-economic environment on adult health (1999) Am J Pub Health, 89 (7), pp. 1059-1066; Brunner, E.G., Davey Smith, G., Marmot, M., Canner, R., Beksinska, M., O'Brien, J., Childhood social circumstances and psychosocial and behavioural factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen (1996) Lancet, 347 (APRIL 13), pp. 1008-1013; Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) Br Med J, 313, pp. 1434-1438; Wannamethee, G., Whincup, P., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of father's social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; Power, C., Li, L., Manor, O., A prospective study of limiting longstanding illness in early adulthood (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 131-139; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Winter, D.P., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: Longitudinal study (1999) Br Med J, 318, pp. 427-431; Rutter, M., Childhood experiences and adult psychosocial functioning (1991) The Childhood Environment and Adult Disease, , G.R. Bock, & J. Whelan. Chichester: Wiley and Ciba Foundation; Rutter, M., Quinton, D., Hill, J., Adult outcome of institution-reared children: Males and females compared (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , L.N. Robins, & M. Rutter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Frankel, S., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Davey Smith, G., Birthweight, body-mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1478-1480; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, J., Lithell, H.O., Berglund, L., Mohsen, R., Vagero, D., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 401-406; Willms, D., (2002) Vulnerable Children. Findings from Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, , Edmonton: University of Alberta Press;; Kohen, D.E., Brooks-Gunn, Leventhal, T., Hertzman, C., Neighbourhood income and physical and social disorder in Canada: Associations with young children's competencies (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1844-1860; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Tremblay, R.E., Masse, B., Perron, D., Leblanc, M., Disruptive behaviour, poor school achievement, delinquent behaviour, and delinquent personality: Longitudinal analyses (1992) J Consult Clin Psychol, 60, pp. 64-72; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and class: The early years, , London: Chapman Hall; (1999) Statistical Report on the Health of Canadians, , Ottawa: Health Canada;; Winkleby, M.A., Socioeconomic status and health: How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1992) Am J Pub Health, 82, pp. 816-820; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Hole, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) Br Med J, 316, pp. 1631-1635; Drever, F., Whitehead, M., (1997) Health inequalities. Office for national statistics. DS no. 15, , London: Stationery Office; Kunst, A.E., Groenhof, F., MacKenbach, J.P., Health, E.W., Occupational class and cause specific mortality in middle aged men in 11 European countries: Comparison of population based studies (1998) Br Med J, 316, pp. 1636-1642; Evans, R.G., Barer, M.L., Marmor, T.R., (1994) Why Are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations, , New York: Aldine de Gruyter; Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J.M., Van Den Berg, J., International variation in socioeconomic inequalities in self-reported health (1995) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 49, pp. 117-123; Feldman, J.J., Makuc, D.M., Kleinman, J.C., Cornoni-Huntley, J., National trends in educational differentials in mortality (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129 (5), pp. 919-933; Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., Fisher, G., The increasing disparity in mortality between socio-economic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986 (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 103-108; Ravelli, A.C., Der Meulen, J.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Bleker, O.P., Obesity at the age of 50 years in men and women exposed to famine prenatally (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 811-816; Ravelli, G.P., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 349-353; Stanner, S.A., Bulmer, K., Andres, C., Lantseva, O.E., Borodina, V., Poteen, V.V., Yudkin, J.S., Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 1342-1348; Pensola, T., From past to present: Effect of lifecourse on mortality and social class difference in mortality in middle adulthood (2003) Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, , XXXIX 2003 Supplement. The Population Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Putnam, R.D., Leonardi, R., Nanetti, R.Y., (1993) Making democracy work. civic traditions in modern italy, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Rose, R., Russia as an hour-glass society: A construction without citizens (1995) East Eur Constitut Rev, pp. 34-42; Kaplan, G.A., Strawbridge, W.J., Cohen, R.D., Hungerford, L.R., Natural history of leisure-time physical activity and its correlates: Associations with mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular disease over 28 years (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 144, pp. 793-797; Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P., Lochner, K., Prothrow-Stit, D., Social capital, income inequality, and mortality (1997) Am J Pub Health, 87, pp. 1491-1498; Berkman, L.F., The role of social relations in health promotion (1995) Psychosomatic Med, 57, pp. 245-254; Hertzman, C., Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Using an interactive framework of society and lifecourse to explain self-rated health in early adulthood (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 1575-1585; Ross, D.P., Roberts, P., (1999) Income and child well-being: A new perspective on the poverty debate, , Ottawa: Canadian Council on Social Development; McCain, M.N., Mustard, J.F., (1999) Reversing the real brain drain: Early years study final report, , Toronto: Ontario Children's Secretariat; (1995) Growing Up in Canada: National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, , Ottawa: Minister of Industry; (1995) Literacy, Economy and Society, , Paris: OECD; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Cavelaars, A.E.J.M., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J.M., Crialesi, R., Grötvedt, L., Helmert, U., Lahelma, E., MacKenbach, J.P., Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups: An overview of 10 European countries (2000) Ann Hum Biol, 27, pp. 407-421; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Nanchahal, K., Braddon, F.E.M., Pemberton, J., Peters, T.J., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in pre-war Britain (1998) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 52, pp. 142-152; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4143055968&doi=10.1016%2fj.cupe.2004.05.008&partnerID=40&md5=4525423683d0b224558bbf7e34e5ef9f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low birth weight is associated with higher adult total cholesterol concentration in men: Findings from an occupational cohort of 25 843 employees T2 - Circulation J2 - Circulation VL - 110 IS - 10 SP - 1258 EP - 1262 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1161/01.CIR.0000140980.61294.4D SN - 00097322 (ISSN) AU - Davies, A.A. AU - Smith, G.D. AU - Ben-Shlomo, Y. AU - Litchfield, P. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Brit. Telecom Occup. Health Service, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Rd, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AB - Background-The majority of studies investigating the association between birth weight and adult total cholesterol (TC) concentration have been small and underpowered: not surprisingly, the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to determine whether birth weight predicted adult TC in a large sample population. Methods and Results-Between 1994 and 1996, 132 000 British Telecom employees undertook voluntary occupational health screening. Birth weight and lifestyle factors were self-reported; TC concentration and body size were measured by occupational health nurses. Complete measurements were available for 18 286 men and 7557 women (age range, 17 to 64 years). We found that sex and birth weight significantly interacted to predict adult TC (birth weight/sex interaction term, P=0.002). In men, lower birth weight was associated with higher adult TC levels (a -0.07 reduction in TC for each 1-kg increase in birth weight; 95% CI, -0.09 to -0.04 mmol/L; P<0.001), whereas no association was observed in women. Adjustment for potential confounding factors, including current body size and menopausal status, did not alter the findings. Analysis by SD score showed that in men, a 1-SD decrease in body mass index lowered TC concentration ≈5-fold more than a 1-SD increase in birth weight. Conclusions-This is the largest study to investigate the association between birth weight and TC and suggests that the association may be dependent on sex. The absence of an association in women was not explained by menopausal status. The influence of fetal environment on adult TC is small compared with the influence of adult adiposity. KW - Birth weight KW - Cholesterol KW - Epidemiology KW - Sex KW - cholesterol KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - body size KW - cholesterol blood level KW - cohort analysis KW - disease association KW - female KW - gender KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mass screening KW - menopause KW - obesity KW - occupational health nursing KW - priority journal KW - self report KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Body Size KW - Body Weight KW - Cholesterol KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Hypercholesterolemia KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Menopause KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CIRCA C2 - 15326068 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Smith, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Rd, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: zetkin@bristol.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: cholesterol, 57-88-5; Cholesterol, 57-88-5 N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life. 2nd Ed., , Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; Lucas, A., Programming by early nutrition in man (1991) The Childhood Environment and Adult Disease, pp. 38-55. , Bock GR, Whelan J, eds. Ciba Foundation Symposium 156. Chichester, UK: John Wiley; Kannel, W.B., Castelli, W.P., Gordon, T., Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study (1971) Ann Intern Med, 74, pp. 1-12; Bavdekar, A., Yajnik, C.S., Fall, C.H.D., Insulin resistance syndrome in 8-year-old Indian children: Small at birth, big at 8 years, or both? (1999) Diabetes, 48, pp. 2422-2429; Kawabe, H., Shibata, H., Hirose, H., Sexual differences in relationships between birth weight or current body weight and blood pressure or cholesterol in young Japanese students (1999) Hypertens Res, 22, pp. 169-172; Miura, K., Nakagawa, H., Tabata, M., Birth weight, childhood growth, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese aged 20 years (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 783-789; Suzuki, T., Minami, J., Ohrui, M., Relationship between birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese young adults (2000) Am J Hypertens, 13, pp. 907-913; Mogren, I., Högberg, U., Stegmayr, B., Fetal exposure, heredity and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in a Swedish welfare cohort (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 853-862; Ziegler, B., Johnsen, S.P., Thulstrup, A.M., Inverse association between birth weight, birth length and serum total cholesterol in adulthood (2000) Scand Cardiovasc J, 34, pp. 584-588; Skidmore, P.M.L., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D.J., Birth weight and lipids in a national birth cohort study (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, pp. 588-594; Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Jespersen, S., Impaired fetal growth and atherosclerosis of carotid and peripheral arteries (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 173-178; Fall, C.H.D., Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Relation of infant feeding to adult serum cholesterol concentration and death from ischaemic heart disease (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 801-805; Owen, C.G., Whincup, P.H., Odoki, K., Birth weight and blood cholesterol level: A study in adolescents and systematic review (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 1081-1089; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: A systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hypertens, 13, pp. 815-831; Huxley, R., Neil, A., Collins, R., Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis: Is there really an inverse association between birthweight and subsequent blood pressure? (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 659-665; Summerton, A.M., Summerton, N., The use of desk-top cholesterol analysers in general practice (1995) Public Health, 109, pp. 363-367; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , London, UK: Livingstone; Alberman, E., Filakti, H., Williams, S., Early influences on the secular change in adult height between the parents and children of the 1958 birth cohort (1991) Ann Hum Biol, 18, pp. 127-136; Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M.S., Cole, T.J., Fetal origins of adult disease: The hypothesis revisited (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 245-249; Warnick, G.R., Leary, E.T., Ammirati, E.B., Cholesterol in fingerstick capillary specimens can be equivalent to conventional venous measurements (1994) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 118, pp. 1110-1114; Lumey, L.H., Stein, A.D., Ravelli, A.C.J., Maternal recall of birthweights of adult children: Validation by hospital and well baby clinic records (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 1006-1012; Colhoun, H., Prescott-Clarke, P., (1996) Health Survey for England 1994. Volume 1: Findings, 1. , London: HMSO; Peters, H.W., Westendorp, I.C.D., Hak, A.E., Menopausal status and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1999) J Intern Med, 246, pp. 521-528; Singhal, A., Fewtrell, M., Cole, T.J., Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1089-1097; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Is there a sex difference in the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure in later life? Findings from a meta-regression analysis (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 156, pp. 1100-1104 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4444272629&doi=10.1161%2f01.CIR.0000140980.61294.4D&partnerID=40&md5=f83d0e964b4b5fef6a3f08e1850383b1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender earnings differentials across individuals over time in British cohort studies T2 - International Journal of Manpower J2 - Int. J. Manpow. VL - 25 IS - 3-4 SP - 251 EP - 263 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1108/01437720410541380 SN - 01437720 (ISSN) AU - Makepeace, G. AU - Dolton, P. AU - Joshi, H. AD - Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK, United Kingdom AD - University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London, UK, United Kingdom AB - This paper analyses gender wage differentials in full-time employment using recently released data from the National Child Development Study and the British Cohort Study 1970. The paper compares the situations of individuals in their early thirties in 1991 and 2000 and the position of full-time employees in NCDS as the cohorts aged between 33 and 42. The distribution of individuals' experiences of unequal pay is emphasised by comparing distributions of gender differentials of an "index of unequal treatment". Passing from age 33 to 42, unequal treatment increased substantially, across the whole distribution. KW - Gender KW - Pay differentials KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Anderson, T., Forth, J., Metcalf, H., Kirby, S., (2001) The Gender Pay Gap, , Women and Equality Unit, Cabinet Office London; (2003) Changing Britain Changing Lives, , Bynner, J. Ferri, E. Wadsworth, M. Institute of Education London; Dolton, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., (2002) Unpacking unequal pay between men and women across cohort and lifecycle, , Cohort Studies Discussion Paper No. 2, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , Ferri, E. National Children's Bureau London; Jenkins, S., Earnings discrimination measurement (1994) Journal of Econometrics, 61 (1), pp. 81-102; Joshi, H.E., Paci, P., (1998) Unequal Pay of Women and Men: Evidence from the British Birth Cohort Studies, , (with Makepeace, G. and Waldfogel, J.) MIT Press Cambridge, MA; Juhn, C., Murphy, K., Pierce, B., Wage inequality and the rise in the returns to skill (1993) Journal of Political Economy, 101 (3), pp. 410-42; Makepeace, G.H., Paci, P., Joshi, H., Dolton, P.J., How unequally has equal pay progressed since the 1970s? a study of two British birth cohorts (1999) Journal of Human Resources, 34 (3), pp. 534-56; Paci, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., Pay gaps facing men and women born in 1958: Differences within the labour market (1995) The Economics of Equal Opportunities, pp. 87-111. , Humphries, J. Rubery, J. Equal Opportunities Commission Manchester; Blinder, A.S., Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural variables (1973) Journal of Human Resources, 8, pp. 436-65; Booth, A., Francesconi, M., Frank, J., Glass ceilings and sticky floors (2003) European Economic Review, 47, pp. 295-322; Pay Task Force, E., (2001) Just Pay, , Equal Opportunities Commission Manchester; Jones, D.R., Makepeace, G.H., Equal worth, equal opportunities: Pay and promotion in an internal labour market (1996) Economic Journal, 106, pp. 401-9; Joshi, H., Paci, P., Life in the labour market (1997) Twenty-Something in the Nineteen Ninties, Getting On, Getting by and Getting Nowhere, , Bynner Ferri Dartmouth Press; Kingsmill, D., (2001) Women's Employment and Pay, , Cabinet Office and DTI, available at: www.kingsmillreview.gov.uk/; Oaxaca, R., Male-female wage differentials in urban labour markets (1973) International Economic Review, 14 (3), pp. 693-709 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4344612919&doi=10.1108%2f01437720410541380&partnerID=40&md5=2cc1ebf2d5c377692a3616f0e81e107b ER - TY - JOUR TI - The 3-day week of 1974 and earnings data reliability in the family expenditure survey and the national child development study T2 - Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics J2 - Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat. VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - 567 EP - 579 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1468-0084.2004.00093.x SN - 03059049 (ISSN) AU - Grawe, N.D. AD - Department of Economics, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, United States AB - In early 1974, an energy conservation policy limited the British workweek to 3 days. Researchers fear that earnings reports given by survey respondents during this period may not be comparable with those given in more typical circumstances. This study uses responses during and after the 3-day week policy to estimate the degree of misreporting in the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the Family Expenditure Survey (FES). The estimates show that very few respondents gave 'incorrect' 3-day figures. In the FES, the estimated fraction of misreports is no larger than 3.2%; in the NCDS, the best estimate is 0. N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Grawe, N.D.; Department of Economics, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, United States; email: ngrawe@carleton.edu N1 - References: Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) The Economic Journal, 107, pp. 47-66; (1972) Mr Heath Insists Country Will Respond to Firmness on Incomes and Prices Aims, , Nov. 1; (1972) 90-day Standstill on Incomes and Prices, , Nov. 7; (1973) Labour's Alternative: Prices Commission, , Feb. 6; (1973) 'Flexible' Phase Three Rise of (BP) 2.25 Brings Critical Union Response, , Oct. 9; (1973) Overtime Ban May Bring Pits to Standstill, , Nov. 9; (1973) Lights Go out As Emergency Powers Bite, , Nov. 14; (1973) Coal Production Is Down by A Third, , Nov. 30; (1973) Three-day Week for Industry because of Electricity Cuts, , Dec. 14; Micklewright, J., (1986) A Note on Household Income Data in the NCDS3, , Working Paper No. 18, National Child Development Study User Support Group; Stewart, M.B., On least squares estimation when the dependent variable is grouped (1983) The Review of Economic Studies, 50, pp. 737-753 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4744374742&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-0084.2004.00093.x&partnerID=40&md5=1fe0e100dab03600fad7485e367f9677 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes in early childhood and children's adult values T2 - European Psychologist J2 - Eur. Psychol. VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 154 EP - 162 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1027/1016-9040.9.3.154 SN - 10169040 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AD - University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. for Res. Parenting/Children, Dept. of Social Plcy. and Social Wk., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Statistics at St. Hilda's College, United States AD - University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study used longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine links between mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes, assessed when children were aged 5, and children's values at age 30 (antiracism, right-wing beliefs, support for authority, support for traditional marital values, support for working mothers, political cynicism, environmentalism, and support for the work ethic). Mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes were positively related to cohort members' antiracism and environmentalism, and were negatively related to cohort members' support for authority, support for traditional marital values, and support for the work ethic even after mothers' values (liberalism and support for working mothers) and known early (parental social class, socioeconomic disadvantage, family structure, general ability, and emotional and behavioral problems) and concurrent (social class, partner status, religiosity, self-reported physical health, and depressed mood) confounding Jactors were controlled for. KW - BCS70 KW - Child-rearing attitudes KW - Parenting KW - Values N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Austin, E.J., Deary, I.J., Whiteman, M.C., Fowkes, F.G.R., Pedersen, N.L., Rabbitt, P., Bent, N., McInnes, L., Relationships between ability and personality: Does intelligence contribute positively to personal and social adjustment? (2002) Personality and Individual Differences, 32, pp. 1391-1411; Barber, B.K., Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct (1996) Child Development, 67, pp. 3296-3319; Baumrind, D., Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior (1967) Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, pp. 43-88; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2000) The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study, , London: Center for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Friedman, H.S., Long-term relations of personality and health: Dynamisms, mechanisms, tropisms (2000) Journal of Personality, 68, pp. 1089-1107; Fustenberg, F.F., Cook, P.D., Eccles, J., Elder, G.H., Sameroff, A., (1999) Managing to Make It: Urban Families and Adolescent Success, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Guastello, D.D., Peissig, R.M., Authoritarianism, environmentalism, and cynicism of college students and their parents (1998) Journal of Research in Personality, 32, pp. 397-410; Holden, G.W., Edwards, L.A., Parental attitudes toward child-rearing: Instruments, issues, and implications (1989) Psychological Bulletin, 106, pp. 29-58; Inglehart, R., (1990) Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Inglehart, R., Culture and democracy (2000) Culture Matters, , S. Huntington & L. Harrison (Eds.). New York: Basic Books; Inglehart, R., Baker, W.E., Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values (2000) American Sociological Review, 65, pp. 19-51; Katainen, S., Päikkönen, K., Keskivaara, P., Keltikangas- Järvinen, L., Maternal child-rearing attitudes and role satisfaction and children's temperament as antecedents of adolescent depressive tendencies: Follow-up study of 6- to 15-year-olds (1999) Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, pp. 139-163; Kasser, T., Koestner, R., Lekes, N., Early family experiences and adult values: A 26-year, prospective longitudinal study (2002) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, pp. 826-835; Kochanska, G., Kuczynski, L., Radke-Yarrow, M., Correspondence between mothers' self-reported and observed child-rearing practices (1989) Child Development, 60, pp. 56-63; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five-Year-Olds, , London: Routledge; Peterson, B.E., Smirles, K.A., Wentworth, P.A., Generativity and authoritarianism: Implications for personality, political involvement, and parenting (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, pp. 1202-1216; Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J.E., Denton, F., Family structure, materialism and compulsive consumption (1997) Journal of Consumer Research, 23, pp. 312-325; Richins, M.L., Dawson, S., A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation (1992) Journal of Consumer Research, 19, pp. 303-316; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behavior, , London: Longman; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence of context, timing, and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to midadulthood (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504; Scott, L.H., Measuring intelligence with the Goodenough-Harris drawing test (1981) Psychological Bulletin, 89, pp. 483-505; Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990s: Getting on, Getting by, Getting Nowhere, pp. 129-136. , J. Bynner, E. Ferri, & P. Shepherd (Eds.). Aldershot: Ashgate; Thompson, A., Hollis, C., Richards, D., Authoritarian parenting attitudes as a risk for conduct problems: Results from a British national cohort study (2003) European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, pp. 84-91; Waller, N.G., Kojetin, B.A., Bouchard Jr., T.J., Lykken, D.T., Tellegen, A., Genetic and environmental influences on religious interests, attitudes and values: A study of twins reared apart and together (1990) Psychological Science, 1, pp. 138-142 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7444237546&doi=10.1027%2f1016-9040.9.3.154&partnerID=40&md5=b1c894de4e81f1004dfebec2e984dbc7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fifty-year trends in serial body mass index during adolescence in girls: The Fels Longitudinal Study T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 80 IS - 2 SP - 441 EP - 446 PY - 2004 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Demerath, E.W. AU - Li, J. AU - Sun, S.S. AU - Chumlea, W.C. AU - Remsberg, K.E. AU - Czerwinski, S.A. AU - Towne, B. AU - Siervogel, R.M. AD - Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States AD - Lifespan Health Research Center, 3171 Research Boulevard, Kettering, OH 45420, United States AB - Background: A decline in the age at menarche was recently reported for US girls. Although it is possible that this recent drop stems from the concurrent increase in childhood obesity, few longitudinal studies of growth and development have been undertaken to specifically address the temporal relation between growth, adiposity, and the age at menarche. Objective: The objective was to simultaneously examine the effects of birth cohort (secular trend) and rate of maturation (age at menarche) on the timing and pattern of increases in body mass index (BMI) during adolescence in girls. Design: We applied mixed-effects polynomial models to serial BMI data, spanning from 6 y before menarche to 6 y after menarche, obtained from 211 girls enrolled in the Fels Longitudinal Study. We examined the effects of birth cohort (defined as girls born 1929-1946, 1947-1964, and 1965-1983) and age at menarche (defined as ≤11.9 y, 12.0-13.1 y, and ≥13.2 y) on the magnitude and velocity of BMI during adolescence. Results: BMI and BMI velocity in girls born after 1965 were significantly greater than those of girls of earlier birth cohorts, despite stability in the mean age at menarche. Although girls with early menarche tended to have significantly higher BMIs than did girls with average or later menarche, these differences did not emerge until after menarche. Conclusion: These data suggest that increases in relative weight are a consequence, rather than a determinant, of the age at menarche and that secular changes in BMI and in the mean age at menarche could be independent phenomena. © 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition. KW - Adolescence KW - Body composition KW - Body mass index KW - Cohort effect KW - Female children KW - Growth KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Menarche KW - Sex maturation KW - United States KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth KW - body growth KW - body mass KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - growth rate KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - maturation KW - menarche KW - normal human KW - sexual maturation KW - statistical significance KW - United States KW - adult KW - aged KW - body composition KW - growth KW - longitudinal study KW - middle aged KW - time KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Body Composition KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Menarche KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - United States N1 - Cited By :84 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 15277168 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Demerath, E.W.; Lifespan Health Research Center, 3171 Research Boulevard, Kettering, OH 45420, United States; email: ellen.demerath@wright.edu N1 - References: Troiano, R.P., Regal, K.M., Kuczmarski, R.J., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1963-1991 (1995) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 149, pp. 1085-1091; Ogden, C., Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Johnson, C., Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000 (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1728-1732; Herman-Giddens, M., Slora, E., Wasserman, R., Bourdony, C., Bhapker, M., Koch, G., Secondary sex characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: A study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings Network (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 505-512; Kaplowitz, P., Slora, E., Wasserman, R., Pedlow, S., Herman-Giddens, M., Earlier onset of puberty in girls: Relation to increased body mass index and race (2001) Pediatrics, 108, pp. 347-353; Freedman, D., Kahn, L., Serdula, M., Dietz, W., Srinivasan, S., Berenson, G., Relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2002) Pediatrics, 110, pp. e43; Wattigney, W., Srinivasan, S., Chen, W., Greenlund, K., Berenson, G., Secular trend of earlier onset of menarche with increasing obesity in black and white girls: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1999) Ethn Dis, 9, pp. 181-189; Anderson, S., Dallal, G., Must, A., Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: Results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 844-850; Chumlea, W., Schubert, C., Roche, A., Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 110-113; Biro, F., McMahon, R., Streigel-Moore, R., Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (2001) J Pediatr, 138, pp. 636-643; Garn, S., Lavelle, M., Rosenburg, K., Hawthorne, V., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 43, pp. 879-883; Kimm, S., Barton, B., Obarzanek, E., Racial divergence in adiposity during adolescence: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. E34; Power, C., Lake, J., Cole, T., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Tanner, J., (1962) Growth at Adolescence. 2nd Ed., , London: Blackwell Scientific; Van Lethe, F., Kemper, C., Van Mechelan, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Adair, L., Gordon-Larsen, P., Maturational timing and overweight prevalence in US adolescent girls (2001) Am J Public Health, 91, pp. 642-644; Davison, K., Susman, E., Birch, L., Percent body fat at age 5 predicts earlier pubertal development among girls at age 9 (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 815-821; De Ridder, C., Thijssen, J., Bruning, P., Van Den Brande, J., Zonderland, M., Erich, W., Body fat mass, body fat distribution, and pubertal development: A longitudinal study of physical and hormonal sexual maturation of girls (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 75, pp. 442-446; Ellison, P., Puberty (2002) Human Growth and Development, pp. 65-84. , Cameron N, ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press; Legro, R.S., Lin, H.M., Demers, L.M., Lloyd, T., Rapid maturation of the reproductive axis during perimenarche independent of body composition (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, pp. 1021-1025; Hamill, P., Drizd, T., Johnson, C., Reed, R., Roche, A., (1977) NCHS Growth Curves for Children, Birth-18 Years, United States, pp. 1-74. , Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11; National Health Survey, no. 165; Lohman, T., Roche, A., Martorell, R., (1988) Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, , Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc; Roche, A.F., (1992) Growth, Maturation and Body Composition: The Fels Longitudinal Study 1929-1991, , Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press; Bock, R., Du Toit, S., Thissen, D., (1994) AUXAL: Auxological Analysis of Longitudinal Measurements of Human Stature. 2 Ed., , Chicago: Scientific Software International; Guo, S., Chi, E., Wisemandle, W., Chumlea, W., Roche, A., Siervogel, R., Serial changes in blood pressure from childhood into young adulthood for females in relation to body mass index and maturational age (1998) Am J Hum Biol, 10, pp. 589-598; (2000) SAS/STATusers Guide. 8.2 Ed., , Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc; Garn, S., Lavelle, M., Pilkington, J., Comparisons of fatness in premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls of the same age (1983) Adolesc Med, 103, pp. 328-331; Lindgren, G., Growth of schoolchildren with early, average and late ages of peak height velocity (1978) Ann Hum Biol, 53, pp. 253-267; Shuttleworth, F., Sexual maturation and physical growth of girls age six to nineteen (1937) Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 2, pp. 1-253; Van Lethe, F., Kemper, C., Van Mechelan, W., Post, G., Twisk, D., Snel, J., Biological maturation and the distribution of subcutaneous fat from adolescence to adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Int J Obes, 20, pp. 121-129; Morrison, J., Barton, B., Biro, F., Sprecher, D., Falkner, F., Obarzanek, E., Sexual maturation and obesity in 9- and 10-year old black and white girls: The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (1994) J Pediatr, 1246, pp. 889-895; Nimrod, A., Ryan, K., Aromatization of androgens by human abdominal and breast fat tissue (1975) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 40, pp. 367-372; Iuliano-Burns, S., Mirwald, R., Bailey, D., Timing and magnitude of peak height velocity and peak tissue velocities for early, average, and late maturing boys and girls (2001) Am J Hum Biol, 13, pp. 1-8; Ellison, P., Skeletal growth, fatness, and menarcheal age: A comparison of two hypotheses (1982) Hum Biol, 54, pp. 269-281; Marshall, W., Tanner, J., Puberty (1986) Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise. 2 Ed., pp. 171-210. , Falkner F, Tanner J, eds. New York: Plenum Press; Barlow, S., Dietz, W., Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert committee recommendations (1998) Pediatrics, 102, pp. e29; Seidell, J., Relationships of total and regional body composition to morbidity and mortality (1996) Human Body Composition, pp. 345-354. , Roche AF, Heymsfield S, Lohman T, eds. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; Maynard, L.M., Wisemandle, W., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S.S., Siervogel, R.M., Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 344-350; Garn, S., Leonard, W., Hawthorne, V., Three limitations of the body mass index (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 996-997 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4344674128&partnerID=40&md5=6f3fae2a9d48f3e6982db87de76a3d3d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birthweight and work participation in adulthood T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 849 EP - 856 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh111 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Kristensen, P. AU - Bjerkedal, T. AU - Irgens, L.M. AD - Natl. Inst. of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway AD - Div. of Military Medical Res./Devmt., Joint Norwegian Medical Services, 0753 Oslo, Norway AD - Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Locus of Registry Based Epidemiology, University of Bergen, 5018 Bergen, Norway AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway AB - Background. In a number of studies, birthweight has been associated with cognition and educational attainment into adult age. However, the association is not clear between birthweight and work participation in adulthood. We investigated this association assessing to which extent it was influenced by circumstances concerning family background or disease in early life. Methods. Through linkage between several national registers containing personal information from birth into adult age we established a longitudinal, population-based cohort study. Study participants were all 308 829 singletons born in Norway in 1967-1971 as registered by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway who were national residents at age 29. The study outcome was unemployment defined as a lack of personal income among people who were not under education in the calendar year of their 29th birthday as registered by the National Insurance Administration and Statistics Norway. Results. Birthweight below the standardized mean was associated with unemployment. The risk of unemployment increased by decreasing birthweight for both women and men and also after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The association was evident both in people with or without social disadvantage, as well as people with or without childhood disease. Still, birthweight below the standardized mean explained much less of the unemployment risk than did social disadvantage (attributable fractions 8.0% versus 28.3% for women and 10.0% versus 40.2% for men). Conclusion. Birthweight below the standardized mean was independently associated with unemployment at age 29, also in the normal birthweight range. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved. KW - Adult KW - Birthweight KW - Child KW - Cohort studies KW - Employment KW - Follow-up studies KW - Social environment KW - labor participation KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - education KW - employment KW - family KW - female KW - health insurance KW - human KW - income KW - longitudinal study KW - low birth weight KW - male KW - medical assessment KW - Norway KW - outcomes research KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - register KW - risk assessment KW - social environment KW - standardization KW - statistics KW - unemployment KW - work capacity KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Norway KW - Prevalence KW - Risk KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Unemployment N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15166206 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kristensen, P.; Natl. Inst. of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway; email: petter.kristensen@stami.no N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmonds, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Power, C., Li, L., Manor, O., A prospective study of limiting longstanding illness in early adulthood (2000) Int. J. Epidemiol., 29, pp. 131-139; Power, C., Li, L., Cohort study of birthweight, mortality, and disability (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 840-841; Cheung, Y.B., Khoo, K.S., Karlberg, J., Machin, D., Association between psychological symptoms in adults and growth in early life: Longitudinal follow up study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 749-751; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol., 31, pp. 342-348; Strauss, R.S., Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age: Twenty-six-year follow-up of the 1970 British Birth Cohort (2000) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 283, pp. 625-632; Phillips, D.I.W., Handelsman, D.J., Eriksson, J.G., Forsén, T., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Prenatal growth and subsequent marital status: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 771; Dahl, E., Social mobility and health: Cause or effect? More likely that adverse social circumstances cause ill health than the other way around (editorial) (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 435-436; Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Sociol. Health Illness, 15, pp. 1-15; Irgens, L.M., The Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years (2000) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 79, pp. 435-439; (1997) Births in Norway Through 30 Years, , Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Bergen: Medical Birth Registry of Norway; Bjerkedal, T., Thune, O., Basic benefit and attendance benefit to children in Norway - Prevalence and cause specific rates (1994) Tidsskr Nor Lœgeforen, 114, pp. 1941-1945; Preston, D.L., Lubin, J.H., Pierce, D.A., McConney, M.E., (1993) Epicure, , Seattle: Hirosoft International Corporation; Greenland, S., Application of stratified analysis methods (1997) Modern Epidemiology, pp. 281-300. , Rothman KJ, Greenland S (eds). 2nd Edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478; Burström, B., Whitehead, M., Lindholm, C., Diderichsen, F., Inequality in the social consequences of illness: How well do people with long-term illness fare in the British and Swedish labor markets? (2000) Int. J. Health Serv., 30, pp. 435-451; Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Frankel, S., How policy informs the evidence (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 184-185. , (editorial); Rose, G., Sick individuals and sick populations (1985) Int. J. Epidemiol., 14, pp. 32-38 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644352996&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh111&partnerID=40&md5=cf9f24dfe73251f6b3c37e7f5b01285e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relation between children's height and outdoor air pollution from coal-burning sources in the British 1946 birth cohort T2 - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health J2 - Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health VL - 77 IS - 6 SP - 383 EP - 386 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1007/s00420-004-0522-5 SN - 03400131 (ISSN) AU - Bobak, M. AU - Richards, M. AU - Wadsworth, M. AD - Intl. Centre for Health and Society, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health/Devmt., Dept. of Epiddemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Objective: Air pollution is associated with a number of health outcomes in childhood. In this study, we investigated whether air pollution is related to children's height. Methods: The 1946 British birth cohort study recruited 5,362 children born in 1 week in March 1946. Height was measured when the children were aged 2, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 15 years. Data on socio-economic conditions and other characteristics were obtained in interviews. Areas of children's residence were categorised into four groups of air pollution on the basis of published coal-consumption data. Results: After controlling for socio-economic factors, we found that air pollution was associated with children's height at several ages. The association, adjusted for socio-economic factors, was strongest at the age of 7 years, when children in the most polluted areas were 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.5-1.8) cm shorter than those in the least polluted areas. After the age of 7 years the effect of air pollution diminished and disappeared by the age of 15 years. Further adjustment for birth weight and respiratory illness in childhood did not change this pattern. Conclusions: Children's height was inversely associated with air pollution, but the magnitude of the effect depended on age. However, the biological mechanisms linking children's growth with air pollution are not evident, and it remains to be confirmed whether the relationship is genuine and causal. © Springer-Verlag 2004. KW - Air pollution KW - Children KW - Growth KW - Height KW - Outdoor KW - coal KW - adolescent KW - air pollution KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - child KW - child growth KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - demography KW - energy resource KW - environmental exposure KW - female KW - health hazard KW - human KW - interview KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - respiratory tract disease KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Air Pollutants KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Coal KW - Cookery KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Great Britain KW - Growth KW - Heating KW - Humans KW - Interviews KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IAOHD C2 - 15338223 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bobak, M.; Intl. Centre for Health and Society, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: m.bobak@ucl.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Air Pollutants; Coal N1 - Funding details: RCUK, Research Councils UK N1 - Funding text: Acknowledgements The study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council. N1 - References: Berkey, C.S., Dockery, D.W., Wang, X., Wypij, D., Ferris, B.G., Height velocity standards for US adolescents (2003) Stat. Med., 12, pp. 403-414; Bobak, M., Outdoor air pollution, birth weight and prematurity (2000) Environ. Health Perspect., 108, pp. 173-176; Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., Air pollution and infant mortality in the Czech Republic, 1986-88 (1992) Lancet., 340, pp. 1010-1014; Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., The effect of air pollution on infant mortality appears specific for respiratory causes in the postneonatal period (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 666-670; Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., Pregnancy outcomes and outdoor air pollution: An ecological study in districts of the Czech Republic 1986-1988 (1999) Occup. Environ. Med., 56, pp. 539-543; Bobak, M., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M., Air pollution and low birth weight in Britain in 1946 (2001) Epidemiology, 12, pp. 358-359; Health effects of outdoor air pollution (1996) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 153, pp. 3-50. , Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society; Dejmek, J., Selevan, S.G., Benes, I., Pilcik, T., Sram, R.J., Fetal growth and maternal exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy (1999) Environ. Health Perspect., 107, pp. 475-480; Douglas, J.W.B., Waller, R.E., Air pollution and respiratory infection in children (1966) Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 20, pp. 1-8; Eskenazi, B., Bergmann, J.J., Passive and active maternal smoking during pregnancy, as measured by serum cotinine, and postnatal smoke exposure. I. Effects on physical growth at age 5 years (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol., 142 (9 SUPPL.), pp. S10-S18; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children: Results from the National Child Development (1971) Study Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Jedrychowski, W., Maugeri, U., Jedrychowska-Bianchi, I., Body growth rate in preadolescent children and outdoor air quality (2002) Environ. Res., 90, pp. 12-20; Lipfert, F.W., (1994) Air Pollution and Community Health. A Critical Review and Data Source Book, , 1st edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York; Pikhart, H., Bobak, M., Kriz, B., Air pollution and height of preschool children in the Czech Republic (2002) Epidemiology, 13 (SUPPL.), pp. S178. , (Abstract presented at the 14th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology in Vancouver, Canada, 11-15 August 2002); Raizenne, M., Dales, R., Burnett, R., Air pollution exposures and children's health (1998) Can. J. Public Health, 89 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S43-S53; Ritz, B., Yu, F., The effect of ambient carbon monoxide on low birth weight among children born in Southern California between 1989 and 1993 (1999) Environ. Health Perspect., 107, pp. 17-25; Ritz, B., Yu, F., Chapa, G., Fruin, S., Effect of air pollution on preterm birth among children born in Southern California between 1989-1993 (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 502-511; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Me. Bull., 37, pp. 265-272; Schwela, D., Air pollution and health in urban areas (2000) Rev. Environ. Health, 15, pp. 13-42; Tanner, J.M., Davies, P., Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children (1985) J. Pediatr., 107, pp. 317-328; Wadsworth, M.E.J., The imprint of time: Childhood, history and adult life (1991), London Clarendon Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworh, S.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., Connor, M., The life course design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc. Sci. Med., 57, pp. 2193-2205; Woodruff, T.J., Grillo, J., Schoendorf, K.C., The relationship between selected causes of postneonatal infant mortality and particulate air pollution in the United States (1997) Environ. Health Perspect., 105, pp. 608-612 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644297443&doi=10.1007%2fs00420-004-0522-5&partnerID=40&md5=0fef69dfa371fb4bf7f7bae4dd6826f2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of overweight and obesity in male adolescents in Austria between 1985 and 2000. A population based study T2 - Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism J2 - J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 72 PY - 2004 SN - 0334018X (ISSN) AU - Rami, B. AU - Schober, E. AU - Kirchengast, S. AU - Waldhör, T. AU - Sefranek, R. AD - University Children's Hospital, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A 1090 Vienna, Austria AD - Institute for Anthropology, University of Viena, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A 1090 Vienna, Austria AD - Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Epidemiology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A 1090 Vienna, Austria AD - Ministry of Defence, Health Department, Vienna, Austria AB - Objective: To analyse the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Austrian men, to describe a possible time trend during the observation period 1985-2000 and to define regional differences within the country. Design: Epidemiological population based investigation (conscript health investigation) comparing aggregated data of four cross-sectional studies. Subjects: Four cohorts of 18 year-old males (1985: n = 50,475, 1990: n = 47,463, 1995: n = 39,275, 2000: n = 43,503), in total n = 180,716. Methods: Measurements of height and weight were performed during the nationwide conscript health investigation. BMI was calculated and overweight was defined as BMI ≥25.00 kg/m2 and obesity as BMI ≥30.00 kg/m2. Besides height and weight data, information on place of residence of the young men was used for the study. Chi-squared and Student's t-test were calculated to test group differences with respect to their statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of overweight increased from 10.9% to 15.5% and of obesity from 1.8%, to 4.9% during the observation period. A significant regional trend was found with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Eastern part of Austria (p <0.001). BMI was 22.12 ± 0.34 kg/m2 (mean ± SD) in 1985 and showed a significant increase (p <0.001) during the study period to 22.71 ± 0.25 kg/m2. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity increased remarkably in young males in Austria between the years 1985 and 2000. The steepest increase was found in the prevalence of obesity and in the Western part of Austria. A significant regional difference could be documented during the whole study period. © Freund Publishing House Ltd., London. KW - Male adolescents KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Regional variation KW - Secular trend KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - Austria KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - calculation KW - chi square test KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - epidemiological data KW - gender KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical documentation KW - obesity KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - Student t test KW - Adolescent KW - Austria KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPEMF C2 - 14960023 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schober, E.; University Children's Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A 1090 Vienna, Austria; email: Edith.Schober@akh-wien.ac.at N1 - References: Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The national health and nutrition examination surveys, 1960 to 1991 (1994) JAMA, 272, pp. 205-211; Sorensen, T.I.A., Price, R.A., Secular trends in body mass index among Danish young men (1990) Int. J. Obes., 14, pp. 411-419; Seidell, J.C., Verschuren, W.M., Kromhout, D., Prevalence and trends of obesity in The Netherlands 1987-1991 (1995) Int. J. Obes., 19, pp. 924-927; Tremblay, M.S., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Willms, J.D., Temporal trends in overweight and obesity in Canada 1981-1996 (2002) Int. J. Obes., 26, pp. 538-543; Kautiainen, S., Rimpelä, A., Vikat, A., Virtanen, S.M., Secular trends in overweight and obesity among Finnish adolescents in 1977-1999 (2002) Int. J. Obes., 26, pp. 544-552; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1094-1101; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N. Engl. J. Med., 337, pp. 869-873; Eiben, O.G., The Körnmend Growth Study: Secular growth changes in Hungary (1994) Humanbiol. Budapest, 25, pp. 205-219; Eposito-del Puente, A., Contaldo, F., DeFillippo, E., Scalfi, L., DiMaio, S., Franzese, A., Valerio, G., Rubino, A., High prevalence of overweight in a children population living in Naples (1996) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 20, pp. 283-286. , (Italy); Prebeg, Z., Juresa, V., Kujundzic, A., Secular growth changes in Zagreb schoolchildren over four decades 1951-1991 (1995) Ann. Hum. Biol., 22, pp. 99-110; Maffeis, C., Schutz, Y., Oiccoli, R., Gonfiantini, E., Pinelli, L., Prevalence of obesity in children in north-east Italy (1993) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 17, pp. 287-294; Kiefer, I., Kunze, U., Mitsche, N., Kunze, M., Übergewicht in Österreich: Epidemiologische und sozialmedizinische Aspekte (1998) Acta Med. Austriaca, 4-5, pp. 126-128; Godina-Zarfl, B., Elmadfa Ibody Mass Index (BMI) as an indicator of obesity in childhood and adolescents (1995) Akt. Ernähr. Med., 20, pp. 201-206; Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic (1997), WHO. Geneva: WHO, WHO/NUT/NCD/98.1; Bühl, A., Zöfel, P., (2000), SPSS Version 10.0. München: Addison Wesely; Lewis, C.E., Jacobs, D.R., McCreath, H., Kiefe, C.I., Schreiner, P.J., Smith, D.E., Williams, O.D., Weight gain continues in the 1990s: 10-year trends in weight and overweight from the CARDIA study (2000) Am. J. Epidemiol., 151, pp. 1172-1181; Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Wabitsch, M., Kunze, D., Geller, F., Geiß, H.C., Hesse, V., von Hippel, A., Hebebrand, J., Perzentile für den Body-mass-Index für das Kindes-und-Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben (2001) Monatsschr Kinderheilk, 149, pp. 807-818; Eichholzer, M., Lüthy, J., Gutzwiller, F., Epidemiologie des Übergewichts in der Schweiz. Resultate der Schweizerischen Gesundheitsbefragung 1992/1993 (1999) Schweiz Med Wochenschrift, 129, pp. 353-361; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., Hansen, H.O., Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995 (1999) Acta Paediatr., 88, pp. 431-437; He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Population-based body mass index reference values from Göteborg, Sweden: Birth to 18 years of age (2000) Acta Paediatr., 89, pp. 582-592; Livingstone, B., Epidemiology of childhood obesity in Europe (2000) Eur. J. Pediatr., 159 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S14-S34; Moreno, A., Sarria, A., Fleta, J., Rodriguez, G., Bueno, M., Trends in body mass index and overweight prevalence among children and adolescents in the region of Aragon (Spain) from 1985-1995 (2000) Int. J. Obes., 24, pp. 925-931; Srinivasan, S.R., Myers, L., Berenson, G.S., Rate of change in adiposity and its relationship to concomitant changes in cardiovascular risk variables among biracial (Black-White) children and young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2001) Metabolism, 50, pp. 299-305; Ludwig, D.S., Peterson, K.E., Gortmarker, St.L., Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: A prospective, observational analysis (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 505-508; Young, T.K., Dean, H.J., Flett, B., Wood-Steinman, P., Childhood obesity in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes (2000) J. Pediatr., 136, pp. 365-369; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology and demographics (1998) Pediatrics, 1001, pp. 497-504; Rissanen, A., Heliovarra, M., Aromaa, A., Overweight and anthropometric changes in adulthood: A prospective study of 17,000 Finns (1988) In. J. Obes., 41, pp. 552-559 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3142666183&partnerID=40&md5=7e460f1a95d1a6592b92d5e13afa0562 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early environment and child-to-adult growth trajectories in the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 80 IS - 1 SP - 185 EP - 192 PY - 2004 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Li, L. AU - Manor, O. AU - Power, C. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICH, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background: Genetics and environmental conditions early in life are known to influence height. However, evidence is restricted to studies conducted at a specific age, and thus the effect on the entire growth trajectory has been neglected. Objective: The objective was to determine when parental height and factors early in offspring life start to affect offspring height, when these variables have the strongest effect, and whether these variables persist to adulthood. Design: Longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort (all of whom were born during 1 wk in March 1958), including height measurements at 7, 11, 16, and 33 y of age, were analyzed by using multivariate multilevel response models. Results: Parental height, birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding, parental divorce, and socioeconomic factors were all significantly associated with childhood height, but their effects differed thereafter. Parental height and birth weight were most strongly associated with offspring height, and their effects persisted (adjusted increase in adult height: 2 cm for 1 SD of maternal or paternal height, or 1 kg of birth weight). Socioeconomic disadvantage (manual social class, large family size, and overcrowded households) was associated with substantial deficits of 2-3 cm (adjusted estimates) in height at 7 y. Catch-up growth was apparent but was insufficient to overcome the initial insult on growth; the adjusted deficit was as high as 1 cm in adulthood. Conclusions: Children from disadvantaged backgrounds have a delayed pattern of growth before the pubertal spurt, which is followed by catch-up growth. The health consequences of this pattern of growth need to be examined in future studies. © 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition. KW - Britain KW - Cohort study KW - Early environment KW - Growth trajectory KW - Height KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - data analysis KW - environment KW - family size KW - genetic analysis KW - human KW - social aspect KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - birth weight KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - divorce KW - female KW - genetics KW - growth KW - infant nutrition KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - multivariate analysis KW - newborn KW - physiology KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Divorce KW - Environment KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Infant Nutrition Physiology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :67 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 15213047 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Li, L.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICH, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: L.Li@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Waaler, H.T.H., Height, weight and mortality. The Norwegian experience (1984) Acta Med Scand, S679, pp. 1-56; Yarnell, J.W., Limb, E.S., Layzell, J.M., Baker, I.A., Height: A risk marker for ischaemic heart disease: prospective results from the Caerphilly and Speedwell Heart Disease Studies (1992) Eur Heart J, 13, pp. 1602-1605; Hebert, P.R., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Manson, J.E., Height and incidence of cardiovascular disease in male physicians (1993) Circulation, 88, pp. 1437-1443; Wannamethee, S.G., Shaper, A.G., Whincup, P.H., Walker, M., Adult height, stroke, and coronary heart disease (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 148, pp. 1069-1076; Rich-Edwards, J.W., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Height and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 909-917; Martin, R.M., Smith, G.D., Mangtani, P., Frankel, S., Gunnell, D., Association between breast feeding and growth: The Boyd-Orr cohort study (2002) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 87, pp. F193-201; Tanner, J.M., Goldstein, H., Whitehouse, R.H., Standards for children's height at ages 2-9 years allowing for heights of parents (1970) Arch Dis Child, 45, pp. 755-762; Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., Lahelma, E., Koskenvuo, M., Relative effect of genetic and environmental factors on body height: Differences across birth cohorts among Finnish men and women (2000) Am J Public Health, 90, pp. 627-630; Pietilainen, K.H., Kaprio, J., Rasanen, M., Rissanen, A., Rose, R.J., Genetic and environmental influences on the tracking of body size from birth to early adulthood (2002) Obes Res, 10, pp. 875-884; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children. Results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) Br Med J, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Binkin, N.J., Yip, R., Fleshood, L., Trowbridge, F.L., Birth weight and childhood growth (1988) Pediatrics, 82, pp. 828-834; Pietilainen, K.H., Kaprio, J., Rasanen, M., Winter, T., Rissanen, A., Rose, R.J., Tracking of body size from birth to late adolescence: Contributions of birth length, birth weight, duration of gestation, parents' body size, and twinship (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 154, pp. 21-29; Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 663-668; Pine, D.S., Cohen, P., Brook, J., Emotional problems during youth as predictors of stature during early adulthood: Results from a prospective epidemiologic study (1996) Pediatrics, 97, pp. 856-863; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.G., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 326-330; Luo, Z.C., Karlberg, J., Critical growth phases for adult shortness (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 125-131; Liu, Y., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Long-term consequences of early linear growth retardation (stunting) in Swedish children (2000) Pediatr Res, 47, pp. 475-480; Martorell, R., Khan, L.K., Schroeder, D.G., Reversibility of stunting: Epidemiological findings in children from developing countries (1994) Eur J Clin Nutr., 48 (SUPPL.), pp. S45-57; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , NewYork: Wiley & Sons Inc; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, B., (1990) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, , Cambridge, United Kingdom: CUP; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Birth weight and length as predictors for adult height (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 726-729; Teranishi, H., Nakagawa, H., Marmot, M., Social class difference in catch up growth in a national British cohort (2001) Arch Dis Child, 84, pp. 218-221; Saigal, S., Stoskopf, B.L., Streiner, D.L., Burrows, E., Physical growth and current health status of infants who were of extremely low birth weight and controls at adolescence (2001) Pediatrics, 108, pp. 407-415; Loos, R.J., Beunen, G., Fagard, R., Derom, C., Vlietinck, R., Birth weight and body composition in young women: A prospective twin study (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 75, pp. 676-682; Fried, P.A., O'Connell, C.M., A comparison of the effects of prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and caffeine on birth size and subsequent growth (1987) Neurotoxicol Teratol, 9, pp. 79-85; Day, N., Cornelius, M., Goldschmidt, L., Richardson, G., Robles, N., Taylor, P., The effects of prenatal tobacco and marijuana use on offspring growth from birth through 3 years of age (1992) Neurotoxicol Teratol, 14, pp. 407-414; Conter, V., Cortinovis, I., Rogari, P., Riva, L., Weight growth in infants born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 768-771; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) Br Med J, 4, pp. 573-575; Bobak, M., Kriz, B., Leon, D.A., Danova, J., Marmot, M., Socioeconomic factors and height of preschool children in the Czech Republic (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1167-1170; Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Hebel, J.R., Prenatal exposure to tobacco: I. Effects on physical growth at age three (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 66-71; Vik, T., Jacobsen, G., Vatten, L., Bakketeig, L.S., Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy (1996) Early Hum Dev, 45, pp. 245-255; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Gray, R., Grow th from birth to early adolescence in offspring prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marijuana (1999) Neurotoxicol Teratol, 21, pp. 513-525; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Ross, E.M., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: Its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality (1972) Br Med J, 2, pp. 127-130; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Breast feeding and child development at five years (1984) Dev Med Child Neurol, 26, pp. 73-80; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , London: Macmillan; Preece, M.A., Prepubertal and pubertal endocrinology (1985) Human Growth, , Falkner J, Tanner JM, eds. London: Plenum Press; Maclean, M., Households after divorce: The availability of resources and their impact on children (1987) Give and Take in Families. Studies in Resource Distribution, pp. 42-55. , Brannen J, Wilson G, eds. London: Allen and Unwin; Skuse, D., Albanese, A., Stanhope, R., Gilmour, J., Voss, L., A new stress-related syndrome of growth failure and hyperphagia in children, associated with reversibility of growth-hormone insufficiency (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 353-358; Gulliford, M.C., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Social environment and height: England and Scotland 1987 and 1988 (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 235-240; Spencer, N.J., Logan, S., The treatment of parental height as a biological factor in studies of birth weight and childhood growth (2002) Arch Dis Child, 87, pp. 184-187 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042704083&partnerID=40&md5=0f73d2d3180890e2ecdffeb8258f903a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birthweight and psychological distress in adult twins: A longitudinal study T2 - Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics J2 - Acta Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr. VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 965 EP - 968 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/08035250410026824 SN - 08035253 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, Y.B. AU - Ma, S. AU - Machin, D. AU - Karlberg, J. AD - Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore AD - Epidemiol. and Dis. Control Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore AD - Clinical Trials Centre, University of Hong Kong, China AD - Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore AB - Aim: To assess the relation between birthweight and psychological distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory in adult twins. Methods: Data were drawn from the 1958 British birth cohort study, which included twins followed from birth to age 42 y. We examined the relation between birthweight and psychological distress at ages 23, 33 and 42 y measured by the psychological scale of the Malaise Inventory. Analyses were performed both between subjects (n = 282) and within twin pairs (n = 112). The generalized estimating equations approach was used to handle the repeated measurements. Results: Between the 282 twins, the difference in psychological distress score was -0.45 (95% confidence interval -0.74 to -0.15) per Z-score increase in birthweight- for-gestational age. Within twin pairs, the heavier co-twins tended to have a psychological distress score lower than that of their lighter co-twins, the mean difference being -0.35 (-0.78 to 0.09). Conclusion: Results from the between-subject analysis agreed with previous findings from adult singletons that psychological health is related to birthweight. The within-pair analysis suggested a similar relation but did not attain statistical significance. KW - Birthweight KW - Foetal growth KW - Psychological health KW - Twins KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - correlation analysis KW - distress syndrome KW - female KW - follow up KW - gestational age KW - human KW - information processing KW - male KW - measurement KW - mental stress KW - newborn KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - statistical significance KW - twins KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Regression (Psychology) KW - Regression Analysis KW - Sex Factors KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Time Factors KW - Twins N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APAEE C2 - 15303814 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.B.; Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore; email: ctecyb@nccs.com.sg N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Clark, P.M., Programming of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis (1998) Eur J Pediatr, 157 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S7-10; Welberg, L.A., Seckl, J.R., Holmes, M.C., Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the foeto-placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids, permanently programs amygdala GR mRNA expression and anxiety-like behaviour in the offspring (2000) Eur J Neurosci, 12, pp. 1047-1054; Welberg, L.A., Seckl, J.R., Holmes, M.C., Prenatal glucocorticoid programming of brain corticosteriod receptors and corticotrophin-releasing hormone: Possible implications for behaviour (2001) Neuroscience, 104, pp. 71-79; Nilsson, P.M., Nyberg, P., Ostergren, P.O., Increased susceptibility to stress at a psychological assessment of stress tolerance is associated with impaired fetal growth (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 75-80; Phillips, D.I., Walker, B.R., Reynolds, R.M., Flanagan, D.E., Wood, P.J., Osmond, C., Low birthweight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations (2000) Hypertension, 35, pp. 1301-1306; Fernald, L.C., Grantham-McGregor, S.M., Stress response in schoolage children who have been growth retarded since early childhood (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68, pp. 394-405; Kagan, J.J., Reznick, S., Snidman, N., Biological bases of childhood shyness (1988) Science, 240, pp. 167-171; Cheung, Y.B., Khoo, K.S., Karlberg, J., Machin, D., Association between physiological symptoms in adults and growth in early life: Longitudinal follow-up study (2002) Br Med J, 325, pp. 749-751; Cheung, Y.B., Early origins and adult correlates of psychosomatic distress (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 937-948; Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: Ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (1999) Br Med J, 318, pp. 897-900; Doyle, D., Leon, D., Morton, S., De Stavola, B., Twins and the fetal origins hypothesis. Patterns of growth retardation differ in twins and singletons (1999) Br Med J, 319, p. 517; Phillips, D.I.W., Osmond, C., Twins and the fetal origins hypothesis. Many variables differ between twins and singleton infants (1999) Br Med J, 319, p. 517; Owen, P., Patel, N.B., Epidemiology of multiple pregnancy (1995) Multiple Pregnancy, pp. 1-11. , Ward RH, Whittle M, editors. London: RCOG Press; Dwyer, T., Blizzard, L., Morley, R., Ponsonby, A.L., Within pair association between birth weight and blood pressure at age 8 in twins from a cohort study (1999) Br Med J, 319, pp. 1325-1329; Kaprio, J., Fetal growth retardation in twins (1999) Electronic British Medical Journal, , http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/319/7208/517#EL1; Foley, D.L., Neale, M.C., Kendler, K.S., Does intra-uterine growth discordance predict differential risk for adult psychiatric disorder in a population-based sample of monozygotic twins? (2000) Psychiatr Genet, 10, pp. 1-8; Wichers, M.C., Purcell, S., Danckaerts, M., Derom, C., Derom, R., Vlietinck, R., Van Os, J., Prenatal life and post-natal psychopathology: Evidence for negative gene-birth weight interaction (2002) Psy Med, 32, pp. 1165-1174; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman & Hall; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; Fayers, P.M., Machin, D., (2000) Quality of Life: Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation, pp. 215-216. , Chichester: Wiley; Rooney, R., Hay, D., Levy, F., Small for gestational age as a predictor of behavioral and learning problems in twins (2003) Twin Res, 6, pp. 46-54; Pryor, J.E., Thompson, J.M., Robinson, E., Clark, P.M., Becroft, D.M., Pattison, N.S., Calvish, N., Mitchell, E.A., Stress and lack of social support as risk factors for small-for-gestational-age birth (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 62-64; Fairclough, D.L., (2002) Design and Analysis of Quality of Life Studies in Clinical Trials, , Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall; Vlietinck, R., Drom, R., Neale, M.C., Maes, H., Van Loon, H., Derom, C., Thiery, M., Genetic and environmental variation in the birth weight of twins (1989) Behav Genet, 19, pp. 151-161; Van Os, J., Wichers, M., Danckaerts, M., Van Gestel, S., Derom, C., Vlietinck, R., A prospective twin study of birth weight discordance and child problem behavior (2001) Biological Psychi, 50, pp. 593-599 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042611653&doi=10.1080%2f08035250410026824&partnerID=40&md5=c19a42e95f793b311a36bae96bd88243 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Researching family and social mobility with two eyes: Some experiences of the interaction between qualitative and quantitative data T2 - International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice J2 - Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol.: Theory Pract. VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 237 EP - 257 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/1364557021000024785 SN - 13645579 (ISSN) AU - Thompson, P. AD - Department of Sociology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AB - Drawing on my own research experience, I argue in this paper for the advantages of a middle way in research which brings together the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative methods. This avoids the all too common tendencies in contemporary sociology to argue either from a very small number of individual biographies, or from sets of statistics not supported by in-depth research: research using one eye rather than two. This middle way has long been a familiar approach among historians, and also with a number of distinguished pioneer social researchers - including here Raymond T. Smith, Janet Finch and Peter Townsend - with whom I have recently recorded life story interviews. I also reflect on my own experience of some of the practical difficulties of using life stories drawn from large-scale samples and linked to quantitative studies, and in particular a recent study of stepfamilies based on the National Child Development Study cohort, I conclude that the philosophy of research needs to be changed, so that instead of a hard method and a soft method keeping their distance from each other except at the initial or concluding stages of research, the expectation should become a zigzag of mutual exploration: a sociology using both eyes to the full. N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Thompson, P.; Department of Sociology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Abbott, P., Sapaford, R., (1987) Women and Social Class, , London: Tavistock; Bertaux, D., (1977) Destins Personnels et Structure de Classe, , Paris: pnf; Bertaux, D., From methodological monopoly to pluralism in the sociology of social mobility (1991) Life and Work History Analyses: Qualitative and Quantitative Developments, p. 37. , S. Dex (ed.), Sociological Review Monograph series (London: Routledge); Bertaux, D., Thompson, P., (1997) Pathways to Social Class, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: Wiley; Brown, G., (2001) Qualidata, , Interviewed by Paul Thompson, University of Essex; Brown, G., Harris, T., (1978) The Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , London: Tavistock; Chamberlayne, P., Bornat, J., Wengraf, T., (2000) The Turn to Biographical Methods in the Social Sciences: Comparative Issues and Examples, , London: Routledge; Clausen, J., (1993) American Lives: Looking Back at the Children of the Great Depression, , New York: Free Press; Dex, S., (1987) Women's Occupational Mobility: A Lifetime Perspective, , London: Macmillan; Elder Jr., G., (1974) Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press): 25 th Anniversary Edition, 1999 (Boulder: Westview Press); Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1992) The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Finch, J., (1983) Married to the Job, , London: Allen and Unwin; Finch, J., The vignette technique in survey research (1986) Sociology, 21, pp. 105-114; Finch, J., (1990) Family Obligations and Social Change, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Finch, J., (2001) Qualidata, , Interviewed by Paul Thompson, University of Essex; Finch, J., Mason, J., (1993) Negotiating Family Responsibilities, , London: Routledge; Fischer-Rosenthal, W., Rosenthal, G., Daniel Bertaux's complaints or against false dichotomies in biographical research (1997) Biography and Society, pp. 5-10; Gittins, D., (1982) Fair Sex: Family Size and Social Structure, 1900-39, , London: Hutchinson; Goldthorpe, J.H., Women and class analysis: In defence of the conventional view (1983) Sociology, 17, pp. 465-488; Gorell Barnes, G., Thompson, P., Daniel, G., Burchardt, N., (1997) Growing up in Stepfamilies, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Marshall, G., Newby, H., Rose, D., Vogler, C., (1988) Social Class in Modern Britain, , London: Hutchinson; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Roberts, S., (1998) Against the Odds? Social Class and Social Justice in Industrial Societies, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ringen, S., Review of Marshall, Swift and Roberts (1998) Times Literary Supplement, , 23 January; Rodgers, B., Power, C., Hope, S., Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort: A research note (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 867-872; Rosenthal, G., German war memories, narrability: And the biographical and social functions of remembering (1991) Oral History, 19, pp. 34-41; Smith, R.T., (1988) Kinship and Class in the West Indies, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Smith, R.T., (2001) Qualidata, , Interviewed by Paul Thompson, University of Essex; Taylor, A., Sample characteristics, attrition and weighting (1994) Changing Households: The British Household Panel Survey, 1990-1992, pp. 291-311. , N. Buck, J. Gershuny, D. Rose, J. Scott (eds) (Colchester: ESRC Research Cenre on Micro-social Change); Thompson, P., (1975) The Edwardians: The Remaking of British Society, , (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson), 3 rd edition, 1992 (London: Routledge); Thompson, P., Playing at being skilled men: Factory culture and pride in work skills among Coventry car workers (1988) Social History, 13, pp. 45-69; Thompson, P., Women, men, and transgenerational family influences in social mobility (1997) Pathways to Social Class, pp. 32-59. , D. Bertaux and P. Thompson (eds) (Oxford: Clarendon Press); Townsend, P., (1957) The Family Life of Old People, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Townsend, P., (1962) The Last Refuge: A Survey of Residential Institutions and Homes, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Townsend, P., (1997) Qualidata, , Interviewed by Paul Thompson, University of Essex UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042559673&doi=10.1080%2f1364557021000024785&partnerID=40&md5=8b42b53fc0527dca4380238c61ece722 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic adversity, educational resilience, and subsequent levels of adult adaptation T2 - Journal of Adolescent Research J2 - J. Adolesc. Res. VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 383 EP - 404 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1177/0743558403258856 SN - 07435584 (ISSN) AU - Schoon, I. AU - Parsons, S. AU - Sacker, A. AD - City University, London, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom AD - University College London, Medical School, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, City University, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology, University College London, United Kingdom AB - The aim of this article is to determine the extent to which individual, family, and contextual resources influence the school adjustment of 16-year-old teenagers and to investigate their consequent adult attainments at age 33. Adopting a longitudinal perspective, the experiences of more than 9,000 socially advantaged and disadvantaged young people are compared. The study shows that socioeconomic adversity is a significant risk factor for educational failure and that it influences consequent adjustment in work and health-related outcomes. Various social-psychological factors can counterbalance such adversity. In particular, parental educational aspirations for their child are significantly associated with educational resilience among less privileged individuals. The study confirms the long-term stability of secondary school adjustment. It is concluded that the factors and processes that modify the impact of adversity are context specific and that their influences have to be studied in the context in which they operate. KW - Educational resilience KW - Long-term stability KW - Protective factors KW - Social risk N1 - Cited By :56 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; Department of Psychology, City University, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Alexander, K., Entwistle, D., Thompson, M., School performance, status relations, and the structure of sentiment: Bringing the teacher back in (1987) American Sociological Review, 52, pp. 665-683; Arbuckle, J.C., (1999) AMOS for Windows: Analysis of Moment Structures (Version 4.01) [Computer Software], , Chicago: SmallWaters Corporation; Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J.C., (1977) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture (2nd Ed.), , London: Sage; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., The effects of poverty on children (1997) The Future of Children, 7, pp. 44-71; Brophy, J.E., Good, T., (1974) Teacher-student Relationships: Causes and Consequences, , New York: Holt, Rinehart& Winston; Byrne, B.M., (2001) Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS, , Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Cairns, R.B., Bairns, B.D., Neckerman, H.J., Early school dropout: Configurations and determinants (1989) Child Development, 60, pp. 1437-1452; Carlson, E.A., Sroufe, L.A., Collins, W.A., Jimerson, S., Weinfield, N., Henninghausen, K., Early environmental support and elementary school adjustment as predictors of school adjustment in middle adolescence (1999) Journal of Adolescent Research, 14, pp. 72-94; Clausen, J.A., (1993) American Lives, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Coie, J.D., Watt, N.F., West, S.G., Hawkins, D., Asarnow, J.R., Markman, H.J., The science of prevention (1993) American Psychologist, 48, pp. 1013-1022; Coleman, J.S., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (SUPPL.), pp. 95-120; Compas, B.E., Hinden, B.R., Gerhardt, C.A., Adolescent development: Pathways and processes of risk and resilience (1995) Annual Review of Psychology, 46, pp. 265-293; Cooper, H., Pygmalion grows up: A model for teacher expectations, communication and performance influence (1979) Review of Educational Research, 49, pp. 389-410; Cowen, E.L., Wyman, P.A., Work, W.C., Kim, J.Y., Fagan, D.B., Magnus, K.B., Follow-up study of young stress-affected & stress-resilient urban children (1997) Development and Psychopathology, 9, pp. 564-577; DiMaggio, P., Cultural capital and school success: The impact of status culture participation on the grades of U.S. high school students (1982) American Sociological Review, 47, pp. 189-201; Dolliver, R.H., Strong vocational interest blank versus expressed vocational interests: A review (1969) Psychological Bulletin, 72, pp. 95-107; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, , New York: Russell Sage; Eccles, J., Harold, R., Parent-school involvement during the early adolescent years (1993) Teachers College Record, 94, pp. 568-587; Eccles, J., Wigfield, A., Teacher expectations and student motivation (1985) Teacher Expectancies, pp. 185-220. , J. B. Dusek (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Egeland, B., Carlson, E., Sroufe, L.A., Resilience as process (1993) Development and Psychopathology, 5, pp. 517-528; Elder Jr., G.H., Achievement motivation and intelligence in occupational mobility: A longitudinal analysis (1968) Sociometry, 31, pp. 327-354; Elder Jr., G.H., The life course as developmental theory (1998) Child Development, 69, pp. 1-12; Elder Jr., G.H., (1999) Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience (25th Anniversary Ed.), , Boulder, CO: Westview; Felner, R.D., Brand, S., DuBois, D.L., Adam, A.M., Mulhall, P.F., Evans, E.G., Socioeconomic disadvantage, proximal environmental experiences, and socioemotional and academic adjustment in early adolescence: Investigation of a mediated effects model (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 774-792; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lawton, J.M., Vulnerability to childhood problems and family social background (1990) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, pp. 1145-1160; Heckhausen, J., Developmental regulation across the life span: An action-phase model of engagement and disengagement with developmental goals (2000) Motivational Psychology and Human Development: Developing Motivation and Motivating Development, pp. 213-231. , J. Heckhausen (Ed.), Amsterdam: Elsevier; Henderson, V.L., Dweck, C.S., Motivation and achievement (1990) At the Threshold: The Developing Adolescent, pp. 308-329. , S. S. Feldman & G. R. Elliott (Eds.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Heyns, B., Social selection and stratification within school (1974) American Journal of Sociology, 79, pp. 1434-1451; Holland, J.L., Gottfredson, G.D., Baker, H.G., Validity of vocational aspirations and interest inventories: Extended, replicated, and reinterpreted (1990) Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, pp. 337-342; Huston, A.C., McLoyd, V.C., Coll, C.G., Children and poverty: Issues in contemporary research (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 275-282; Kaplan, H.B., Toward an understanding of resilience: A critical review of definitions and models (1999) Resilience and Development: Positive Life Adaptations, pp. 17-83. , M. D. Gantz & J. R. Johnson (Eds.), New York: Plenum; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1993) Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections, , UK: Cambridge University Press; Lee, V., Croninger, R., The relative importance of home and school in the development of literacy skills for middle-grade students (1994) American Journal of Education, 102, pp. 286-329; Lerner, R.M., (1984) On the Nature of Human Plasticity, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Loehlin, J.C., (1998) Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis (3rd Ed.), , Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Luthar, S.S., Cicchetti, D., Becker, B., The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 543-562; Luthar, S.S., Zigler, E., Vulnerability and competence: A review of research on resilience in childhood (1991) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, pp. 6-22; MacLeod, J., Shanahan, M., Poverty, parenting, and children's mental health (1993) American Sociological Review, 58, pp. 351-366; Marsh, C., Social class and occupation (1986) Key Variables in Social Investigation, pp. 123-152. , R. Burgess (Ed.), London: Routledge; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Roberts, S., (1997) Against the Odds? Social Class and Social Justice in Industrial Societies, , Oxford, UK: Clarendon; Masten, A.S., Best, K.M., Garmezy, N., Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity (1990) Development and Psychopathology, 2, pp. 425-444; Masten, A.S., Coatsworth, J.D., The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments (1998) American Psychologist, 53, pp. 205-220; Masten, A.S., Hubbard, J.J., Gest, S.D., Tellegen, A., Garmezy, N., Ramirez, M., Adaptation in the context of adversity: Pathways to resilience and maladaptation from childhood to late adolescence (1999) Development and Psychopathology, 11, pp. 143-169; McCulloch, A., Wiggins, R.D., Joshi, H.E., Sachdev, D., Internalising and externalising children's behaviour problems in Britain and the US: Relationships to family resources (2000) Children & Society, 14, pp. 368-383; McLoyd, V.C., Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development (1998) American Psychologist, 53, pp. 185-204; Nurmi, J.-E., Adolescent development in an age-graded context: The role of personal beliefs, goals, and strategies in the tackling of developmental tasks and standards (1993) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16, pp. 169-189; (1990) Standard Classification of Occupations (SOC), , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Osborn, A.F., Resilient children: A longitudinal study of high achieving socially disadvantaged children (1990) Early Child Development and Care, 62, pp. 23-47; Parsons, J.E., Kaczala, C.M., Meece, J.I., Socialization of achievement attitudes and beliefs: Classroom influences (1982) Child Development, 53, pp. 322-339; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape from Disadvantage, , London: Falmer; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Health, well-being, and coping styles (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations, pp. 41-54. , D. P. Keating & C. Hertzman (Eds.), New York: Guilford; Pungello, E.P., Kupersmidt, J.B., Burchinal, M.R., Patterson, C.J., Environmental risk factors and children's achievement from middle childhood to early adolescence (1996) Developmental Psychology, 32, pp. 755-767; Reynolds, A.J., Wahlberg, H.J., A structural model of science achievement (1991) Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, pp. 97-107; Roberts, K., Schools, parents and social class (1980) Linking Home and School 3rd Ed., pp. 41-55. , M. Craft, J. Raynor, & L. Cohen (Eds.), London: Harper & Row; Rutter, M., Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage (1979) Primary Prevention in Psychopathology, 3, pp. 49-74. , M. W. Kent & J. E. Rolf (Eds.), Hanover, NH: University Press of New England; Rutter, M., Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms (1990) Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology, pp. 181-214. , J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. H. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), UK: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., Ouston, J., (1979) Fifteen Thousand Hours: Secondary Schools and Their Effects on Children, , London: Open Books; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longmans; Sameroff, A.J., Developmental systems: Contexts and evolution (1983) Handbook of Child Psychology: History, Theory and Methods, 1, pp. 237-294. , W. Kessen (Ed.), P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.), New York: John Wiley; Sameroff, A.J., Seifer, R., Baldwin, A., Baldwin, C., Stability of intelligence from preschool to adolescence: The influence of social and family risk factors (1993) Child Development, 64, pp. 80-97; Schneider, B., Stevenson, D., (1999) The Ambitious Generation: America's Teenagers Motivated but Directionless, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence of context, timing and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to early adulthood (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504; Schoon, I., Parsons, S., Teenage aspirations for future careers and occupational out-comes (2002) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, pp. 263-288; Schulenberg, J., Vondracek, F.W., Crouter, A.C., The influence of the family on vocational development (1984) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 10, pp. 129-143; Sewell, W.H., Shah, V.P., Social class, parental encouragement, and educational aspirations (1968) American Journal of Sociology, 73, pp. 559-572; Shanahan, M.J., Mortimer, J.T., Krüger, H., Adolescence and adult work in the twenty-first century (2002) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, pp. 99-120; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-188. , E. Ferri (Ed.), London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , Working Paper No. 1 London: City University, Social Statistics Research Unit; Spring, J., (1976) The Sorting Machine, , New York: David McKay; Steinberg, L.A., (1996) Beyond the Classroom: Why School Reform Has Failed and What Parents Need to Do, , New York: Simon & Schuster; Steinberg, L.A., Elmen, J., Mounts, N., Authoritative parenting, psychosocial maturity, and academic success among adolescents (1989) Child Development, 60, pp. 1424-1436; Waters, E., Sroufe, L.A., Social competence as a developmental construct (1983) Developmental Review, 3, pp. 79-97; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1982) Vulnerable but Invincible: A Longitudinal Study of Resilient Children and Youth, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1992) Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Wilson, P.M., Wilson, J.R., Environmental influences on adolescent educational aspirations (1992) Youth & Society, 24, pp. 52-70 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042529228&doi=10.1177%2f0743558403258856&partnerID=40&md5=b19e1f8360a5a1b317579cf3d1085880 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incidence of retinoblastoma from 1958 to 1998 in Northern Europe: Advantages of birth cohort analysis T2 - Ophthalmology J2 - Ophthalmology VL - 111 IS - 6 SP - 1228 EP - 1232 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.10.023 SN - 01616420 (ISSN) AU - Seregard, S. AU - Lundell, G. AU - Svedberg, H. AU - Kivelä, T. AD - Ophthal. Pathol. and Oncol. Service, St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Oncol. and Pediat. Ophthalmol. Serv., Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PL 220, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland AB - Purpose To assess change in incidence of retinoblastoma in Northern Europe and to compare commonly used methods for calculating its incidence against birth cohort analysis. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants Individual and pooled data of 291 Swedish and 174 Finnish children diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 1958 and 1998. Main outcome measures Incidence per 1 million children younger than 5 years of age (37 812 035 person- years at risk) and per 100 000 live births (7 152 265 live-born children at risk). Methods Data were from Swedish and Finnish Cancer Registries and corresponding national referral centers for retinoblastoma. Incidence was calculated both by standard analysis per children younger than 5 years of age and per live births, and by birth cohort analysis. Curves were smoothed with robust, locally weighted regression. Linear regression was used to fit pooled data. Results The number of new retinoblastoma cases per year ranged from 0 to 13 (1-13 per birth cohort) in Sweden and from 0 to 10 in Finland (1-9 per birth cohort). The mean incidence was 11.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.5-13.1) and 11.2 (95% CI, 9.4-13.0) per 1 million children younger than 5 years of age in Sweden and Finland, respectively, and 6.7 (95% CI, 5.9-7.5) and 6.2 (95% CI, 5.3-7.2) per 100 000 live births, respectively. Analysis based on year of diagnosis suggested moderate increase in incidence since 1990, but by birth cohort analysis, incidence rates were stable for both countries. The pooled incidence by birth cohort was 6.0 (95% CI, 5.4-6.6) per 100 000 live births, corresponding to 1 in 16 642 (95% CI, 15 105-18 528) live births. Conclusions The data suggest that the incidence of retinoblastoma is stable in Northern Europe. Analysis based on birth cohort is recommended for future epidemiologic studies, because it minimizes the effect of variable age at diagnosis of this developmental cancer and results in less variable incidence rates than standard analysis based on year of diagnosis. © 2004 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - cancer epidemiology KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer registry KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - human KW - information retrieval KW - linear regression analysis KW - major clinical study KW - medical assessment KW - medical record KW - priority journal KW - retinoblastoma KW - risk assessment KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Effect KW - Cohort Studies KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Registries KW - Retinal Neoplasms KW - Retinoblastoma KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :54 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: OPHTD C2 - 15177976 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kivelä, T.; Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PL 220, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland; email: tero.kivela@helsinki.fi N1 - References: Classon, M., Harlow, E., The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor in development and cancer (2002) Nat Rev Cancer, 2, pp. 910-917; Smith, B.J., O'Brien, J.M., The genetics of retinoblastoma and current diagnostic testing (1996) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 33, pp. 120-123; Bunin, G.R., Emanuel, B.S., Meadows, A.T., Frequency of 13q abnormalities among 203 patients with retinoblastoma (1989) J Natl Cancer Inst, 81, pp. 370-374; Kivelä, T., Trilateral retinoblastoma: A meta-analysis of hereditary retinoblastoma associated with primary ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma (1999) J Clin Oncol, 17, pp. 1829-1837; Moll, A.C., Imhof, S.M., Bouter, L.M., Tan, K.E., Second primary tumors in patients with retinoblastoma. A review of the literature (1997) Ophthalmic Genet, 18, pp. 27-34; Blach, L.E., McCormick, B., Abramson, D.H., Ellsworth, R.M., Trilateral retinoblastoma - Incidence and outcome: A decade of experience (1994) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 29, pp. 729-733; Moll, A.C., Imhof, S.M., Bouter, L.M., Second primary tumors in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma: A register-based follow-up study, 1945-1994 (1996) Int J Cancer, 67, pp. 515-519; Cleveland, W.S., Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots (1979) J Am Stat Assoc, 74, pp. 829-836; Fox, J., (1997) Applied Regression Analysis, Linear Models, and Related Methods, , Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; Tarkkanen, A., Tuovinen, E., Retinoblastoma in Finland 1912-1964 (1971) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), 49, pp. 293-300; Sanders, B.M., Draper, G.J., Kingston, J.E., Retinoblastoma in Great Britain 1969-80: Incidence, treatment, and survival (1988) Br J Ophthalmol, 72, pp. 576-583; Takano, J., Akiyama, K., Imamura, N., Incidence of retinoblastoma in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan (1991) Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet, 12, pp. 139-144; Pendergrass, T.W., Davis, S., Incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States (1980) Arch Ophthalmol, 98, pp. 1204-1210; Devesa, S.S., The incidence of retinoblastoma (1975) Am J Ophthalmol, 80, pp. 263-265; Tamboli, A., Podgor, M.J., Horm, J.W., The incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States: 1974 through 1985 (1990) Arch Ophthalmol, 108, pp. 128-132; Kock, E., Naeser, P., Retinoblastoma in Sweden 1958-1971. A clinical and histopathological study (1979) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), 57, pp. 344-350; Moll, A.C., Kuik, D.J., Bouter, L.M., Incidence and survival of retinoblastoma in the Netherlands: A register based study 1862-1995 (1997) Br J Ophthalmol, 81, pp. 559-562; Benezra, D., Chirambo, M.C., Incidence of retinoblastoma in Malawi (1976) J Pediatr Ophthalmol, 13, pp. 340-343 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942607460&doi=10.1016%2fj.ophtha.2003.10.023&partnerID=40&md5=f0c897bc4a8568c370757fcb31009f42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mobility in pupils' cognitive attainment during school life T2 - Oxford Review of Economic Policy J2 - Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 213 EP - 229 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/oxrep/grh012 SN - 0266903X (ISSN) AU - Feinstein, L. AD - Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom AB - This paper considers the extent of mobility in pupils' attainment relative to peers as they move through school. Considerable shifts in position are demonstrated using data from the 1958 and 1970 UK birth cohorts and from the National Pupil Database for 2002. These shifts in attainment in primary and secondary school are shown to relate strongly to social class, demonstrating that the large social-class attainment gap in the UK is not a one-off effect prior to school entry but a compounding effect throughout school life. These changes in relative attainment during school are also shown to relate strongly to adult economic outcomes. These results suggest that although there are good arguments in support of an increase in pre-school expenditures, equality of opportunity also requires enhanced investments for the worst-off throughout school. © Oxford University Press and the Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited 2004; all rights reserved. KW - class KW - cognition KW - educational attainment KW - mobility KW - socioeconomic conditions KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Bloom, B., (1964) Stability and Change in Human Characteristics, , New York, John Wiley; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Maritato, N., Poor families, poor outcomes: The well-being of children and youth (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, , G. J. Duncan and J. Brooks-Gunn (eds), New York, Russell Sage; Bynner, J., Childhood risks and protective factors in social exclusion (2001) Children and Society, 15, pp. 285-301; (2002) Education and Skills - Delivering the Results: A Strategy to 2006, , DfES London, Department for Education and Skills; (2002) 14-19 Opportunity and Excellence, , DfES London, Department for Education and Skills; (2003) Statistics of Education: Pupil Progress By Pupil Characteristics: 2002, , DfES London, Department for Education and Skills; (2004) 14-19 Reform: Interim Report, , DfES London, Department for Education and Skills; Dweck, C.S., Elliott, E.S., Achievement motivation (1983) Handbook of Child Psychology, 4, pp. 643-691. , P. H. Mussen (ed.), 3rd edn, New York, Wiley; Feinstein, L., The early years are important but they are not all: The need for a developmental perspective on equality of opportunity (2003) New Economy, 10 (4), pp. 213-218; Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70 (277), pp. 73-98; Feinstein, L., Bynner, J., The importance of developmental trajectories in mid-childhood: Effects on adult outcomes in the UK 1970 birth cohort Child Development, , Forthcoming; Glass, N., Sure start: The development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom (1999) Children and Society, 13, pp. 257-264; Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J., More work in fewer households (1996) New Inequalities: The Changing Distribution of Income and Wealth in the UK, , J. Hills (ed.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Hanushek, E.A., Kain, J.F., Rivkin, S.G., (1998) Teachers, Schools and Academic Achievement, , NBER Working Paper W6691; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., The determinants of children's attainments: A review of methods and findings (1995) Journal of Economic Literature, 33, pp. 1829-1878; Kagan, J., (1998) Three Seductive Ideas, , Cambridge, MA, Cambridge University Press; Karoly, L.A., Greenwood, P.W., Everingham, S.S., Houbé, J., Kilburn, M.R., Rydell, C.P., Sanders, M., Chiesa, J., (1998) Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Don't Know About the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions, , Santa Monica, CA, RAND; McVicker Hunt, J., (1961) Intelligence and Experience, , New York, The Ronald Press; Pollard, A., Triggs, P., (2000) What Teachers Do: Changing Policy and Practice in Primary Education, , London, Continuum; Ramey, C., Ramey, S., Persistent effects of early childhood education on high risk children and their mothers (2000) Applied Developmental Science, 4 (1); Rutter, M., Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms (1990) Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology, , J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. H. Nuechterlein, and S. Weintraub (eds), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Nature nurture integration: The example of anti-social behaviour (1997) American Psychologist, 52, pp. 390-398; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence, timing and duration of risk experiences for the passage of childhood to midadulthood (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504; Schweinhart, L.J., Barnes, H.V., Weikart, D.P., Significant benefits: The high/scope Perry preschool study through age 27 (1993) Monographs of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, (10); Seifer, R., Sameroff, A.J., Baldwin, C.P., Baldwin, A., Child and family factors that ameliorate risk between 4 and 13 years of age (1992) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, pp. 893-903; Silberg, J., Rutter, M., Neale, M., Eaves, L., Genetic moderation of environmental risk for depression and anxiety in adolescent girls (2002) British Journal of Psychiatry, (SPEC. ISSUE); Wachs, T.D., (2000) Necessary But Not Sufficient, , Washington, DC, American Psychological Association; Wilson, R.S., The Louisville twin study: Developmental synchronies in behaviour (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 298-316 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242879883&doi=10.1093%2foxrep%2fgrh012&partnerID=40&md5=5c0ef1b674759aa67dd5af9d0f774f3e ER - TY - JOUR TI - An investigation into using national longitudinal studies to examine trends in educational attainment and development T2 - Educational Research J2 - Educ. Res. VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 119 EP - 136 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/0013188042000222412 SN - 00131881 (ISSN) AU - McNiece, R. AU - Bidgood, P. AU - Soan, P. AD - Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom AD - School of Mathematics, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom AB - Longitudinal studies can provide individual histories of educational attainment and are becoming widely used in educational research. Two national longitudinal studies, the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the British Cohort Study of 1970 (BCS70), are used here to investigate changing trends in the educational attainment of children in the UK over time. Multilevel modelling is used to examine variation between different social groups in attainment in mathematics and reading and to examine educational progress during secondary education; the results of these analyses are compared for the two different cohorts. In both cohorts, the main source of variation in achievement is due to differences in social background; differences between regions and local education authorities are found to be negligible. Changes in the mathematics and reading attainment of the different social groups between the cohorts reflect recognized trends in educational attainment and highlight some trends not previously reported. KW - Educational attainment KW - Ethnicity KW - Gender KW - Longitudinal studies (NCDS, BCS70) KW - Multilevel modelling KW - Social class N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McNiece, R.; School of Mathematics, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom; email: r.mcniece@kingston.ac.uk N1 - References: Blatchford, P., Burke, J., Farquhar, C., Plewis, I., Tizard, B., Educational achievement in the infant school: The influence of ethnic origin, gender and home on entry skills (1985) Educational Research, 27 (1), pp. 52-60; Brandsma, H.P., Knuver, J.W.M., Effects of school and classroom characteristics on pupil progress in language and arithmetic (1989) International Journal of Educational Research, 13 (7), pp. 777-778; Dale, A., Davies, R., (1994) Analysing Social and Political Change: A Casebook of Methods, , London, Sage; Davie, R., Behaviour and adjustment in school of seven year olds: Sex and social class differences (1973) Early Child Care and Development, 2 (1), pp. 39-47; (1977) Education in Schools, , (White Paper) London, HMSO; (1983) Curriculum 11-16: Towards a Statement of Entitlement Curriculum Reappraisal, , London, HMSO; (1985) Better Schools, , London, HMSO; Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., (2000) 1970 British Cohort Study Twenty-six-year Follow-up. Guide to Data Available at the ESRC Data Archive, , London, SSRU, City University; Drew, D., Gray, J., The fifth year examinations achievements of black young people in England and Wales (1990) Educational Research, 32 (2), pp. 107-117; Epstein, D., Elwood, J., Hey, V., Maw, J., (1998) Failing Boys? Issues in Gender and Underachievement, , Buckingham, Open University Press; Fogelman, K., (1976) Britain's Sixteen-year-olds, , London, National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K., Assessment of examination performance in different types of schools (1984) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 147 (4), pp. 569-581; Gillborn, D., Drew, D., Race, class and school effects (1992) New Community, 18 (4), pp. 551-565; Gillborn, D., Mirza, H., (2000) Educational Inequality: Mapping Race, Class and Gender. A Synthesis of Research Evidence, , London, OFSTED; Goldstein, H., Some models for analyzing longitudinal data on educational attainment (1979) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 142 (4), pp. 407-442; Goldstein, H., Efficient statistical modelling of longitudinal data (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13 (2), pp. 129-141; Goldstein, H., (1987) Multilevel Models in Educational and Social Research, , London, Griffin; Goldstein, H., Healy, M., Rasbash, J., Multilevel time series models with applications to repeated measures data (1994) Statistics in Medicine, 13, pp. 1643-1655; Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J., Yang, M., Woodhouse, G., Pan, H., Nuttall, D., Thomas, S., A multilevel analysis of school examination results (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (4), pp. 425-433; Goodman, A., Butler, N., (1999) BCS70 - The 1970 British Cohort Study: The Sixteen-year Follow-up. A Guide to the BCS70 16-year Data Available at the ESRC Data Archive, , London, SSRU, City University; Gray, J., Goldstein, H., Thomas, S., Predicting the future: The role of past performance in determining trends in institutional effectiveness at A-level (2001) British Educational Research Journal, 27 (4), pp. 391-405; Hand, D., Crowder, M., (1996) Practical Longitudinal Data Analysis, , London, Chapman & Hall; Haque, Z., Bell, J.F., Evaluating the performances of minority ethnic pupils in secondary schools (2001) Oxford Review of Education, 27 (3), pp. 357-368; McNiece, R., Jolliffe, F., An investigation into regional differences in educational performance in the national child development study (1998) Educational Research, 40 (1), pp. 17-30; Menard, S., (1991) Longitudinal Research, , London, Sage; (1996) Gender Divide: Performance Differences between Boys and Girls at School, , London, OFSTED/Equal Opportunities Commission; (1998) The National Literacy Strategy: The Second Year, , London, OFSTED; Paterson, L., Socio-economic status and educational attainment: A multi-dimensional and multi-level study (1991) Evaluation and Research in Education, 5 (3), pp. 97-121; Plewis, I., Assessing and understanding the educational progress of children from different ethnic groups (1988) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 151 (2), pp. 316-326; Plewis, I., Reading progress (1993) A Guide to ML3 for New Users, , G. Woodhouse (Ed.) (London, University of London Institute of Education); Plewis, I., (1997) Statistics in Education, , London, Edward Arnold; Sammons, P., Nuttall, D., Cuttance, P., Thomas, S., (1993) Continuity of School Effects: A Longitudinal Analysis of Primary and Secondary School Effects on GCSE Performance, , London, Department of Curriculum Studies, Institute of Education; Sammons, P., Gender, ethnic and socio-economic differences in attainment and progress: A longitudinal analysis of student achievement over nine years (1995) British Educational Research Journal, 21 (4), pp. 465-485; Sukhanandan, L., Lee, B., Keller, S., (2000) An Investigation into Gender Differences in Achievement: Phase 2, School and Classroom Practices, , Slough, NFER; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , Working Paper No. 1, NCDS User Support Group; Thomas, S., Sammons, P., Mortimore, P., Smees, R., (1995) Stability and Consistency in Secondary Schools' Effects on Students' GCSE Outcomes over Three Years, , London, ISEIC, University of London Institute of Education; Tomlinson, H., (1993) Education and Training 14-19: Continuity and Diversity in the Curriculum, , London, Longman; Woodward, W., (2002) GCSE Gender Gap Continues to Grow, , www.education-guardian.co.uk/gcses2002, accessed 1 February 2004; Yang, M., Woodhouse, G., Progress from GCSE to A- and AS-level: Institutional and gender differences, and trends over time (2001) British Educational Research Journal, 27 (3), pp. 245-267; Yang, M., Goldstein, H., Browne, W., Woodhouse, G., Multivariate multilevel analyses of examination results (2002) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 165 (1), pp. 137-153 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042566988&doi=10.1080%2f0013188042000222412&partnerID=40&md5=2941113a8b9b4cfb1e422713883281f4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental background and political attitudes in British adults T2 - Journal of Family and Economic Issues J2 - J. Fam. Econ. Issues VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 245 EP - 254 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1023/B:JEEI.0000023640.19330.70 SN - 10580476 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AD - University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - Longitudinal data from the British National Child Development Study were used to examine the relationship between parental background in childhood and left-right beliefs and political cynicism-trust in adulthood (age 33). Parental backgrounds were separated into those relating to the structure (birth, step, single) and those relating to the socio-economic context (severe socio-economic disadvantage, experience of public care) of the family. Growing up with a widowed or a single parent had no effect in later political attitudes, and neither the structure nor the context of the parental background were related to left-right beliefs in men. An experience of public care predicted political cynicism in those who grew up in stepfamilies, and an experience of socio-economic disadvantage predicted left-wing beliefs in women. KW - National Child Development Study KW - Parental background KW - Political attitudes N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: JRF, Joseph Rowntree Foundation N1 - Funding details: Grant Foundation N1 - Funding text: The study reported in this paper was supported by a Joseph Rowntree Foundation grant to Dr. Ann Buchanan. The author would like to thank Ann Buchanan and JoAnn Ten Brinke. N1 - References: Alex-Assensoh, Y., Assensoh, A.B., Inner-city contexts, church attendance, and African-American political participation (2001) Journal of Politics, 63, pp. 886-901; Bebbington, A., Miles, J., The background of children who enter local authority care (1989) British Journal of Social Work, 19, pp. 349-368; Bradshaw, J., (1990) Child Poverty and Deprivation in the UK, , London: National Children's Bureau; Bynner, J., Ashford, S., Politics and participation: Some antecedents of young people's attitudes to the political system and political activity (1994) European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, pp. 223-236; Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 575-580; Dalhouse, M., Frideres, J.S., Intergenerational congruence: The role of the family in political attitudes of youth (1996) Journal of Family Issues, 17, pp. 227-248; Dolan, K., Attitudes, behaviors, and the influence of the family: A reexamination of the role of family structure (1995) Political Behavior, 17, pp. 251-264; Evans, G., Heath, A., Lalljee, M., Measuring left-right and libertarian-authoritarian values in the British electorate (1996) British Journal of Sociology, 47, pp. 93-112; Glass, J., Bengtson, V.L., Dunham, C.C., Attitude similarity in three-generation families: Socialization, status inheritance, or reciprocal influence? (1986) American Sociological Review, 51, pp. 685-698; Hair Jr., J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., (1995) Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, , Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Inglehart, R., (1990) Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Kamano, S., Comparing individual attitudes in seven countries (1999) Social Science Research, 28, pp. 1-35; Marsh, A., (1990) Political Action in Europe and the USA, , London: Macmillan; Marshall, G., (1994) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Nieuwbeerta, P., Wittebrood, K., Intergenerational transmission of political party preference in the Netherlands (1995) Social Science Research, 24, pp. 243-261; Peterson, B.E., Duncan, L.E., Authoritarianism of parents and offspring: Intergenerational politics and adjustment to college (1999) Journal of Research in Personality, 33, pp. 494-513; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-188. , E. Ferri (Ed.). London: National Children's Bureau; Smith, T.W., Factors relating to misanthropy in contemporary American society (1997) Social Science Research, 26, pp. 170-196; Westholm, A., The perceptual pathway: Tracing the mechanisms of political value transfer across generations (1999) Political Psychology, 20, pp. 525-551; Wiggins, R.D., Bynner, J., Social attitudes (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 162-183. , E. Ferri (Ed.). London: National Children's Bureau UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3543022129&doi=10.1023%2fB%3aJEEI.0000023640.19330.70&partnerID=40&md5=043a6455b9ce96395c303450bcab539b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early father's and mother's involvement and child's later educational outcomes T2 - British Journal of Educational Psychology J2 - Br. J. Educ. Psychol. VL - 74 IS - 2 SP - 141 EP - 153 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1348/000709904773839806 SN - 00070998 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AU - Buchanan, A. AD - Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - Background. Few studies have investigated the individual long-term contributions that mothers and fathers make to their children's schooling. Aims. (1) To explore the role of early father involvement in children's later educational attainment independently of the role of early mother involvement and other confounds, (2) to investigate whether gender and family structure moderate the relationship between father's and mother's involvement and child's educational attainment, and (3) to explore whether the impact of father's involvement depends on the level of mother's involvement. Sample. The study used longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study. The initial sample were those 7,259 cohort members with valid data on mother involvement at age 7, father involvement at age 7, and school-leaving qualification by age 20. Of those, 3,303 were included in the final analysis. Method. The measures were control variables, structural factors (family structure, sibship size and residential mobility), child factors (emotional/behavioural problems, cognitive ability and academic motivation), and father's and mother's involvement. Results. Father involvement and mother involvement at age 7 independently predicted educational attainment by age 20. The association between parents' involvement and educational attainment was not stronger for sons than for daughters. Father involvement was not more important for educational attainment when mother involvement was low rather than high. Not growing up in intact two-parent family did not weaken the association between father's or mother's involvement and educational outcomes. Conclusion. Early father involvement can be another protective factor in counter-acting risk conditions that might lead to later low attainment levels. KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - educational status KW - father child relation KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - male KW - mother child relation KW - motivation KW - questionnaire KW - role playing KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Father-Child Relations KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mother-Child Relations KW - Motivation KW - Questionnaires KW - Role N1 - Cited By :159 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15130184 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Abu, H., Maher, M., A structural model of attitudes towards school subjects, academic aspiration and achievement (2000) Educational Psychology, 20, pp. 75-84; Amato, P.R., Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; Angoff, W.H., The nature-nurture debate, aptitudes and group differences (1988) American Psychologist, 43, pp. 713-720; Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A., The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, pp. 1173-1182; Biller, H.B., Kimpton, J.L., The father and the school-aged child (1997) The Role of the Father in Child Development, pp. 143-161. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.). New York: Wiley; Ceci, S.J., Williams, W.M., Schooling, intelligence, and income (1997) American Psychologist, 52, pp. 1051-1058; Coiro, M.J., Emery, R.E., Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? A quantitative and qualitative review (1998) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, pp. 23-40; Coleman, J.S., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (SUPPL.), pp. S95-120; Crockett, L.J., Eggebeen, D.J., Hawkins, A.J., Father's presence and young children's behavioral and cognitive adjustment (1993) Family Relations, 14, pp. 355-377; DeKlyen, M., Speltz, M.L., Greenberg, M.T., Fathering and early onset conduct problems: Positive and negative parenting, father-son attachment, and the marital context (1998) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, pp. 3-21; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , London: Macgibbon & Kee; Downey, D.B., When bigger is not better: Family size, parental resources, and children's educational performance (1995) American Sociological Review, 60, pp. 746-761; Duncan, G.J., Yeung, W.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Smith, J.R., How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children? (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 406-423; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Fagan, J., Iglesias, A., Father involvement program effects on fathers, father figures, and their Head Start children: A quasi-experimental study (1999) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 14, pp. 243-269; Feinstein, L., Symons, J., Attainment in secondary school (1999) Oxford Economic Papers, 51, pp. 300-321; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., Life satisfaction in teenage boys: The moderating role of father involvement and bullying (2002) Aggressive Behavior, 28, pp. 126-133; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., Bream, V., Adolescents' perceptions of their fathers' involvement: Significance to school attitudes (2002) Psychology in the Schools, 39, pp. 575-582; Fortier, M.S., Vallerand, R.J., Guay, F., Academic motivation and school performance: Toward a structural model (1995) Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20, pp. 257-274; Furstenberg, F.F., Morgan, S.P., Allison, P.D., Paternal participation and children's well-being (1987) American Sociological Review, 52, pp. 695-701; Ganzach, Y., Parents' education, cognitive ability, educational expectations and educational attainment: Interactive effects (2000) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, pp. 419-441; Georgiou, S., Parental attributions as predictors of involvement and influences on child achievement (1999) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, pp. 409-429; Grolnick, W.S., Slowiaczek, M.L., Parents' involvement in children's schooling: A multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 237-252; Hair Jr., J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., (1995) Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, , Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall; Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M., Cox, R., Effects of divorce on parents and children (1982) Nontraditional Families, pp. 233-288. , M.E. Lamb (Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Hwang, C.P., Lamb, M.E., Father involvement in Sweden: A longitudinal study of its stability and correlates (1997) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, pp. 621-632; Jeynes, W.H., The role of family residential mobility in explaining the lower academic achievement of high school children from reconstituted families (1999) Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 32, pp. 123-143; Keith, T.Z., Keith, P.B., Quirk, K.J., Sperduto, J., Santillo, S., Killings, S., Longitudinal effects of parent involvement on high school grades: Similarities and differences across gender and ethnic groups (1998) Journal of School Psychology, 36, pp. 335-363; Kelly, J., Children's adjustment in conflicted marriage and divorce: A decade review of research (2000) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, pp. 963-997; Lamb, M.E., (1997) The Role of the Father in Child Development, , New York: Wiley; Maccoby, E.E., Parenting and its effects on children: On reading and misreading behavior genetics (2000) Annual Review of Psychology, 51, pp. 1-27; Marsiglio, W., Paternal engagement activities with minor children (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 973-986; Masse, L.C., Tremblay, R.E., Kindergarten disruptive behavior, family adversity, gender, and elementary school failure (1999) International Journal of Behavioural Development, 23, pp. 225-240; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: A longitudinal study (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 669-685; McElwain, N.L., Velling, B.L., Depressed mood and marital conflict: Relations to maternal and paternal intrusiveness with one-year-old infants (1999) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20, pp. 63-83; Miedel, W.T., Reynolds, A.J., Parent involvement in early intervention for disadvantaged children: Does it matter? (1999) Journal of School Psychology, 37, pp. 379-402; Mulkey, L.M., Crain, R.L., Harrington, A.J.C., One-parent households and achievement: Economic and behavioral explanations of a small effect (1992) Sociology & Education, 65, pp. 48-65; Winquist Nord, C., Brimhall, D., West, J., (1997) Fathers' Involvement in their Children's Schools, , NCES 98-091, Washington, DC: US Department of Education; Factors associated with fathers' caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children (2000) Journal of Family Psychology, 14, pp. 200-219; Parke, R.D., Father involvement: A developmental psychological perspective (2000) Marriage and Family Review, 29, pp. 43-58; Pettit, G.S., Bates, J.E., Dodge, K.A., Supportive parenting, ecological context, and children's adjustment: A seven-year longitudinal study (1997) Child Development, 68, pp. 908-923; Pidgeon, D.A., Tests used in 1954 and 1957 surveys (1966) The Home and the School, pp. 129-132. , J.W.B. Douglas (Ed.). London: Macgibbon & Kee; Powell, B., Steelman, L.C., The educational benefits of being spaced out: Sibship density and educational progress (1993) American Sociological Review, 58, pp. 367-381; Radin, N., The role of the father in cognitive, academic, and intellectual development (1976) The Role of Father in Child Development, pp. 237-276. , M.E. Lamb (Ed.). New York: Wiley; Radin, N., Williams, E., Coggins, K., Paternal involvement in childbearing and the school performance of native American children: An exploratory study (1994) Family Perspectives, 27, pp. 375-391; Ramey, C.T., Campbell, F.A., Ramey, S.L., Early intervention: Successful pathways to improving intellectual development (1999) Developmental Neuropsychology, 16, pp. 385-392; Reynolds, A.J., Comparing measures of parent involvement and their effects on academic achievement (1992) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 7, pp. 441-462; Riley, A.W., Ensminger, M.E., Green, B., Kang, M., Social role functioning by adolescents with psychiatric disorders (1998) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, pp. 620-628; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Sandefur, G.D., Wells, T., Does family structure really influence educational attainment? (1999) Social Science Research, 28, pp. 331-357; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (Ed.). London: National Children's Bureau; Silbereisen, R.K., Robins, L., Rutter, M., Secular trends in substance use: Concepts and data on the impact of social change on alcohol and drug abuse (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 490-543. , M. Rutter & D. J. Smith (Eds.). Chichester: Wiley; Smith, D.J., Youth crime and conduct disorders: Trends, patterns, and causal explanations (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and their Causes, pp. 389-489. , M. Rutter & D. J. Smith (Eds.). Chichester: Wiley; Smith, G., Schools (2000) Twentieth-century British Social Trends, pp. 179-220. , A.H. Halsey & J. Webb (Eds.). Basingstoke: Macmillan; Tucker, C.J., Marx, J., Long, L., 'Moving on': Residential mobility and children's school lives (1998) Sociology of Education, 71, pp. 111-129; Updegraff, K.A., McHale, S.M., Crouter, A.C., Gender roles in marriage: What do they mean for girls' and boys' school achievement? (1996) Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, pp. 73-88; Webster-Stratton, C., Early onset conduct problems: Does gender make a difference? (1996) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, pp. 540-551; Wigfield, A., Eccles, J.S., Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation (2000) Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, pp. 68-81; Yongman, M.W., Kindlon, D., Earls, F., Father involvement and cognitive/behavioral outcomes of preterm infants (1995) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, pp. 58-66 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942587149&doi=10.1348%2f000709904773839806&partnerID=40&md5=d652d25d9c09756c36c8961b2aff306a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Educational inequality: The widening socio-economic gap T2 - Fiscal Studies J2 - Fisc. Stud. VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 128 PY - 2004 SN - 01435671 (ISSN) AU - Machin, S. AU - Vignoles, A. AD - Department of Economics, London School of Economics, University College London, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, United Kingdom AB - In this paper, we consider research on links between higher education and family background, focusing particularly on the experiences of two cohorts of individuals born in 1958 and 1970. The findings point to a rise in educational inequality during the period relevant to these two cohorts. Specifically, links between educational achievement and parental income / social class strengthened during this period. Furthermore, a person's actual (measured) ability became a poorer predictor of whether they would get a degree than was previously the case. The expansion of higher education in the UK during this period appears to have disproportionately benefited children from richer families rather than the most able. Furthermore, the labour market success or failure of individuals became more closely connected to their parents' income, revealing a fall in the extent of intergenerational mobility over time. N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Machin, S.; Department of Economics, London School of Economics, University College London, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Blanden, J., Goodman, A., Gregg, P., Machin, S., Changes in intergenerational mobility in Britain (2002) Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, , M. Corak (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming; Gregg, P., Machin, S., Changes in educational inequality (2003) Discussion Paper, , Centre for the Economics of Education, forthcoming; Machin, S., Educational inequality and the expansion of UK higher education (2004) Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 54, pp. 230-249. , Special Issue on the Economics of Education; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., The design and conduct of the 1999-2000 surveys of the national child development study and the 1970 british cohort study (2000) Working Paper No. 1, 1. , ftp://cls.ioe.ac.uk/pub/Cohort/Acrobat/Cswp1.pdf, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Cohort Studies; Cameron, S.V., Heckman, J.J., The dynamics of educational attainment for black, Hispanic, and white males (2001) Journal of Political Economy, 109, pp. 455-499; Carneiro, P., Heckman, J.J., The evidence on credit constraints in post-secondary schooling (2003) Economic Journal, 112, pp. 705-734; Danziger, S., Waldfogel, J., Investing in children: What do we know? What should we do? (2000) CASEpaper No. 34, 34. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) Economic Journal, 107, pp. 47-64; Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-97; Galindo-Rueda, F., Vignoles, A., Class ridden or meritocratic? An economic analysis of recent changes in Britain (2005) Journal of Human Resources, , forthcoming; Gibbons, S., Machin, S., Valuing English primary schools (2003) Journal of Urban Economics, 53, pp. 197-219; (2004) Paying for Primary Schools: Supply Constraints, School Popularity or Congestion?, , London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance, mimeo; Gipps, C., Stobart, G., (1997) Assessment: A Teacher's Guide to the Issues, , London: Hodder and Stoughton; Glennerster, H., United Kingdom education 1997-2001 (2001) CASEpaper No. 50, 50. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Grawe, N., (2000) The Three-day Week of 1974 and Measurement Error in the NCDS and FES Data Sets, , Carleton College, unpublished mimeo; Gregg, P., Harkness, S., Machin, S., Poor kids: Trends in child poverty in Britain, 1968-96 (1999) Fiscal Studies, 20, pp. 163-187; Machin, S., Childhood disadvantage and success or failure in the labour market (1999) Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries, , D. Blanchflower and R. Freeman (eds), Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research; The relationship between childhood experiences, subsequent educational attainment and adult labour market performance (2000) Child Well Being in Modern Nations: What Do We Know?, , K. Vleminckx and T. Smeeding (eds), Bristol: Policy Press; Hobcraft, J., Intergenerational and life-course transmission of social exclusion: Influences and childhood poverty, family disruption and contact with the police (1998) CASEpaper No. 15, 15. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Kiernan, K., Transition to parenthood: Young mothers, young fathers - Associated factors and later life experiences (1995) Welfare State Programme Discussion Paper No. WSP/113, WSP-113. , London School of Economics, STICERD; Machin, S., Wage inequality in the UK (1996) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12 (1), pp. 47-64; Wage inequality in the 1970s 1980s and 1990s (1999) The State of Working Britain, , P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds), Manchester: Manchester University Press; Wage inequality since 1975 (2003) The Labour Market under New Labour, , P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Micklewright, J., A note on household income in NCDS3 (1986) Working Paper No. 18, 18. , City University NCDS User Support Group; Solon, G., Biases in the estimation of intergenerational earnings correlations (1989) Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, pp. 172-174; Intergenerational mobility in the labor market (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3 A. , O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds), Amsterdam: North-Holland UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042565143&partnerID=40&md5=e0ce239cb59348d951302691e4a3818e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The contribution of adult learning to health and social capital T2 - Oxford Review of Education J2 - Oxf. Rev. Educ. VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 199 EP - 221 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1080/0305498042000215520 SN - 03054985 (ISSN) AU - Feinstein, L. AU - Hammond, C. AD - University of London, United Kingdom AD - Bedford Grp. Lifecourse/Stat. Studs., Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom AB - This research uses the National Child Development Study to investigate the effects of adult learning upon 12 outcomes that act as proxies for health and social capital. To minimise selection bias we consider changes in outcomes rather than levels. We find that adult learning plays an important role in contributing to the small shifts in attitudes and behaviours that take place during mid-adulthood. The results hold as controls are added for demographic, educational and other background factors, as well as for changes in life circumstances during mid-adulthood. It is therefore very likely that there are substantive and genuine effects of adult learning. However, we do not suggest a purely one-way causal relationship. Evidence from additional analyses suggests rather that participation in adult learning is a very important element in positive cycles of development and progression. N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; Bedford Grp. Lifecourse/Stat. Studs., Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom; email: lf@bg.ioe.ac.uk N1 - References: Adorno, T.W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D.J., Sanford, R.N., (1950) The Authoritarian Personality, , New York, Harper; Alexander, T., Clyne, P., (1995) Riches Beyond Price: Making the Most of Family Learning, , Leicester, NIACE; Becker, G.S., Becker, G.N., (1996) The Economics of Life, , New York, McGraw-Hill; Behrman, J., Stacey, N., (1997) The Social Benefits of Education, , Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan Press; Bynner, J., Ashford, S., Politics and participation: Some antecedents of young people's attitudes to the political system and political activity (1994) European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, pp. 223-236; Bynner, J., Dolton, P., Feinstem, L., Makepeace, G., Malmberg, L., Woods, L., (2003) Revisiting the Benefits of Higher Education, , London, The Smith Institute; Campbell, C., Mzaidume, Z., Grassroots participation, peer education, and HIV prevention by sex workers in South Africa (2001) American Journal of Public Health, 91 (12), pp. 1978-1986; Clarke, H., Acock, A.C., National elections and political attitudes: The case of political efficacy (1989) British Journal of Political Science, 19, pp. 551-562; Coare, P., Thomson, A., (1996) Through the Joy of Learning: Diary of 10,000 Adult Learners, , Leicester, NIACE; Côté, J.E., The role of identity capital in the transition to adulthood: The individualisation thesis examined (2002) Journal of Youth Studies, 5 (2), pp. 117-134; (1998) The Learning Age, Cm 3790, , London, HMSO; (2002) Success for All, Reforming Further Education and Training, , Discussion Document; Emler, N., Frazer, E., Politics, the education effect (1999) Oxford Review of Education, 25 (1-2), pp. 251-273; Feinstein, L., Hammond, C., Woods, L., Preston, J., Bynner, J., The contribution of adult learning to health and social capital (2003) Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report, 8. , London, Institute of Education; Foster, P., Howard, U., Reisenberger, A., (1997) A Sense of Achievement: Outcomes of Learning, , London, Further Education Development Agency; Haegel, F., The effect of education on the expression of negative views towards immigrants in France: The influence of the Republican model put to the test (1999) Education and Racism: A Cross-national Inventory of Positive Effects of Education on Ethnic Tolerance, , L. Hagendoorn & S. Nekuee (Eds) Aldershot, Ashgate; Hall, P., Social capital in Britain (1999) British Journal of Political Science, 29, pp. 417-461; Hammond, C., Learning to be healthy (2002) Wider Benefits of Learning Papers, 3. , London, Institute of Education; Hammond, C., What is it about education that makes us healthy? Exploring the education-health connection (2002) International Journal of Lifelong Education, 21 (6), pp. 551-571; Hammond, C., How education makes us healthy (2003) London Review of Education, 1 (1), pp. 61-78; Jenkins, A., Vignoles, A., Wolf, A., Galindo-Rueda, F., (2002) The Determinants and Effects of Lifelong Learning, , CEE Discussion Paper 19; (2002) Success for All: A NIACE Response to the Department for Education and Skills' Proposals for A New Strategy for Learning and Skills, , Leicester, NIACE; Nie, N., Junn, J., Stehlik-Barry, K., (1996) Education and Democratic Citizenship in America, , Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press; Putnam, R.D., (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, , New York, Simon & Schuster; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, Longman; Schuller, T., Brassett-Grundy, A., Green, A., Hammond, C., Preston, J., Learning, continuity and change in adult life (2002) Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report, 3. , London, Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning; Thompson, J., (2002) Community Education and Neighbourhood Renewal, , Leicester, NIACE; Wilkinson, R.G., (1996) Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality, , London, Routledge UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942627603&doi=10.1080%2f0305498042000215520&partnerID=40&md5=260464c39a5a7b90aa5a787461b34456 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Poverty, education, race, and pregnancy outcome T2 - Ethnicity and Disease J2 - Ethni. Dis. VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 322 EP - 329 PY - 2004 SN - 1049510X (ISSN) AU - Savitz, D.A. AU - Kaufman, J.S. AU - Dole, N. AU - Siega-Riz, A.M. AU - Thorp Jr., J.M. AU - Kaczor, D.T. AD - Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, United States AD - Department of Maternal/Child Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, United States AD - Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, United States AB - Few studies have considered the differing impact of socioeconomic factors on pregnancy outcomes among racial subgroups. We assessed pregnancy outcome by race, education, and income (poverty index), using data from the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study, a cohort study of preterm birth in central North Carolina, using binomial regression. Poverty was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth only among African Americans with 12 or more years of education (RR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.2). White participants with both a low level of education and an income below the poverty line were at increased risk of preterm birth (RR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7). White women with 12 or more years of education had increased risk of small-for-gestational-age birth (SGA, defined as <10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age) associated with poverty status (RR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7). Socioeconomic indicators appear to have complex joint effect patterns among racial sub-groups, perhaps because the material and psychological implications of education and income status differ between groups. KW - Ethnic groups KW - Premature infant KW - Small for gestational age infant KW - Social class KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - adult KW - African American KW - article KW - binomial distribution KW - birth weight KW - Caucasian KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - education KW - female KW - high risk population KW - human KW - lowest income group KW - poverty KW - pregnancy complication KW - premature labor KW - psychological aspect KW - race difference KW - regression analysis KW - risk assessment KW - small for date infant KW - socioeconomics KW - United States KW - Adult KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Educational Status KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - North Carolina KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature KW - Odds Ratio KW - Poverty KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :70 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ETDIE C2 - 15328932 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Savitz, D.A.; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, United States; email: david_savitz@unc.edu N1 - References: Shiono, P.H., Klebanoff, M.A., Ethnic differences in preterm and very preterm delivery (1986) Am. J. Public Health, 76, pp. 1317-1321; McGrady, G.A., Sung, J.F.C., Rowley, D.L., Hogue, C.J., Preterm delivery low birth weight among first-born infants of Black White college graduates (1992) Am. J. Epidemiol., 136, pp. 266-276; Collins Jr., J.W., Hammond, N.A., Relation of maternal race to the risk of preterm, non-low birth-weight infants: A population study (1996) Am. J. Epidemiol., 143, pp. 333-337; Blackmore, C.A., Savitz, D.A., Edwards, L.J., Harlow, S.D., Bowes Jr., W.A., Racial differences in the patterns of preterm delivery in central North Carolina USA (1995) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 9, pp. 281-295; Lieberman, E., Ryan, K.J., Monson, R.R., Schoenbaum, S.C., Risk factors accounting for racial differences in the rate of premature birth (1987) N. Engl. J. Med., 317, pp. 743-748; Hogue, C.J.R., Yip, R., Preterm delivery: Can we lower the Black infant's first hurdle? (1989) JAMA, 262, pp. 548-550; Adams, M.M., Read, J.A., Rawlings, J.S., Harlass, F.B., Sarno, A.P., Rhodes, P.H., Preterm delivery among Black White enlisted women in the United States Army (1993) Obstet. Gynecol., 81, pp. 65-71; Kallan, J.E., Race, intervening variables, and 2 components of low birth weight (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 489-506; Shiono, P.H., Rauh, V.A., Park, M., Lederman, S.A., Zuskar, D., Ethnic differences in birth weight: The role of lifestyle other factors (1997) Am. J. Public Health, 87, pp. 787-793; Schoendorf, K.C., Hogue, C.J.R., Kleinman, J.C., Rowley, D., Mortality among infants of Black as compared with White college-educated parents (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 326, pp. 1522-1526; Collins Jr., J.W., Butler, A.G., Racial differences in the prevalence of small-for-dates infants among college-educated women (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 315-317; Kaufman, J.S., Cooper, R.S., McGee, D.L., Socioeconomic status health in Blacks Whites: The problem of residual confounding the resiliency of race (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 621-628; Kaufman, J.S., How inconsistencies in racial classification demystify the race construct in public health statistics (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 101-113; Fedrick, J., Anderson, A.B.M., Factors associated with spontaneous pre-term delivery (1976) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 83, pp. 342-350; Peacock, J.L., Bland, J.M., Anderson, H.R., Preterm delivery: Effects of socioeconomic factors psychological stress smoking alcohol caffeine (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 531-535; Meis, P.J., Michielutte, R., Peters, T.J., Factors associated with preterm birth in Cardiff Wales. I. Univariable multivariable analysis (1995) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 173, pp. 590-596; Bravemen, P., Cubbin, C., Marchi, K., Egerter, S., Chavez, G., Measuring socioeconomic status/position in studies of racial/ethnic disparities: Maternal infant health (2001) Public Health Rep., 116, pp. 449-463; Sung, J.F., McGrady, G.A., Rowley, D.L., Hogue, C.J., Alema-Mensah, E., Lypson, M.L., Interactive effect of race marital status in low birth weight (1993) Ethn. Dis., 3, pp. 129-136; Shea, D.G., Miles, T., Hayward, M., The health-wealth connection: Racial differences (1996) Gerontologist, 36, pp. 342-349; Gornick, M.E., Eggers, P.W., Reilly, T.W., Effects of race income on mortality use of services among Medicare beneficiaries (1996) N. Engl. J. Med., 335, pp. 791-799; Rosenbaum, E., Racial/ethnic differences in home ownership and housing quality (1991) Soc. Prob., 43, pp. 403-426; Savitz, D.A., Dole, N., Williams, J., Study design determinants of participation in an epidemiologic study of preterm delivery (1999) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 114-125; (1997) Current Population Reports, Poverty in the United States 1996, , US Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office Series P60-198; Zhang, J., Bowes Jr., W.A., Birth-weight-for-gestational-age patterns by race sex parity in the United States population (1995) Obstet. Gynecol., 86, pp. 200-208; Pickering, R.M., Deeks, J.J., Risks of delivery during the 20th to the 36th week of gestation (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol., 20, pp. 456-466; Lumley, J., How important is social class a factor in preterm birth? (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 1040-1041; Wildschut, H.I.J., Nas, T., Golding, J., Are sociodemographic factors predictive of preterm birth? (1997) Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 104, pp. 57-63. , A reappraisal of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey; Stein, A., Campbell, E.A., Day, A., McPherson, K., Cooper, P.J., Social adversity low birth weight preterm delivery (1987) BMJ, 295, pp. 291-293; Brooke, O.G., Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peacock, J.L., Stewart, C.M., Effects on birth weight of smoking alcohol caffeine socioeconomic factors psychosocial stress (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 795-801; de Haas, I., Harlow, B.L., Cramer, D.W., Frigoletto Jr., F.D., Spontaneous preterm birth: A case-control study (1991) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 165, pp. 1290-1296; Lang, J.M., Lieberman, E., Cohen, A., A comparison of risk factors for preterm labor term small-for-gestational-age birth (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 369-376; Berkowitz, G.S., Blackmore-Prince, C., Lapinski, R.H., Savitz, D.A., Risk factors for preterm birth subtypes (1998) Epidemiology, 9, pp. 279-285; Parker, J.D., Schoendorf, K.C., Kiely, J.L., Associations between measures of socioeconomic status low birth weight small for gestational age premature delivery in the United States (1994) Ann. Epidemiol., 4, pp. 271-278; Cooperstock, M.S., Bakewell, J., Herman, A., Schramm, W.F., Association of sociodemographic variables with risk for very preterm birth in twins (1998) Obstet. Gynecol., 92, pp. 53-56; Virji, S.K., Cottington, E., Risk factors associated with preterm deliveries among racial groups in a national sample of married mothers (1991) Am. J. Perinatol., 8, pp. 347-353; Berg, C.J., Wilcox, L.S., d'Almada, P.J., The prevalence of socioeconomic behavioral characteristics their impact on very low birth weight in Black White infants in Georgia (2001) Matern. Child Health J., 5, pp. 75-84; Pickett, K.E., Aheran, J.E., Selvin, S., Abrams, B., Neighborhood socioeconomic status maternal race preterm delivery: A case-control study (2002) Ann. Epidemiol., 12, pp. 410-418; Roscigno, V.J., Ainsworth-Darnell, J.W., Race cultural capital educational resources: Persistent inequalities achievement returns (1999) Sociol. Educ., 72, pp. 158-178; Hayward, M.D., Crimmins, E.M., Miles, T.P., Yang, Y., The significance of socioeconomic status in explaining the racial gap in chronic health conditions (2000) Am. Sociol. Rev., 65, pp. 910-930; Krieger, N., Williams, D.R., Moss, N.E., Measuring social class in US public health research: Concepts methodologies guidelines (1997) Annu. Rev. Public Health, 18, pp. 341-378; Foster, H.W., Thomas, D.J., Semenya, K.A., Thomas, J., Low birth weight in African Americans: Does intergenerational well-being improve outcome? (1993) J. Natl. Med. Assoc., 85, pp. 516-520; James, S.A., Racial and ethnic differences in infant mortality and low birth weight: A psychosocial critique (1993) Ann. Epidemiol., 3, pp. 130-136; Blackmore, C.A., Ferre, C.D., Rowley, D.L., Hogue, C.J., Gaiter, J., Atrash, H., Is race a risk factor or a risk marker for preterm delivery? (1993) Ethn. Dis., 3, pp. 372-377; Kaufman, J.S., Cooper, R.S., Seeking causal explanations in social epidemiology (1999) Am. J. Epidemiol., 150, pp. 113-120 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4344705274&partnerID=40&md5=1d9fa9f75a83e59ce9d63bfdda89fee8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental growth at different life stages and offspring birthweight: An intergenerational cohort study T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 168 EP - 177 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00556.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Power, C. AU - Smith, G.D. AD - Center for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Center for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Using three generations of the 1958 British national birth cohort we investigated ways in which parental size is related to offspring birthweight. By age 41 years, 4566 singleton female and 4050 male cohort members (born 3-9 March, 1958) had become parents and provided information on their singleton offspring. Mother's birthweight (standardised for gestational age and sex) was the strongest determinant of offspring birthweight (effect size [ES] per SDS 112 g [95% CI 97, 128]), which was little affected by adjustment for maternal height or BMI (ES 95 g and 105 g respectively). The intergenerational birthweight association was not observed for mothers born very small or large. Mother's childhood height at age 7 (ES 46 g [24, 67]), but not BMI (ES 3 g [-18, 23]), was associated with offspring birthweight after adjustment for grandparental size, own birthweight, and adult size. Controlling for other growth measures strongly attenuated the association between mother's adult height and offspring birthweight: (ES 90 g, unadjusted, and 25 g, adjusted), while the association between adult BMI and offspring birthweight was little affected (ES 55 g and 51 g respectively). Father's BMI did not affect offspring birthweight, while the associations for height were similar, albeit weaker, than those observed for the mother. Our results suggest that intergenerational associations in birthweights are largely independent of postnatal size. Maternal height in childhood was positively related to offspring birthweight, while the effect of her BMI was restricted to adulthood. KW - age KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - cohort analysis KW - developmental stage KW - father KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - maternal welfare KW - mother KW - newborn KW - parent KW - adult KW - body constitution KW - body weight KW - child KW - family KW - physiology KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Family KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Parents KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 15130155 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hyppönen, E.; Center for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: e.hypponen@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Kermack, W.D., McKenrick, A.G., McKinlay, P.L., Death rates in Great Britain and Sweden. Some general regularities and their significance (1934) Lancet, 1, pp. 698-703; Magnus, P., Gjessing, H., Skronral, A., Skaerven, R., Paternal contribution to birth weight (2002) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, pp. 873-877; Ramakrishnan, U., Martorell, R., Schroeder, D.G., Flores, R., Role of intergenerational effects on linear growth (1999) Journal of Nutrition, 129 (2 S SUPPL.), pp. 544S-549S; Rasmussen, K.M., The 'fetal origins' hypothesis: Challenges and opportunities for maternal and child nutrition (2001) Annual Review of Nutrition, 21, pp. 73-95; Emanuel, I., Maternal health during childhood and later reproductive performance (1986) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 477, pp. 27-95; Baird, D., Environment and reproduction (1980) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 87, pp. 1057-1067; Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight. Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 65, pp. 663-737; Pietilainen, K.H., Kaprio, J., Rasanen, M., Winter, T., Rissanen, A., Rose, R.J., Tracking of body size from birth to late adolescence: Contributions of birth length, birth weight, duration of gestation, parents' body size, and twinship (2001) American Journal of Epidemiology, 154, pp. 21-29; Siervogel, R.M., Roche, A.F., Guo, S.M., Mukherjee, D., Chumlea, W.C., Patterns of change in weight/stature from 2 to 18 years: Findings from long-term serial data for children in the Fels longitudinal growth study (1991) International Journal of Obesity, 15, pp. 479-485; Karlberg, J., Jalil, F., Lam, B., Low, L., Yeung, C.Y., Linear growth retardation in relation to the three phases of growth (1994) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S25-S43; Macintyre, S., Sooman, A., Non-paternity and prenatal genetic screening (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 869-871; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , Editor: Ferri E. London: National Children's Bureau; (1994) National Child Development Study Composite File, , Including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. SN: 3148. Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive distributor; National Child Development Study Sixth Follow-up, NCDS6 (1999/2000) [Article Online], , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm, London; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 77, pp. 376-381; Cleveland, W.S., Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots (1979) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, pp. 829-836; (2001) Stata Statistical Software: Release 7 0, , College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 12, pp. 45-60; Reik, W., Walter, J., Genomic imprinting: Parental influence on the genome (2001) Genetics, 2, pp. 21-32. , Nature Reviews; Casteels, K., Ong, K., Phillips, D., Bendall, H., Pembrey, M., Mitochondrial 16189 variant, thinness at birth, and type-2 diabetes. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 1499-1500; Emanuel, I., Invited commentary: An assessment of maternal intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome (1997) American Journal of Epidemiology, 146, pp. 820-825; Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Association between leg length and offspring birth weight: Partial explanation for the trans-generational association between birth weight and cardiovascular disease. Findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study (2003) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 17, pp. 145-155; Ramachandran, P., Maternal nutrition - Effect on fetal growth and outcome of pregnancy (2002) Nutrition Reviews, 60 (5 PART 2), pp. S26-S34; Soltani, K., Bruce, C., Fraser, R.B., Observational study of maternal anthropometry and fetal insulin (1999) Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 81, pp. F122-F124; Tanner, J.M., (1989) Foetus into Man: Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, , Hertfordshire, UK: Castlemead Publications; (1999) Obesity: The Report of the British Nutrition Task Force, , Oxford: Blackwell Science; Hebebrand, J., Wulftange, H., Goerg, T., Ziegler, A., Hinney, A., Barth, N., Epidemic obesity: Are genetic factors involved via increased rates of assortative mating? (2000) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 24, pp. 345-353; Lumey, L.H., Stein, A.D., Ravelli, A.C., Maternal recall of birthweights of adult children: Validation by hospital and well baby clinic records (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 23, pp. 1006-1012; Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., White, E., Daling, J.R., Holt, V.L., Malone, K.E., Validity and reliability of subject and mother reporting of perinatal factors (1998) American Journal of Epidemiology, 147, pp. 136-140; Pless, C.E., Pless, I.B., How well they remember. The accuracy of parent reports (1995) Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 149, pp. 553-558; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Hole, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) British Medical Journal, 316, pp. 1631-1635 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042826960&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.2004.00556.x&partnerID=40&md5=a3381daa052bd29308fdb2d37c586986 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cognitive ability and occupational status in a British cohort T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 333 EP - 349 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1017/S0021932003006229 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Thienpont, K. AU - Verleye, G. AD - Department of Population Studies, Ghent University, Belgium AD - Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium AB - The relation between individual trait differences, social mobility and social structure is central to social biology. Because genetic variance underlies phenotypic variance in some of these traits, for example IQ, several mechanisms determine the population variance. Polygenic inheritance is the basic mechanism. Social mobility and assortative partner choice distribute the trait variance within generations. This feedback circle is constrained by sociological conditions at several levels of analysis. Fundamental to this theory of social assortment is the relation between social-biological traits and social class on the one hand, and these traits and social mobility on the other hand. The focus here is on the relation between social class, social mobility and cognitive ability. The National Child Development Study is drawn upon, including the last follow-up (1999-2000). By approaching this relationship through various methods, both social-biological and sociological aspects of this research question can be assessed. KW - article KW - biological trait KW - cognition KW - genetic variability KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - multifactorial inheritance KW - occupation KW - phenotype KW - social class KW - social structure KW - United Kingdom KW - Achievement KW - Aptitude KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cognition KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Occupations KW - Social Mobility KW - Sociobiology KW - Variation (Genetics) N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 15164940 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Department of Population Studies, Ghent UniversityBelgium N1 - References: Bajema, C.J., Relation of fertility to occupational status, IQ, educational attainment, and size of family of origin: A follow-up study of a male Kalamazoo public school population (1968) Eugenics Quarterly, 3, pp. 198-203; Bartley, M., Plewis, I., Does health-selective mobility account for socioeconomic differences in health? (1997) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 38, pp. 376-386; Bell, D., (1973) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, , Basic, New York; Bielicki, T., Waliszko, H., Stature, upward social mobility and the nature of statural differences between social classes (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19 (6), pp. 589-594; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , Wiley, New York; Bollen, K.A., (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Variables, , Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics; Bond, R., Saunders, P., Routes of success: Influences on the occupational attainment of young British males (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (2), pp. 217-249; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (1), pp. 1-27; Cliquet, R.L., Social mobility and the anthropological structure of populations (1968) Human Biology, 40, pp. 17-30; Crook, S., Pakulski, J., Waters, M., (1992) Postmodernization, , Sage, London; Davis, T.J., The occupational mobility of black males revisited: Does race matter? (1995) Social Science Journal, 32 (2), pp. 121-135; Duncan, O.D., Featherman, D.L., Duncan, B., (1972) Socioeconomic Background and Achievement, , Seminar Press, New York; Eckland, B.K., Social class structure and the genetic basis of intelligence (1971) Intelligence. Genetic and Environmental Influences, , Cancro, R. (ed.). Grune & Stratton, New York & London; Esping-Andersen, G., (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, , Polity Press, Cambridge; Esping-Andersen, G., Post-industrial class structures: An analytical framework (1993) Changing Classes. Stratification and Mobility in Post-Industrial Societies, , Esping-Andersen, G. (ed.). Sage, London, Newbury Park, CA; Gibson, J.B., Harrison, G.A., Hiorns, R.W., Macbeth, H.M., Social mobility and psychometric variation in a group of Oxfordshire villages (1983) Journal of Biosocial Science, 15, pp. 193-205; Gibson, J.B., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biological aspects of a high socio-economic group. II. IQ components and social mobility (1973) Journal of Biosocial Science, 5, pp. 17-30; Goldthorpe, J.H., (1980) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Britain, , Clarendon Press, Oxford (in collaboration with Catriona Llewellyn and Clive Payne); Goldthorpe, J.H., Employment, class and mobility: A critique of liberal and Marxist theories of long-term social change (1992) Social Change and Modernity, , Haferkamp, H. & Smelser, N. J. (eds). University of California Press, Berkeley; Goldthorpe, J.H., Class analysis and the reorientation of class theory: The case of persisting differentials in educational attainment (1996) British Journal of Sociology, 47 (3), pp. 481-505; Hair, J.F., (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis, , Prentice-Hall International; Horn, J.M., Loehlin, J.C., Willerman, L., Aspects of the inheritance of intellectual abilities (1982) Behaviour Genetics, 12, pp. 479-516; Jensen, A.R., How much can we boost IQ and scholastic achievement? (1969) Harvard Educational Review, 39, pp. 1-123; Jensen, A.R., The puzzle of nongenetic variance (1997) Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment, , Sternberg, R. J. & Grigorenko, E. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Dohrenwend, B.P., Link, B.G., Brook, J.S., A longitudinal investigation of social causation and social selection processes involved in the association between socio-economic status and psychiatric disorders (1999) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108 (3), pp. 490-499; Jonsson, J.O., Mills, C., Social class and educational attainment in historical perspective: A Swedish-English comparison Part I (1993) British Journal of Sociology, 44 (2), pp. 213-247; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1993) Diverging Pathways. Social Structure and Career Deflections, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Lewontin, R., Kirk, D., Crow, J., Selective mating, assortative mating, and inbreeding (1968) Eugenics Quarterly, 15 (2), pp. 141-143; Link, B.G., Lennon, M.C., Dohrenwend, B.P., Socioeconomic status and depression: The role of occupations involving direction, control and planning (1993) American Journal of Sociology, 98, pp. 1351-1387; Loehlin, J.C., Combining data from different groups in human behaviour genetic research (1979) Theoretical Advances in Behaviour Genetics, , Royce, J. R. & Mos, L. P. (eds). Alphen aan den Rijn, Sijthoff & Noordhoff; Loehlin, J.C., Horn, J.M., Willerman, L., Heredity, environment, and IQ in the Texas Adoption Project (1997) Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment, , Sternberg, R. J. & Grigorenko, E. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biological correlates of social and geographical mobility in humans: An overview (1998) Human Biology and Social Inequality, pp. 193-219. , Strickland, S. S. & Shetty, P. S. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Miech, R.A., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Entner Wright, B.R., Silva, P.A., Low socioeconomic status and mental disorders: A longitudinal study of selection and causation during young adulthood (1999) American Journal of Sociology, 4, pp. 1096-1131; Retherford, R.D., Sewell, W.H., Intelligence and family size reconsidered (1988) Social Biology, 35 (1-2), pp. 1-40; Saunders, P., Social mobility in Britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing explanations (1997) Sociology, 31 (2), pp. 261-288; Schafer, J.L., (1997) Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data, , Chapman & Hall; Strickland, S., Shetty, P., Human biology and social inequality (1998) Human Biology and Social Inequality, pp. 1-19. , Strickland, S. S. & Shetty, P. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Thienpont, K., Population structure and individual traits: Relations between demographic, sociological and biosocial processes (2001) Bevolking en Gezin, 30 (3), pp. 37-66; Verleye, G., Missing data in linear modeling (1999) KM Journal of the Dutch Statistical Society (Special Issue on Missing Data), 62, pp. 95-110; Verleye, G., Pepermans, R., Despontin, M., Evaluation of 5 approaches that handle missing at random data problems using ML SEM (1998) Assumptions, Robustness, and Estimation Methods in Multivariate Modeling, pp. 111-141. , Hox, J. J. & De Leeuw, E. D. (eds). TT publikaties Amsterdam; Waller, J.H., Achievement and social mobility: Relationships among IQ score, education, and occupation in two generations (1971) Social Biology, 18 (3), pp. 252-259; Walter, H., (1962) Untersuchungen zur Sozialanthropologie der Ruhrbevölkerung, , Munster; West, P., Inequalities? Social class differentials in health in British youth (1988) Social Science and Medicine, 27, pp. 291-296; West, P., Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 32, pp. 373-384 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2442655325&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932003006229&partnerID=40&md5=29c5007609e41c1198707fa13c5bded2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accounting for the social disparity in birth weight: Results from an intergenerational cohort T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 58 IS - 5 SP - 418 EP - 419 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1136/jech.2003.012757 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Spencer, N. AD - School of Health and Social Studies, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom KW - social status KW - adult KW - article KW - birth KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - linear regression analysis KW - maternal welfare KW - occupation KW - pregnancy KW - risk factor KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Maternal Age KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 15082743 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Spencer, N.; School of Health and Social Studies, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; email: n.j.spencer@warwick.ac.uk N1 - References: Kramer, M.S., Séguin, L., Lydon, J., Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: Why do the poor fare so poorly? (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, pp. 194-210; Joffe, M., Social inequalities in low birth weight: Timing of effects and social mobility (1989) Soc Sci Med, 28, pp. 613-619; Morton, S.M., Leon, D.A., De Stavola, B.L., Transgenerational influences on inequalities in size at birth (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, p. 774. , Abstract; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Vagerö, D., Koupilová, I., Leon, D.A., Social determinants of birthweight, ponderal index and gestational age in Sweden in the 1920s and the 1980s (1999) Acta Pediatr Scand, 88, pp. 445-453 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2142704326&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2003.012757&partnerID=40&md5=be730a396cad94a53d3362e79331460e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life course and intergenerational influences on health T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 221 EP - 239 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00552.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Batty, G.D. AU - Morton, S.M.B. AU - Campbell, D. AU - Clark, H. AU - Smith, G.D. AU - Hall, M. AU - Macintyre, S. AU - Leon, D.A. AD - Epidemiology Unit, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., London, United Kingdom AD - Dugald Baird Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - MRC Social and Pub. Hlth. Sci. Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom AD - Epidemiology Unit, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom AB - In this paper we introduce and describe in detail an addition to the UK's population-based resources for the investigation of biological and social influences on health across the life course and between generations: the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study. We also provide an account of postwar Aberdeen when study members were growing up, report on findings of analyses of data from the original survey on which this study is based and its follow-up, assess the strengths and limitations of the study, and outline current and future research directions. This cohort comprises individuals born in Aberdeen, Scotland (UK) between 1950 and 1956, and is derived from 15 thousand subjects who took part in the Aberdeen Child Development Survey, a cross-sectional study of 'mental subnormality' (learning disability) in a population of all children who were attending Aberdeen primary schools in December 1962. Data collection included information on birthweight, gestational age, childhood height and weight, tests of cognition and behavioural disorder, and a range of multilevel socio-economic indicators. In 1998 we began the process of revitalising this cohort (now termed the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study). We have been successful in ascertaining the current vital status and whereabouts of 98.5% of a target population of 12 150 subjects (6276 males, 5874 females) with full baseline data. The large majority (81%) of study participants still reside in Scotland and many (73%) have remained in the Grampian region which incorporates Aberdeen. At the present time, a total of almost 500 subjects are known to have died. Linkages to hospital admissions and other health endpoints captured through the Scottish Morbidity Records system have been completed. This includes an intergenerational linkage to approximately eight thousand deliveries in Scotland occurring to female members of the study population. A postal questionnaire to all traced surviving cohort members has also been distributed. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child KW - child development KW - child health care KW - cognitive defect KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - developmental stage KW - female KW - follow up KW - gestational age KW - hospital admission KW - human KW - learning disorder KW - male KW - mental capacity KW - morbidity KW - questionnaire KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - behavior disorder KW - child development KW - family KW - health status KW - intelligence test KW - mortality KW - population dynamics KW - pregnancy KW - United Kingdom KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child Development KW - Family KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Morbidity KW - Mortality KW - Population Dynamics KW - Pregnancy KW - Scotland KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :68 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 15130162 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leon, D.A.; Epidemiology Unit, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: david.leon@lshtm.ac.uk N1 - References: Reid, D.D., Hamilton, P.J.S., McCartney, P., Rose, G., Jarrett, R.J., Keen, H., Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male civil servants (1974) Lancet, 1, pp. 469-473; Morris, J.N., Heady, J.A., Raffle, P.A.B., Roberts, C.G., Parks, J.W., Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work (1953) Lancet, 2, pp. 1053-1057; Doll, R., Bradford Hill, A., The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits. A preliminary report (1954) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 1451-1455; Dawber, T.R., Meadors, G.F., Moore, F.E., Epidemiological approaches to heart disease: The Framingham study (1951) American Journal of Public Health, 41, pp. 279-286; Labarthe, D.R., (1998) Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, , Gaithersburg, MD, USA: Aspen Publishers, Inc; Yusuf, S., Reddy, S., Ounpuu, S., Anand, S., Global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Part I: General considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization (2001) Circulation, 104, pp. 2746-2753; Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; Godfrey, K., Barker, D., Fetal programming and adult health (2001) Public Health Nutrition, 4, pp. 611-624; Barker, D.J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmonds, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Wield, G.A., The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) British Medical Journal, 306, pp. 422-426; Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vagero, D., Koupilova, I., Mohsen, R., Berglund, L., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29 (1998) British Medical Journal, 317, pp. 241-245; Forsen, T., Eriksson, J.G., Tuomilehto, J., Teramo, K., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Mother's weight in pregnancy and coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men: Follow up study (1997) British Medical Journal, 315, pp. 837-840; Gunnarsdottir, I., Birgisdottir, B.E., Thorsdottir, I., Gudnason, V., Benediktsson, R., Size at birth and coronary artery disease in a population with high birth weight (2002) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76, pp. 1290-1294; Osler, M., Andersen, A.-M., Due, P., Lund, R., Damsgaard, M.T., Holstein, B.E., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; Ben Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 285-293; Kuh, D., Ben Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Lifecourse Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford, UK: Oxford Medical Publications; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Wadsworth, M.E., Follow-up of the first national birth cohort: Findings from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (1987) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 1, pp. 95-117; Wadsworth, M.E., Kuh, D.J., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work from the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 11, pp. 2-20; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History, and Adult Life, , Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 6, pp. 81-110; Smith, K., Joshi, H., The Millennium Cohort Study (2002) Population Trends, 107, pp. 30-34; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births: Vol. 1. The First Week of Life, 1. , London, UK: Wm Heinemann; MacKenzie, H., (1953) The City of Aberdeen. The Third Statistical Account of Scotland, , Edinburgh, UK: Oliver and Boyd; Baird, D., Epidemiology of congenital malformations of the central nervous system in (a) Aberdeen (b) Scotland (1974) Journal of Biosocial Science, 6, pp. 113-137; Baird, D., The epidemiology of low birth weight: Changes in incidence in Aberdeen, 1948-72 (1974) Journal of Biosocial Science, 6, pp. 323-341; Illsley, R., Social class selection and class differences in relation to sillbirths and infant deaths (1955) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 1520-1524; Harris, A.H., Lloyd, M.G., Newlands, D.A., (1988) The Impact of Oil on the Aberdeen Economy, , Aldershot, UK: Avebury; McLaren, G.L., Bain, M.R.S., (1998) Deprivation and Health in Scotland: Insights from NHS Data, , Edinburgh, UK: ISD Scotland Publications; Carr-Hill, R., Pritchard, C., (1992) Women's Social Standing: The Empirical Problem of Female Social Class, , Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Press; Elbourne, D., Pritchard, C., Dauncey, M., Perinatal outcomes and related factors: Social class differences within and between geographical areas (1986) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 40, pp. 301-308; Bodner, C.H., Ross, S., Little, J., Douglas, J.G., Legge, J.S., Friend, J.A.R., Risk factors for adult onset wheeze (1998) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 157, pp. 35-42; MacMahon, B., Sawa, J.M., Physical damage to the fetus in causes of mental disorders: A review of the epidemiological knowledge, 1959 (1961) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 39, pp. 14-83; Thompson, B., Samphier, M., Hall, M.H., The Aberdeen Obstetric Data Bank (1979) Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae (Roma), 28, pp. 375-376; Samphier, M., Thompson, B., Longitudinal studies in Aberdeen, Scotland. B. The Aberdeen maternity and neonatal data bank (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research. An Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 61-65. , Editors: Mednick S, Baert A, Bachmann B. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Illsley, R., Finlayson, A., Thompson, B., The motivation and characteristics of internal migrants. A socio-medical study of young migrants in Scotland. Part I (1963) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 41, pp. 115-144; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, UK: Longman; Puura, K., Almqvist, F., Tamminen, T., Piha, J., Rasanen, E., Kumpulainen, K., Psychiatric disturbances among prepubertal children in southern Finland (1998) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, pp. 310-318; Kumpulainen, K., Rasanen, E., Henttonen, I., The persistence of psychiatric disturbance among children (1997) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, pp. 113-122; Kumpulainen, K., Rasanen, E., Henttonen, I., Moilanen, I., Piha, J., Puura, K., Children's behavioural/emotional problems: A comparison of parents' and teachers' reports for elementary school-aged children (1999) European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 8 (SUPPL. 4), pp. 41-47; Kresanov, K., Tuominen, J., Piha, J., Almqvist, F., Validity of child psychiatric screening methods (1998) European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 7, pp. 85-95; Illsley, R., Wilson, F., Longitudinal studies in Aberdeen, Scotland. C. The Aberdeen child development survey (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research. An Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 66-68. , Editors: Mednick S, Baert A, Bachmann B. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Birch, H.G., Richardson, S.A., Baird, D., Horobin, G., Illsley, R., (1970) Mental Subnormality in the Community: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Study, , Baltimore, MD, USA: Williams & Wilkins Co; Oldman, D., Bytheway, B., Horobin, G., Family structure and educational achievement (1971) Journal of Biosocial Science Supplement 3, pp. 81-91; Illsley, R., Family growth and its effect on the relationship between obstetric factors and child functioning (1967) Social and Genetic Influences on Life and Death, pp. 29-42. , Editors: Platt R, Parks A. Edinburgh, UK: Oliver and Boyd; Illsley, R., A city's schools from equality of input to inequality of outcome (2002) Oxford Review of Education, 28, pp. 427-445; Nisbett, J., Welsh, J., Watt, J., Reading standards in Aberdeen 1962-72 (1974) Educational Research, 16, pp. 172-175; Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard Jr., T., Boykin, A.W., Brody, N., Ceci, S.J., Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns (1996) American Psychologist, 51, pp. 77-101; Östberg, V., Children in classrooms: Peer status, status distribution and mental well-being (2003) Social Science and Medicine, 56, pp. 17-29; Batty, G.D., Leon, D., Rahi, J., Relation of birth weight, gestational age, paternal socio-economic position, and early childhood height to prevalent reduced distant visual acuity in children born in Aberdeen in the 1950s (2001) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55. , Abstract 91; Richardson, S.A., Koller, H., (1996) Twenty-Two Years - Causes and Consequences of Mental Retardation, , Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press; May, D., Hogg, J., Is there a 'hidden' population of adults with intellectual disabilities? Evidence from a follow-up study (1999) Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 12, pp. 177-189; May, D., Hogg, J., Continuity and change in the use of residential services by adults with intellectual disability: The Aberdeen cohort at mid-life (2000) Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 44 (PART 1), pp. 68-80; May, D., Hogg, J., (1997) Experiencing Adulthood: Age Related Needs and Quality of Life of People with Learning Disabilities and Their Carers, , Dundee, UK: University of Dundee, Departments of Psychiatry and Social Work; Dawson, B., Horobin, G., Illsley, R., Mitchell, R., A survey of childhood asthma in Aberdeen (1969) Lancet, 1, pp. 827-830; Ross, S., Godden, D., McMurray, D., Social effects of wheeze in childhood: A 25 year follow up (1992) British Medical Journal, 305, pp. 545-548; Godden, D.J., Ross, S., Abdalla, M., McMurray, D., Douglas, A., Oldman, D., Outcome of wheeze in childhood. Symptoms and pulmonary function 25 years later (1994) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 149, pp. 106-112; Christie, G.L., Helms, P.J., Godden, D.J., Ross, S.J., Friend, J.A., Legge, J.S., Asthma, wheezy bronchitis, and atopy across two generations (1999) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 159, pp. 125-129; Christie, G.L., Helms, P.J., Ross, S.J., Godden, D.J., Friend, J.A., Legge, J.S., Outcome of children of parents with atopic asthma and transient childhood wheezy bronchitis (1997) Thorax, 52, pp. 953-957; Bodner, C., Ross, S., Douglas, G., The prevalence of adult onset wheeze: Longitudinal study (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 792-793; Bodner, C.H., Ross, S., Little, J., Douglas, J.G., Legge, J.S., Friend, J.A., Risk factors for adult onset wheeze: A case control study (1998) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 157, pp. 35-42; Bodner, C., Godden, D., Brown, K., Little, J., Ross, S., Seaton, A., Antioxidant intake and adult-onset wheeze: A case-control study (1999) European Respiratory Journal, 13, pp. 22-30. , Aberdeen WHEASE study group; Bodner, C., Godden, D., Ross, S., Little, J., Douglas, J.G., Legge, J., Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and adult onset wheeze: The influence of atopy (1999) European Respiratory Journal, 14, pp. 335-338; Bodner, C., Anderson, W.J., Reid, T.S., Godden, D.J., Childhood exposure to infection and risk of adult onset wheeze and atopy (2000) Thorax, 55, pp. 383-387; Ninan, T.K., Russell, G., Respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren: Evidence from two surveys 25 years apart (1992) British Medical Journal, 304, pp. 873-875; Neligan, G., Prudham, D., Steiner, H., (1974) The Formative Years, , London, UK: Oxford University Press; Macfarlane, A., Mugford, M., (2000) Birth Counts. Statistics of Pregnancy and Childbirth, 1. , London, UK: HMSO; Batty, G.D., Leon, D., Socio-economic position and coronary heart disease risk factors in children and young people. Evidence from UK epidemiological studies (2002) European Journal of Public Health, 12, pp. 263-272; Grove, W.M., Andreasen, N.C., McDonald-Scott, P., Keller, M.B., Shapiro, R.W., Reliability studies of psychiatric diagnosis. Theory and practice (1981) Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, pp. 408-413; Kramer, R.A., Allen, L., Gergen, P.J., Health and social characteristics and children's cognitive functioning: Results from a national cohort (1995) American Journal of Public Health, 85, pp. 312-318; Neligan, G., Prudham, D., Family factors affecting child development (1976) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 51, pp. 853-858; Hutchinson, D., Prosser, H., Wedge, P., Prediction of educational failure (1979) Educational Studies, 5, pp. 73-82; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A sytematic review (1999) International Journal of Obesity, 23 (SUPPL. 8), pp. S1-S107; MacKenzie, H., (1953) The City of Aberdeen, , Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Hutchison, H.M., (1949) Depopulation and Rural Life in Scotland, , London, UK: Central Office of Information; (1959) Report on Vital Statistics, , Dublin: The Stationery Office; Leon, D.A., Strachan, D.P., Socioeconomic characteristics of interregional migrants in England and Wales, 1939-1971 (1993) Environment and Planning A, 25, pp. 1441-1451; Strachan, D.P., Leon, D.A., Dodgeon, B., Mortality from cardiovascular disease among interregional migrants in England and Wales (1995) British Medical Journal, 310, pp. 423-427; Owen, D., Green, A., Migration patterns and trends (1992) Migration Processes and Patterns: Volume 2 - Population Redistribution in the United Kingdom, 2, pp. 28-55. , Editors: Stillwell J, Rees P, Boden P. London, UK: Belhaven Press; Douglas, J., Blonfield, J., (1958) Children under Five, , London, UK: Allen & Unwin; Johnson, R.C., Honbo, K.A., Nagoshi, C.T., Characteristics of emigrants from Hawaii (1989) Journal of Biosocial Science, 21, pp. 453-459; Hattersley, L., Creeser, R., (1995) Longitudinal Study 1971-91, , London, UK: HMSO; Shapiro, H., (1939) Migration and Environment, , London, UK: Oxford University Press; Illsley, R., Finlayson, A., Thompson, B., The motivation and characteristics of young migrants. Part II. Other characteristics of migrants (1963) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 41, pp. 217-248; (1953) Social Implications of the 1947 Scottish Mental Survey, , London, UK: University Press; Barker, D.J., Early growth and cardiovascular disease (1999) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 80, pp. 305-307; Morton, S.M.B., De Stavola, B.L., Leon, D.A., The 'missing links' - Bias in identifying reproducers in an intergenerational study (2002) International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 61 (SUPPL. 1), p. 70; Heasman, M.A., Scottish Consultant Review of in-Patient Statistics (SCRIPS) (1970) Scottish Medical Journal, 15, pp. 386-390; Heasman, M.A., Clarke, J.A., Medical record linkage in Scotland (1979) Health Bulletin (Edinburgh), 37, pp. 97-103; Information and Statistics Division: National Data Sets, , http://www.showscot.nhs.uk/isd/isd_services/aboutisd/ aboutisd_nds_activity_patient.htm; Leon, D.A., Commentary: Getting to grips with fetal programming-aspects of a rapidly evolving agenda (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 96-98; Dengler, R., Roberts, H., Rushton, L., Lifestyle surveys - The complete answer? (1997) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 51, pp. 46-51; (1956) Census 1951. Scotland. Volume IV. Occupations and Industries, 4; Morton, S., Leon, D., De Stavola, B.L., Transgenerational influences of inequalities in size at birth (2000) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, p. 774; Morton, S., Leon, D., De Stavola, B.L., Campbell, D.M., Hall, M.H., Clark, H., Does maternal birth weight mediate the intergenerational continuities in hypertension in pregnancy? (2001) Pediatric Research, 50 (SUPPL. 1), p. 91. , 9/2; Morton, S.M.B., (2002) Life Course Determinants of Offspring Size at Birth: An Intergenerational Study of Aberdeen Women, , PhD Thesis. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London); Rich-Edwards, J., A life course approach to women's reproductive health (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 23-43. , Editors: Kuh D, Hardy R. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Pavlik, V.N., De Moraes, S.A., Szklo, M., Knopman, D.S., Mosley Jr., T.H., Hyman, D.J., Relation between cognitive function and mortality in middle-aged adults: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study (2003) American Journal of Epidemiology, 157, pp. 327-334; Deeg, D.J., Hofman, A., Van Zonneveld, R.J., The association between change in cognitive function and longevity in Dutch elderly (1990) American Journal of Epidemiology, 132, pp. 973-982; Siegler, I.C., The terminal drop hypothesis: Fact or artifact? (1975) Experimental Aging Research, 1, pp. 169-185; Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76 (2001) British Medical Journal, 322, p. 819; Deary, I., Whiteman, M., Starr, J., Whalley, L., Fox, H., The impact of childhood intelligence on later life: Following up the Scottish mental surveys of 1932 and 1947 (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, pp. 130-147; (1933) The Intelligence of Scottish School Children: A National Survey of an Age Group, , London, UK: University of London Press; Batty, G.D., Clark, H., Morton, S.M.B., MacIntyre, S., Leon, D.A., Intelligence in childhood and mortality, migration, questionnaire response rate, and self-reported morbidity and risk factor levels in adulthood - Preliminary findings from the Aberdeen 'Children of the 1950s' study (2002) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56 (SUPPL. II), pp. A1; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish mental survey 1932 (2001) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 85, pp. 189-196; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) British Medical Journal, 322, pp. 199-203; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 342-348; Batty, G.D., Morton, S., MacIntyre, S., Leon, D.A., Size at birth and cardiovascular disease mortality: Evidence from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study (2003) Pediatric Research (Supplement), 53, pp. 21A. , (presented at the Second World Congress on the Foetal Origins of Adult Disease. Brighton, UK, 2003): (no. P218); (1951) Classification of Occupations (1950), , London, UK: HMSO; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S.J., Nanchahal, K., Peters, T.J., Davey Smith, G., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-year follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67, pp. 1111-1118 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042745561&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.2004.00552.x&partnerID=40&md5=b50a85185561f9c6753093a1d653e66a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child well-being and neighbourhood quality: Evidence from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 58 IS - 10 SP - 1917 EP - 1927 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.007 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Curtis, L.J. AU - Dooley, M.D. AU - Phipps, S.A. AD - Dept. of Comm. Hlth. and Epidemiol., Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada AD - Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4M4, Canada AD - Department of Economics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada AB - In this paper, we use the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth data to examine the links between child well-being and neighbourhood 'quality.' This study adds to the literature by (i) investigating the relationship between neighbourhood quality and child health, (ii) by utilizing subjective assessments by individuals familiar with the neighbourhood (i.e., the survey respondent and interviewer), and (iii) by utilizing multiple assessments of neighbourhood quality, and (iv) by investigating several measures of health. Other work has found that controlling for family level characteristics reduces or eliminates the apparent association between neighbourhood quality and health. We find, measuring both child well-being and neighbourhood quality multi-dimensionally, that even after controlling for family level characteristics neighbourhood quality has strong associations with child well-being. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Canada KW - Child health KW - Child well-being KW - Neighbourhood KW - Socio-economic status KW - child health KW - health impact KW - neighborhood KW - socioeconomic status KW - article KW - Canada KW - child KW - child health KW - controlled study KW - family KW - health survey KW - human KW - human experiment KW - infant KW - interview KW - measurement KW - qualitative analysis KW - social environment KW - wellbeing KW - Adult KW - Canada KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child Welfare KW - Child, Preschool KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Interviews KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Social Environment KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sociology, Medical KW - Canada KW - North America N1 - Cited By :59 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 15020008 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Curtis, L.J.; Dept. of Comm. Hlth. and Epidemiol., Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada; email: lori.curtis@dal.ca N1 - References: Boyle, M., Lipman, E., Do places matter? Socioeconomic disadvantage and behavioral problems of children in Canada (2002) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70 (2), pp. 378-389; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G., Klebanov, P., Sealand, N., Do neighbourhoods influence child and adolescent development? (1993) American Journal of Sociology, 99 (2), pp. 353-395; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Aber, J.L., (1997) Neighborhood Poverty, 1-2. , Russell Sage Foundation: New York; Bruin, M.J., Cook, C.C., Understanding constraints and residential satisfaction among low-income single-parent families (1997) Environment and Behaviour, 29 (4), pp. 532-553; Buck, N., Identifying neighbourhood effects on social exclusion (2001) Urban Studies, 38 (12), pp. 2251-2275; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Gordon, R.A., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Neighborhood and family influences on the intellectual and behavioral competence of preschool and school-age children (1997) Neighborhood Poverty, 1. , J. Brooks-Gunn, G.J. Duncan, Aber J.L. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Curtis, L.J., Dooley, M.D., Lipman, E.L., Feeny, D.H., The role of permanent income and family structure in the determination of child health in the Ontario child health study (2001) Health Economics, 10, pp. 287-302; Dooley, M., Curtis, L., (1998) Child Health and Family Socioeconomic Status in the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, , Working paper, McMaster University; Dooley, M., Curtis, L., Lipman, E.L., Feeny, D.H., Child psychiatric disorders, poor school performance and social problems: The roles of family structure and low income in cycle one of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (1998) Labour Markets, Social Institutions, and the Future of Canada's Children, , M. Corak (Ed.), Catalogue Number 89-553-XPB. Statistics Canada (Chapter 7); Duncan, G.J., Boisjoly, J., Harris, K.M., Sibling, peer, neighbor, and schoolmate correlations as indicators of the importance of context for adolescent development (2001) Demography, 38 (3), pp. 437-447; Eamon, M.K., Poverty, parenting, peer, and neighborhood influences on adolescent antisocial behavior (2001) Journal of Social Service Research, 28 (1), pp. 1-23; Ellaway, A., Macintyre, S., Kearns, A., Perceptions of place and health in socially contrasting neighbourhoods (2001) Urban Studies, 38 (12), pp. 2299-2316; Ellen, I.G., Turner, M.A., Does neighborhood matter? Assessing recent evidence (1997) Housing Policy Debate, 8 (4), pp. 833-866; Ennett, S.T., Flewlling, R.L., Lindrooth, R.C., Norton, E.C., School and neighborhood characteristics associated with school rates of alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use (1997) Journal of Health and Human Behavior, 38, pp. 55-71; Ginther, D., Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., Neighbourhood attributes as determinants of children's outcomes (2000) Journal of Human Resources, 35 (4), pp. 603-642; Holady, B., Swan, J.H., Turner-Henson, A., Images of the neighborhood and activity patterns of chronically III school-age children (1997) Environment and Behavior, 29 (3), pp. 348-373; Jencks, C., Mayer, S.E., The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighbourhood (1990) Inner-city Poverty in the United States, , L.E. Jr. Lynn, & M.G.H. McGeary. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Kohen, D., Hertzman, C., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1998) Neighbourhood Influences on Children's School Readiness, , Working paper W-98-15E, Strategic Policy, Applied Research Branch, Human Resources Development Canada; Lee, R.E., Cubbin, C., Neighborhood context and youth cardiovascular health behaviors (2002) American Journal of Public Health, 92 (3), pp. 428-12436; Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., Neighbourhood cohesion and health in socially contrasting neighbourhoods: Implications for the social exclusion and public health agendas (2000) Health Bulletin, 60 (6), pp. 450-456; Mayer, C.J., Does location matter? (1996) New England Economic Review, May/June, pp. 26-40; McCulloch, A., Joshi, H.E., Neighbourhood and family influences on cognitive abilities of children in the British national child development study (2001) Social Science & Medicine, 53, pp. 579-591; Paquet, B., (2001) Low Income Cut Offs from 1990 to 1999 and Low Income Measures from 1989 to 1998, , Income Statistics Division, Statistics Canada No. 75F0002MEI-00017; Sampson, R.J., Linking the microlevel and macrolevel dimensions of community social-organization (1991) Social Forces, 70 (1), pp. 43-64; Sampson, R.J., Raudenbush, S.W., Earls, F., Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy (1997) Science, 277, pp. 918-924; (1995) National Longitudinal Survey of Children: Overview of Survey Instruments for 1994-1995, Data Collection, Cycle 1, , Ministry of Industry, Ottawa; To, T., Cadarett, S.M., Liu, Y., Child care arrangement and preschool development (2000) Canadian Journal of Public Health, 91 (6), pp. 418-422; To, T., Cadarett, S.M., Liu, Y., Biological, social and environmental correlates of preschool development (2001) Child Care, Health and Development, 27 (2), pp. 187-200 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542268906&doi=10.1016%2fj.socscimed.2003.08.007&partnerID=40&md5=725e70e09a90f20a81327cb21f8d6cfc ER - TY - JOUR TI - An intergenerational study of birthweight: Investigating the birth order effect T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 111 IS - 4 SP - 377 EP - 379 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00089.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Power, C. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - In a two-generation study of the nationwide 1958 British cohort and their offspring, we investigated the intergenerational influence of birth order on birthweight. Despite increases in own birthweight by birth order and a positive parent-offspring correlation in birthweights, there was a suggestion that parental birth order was inversely associated with offspring birthweight. This paradoxical finding was due to differential intergenerational birthweight associations, with a weaker association in later-born compared with first-born parents. Our findings suggest that underlying causes of a given birthweight should be taken into account in studies that investigate long term health outcomes. KW - adult KW - article KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - controlled study KW - father child relation KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - mother child relation KW - newborn KW - normal human KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - United Kingdom KW - body mass KW - cohort analysis KW - genetics KW - gestational age KW - smoking KW - Birth Order KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BIOGF C2 - 15008776 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hyppönen, E.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull World Health Organ, 65, pp. 663-737; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., Intergenerational studies of human birth weight from the 1958 birth cohort. 1: Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 99, pp. 67-74; Ounsted, M., Scott, A., Ounsted, C., Transmission through the female line of a mechanism constraining human fetal growth (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 143-151; Price, K.C., Shibley Hyde, J., Coe, C.L., Matrilineal transmission of birth weight in the Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) across several generations (1999) Obstet Gynecol, 94, pp. 128-134; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Hyppönen, E., Power, C., Davey Smith, G., Parental growth at different life stages and offspring birthweight - An intergenerational cohort study (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, , In press; Barker, D., (1998) Mothers, Babies, and Health in Later Life, , London: Churchill Livingstone UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18844481096&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2004.00089.x&partnerID=40&md5=894a3a942f4efeef7f60a94a1e9477a1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stability of body mass index in Australian children: A prospective cohort study across the middle childhood years T2 - Public Health Nutrition J2 - Public Health Nutr. VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 303 EP - 309 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1079/PHN2003537 SN - 13689800 (ISSN) AU - Hesketh, K. AU - Wake, M. AU - Waters, E. AU - Carlin, J. AU - Crawford, D. AD - Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia AD - Clin. Epidemiol./Biostatist. Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia AD - Ctr. for Phys. Activ. and Nutr. Res., School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia AB - Objective: To investigate the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity, the frequency of overweight resolution and the influence of parental adiposity during middle childhood. Design: As part of a prospective cohort study, height and weight were measured in 1997 and 2000/2001. Children were classified as non-overweight, overweight or obese based on standard international definitions. Body mass index (BMI) was transformed into age- and gender-specific Z-scores employing the LMS method and 2000 growth chart data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Parents self-reported height and weight, and were classified as underweight, healthy weight, overweight or obese based on World Health Organization definitions. Setting: Primary schools in Victoria, Australia. Subjects: In total, 1438 children aged 5-10 years at baseline. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased between baseline (15.0 and 4.3%, respectively) and follow-up (19.7 and 4.8%, respectively; P < 0.001 for increase in overweight and obesity combined). There were 140 incident cases of overweight (9.7% of the cohort) and 24 of obesity (1.7% of the cohort); only 3.8% of the cohort (19.8% of overweight/ obese children) resolved to a healthy weight. The stability of child adiposity as measured by BMI category (84.8% remained in the same category) and BMI Z-score (r = 0.84; mean change = -0.05) was extremely high. Mean change in BMI Z-score decreased with age (linear trend β = 0.03, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.05). The influence of parental adiposity largely disappeared when children's baseline BMI was adjusted for. Conclusions: During middle childhood, the incidence of overweight/obesity exceeds the proportion of children resolving to non-overweight. However, for most children adiposity remains stable, and stability appears to increase with age. Prevention strategies targeting children in early childhood are required. KW - Adiposity KW - Body mass index KW - Children KW - Longitudinal study KW - Tracking KW - age KW - analytic method KW - article KW - Australia KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child KW - childhood KW - female KW - growth chart KW - growth curve KW - human KW - LMS method KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - monitoring KW - normal human KW - obesity KW - parent KW - preventive medicine KW - priority journal KW - scoring system KW - weight reduction KW - z score KW - Age Distribution KW - Australia KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Prevalence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Sex Distribution KW - Victoria N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PHNUF C2 - 15003138 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hesketh, K.; Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia; email: kylie.hesketh@mcri.edu.au N1 - References: (1998) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, , Geneva: WHO; Wake, M., Salmon, L., Waters, E., Wright, M., Hesketh, K., Parent-reported health status of overweight and obese Australian primary school children: A cross-sectional population survey (2002) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26, pp. 717-724; Young-Hyman, D., Herman, L.J., Scott, D.L., Schlundt, D.G., Care giver perception of children's obesity-related health risk: A study of African American families (2000) Obesity Research, 8, pp. 241-248; Jain, A., Sherman, S.N., Chamberlin, D.L., Carter, Y., Powers, S.W., Whitaker, R.C., Why don't low-income mothers worry about their preschoolers being overweight? (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 1138-1146; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 23 (SUPPL. 8), pp. S1-S107; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Preventive Medicine, 22, pp. 167-177; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 77, pp. 376-381; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) New England Journal of Medicine, 337, pp. 869-873; Sugimori, H., Yoshida, K., Miyakawa, M., Izuno, T., Takahashi, E., Nanri, S., Temporal course of the development of obesity in Japanese school children: A cohort study based on the Keio Study (1999) Journal of Pediatrics, 134, pp. 749-754; Kelly, J.L., Stanton, W.R., McGee, R., Silva, P.A., Tracking relative weight in subjects studied longitudinally from ages 3 to 13 years (1992) Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 28, pp. 158-161; Angelico, F., Del Ben, M., Barbato, A., Pannozzo, F., Volpe, R., Urbinati, G., Eleven-year tracking of established cardiovascular risk factors in Italian school-aged children (1997) Annali di Igiene, 9, pp. 193-200; Katzmarzyk, P.T., Perusse, L., Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C., Seven-year stability of indicators of obesity and adipose tissue distribution in the Canadian population (1999) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, pp. 1123-1129; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 22, pp. 758-764; Mo-Suwan, L., Tongkumchum, P., Puetpaiboon, A., Determinants of overweight tracking from childhood to adolescence: A 5y follow-up study of Hat Yai schoolchildren (2000) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 24, pp. 1642-1647; Booth, M.L., Wake, M., Armstrong, T., Chey, T., Hesketh, K., Mathur, S., The epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-97 (2001) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25, pp. 162-169; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) British Medical Journal, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Cole, T.J., Green, P.J., Smoothing reference centile curves: The LMS method and penalized likelihood (1992) Statistics in Medicine, 11, pp. 1305-1319; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Flegal, K.M., Guo, S.S., Wei, R., (2000) CDC Growth Charts: United States, , Advanced Data from Vital and Health Statistics No. 314. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; Hayes, R.J., Methods for assessing whether change depends on initial value (1998) Statistics in Medicine, 7, pp. 915-927; Booth, M., Chey, T., Wake, M., Norton, K., Hesketh, K., Dollman, J., Change in prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Australians, 1969-1997 (2003) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77, pp. 29-36; Rudolf, M.C., Sahota, P., Barth, J.H., Walker, J., Increasing prevalence of obesity in primary school children: Cohort study (2001) British Medical Journal, 322, pp. 1094-1095; Summerbell, C.D., Ashton, V., Campbell, K.J., Edmunds, L., Kelly, S., Waters, E., Interventions for treating obesity in children [Cochrane Review] (2003) The Cochrane Library, (3). , Oxford: Update Software UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1842578404&doi=10.1079%2fPHN2003537&partnerID=40&md5=9982ccfa5a5aac7fd3fc3b45152800de ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality in patients with epilepsy T2 - Current Opinion in Neurology J2 - Curr. Opin. Neurol. VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 141 EP - 146 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1097/00019052-200404000-00010 SN - 13507540 (ISSN) AU - Jallon, P. AD - Epilepsy Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland AD - Epilepsy Unit, Geneva University Hospital, CH.1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland AB - Purpose of review: Prospective and retrospective incidence cohort studies have been consistent in identifying an increased mortality in patients with epilepsy, although risk ratios vary considerably. Standardized mortality ratios in these populations range from 1.6 to 5.3, but they tend to be higher in studies in selected populations. Recent findings: A few studies have addressed the mortality rate in patients after epilepsy surgery. Mortality seemed to be lower for surgery than for non-surgery patients. The main factors contributing to the late mortality rate in this population are the persistence of seizures after surgery, the long duration of epilepsy before surgery, and the side of the resection. Despite recent improvements in diagnosis and therapeutic management, status epilepticus is still associated with significant mortality, with a case fatality reaching 39%. Early patient management could influence the outcome of status epilepticus. Reports on suicide in epilepsy are based on small samples from different populations, highly selected groups of patients, using different methods of analysis. The rates vary from zero to 25%, and seem to be related more to a psychiatric co-morbidity than the severity of epilepsy. Sudden unexplained death is considered to be the most frequent epilepsy-related death. Clinical and experimental evidence supports the theory that sudden unexplained death is a recent seizure-mediated event with ictal stimulation of the autonomic system. Summary: In some situations, the increased risk of death could be prevented by a better definition of populations at increased risk, better therapeutic management, and adequate neurological follow-up. © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. KW - Epilepsy KW - Mortality KW - Status epilepticus KW - Sudden death KW - Suicide KW - Surgery KW - adult KW - autonomic nervous system KW - child KW - comorbidity KW - epilepsy KW - epileptic state KW - fatality KW - high risk patient KW - human KW - incidence KW - mortality KW - outcomes research KW - prospective study KW - retrospective study KW - review KW - seizure KW - sudden death KW - suicide KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cause of Death KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Death, Sudden KW - Epilepsy KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Postoperative Complications KW - Prospective Studies KW - Psychosurgery KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Status Epilepticus KW - Suicide KW - Survival Analysis N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CONEE C2 - 15021240 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jallon, P.; Epilepsy Unit, Geneva University Hospital, CH.1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; email: pierre.jallon@hcuge.ch N1 - References: Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J., Elveback, L., Mortality in patients with epilepsy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 399-412; Cockerell, O.C., The mortality of epilepsy (1996) Curr Opin Neurol, 9, pp. 93-96; Tomson, T., Mortality studies in epilepsy (2003) Prognosis of Epilepsies, pp. 12-21. , Jallon P, Berg A, Dulac O, Hauser A, editors. Paris: John Libbey; Shackleton, D.P., Westendorp, R.G., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite, D.G.A., Survival of patients with epilepsy: An estimate of the mortality risk (2002) Epilepsia, 43, pp. 445-450; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, J.F., Shirts, S.B., Heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with epilepsy (1984) Epilepsia, 25, pp. 699-704; Lhatoo, S.M., Johnson, A.L., Goodridge, D.M., Mortality in epilepsy in the first 11 to 14 years after diagnosis: Multivariate analysis of a long-term, prospective, population-based cohort (2001) Ann Neurol, 49, pp. 336-344; Olafsson, E., Hauser, W.A., Gudmundsson, G., Long-term survival of people with unprovoked seizures: A population-based study (1998) Epilepsia, 39, pp. 89-92; Lindsten, H., Nyström, L., Forsgren, L., Mortality in an adult cohort with newly diagnosed unprovoked unprovoked epileptic seizure: A population-based study (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 1469-1473; Loiseau, J., Picot, M.-C., Loiseau, P., Short-term mortality after a first epileptic seizure: A population-based study (1999) Epilepsia, 40, pp. 1388-1393; Jallon, P., Landry, J.S., Long term prognosis of first epileptic seizures: EPIGEN study (2003) Prognosis of Epilepsies, pp. 44-54. , Jallon P, Berg A, Dulac O, Hauser A, editors. Paris: John Libbey; Morgan, C.L., Kerr, M., Epilepsy and mortality: A record linkage study in a UK population (2002) Epilepsia, 43, pp. 1251-1255; Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Veugelers, P.J., Death in children with epilepsy: A population-based study (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1891-1895; Nilsson, L., Tomson, T., Farahmand, B., Cause-specific mortality in epilepsy: A cohort study of more than 9000 patients once hospitalized for epilepsy (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 1062-1068; Shackleton, D.P., Westendorp, R.G.J., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite, D.G.A., Vandenbroucke, J.P., Mortality in patients with epilepsy: 40 years of follow up in a Dutch cohort study (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 66, pp. 636-640; Sillanpää, M., Long-term prognosis in Finnish childhood-onset epilepsy (2003) Prognosis of Epilepsies, pp. 127-134. , Jallon P, Berg A, Dulac O, Hauser A, editors. Paris: John Libbey; Arts, W.F.M., The Dutch study of epilepsy in childhood (2003) Prognosis of Epilepsies, pp. 101-112. , Jallon P, Berg A, Dulac O, Hauser A, editors. Paris: John Libbey; Carpio, A., The Ecuadorian study of prognosis of epilepsy (2003) Prognosis of Epilepsies, pp. 85-101. , Jallon P, Berg A, Dulac O, Hauser A, editors. Paris: John Libbey; Hennessy, M.J., Langan, Y., Elwes, R.D.C., A study of mortality after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery (1999) Neurology, 53, pp. 1276-1283; Salanova, V., Markand, O., Worth, R., Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: Outcome, complications, and late mortality rate in 215 patients (2002) Epilepsia, 43, pp. 170-174; Nilsson, L., Ahlbom, A., Frahmand, B., Tomson, T., Mortality in a population-based cohort of epilepsy surgery patients (2003) Epilepsia, 44, pp. 575-581; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British National Child Development Study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-342; Strauss, D.J., Day, S.M., Shavelle, R.M., Wu, Y.W., Remote symptomatic epilepsy. Does seizure severity increase mortality? (2003) Neurology, 60, pp. 395-399; Vickrey, B., Mortality in a consecutive cohort of 248 adolescents and adults who underwent diagnostic evaluation for epilepsy surgery (1997) Epilepsia, 38 (11 SUPPL.), pp. S67-S69; Sperling, M.R., Feldman, H., Kinman, J., Seizure control and mortality in epilepsy (1999) Ann Neurol, 46, pp. 45-50; Outin, H., Thomas, P., P of convulsive status epilepticus (2003) Prognosis of Epilepsies, pp. 300-310. , Jallon P, Berg A, Dulac O, Hauser A, editors. Paris: John Libbey; Logroscino, G., Hesdorffer, D.C., Cascino, G.D., Long-term mortality after a first episode of status epilepticus (2002) Neurology, 58, pp. 537-541; Claasen, J., Lokin, J.K., Fitzsimmons, B.F., Predictors of functional disability and mortality after status epilepticus (2002) Neurology, 58, pp. 139-142; Allredge, B.K., Gelb, A.M., Isaacs, S.M., A comparison of lorazepam, diazepam and placebo for the treatment of out-of-hospital status epilepticus (2001) N Engl J Med, 345, pp. 631-637; Shinnar, S., Pellock, J.M., Berg, A., Short term outcome of children with febrile status epilepticus (2001) Epilepsia, 42, pp. 47-53; Coeytaux, A., Jallon, P., Galobardes, B., Morabia, A., Incidence of status epilepticus in French speaking Switzerland (EPISTAR) (2000) Neurology, 55, pp. 693-697; Waterhouse, E.J., Garnett, L.K., Towne, A.R., Prospective population based study of intermittent and continuous convulsive status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia (1999) Epilepsia, 40, pp. 752-758; Treiman, D.M., Meyers, P.D., Walton, N.Y., A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus (1998) N Engl J Med, 339, pp. 792-798. , Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group; Logroscino, G., Hesdorffer, D.C., Cascino, G., Short-term mortality after a first episode of status epilepticus (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 1344-1349; De Lorenzo, R.J., Hauser, W.A., Towne, A.R., A prospective population-based epidemiological study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia (1996) Neurology, 46, pp. 1029-1035; Garzon, E., Fernandes, R.M.F., Sakamoto, A.C., Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in human status epilepticus (2003) Seizure, 12, pp. 337-345; Wu, Y.W., Shek, D.W., Garcia, P.A., Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California (2002) Neurology, 58, pp. 1070-1076; Vignatelli, L., Tonon, C., D'Alessandro, R., Incidence and short-term prognosis of status epilepticus in adults in Bologna, Italy (2003) Epilepsia, 44, pp. 964-968; Barraclough, B.M., The suicide rate of epilepsy (1987) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 76, pp. 339-345; Nilsson, L., Ahlbom, A., Farahmand, B.Y., Risk factors for suicide in epilepsy: A case control study (2002) Epilepsia, 43, pp. 644-651; Cockerell, O.C., Johnson, A.L., Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., Prognosis of epilepsy: A review and further analysis of the first nine years of the British National General Practice Study of Epilepsy, a prospective population-based study (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 31-46; Blumer, D., Montouris, G., Davies, K., Suicide in epilepsy: Psychopathology, pathogenesis, and prevention (2002) Epilepsy Behav, 3, pp. 232-241; Klenerman, P., Sander, J.W.A.S., Shorvon, S.D., Mortality in patients with epilepsy: A study of patients in long term residential care (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 56, pp. 149-152; Fukuchi, T., Kanemoto, K., Kato, M., Death in epilepsy with special attention to suicide cases (2002) Epilepsy Res, 51, pp. 233-236; Ficker, D.M., So, E.L., Shen, W.K., Population-based study of the incidence of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (1998) Neurology, 51, pp. 1270-1274; O'Donoghue, M.F., Sander, J.W., The mortality associated with epilepsy, with particular reference to sudden unexpected death: A review (1997) Epilepsia, 38 (SUPPL.), pp. S15-S19; Nashef, L., Fish, D.R., Garner, S., Sudden death in epilepsy: A study of incidence in a young cohort with epilepsy and learning difficulty (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 1187-1194; Nilsson, L., Farahmand, B.Y., Persson, P.G., Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A case-control study (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 888-893; Walczak, T.S., Leppik, I.E., D'Amelio, M., Incidence and risk factors in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A prospective cohort study (2001) Neurology, 56, pp. 519-525; Thom, M., Seetah, S., Sisodiya, S., Sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): Evidence of acute neuronal injury using HSP-70 and c-Jun immunochemistry (2003) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 29, pp. 132-143; Rocamora, R., Kurthen, M., Lickfett, L., Cardiac asystole in epilepsy: Clinical and neurophysiologic features (2003) Epilepsia, 44, pp. 179-185; Tigaran, S., Molgard, H., McClelland, R., Evidence of cardiac ischemia during seizures in drug refractory epilepsy patients (2003) Neurology, 60, pp. 492-495 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1842610569&doi=10.1097%2f00019052-200404000-00010&partnerID=40&md5=3fcf06eeb14b3fbe029115617709b46e ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pre-adult influences on cardiovascular disease T2 - A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology J2 - A Life Course Approach to Chronic Dis. Epidemiol. PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198578154.003.0003 SN - 9780191724039 (ISBN); 9780198578154 (ISBN) AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Ben-Shlomo, Y. AU - Leon, D.A. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom AB - A growing body of research has highlighted the potential role of pre-adult influences that may operate through different life course models. Until recently, much of this evidence has been relatively weak and indirect, using either ecological or proxy measures, such as adult height. However, prospective and cohort studies have provided more rigorous evidence to test associations between circumstances and outcomes several decades apart. This chapter reviews this evidence in terms of its association with coronary heart disease and stroke. © Oxford University Press 2004. All rights reserved. KW - Cardiovascular disease KW - Coronary heart disease KW - Early life KW - Life course KW - Stroke PB - Oxford University Press N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Book Chapter DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of BristolUnited Kingdom N1 - References: ONS 20th Century Mortality (England and Wales 1901-1999); (2000) The World Health Report 2000. Health systems: improving performance, , Geneva: World Health Organization; Elo, I.T., Preston, S.H., Effects of early-life conditions on adult mortality; a review (1992) Pop Ind, 58, pp. 186-212; Marmot, M., Elliott, P., (1992) Coronary heart disease epidemiology: from aetiology to public health, , Oxford; Oxford University Press; Magnus, P., Beaglehole, R., The real contribution of the major risk factors to the coronary epidemics: time to end the "only-50%" myth (2001) Arch Intern Med, 161, pp. 2657-2660; Beaglehole, R., Magnus, P., The search for new risk factors for coronary heart disease: occupational therapy for epidemiologists? (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 1117-1122; Enos, M.W., Holmes, L.C.R., Beyer, C.J., Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea (1953) J Am Med Assoc, 152, pp. 1090-1093; McNamara, J.J., Molot, M.A., Stremple, J.F., Cutting, R.T., Coronary artery disease in combat casualties in Vietnam (1971) J Am Med Assoc, 216, pp. 1185-1187; Strong, J.P., Malcom, G.T., McMahan, C.A., Tracey, R.E., Newman, W.P., Herderick, E.E., Prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults. Implications for prevention from the pathobiological determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study (1999) J Am Med Assoc, 281, pp. 727-735; Ebbeling, C.B., Pawlak, D.B., Ludwig, D.S., Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 473-481; McCarthy, H.D., Ellis, S.M., Cole, T.J., Central overweight and obesity in British youth aged 11-16 years; cross sectional surveys of waist circumference (2003) Br Med J, 326, p. 624; Freedman, D.S., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. 1175-1182; Tounian, P., Aggoun, Y., Dubern, B., Varille, V., Guy-Grand, B., Sidi, D., Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children: a prospective study (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 1400-1404; Fagot-Campagna, A., Pettitt, D.J., Engelgau, M.M., Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review and a public health perspective (2000) J Pediat, 136, pp. 664-672; Collins, R., Peto, R., MacMahon, S., Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 827-838; Andersson, O.K., Almgren, T., Persson, B., Samuelsson, O., Hedner, T., Wilhelmsen, L., Survival in treated hypertension: follow up study after two decades (1998) Br Med J, 317, pp. 167-171; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology; conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The imprint of time: childhood, history and adult life, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Winter, P.D., Fall, C.H., Simmonds, S.J., Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women (1993) Br Med J, 307, pp. 1519-1524; Forsdahl, A., Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br J Prev Soc Med, 31, pp. 91-95; Williams, D.R.R., Roberts, S.J., Davies, T.W., Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales (1979) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 33, pp. 199-202; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 1077-1081; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Height and mortality in the counties of England and Wales (1990) Ann Hum Biol, 17, pp. 1-6; Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) Br Med J, 298, pp. 564-567; Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.G., Adshead, F., Taylor, S., Papacosta, O., Walker, M., Cardiovascular risk factors in British children from towns with widely differing adult cardiovascular mortality (1996) Br Med J, 313, pp. 79-84; Davey Smith, G., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lynch, J., Life course approaches to inequalities in coronary heart disease risk. In Stansfeld S, Marmot M, eds (2002) Stress and the heart, pp. 20-49. , London: BMJ Books; Barker, D.J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmonds, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Fall, C.H., Vijayakumar, M., Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Duggleby, S., Weight in infancy and prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult life (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 17-19; Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Wield, G.A., The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) Br Med J, 306, pp. 422-426; Eriksson, M., Tibblin, G., Cnattingius, S., Low birthweight and ischaemic heart disease (1994) Lancet, 343, p. 731; Stein, C.E., Fall, C.H., Kumaran, K., Osmond, C., Cox, V., Barker, D.J., Fetal, growth and coronary heart disease in south India (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1269-1273; Frankel, S., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Davey Smith, G., Birthweight, body-mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1478-1480; Frankel, S., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Davey Smith, G., Birthweight, adult risk factors and incident coronary heart disease: the Caerphilly Study (1996) Pub Health, 110, pp. 139-143; Rich-Edwards, J.W., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Rosner, B., Hankinson, S.E., Colditz, G.A., Birthweight and risk of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of women followed up since 1976 (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 396-400; Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vagero, D., Koupilova, I., Mohsen, R., Berglund, L., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29 (1998) Br Med J, 317, pp. 241-245; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: longitudinal study (1999) Br Med J, 318, pp. 427-431; Forsen, T., Eriksson, J.G., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Growth in utero and during childhood among women who develop coronary heart disease: longitudinal study (1999) Br Med J, 319, pp. 1403-1407; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 949-953; Gunnarsdottir, I., Birgistottir, B.E., Thorsdottir, I., Gudnason, V., Bebediktsson, R., Size at birth and coronary artery disease in a population with high birthweight (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 1290-1294; Fall, C.H., Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Clark, P.M., Hales, C.N., Relation of infant feeding to adult serum cholesterol concentration and death from ischaemic heart disease (1992) Br Med J, 304, pp. 801-805; Fall, C.H.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Hales, C.N., Stirling, Y., Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 428-432; Vijayakumar, M., Fall, C.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Birthweight, weight at one year, and left ventricular mass in adult life (1995) Br Heart J, 73, pp. 363-367; Martyn, C.N., Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Mothers' pelvic size, fetal growth, and death from stroke and coronary heart disease in men in the UK (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1264-1268; Scholl, T.O., Sowers, M., Chen, X., Lenders, C., Maternal glucose concentration influences fetal growth, gestation, and pregnancy complications (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 154, pp. 514-520; Reusens, B., Remacle, C., Intergenerational effect of an adverse intrauterine environment on perturbation of glucose metabolism (2001) Twin Res, 4, pp. 406-411; Hypponen, E., Leon, D.A., Kenward, M.G., Lithell, H., Prenatal growth and risk of occlusive and haemorrhagic stroke in Swedish men and women born 1915-29: historical cohort study (2001) Br Med J, 323, pp. 1033-1034; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Early growth, adult income, and risk of stroke (2000) Stroke, 31, pp. 869-874; Song, Y.-M., Sung, J., Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Shin, Y., Ebrahim, S., Blood pressure, haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke: the Korean National Health System Study. (2003) BMJ, , press; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hypertens, 18, pp. 815-831; McCarron, P., Davey Smith, G., Okasha, M., Secular changes in blood pressure in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood: systematic review of trends from, 1948 to 1998 (2002) J Hum Hypertens, 16, pp. 677-689; Lament, D., Parker, L., White, M., Unwin, N., Bennett, S.M.A., Cohen, M., Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: lifecourse study (2000) Br Med J, 320, pp. 273-278; Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Jespersen, S., Sherriff, S.B., Impaired fetal growth and atherosclerosis of carotid and peripheral arteries (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 173-178; Gale, C.R., Ashurst, H.E., Hall, N.F., MacCallum, P.K., Martyn, C.N., Size at birth and carotid atherosclerosis in later life (2002) Atherosclerosis, 163, pp. 141-147; Tilling, K., Davey Smith, G., Chambless, L., The relationship between birthweight and intima-media thickness in middle age: The ARIC study (2003) Epidemiology, , press; Chambless, L.E., Heiss, G., Folsom, A.R., Rosamund, W., Szklo, M., Sharrett, A.R., Association of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence with Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness and Major Risk Factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993 (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 146, pp. 483-494; Chambless, L.E., Folsom, A.R., Clegg, L.X., Sharrett, A.R., Shahar, E., Nieto, F.J., Carotid wall thickness is predictive of incident clinical stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 151, pp. 478-487; Sharrett, A.R., Sorlie, P.D., Chambless, L.E., Folsom, A.R., Hutchinson, R.G., Heiss, G., Relative importance of various risk factors for asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis versus coronary heart disease incidence: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 843-852; Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiol Rev, 18, pp. 158-174; Huxley, R., Neil, A., Collins, R., Unravelling the "fetal origins" hypothesis: is there really an inverse association between birthweight and future blood pressure? (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 659-665; Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M.S., Cole, T.J., Fetal origins of adult disease-the hypothesis revisited (1999) Br Med J, 319, pp. 245-249; Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, babies and health in later life, , London: Churchill Livingstone; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J., The thrifty phenotype hypothesis (2001) Br Med Bull, 60, pp. 5-20; Koupilova, I., Leon, D.A., McKeigue, P.M., Lithell, H.O., Is the effect of low birthweight on cardiovascular mortality mediated through high blood pressure? (1999) J Hypertens, 17, pp. 19-25; Harding, J.E., The nutritional basis of the fetal origins of adult disease (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 15-23; Langley-Evans, S.C., Gardner, D.S., Welham, S.J., Intrauterine programming of cardiovascular disease by maternal nutritional status (1998) Nutrition, 14, pp. 39-47; Petry, C.J., Hales, C.N., Long-term effects on offspring of intrauterine exposure to deficits in nutrition (2000) Hum Reprod Update, 6, pp. 578-586; Roseboom, T.J., van der Meulen, J.H., Ravelli, A.C., Van Montfrans, G.A., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Blood pressure in adults after prenatal exposure to famine (1999) J Hypertens, 17, pp. 325-330; Roseboom, T.J., van der Meulen, J.H.P., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Ravelli, A.C.J., Bleker, O.P., Plasma lipid profiles in adults after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1101-1106; Ravelli, A.C., van der Meulen, J.H., Michels, R.P., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Hales, C.N., Glucose tolerance in adults after prenatal exposure to famine (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 173-177; Roseboom, T.J., van der Meulen, J.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Ravelli, A.C.J., Schroeder-Tanka, J.M., Coronary heart disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine, 1944-45 (2000) Heart, 84, pp. 595-598; Roseboom, T.J., van der Meulen, J.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Ravelli, A.C., Bleker, O.P., Adult survival after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine 1944-45 (2001) Paediat Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. 220-225; Stanner, S.A., Bulmer, K., Andres, C., Lantsava, O.E., Borodina, V., Poteer, V.V., Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 1342-1348; Belizan, J.M., Villar, J., Bergel, E., del Pino, A., Di Fulvio, S., Galliano, S.V., Long-term effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on the blood pressure of offspring: follow up of a randomised controlled trial (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 281-285; McKeigue, P., Diabetes and insulin action. In Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, eds (1997) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology, pp. 78-100. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hattersley, A.T., Tooke, J.E., The fetal insulin hypothesis: an alternative explanation of the association of low birthweigbt with diabetes and vascular disease (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 1789-1792; Frayling, T.M., Hattersley, A.T., The role of genetic susceptibility in the association of low birthweight with type 2 diabetes (2001) Br Med Bull, 60, pp. 89-101; Hattersley, A.T., Beards, F., Ballantyne, E., Appleton, M., Harvey, R., Ellard, S., Mutations in the glucokinase gene of the fetus result in reduced birthweight (1998) Nat Genet, 19, pp. 268-270; Dunger, D.B., Ong, K.L., Huxtable, S.J., Association of the INS VTNR with size at birth (1998) Nat Genet, 19, pp. 98-100; Ong, K.K., Phillips, D.I., Fall, C., The insulin gene VNTR, type 2 diabetes and birthweigbt (1999) Nat Genet, 21, pp. 262-263; Lindsay, R.S., Hanson, R.L., Wiedrich, C., Knowler, W.C., Bennett, P.H., Baier, L.J., The insulin gene variable number tandem repeat class I/III polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with birthweight but not Type 2 diabetes in the Pima population (2003) Diabetes, 52, pp. 187-193; Casteels, K., Ong, K., Phillips, D., Bendall, H., Pembrey, M., Mitochondrial 16189 variant, thinness at birth, and type-2 diabetes. ALSPAC study team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 1499-1500; Vagero, D., Leon, D., Ischaemic heart disease and low birthweight: a test of the fetal-origins hypothesis from the Swedish Twin Registry (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 260-263; Christensen, K., Vaupel, J.W., Holm, N.V., Yashin, A.I., Mortality among twins after age 6: fetal origins hypothesis versus twin method (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 432-436; Christensen, K., Wienke, A., Skytthe, A., Holm, N.V., Vaupel, J.W., Yashin, A.I., Cardiovascular mortality in twins and the fetal origins hypothesis (2001) Twin Res, 4, pp. 344-349; Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (1999) Br Med J, 318, pp. 897-900; De Geus, E.J., Posthuma, D., Ijzerman, R.G., Boomsma, D.I., Comparing blood pressure of twins and their singleton siblings: being a twin does not affect adult blood pressure (2001) Twin Res, 4, pp. 385-391; Phillips, D.I., Davies, M.J., Robinson, J.S., Fetal growth and the fetal origins hypothesis in twins-problems and perspectives (2001) Twin Res, 4, pp. 327-331; Leveno, K.J., Santos-Ramos, R., Duenhoelter, J.H., Reisch, J.S., Whalley, P.J., Sonar cephalometry in twins: a table of biparietal diameters for normal twin fetuses and a comparison with singletons (1979) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 135, pp. 727-730; Taylor, G.M., Owen, P., Mires, G.J., Foetal growth velocities in twin pregnancies (1998) Twin Res, 1, pp. 9-14; Phillips, D.I., Twin studies in medical research; can they tell us whether diseases are genetically determined? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1008-1009; Hubinette, A., Cnattingius, S., Ekbom, A., De Faire, U., Kramer, M., Lichtenstein, P., Birthweight, early environment, and genetics: a study of twins discordant for acute myocardial infarction (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1997-2001; Hubinette, A., Cnattingius, S., Johasson, A.L.V., Henriksson, C., Lichtenstein, P., Birthweight and risk of angina pectoris: analysis in Swedish twins (2003) Eur J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 539-544; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Ferrell, C., Upton, M., Hole, D., Hawthorne, V., Birthweight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: prospective observational study (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 1189-1193; Davey Smith, G., Whitley, E., Gissler, M., Hemminki, E., Birth dimensions of offspring, premature birth, and the mortality of mothers (2000) Lancet, 356, pp. 2066-2067; Davey Smith, G., Harding, S., Rosato, M., Relation between infants' birthweight and mothers' mortality: prospective observational study (2000) Br Med J, 320, pp. 839-840; Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Whincup, P., Wannamethee, G., Papacosta, O., Dhanjil, S., The association between offspring birthweight and atherosclerosis in middle aged men and women: British Regional Heart Study (2003) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 57, pp. 462-463; Rasmussen, F., Sterne, J., Davey Smith, G., Tynelius, P., Leon, D.A., Fetal growth is associated with parents' cardiovascular mortality (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153 (SUPPL), p. S98; Smith, G.C., Pell, J.P., Walsh, D., Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129,290 births (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 2002-2006; Klebanoff, M.A., Schulsinger, C., Mednick, B.R., Secher, N.J., Preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth across generations (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 176, pp. 521-526; Ramakrishnan, U., Martorell, R., Schroeder, D.G., Floras, R., Role of intergenerational effects on linear growth (1999) J Nutr, 129, pp. 544S-549S; Magnus, P., Gjessing, H.K., Skrondal, A., Skjaerven, R., Paternal contribution to birthweight (2001) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 55, pp. 873-877; Hypponen, E., Davey Smith, G., Power, C., Parental diabetes and offspring birthweight in an intergenerational cohort study (2003) Br Med J, 326, pp. 19-20; Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Birthweight of offspring and insulin resistance in late adulthood: cross sectional survey using data from the British Women's Heart and Health Study (2002) Br Med J, 325, pp. 359-362; Rasmussen, F., Davey Smith, G., Sterne, J., Tynelius, P., Leon, D.A., Birth characteristics of offspring and parental diabetes (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153 (SUPPL), p. S47; Wannamethee, S.G., Lawlor, D.A., Whincup, P.H., Walker, M., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Birthweight of offspring and paternal insulin resistance and diabetes in late adulthood: cross-sectional survey (2003) Diabetologia, , press; Davey Smith, G., Genetic risk factors in mothers and offspring (2001) Lancet, 358, p. 1268; Tanner, J.M., Catch-up growth in man (1981) Br Med Bull, 37, pp. 233-238; Fitzhardinge, P.M., Steven, E.M., The small-for-date infant. I. Later growth patterns (1972) Pediat, 49, pp. 671-681; Karlberg, J., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Growth in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants: from birth to final height (1995) Pediat Res, 38, pp. 733-739; Pelletier, D.L., Frongillo, E.A., Jr., Habicht, J.P., Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality (1993) Am J Pub Health, 83, pp. 1130-1133; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 949-953; Singhal, A., Fewtrell, M., Cole, T.J., Lucas, A., Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1089-1097; Osborn, G.R., Stages in development of coronary disease observed from 1,500 young subjects. Relationship of hypotension and infant feeding to aetiology (1967) Coll Int Centre National Rech Scient, 169, pp. 93-139; Burr, M.L., Beasley, W.H., Fisher, C.B., Breast feeding, maternal smoking and early atheroma (1984) Eur Heart J, 5, pp. 588-591; Cowen, D.D., Myocardial infarction and infant feeding (1973) Practitioner, 210, pp. 661-663; Wingard, D.L., Criqui, M.H., Edelstein, S.L., Tucker, J., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Schwartz, J.C., Is breastfeeding in infancy associated with adult longevity? (1994) Am J Pub Health, 84, pp. 1458-1462; Plancoulaine, S., Charles, M.A., Lafay, L., Infant-feeding patterns are related to blood cholesterol concentration in prepubertal children aged 5-11 y: the Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Sante study (2000) Eur J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. 114-119; Ravelli, A.C., van der Meulen, J.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Blcker, O.P., Infant feeding and adult glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and obesity (2000) Arch Dis Child, 82, pp. 248-252; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review (1999) Int J Obesity, 23, pp. S1-S107; Singhal, A., Cole, T.J., Lucas, A., Early nutrition in preterm infants and later blood pressure: two cohorts after randomised trials (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 413-419; Leeson, C.P., Kattenhorn, M., Deanfield, J.E., Lucas, A., Duration of breast feeding and arterial distensibility in early adult life: population based study (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 643-647; Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Lowering blood pressure: a systematic review of sustained effects of nonpharmacological interventions (1998) J Pub Health Med, 20, pp. 441-448; Geleijnse, J.M., Hofman, A., Witteman, J.C., Hazebroek, A.A., Valkenburg, H.A., Grobbee, D.E., Long-term effects of neonatal sodium restriction on blood pressure (1997) Hypertension, 29, pp. 913-917; Koletzko, B., Agostoni, C., Carlson, S.E., Koletzko, B., Agostoni, C., Carlson, S.E., Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and perinatal development (2001) Acta Paediat, 90, pp. 460-464; Forsyth, J.S., Willatts, P., Agostoni, C., Bissenden, J., Casaer, P., Boehm, G., Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infant formula and blood pressure in later childhood: follow up of a randomised controlled trial (2003) Br Med J, 326, p. 953; McGill, H.C.J., Greer, J.C., Strong, J.P., Natural history of human atherosclerotic lessions. In Standler M, Bourne GH, eds (1963) Atherosclerosis and its origin, , New York: Academic Press; Berenson, G.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Freedman, D.S., Radhakrishnamurthy, B., Dalferes, E.R.J., Atherosclerosis and its evolution in childhood (1987) Am J Med Sci, 294, pp. 429-440; Enos, M.W.F., Holmes, L.C.R.H., Beyer, C.J., Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea (1953) J Am Med Assoc, 152, pp. 1090-1093; Tracy, R.E., Newman, W.P., III, Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Risk factors and atherosclerosis in youth autopsy findings of the Bogalusa Heart Study (1995) Am J Med Sci, 310, pp. S37-S41; Lauer, R.M., Connor, W.E., Leaverton, P.E., Reiter, M.A., Clarke, W.R., Coronary heart disease risk factors in school children: the Muscatine study (1975) J Pediat, 86, pp. 697-706; Lauer, R.M., Lee, J., Clarke, W.R., Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels: The Muscatine Study (1988) Pediatrics, 82, pp. 309-318; Eggen, D.A., Strong, J.P., McGill, H.C., Jr., Coronary calcification. Relationship to clinically significant coronary lesions and race, sex, and topographic distribution (1965) Circulation, 32, pp. 948-955; Mahoney, L.T., Burns, T.L., Stanford, W., Coronary risk factors measured in childhood and young adult life are associated with coronary artery calcification in young adults: the Muscatine Study (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol, 27, pp. 277-284; Berenson, G.S., McMahan, C.A., Voors, A.W., (1980) Cardiovascular risk factors in children. The early natural history of atherosclerosis and essential hypertension, , New York: Oxford University Press; Wattigney, W.A., Webber, L.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The emergence of clinically abnormal levels of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables among young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study (1995) Prev Med, 24, pp. 617-626; Myers, L., Coughlin, S.S., Webber, L.S., Sriivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Prediction of adult cardiovascular multifactorial risk status from childhood risk factor levels: the Bogalusa Heart Study (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 918-924; Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Persistence of multiple cardiovascular risk clustering related to syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1994) Arch Intern Med, 154, pp. 1842-1847; McCarron, P., Hart, C.L., Hole, D., Davey Smith, G., The relation between adult height and haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in the Renfrew/Paisley study (2001) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 55, pp. 404-405; Palmer, J.R., Rosenberg, L., Shapiro, S., Stature and the risk of myocardial infarction in women (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 27-32; Rich-Edwards, J.W., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Rosner, B., Height and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 909-917; Leon, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Strachan, D., Adult height and mortality in London: early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage? (1995) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 49, pp. 5-9; Gunnell, D., Commentary: Can adult anthropometry be used as a 'biomarker' for prenatal and childhood exposures? (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 390-394; Gerver, W.J.M., Bruin, R.D., Relationship between height, sitting height and subischial leg length in Dutch children: presentation of normal values (1995) Acta Paediat, 84, pp. 532-535; Tanner, J.M., Hayashi, T., Preece, M.A., Cameron, N., Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: comparison with British and with Japanese Americans (1982) Ann Hum Biol, 9, pp. 411-423; Davey Smith, G., Greenwood, R., Gunnell, D., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Elwood, P., Leg length, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk: the Caerphilly Study (2001) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 55, pp. 867-872; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain (1998) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 52, pp. 142-152; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., The association between components of adult height and type II diabetes and insulin resistance: British Women's Heart and Health Study (2002) Diabetologia, 45, pp. 1097-1106; Lawlor, D.A., Taylor, M., Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Ebrahim, S., The associations of components of adult height with coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women: the British Women's Heart and Health Study (2003) Heart, , press; Gunnell, D., Whitley, E., Upton, M.N., McConnachie, A., Davey Smith, G., Watt, G.C.M., Associations of height, leg length and lung function with cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Midspan Family Study (2003) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 57, pp. 141-146; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S.J., Kemp, M., Peters, T.J., Socioeconomic and dietary influences on leg length and trunk length in childhood: a reanalysis of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in prewar Britain (1937-39) (1998) Paediat Perinat Epidemiol, 12, pp. 96-113; Martin, R., Gunnell, D., Mangtani, P., Frankel, S., Davey Smith, G., Association between breast feeding and growth in childhood through to adulthood: the Boyd Orr cohort study (2000) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 54, p. 784; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Hardy, R.J., Paul, A.A., Marshall, S.F., Cole, T.J., Leg and trunk length at 43 years in relation to childhood health, diet and family circumstances; evidence from the 1946 national birth cohort (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 383-390; Elwood, P.C., Sweetnam, P.M., Gray, O.P., Davies, D.P., Wood, P.D.P., Growth of children from 0-5 years: with special reference to mother's smoking in pregnancy (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 543-557; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children-results from the national child development study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Wingerd, J., Schoen, E.J., Factors influencing length at birth and height at five years (1974) Pediatrics, 53, pp. 737-741; Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Is there a sex difference in the association between birthweight and systolic blood pressure in later life? Findings from a meta-regression analysis (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 156, pp. 1100-1104; Nieto, F.J., Infections and atherosclerosis: new clues from an old hypothesis? (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 148, pp. 937-948; Mattila, K.J., Viral and bacterial infections in patients with acute myocardial infarction (1989) J Intern Med, 225, pp. 293-296; Thom, D.H., Grayston, J.T., Siscovick, D.S., Wang, S.P., Weiss, N.S., Daling, J.R., Association of prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease (1992) J Am Med Assoc, 268, pp. 68-72; Saikku, P., Leinonen, M., Tenkanen, L., Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study (1992) Ann Intern Med, 116, pp. 273-278; Patel, P., Mendall, M.A., Carrington, D., Association of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors (1995) Br Med J, 311, pp. 711-714; Murray, L.J., Bamford, K.B., O'Reilly, D.P., McCrura, E.E., Evans, A.E., Helicobacter pylori infection: relation with cardiovascular risk factors, ischaemic heart disease, and social class (1995) Br Heart J, 74, pp. 497-501; Mendall, M.A., Carrington, D., Strachan, D., Chlamydia pneumoniae: risk factors for seropositivity and association with coronary heart disease (1995) J Infect, 30, pp. 121-128; Martin-de-Argila, C., Boixeda, D., Canton, R., Gisbert, J.P., Fuertes, A., High seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in coronary heart disease (1995) Lancet, 346, p. 310; Whincup, P.H., Mendall, M.A., Perry, I.J., Strachan, D.P., Walker, M., Prospective relations between Helicobacter pylori infection, coronary heart disease, and stroke in middle aged men (1996) Heart, 75, pp. 568-572; Whincup, P., Danesh, J., Walker, M., Prospective study of potentially virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori and coronary heart disease in middle-aged men (2000) Circulation, 101, pp. 1647-1652; Danesh, J., Whincup, P., Lewington, S., Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA titres and coronary heart disease; prospective study and meta-analysis (2002) Eur Heart J, 23, pp. 371-375; Mendall, M.A., Goggin, P.M., Molineaux, N., Childhood living conditions and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in adult life (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 896-897; McCalion, W.A., Murray, L.J., Bailie, A.G., Dalzell, A.M., O'Reilly, D.P., Bamford, K.B., Helicobacter pylori infection in children: relation with current household living conditions (1996) Gut, 39, pp. 18-21; Buck, C., Simpson, H., Infant diarrhoea and subsequent mortality from heart disease and cancer (1982) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 36, pp. 27-30; Mendall, M.A., Patel, P., Ballam, L., Strachan, D., Northfield, T.C., C reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: a population based cross sectional study (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 1061-1065; Danesh, J., Whincup, P., Walker, M., Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses (2000) Br Med J, 321, pp. 199-204; Danesh, J., Is there a link between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and coronary heart disease? (1998) Euro J Surg, 582, pp. 27-31; Patel, P., Mendall, M.A., Khulusi, S., Northfield, T.C., Strachan, D.P., Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood: risk factors and effect on growth (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 1119-1123; Yajnik, C.S., Commentary: fetal origins of cardiovascular risk-nutritional and non-nutritional (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 57-59; Victora, C.G., Barros, F.C., Commentary: The catch-up dilemma-relevance of Leitch's 'low-high' pig to child growth in developing countries (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 217-220; Yajnik, C.S., The lifecycle effects of nutrition and body size on adult adiposity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (2002) Obesity Rev, 3, pp. 217-224; Aboderin, I., Kalache, A., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lynch, J.W., Yajnik, C.S., Kuh, D., (2002) Life course perspectives on coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes: key issues and implications for policy and research, , Geneva: World Health Organization; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50-year old Swedish men (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 401-406; Lithell, H.O., McKeigue, P.M., Berglund, L., Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 406-410 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923041210&doi=10.1093%2facprof%3aoso%2f9780198578154.003.0003&partnerID=40&md5=034d36d7ed8576288b17745ba0bc485a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Catch-up growth in females born short for gestational age reduces the risk of giving birth to short-for-gestational-age infants T2 - Hormone Research J2 - Horm. Res. VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 26 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1159/000075193 SN - 03010163 (ISSN) AU - Lundgren, E.M. AU - Cnattingius, S. AU - Jonsson, B. AU - Tuvemo, T. AD - Dept. Women's and Children's Hlth., Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Dept. Women's and Children's Hlth., Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden AB - Objectives: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of catch-up growth on the offspring's length at birth among females born short for gestational age. Methods: Data of 1,363 females born short for gestational age (<-2 standard deviation scores) were obtained from the Swedish Birth Register. The females were included in the register both as babies and mothers. The effect of catch-up growth on the offspring's birth length was studied. Results: Short adult stature was associated with a threefold increase in the risk of giving birth to a short infant [OR 3.08 (CI 1.73-5.50)] and smoking increased the risk in a dose-dependent manner. Overweight was associated with a reduced risk [OR 0.46 (CI 0.22-0.96)] of giving birth to a short infant. Conclusion: Catch-up growth to normal adult stature among women born short for gestational age is associated with a reduced risk of giving birth to a short-for-gestational-age infant. Copyright © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. KW - Catch-up growth KW - Final height KW - Short for gestational age KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - catch up growth KW - childbirth KW - cigarette smoking KW - confidence interval KW - female KW - human KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - register KW - risk assessment KW - risk reduction KW - scoring system KW - short stature KW - small for date infant KW - standard KW - Sweden KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HRMRA C2 - 14646398 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lundgren, E.M.; Dept. Women's and Children's Hlth., Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; email: Maria.Lundgren@kbh.uu.se N1 - References: Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Postnatal growth of children born small for gestational age (1997) Acta Paediatr Suppl, 423, pp. 193-195; Tuvemo, T., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Prediction of male adult stature using anthropometric data at birth: A nationwide population-based study (1999) Pediatr Res, 46, pp. 491-495; Leger, J., Limoni, C., Collin, D., Czernichow, P., Prediction factors in the determination of final height in subjects born small for gestational age (1998) Pediatr Res, 43, pp. 808-812; Barker, D.J., Bull, A.R., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 259-262; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Berglund, L., Mohsen, R., Vagero, D., Lithell, U.B., McKeigue, P.M., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50-year-old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; Koupilova, I., Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Berglund, L., Size at birth and hypertension in longitudinally followed 50-70-year-old men (1997) Blood Press, 6, pp. 223-228; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: Longitudinal study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 427-431; Wen, S.W., Goldenberg, R.L., Cutter, G.R., Hoffman, H.J., Cliver, S.P., Intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery: Prenatal risk factors in an indigent population (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 162, pp. 213-218; Alberman, E., Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Evans, S.J., The contrasting effects of parental birthweight and gestational age on the birthweight of offspring (1992) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 6, pp. 134-144; Magnus, P., Bakketeig, L.S., Skjaerven, R., Correlations of birth weight and gestational age across generations (1993) Ann Hum Biol, 20, pp. 231-238; Klebanoff, M.A., Schulsinger, C., Mednick, B.R., Secher, N.J., Preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth across generations (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 176, pp. 521-526; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. 1. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 12, pp. 45-60; Langhoff-Roos, J., Lindmark, G., Gustavson, K.H., Gebre-Medhin, M., Meirik, O., Relative effect of parental birth weight on infant birth weight at term (1987) Clin Genet, 32, pp. 240-248; Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Prediction of adult height and risk of overweight in females born small for gestational age (2003) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 17, pp. 156-163; Ramakrishnan, U., Martorell, R., Schroeder, D.G., Flores, R., Role of intergenerational effects on linear growth (1999) J Nutr, 129, pp. S544-S549; Cnattingius, S., Ericson, A., Gunnarskog, J., Kallen, B., A quality study of a medical birth registry (1990) Scand J Soc Med, 18, pp. 143-148; Niklasson, A., Ericson, A., Fryer, J.G., Karlberg, J., Lawrence, C., Karlberg, P., An update of the Swedish reference standards for weight, length and head circumference at birth for given gestational age (1977-1981) (1991) Acta Paediatr Scand, 80, pp. 756-762; (1998) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic - Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , Geneva, World Health Organization UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542297681&doi=10.1159%2f000075193&partnerID=40&md5=02b62c6a40cd88b68c15bed60cad3172 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changing social gradients in cigarette smoking and cessation over two decades of adult follow-up in a British birth cohort T2 - Journal of Public Health J2 - J. Public Health (United Kingdom) VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 18 PY - 2004 SN - 17413842 (ISSN) AU - Jefferis, B.J.M.H. AU - Power, C. AU - Graham, H. AU - Manor, O. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Bowland Tower East, Alexandra Square, Lancaster LA1 4YT, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Hassadah, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Background: We aimed to establish whether socioeconomic gradients in smoking among men and women increase with age as a result of differential uptake, quitting and smoking persistence over time. Methods: A prospective British birth cohort (all births 3-9 March 1958) was followed to 41 years. Analyses of smoking at 41 years by socioeconomic position of origin include 10521 participants and for socioeconomic position at 23 years n = 9240. Results: By 41 years half of the cohort had smoked regularly (≥1 cigarette/day). Smoking prevalence peaked at 23 years (40 per cent) and subsequently declined; quitting increased between 23 years (10 per cent) and 41 years (29 per cent). Individuals from manual backgrounds were more likely to smoke and less likely to quit than those from non-manual groups, and these differences increased over the two decades during which the cohort was followed up. For social position of origin, the odds ratio for current smoking at 23 years among women was 1.28 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 1.21, 1.35), i.e. a 28 per cent greater risk of smoking per unit increment on a four-point scale from professional/ managerial to unskilled manual. The odds ratio increased to 1.45 (95 per cent CI 1.36, 1.56) at 41 years, trend over time p = 0.01. For men, equivalent results are 1.18 (1.11, 1.24) at 23 years and 1.33 (1.24, 1.42) at 41 years, trend p = 0.01. The social gradients in current smoking also increase over time for men and women using social position at 23 years. Conclusions: Social gradients in smoking have become more marked across the lifecourse of this birth cohort. This implies continued socioeconomic inequalities in future health outcomes in a contemporary adult population. KW - Gradients KW - Health inequalities KW - Prospective cohort KW - Smoking KW - adult KW - article KW - birth KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - manager KW - manual labor KW - occupation KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - professional practice KW - prospective study KW - scoring system KW - sex difference KW - sex ratio KW - smoking cessation KW - social aspect KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Occupations KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prevalence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Questionnaires KW - Sex Distribution KW - Smoking KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :61 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15044567 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: C.Power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Rose, G., The population strategy of prevention (1992) The Strategy of Preventive Medicine, pp. 95-106. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lawlor, D.A., Frankel, S., Shaw, M., Ebrahim, S., Smith, G.D., Smoking and ill health: Does lay epidemiology explain the failure of smoking cessation programs among deprived populations? (2003) Am J Publ Hlth, 93 (2), pp. 266-270; Jarvis, M.J., Wardle, J., Social patterning of individual health behaviours: The case of cigarette smoking (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 240-255. , Marmot M, Wilkinson RG, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Milburn, A., (2001) Breaking the Link between Poverty and Ill Health, , Long-term Medical Conditions Alliance Conference. London: RCP; (1998) Smoking Kills: A White Paper on Tobacco, , London: The Stationery Office; Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain. Results from the 2000/01 General Household Survey, , London: The Stationery Office; Pierce, J.P., International comparisons of trends in cigarette smoking prevalence (1989) Am J Publ Hlth, 79 (2), pp. 152-157; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Educational differences in smoking: International comparison (2000) Br Med J, 320 (7242), pp. 1102-1107; Laaksonen, M., Uutela, A., Vartiainen, E., Development of smoking by birth cohort in the adult population in eastern Finland 1972-97 (1999) Tobacco Control, 8 (2), pp. 161-168; Graham, H., Smoking prevalence among women in the European community 1950-1990 (1996) Social Sci Med, 43 (2), pp. 243-254; Osler, M., Holstein, B., Avlund, K., Damsgaard, M.T., Rasmussen, N.K., Socioeconomic position and smoking behaviour in Danish adults (2001) Scand J Publ Hlth, 29 (1), pp. 32-39; Evandrou, M., Falkingham, J., Smoking behaviour and socio-economic status: A cohort analysis, 1974 to 1998 (2002) Hlth Statist Q, 14, pp. 30-38; Kemm, J.R., A birth cohort analysis of smoking by adults in Great Britain 1974-1998 (2001) J Publ Hlth Med, 23 (4), pp. 306-311; (1994) National Child Development Study Composite File Including Selected Perinatal Data and Sweeps One to Five (Computer File), , Original data producers: National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit. SN: 3148. Colchester: The Data Archive Distributor; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; (1990) Standard Occupational Classification, Volume 1: Structure of the Classification, 1. , London: HMSO; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, 2nd Edn., , London: Institute of Education; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Graham, H., Manor, O., Do childhood socio-economic circumstances have an effect on persistent smoking beyond adult circumstances? (2004) Am J Publ Hlth, , in press; Power, C., Due, P., Graham, H., (2004) The Contribution of Childhood and Adult Socioeconomic Position to Adult Obesity and Smoking Behaviour: An International Comparison, , Forthcoming; Ferrie, J.E., Shipley, M.J., Davey, S.G., Stansfeld, S.A., Marmot, M.G., Change in health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (2002) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 56 (12), pp. 922-926; Rebagliato, M., Validation of self reported smoking (2002) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 56 (3), pp. 163-164; Patrick, D.L., Cheadle, A., Thompson, D.C., The validity of self-reported smoking: A review and meta-analysis (1994) Am J Publ Hlth, 84 (7), pp. 1086-1093; Erens, B., Primatesta, P., (1999) Health Survey for England 1998. Cardiovascular Disease, , London: The Stationery Office; Jarvis, M.J., Patterns and predictors of smoking cessation in the general population (1997) The Tobacco Epidemic, pp. 151-164. , Bolliger CT, Fagerstrom KO, eds. Basel: Karger; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse (1997) Social Sci Med, 44 (6), pp. 809-819 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942754006&partnerID=40&md5=a76737043bf0a8b0ba1d9a1d224157f6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computer use and earnings in Britain T2 - Economic Journal J2 - Econ. J. VL - 114 IS - 494 SP - C117 EP - C129 PY - 2004 SN - 00130133 (ISSN) AU - Dolton, P. AU - Makepeace, G. AD - University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia AD - Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom AB - This paper estimates various models of the effect of computer use on earnings using recent NCDS data. The cross-section estimates are large and significant while the standard fixed effects estimates are small or insignificant. The panel estimates change considerably once we allow the coefficients to differ across individuals. Conditional on assumptions about when individuals use computers, conventional panel estimates may not identify the crucial parameters and alternative methods are needed. We conclude that there was a substantial premium associated with computer use for some individuals in the UK. © Royal Economic Society 2004. KW - labor market KW - technological change KW - wage determination KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - United Kingdom KW - Western Europe N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ECJOA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dolton, P.; University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia N1 - References: Acemoglu, D., Technical change inequality and the labour market (2002) Journal of Economic Literature, 40 (1), pp. 71-72; Anger, S., Schwarz, J., (2002) Does Future PC Use Determine Our Wages Today: Evidence from the German Panel Data, , IZA Discussion Paper No.429; Arabsheibani, G.R., Marin, A., If not computers then what? Returns to computer use in the UK revisited (2001) School of Management and Business, , Aberystwyth, mimeo; Bell, B., (1996) Skill-Biased Technical Change and Wages: Evidence from a Longitudinal Data Set, , Nuffield College, Oxford mimeo; Card, D., DiNardo, J.E., Skill-biased technological change and rising wage inequality: Some problems and puzzles (2002) Journal of Labor Economics, 20; Colecchia, A., Schreyer, P., (2001) ICT Investment and Economic Growth in the 1990s: Is the United States a Unique Case? A Comparative Study of Nine OECD Countries, , OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry working paper 2001/7; Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Saunders, P., Income and living standards (2003) Changing Britain, Changing Lives, , (E. Ferri, J. Bynner and M. Wadsworth) ch. 6, London: Institute of Education, University of London; Dickerson, A., Green, F., (2002) The Growth and Valuation of Generic Skills, , University of Kent, mimeo; DiNardo, J., Pischke, J., The returns to computer use revisited: Have pencils changed the wage structure too (1997) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, pp. 291-303; Dolton, P., Makepeace, G., (2002) Returns to Computer Use: an Empirical Analysis for the UK, , University of Newcastle, mimeo; Entorf, H., Kramarz, F., Does unmeasured ability explain the higher wages of new technology workers (1997) European Economic Review, 41, pp. 1489-1510; Hanushek, E.A., School resources and student performance (1996) Does Money Matter? The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement and Adult Success, , (G. Burtless, ed.), Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Hanushek, E.A., The failure of input-based schooling policies (2003) Economic Journal, 113, pp. F64-F98; Jakubson, G., Estmation and testing of the union wage effect using panel data (1991) The Review of Economic Studies, 58, pp. 971-991; Krueger, A., How computers have changed the wage structure: Evidence from microdata 1984-1989 (1993) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, pp. 33-60; Machin, S., The changing nature of labour demand in the new economy and skill-biased technological change (2001) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 63, pp. 753-776; Oosterbeek, H., The returns from computer use: A simple test on the productivity interpretation (1997) Economics Letters, 55, pp. 273-274; Oulton, N., (2001) ICT and Productivity Growth in the United Kingdom, , Bank of England Working Paper no. 140; Todd, P., Wolpin, K., On the specification and estimation of the production function for cognitive achievement (2003) Economic Journal, 113, pp. F3-F33 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1842781154&partnerID=40&md5=bdf6bcd274c7177d5290c4fdbda84456 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Childhood Socioeconomic Circumstances on Persistent Smoking T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - Am. J. Public Health VL - 94 IS - 2 SP - 279 EP - 285 PY - 2004 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Jefferis, B.J.M.H. AU - Power, C. AU - Graham, H. AU - Manor, O. AD - C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Applied Social Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel AD - C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. We investigated whether socioeconomic circumstances at different life stages influence persistent smoking. Methods. We followed a British birth cohort (all births between March 3 and 9, 1958) for 41 years to examine the influence of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position on persistent smoking in adulthood (n=6541). Results. Persistent smoking (19% of participants, n=1216) showed strong social gradients with both childhood and adulthood socioeconomic measures. Among men, the association with childhood socioeconomic circumstances was no longer significant after we adjusted for adulthood socioeconomic circumstances; however, among women, the adjusted odds of persistent smoking increased by 8% for each unit increase across a 16-point childhood score. Conclusions. Childhood socioeconomic circumstances predicted persistent smoking among women in our cohort, a finding that highlights the importance of influences on the development of persistent smoking across the life course. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prediction KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - smoking KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Income KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Parents KW - Prospective Studies KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :64 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 14759943 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jefferis, B.J.M.H.; C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: b.jefferis@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., Thun, M., Heath, C., (1994) Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries, 1950-2000: Indirect Estimates from National Vital Statistics, , Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Chassin, L., Presson, C.C., Sherman, S.J., Edwards, D.A., The natural history of cigarette smoking: Predicting young-adult smoking outcomes from adolescent smoking patterns (1990) Health Psychol, 9, pp. 701-716; Jarvis, M.J., Patterns and predictors of smoking cessation in the general population (1997) The Tobacco Epidemic, pp. 151-164. , Bolliger CT, Fagerstrom KO, eds. Basel, Switzerland: Karger; Jarvis, M.J., Wardle, J., Social patterning of individual health behaviours: The case of cigarette smoking (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 240-255. , Marmot M, Wilkinson RG, eds. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 809-819; Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1434-1438; Wannamethee, S.G., Whincup, P.H., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; Brunner, E., Shipley, M.J., Blane, D., Smith, G.D., Marmot, M.G., When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood (1999) J Epidemiol Community Health, 53, pp. 757-764; Graham, H., Der, G., Smoking and women's health: Influences on women's smoking status: The contribution of socioeconomic status in adolescence and adulthood (1999) EurJ Public Health, 9, pp. 137-141; Graham, H., Hunt, K., Socioeconomic influences on women's smoking status in adulthood: Insights from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study (1998) Health Bull, 56, pp. 757-765; Heslop, P., Smith, G.D., Macleod, J., Hart, C., The socioeconomic position of employed women, risk factors and mortality (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53, pp. 477-485; Davey, S.G., Hart, C., Hole, D., Education and occupational social class: Which is the more important indicator of mortality risk? (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 153-160; Rossow, I., Rise, J., Concordance of parental and adolescent health behaviors (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 1299-1305; Green, G., Macintyre, S., West, P., Ecob, R., Like parent like child? Associations between drinking and smoking behaviour of parents and their children (1991) Br J Addict, 86, pp. 745-758; Koivusilta, L., Rimpela, A., Rimpela, M., Health-related lifestyle in adolescence-origin of social class differences in health? (1999) Health Educ Res, 14, pp. 339-355; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., Getting on with qualifications (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990s. Getting on, Getting by, Getting Nowhere, pp. 11-30. , Bynner J, Ferri E, Shepherd P, eds. Aldershot, England: Ashgate; Glendinning, A., Shucksmith, J., Hendry, L., Social class and adolescent smoking behaviour (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 1449-1460; Montgomery, S.M., Cook, D.G., Bartley, M.J., Wadsworth, M., Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weight in young men (1998) Eur J Public Health, 8, pp. 21-27; Hobcroft, J., Kiernan, K., (1999) Childhood Poverty, Early Motherhood and Adult Social Exclusion, , London, England: London School of Economics Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE). CASE paper 28; Dorsett, R., Marsh, A., (1998) The Health Trap: Poverty, Smoking and Lone Parenthood, , London, England: Policy Studies Institute; Graham, H., Promoting health against inequality: A case study of women and smoking (1998) Health Educ J, 57, pp. 292-302; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London, England: National Children's Bureau; (1990) Standard Occupational Classification, Vol 1: Structure of the Classification, 1. , London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Moser, K.A., Pugh, H.S., Goldblatt, P.O., Inequalities in women's health: Looking at mortality differentials using an alternative approach (1988) BMJ, 296, pp. 1221-1224; Wax, Y., Collinearity diagnosis for a relative risk regression analysis: An application to assessment of diet-cancer relationship in epidemiological studies (1992) Stat Med, 11, pp. 1273-1287; Doll, R., Peto, R., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., Sutherland, I., Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 Years' observations on male British doctors (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 901-911; Acheson, D., (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health, , London, England: The Stationery Office; Tyas, S.L., Pederson, L.L., Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: A critical review of the literature (1998) Tob Control, 7, pp. 409-420; Graham, H., Der, G., Patterns and predictors of tobacco consumption among women (1999) Health Educ Res, 14, pp. 611-618; Mathers, C.D., Schofield, D.J., The health consequences of unemployment: The evidence (1998) Med J Aust, 168, pp. 178-182; Rebagliato, M., Validation of self-reported smoking (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 163-164; Patrick, D.L., Cheadle, A., Thompson, D.C., Diehr, P., Koepsell, T., Kinne, S., The validity of self-reported smoking: A review and meta-analysis (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1086-1093; Erens, B., Primatesta, P., (1999) Health Survey for England 1998: Cardiovascular Disease, , London, England: The Stationery Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0842284047&partnerID=40&md5=a8b431da3aa9997ffdb01e5c0b1c2f37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood families of homeless and poor adults in Britain: A prospective study T2 - Journal of Economic Psychology J2 - J. Econ. Psychol. VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/S0167-4870(02)00169-1 SN - 01674870 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AU - Buchanan, A. AD - Dept. of Social Policy/Social Work, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - Using longitudinal data from the British National Child Development Study which traced some 17,000 children born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week in March 1958, this study investigated the role of early father's and mother's involvement in social and economic disadvantage (experience of homelessness, state benefits receipt, and subsidized housing) in adult life. Data from 5880 cohort members showed that in women being married was negatively related to all three indicators of disadvantage. In men, large family size in childhood and current psychological distress were positively related to the three indicators of disadvantage. For both genders low educational attainment predicted both living in subsidized housing and receiving state benefits. Both father's and mother's involvement in families of lower socio-economic status were highly protective against an adult experience of homelessness in sons. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Father involvement KW - Homelessness KW - Mother involvement KW - Poverty KW - Socio-economic disadvantage N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Dept. of Social Policy/Social Work, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; Bassuk, E.L., Buckner, J.C., Weinreb, L.F., Browne, A., Bassuk, S.S., Dawson, R., Perloff, J.N., Homelessness in female-headed families: Childhood and adult risk and protective factors (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 241-248; Bellair, P.E., Roscigno, V.J., Local labor-market opportunity and adolescent delinquency (2000) Social Forces, 78, pp. 1509-1538; Browne, A., Bassuk, S.S., Intimate violence in the lives of homeless and poor housed women: Prevalence and patterns in an ethnically diverse sample (1997) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67, pp. 261-278; Brook, J.S., Newcomb, M.D., Childhood aggression and unconventionality: Impact on later academic achievement, drug use, and workforce involvement (1995) Journal of Genetic Psychology, 156, pp. 393-410; Bynner, J., Education and family components of identity in the transition from school to work (1998) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, pp. 29-53; Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, S., Bradley, R.H., Hofferth, S., Lamb, M.E., Fatherhood in the twenty-first century (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 127-136; Caputo, R.K., Escaping poverty and becoming self-sufficient (1997) Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 24, pp. 5-23; Coiro, M.J., Emery, R.E., Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? A quantitative and qualitative review (1998) Clinical Child and Family Review, 1, pp. 23-40; Culhane, D.P., Avery, J.M., Hadley, T.R., Prevalence of treated behavioral disorders among adult shelter users: A longitudinal study (1998) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68, pp. 63-72; Daly, G., Homeless: Policies, strategies, and living on the street (1996), London: Routledge; Davies-Netzley, S., Hurlburt, M.S., Hough, R.L., Childhood abuse as a precursor to homelessness for homeless women with severe mental illness (1996) Violence and Victims, 11, pp. 129-142; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Feinstein, L., Symons, J., Attainment in secondary school (1999) Oxford Economic Papers, 51, pp. 300-321; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., Life satisfaction in teenage boys: The moderating role of father involvement and bullying (2002) Aggressive Behavior, 28, pp. 126-133; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., What predicts good relationships with parents in adolescence and partners in adult life: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) Journal of Family Psychology, 16, pp. 186-198; Georgiou, S., Parental attributions as predictors of involvement and influences on child achievement (1999) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, pp. 409-429; Herman, D.B., Susser, E.S., Struening, E.L., Link, B.L., Adverse childhood experiences: Are they risk factors for adult homelessness? (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 249-255; Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M., Cox, R., Effects of divorce on parents and children (1982) Nontraditional Families, pp. 233-288. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Israel, M., Seeborg, M., The impact of youth characteristics and experiences of transitions out of poverty (1998) Journal of Socio-Economics, 27, pp. 753-776; Keith, T.Z., Keith, P.B., Quirk, K.J., Sperduto, J., Santillo, S., Killings, S., Longitudinal effects of parent involvement on high school grades: Similarities and differences across gender and ethnic groups (1998) Journal of School Psychology, 36, pp. 335-363; Koegel, P., Melamid, E., Burnam, M.A., Childhood risk factors for homelessness among homeless adults (1995) American Journal of Public Health, 85, pp. 1642-1649; Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., Aggression in childhood and long-term unemployment in adulthood: A cycle of maladaptation and some protective factors (2000) Developmental Psychology, 36, pp. 463-472; Kuno, E., Rothbard, A.B., Avery, J., Culhane, D., Homelessness among persons with serious mental illness in an enhanced community-based enhanced mental health system (2000) Psychiatric Services, 51, pp. 1012-1016; Masten, A.S., Coatsworth, J.D., The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children (1995) American Psychologist, 53, pp. 205-220; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: A longitudinal study (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 669-685; Maughan, B., Lindelow, M., Secular change in psychosocial risks: The case of teenage motherhood (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 1129-1144; Miedel, W.T., Reynolds, A.J., Parent involvement in early intervention for disadvantaged children: Does it matter? (1999) Journal of School Psychology, 37, pp. 379-402; Morrell-Bellai, T., Goering, P.N., Boydell, K.M., Becoming and remaining homeless: A qualitative investigation (2000) Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 21, pp. 581-604; Mulkey, L.M., Crain, R.L., Harrington, A.J.C., One-parent households and achievement: Economic and behavioral explanations of a small effect (1992) Sociology & Education, 65, pp. 48-65; Factors associated with fathers' caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children (2000) Journal of Family Psychology, 14, pp. 200-219. , NICHD Early Care Research Network; Nyamathi, A., Galaif, E.R., Leake, B., A comparison of homeless women and their intimate partners (1999) Journal of Community Psychology, 27, pp. 489-502; Pidgeon, D.A., Tests used in 1954 and 1957 surveys (1966) The Home and the School, pp. 129-132. , J. W. Douglas (Ed.), London: Macgibbon & Kee; Reynolds, A.J., Comparing measures of parent involvement and their effects on academic achievement (1992) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 7, pp. 441-462; Rönkä, A., Pulkkinen, L., Accumulation of problems in social functioning in young adulthood: A developmental approach (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, pp. 381-391; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., Education, health and behaviour (1970), London: Longman; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (Ed.), London: National Children's Bureau; Simons, R.L., Whitbeck, L.B., Sexual abuse as a precursor to prostitution and victimization among adolescent and adult homeless women (1991) Journal of Family Issues, 12, pp. 361-379; Steinberg, L., Mounts, N.S., Lamborn, S.D., Dornbusch, S.M., Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches (1991) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, pp. 19-36; Sullivan, G., Burnam, A., Koegel, P., Pathways to homelessness among the mentally ill (2000) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35, pp. 444-450; Sumerlin, J.R., Cognitive-affective preparation for homelessness: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of childhood out-of-home placement and child abuse in a sample of homeless men (1999) Psychological Reports, 85, pp. 553-573; Tavecchio, L.W.C., Thomeer, M.A.E., Attachment, social network, and homelessness in young people (1999) Social Behavior and Personality, 27, pp. 247-262; Watson, G.S., Gross, A.M., Familial determinants (2000) Advanced Abnormal Child Psychology, pp. 81-99. , M. Hersen, & R. T. Ammerman (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Whitbeck, L.B., Hoyt, D.R., Ackley, K.A., Families of homeless and runaway adolescents: A comparison of parent/caretaker and adolescent perspectives on parenting, family violence and adolescent conduct (1997) Child Abuse and Neglect, 21, pp. 517-528; Wilson, W.J., (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0348159789&doi=10.1016%2fS0167-4870%2802%2900169-1&partnerID=40&md5=59230d315015f1e24b680e2695f6fbd5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forty years on: The effect of deprivation on growth in two Newcastle birth cohorts T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 147 EP - 152 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyg187 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Wright, C.M. AU - Parker, L. AD - PEACH Unit, Department of Child Health, Glasgow University, QMH Tower, Glasgow G3 8SJ, United Kingdom AD - Community Child Health Unit, Department of Child Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - James Spence Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom AB - Background. This study used two prospective birth cohort studies from the same city to examine the extent to which deprivation gradients for height and weight have changed over 40 years. Methods. Participants were 954 (86%) full term members of the Thousand Families (TF) 1947 and 3145 (99.9%) members of the Growth and Development Study (GDS) 1987-1988 Newcastle birth cohorts with both deprivation and growth data. Weights were available at birth, 6 months, and 1 year; weight and height at 4 (GDS only), 9, and 13 years (TF only), and in adulthood (TF only). These were stratified by level of deprivation, measured by Registrar's General social class in 1947 and area-based Townsend scores in 1987. Results. Both cohorts had similar birth and infancy weights, but there was no gradient by deprivation level at birth or in infancy in the 1947 cohort, while the 1987 cohort showed a consistent gradient from birth onwards. Height had increased from the 1947 to the 1987 cohort, but both showed very similar deprivation gradients, equivalent to a 4-cm difference between the most and least affluent strata at age 9 years. Body mass index was similar for both cohorts and only showed a deprivation gradient in adulthood. Conclusions. We found no evidence of a changing influence of socioeconomic deprivation on growth in childhood, despite increases in mean height over a 40-year interval. © International Epidemiological Association 2004. KW - Birthweight KW - Childhood KW - Growth KW - Height socioeconomic deprivation KW - Infancy KW - Secular change KW - socioeconomic impact KW - adolescence KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child growth KW - childbirth KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - epidemiological data KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - infancy KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - scoring system KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - time KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Parents KW - Poverty KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :23 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 15075161 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wright, C.M.; Glasgow University, PEACH Unit, Yorkhill Hospitals, QMH Tower, Glasgow G3 8SJ, United Kingdom; email: charlotte.wright@clinmed.gla.ac.uk N1 - References: Tanner, J.M., Growth as a monitor of nutritional status (1976) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 35, pp. 315-322; Rona, R., Chinn, S., (1999) The National Study of Health and Growth, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Spence, J., Walton, W., Miller, F., Court, S., (1954) A Thousand Families in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , London: Oxford University Press; Wright, C.M., Waterston, A., Matthews, J.N.S., Aynsley-Green, A., What is the normal rate of weight gain in infancy? (1994) Acta Paediatrica, 83, pp. 351-356; Wright, C., Cheetham, T., The strengths and limitations of parental heights as a predictor of attained height (1999) Arch. Dis. Child, 81, pp. 257-260; Lamont, D., Parker, L., Cohen, M., Early life and later determinants of adult disease: A 50-year follow-up study of the Newcastle Thousand Families cohort (1998) Public Health, 112, pp. 85-93; Freeman, J.V., Cole, T.J., Chinn, S., Jones, P.R.M., White, E.M., Preece, M.A., Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch. Dis. Child, 73, pp. 17-24; Townsend, P., Phillimore, P., Beattie, A., (1988) Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North, , London: Croom Helm; Dummer, T.J., Dickinson, H.O., Pearce, M.S., Charlton, M.E., Parker, L., Stillbirth risk with social class and deprivation: No evidence for increasing inequality (2000) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 53, pp. 147-155; Reading, R., Jarvis, S., Openshaw, S., Measurement of social inequalities in health and use of health services among children in Northumberland (1993) Arch. Dis. Child, 68, pp. 626-631; Power, C., Manor, O., Li, L., Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height selection in a cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 131-134; (1992) 1991 Census. County Report: Tyne and Wear, Part 1, , Office of Population, Census and Surveys. London: HMSO; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 76, pp. 182-189; Fredriks, A.M., Van Buuren, S., Burgmaijer, R.J., Continuing Positive Secular Growth Change in the Netherlands 1955-1997 (2000) Pediatr. Res., 47, pp. 316-323; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National Study of Health and Growth: Social and biological factors associated with height of children from ethnic groups living in England (1986) Ann. Hum. Biol., 13, pp. 453-471; Wadsworth, M., (1991) The Imprint of Time, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 76, pp. 182-189; Power, C., Lake, J., Cole, T., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int. J. Obesity, 21, pp. 507-526; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies of British children, 1974-1994 (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 24-26; Goldstein, H., Factors related to birth weight and perinatal mortality (1981) Br. Med. Bull., 37, pp. 259-264; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 45-60; Graham, H., Smoking prevalence among women in the European Community 1950-1990 (1996) Soc. Sci. Med., 43, pp. 243-254; Townsend, J., Roderick, P., Cooper, J., Cigarette smoking by socioeconomic group, sex, and age: Effects of price, income, and health publicity (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 923-927 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13944254064&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyg187&partnerID=40&md5=66b6518ce6d43351359a2a69be7e1412 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An age-period-cohort modelling study on primary liver cancer incidence rate in Qidong T2 - Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi J2 - Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi VL - 25 IS - 10 SP - 902 EP - 904 PY - 2004 SN - 02546450 (ISSN) AU - Shen, Q.J. AU - Zhang, X.F. AU - Chen, J.G. AU - Li, W.G. AU - Yao, H.Y. AD - School of Medicine Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. AB - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence trends of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Qidong. METHODS: Data of PLC incidence from 1975 to 1999 in Qidong were analyzed to delineate temporal trends and birth cohort patterns, using age-period-cohort models. RESULTS: Significant moderation or decreasing trends were began to notice in incidence rates on cohorts born in 1913 - 1917 and 1958 - 1962. CONCLUSION: Results showed that the incidence risk of the birth cohorts after 1958 - 1962 started to decline. The changes were possibly associated with the implementation of some practical measures on prevention. KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - China KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - human KW - incidence KW - liver cell carcinoma KW - liver tumor KW - male KW - middle aged KW - sex difference KW - statistical model KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular KW - China KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Liver Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Statistical KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15631754 LA - Chinese N1 - Correspondence Address: Shen, Q.J. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27244432808&partnerID=40&md5=9b01913e81d3bf049dd79c6a024755cb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Do socioeconomic gradients in women's health widen over time and with age? T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 58 IS - 9 SP - 1585 EP - 1595 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00368-X SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Mishra, G.D. AU - Ball, K. AU - Dobson, A.J. AU - Byles, J.E. AD - MRC-Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom AD - School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, Vic., Australia AD - School of Population Health, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia AD - Ctr. Clin. Epidemiol. Biostatist., University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia AB - A population-based study was conducted to investigate changes over time in women's well-being and health service use by socio-economic status and whether these varied by age. Data from 12,328 mid-age women (aged 45-50 years in 1996) and 10,430 older women (aged 70-75 years) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were analysed. The main outcome measures were changes in the eight dimensions of the Short Form General Health Survey (SF-36) adjusted for baseline scores, lifestyle and behavioural factors; health care utilisation at Survey 2; and rate of deaths (older cohort only). Cross-sectional analyses showed clear socioeconomic differentials in well-being for both cohorts. Differential changes in health across tertiles of socioeconomic status (SES) were more evident in the mid-age cohort than in the older cohort. For the mid-aged women in the low SES tertile, declines in physical functioning (adjusted mean change of -2.4, standard error (SE) 1.1) and general health perceptions (-1.5, SE 1.1) were larger than the high SES group (physical functioning -0.8 SE 1.1, general health perceptions -0.8 SE 1.2). In the older cohort, changes in SF-36 scores over time were similar for all SES groups but women in the high SES group had lower death rates than women in the low SES group (relative risk: 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.98). Findings suggest that SES differentials in physical health seem to widen during women's mid-adult years but narrow in older age. Nevertheless, SES remains an important predictor of health, health service use and mortality in older Australian women. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Australia KW - Mortality KW - SF-36 KW - Socioeconomic differentials KW - Well-being KW - health survey KW - lifestyle KW - socioeconomic status KW - womens health KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - aged KW - article KW - Australia KW - cohort analysis KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - female KW - functional assessment KW - health care utilization KW - health service KW - health status KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - normal human KW - population research KW - socioeconomics KW - wellbeing KW - Australasia KW - Australia PB - Elsevier Ltd N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 14990361 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mishra, G.D.; MRC-Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom; email: gita.mishra@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk N1 - References: Anderson, R.T., Sorlie, P., Backlund, E., Johnson, N., Kaplan, G.A., Mortality effects of community socioeconomic status (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 42-47; Arber, S., Khlat, M., Introduction to 'social and economic patterning of women's health in a changing world' (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 54, pp. 643-647; (1997) Australian Standard Classification of Occupations. (2nd Ed.), , Catalogue No. 1220.0. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service; Beckett, M., Converging health inequalities in later life - An artifact of mortality selection (2000) Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 41 (1), pp. 106-119; Berkman, C.S., Gurland, B.J., The relationship among income, other socioeconomic indicators, and functional level in older persons (1998) Journal of Aging and Health, 10 (1), pp. 81-98; Broom, D.H., The social distribution of illness: Is Australia more equal? (1984) Social Science & Medicine, 18 (11), pp. 909-917; Brown, W., Bryson, L., Byles, J.E., Dobson, A.J., Lee, C., Mishra, G.D., Schofield, M.J., Women's Health Australia: Recruitment for a national longitudinal cohort study (1998) Women and Health, 28, pp. 23-40; Brown, W.J., Dobson, A.J., Mishra, G., What is a healthy weight range for middle aged women? (1998) International Journal of Obesity, 22, pp. 520-528; Brown, W., Mishra, G.D., Lee, C., Bauman, A., Leisure time physical activity in Australian women: Relationships with well-being and symptoms (2000) Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71, pp. 201-216; Der, D., MacIntyre, S., Ford, G., Hunt, K., West, P., The relationship of household income to a range of health measures in three age cohorts from the West of Scotland (1999) The European Journal of Public Health, 9, pp. 271-277; (1994) Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Areas Classification: 1991 Census Edition, , Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1994; Dudley, E.C., Hopper, J.L., Taffe, J., Guthrie, J.R., Burger, H.G., Dennerstein, L., Using longitudinal data to define the perimenopause by menstrual cycle characteristics (1998) Climacteric, 1, pp. 18-25; Fein, O., The influence of social class on health status: American and British research on health inequalities (1995) Journal of General Internal Medicine, 10 (10), pp. 577-586; Feinstein, J.S., The relationship between socioeconomic status and health: A review of the literature (1993) The Milbank Quarterly, 71, pp. 279-322; Grundy, E., Glaser, K., Socio-demographic differences in the onset and progression of disability in early old age: A longitudinal study (2000) Age and Ageing, 29, pp. 149-157; Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Blane, D., Inequalities in mortality by social class measured at 3 stages of the lifecourse (1998) American Journal of Public Health, 88, pp. 471-474; Hemingway, H., Nicholson, A., Stafford, M., Roberts, R., Marmot, M., The impact of socioeconomic status on health functioning as assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire: The whitehall II study (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87 (9), pp. 1484-1490; Hemingway, H., Stafford, M., Stansfeld, S., Shipley, S., Marmot, M., Is the SF36 a valid measure of change in population health? Results from the Whitehall II study (1997) British Medical Journal, 315, pp. 1273-1279; House, J.S., Kessler, R.C., Herzog, A.R., Mero, R.P., Kinney, A.M., Breslow, M.J., Age, socioeconomic status and health (1990) The Milbank Quarterly, 68, pp. 383-411; Lahelma, E., Arber, S., Kivela, K., Roos, E., Multiple roles and health among British and Finnish women: The influence of socioeconomic circumstances (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 54 (5), pp. 727-740; Lee, C., Powers, J., Number of social roles, health, and well-being in three generations of Australian women (2002) Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 9 (3), pp. 195-215; MacKenbach, J.P., Socioeconomic health differences in the Netherlands: A review of recent empirical findings (1992) Social Science & Medicine, 34 (3), pp. 213-226; MacKenbach, J.P., Kunst, A.E., Groenhof, F., Borgan, J.K., Costa, G., Faggiano, F., Jozan, P., Valkonen, T., Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men: An international study (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89 (12), pp. 1800-1806; Martikainen, P., Stansfeld, S., Hemingway, H., Marmot, M., Determinants of socioeconomic differences in change in physical and mental functioning (1999) Social Science & Medicine, 49 (4), pp. 499-507; Matthews, S., Power, C., Socio-economic gradients in psychological distress: A focus on women, social roles and work-home characteristics (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 54 (5), pp. 799-810; McDonough, P., Walters, V., Strohschein, L., Chronic stress and the social patterning of women's health in Canada (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 54 (5), pp. 767-782; McDonough, P., Williams, D.R., House, J.S., Duncan, J.D., Gender and the socioeconomic gradient in mortality (1999) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 40, pp. 17-31; Mihelic, A.H., Crimmins, E.M., Loss to follow-up in a sample of Americans 70 years of age and older: The LSOA 1984-1990 (1997) Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 52 (1), pp. 37-S48; Mishra, G.D., Ball, K., Dobson, A.J., Byles, J.E., Warner-Smith, P., The measurement of socioeconomic status: Investigation of gender- and age-specific indicators in Australia: National Health Survey '95 (2001) Social Indicators Research, 56, pp. 73-89; Mishra, G.D., Ball, K., Dobson, A.J., Byles, J.E., Warner-Smith, P., Which aspects of socioeconomic status are related to health in mid-aged and older women? (2002) International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 9, pp. 263-285; Mishra, G., Brown, W., Dobson, A., Physical and mental health: Changes during menopause transition (2003) Quality of Life Research, 12, pp. 405-412; Mishra, G.D., Schofield, M.J., Norms for the physical and mental component summary scores of the SF-36 for young, middle and older Australian women (1998) Quality of Life Research, 7, pp. 1-6; Mustard, C.A., Derksen, S., Bethelot, J.M., Wolfson, M., Roos, L.L., Age-specific education and income gradients in morbidity and mortality in a Canadian province (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 45 (3), pp. 383-397; (1997) Acting on Australia's Weight: A Strategic Plan for the Prevention of Overweight and Obesity, , Canberra: AGPS; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British Birth Cohort (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87 (9), pp. 1499-1503; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) The Lancet, 350 (9091), pp. 1584-1589; Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E., Huuhka, M., Past or present? Childhood living conditions and current socio-economic status as determinants of adult health (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44 (3), pp. 327-336; Rohlfs, I., Borrell, C., Pasarin, M.I., Plasencia, A., The role of sociodemographic factors in preventive practices. The case of cervical and breast cancer (1999) The European Journal of Public Health, 9 (4), pp. 278-284; (1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6 (4th Ed.), 2. , Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; Singh, C., (1995) A Comparative Analysis of Attrition in Household Panel Studies, , http://www.ceps.lu/paco/pacopub.htm, PACO Document no 10, CEPS/INSTEAD, Differdange, Belgium; Strawbridge, W.J., Cohen, R.D., Shema, S.J., Kaplan, G.A., Successful aging: Predictors and associated activities (1996) American Journal of Epidemiology, 144 (2), pp. 135-141; Stuck, A.E., Walthert, J.M., Nikolaus, T., Bula, C.J., Hohmann, C., Beck, J.C., Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: A systematic literature review (1999) Social Science & Medicine, 48, pp. 445-469; Stronks, K., Van De Mheen, H., Looman, C.W.N., MacKenbach, J.P., The importance of psychosocial stressors for socio-economic inequalities in perceived health (1998) Social Science & Medicine, 46 (45), pp. 611-623; Turrell, G., Oldenburg, B., McGuffog, I., Dent, R., (1999) Socioeconomic Determinants of Health: Towards a National Research Program and a Policy and Intervention Agenda, , Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care; Walters, V., McDonough, P., Strohschein, L., The influence of work, household structure, and social, personal and material resources on gender differences in health: An analysis of the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 54 (5), pp. 677-692; Wamala, S.P., Lynch, J., Kaplan, G.A., Women's exposure to early and later life socioeconomic disadvantage and coronary heart disease risk: The Stockholm female coronary risk study (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 275-284; Ware, J.E., Sherbourne, C.D., The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection (1992) Medical Care, 30, pp. 473-483; (1998) Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts, , R. Wilkinson, & M. Marmot (Eds.), Copenhagen: WHO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442335533&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2803%2900368-X&partnerID=40&md5=e0df8be4a300a84e12aae5a319ea78ee ER - TY - JOUR TI - The generational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in child cognitive development and emotional health T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 58 IS - 6 SP - 1147 EP - 1158 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00286-7 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Najman, J.M. AU - Aird, R. AU - Bor, W. AU - O'Callaghan, M. AU - Williams, G.M. AU - Shuttlewood, G.J. AD - Schools Social Sci. and Pop. Hlth., University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia AD - Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia AD - School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia AD - School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia AB - Socioeconomic inequalities in the health of adults have been largely attributed to lifestyle inequalities. The cognitive development (CD) and emotional health (EH) of the child provides a basis for many of the health-related behaviours which are observed in adulthood. There has been relatively little attention paid to the way CD and EH are transmitted in the foetal and childhood periods, even though these provide a foundation for subsequent socioeconomic inequalities in adult health. The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) is a large, prospective, pre-birth cohort study which enrolled 8556 pregnant women at their first clinic visit over the period 1981-1983. These mothers (and their children) have been followed up at intervals until 14 years after the birth. The socioeconomic status of the child was measured using maternal age, family income, and marital status and the grandfathers' occupational status. Measures of child CD and child EH were obtained at 5 and 14 years of age. Child smoking at 14 years of age was also determined. Family income was related to all measures of child CD and EH and smoking, independently of all other indicators of the socioeconomic status of the child. In addition, the grandfathers' occupational status was independently related to child CD (at 5 and 14 years of age). Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families (previous generations' socioeconomic status as well as current socioeconomic status) begin their lives with a poorer platform of health and a reduced capacity to benefit from the economic and social advances experienced by the rest of society. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Child KW - Cognitive KW - Grandfather KW - Longitudinal KW - Mental health KW - Socioeconomic KW - cognition KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - child KW - child development KW - childbirth KW - cognitive development KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - emotional stability KW - family life KW - female KW - follow up KW - health behavior KW - human KW - income KW - infant KW - lifestyle KW - major clinical study KW - marriage KW - maternal age KW - mental health KW - occupation KW - outcomes research KW - outpatient department KW - pregnancy KW - smoking KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics PB - Elsevier Ltd N1 - Cited By :96 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 14723909 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Najman, J.M.; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; email: j.najman@uq.edu.au N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., (1991) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile, , Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry; Alwin, D.F., Thornton, A., Family origins and the schooling process: Early versus late influence of parental characteristics (1984) American Sociological Review, 49, pp. 794-802; Amminger, G.P., Pape, S., Rock, D., Robers, S.A., Squires-Wheeler, E., Kestenbaum, C., Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L., The New York high risk project: Comorbidity for axis 1 disorders is preceded by childhood behavioral disturbance (2000) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 188 (11), pp. 751-756; Baharudin, R., Luster, T., Factors related to the quality of the home environment and children's achievement (1998) Journal of Family Issues, 19 (4), pp. 375-393; Barker, D.J.P., The foetal and infant origins of inequalities in health in Britain (1991) Journal of Public Health Medicine, 1 (2), pp. 64-68; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models. Empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 285-293; Benzeval, M., The self-reported health status of lone parents (1998) Social Science & Medicine, 46 (10), pp. 1337-1353; Bor, W., Najman, J.M., Andersen, M.J., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G.M., Behrens, B.C., The relationship between low family income and psychological disturbance in young children: An Australian longitudinal study (1997) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31, pp. 664-675; Bracken, B.A., Murray, A.M., Stability and predictive validity of the PPVT-R over an eleven month interval (1984) Educational & Psychological Research, 4 (1), pp. 41-44; Cohen, P., Belmont, L., Dryfoos, J., Stein, A., Zayac, S., The effects of teenaged motherhood and maternal age on offspring intelligence (1980) Social Biology, 27 (2), pp. 138-154; De Lemos, M.M., (1989) Standard Progressive Matrices: Australian Manual, , Hawthorn, Victoria: Australian Council for Educational Research; De Lemos, M.M., The Australian re-standardization of the standard progressive matrices (1989) Psychological Test Bulletin, 2 (2), pp. 17-24; Dean, R.S., The use of the Peabody picture vocabulary test with emotionally disturbed adolescents (1980) Journal of School Psychology, 18 (2), pp. 172-175; Disney, E.R., Elkins, I.J., McGue, M., Iacono, W.G., Effects of ADHD, conduct disorder, and gender on substance use and abuse in adolescence (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry, 156 (10), pp. 1515-1521; Dixon, C., Charles, M.A., Craddock, A.A., The impact of experiences of parental divorce and parental conflict on young Australian adult men and women (1998) Journal of Family Studies, 4 (1), pp. 21-34; Duncan, G., Yeung, W., Brooks-Gunn, J., Smith, J., How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children? (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 406-423; Dunn, L.M., Dunn, L.M., (1981) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-revised, , Circle Lines, MN: American Guidance Service; Dura, J.R., Myers, E.G., Freathy, D.T., Stability of the wide range achievement test in an adolescent psychiatric inpatient setting (1989) Educational & Psychological Measurement, 49 (1), pp. 253-256; Friedman, H.S., Long-term relations of personality and health: Dynamisms, mechanisms and tropisims (2000) Journal of Personality, 68 (6), pp. 1089-1107; Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., Hillemeier, M.M., Does maternal age adversely affect child development? Evidence from cousin comparisons in the United States (1994) Population & Development Review, 20 (3), pp. 585-609; Harper, S., Lynch, J., Hsu, W.L., Everson, S.A., Hillmeier, M.M., Raghunathar, T.E., Saloner, J.T., Kaplan, G.A., Life course socioeconomic conditions and adult psychological functioning (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 395-403; Herrenkohl, T.I., Maguin, E., Hill, K.G., Hawkins, J.D., Abbott, R.D., Catalano, R.F., Developmental risk factors for youth violence (2000) Journal of Adolescent Health, 26 (3), pp. 176-186; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birthweight, childhood socioeconomic environment and cognitive development in the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325 (7359), p. 305; Kenny, D.T., Adolescent pregnancy in Australia (1995) Australia's Adolescents: A Health Psychology Perspective, pp. 239-245. , D.T. Kenny, & R.F.S. Job. Armidale, NSW: University of New England; Kotulak, R., Inside the brain: Revolutionary discoveries of how the mind works (1998) Preventive Medicine, 27, pp. 246-247; Kumpulainen, K., Rasanen, E., Henttonen, I., Hamalainen, M., Roine, S., The persistence of psychiatric deviance from the age of 8 to the age of 15 years (2000) Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35 (1), pp. 5-11; Lantz, P.M., House, J.S., Lepkowski, J.M., Williams, D.R., Mero, R.P., Chen, J., Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and mortality: Results from a nationally representative prospective study of us adults (2001) Journal of American Medical Association, 279, pp. 1703-1708; Mishra, S.P., Reliability and validity of the WRAT with Mexican-American children (1981) Psychology in the Schools, 18 (2), pp. 154-158; Myers, R.S., Neurocognitive, psychosocial, and medical factors in a cardiovascular population (1998) Dissertation Abstracts International: The Sciences and Engineering, 58 (9 B), p. 5133; Nagin, D., Tremblay, R.E., Trajectories of boys' physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and nonviolent juvenile delinquency (1999) Child Development, 70 (5), pp. 1181-1196; Naglieri, J.A., Pfeiffer, S.I., Stability, concurrent and predictive validity of the PPVT-R (1983) Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39 (6), pp. 965-967; Najman, J.M., Bampton, M., An ASCO based occupational status hierarchy for Australia: A research note (1991) Australian & New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 31 (2), pp. 218-231; Najman, J.M., Behrens, B.C., Andersen, M., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G.M., Impact of family type and family quality on child behavior problems: A longitudinal study (1997) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (10), pp. 1357-1365; Najman, J.M., Shaw, M.E., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G., Andersen, M., Working class authoritarian an child socialisation: An Australian study (1994) Australian Journal of Marriage and Family, 15 (3), pp. 137-146; Pagani, L., Boulerice, B., Vitaro, R., Tremblay, R.E., Effects of poverty and delinquency in boys: A change and process model approach (1999) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40 (8), pp. 1209-1219; Pierce, E.W., Ewing, L.J., Campbell, S.B., Diagnostic status and symptomatic behavior of hard-to-manage preschool children in middle childhood and early adolescence (1999) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28 (1), pp. 44-57; Pine, D.S., Cohen, P., Brook, J., Coplan, J.D., Psychiatric symptoms in adolescence as predictors of obesity in early adulthood: A longitudinal study (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87 (8), pp. 1303-1310; Quinn, P.J., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G.M., Najman, J.M., Andersen, M.J., Bor, W., The effect of breastfeeding on child development at 5 years: A cohort study (2001) Journal of Paediatric Child Health, 37 (5), pp. 465-469; Raven, J., The Raven progressive matrices: An overview of international norming studies (1989) Psychological Test Bulletin, 2 (2), pp. 7-16; Setter, C., Peter, R., Siegrist, J., Hort, W., Impact of school and vocational education on smoking behaviour: Results from a large-scale study on adolescents and young adults in Germany' (1998) Sozial und Praventivmedizin, 43 (3), pp. 133-140; Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., (2001) Archives Disease Childhood, 85 (3), pp. 189-196; Smith, J.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Consequences of living in poverty for young children's cognitive and verbal ability and early school achievement (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 132-189. , G.J. Duncan, & J. Brooks-Gunn. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Spieker, S.J., Bensley, L., Roles of living arrangements and grandmother social support in adolescent mothering and infant attachment (1994) Developmental Psychology, 30, pp. 102-111; Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Lemmon, H., Whalley, L.J., Mental ability age 11 years and health status age 77 years (2000) Age-Aging, 29 (6), pp. 523-528; Stenbacka, M., The role of competence factors in reducing the future risk of drug use among young Swedish men (2000) Addiction, 95 (10), pp. 1573-1581; Struner, R.A., Green, J.A., Funk, S.G., Preschool Denver developmental screening test as a predictor of later school problems (1985) Journal of Pediatrics, 57, pp. 744-753; Sundean, D.A., Salopek, T.F., Achievement and intelligence in primary and elementary classes for the educable mentally retarded (1971) Journal of School Psychology, 9 (2), pp. 150-156; Tirozzi, G.N., Closing remarks (1998) Preventive Medicine, 27, pp. 248-249; Turley, R.N., (1999) Child Cognitive Development: Separating the Effects of Mother's Age at Childbirth from Mother's Family Background., , Association Paper: American Sociological Association; Van Rossum, C.T., Shipley, M.J., Van De Mheen, H., Grobbee, D.E., Marmot, M.G., Employment grade differences in cause specific mortality. a 25 year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study (2000) Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 54 (3), pp. 178-184; Wasserman, R.C., Diblasio, C.M., Bond, L.A., Young, P.C., Colletti, R.B., Infant temperament and school age behavior: 6-year longitudinal study in a pediatric practice (1990) Pediatrics, 85 (5), pp. 801-11807; Wilkinson, G.S., (1993) The Wide Range Achievement Test: Administration Manual, , Wilmington, Delaware: Wide Range; Williams, G.M., O'Callaghan, M., Najman, J.M., Bor, W., Andersen, M.J., Richards, D.U.C., Maternal cigarette smoking and child psychiatric morbidity: A longitudinal study (1998) Paediatrics, 102 (1), p. 11; Woodward, C.A., Santa Barbara, J., Roberts, R., Test-retest reliability of the wide range achievement test (1975) Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31 (1), pp. 81-84; Wynder, E.L., Introduction to the report on the conference on the "critical" period of brain development (1998) Preventive Medicine, 27, pp. 166-167; Zahn-Waxler, C., Kochanska, G., Krupnik, J., McKnew, D., Patterns of guilt in children of depressed and well mothers (1990) Developmental Psychology, 26, pp. 51-59; Zubrick, S.R., Silburn, S.R., Garton, A., Burton, P., Dalby, R., Carlton, J., Shepherd, C., Lawrence, D., (1995) Western Australian Child Health Survey: Developing Health and Well-being in the Nineties, , Perth, Western Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Institute for Child Health Research UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347320656&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2803%2900286-7&partnerID=40&md5=24ca70d9f1d0c022de61b56ba1f3309c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birthweight of offspring and paternal insulin resistance and paternal diabetes in late adulthood: Cross sectional survey T2 - Diabetologia J2 - Diabetologia VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 12 EP - 18 PY - 2004 DO - 10.1007/s00125-003-1270-x SN - 0012186X (ISSN) AU - Wannamethee, S.G. AU - Lawlor, D.A. AU - Whincup, P.H. AU - Walker, M. AU - Ebrahim, S. AU - Davey-Smith, G. AD - Dept. of Prim. Care and Pop. Science, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Medical School Hospital, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Prim. Care and Pop. Science, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AB - Aims/hypothesis. It has been proposed that genetic factors involved in insulin action could explain part of the link between low birthweight and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adulthood. To confirm this we examined the association between offspring birthweight and paternal insulin resistance and diabetes in late adulthood. Methods. We did a cross-sectional survey of 4252 men who were 60 to 79 years of age and from 24 British towns. Of these, 2788 men provided details of their offsprings' birthweight and sex. Results. Offspring birthweight was inversely associated with paternal insulin resistance defined by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score and with Type 2 diabetes in late adulthood. Fathers of offspring in the highest quartile of sex-standardised birthweight SD scores had a 34% reduction in odds of having a high HOMA insulin resistance score (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.92) compared with fathers of offspring in the lowest quartile after adjustment for potential confounders. A stronger inverse association was seen between offspring birthweight and risk of paternal diabetes (adjusted OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.38 top quartile vs lowest quartile). For each increase of offspring- birthweight SD score the odds of high HOMA scores decreased by 13% (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.78 to 0.98) and the odds for diabetes by 17% (OR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.95), after full adjustment. Conclusions/interpretation. Offspring birthweight is inversely associated with paternal insulin resistance and diabetes in late adulthood, supporting the hypothesis that genetic factors related to insulin action contribute to the association between birthweight and adult cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk. KW - Offspring birthweight KW - Paternal insulin resistance KW - Type 2 diabetes KW - adult KW - aged KW - birth weight KW - controlled study KW - female KW - health survey KW - heredity KW - homeostasis KW - human KW - insulin resistance KW - male KW - newborn KW - non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - review KW - standardization KW - Aged KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 KW - England KW - Humans KW - Insulin Resistance KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :30 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: DBTGA C2 - 14647894 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wannamethee, S.G.; Dept. of Prim. Care and Pop. Science, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: goya@pcps.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: NHMRC, National Health and Medical Research Council N1 - Funding details: BHF, British Heart Foundation N1 - Funding details: DH, Department of Health N1 - Funding details: NHMRC, National Health and Medical Research Council N1 - Funding text: Acknowledgements. The British Regional Heart Study is a Research Group funded by the British Heart Foundation and receives support from the Department of Health, England. D. A. Lawlor is funded by a Medical Research Council and Department of Health training fellowship. The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Health or Medical Research Council. N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, 2nd Edn., , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Hattersley, A.T., Tooke, J.E., The fetal insulin hypothesis: An alternative explanation of the association of low birthweight with diabetes and vascular disease (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 1789-1792; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Ferrell, C., Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1189-1193; Smith, G.D., Harding, S., Rosato, M., Relation between infants' birth weight and mothers' mortality: Prospective observational study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 839-840; Smith, G.C., Pell, J.P., Walsh, D., Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: A retrospective cohort study of 129,290 births (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 2002-2006; Smith, G.D., Whitley, E., Gissler, M., Hemminki, E., Birth dimensions of offspring, premature birth, and the mortality of mothers (2000) Lancet, 356, pp. 2066-2067; Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Birth weight of offspring and insulin resistance in late adulthood: Cross sectional survey (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 359-362; Lindsay, R.S., Dabelea, D., Roumain, J., Hanson, R.L., Bennett, P.H., Knowler, W.C., Type 2 diabetes and low birth weight: The role of paternal inheritance in the association of low birth weight and diabetes (2000) Diabetes, 49, pp. 445-449; Hypponen, E., Smith, G.D., Power, C., Parental diabetes and birth weight of offspring: Intergenerational cohort study (2003) BMJ, 326, pp. 19-20; Shaper, A.G., Pocock, S.J., Walker, M., Cohen, N.M., Wale, C.J., Thomson, A.G., British Regional Heart Study: Cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns (1981) BMJ, 283, pp. 179-186; Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Lennon, L., Whincup, P.H., Twenty year follow-up of a cohort based in general practices in 24 British towns (2000) J Public Health Med, 22, pp. 479-485; Wannamethee, S.G., Lowe, G.D., Whincup, P.H., Rumley, A., Walker, M., Lennon, L., Physical activity and hemostatic and inflammatory variables in elderly men (2002) Circulation, 105, pp. 1785-1790; Wannamethee, S.G., Whincup, P.H., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of father's social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; Whincup, P.H., Bruce, N.G., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., The Dinamap 1846SX automated blood pressure recorder: Comparison with the Hawksley random zer sphygmomanometer under field conditions (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 164-169; Siedel, J., Hagele, E.O., Ziegenhorn, J., Wahlefeld, A.W., Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total cholesterol with improved lipolytic efficiency (1983) Clin Chem, 29, pp. 1075-1080; Sugiuchi, H., Uji, Y., Okabe, H., Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin (1995) Clin Chem, 41, pp. 717-723; Warnick, G.R., Knopp, R.H., Fitzpatrick, V., Branson, L., Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints (1990) Clin Chem, 36, pp. 15-19; Trinder, P., Determination of blood glucose using 4-aminophenazone as oxygen acceptor (1969) J Clin Pathol, 22, p. 246; Andersen, L., Dinesen, B., Jorgensen, P.N., Poulsen, F., Roder, M.E., Enzyme immunoassay for intact human insulin in serum or plasma (1993) Clin Chem, 39, pp. 578-582; Emberson, J.R., Whincup, P.H., Walker, M., Thomas, M., Alberti, K.G., Biochemical measures in a population-based study: Effect of fasting duration and time of day (2002) Ann Clin Biochem, 39, pp. 493-501; Ferrara, C.M., Goldberg, A.P., Limited value of the homeostasis model assessment to predict insulin resistance in older men with impaired glucose intolerance (2001) Diabetes Care, 24, pp. 245-249; (1999) Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, , WHO, Geneva; Scholl, T.O., Sowers, M., Chen, X., Lenders, C., Maternal glucose concentration influences fetal growth, gestation, and pregnancy complications (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 154, pp. 514-520; Dornhorst, A., Rossi, M., Risk and prevention of type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes (1998) Diabetes Care, 21 (2 SUPPL.), pp. B43-B49; Jackson, W.P., A concept of diabetes (1955) Lancet, 269, pp. 625-631; Kellock, T.D., Birthweight of children of diabetic fathers (1961) Lancet, 1, pp. 1252-1254; Laakso, M., Pyorala, K., Age of onset and type of diabetes (1985) Diabetes Care, 8, pp. 114-117; Stene, L.C., Magnus, P., Lie, R.T., Sovik, O., Joner, G., Birth weight and childhood onset type 1 diabetes: Population based cohort study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 889-892. , The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group; Perry, I.J., Wannamethee, S.G., Walker, M.K., Thomson, A.G., Whincup, P.H., Shaper, A.G., Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle aged British men (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 560-564; O'Sullivan, J.J., Pearce, M.S., Parker, L., Parental recall of birth weight: How accurate is it? (2000) Arch Dis Child, 82, pp. 202-203; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Livingstone, London; Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vagero, D., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15,000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Toumilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 949-953; Hattersley, A.T., Beards, F., Ballantyne, E., Appleton, M., Harvey, R., Ellard, S., Mutations in the glucokinase gene of the fetus result in reduced birth weight (1998) Nat Genet, 19, pp. 268-270; Dunger, D.B., Ong, K.K., Huxtable, S.J., Association of the INS VTNR with size at birth. ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (1998) Nat Genet, 19, pp. 98-100; Ong, K.K., Phillips, D.I., Fall, C., The insulin gene VNTR, type 2 diabetes and birth weight (1999) Nat Genet, 21, pp. 262-263; Casteels, K., Ong, K., Phillips, D., Bendall, H., Pembrey, M., Mitochondrial 16189 variant, thinness at birth, and type-2 diabetes. ALSPAC study team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 1499-1500; Lindsay, R.S., Hanson, R.L., Wiedrich, C., Knowler, W.C., Bennett, P.H., Baier, L.J., The insulin gene variable number tandem repeat class I/III polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with birth weight but not type 2 diabetes in the PIMA population (2003) Diabetes, 52, pp. 187-193 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0942268796&doi=10.1007%2fs00125-003-1270-x&partnerID=40&md5=1b0abd00dc5af173a18e4b4d867dc9a3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Study of seizure and epilepsy in Chinese children in Hong Kong: Period prevalence and patterns T2 - Journal of Child Neurology J2 - J. Child Neurol. VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 25 PY - 2004 SN - 08830738 (ISSN) AU - Wong, V. AD - Div. of Neurodevelopmental Pediat., Dept. of Pediatrics/Adolescent Med., The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China AB - The Hong Kong Children's Seizure and Epilepsy Registry was set up for all children with a history of seizures or epilepsy followed up in the Epilepsy Clinic of the University of Hong Kong. The aim was to study the pattern of seizures and epileptic disorders in Chinese children. The objective was to study the period prevalence of epilepsy and the pattern of epilepsy in Chinese children. A prospective study of seizure and epilepsy in Chinese children was conducted from 1985 to 1997 in Hong Kong. The population census of 1997 was used to calculate the period prevalence of epilepsy in Chinese children. Altogether, 1103 children aged < 19 years at first assessment with epilepsy were included in the study. The period prevalence rate of epilepsy in 1997 (January to December) is estimated to be 4.5 per 1000 children aged < 19 years. The estimated period prevalence rate of children and adolescents with epilepsy in our children is 4.5 per 1000 children. KW - carbamazepine KW - clobazam KW - clonazepam KW - corticotropin KW - ethosuximide KW - gabapentin KW - lamotrigine KW - nitrazepam KW - phenobarbital KW - phenytoin KW - prednisone KW - primidone KW - pyridoxine KW - topiramate KW - valproic acid KW - vigabatrin KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - calculation KW - child KW - child care KW - Chinese KW - controlled study KW - disease course KW - drug use KW - electroencephalogram KW - epilepsy KW - female KW - hemispherectomy KW - Hong Kong KW - human KW - ketogenic diet KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - neurologic examination KW - pediatric surgery KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - seizure KW - Adolescent KW - Asian Continental Ancestry Group KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Hong Kong KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Population Surveillance KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Seizures KW - Treatment Outcome N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOCNE C2 - 15032378 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wong, V.; Div. of Neurodevelopmental Pediat., Dept. of Pediatrics/Adolescent Med., The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; email: vcnwong@hkucc.hku.hk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: carbamazepine, 298-46-4, 8047-84-5; clobazam, 22316-47-8; clonazepam, 1622-61-3; corticotropin, 11136-52-0, 9002-60-2, 9061-27-2; ethosuximide, 77-67-8; gabapentin, 60142-96-3; lamotrigine, 84057-84-1; nitrazepam, 146-22-5; phenobarbital, 50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0; phenytoin, 57-41-0, 630-93-3; prednisone, 53-03-2; primidone, 125-33-7; pyridoxine, 12001-77-3, 58-56-0, 65-23-6, 8059-24-3; topiramate, 97240-79-4; valproic acid, 1069-66-5, 99-66-1; vigabatrin, 60643-86-9 N1 - References: Shorvon, S.D., Epidemiology, classification, natural history, and genetics of epilepsy (1989) Lancet, 336, pp. 93-96; Cowan, L., Bodensteiner, J.B., Leviton, A., Doherty, L., Prevalence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 94-106; Guidelines for epidermiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 134, pp. 592-596. , Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against Epilepsy; Blom, S., Heijbel, J., Bergfors, P.G., Incidence of epilepsy in children: A follow up study three years after the first seizure (1978) Epilepsia, 19, pp. 343-350; Beilmann, A., Napa, A., Hämarik, M., Incidence of childhood epilepsy in Estonia (1999) Brain Dev., 21, pp. 166-174; Sillanpaa, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) N. Engl. J. Med., 338, pp. 1715-1722; Sidenvall, R., Forsgren, L., Blomquist, H.K., A community-based propective study of epileptic seizures in children (1993) Acta Paediatr., 82, pp. 60-65; Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the child health and education study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 857-861; Ellenberg, J.H., Hirtz, D.G., Nelson, K.B., Age at onset of seizures in young children (1984) Ann. Neurol., 15, pp. 127-134; Braathen, G., Theorell, K., A general hospital population of childhood epilepsy (1995) Acta Paediatr., 84, pp. 1143-1146; Doerfer, J., Wasser, S., An epidermologic study of febrile seizures and epilepsy in children (1987) Epilepsy Res., 1, pp. 149-151; Doose, H., Sitepu, B., Childhood epilepsy in a German city (1983) Neuropediatrics, 14, pp. 220-224; Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Gordon, K., Incidence of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence: A population based study in Nova Scotia from 1977 to 1985 (1996) Epilepsia, 137, pp. 19-23; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British National Child Development Study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-342; Rantala, H., Ingalsuo, H., Occurrence and outcome of epilepsy in children younger than 2 years (1999) J. Pediatr., 135, pp. 761-764; Cavazzuti, G.B., Epidemiology of different types of epilepsy in school age children of Modena, Italy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 57-62; Steffenberg, U., Hedström, A., Lindroth, A., Intractable epilepsy in a population-based series of mentally retarded children (1998) Epilepsia, 139, pp. 767-775; Shepherd, C., Hosking, G., Epilepsy in school children with intellectual impairments in Sheffield: The size and nature of the problem and the implications for service provision (1989) J. Ment. Defic. Res., 133, pp. 511-514; Pazzaglia, P., Frank-Pazzaglia, L., Record in grade school of pupils with epilepsy: An epidemiological study (1976) Epilepsia, 17, pp. 361-366; Baumann, R.J., Marx, M.B., Leonidakis, M.G., Epilepsy in rural Kentucky: Prevalence in a population of school age children (1978) Epilepsia, 19, pp. 75-80; Waaler, P.E., Blom, B.H., Skeidsvoll, H., Mykletun, A., Prevalence, classification, and severity of epilepsy in children in western Norway (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 802-810; von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Saukkonen, A.L., Makinen, H., Epilepsy and associated handicaps in a 1 year birth cohort in northern Finland (1985) Eur. J. Pediatr., 1144, pp. 149-151; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota: 1940-1980 (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 429-445; Eriksson, K.J., Koivikko, M.J., Prevalence, classification, and severity of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes in children (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 1275-1282; Goodridge, D.M.G., Shorvon, S.D., Epileptic seizures in a population of 6000. 1: Demography, diagnosis and classification (1983) BMJ, 287, pp. 641-644; Kramer, U., Nevo, Y., Neufeld, M.Y., Epidemiology of epilepsy in childhood: A cohort of 440 consecutive patients (1998) Pediatr. Neurol., 18, pp. 46-50; Freeman, J.M., Jacobs, H., Vining, E., Rabin, C.E., Epilepsy and the inner city schools: A school-based program that makes a difference (1984) Epilepsia, 25, pp. 438-442; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935-1984 (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 453-468; Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., Incidence and prevalence studies in epilepsy and their methodological problems: A review (1987) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 50, pp. 829-839; Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., Epidemiology of the epilepsies (1996) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 61, pp. 433-443; Hauser, W.A., Kurland, L.T., The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967 (1975) Epilepsia, 16, pp. 1-66; Pavlovic, M., Jarebinski, M., Pekmezovic, T., Seizure disorders in preschool children in a Serbian district (1998) Neuroepidemiology, 17, pp. 105-110; Van der Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. I. Incidence of febrile and nonfebrile convulsions by age and other factors (1969) Pediatr. Res., 3, pp. 298-304; Ishida, S., Prevalence of epilepsy in Okayama prefecture: A neuroepidemiologic study (1985) Folia Psychiatr. Neurol. Jpn., 139, pp. 325-332; Joensen, P., Prevalence, incidence and classfication of epilepsy in the Faroes (1986) Acta Neurol. Scand., 74, pp. 150-155; Tsuboi, T., Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Tokyo (1988) Epilepsia, 29, pp. 103-110; Lavados, J., Germain, L., Morales, L., A descriptive study of epilepsy in the district of El-Salvador, Chile, 1984-1988 (1992) Acta Neurol. Scand., 85, pp. 249-256; Placencia, M., Shorvon, S.D., Paredes, V., Epileptic seizures in an Andean region of Ecuador (1992) Brain, 115, pp. 771-782; Rwiza, H.T., Kilonzo, G.P., Haule, J., Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Ulanga, a rural Tanzanian district: A community-based study (1992) Epilepsia, 33, pp. 1051-1056; Cockerell, O.C., Eckle, I., Goodridge, D.M., Epilepsy in a population of 6000 reexamined: Secular trends in first attendance rates, prevalence, and prognosis (1995) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 58, pp. 570-576; Olafsson, E., Hauser, W.A., Ludvigsson, P., Incidence of epilepsy in rural Iceland: A population-based study (1996) Epilepsia, 137, pp. 951-955; Tekle-Haimanot, R., Forsgren, L., Ekstedt, J., Incidence of epilepsy in rural central Ethiopia (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 541-546; Mani, K.S., Rangan, G., Srinivas, H.V., The Yellandur study: A community-based approach to epilepsy in rural South India: Epidemiological aspects (1998) Seizure, 7, pp. 281-288; Kwong, K.L., Chak, W.K., Wong, S.N., So, K.T., Epidemiology of childhood epilepsy in a cohort of 309 Chinese children (2001) Pediatr. Neurol., 24, pp. 276-282; Tidman, L., Saravanan, K., Gibbs, J., Epilepsy in mainstream and special educational primary school settings (2003) Seizure, 112, pp. 47-51; Kotsopoulos, I.A.W., van Merode, T., Kessels, F.G.H., Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence studies of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures (2002) Epilepsia, 143, pp. 1402-1409; Asawavichienjinda, T., Sitthi-Amorn, C., Tanyanont, W., Prevalence of epilepsy in rural Thailand: A population-based study (2002) J. Med. Assoc. Thai., 85, pp. 1066-1073; Sillanpaa, M., Jalava, M., Shinnar, S., Epilepsy syndromes in patients with childhood-onset seizures in Finland (1999) Pediatr. Neurol., 121, pp. 533-537; (2001), Population data from Census Hong Kong. Website of Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: Available at: www.info.gov.hk/censtatd; Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399. , Commission on Classification and Terminology, International League Against Epilepsy; Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 489-501. , Commission of Classification and Terminology, International League Against Epilepsy; Proposal for classification of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes (1985) Epilepsia, 116, pp. 268-278. , Commission on Classification and Terminology, International League Against Epilepsy; Engel Jr., J., A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification and Terminology (2001) Epilepsia, 42, pp. 796-803; Wong, V., Hong Kong Children's Seizure & Epilepsy Registry (HKCSER) (1997) Neurol. J. Southeast Asia, 2, pp. 201-206; Wong, V., Hong Kong Children's Seizure and Epilepsy Registry (HKCSER) (1997) Proceedings of the 9th Annual Scientific Meeting of Hong Kong Neurological Society, 11, pp. 25-26. , Hong Kong, Hong Kong Neurological Society; Wong, V., Hong Kong Children's Seizure & Epilepsy Registry (HKCSER) (1998) Brain Dev., 20, p. 443. , Proceedings of the 8th International Child Neurology Congress (Slovenia, 1998 September 13-17) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542393777&partnerID=40&md5=909ffb6773b7cdf3851f23f1b1f126be ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combination of low birth weight and high adult body mass index: At what age is it established and what are its determinants? T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 57 IS - 12 SP - 969 EP - 973 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1136/jech.57.12.969 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Li, L. AU - Manor, O. AU - Davey Smith, G. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To investigate growth trajectories and predictive factors for those with low birth weight and high adult BMI. Design: Birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants: All born 3-9 March, 1958. Main outcome measures: People at "high risk" of adult disease were defined as having a combination of lower birth weight (in the lowest third of the distribution) and high BMI (in the highest third of the distribution at age 33). Results: 284 of 3462 men and 338 of 3555 women were identified as "high risk". This group was shorter than other cohort members at age 7, on average by 1.2 cm (boys) and 1.8 cm (girls), with a deficit of about 3 cm in adult height. The "high risk" group had a similar mean weight to other subjects at age 7, but were heavier thereafter through to age 23. BMI was increased at all ages in the "high risk" group. Independent predictors include paternal BMI, maternal height and smoking in pregnancy, and social class. For each SD increase in father's BMI the odds of low birth weight/high BMI increased by about 20%. For maternal height, a 1 cm increase reduced the odds of low birth weight/high BMI by about 5%. Increased ORs for "high risk" were found for those with manual social origins (1.61 for men; 1.49 for women) and for maternal smoking in pregnancy (1.79 and 2.27 respectively). Conclusions: Maternal short stature, low social class, and smoking during pregnancy influence the development of "high risk" for adult chronic disease. The causes of high risk therefore seem to reside in utero and even earlier, in the mother's lifetime, with adverse conditions having a detrimental affect and favourable conditions protecting against high risk. KW - health risk KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - child growth KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - high risk population KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal welfare KW - pregnancy KW - smoking KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 14652264 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Gillman, M.W., Rich-Edwards, J.W.T., He fetal origin of adult disease: From sceptic to convert (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, pp. 192-193; Barker, D.J., Hales, C.N., Fall, C.H., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): Relation to reduced fetal growth (1993) Diabetologia, 36, pp. 62-67; Lithell, H.O., McKeigue, P.M., Berglund, L., Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 406-410; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1019-1022; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; Frankel, S., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Birthweight, body-mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1478-1480; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: Longitudinal study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 427-431; Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.G., Adshead, F., Childhood size is more strongly related than size at birth to glucose and insulin levels in 10-11-year-old children (1997) Diabetologia, 40, pp. 319-326; Crowther, N.J., Cameron, N., Trusler, J., Association between poor glucose tolerance and rapid post natal weight gain in seven-year-old children (1998) Diabetologia, 41, pp. 1163-1167; Bavdekar, A., Yajnik, C.S., Fall, C.H., Insulin resistance syndrome in 8-year-old Indian children: Small at birth, big at 8 years, or both? (1999) Diabetes, 48, pp. 2422-2429; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (8 SUPPL.), pp. S1-107; Power, C., Parsons, T., Nutritional and other influences in childhood as predictors of adult obesity (2000) Proc Nutr Soc, 59, pp. 1-6; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman Hall; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: A systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hypertens, 18, pp. 815-831; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vagero, D., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Fetal and early growth and body mass index: Birth to early adulthood in the 1958 British cohort (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1331-1335; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children. Results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Karlberg, J., Lawrence, C., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Prediction of final height in short, normal and tall children (1994) Acta Paediatr, 406, pp. 3-9; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 663-668; Gulliford, M., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Social environment and height: England and Scotland 1987 and 1988 (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 235-240; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, H.C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Freeman, J.V., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Weight-for-height indices of adiposity: Relationships with height in childhood and early adult life (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 970-976; Beunen, G., Malina, R.M., Lefevre, J., Size, fatness and relative fat distribution of males of contrasting maturity status during adolescence and as adults (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 670-678; Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta- analysis (1987) Bull World Health Organ, 65, pp. 663-737; Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., The epidemiology of prematurity: Aetiology, prevalence and outcome (1989) Annales Nestle, 47, pp. 69-88; Vik, T., Jacobsen, G., Vatten, L., Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy (1996) Early Hum Dev, 45, pp. 245-255; Power, C., Jefferis, B.J., Fetal environment and subsequent obesity: A study of maternal smoking (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 413-419; Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: Ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 897-900; Nafstad, P., Jaakkola, J.J., Hagen, J.A., Weight gain during the first year of life in relation to maternal smoking and breast feeding in Norway (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 261-265; Conter, V., Cortinovis, I., Rogari, P., Weight growth in infants born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 768-771; Blake, K.V., Gurrin, L.C., Evans, S.F., Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight and subsequent blood pressure in early childhood (2000) Early Hum Dev, 57, pp. 137-147; Jacobson, J.L., Jacobson, S.W., Sokol, R.J., Effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, smoking, and illicit drugs on postpartum somatic growth (1994) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 18, pp. 317-323; Perry, I., Fetal growth and development: The role of nutrition and other factors (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 145-168. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ounsted, M., Scott, A., Ounsted, C., Transmission through the female line of a mechanism constraining human fetal growth (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 143-151; Emanuel, I., Invited commentary: An assessment of maternal intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 146, pp. 820-825; Tarin, J.J., Brines, J., Cano, A., Long-term effects of delayed parenthood (1998) Hum Reprod, 13, pp. 2371-2376; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death - Specific explanations of a general pattern (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Phillips, A.N., Short stature, lung function and risk of a heart attack (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 602-606; Yarnell, J.W., Limb, E.S., Layzell, J.M., Height: A risk marker for ischaemic heart disease: Prospective results from the Caerphilly and Speedwell Heart Disease Studies (1992) Eur Heart J, 13, pp. 1602-1605 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346216099&doi=10.1136%2fjech.57.12.969&partnerID=40&md5=af62dbe110ff29a5c78095f8b10adf75 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cigarette consumption and socio-economic circumstances in adolescence as predictors of adult smoking T2 - Addiction J2 - Addiction VL - 98 IS - 12 SP - 1765 EP - 1772 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00552.x SN - 09652140 (ISSN) AU - Jefferis, B. AU - Graham, H. AU - Manor, O. AU - Power, C. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Applied Social Science, Cartmel College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Aim: To investigate effects of cigarette consumption level and socio-economic circumstances during adolescence on adult smoking. Methods: 1958 British birth cohort (all births 3-9 March 1958). Logistic regression used to predict (i) smoking at 41 years and (ii) persistent smoking (at 23, 33 and 41 years) from cigarette consumption and socio-economic circumstances at 16 years, indicated by social class and educational qualifications. Results: Of 6537 subjects with full smoking history, 30% smoked at 16 years, 23% smoked at 41 years and 19% smoked at 23, 33 and 41 years (persistent smokers). Heavier smokers at 16, 23 and 33 years were more likely to smoke at 41 years than lighter smokers. The odds ratio (OR) of smoking at 41 years was 2.5 for men and 3.0 for women who smoked ≥60 cigarettes/week at age 16, relative to <20 cigarettes/week. Subjects from manual social backgrounds and those with no qualifications had elevated risks of being a smoker at 41 years or a persistent smoker. These effects were robust to adjustment for adolescent consumption level (e.g. adjusted OR for no qualifications was 3.8). However, adolescent consumption level modified the effect of educational achievements. Among lighter adolescent smokers, those gaining higher qualifications had lower prevalence of smoking at 41 years (16%) than men with no qualifications (83%); among heavier adolescent smokers, prevalence was more similar for subjects with higher (56%) and no qualifications (69%). Conclusions: Socio-economic background appears to influence adult smoking behaviour separately from adolescent cigarette consumption which is a recognized measure of nicotine dependence. There was some evidence that effects of early nicotine dependence are modified by educational achievements. KW - Adolescence KW - Cigarette consumption KW - Cohort studies KW - Education KW - Life-course KW - Smoking KW - Socio-economic status KW - nicotine KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - article KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - education KW - epidemiology KW - female KW - health behavior KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - parent KW - sex ratio KW - smoking KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Educational Status KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Parents KW - Sex Distribution KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :60 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADICE C2 - 14651509 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jefferis, B.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: B.Jefferis@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: nicotine, 54-11-5 N1 - References: Becher, H., (2001) I: Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Young People in England in 2000, , London: Stationery Office; Brunner, E., Shipley, M.J., Blane, D., Smith, G.D., Marmot, M.G., When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood (1999) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 53, pp. 757-764; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Crialesi, R., Grotvedt, L., Helmert, U., Lahelma, E., Mackenbach, J.P., Educational differences in smoking: International comparison (2000) British Medical Journal, 320, pp. 1102-1107; (1994) National Child Development Study Composite File Including Selected Perinatal Data and Sweeps One to Five [Computer File], , National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. The Data Archive distributor Colchester. Essex. SN: 3148; Chassin, L., Pressen, C.C., Sherman, S.J., Edwards, D.A., The natural history of cigarette smoking: Predicting young-adult smoking outcomes from adolescent smoking patterns (1990) Health Psychology, 9, pp. 701-716; (1998) Smoking Kills: A White Paper on Tobacco, , London: Stationery Office; Derzon, J.H., Lipsey, M.W., Predicting tobacco use to age 18: A synthesis of longitudinal research (1999) Addiction, 94, pp. 995-1006; Erens, B., Prlmatesta, P., (1999) Health Survey for England 1998. Cardiovascular Disease, , London: Stationery Office; Etter, J.F., Due, T.V., Perneger, T.V., Validity of the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence and of the Heaviness of Smoking Index among relatively light smokers (1999) Addiction, 94, pp. 269-281; Fagerström, K.O., Schneider, K.C., Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (1989) Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12, pp. 159-182; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Glendinning, A., Shucksmith, J., Hendry, L., Social class and adolescent smoking behaviour (1994) Social Science and Medicine, 38, pp. 1449-1460; Graham, H., Smoking prevalence among women in the European community 1950-90 (1996) Social Science and Medicine, 43, pp. 243-254; Graham, H., Der, G., Smoking and women's health. Influences on women's smoking status. The contribution of socioeconomic status in adolescence and adulthood (1999) European Journal of Public Health, 9, pp. 137-141; Heatherton, T.F., Kozlowski, L.T., Frecker, R.C., Rickert, W., Robinson, J., Measuring the heaviness of smoking using self-reported time to first cigarette and number of cigarettes smoked per day (1989) British Journal of Addiction, 84, pp. 791-799; Heatherton, T., Kozlowski, L., Frecker, R., Fagerström, K., The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (1991) British Journal of Addiction, 86, pp. 1119-1127; Hedges, B., Jarvis, M., Cigarette smoking (1999) The Health of Young People' 95-97, 1. , Prescott-Clarke, P. & Primatesta, P., eds. London: Stationery Office; Hobcroft, J., Kiernan, K., Childhood poverty, early motherhood and adult social exclusion (1999) CASE Paper 28, , London: London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; Hymowitz, N., Cummings, K.M., Hyland, A., Lynn, W.R., Pechacek, T.F., Hartwell, T.D., Predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of adult smokers followed for five years (1997) Tobacco Control, 6, pp. S57-S62; Hymowitz, N., Sexton, M., Ockene, J., Grandits, G., Baseline factors associated with smoking cessation and relapse (1991) Preventive Medicine, 20, pp. 590-601; Janson, H., Longitudinal patterns of tobacco smoking from childhood to middle age (1999) Addictive Behaviors, 24, pp. 239-249; Jarvis, M.J., Patterns and predictors of smoking cessation in the general population (1997) The Tobacco Epidemic, pp. 151-164. , Bolliger, C. T. & Fagerstrom, K. O., eds. Basel: Karger; Jarvis, M.J., Wardle, J., Social patterning of individual health behaviours: The case of cigarette smoking (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 240-255. , Marmot, M. & Wilkinson, R. G., eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Graham, H., Manor, O., Do childhood socio-economic circumstances have an effect on persistent smoking beyond adult circumstances? (2004) American Journal of Public Health, , in press; Koivusilta, L., Rimpela, A., Rimpela, M., Health-related lifestyle in adolescence-origin of social class differences in health? (1999) Health Education Research, 14, pp. 339-355; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 44, pp. 809-819; McGee, R., Stanton, W.R., A longitudinal study of reasons for smoking in adolescence (1993) Addiction, 88, pp. 265-271; McNeill, A.D., The development of dependence on smoking in children (1991) British Journal of Addiction, 86, pp. 589-592; McNeill, A.D., Jarvis, M.J., Stapleton, J.A., Russell, M.A., Eiser, J.R., Gammage, P., Gray, E.M., Prospective study of factors predicting uptake of smoking in adolescents (1989) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 43, pp. 72-78; Nordstrom, B.L., Kinnunen, T., Utman, C.H., Krall, E.A., Vokonas, P.S., Garvey, A.J., Predictors of continued smoking over 25 years of follow-up in the normative aging study (2000) American Journal of Public Health, 90, pp. 404-406; (2001) Living in Britain: General Household Survey 2000/2001, , London: Stationery Office; Osier, M., Prescott, E., Psychosocial, behavioural, and health determinants of successful smoking cessation: A longitudinal study of Danish adults (1998) Tobacco Control, 7, pp. 262-267; Osler, M., Prescott, E., Godtfredsen, N., Hein, H.O., Schnohr, P., Gender and determinants of smoking cessation: A longitudinal study (1999) Preventive Medicine, 29, pp. 57-62; Peto, R., Darby, S., Deo, H., Silcocks, P., Whitley, E., Doll, R., Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: Combination of national statistics with two case-control studies (2000) British Medical Journal, 321, pp. 323-329; Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., Thun, M., Heath, C., (1994) Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries, 1950-2000: Indirect Estimates from National Vital Statistics, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 6, pp. 81-110; Rawbone, R.G., Keeling, C.A., Jenkins, A., Guz, A., Cigarette smoking among secondary schoolchildren in 1975. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms, knowledge of health hazards, and attitudes to smoking and health (1978) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, pp. 53-58; Rawbone, R.G., Keeling, C.A., Jenkins, A., Guz, A., Cigarette smoking among secondary school children in 1975: Its prevalence and some factors that promote smoking (1979) Health Education Journal, 38, pp. 92-99; Rebagliato, M., Validation of self reported smoking (2002) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56, pp. 163-164; (2000) Nicotine Addiction in Britain, , London: Royal College of Physicians of London; Salive, M.E., Cornoni-Huntley, J., LaCroix, A.Z., Ostfeld, A.M., Wallace, R.B., Hennekens, C.H., Predictors of smoking cessation and relapse in older adults (1992) American Journal of Public Health, 82, pp. 1268-1271; Schooling, M., Kuh, D., A life course perspective on women's health behaviours (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 279-292. , Kuh, D. & Hardy, R., eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Tyas, S.L., Pederson, L.L., Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: A critical review of the literature (1998) Tobacco Control, 7, pp. 409-420; (1998) The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon-General, , Washington: DHSS; Wald, N., Nicolaides-Bauman, A., (1991) UK Smoking Statistics, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain. Results from the 2000/01 General Household Survey, , London: Stationery Office; Wisborg, K., Henriksen, T.B., Obel, C., Skajaa, E., Ostergaard, J.R., Smoking during pregnancy and hospitalization of the child (1999) Pediatrics, 104, pp. e46; (1998) Health in Europe 1997, 83, , WHO Regional Publication, European Series. Copenhagen: WHO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346788963&doi=10.1111%2fj.1360-0443.2003.00552.x&partnerID=40&md5=9f3fafaca482def652b6f40202e974c9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A lesson for education: University expansion and falling income mobility T2 - New Economy J2 - New Econ. VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 194 EP - 198 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1046/j.1468-0041.2003.00316.x SN - 10703535 (ISSN) AU - Machin, S. AU - Gregg, P. AD - Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, London, United Kingdom AB - A key question is whether rising inequality within generations, including increased inequality during the childhood years, has been associated with changes in inequality across generations. In this article we consider this question, asking whether the extent of intergenerational mobility has also altered over time. We use data on two birth cohorts (one born in 1958, the other in 1970). Our key findings are as follows: • the extent of intergenerational mobility in economic status has reduced substantially over time. Individuals' earnings and income are more closely tied to parental income for the more recent cohort than they are for the older cohort. • this has been, at least partially, driven by the fact that the rapid expansion of the higher education system over this period was concentrated among people from higher income backgrounds. This has acted to slow down and restrict the extent of mobility up or down the distribution across generations. • differences in education policy are significant in explaining the observed patterns of change. KW - educational development KW - equity KW - income distribution KW - intergenerational transfer KW - mobility KW - socioeconomic status KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Machin, S.; Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Blanden, J., Goodman, A., Gregg, P., Machin S, Changes in intergenerational mobility in Britain (2002) Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, , forthcoming in Corak M (ed) Cambridge University Press; Blanden, J., Gregg, P., Machin, S., (2003) Changes in Educational Inequality, , Centre for the Economics of Education Discussion Paper (forthcoming); Goodman, A., Johnson, P., Webb, S., (1997) Inequality in the UK, , Institute for Fiscal Studies; Machin, S., Wage Inequality in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s (1999) The State of Working Britain, , Gregg P and Wadsworth J (eds) Manchester University Press; Micklewright J, (1986) A Note on Household Income in NCDS3, , City University NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 18 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344256582&doi=10.1046%2fj.1468-0041.2003.00316.x&partnerID=40&md5=08ad68c128eccd63ec59daaee0082d88 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Depression in Adult Women: Age Changes and Cohort Effects T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - Am. J. Public Health VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 2061 EP - 2066 PY - 2003 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Kasen, S. AU - Cohen, P. AU - Chen, H. AU - Castille, D. AD - Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - Unit 47, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States AB - Objectives. We sought to separate age and cohort associations with depression, assessed 3 times within a 10-year period in 701 women born between 1928 and 1958. Methods. We used regression analysis to examine age differences in women with depression in 2 birth cohorts, pre-1945 and post-1944, who were assessed at comparable ages. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate changes with age in successive birth year cohorts. Results. An age by cohort interaction indicated more depression among younger than older women in the post-1944 cohort but a flat age profile in the pre-1945 cohort. Longitudinal analyses indicated declines in depression with age in more recent cohorts but increases in earlier ones. Conclusions. Increases in depression in younger women in successive cohorts may be offset by decreases in middle age. KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - birth KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - disease association KW - evaluation KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - model KW - regression analysis KW - cross-sectional study KW - educational status KW - follow up KW - marriage KW - middle aged KW - risk factor KW - United States KW - women's health KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Depressive Disorder KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Marital Status KW - Middle Aged KW - New York KW - Risk Factors KW - Women's Health N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 14652335 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kasen, S.; Unit 47, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States; email: sk57@columbia.edu N1 - References: Fombonne, E., Time trends in affective disorders (1999) Historical and Geographic Influences on Psychopathology, , Cohen P, Slomkowski C, Robins LN, eds. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates; The changing rate of major depression: Cross-national comparisons (1992) JAMA, 268, pp. 3098-3105; Hagnell, O., Lanke, J., Rorsman, B., Ojesjo, L., Are we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illnesses in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: The Lundby Study, Sweden (1982) Psychol Med, 12, pp. 279-289; Klerman, G.L., Weissman, M.M., Increasing rates of depression (1989) JAMA, 261, pp. 2229-2235; Wickramaratne, P.J., Weissman, M.M., Leaf, P.J., Holford, T.R., Age, period and cohort effects on the risk of major depression: Results from five United States communities (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 333-343; (1975) Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970s: Part I, , Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census, US Dept of Commerce; Reskin, B.F., Padavic, I., (1994) Women and Men at Work, , Thousand Oaks, Calif: Pine Forge Press; Aube, J., Fleury, J., Smetana, J., Changes in women's roles: Impact on and social policy implications for the mental health of women (2000) Dev Psychopathol, 12, pp. 633-656; Bond, J.T., Galinsky, E., Swanberg, J.E., (1998) The 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce, , New York, NY: Families and Work Institute; Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Divorce and the American family (1990) Am Rev Sociol, 16, pp. 379-403; Bianchi, S.M., Spain, D., (1983) American Women: Three Decades of Change, , Washington, DC: US Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; Barnett, R.C., Hyde, J.S., Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory (2001) Am Psychol, 56, pp. 781-796; Aneshensel, C.S., Marital and employment role strain, social support, and depression among adult women (1986) Stress, Social Support, and Women, pp. 99-114. , Hobfoll SE, ed. New York, NY: Hemisphere; Kandel, D.B., Davies, M., Raveis, V.H., The stressfulness of daily social roles for women: Marital, occupational and household roles (1985) J Health Soc Behav, 26, pp. 64-78; Srole, L., Fischer, A.K., The Midtown Manhattan Longitudinal Study vs "the Mental Paradise Lost" doctrine: A controversy joined (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, pp. 209-221; Hasin, D., Link, B., Age and recognition of depression: Implications for a cohort effect in major depression (1988) Psychol Med, 18, pp. 683-688; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51, pp. 8-19; Robins, L.N., Locke, B.Z., Regier, D.A., An overview of psychiatric disorders in America (1991) Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, pp. 328-366. , Robins LN, Regier DA, eds. New York, NY: Free Press; Weissman, M.M., Bruce, M.L., Leal, P.J., Florio, L.P., Holzer, C., Affective disorders (1991) Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, pp. 53-80. , Robins LN, Regier DA, eds. New York, NY: Free Press; Kessler, R.C., McRae Jr., J.A., Trends in the relationship between sex and psychological distress: 1957-1976 (1981) Am Sociol Rev, 46, pp. 443-452; Kessler, R.C., Foster, C., Webster, P.S., House, J.S., The relationship between age and depressive symptoms in two national surveys (1992) Psychol Aging, 7, pp. 119-126; Aneshensel, C.S., Estrada, A.L., Hansell, M.J., Clark, V.A., Social psychological aspects of reporting behavior: Lifetime depressive episode reports (1987) J Health Soc Behav, 28, pp. 232-246; Parker, G., Are the lifetime prevalence estimates in the ECA study accurate? (1987) Psychol Med, 17, pp. 275-282; Gallo, J.J., Rabins, P.V., Anthony, J.C., Sadness in older persons: 13-Year follow-up of a community sample in Baltimore, Maryland (1999) Psychol Med, 29, pp. 341-350; Berger, M.P.F., A comparison of efficiencies of longitudinal, mixed longitudinal, and cross sectional designs (1986) J Educ Stat, 11, pp. 171-181; Kraemer, H.C., Yesavage, J.A., Taylor, J.L., Kupfer, D., How can we learn about developmental processes from cross-sectional studies, or can we? (2000) Am J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 162-171; Murphy, J.M., Laird, N.M., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., A 40-year perspective on the prevalence of depression (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57, pp. 209-215; Murphy, J.M., Laird, N.M., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., Incidence of depression in the Stirling County Study: Historical and comparative perspectives (2000) Psychol Med, 30, pp. 505-514; Costa Jr., P.T., Zonderman, A.B., McCrae, R.R., Comoni-Huntley, J., Locke, B.Z., Barbano, H.E., Longitudinal analyses of psychological well-being in a national sample: Stability of mean levels (1987) J Gerontol, 42, pp. 50-55; Roberts, R.E., Lee, E.S., Roberts, C.R., Changes in prevalence of depressive symptoms in Alameda County (1991) J Aging Health, 3, pp. 66-86; Weissman, M.M., Boyd, J.H., The epidemiology of affective disorders: Rates and risk factors (1983) Psychiatry Update: American Psychiatric Association Annual Review, 2, pp. 406-428. , Grinspoon L, ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Johnson, J., Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Service utilization and social morbidity with depressive symptoms in the community (1992) JAMA, 267, pp. 1478-1483; Broadhead, W.E., Blazer, D.G., George, L.K., Tse, C.K., Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey (1990) JAMA, 264, pp. 2524-2528; Horwath, E., Johnson, J., Klerman, G.L., Weissman, M.M., Depressive symptoms as relative and attributable risk factors for first-onset major depression (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 817-823; Zonderman, A.B., Herbst, J.H., Schmidt Jr., C., Costa Jr., P.T., McCrae, R.R., Depressive symptoms as a non-specific, graded risk for psychiatric diagnoses (1993) J Abnormal Psychol, 102, pp. 544-552; Cohen, P., Cohen, J., (1996) Life Values and Adolescent Mental Health, , Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates; Kogan, L.S., Smith, J., Jenkins, S., Ecological validity of indicator data as predictors of survey findings (1977) J Soc Serv Res, 1, pp. 117-132; Derogatis, L.R., Lipman, R.S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E.H., Covi, L., The Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL): A self-report inventory (1974) Behav Sci, 19, pp. 1-15; Crawford, T.N., Cohen, P., Midlarsky, E., Brook, J.S., Internalizing symptoms in adolescents: Gender differences in vulnerability to parental distress and discord (2001) J Res Adolesc, 11, pp. 95-118; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Smailes, E., Brook, J.S., Association of maladaptive parental behavior with psychiatric disorder among parents and their offspring (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, pp. 453-460; Kessler, R.C., Cleary, P.D., Social class and psychological distress (1980) Am Social Rev, 45, pp. 463-478; Gove, W.R., Hughes, M., Style, C.B., Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well-being of the individual? (1984) J Health Soc Behav, 24, pp. 122-131; Hollingshead, A.B., Redlich, F.C., (1958) Social Class and Mental Illness: A Community Study, , New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; McArdle, J.J., Bell, R.Q., An introduction to latent growth models for developmental data analysis (2000) Modeling Longitudinal and Multiple Group Data: Practical Issues, Applied Approaches, and Specific Examples, pp. 69-107. , Little TD, Schnabel KU, Baumert J, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; Littell, R.C., Miliken, G.A., Stroup, W.W., Wolfinger, R.D., (1996) SAS System for Mixed Models, , Cary, NC: SAS Institute; Singer, J.D., Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models (1998) J Educ Behav Stat, 23, pp. 323-355; Hayghe, H., Rise in mothers' labor force activity includes those with infants (1986) Mon Labor Rev, 109, pp. 43-45; Hochschild, A., (1989) The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home, , New York: Viking; Kessler, R.C., Turner, J.B., House, J.S., Unemployment, reemployment, and emotional functioning in a community sample (1989) Am Sociol Rev, 54, pp. 648-657; Baruch, G.K., Barnett, R., Role quality, multiple role involvement, and psychological well-being in midlife women (1986) J Pers Soc Psychol, 51, pp. 578-585; Leon, A.C., Klerman, G.L., Wickramaratne, P., Continuing female predominance in depressive illness (1993) Am J Public Health, 83, pp. 754-757; Bromberger, J.T., Matthews, K.A., A "feminine" model of vulnerability to depressive symptoms: A longitudinal investigation of middle-aged women (1996) J Pers Soc Psychol, 70, pp. 591-598; Heidemann, B., Suhomlinova, O., O'Rand, A., Economic independence, economic status, and empty nest in midlife marital disruption (1998) J Marriage Fam, 60, pp. 219-231; Barnett, R.C., Brennan, R.T., Marshall, N.L., Gender and the relationship between parent role quality and psychological distress: A study of men and women in dual-earner couples (1994) J Fam Issues, 15, pp. 229-252; Shaffer, D., Fisher, P.W., Lucas, C.P., Respondent-based interviews (1999) Diagnostic Assessment in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, pp. 3-33. , Shaffer D, Lucas CP, Richters JC, eds. New York, NY: Guilford Press; Bromet, E.J., Dunn, L.O., Connell, M.M., Dew, M.A., Schulberg, H.C., Long-term reliability of diagnosing lifetime major depression in a community sample (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 435-440; Jensen, P., Roper, M., Fisher, P., Test-retest reliability of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC 2.1). Parent, child, and combined algorithms (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52, pp. 61-71 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0642307277&partnerID=40&md5=65fe84eac786021add6f6f1b66f9e8d8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predictors and Tracking of Body Mass Index from Adolescence into Adulthood: Follow-up of 18 to 20 Years in the Oslo Youth Study T2 - Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine J2 - Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. VL - 157 IS - 12 SP - 1212 EP - 1218 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1001/archpedi.157.12.1212 SN - 10724710 (ISSN) AU - Kvaavik, E. AU - Tell, G.S. AU - Klepp, K.-I. AD - Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway AD - Dept. of Pub. Hlth./Prim. Hlth. Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway AD - Institute for Nutrition Research, PO Box 1046 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway AB - Objectives: To examine tracking of body mass index (BMI) (weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) from age 15 to 33 years, to examine the effect of adolescent and adult health-related behavior and parents' BMI and education on adult BMI; and to examine changes in lifestyle factors as predictors of adult overweight and obesity. Methods: A longitudinal study with 18 to 20 years of follow-up in a cohort from Oslo, Norway (N = 485); mean age was 15 years at baseline. Weight, height, physical fitness, leisure time physical activity (LTPA), smoking, and education were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Parents' height, weight, and education were assessed at baseline. Results: Tracking of BMI from age 15 to 33 years was high (r = 0.54). Adolescent BMI, father's BMI, the subject's own LTPA, adult smoking, and sex explained 44.1% of the variation in adult BMI. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having a BMI of 25 or more as an adult was 0.07 (0.03-0.14) for lowest vs highest quartile of adolescent BMI. The corresponding odds ratio of having a BMI of 30 or more was 0.02 (0.002-0.14). Those who increased their LTPA level between adolescence and adulthood had a lower risk of adult overweight than those with a stable low LTPA level. Conclusions: Tracking of BMI from adolescence into adulthood was substantial. Changes in LTPA between adolescence and adulthood predicted the risk of adult overweight, suggesting that the foundation for adult body weight is laid during adolescence. Implications of this would be to emphasize physical activity among youths. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - education KW - female KW - fitness KW - follow up KW - human KW - human experiment KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - Norway KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - smoking KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Data Collection KW - Educational Status KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Norway KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Physical Fitness KW - Regression Analysis KW - Smoking KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :137 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APAME C2 - 14662578 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kvaavik, E.; Institute for Nutrition Research, PO Box 1046 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway N1 - References: Livingstone, M.B., Childhood obesity in Europe: A growing concern (2001) Public Health Nutr, 4, pp. 109-116; Seidell, J.C., Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes - A worldwide epidemic (2000) Br J Nutr, 83 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S5-S8; Mahoney, L.T., Lauer, R.M., Lee, J., Clarke, W.R., Factors affecting tracking of coronary heart disease risk factors in children: The Muscatine Study (1991) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 623, pp. 120-132; Barnekow-Bergkvist, M., Hedberg, G., Janlert, U., Jansson, E., Adolescent determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in adult men and women (2001) Scand J Public Health, 29, pp. 208-217; Guo, S.S., Huang, C., Maynard, L.M., Body mass index during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in relation to adult overweight and adiposity: The Fels Longitudinal Study (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1628-1635; Myers, L., Coughlin, S.S., Webber, L.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Prediction of adult cardiovascular multifactorial risk status from childhood risk factor levels: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 918-924; Wang, Y., Ge, K., Popkin, B.M., Tracking of body mass index from childhood to adolescence: A 6-y follow-up study in China (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1018-1024; Williams, S., Davie, G., Lam, F., Predicting BMI in young adults from childhood data using two approaches to modelling adiposity rebound (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 348-354; Wilsgaard, T., Jacobsen, B.K., Schirmer, H., Tracking of cardiovascular risk factors: The Tromso study, 1979-1995 (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 154, pp. 418-426; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Weinsier, R.L., Hunter, G.R., Heini, A.F., Goran, M.I., Sell, S.M., The etiology of obesity: Relative contribution of metabolic factors, diet, and physical activity (1998) Am J Med, 105, pp. 145-150; Haapanen, N., Miilunpalo, S., Pasanen, M., Oja, P., Vuori, I., Association between leisure time physical activity and 10-year body mass change among working-aged men and women (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 288-296; Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A., Martinez, J.A., Hu, F.B., Gibney, M.J., Kearney, J., Physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle and obesity in the European Union (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 1192-1201; Choiniere, R., Lafontaine, P., Edwards, A.C., Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socioeconomic status among Canadian adults (2000) CMAJ, 162 (9 SUPPL.), pp. S13-S24; Iribarren, C., Luepker, R.V., McGovern, P.G., Arnett, D.K., Blackburn, H., Twelve-year trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Minnesota Heart Survey: Are socioeconomic differences widening? (1997) Arch Intern Med, 157, pp. 873-881; Molarius, A., Seidell, J.C., Kuulasmaa, K., Dobson, A.J., Sans, S., Smoking and relative body weight: An international perspective from the WHO MONICA Project (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 252-260; Rasky, E., Stronegger, W.J., Freidl, W., The relationship between body weight and patterns of smoking in women and men (1996) Int J Epidemiol, 25, pp. 1208-1212; Dennis, B.H., Pajak, A., Pardo, B., Davis, C.E., Williams, O.D., Piotrowski, W., Weight gain and its correlates in Poland between 1983 and 1993 (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1507-1513; Tell, G.S., Cardiovascular disease risk factors related to sexual maturation: The Oslo Youth Study (1985) J Chronic Dis, 38, pp. 633-642; Klepp, K.-I., Øygard, L., Tell, G.S., Vellar, O.D., Twelve year follow-up of a school-based health education programme: The Oslo Youth Study (1994) Eur J Public Health, 4, pp. 195-200; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence. 2nd Ed., , Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications; Hermansen, L., Oseid, S., Direct and indirect estimation of maximal oxygen uptake in pre-pubertal boys (1971) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 217, pp. 18-23; Kelder, S.H., Perry, C.L., Klepp, K.I., Lytle, L.L., Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity, and food choice behaviors (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1121-1126; (1998) Development in Norwegian Education 1980-1996, , Oslo: Statistics Norway. Report No. 3/98; Tverdal, A., Height, weight and body mass index of men and women aged 40-42 years (1996) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 116, pp. 2152-2156; Tverdal, A., Prevalence of obesity among persons aged 40-42 years in two periods (2001) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 121, pp. 667-672; Rissanen, A.M., Heliovaara, M., Knekt, P., Reunanen, A., Aromaa, A., Determinants of weight gain and overweight in adult Finns (1991) Eur J Clin Nutr, 45, pp. 419-430; Owen-Smith, V., Hannaford, P.C., Stopping smoking and body weight in women living in the United Kingdom (1999) Br J Gen Pract, 49, pp. 989-990; Kvaavik, E., Meyer, H.E., Selmer, R.M., Egeland, G., Tverdal, A., Food habits in Hedmark related to gender, education and marital status (1999) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 119, pp. 3406-3409; Prattala, R., Berg, M.A., Puska, P., Diminishing or increasing contrasts? Social class variation in Finnish food consumption patterns, 1979-1990 (1992) Eur J Clin Nutr, 46, pp. 279-287; Jacobsen, B.K., Niolstad, I., Thune, I., Wilsgaard, T., Lochen, M.L., Schirmer, H., Increase in weight in all birth cohorts in a general population: The Tromso Study, 1974-1994 (2001) Arch Intern Med, 161, pp. 466-472; Niedhammer, I., Bugel, I., Bonenfant, S., Goldberg, M., Leclerc, A., Validity of self-reported weight and height in the French GAZEL cohort (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1111-1118; Kvaavik, E., Tell, G.S., Klepp, K.I., Stability of body mass index from adolescence to adulthood (2002) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 122, pp. 894-900; Roberts, R.J., Can self-reported data accurately describe the prevalence of overweight? (1995) Public Health, 109, pp. 275-284; Rowland, M.L., Self-reported weight and height (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 1125-1133 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0345098595&doi=10.1001%2farchpedi.157.12.1212&partnerID=40&md5=3a35aeeda326fc18cc1d7be5c716dc5e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Young people's leisure and risk-taking behaviours: Changes in gender patterning in the West of Scotland during the 1990s T2 - Journal of Youth Studies J2 - J. Youth Stud. VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 391 EP - 412 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1080/1367626032000162113 SN - 13676261 (ISSN) AU - Sweeting, H. AU - West, P. AD - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom AB - Until the 1990s, the literature on youth leisure characterized that of females as home-based, passive and largely absent from male-dominated subcultures. Contrasting with this, over the course of the 1990s, evidence emerged of increasing public visibility, reduced restrictions on activities and relatively greater increases in health-risk behaviours among females, together with suggestions of a domestification of leisure among males This paper uses data from two cohorts of 15 year olds in the same geographical area (the West of Scotland), separated by 12 years (1987 and 1999) to examine changes in the gender patterning of young people's leisure, use of public space and risk taking (as represented by substance use) over this time period. Gender differences in 'street-based' (previously more males) and 'conventional/safe' (previously more females) leisure disappeared over this period while male excesses in watching sports and playing computer games increased. At the same time, female levels of drinking and experience of illicit drugs reached, and those of smoking overtook, their male counterparts. Additional analyses showed that changes in leisure activities over time accounted in part for the changing gender patterns in substance use. The paper discusses how greater public visibility and increased risk-taking behaviours among females have resulted from the lifting of constraints of respectability on young women's lifestyles. These changes have been rapid and have significance in both social and health terms. © 2003 Taylor & Francis Ltd. N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sweeting, H.; MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom; email: helen@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk N1 - References: Agnew, R., Petersen, D., Leisure and delinquency (1989) Social Problems, 36, pp. 332-349; Barnard, M., Mckeganey, N., (1994) Drug Misuse and Young People: A Selective Review of the Literature, , Glasgow, Centre for Drug Misuse Research, University of Glasgow; Bell, A., The lowdown on Ladyfest (2002) The f-word: Young UK Feminism, , http://www.thefword.org.uk/features/ladyfestlowdown.live, accessed August 2002; Black, R., Instead of the 1986 census: The potential contribution of enhanced registers (1985) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Association, 148, pp. 287-316; Boreham, R., Shaw, A., (2001) Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Young People in Scotland in 2000, , Edinburgh, The Stationery Office; Brake, M., (1980) The Sociology of Youth Culture and Youth Subcultures, , London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Brake, M., Changing leisure and cultural patterns among British youth (1990) Childhood, Youth and Social Change: A Comparative Perspective, , L. CHISHOLM, P. BUCHNER, H. KRUGER & P. BROWN (Eds) (London, Falmer Press); Byrnes, J., Miller, D., Schafer, W., Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis (1999) Psychological Bulletin, 125, pp. 367-383; Caldwell, L., Darling, N., Leisure context, parental control, and resistance to peer pressure as predictors of adolescent partying and substance use: An ecological perspective (1999) Journal of Leisure Research, 31, pp. 57-66; Carr, N., A study of gender differences: Young tourist behaviour in a UK coastal resort (1999) Tourism Management, 20, pp. 223-228; Colwell, J., Payne, J., Negative correlates of computer game play in adolescents (2000) British Journal of Psychology, 91, pp. 295-310; Cotterell, J., (1996) Social Networks and Social Influences in Adolescence, , London, Routledge; Culp, R., Adolescent girls and outdoor recreation: A case study examining constraints and effective programming (1998) Journal of Leisure Research, 30, pp. 356-379; Day, K., The ethic of care and women's experiences of public space (2000) Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20, pp. 103-124; Deem, R., (1986) All Work and No Play? The Sociology of Women and Leisure, , Milton Keynes, Open University Press; Der, G., (1998) A Comparison of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Sample and the 1991 Census SARS, , Working Paper No. 61 (Glasgow, MRC Medical Sociology Unit); Drotner, K., Difference and diversity: Trends in young Danes' media uses (2000) Media, Culture & Society, 22, pp. 149-166; Ecob, R., (1987) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: The Sampling Scheme, Frame and Procedures for the Cohort Studies, , Working Paper No. 6 (Glasgow, MRC Medical Sociology Unit); Ecob, R., Sweeting, H., West, P., Mitchell, R., (1996) The West of Scotland 11 to 16 Study: Schools, Sample Design and Implementation Issues, , Working Paper No. 53 (Glasgow, MRC Medical Sociology Unit); Eiser, J., Morgan, M., Gammage, P., Brooks, N., Kirby, R., Adolescent health behaviour and similarity-attraction: Friends share smoking habits (really) but much else besides (1991) British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, pp. 339-348; Ennett, S., Baumann, K., The contribution of influence and selection to adolescent peer group homogeneity: The case of adolescent cigarette smoking (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, pp. 653-663; Fine, M., Macpherson, P., Over dinner: Feminism and adolescent female bodies (1994) Power/gender: Social Relationships in Theory and Practice, , H. L. RADTKE & H. STAM (Eds) (London, Sage); Forsyth, A., Barnard, M., Preferred drinking locations of Scottish adolescents (2000) Health & Place, 6, pp. 105-115; Furby, L., Beyth-Marom, R., Risk taking in adolescence: A decision making perspective (1992) Developmental Review, 12, pp. 1-44; Ganetz, H., The shop, the home and femininity as a masquerade (1995) Youth Culture in Late Modernity, , J. FORNAS & G. BOLIN (Eds) (London, Sage); Glendinning, A., Hendry, L., Shucksmith, J., Lifestyle, health and social class in adolescence (1995) Social Science and Medicine, 41, pp. 235-248; Glendinning, A., Inglis, D., Smoking behaviour in youth: The problem of low self-esteem? (1999) Journal of Adolescence, 22, pp. 673-682; Green, E., Hebron, S., Woodward, D., (1990) Women's Leisure, what Leisure?, , Basingstoke, Macmillan; Griffin, C., (1993) Representations of Youth: The Study of Youth and Adolescence in Britain and America, , Cambridge, Polity Press; Griffin, C., Discourses of crisis and loss: Analysing the 'boys' underachievement' debate (2000) Journal of Youth Studies, 3, pp. 167-188; Haddon, L., Explaining ICT consumption: The case of the home computer (1992) Media and Information in Domestic Spaces, , R. SILVERSTONE & E. HIRSCH (Eds) (London, Routledge); Harford, T., Grant, B., Psychosocial factors in adolescent drinking contexts (1987) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48, pp. 551-557; Henderson, K., One size doesn't fit all: The meanings of women's leisure (1996) Journal of Leisure Research, 28, pp. 139-154; Hendry, L., (1983) Growing up and Going out: Adolescents and Leisure, , Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press; Hey, V., (1997) The Company she Keeps: An Ethnography of Girls' Friendship, , Buckingham, Open University Press; Hill, D., Causes of smoking in children (1990) Tobacco and Health: The Global War: Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Tobacco and Health, , B. DURSTON & K. JAMROZIK (Eds) (Perth, Health Department of Western Australia); Holstein-Beck, S., Consistency and change in the lifeworld of young women (1995) Youth Culture in Late Modernity, , J. FORNAS & G. BOLIN (Eds) (London, Sage); (2002) Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2001, , http://www.drugmisuse.isdscotland.org/publications/abstracts/ drugstats2001.htm, ISD Online (accessed May 2002); Karvonen, S., West, P., Sweeting, H., Rahkonen, O., Young, R., Lifestyle, social class and health related behaviours - A cross cultural comparison of 15 year olds in Glasgow and Helsinki (2001) Journal of Youth Studies, 4, pp. 393-413; Katz, C., Disintegrating developments: Global economic restructuring and the eroding ecologies of youth (1998) Cool Places: Geographies of Youth Cultures, , T. SKELTON & G. VALENTINE (Eds) (London, Routledge); Kellner, D., Popular culture and the construction of postmodern identities (1992) Modernity and Identity, , S. LASH & J. FRIEDMAN (Eds) (Oxford, Blackwell); Leonard, D., Paper planes: Travelling the new grrrl geographies (1998) Cool Places: Geographies of Youth Cultures, , T. SKELTON & G. VALENTINE (Eds) (London, Routledge); Lintonen, T., Rimpela, M., Ahlstrom, S., Rimpela, A., Vikat, A., Trends in drinking habits among Finnish adolescents from 1977 to 1999 (2000) Addiction, 95, pp. 1255-1263; Lippa, R., Connelly, S., Gender diagnosticity: A new Bayesian approach to gender-related individual differences (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, pp. 1051-1065; Mac An Ghaill, M., (1994) The Making of Men: Masculinities, Sexualities and Schools, , Buckingham, Open University Press; Macintyre, S., Annandale, E., Ecob, R., Ford, G., Hunt, K., Jamieson, B., Maciver, S., Wyke, S., The West of Scotland twenty-07 study: Health in the community (1989) Readings for a New Public Health, , C. MARTIN & D. MACQUEEN (Eds.) (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press); Mathieson, J., Summerfield, C., (2000) Social Focus on Young People, , London, ONS/The Stationary Office; Mathieson, J., Summerfield, C., (2000) Social Trends 30, 2000 Edition, , London, ONS/The Stationary Office; Mcdowell, L., Space, place and gender relations: Part 1. Feminist empiricism and the geography of social relations (1993) Progress in Human Geography, 17, pp. 157-179; Mcnambe, S., The home: Youth, gender and video games (1998) Cool Places: Geographies of Youth Cultures, , T. SKELTON & G. VALENTINE (Eds) (London, Routledge); Mcrobbie, A., Working class girls and the culture of femininity (1978) Women Take Issue: Aspects of Women's Subordination, , Women's Studies Group, Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS), University of Birmingham (initiators) (London, Hutchinson); Mcrobbie, A., Just like a Jackie story (1981) Feminism for Girls: An Adventure Story, , A. MCROBBIE & T. MCCABE (Eds) (London, Routledge & Kegan-Paul); McRobbie, A., (2000) Feminism and Youth Culture, 2nd Edn, , Basingstoke, Macmillan; Mcrobbie, A., Garber, J., Girls and subcultures (1976) Resistance through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-war Britain, , S. HALL & T. JEFFERSON (Eds) (London, Hutchinson); Muncer, S., Campbell, A., Jervis, V., Lewis, R., 'Ladettes', social representations and aggression (2001) Sex Roles, 44, pp. 33-44; Nava, M., (1992) Changing Cultures: Feminism, Youth and Consumerism, , London, Sage Publications; Nielsen, H., The magic writing pad-on gender and identity work (1996) Young, 4, pp. 2-18; Nielsen, H., Rudberg, M., (1994) Psychological Gender and Modernity, , Oslo, Scandinavian University Press; Noller, P., Callan, V., (1991) The Adolescent in the Family, , London, Routledge; Osgerby, B., (1998) Youth in Britain since 1945, , Oxford, Blackwell; Pain, R., Gender, race, age and fear in the city (2001) Urban Studies, 38, pp. 899-913; Phoenix, A., Youth and gender: New issues, new agenda (1997) Young, 5, pp. 2-19; Reimer, B., Youth and modern lifestyles (1995) Youth Culture in Late Modernity, , J. FORNAS & G. BOLIN (Eds) (London, Sage); Richard, B., Kruger, H., Ravers' paradise? German youth cultures in the 1990s (1998) Cool Places: Geographies of Youth Cultures, , T. SKELTON & G. VALENTINE (Eds) (London, Routledge); Richards, M., Larson, R., The life space and socialisation of the self: Sex differences in the young adolescent (1989) Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 18, pp. 617-626; Richards, N., Milestone, K., What difference does it make? Women's pop cultural production and consumption in Manchester (2000) Sociological Research Online, 5. , http://www.socresonline.org.uk/5/1/richards.html, accessed August 2002; Roberts, K., (1983) Youth and Leisure, , London, George Allen & Unwin; Shaw, S., Caldwell, L., Kleiber, D., Boredom, stress and social control in the daily activities of adolescents (1996) Journal of Leisure Research, 28, pp. 274-292; Shepherd, P., Appendix 1: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33, the Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-187. , E. FERRI (Ed.) (London, National Children's Bureau); Smith, D., Mcvie, S., Woodward, R., Shute, J., Flint, J., Mcara, L., (2001) Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime: Key Findings at Ages 12 and 13, , Unpublished 'end of grant' report, Edinburgh, Centre for Law & Society, University of Edinburgh; Sweeting, H., West, P., Push off lads, this is our street corner: Secular changes in the gender patterning of teenager lifestyles and health behaviours (2000) Joint BSA Medical Sociology and European Society for Health and Medical Sociology Conference, , York, September 2000; Sweeting, H., West, P., Der, G., (2001) Bias, Attrition and Weighting in the West of Scotland 11 to 16 Study Baseline, 52 and 54 Sweeps, , Working Paper No. 9 (Glasgow, MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit); Taylor, I., Evans, K., Fraser, P., (1996) A Tale of Two Cities: A Study in Manchester and Sheffield, , London, Routledge; Todd, J., Currie, C., Smith, R., (1999) Health Behaviours of Scottish Schoolchildren: Technical Report 1 - Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use in the 1990s, , Edinburgh, Research Unit in Health and Behavioural Change; Valentine, G., Skelton, T., Chambers, D., Cool places: An introduction to youth and youth cultures (1998) Cool Places: Geographies of Youth Cultures, , T. SKELTON & G. VALENTINE (Eds) (London, Routledge); Vicary, J., Smith, E., Caldwell, L., Swisher, J., Relationship of changes in adolescents' leisure activities to alcohol use (1998) American Journal of Health Behaviour, 22, pp. 276-282; Vik Kleven, K., In 'deadly earnest' or 'post-modern irony': New gender clashes? (1993) Young, 1, pp. 40-59; Walkerdine, V., (1997) Daddy's Girl: Young Girls and Popular Culture, , Basingstoke, Macmillan; Wall, C., Gannon-Leary, P., A sentence made by men: Muted group theory revisited (1999) The European Journal of Women's Studies, 6, pp. 21-29; Wallace, C., Kovatcheva, S., (1998) Youth in Society: The Construction and Deconstruction of Youth in East and West Europe, , Basingstoke, Macmillan; West, P., Sweeting, H., (1996) Background, Rational and Design of the West of Scotland 11 to 16 Study, , Working Paper No. 52 (Glasgow, MRC Medical Sociology Unit); West, P., Sweeting, H., Ecob, R., Family and friends' influences on the uptake of regular smoking from mid-adolescence to early adulthood (1999) Addiction, 94, pp. 1397-1412; West, P., Sweeting, H., Fifteen, female and stressed: Changing patterns of psychological distress over time (2003) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry; Wilkinson, H., Mulgan, G., (1995) Freedom's Children: Work, Relationships and Politics for 16-34 - in Britain T-oday, , London, Demos; Wilkinson, H., Howard, M., Gregory, S., Hayes, H., Young, R., (1997) Tomorrow's Women, , London, Demos; Willis, P., (1977) Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids get Working Class Jobs, , London, Saxon House; Willis, P., (1990) Symbolic Work at Play in the Everyday Cultures of the Young, , Buckingham, Open University Press; Wold, B., Holstein, B., Griesbach, D., Currie, C., (2000) Control of Adolescent Smoking: National Policies on Restriction of Smoking at School in Eight European Countries, , Edinburgh, Research Unit in Health and Behavioural Change; Young, R., Sweeting, H., West, P., (2001) Temporal and Cross-cultural Stability of Adolescent Leisure, , Working Paper No. 6 (Glasgow, MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2642530525&doi=10.1080%2f1367626032000162113&partnerID=40&md5=bf0d0e947685b89394d58bd84ff8f307 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perspectives of personality study ST - Perspektivy sledování osobnosti T2 - Ceskoslovenska Psychologie J2 - Cesk. Psychol. VL - 47 IS - 6 SP - 587 EP - 600 PY - 2003 SN - 0009062X (ISSN) AU - Břicháček, V. AD - Fak. Humanitnich Studii UK, Praha, Czech Republic AD - K lánu 9, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic AB - The paper represents an attempt to formulate alternative strategies for future psychological diagnostics. It starts from the critique of contemporary work in which the once and short-time examinations of individuals or individual groups prevail. Techniques with different theoretical starting points - out of the reach of attention of users - are frequently used. Six alternative strategies are proposed: a) studying the infra-individual variability in human activities, b) formation of personality of an individual in the early age, c) the view of own future as a part of personality profile, d) longitudinal study of personality dynamics, e) historical time as a part of psychological diagnostics, f) multi-generation influences on the behaviour of an individual. The suggested strategies are supported by examples from literature. Its elaborating to practically utilizable techniques will ask for the co-operation of wider teams. First the future will show if the suggested considerations will be bearing. KW - Historical time in diagnostics KW - Intra-individual variability KW - Multi-generation research KW - Personality dynamics KW - Psychodiagnostics N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - Czech N1 - Correspondence Address: Břicháček, V.K lánu 9, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic N1 - References: Ainsworth, M.D.S., Attachments beyond infancy (1989) American Psychologist, pp. 709-716; Ainsworth, M.D.S., Attachments and other affectional bonds across the life cycle (1991) Attachment Across the Life Cycle, pp. 33-51. , Parkes C.M. Stevenson-Hinde J., Marris P.: London, Routledge; Austin, J.T., Vancouver, J.B., Goal constructs in psychology (1996) Psychological Bulletin, 120, pp. 338-375; Baltes, P.B., The incomplete architecture of human ontogeny (1997) American Psychologist, 52, pp. 366-380; Bowlby, J., (1969) Attachment and Loss, 1. , New York, Basic Books; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development, , Harvard University Press; Břicháček, V., K otázce sluočvání individuálních křivek učení (1965) Československá Psychologie, 9, pp. 320-328; Břicháček, V., Teroristický útok a traumatizované děti (2002) Vesmír, 81, pp. 494-496; Bühler, Ch., (1975) Die Rolle der Werte in der Entwicklung der Persönlichkeit und in der Psychoterapie, , Stuttgard, Klett; Campbell, D.T., Fiske, D.W., Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix (1959) Psychological Bulletin, 56, pp. 81-105; Capaldi, D.M., Pears, K.C., Patterson, G.R., Owen, L.D., Continuity of parenting practices across generations in at-risk sample (2003) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, pp. 127-142; Cattell, R.B., (1973) Personality and Mood Questionnaire, , San Francisco, Bass; Clarke-Stewart, K.A., Historical shifts and underlying themes in ideas about rearing young children in the US (1998) Early Development and Parenting, 7, pp. 101-117; Collins, W.A., Macoby, E.E., Steiberg, L., Hetherington, E.M., Bornstein, M.H., Contemporary research on parenting (2000) American Psychologist, 55, pp. 218-232; Conger, R.D., Neppl, I., Kim, K.J., Scaramelle, L., Angry and aggressive behavior across three generations (2003) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, pp. 143-160; Cui, M., Conger, R.D., Bryant, C.M., Elder, G.H., Parental behavior and the quality of adolescent friendships (2002) Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, pp. 676-689; Csikszentmihalyi, M., (1996) O Štěstí a Smyslu Života, , Praha, NLN; De Werth, C., Van Geert, P., Hoijtink, H., Intraindividual variability in infant behavior (1999) Developmental Psychology, 35, pp. 1102-1112; Dittrichová, J., Paul, K., Tautermanová, M., Voudráček, J., Individual variability in infant's early behavior (1992) Studia Psychologica, 34, pp. 199-210; Eid, M., Diener, E., Intraindividual variability in affect (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, pp. 662-676; Elder, G.H., (1974) Children of the Great Depression, , Chicago, Univ. Press; Elder, G.H., The life course as developmental theory (1998) Child Development, 69, pp. 1-12; Elder, G.H., Pavalko, E.K., Hastings, T.J., Talent, history and the fulfillment of promise (1991) Psychiatry, 54, pp. 215-231; Flamaner, A., Grob, A., Nurmi, J.E., (1992) Euromet Questionnaire, , Univ. Bern; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., What predicts good relationships with parents in adolescence and partners in adult life (2002) Journal of Family Psychology, 15, pp. 186-198; Freund, A., (1995) Die Selbstdefinition Alter Menschen; Inhalt, Structure, Funktion, , Berlin, Sigma; Ghisletta, P., Nesselroade, J.R., Featerman, D.L., Rowe, J.W., Structure and predictive power of intraindividual variability in health and activity measure (2002) Swiss Journal of Psychology, 61, pp. 73-83; Gilbody, S.M., House, A.D., Sheldon, T., Routine administration of health related quality of life (HRQoL) and needs assessment instruments to improve psychological outcomes - A systematic review (2002) Psychological Medicine, 32, pp. 1345-1356; Grob, A., Krings, F., Bangerter, A., Life markers in bibliographical narratives of people from three cohorts (2001) Human Development, 44, pp. 171-190; Holahan, C.K., Sears, R.R., (1995) The Gifted Group in Later Maturity, , Stanford Univ. Press; Havighust, R.J., (1995) Developmental Task and Education, , New York, McKay; Hoksbergen, R., Dijkum, C.V., Stoutjesdijk, F., Experiences of Dutch families who parent an adopted Romanian child (2002) Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 23, pp. 403-409; Hops, H., Davis, R., Leve, C., Sheeber, L., Cross-generational transmission of aggresive parent behavior (2003) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, pp. 161-169; Chen, Z., Kaplan, H.B., Intergenerational transmission of constructive parenting (2001) Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, pp. 17-31; Kim, K.J., Conger, R.D., Lorenz, F.D., Elder, G.H., Parent-adolescent reciprocity in negative affect and its relation to early adult social development (2001) Developmental Psychology, 37, pp. 775-790; Křivohlavý, J., (2001) Psychologie Zdraví, , Praha, Portál; Krejčí, J., (1996) Lidský Úděl a Jeho Proměnlivá Tvář, , Praha, Karolinum; Langmeier, J., Krejčířová, D., (1998) Výojová Psychologie, , Praha, Grada; Levinson, D.J., A theory of life structure development in adulthood (1990) Higher Stages of Human Development, , Alexander C., Langer E.: Oxford Univ. Press; Mareš, J., Pozitivní psychologie (2001) Československá Psychologie, 45, pp. 97-117; Macek, P., Psychosociální charakteristiky a proces utváření identity adolescentů (2002) Děti, Mládež a Rodiny v Období Transformace, pp. 248-261. , Plaňava I., Pilát M.: Brno, Barrister; Matějček, Z., Teoretická úvaha nad pozdními následky psychické deprivace a subdeprivace (1996) Československá Psychologie, 40, pp. 369-375; Matějček, Z., Bubleová, V., Kovařík, J., Pozdní následky psychické deprivace (1995) Československá Psychologie, 39, pp. 481-496; (1996) Československá Psychologie, 40, pp. 14-28; (1996) Československá Psychologie, 40, pp. 81-94; Mikšík, O., (2001) Psychologická Charakteristika Osobnosti, , Praha, Karolinum; Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Dickson, N., Silva, P., Stanton, W., Childhood onset versus adolescent onset antisocial conduct problems in males: Natural history from ages 3-18 years (1996) Development and Psychopathology, pp. 399-424; Mrocsek, D.K., Modeling intraindividual change in personality traits (2003) Journal of Gerontology, 58, pp. 153-162; Nesselroade, J.R., Intraindividual variability in development within and between individuals (2001) European Psychologist, 6, pp. 187-193; Nurmi, J.E., How do adolescents see their future? (1991) Developmental Review, 11, pp. 1-59; O'Connor, T.G., Rutter, M., The effects of global severe privation on cognitive competence (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 376-390; Oliner, S., Oliner, P., (1988) The Altuistic Personality, , New York, Free Press; Popper, K., (1997) Budoucnost je Otevřena, , Praha-Vyšehrad; Prenda, K.M., Lachman, M.E., Planing for the future (2001) Psychology and Aging, pp. 206-216; Rutter, M., Maugham, B., Antisocial children grown up (1998) Conduct Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, pp. 507-552. , London, Cambridge Press; Rutter, M., Rutter, M., (1993) Developing Minds, , London, Penguin Books; Segal, H.G., Wood, C.A., DeMeis, D.K., Smith, H.L., Future events, early experiance and mental health (2003) Assessment, pp. 1029-1040; Smékal, V., (2002) Pozvání do Psychologie Osobnosti, , Brno, Barrister; Thomas, A., Chess, S., (1977) Temperament and Development, , New York, Brunner; Thornberry, T.P., Freeman-Gallant, A., Lizotte, A.J., Krohn, M.D., Smith, C.A., Linked lives: The intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior (2003) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, pp. 171-184; Timmer, E., Bode, C., Dittmann-Kohli, F., Expectations in the second half of life (2003) Aging and Society, 23, pp. 3-24; Vangeert, P., Vandijk, M., Focus on variability: New tools to study intra-individual variability in developmental data (2002) Infant Behavior and Development, 25, pp. 340-374; Vanijzendoorn, M.H., Intergenerational transmission of parenting: A review of studies in nonclinical population (1992) Developmental Review, 12, pp. 76-99; Werner, E.E., Children of the Garden Island (1999) Developmental Psychology, pp. 482-493. , Slater A., Muir D.: Oxford, Blackwell; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1982) Vulnerable but Invincible: A Longitudinal Study of Resilient Children and Youth, , New York, McGraw-Hill; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1997) Kauai's Children Come of Age, , Univ. Hawaii Press; Zheng, Y., Fischer, K., Always under constuction (2002) Human Development, 45, pp. 141-160 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642268438&partnerID=40&md5=794bdb9aa460c82f89d1d174c38c8653 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The determinants and labour market effects of lifelong learning T2 - Applied Economics J2 - Appl. Econ. VL - 35 IS - 16 SP - 1711 EP - 1721 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1080/0003684032000155445 SN - 00036846 (ISSN) AU - Jenkins, A. AU - Vignoles, A. AU - Wolf, A. AU - Galindo-Rueda, F. AD - Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom AD - King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - Despite the policy importance of lifelong learning, there is very little hard evidence from the UK on (a) who undertakes lifelong learning and why, and (b) the economic benefits of lifelong learning. This paper uses a rich longitudinal panel data set to look at key factors that determine whether someone undertakes lifelong learning and then models the effect of the different qualifications acquired via lifelong learning on individuals' economic outcomes, namely wages and the likelihood of being employed. Those who left school with O-level qualifications or above were much more likely to undertake lifelong learning. Undertaking one episode of lifelong learning also increased the probability of undertaking more lifelong learning. We found little evidence of positive wage effects from lifelong learning. However, males who left school with only low-level qualifications do earn substantially more if they undertake a degree via lifelong learning. We also found important positive employment effects from lifelong learning. KW - employment KW - labor market KW - learning KW - wage determination KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :58 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Vignoles, A.; Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom; email: a.f.vignoles@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: Aldridge, F., Tuckett, A., (2001) Winners and Losers in an Expanding System: The NIACE Survey on Adult Participation in Learning 2001, , NIACE, Leicester; Beinart, S., Smith, P., (1998) National Adult Learning Survey 1997, , DfEE Research Report 49; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Reed, H., (1997) Higher Education, Employment and Earnings in Britain, , Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Meghir, C., Sianesi, B., (1999) The Returns from Education and Training to the Individual, The Firm and The Economy: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature, , Technical Report to the DfEE Skills Task Force, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Sianesi, B., (2001) Estimating the Returns to Education: Models, Methods and Results, , working paper and presented at the RSS Meeting February 27th 2001; Bynner, J., Adult participation and progression in education (2001) What Progress Are We Making in Lifelong Learning: The Evidence from Research, pp. 51-62. , University of Newcastle, Department of Education, Newcastle; Card, D., The causal effect of education on earnings (1999) Handbook of Labour Economics, pp. 1801-1863. , North Holland, Amsterdam; Choudhury, S., New evidence on public sector wage differentials (1994) Journal of Applied Economics, 26, pp. 259-266; Dearden, L., McIntosh, S., Myck, M., Vignoles, A., (2000) The Returns to Academic, Vocational and Basic Skills in Britain, , DfEE Research Report No. 250 and Research Brief No. 250, and Centre for Economics of Education Discussion Papers Nos. 3 and 4; Egerton, M., Pay differentials between early and mature graduate men: The role of state employment (2000) Journal of Education and Work, 13, pp. 289-305; Egerton, M., Mature graduates I: Occupational attainment and the effects of labour market duration (2001) Oxford Review of Education, 27, pp. 135-150; Egerton, M., Mature graduates II: Occupational attainment and the effects of social class (2001) Oxford Review of Education, 27, pp. 271-286; Egerton, M., Parry, G., Lifelong debt: Rates of return to mature study (2001) Higher Education Quarterly, 55, pp. 4-27; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , (ed.) National Children's Bureau and City University, London; Field, J., (2000) Lifelong Learning and the New Educational Order, , Trentham Books, Stoke-on-Trent; Green, F., Training the workers (1999) The State of Working Britain, pp. 127-146. , Manchester University Press, Manchester; Green, F., Machin, S., Manning, A., The employer size-wage effect: Is monopsony the explanation? (1996) Oxford Economic Papers, 48, pp. 433-455; Hildreth, A., What has happened to the union wage differential in Britain in the 1990s? (1999) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, pp. 5-32; Hillage, J., Uden, T., Aldridge, F., Eccles, J., (2000) Adult Learning in England: A Review, , IES Report 369, Institute for Employment Studies, Sussex; McIntosh, S., Vignoles, A., Measuring and assessing the impact of basic skills on labour market outcomes (2001) Oxford Economic Papers, 3, pp. 453-481; O'Connell, P.J., (1999) Adults in Training: an International Comparison of Continuing Education and Training, , OECD, Paris; Rees, H., Shah, A., Public-private sector wage differentials in the UK (1995) Manchester School, 63, pp. 52-68; Sargant, N., (2000) The Learning Divine Revisited: A Report on the Findings of a UK-Wide Survey on Adult Participation in Education and Learning, , NIACE, London; Sargant, N., Field, J., Francis, H., Schuller, T., Tuckett, A., (1997) The Learning Divide: A Study of Participation in Adult Learning in the United Kingdom, , NIACE, London; Steel, J., Sausman, C., (1997) The Contribution of Graduates to the Economy-Rates of Return, , National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (Dearing Committee), Report 7 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347593853&doi=10.1080%2f0003684032000155445&partnerID=40&md5=94c56c8dc40b913744354ca74c13b757 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer incidence in children and young adults did not increase relative to parental exposure to atomic bombs T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 89 IS - 9 SP - 1709 EP - 1713 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601322 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Izumi, S. AU - Koyama, K. AU - Soda, M. AU - Suyama, A. AD - Department of Statistics, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AD - Department of Epidemiology, RERF, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan AD - Department of Epidemiology, RERF, 1-8-6 Nakagawa, Nagasaki, 850-0013, Japan AB - We have examined whether parental exposure to atomic bomb radiation has led to increased cancer risks among the offspring. We studied 40 487 subjects born from May 1946 through December 1984 who were cancer-free in January 1958. One or both parents were in Hiroshima or Nagasaki at the time of the bombing and for childbirth. Using population-based tumor registry data we analyzed cancer incidence data from 1958 to 1997 by Cox regression models, and we examined the effects of both paternal and maternal irradiation with adjustment for city, sex, birth year, and migration. During follow-up, 575 solid tumor cases and 68 hematopoietic tumor cases were diagnosed. Median age at diagnosis was 39.7 years. Median doses were 143 millisierverts for 15 992 exposed (5 + millisierverts or unknown dose) fathers and 133 millisierverts for 10 066 exposed mothers. Cancer incidence was no higher for subjects with exposed parents than for the reference subjects (0-4 millisierverts), nor did the incidence rates increase with increasing dose. For 3568 subjects with two exposed parents, the adjusted risk ratio for all cancer was 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.70-1.36). Because of the small number of cases, however, we cannot exclude an increase in cancer incidence at this time. © 2003 Cancer Research UK. KW - Cancer incidence KW - Cohort study KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Preconception exposure KW - adult KW - article KW - atomic bomb KW - brain cancer KW - breast cancer KW - cancer diagnosis KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer risk KW - childbirth KW - confidence interval KW - controlled study KW - digestive system cancer KW - environmental exposure KW - female KW - genital tract cancer KW - hematopoietic system tumor KW - human KW - ionizing radiation KW - Japan KW - leukemia KW - lymphoma KW - male KW - migration KW - nervous system tumor KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - radiation carcinogenesis KW - radiation dose KW - radiation exposure KW - register KW - regression analysis KW - respiratory tract cancer KW - risk assessment KW - solid tumor KW - statistical model KW - thyroid tumor KW - urinary tract cancer KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Radiation, Ionizing N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJCAA C2 - 14583774 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Izumi, S.; Department of Statistics, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: izumi@rerf.or.jp N1 - References: Awa, A., Honda, T., Neriishi, S., Sufuni, T., Shimba, H., Ohtaki, K., Nakano, M., Hamilton, H.B., Cytogenetic study of the offspring of atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1987) Cytogenetics, , Obe G, Basler A (eds) Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; Cologne, J.B., Preston, D.L., Impact of comparison group on cohort dose response regression: An example using risk estimation in atomic-bomb survivors (2001) Health Phys, 80 (5), pp. 491-496; Izumi, S., Suyama, A., Koyama, K., Radiation-related mortality among offspring of atomic bomb survivors: A half century of follow-up (2003) Int J Cancer, 107 (2), pp. 292-297; Kato, H., Schull, W.J., Joint JNIH-ABCC life span study of children born to atomic bomb survivors, research plan (1960) ABCC TR, pp. 4-60; Kato, H., Schull, W.J., Neel, J.V., A cohort-type study of survival in the children of parents exposed to atomic bombings (1966) Am J Hum Genet, 18, pp. 339-373; Little, M.P., Wakeford, R., Charles, M.W., An analysis of leukaemia, lymphoma and other malignancies together with certain categories of non-cancer mortality in the first generation offspring (F1) of the Japanese bomb survivors (1994) J Radial Prot, 14, pp. 203-218; Mabuchi, K., Soda, M., Ron, E., Tokunaga, M., Ochikubo, S., Sugimoto, S., Ikeda, T., Thompson, D.E., Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part I: Use of tumor registries in Hiroshima and Nagasaki for incidence studies (1994) Radiat Res, 137, pp. S1-S16; (1990) Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V), , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Neel, J.V., Kato, H., Schull, W.J., Mortality in the children of atomic bomb survivors and controls (1974) Genetics, 76, pp. 311-326; Neel, J.V., Satoh, C., Goriki, K., Asakawa, J., Fujita, M., Takahashi, N., Kageoka, T., Hazama, T., Search for mutations altering protein charge and/or function in children of atomic bomb survivors: Final report (1988) Am J Hum Genet, 42, pp. 663-676; Neel, J.V., Schull, W.J., (1956) The Effect of Exposure to the Atomic Bombs on Pregnancy Termination in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , Publ. No. 461 Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council; Otake, M., Schull, W.J., Neel, J.V., Congenital malformations, stillbirths, and early mortality among the children of atomic bomb survivors: A reanalysis (1990) Radiat Res, 122, pp. 1-11; Pierce, D.A., Shimizu, Y., Preston, D.L., Vaeth, M., Mabuchi, K., Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors. Report 12, part I. Cancer: 1950-1990 (1996) Radiat Res, 146, pp. 1-27; Preston, D.L., Lubin, J.H., Pierce, D.A., (1993) Epicure User's Guide, , Seattle: HiroSoft International Corp; Roesch, W.C., (1987) U.S.-Japan Joint Reassessment of Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Final Report, 1. , Hiroshima: Radiation Effects Research Foundation; Shimizu, Y., Pierce, D.A., Preston, D.L., Mabuchi, K., Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors. Report 12, Part II. Noncancer mortality: 1950-1990 (1999) Radiat Res, 152, pp. 374-389; Sposto, R., Preston, D.L., Shimizu, Y., Mabuchi, K., The effect of diagnostic misclassification on noncancer and cancer mortality dose (1992) Biometrics, 48 (2), pp. 605-617; Therneau, T., Grambsh, P., (2000) Modeling Survival Data Extending the Cox Model, , New York: Springer-Verlag; Yoshimoto, Y., Neel, J.V., Schull, W.J., Kato, H., Soda, M., Eto, R., Mabuchi, K., Malignant tumors during the first 2 decades of life in the offspring of atomic bomb survivors (1990) Am J Hum Genet, 46, pp. 1041-1052; Yoshimoto, Y., Schull, W.J., Kato, H., Neel, J.V., Mortality among the offspring (F1) of atomic bomb survivors, 1946-85 (1991) J Radiat Res, 32, pp. 327-351; (1977) International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, , Geneva: WHO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344872802&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6601322&partnerID=40&md5=e51e16d46a6dbc5563b6ad94efe1e853 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intelligence and class mobility in the British population T2 - British Journal of Psychology J2 - Br. J. Psychol. VL - 94 IS - 4 SP - 551 EP - 561 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1348/000712603322503097 SN - 20448295 (ISSN) AU - Nettle, D. AD - Departments of Psychology, Open University, Watton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom AB - Performance on intelligence tests is known to be associated with class mobility, with high scorers tending to move up the socio-economic hierarchy, and low scorers tending to move down. However, much remains unknown about the association. It is possible that the importance of intelligence varies across different occupational areas, or that there is friction acting against mobility, such that a person from an underprivileged background would have to be more intelligent in order to reach a given position than someone who had had greater social advantage. Data from a longitudinal study of a broad, socially representative cohort of the British population (the NCDS) are used to investigate these questions. The results show that intelligence test scores in childhood are associated with class mobility in adulthood uniformly across all social classes. There is no evidence that those from underprivileged backgrounds have to be disproportionately able in order to reach the professional classes. The study reveals an apparently high level of social mobility and meritocracy in contemporary Britain. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - female KW - human KW - intelligence KW - intelligence test KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - occupation KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Occupations KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :57 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 14687461 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Nettle, D.; Departments of Psychology, Open University, Watton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom; email: d.nettle@open.ac.uk N1 - References: Bouchard, T.J., Segal, N.L., Environment and IQ (1985) Handbook of Intelligence: Theories, Methods and Applications, pp. 391-464. , B. B. Wolman (Ed.). New York: Wiley; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: E&S Livingstone; Bynner, J., Butler, N.R., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2001) The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study, , London: Institute of Education, Centre for Longditudinal Studies; Capron, C., Duyme, M., Assessment of effects of socioeconomic status on IQ in a full cross-fostering design (1989) Nature, 340, pp. 552-553; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , London: McGibbon and Kee; Dumaret, A., Stewart, J.T., IQ, scholastic performance and behaviour of sibs raised in contrasting environments (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 553-580; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau, City University, Economic and Social Research Council; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; Herrnstein, R.J., Murray, C., (1994) The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, , New York: Free Press; Horn, J.L., Loehlin, J.C., Willerman, L., Intellectual resemblance among adoptive and biological relatives: The Texas adoption project (1979) Behavior Genetics, 9, pp. 177-207; Hunter, J.E., Hunter, R.F., Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance (1984) Psychological Bulletin, 96, pp. 72-98; Jencks, C., (1972) Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America, , New York: Basic Books; Leask, S.J., Crow, T.J., Word acquisition reflects lateralization of hand skill (2001) Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, pp. 513-516; Leete, R., Fox, J., Registrar General's social classes: Origins and uses (1977) Population Trends, 8, pp. 1-7; Mackintosh, N.J., (1998) IQ and Human Intelligence, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial correlates of IQ (1984) The Biology of Human Intelligence, pp. 99-127. , C. J. Turner & H. J. Miles (Eds.). London: Proceedings of the Eugenics Society; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Gibson, J.B., Social mobility and IQ components (1978) Journal of Biosocial Science, 10, pp. 263-276; McCall, R.B., Childhood IQs as predictors of adult educational and occupational status (1977) Science, 197, pp. 482-483; Murnane, R.J., Willett, J.B., Levy, F., The growing importance of cognitive skills in wage determination (1995) Review of Economics and Statistics, 77, pp. 251-266; Nettle, D., Height and reproductive success in a cohort of British men (2002) Human Nature, 13, pp. 473-491; (1980) Classification of Occupations 1980, , London: HMSO; Robbins, L., (1963) Higher Education: Report of the Committee Appointed by the Prime Minister under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins, 1961-3, , London: HMSO; Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., Intellectual similarities within families of both adopted and biological children (1977) Intelligence, 1, pp. 170-191; Schmidt, F.L., Ones, D.S., Personnel selection (1992) Annual Review of Psychology, 43, pp. 627-670; Steele, C.M., Aronson, J., Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, pp. 797-811; Tittle, C.R., Rotolo, T., IQ and stratification: An empirical evaluation of Herrnstein and Murray's social change argument (2000) Social Forces, 79, pp. 1-28; Waller, J.H., Achievement and social mobility: Relationships amongst IQ score, education and occupation in two generations (1971) Social Biology, 18, pp. 252-259 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344584396&doi=10.1348%2f000712603322503097&partnerID=40&md5=94f10bce5f22f56ba95d32863a3e7592 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socio-economic status, family disruption and residential stability in childhood: Relation to onset, recurrence and remission of major depression T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 33 IS - 8 SP - 1341 EP - 1355 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1017/S0033291703008377 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Gilman, S.E. AU - Kawachi, I. AU - Fitzmaurice, G.M. AU - Buka, S.L. AD - Dept. of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States AD - Ctr. for Behavioral/Preventive Med., Brown Medical School/Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States AB - Background. Childhood adversity significantly increases the risk of depression, but it is unclear whether this risk is most pronounced for depression occurring early in life. In the present study, we examine whether three aspects of childhood adversity - low socio-economic status (SES), family disruption, and residential instability - are related to increased risk of depression during specific stages of the life course. We also examine whether these aspects of childhood adversity are related to the severity of depression. Method. A sample of 1089 of the 4140 births enrolled in the Providence, Rhode Island cohort of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project was interviewed between the ages of 18 and 39. Measures of parental SES, childhood family disruption and residential instability were obtained upon mother's enrolment and at age 7. Age at onset of major depressive episode, lifetime number of depressive episodes, and age at last episode were ascertained via structured diagnostic interviews. Survival analysis was used to identify risk factors for depression onset and remission and Poisson regression was used to model the recurrence rate of depressive episodes. Results. Low parental SES, family disruption and a high level of residential instability, defined as three or more family moves, were related to elevated lifetime risks of depression; the effects of family disruption and residential instability were most pronounced on depression onset by age 14. Childhood adversity was also related to increased risk of recurrence and reduced likelihood of remission. Conclusions. Childhood social disadvantage significantly influences risk of depression onset both in childhood and in adulthood. Early childhood adversity is also related to poor prognosis. KW - adult KW - article KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - disease severity KW - family life KW - female KW - human KW - interview KW - major clinical study KW - major depression KW - male KW - recurrent disease KW - regression analysis KW - remission KW - residential home KW - risk factor KW - social status KW - survival KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Chronic Disease KW - Cohort Studies KW - Depressive Disorder, Major KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Life Change Events KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Personality Development KW - Recurrence KW - Residential Mobility KW - Rhode Island KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :158 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 14672243 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gilman, S.E.; Dept. of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States N1 - References: Abramson, L.Y., Seligman, M.E., Teasdale, J.D., Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation (1978) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, pp. 49-74; Amato, P.R., Parental absence during childhood and depression in later life (1991) Sociological Quarterly, 32, pp. 543-556; Amato, P.R., Children's adjustment to divorce: Theories, hypotheses, and empirical support (1993) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, pp. 23-28; Amato, P.R., Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis (2001) Journal of Family Psychology, 15, pp. 355-370; Andrade, L., Eaton, W.W., Chilcoat, H.D., Lifetime co-morbidity of panic attacks and major depression in a population-based study: Age of onset (1996) Psychological Medicine, 26, pp. 991-996; Angold, A., Worthman, C.W., Puberty onset of gender differences in rates of depression: A developmental, epidemiologic and neuroendocrine perspective (1993) Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, pp. 145-158; Aseltine Jr., R.H., Pathways linking parental divorce with adolescent depression (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 133-148; Beardslee, W.R., Keller, M.B., Lavori, P.W., Staley, J., Sacks, N., The impact of parental affective disorder on depression in offspring: A longitudinal follow-up in a nonreferred sample (1993) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, pp. 723-730; Berndt, E.R., Koran, L.M., Finkelstein, S.N., Gelenberg, A.J., Kornstein, S.G., Miller, I.M., Thase, M.E., Keller, M.B., Lost human capital from early-onset chronic depression (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 940-947; Billings, A.G., Moos, R.H., Children of parents with unipolar depression: A controlled 1-year follow-up (1986) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, pp. 149-166; Bowlby, J., The making and breaking of affectional bonds. I. Aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory. An expanded version of the Fiftieth Maudsley Lecture, delivered before the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 19 November 1976 (1977) British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, pp. 201-210; Bracke, P., Sex differences in the course of depression: Evidence from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the Belgian population (1998) Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, pp. 420-429; Breslow, N.E., Covariance analysis of censored survival data (1974) Biometrics, 30, pp. 89-100; Buka, S.L., Gilman, S.E., Psychopathology and the life course (2002) Defining Psychopathology, in the 21st Century: DSM-V and Beyond, pp. 129-141. , (ed. J. E. Helzer and J. J. Hudziak), American Psychiatric Press: Washington, DC; Buka, S.L., Satz, P., Seidman, L., Lipsitt, L., Defining learning disabilities: The role of longitudinal studies (1998) Thalamus, 16, pp. 14-29; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis. A prospective study (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Cadoret, R.J., Woolson, R., Winokur, G., The relationship of age onset in unipolar affective disorder to risk of alcoholism and depression in parents (1977) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 13, pp. 137-142; Calev, A., Affect and memory in depression: Evidence of better delayed recall of positive than negative affect words (1996) Psychopathology, 29, pp. 71-76; Cherlin, A.J., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., McRae, C., Effects of parental divorce on mental health throughout the life course (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 239-249; Chorpita, B.F., Barlow, D.H., The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment (1998) Psychological Bulletin, 124, pp. 3-21; Christie, K.A., Burke Jr., J.D., Regier, D.A., Rae, D.S., Boyd, J.H., Locke, B.Z., Epidemiologic evidence for early onset of mental disorders and higher risk of drug abuse in young adults (1988) American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, pp. 971-975; Cohen, P., Brook, J.S., Cohen, J., Velez, N., Garcia, M., Common and uncommon pathways to adolescent psychopathology and problem behaviour (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, pp. 242-258. , (ed. L. N. Robins and M. Rutter), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; DeWit, D.J., Frequent childhood geographic relocation: Its impact on drug use initiation and the development of alcohol and other drug-related problems among adolescents and young adults (1998) Addictive Behaviors, 23, pp. 623-634; Eggebeen, D.J., Lichter, D.T., Race, family structure, and changing poverty among American children (1991) American Sociological Review, 56, pp. 801-817; Erdman, H.P., Klein, M.H., Greist, J.H., Bass, S.M., Bires, J.K., Machtinger, P.E., A comparison of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and clinical diagnosis (1987) American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, pp. 1477-1480; Farrer, L.A., Florio, L.P., Bruce, M.L., Leaf, P.J., Weissman, M.M., Reliability of self-reported age at onset of major depression (1989) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 23, pp. 35-47; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., Parental separation, adolescent psychopathology, and problem behaviors (1994) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, pp. 1122-1131; Fitzmaurice, G.M., Heath, A.F., Cox, D.R., Detecting overdispersion in large scale surveys: Application to a study of education and social class in Britain (1997) Applied Statistics, 46, pp. 415-432; Flint, A.J., Rifat, S.L., Recurrence of first-episode geriatric depression after discontinuation of maintenance antidepressants (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, pp. 943-945; Giaconia, R.M., Reinherz, H.Z., Silverman, A.B., Pakiz, B., Frost, A.K., Cohen, E., Ages of onset of psychiatric disorders in a community population of older adolescents (1994) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, pp. 706-717; Giles, D.E., Jarrett, R.B., Biggs, M.M., Guzick, D.S., Rush, A.J., Clinical predictors of recurrence in depression (1989) American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, pp. 764-767; Gilman, S.E., Abraham, H.D., A longitudinal study of the order of onset of alcohol dependence and major depression (2001) Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 63, pp. 277-286; Gilman, S.E., Kawachi, I., Fitzmaurice, G.M., Buka, S.L., Socioeconomic status in childhood and the lifetime risk of major depression (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 359-367; Gilman, S.E., Kawachi, I., Fitzmaurice, G.M., Buka, S.L., Family disruption in childhood and risk of adult depression (2003) American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, pp. 939-946; Harrington, R., Rutter, M., Weissman, M., Fudge, H., Groothues, C., Bredenkamp, D., Pickles, A., Wickramaratne, P., Psychiatric disorders in the relatives of depressed probands. I. Comparison of prepubertal, adolescent and early adult onset cases (1997) Journal of Affective Disorders, 42, pp. 9-22; Harris, T.O., Brown, G.W., Bifulco, A.T., Depression and situational helplessness/mastery in a sample selected to study childhood parental loss (1990) Journal of Affective Disorders, 20, pp. 27-41; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., Spaulding, J., Childhood events and circumstances influencing high school completion (1991) Demography, 28, pp. 133-157; Hendershott, A.B., Residential mobility, social support and adolescent self-concept (1989) Adolescence, 24, pp. 217-232; Henry, B., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Langley, J., Silva, P.A., On the 'remembrance of things past': A longitudinal evaluation of the retrospective method (1994) Psychological Assessment, 6, pp. 92-101; Hertzman, C., Wiens, M., Child development and long-term outcomes: A population health perspective and summary of successful interventions (1996) Social Science & Medicine, 43, pp. 1083-1095; Hetherington, E.M., Stanley-Hagan, M., The adjustment of children with divorced parents: A risk and resiliency perspective (1999) Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 40, pp. 129-140; Hetherington, E.M., Stanley-Hagan, M., Anderson, E.R., Marital transitions. A child's perspective (1989) American Psychologist, 44, pp. 303-312; Humke, C., Schaefer, C., Relocation: A review of the effects of residentail mobility on children and adolescents (1995) Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 32, pp. 18-24; Jaffee, S.R., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Fombonne, E., Poulton, R., Martin, J., Differences in early childhood risk factors for juvenile-onset and adult-onset depression (2002) Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, pp. 215-222; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Dohrenwend, B.P., Link, B.G., Brook, J.S., A longitudinal investigation of social causation and social selection processes involved in the association between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders (1999) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, pp. 490-499; Kasch, K.L., Klein, D.N., The relationship between age at onset and comorbidity in psychiatric disorders (1996) Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 184, pp. 703-707; Kaufman, J., Martin, A., King, R.A., Charney, D., Are child-, adolescent-, and adult-onset depression one and the same disorder? (2001) Biological Psychiatry, 49, pp. 980-1101; Keitner, G.I., Ryan, C.E., Miller, I.W., Norman, W.H., Recovery and major depression: Factors associated with twelve-month outcome (1992) American of Psychiatry, 149, pp. 93-99; Kendler, K.S., Thornton, L.M., Gardner, C.O., Stressful life events and previous episodes in the etiology of major depression in women: An evaluation of the 'kindling' hypothesis (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 1243-1251; Kessing, L.V., Andersen, E.W., Andersen, P.K., Predictors of recurrence in affective disorder - Analyses account for individual heterogeneity (2000) Journal of Affective Disorders, 57, pp. 139-145; Kessler, R.C., Davis, C.G., Kendler, K.S., Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey (1997) Psychological of Medicine, 27, pp. 1101-1119; Kessler, R.C., Magee, W.J., Childhood adversities and adult depression: Basic patterns of association in a US national survey (1993) Psychological Medicine, 23, pp. 679-690; Kessler, R.C., Magee, W.J., Childhood family violence and adult recurrent depression (1994) Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 35, pp. 13-27; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Swartz, M., Blazer, D.G., Nelson, C.B., Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence (1993) Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, pp. 85-96; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H.U., Kendler, K.S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 8-19; Klein, D.N., Schatzberg, A.F., McCullough, J.P., Dowling, F., Goodman, D., Howland, R.H., Markowitz, J.C., Keller, M.B., Age of onset in chronic major depression: Relation to demographic and clinical variables, family history, and treatment response (1999) Journal of Affective Disorders, 55, pp. 149-157; Kovacs, M., Presentation and course of major depressive disorder during childhood and later years of the life span (1996) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, pp. 705-715; Kovacs, M., Devlin, B., Pollock, M., Richards, C., Mukerji, P., A controlled family history study of childhood-onset depressive disorder (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, pp. 613-623; Kuyken, W., Brewin, C.R., Autobiographical memory functioning in depression and reports of early abuse (1995) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, pp. 585-591; Lewinsohn, P.M., Clarke, G.N., Seeley, J.R., Rohde, P., Major depression in community adolescents: Age at onset, episode duration, and time to recurrence (1994) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, pp. 809-818; Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., Fischer, S.A., Age-cohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental disorders (1993) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, pp. 110-120; Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., Klein, D.N., Gotlib, I.H., Natural course of adolescent major depressive disorder in a community sample: Predictors of recurrence in young adults (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 1584-1591; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Social Science and Medicine, 36, pp. 1047-1052; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, , Chapman and Hall: London; McLeod, J.D., Kessler, R.C., Landis, K.R., Speed of recovery from major depressive episodes in a community sample of married men and women (1992) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, pp. 277-286; McLeod, J.D., Shanahan, M.J., Poverty, parenting, and children's mental health (1993) American Sociological Review, 58, pp. 351-366; McLeod, J.D., Shanahan, M.J., Trajectories of poverty and children's mental health (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 207-220; Muntaner, C., Eaton, W.W., Diala, C., Kessler, R.C., Sorlie, P.D., Social class, assets, organizational control and the prevalence of common groups of psychiatric disorders (1998) Social Science & Medicine, 47, pp. 2043-2053; Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Federman, E.B., Leighton, A.H., Depression and anxiety in relation to social status. A prospective epidemiologic study (1991) Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, pp. 223-229; Niswander, K.R., Gordon, M., The Women and Their Pregnancies: The Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (1972), National Institute of Health: Washington, DC; Oliver, J.M., Simmons, M.E., Affective disorders and depression as measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the Beck Depression Inventory in an unselected adult population (1985) Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, pp. 469-477; Orvaschel, H., Early onset psychiatric disorder in high risk children and increased familial morbidity (1990) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, pp. 184-188; Parker, G., Wilhelm, K., Asghari, A., Early onset depression: The relevance of anxiety (1997) Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, pp. 30-37; Philibert, R.A., Richards, L., Lynch, C.F., Winokur, G., The effect of gender and age at onset of depression on mortality (1997) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58, pp. 355-360; Power, C., Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 32, pp. 411-417; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 210-221; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Prusoff, B.A., Merikangas, K.R., Weissman, M.M., Lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric disorders: Recall 4 years later (1988) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 22, pp. 107-117; Puig-Antich, J., Goetz, D., Davies, M., Kaplan, T., Davies, S., Ostrow, L., Asnis, L., Ryan, N.D., A controlled family history study of prepubertal major depressive disorder (1989) Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, pp. 406-418; Reynolds III, C.F., Dew, M.A., Frank, E., Begley, A.E., Miller, M.D., Cornes, C., Mazumdar, S., Kupfer, D.J., Effects of age at onset of first lifetime episode of recurrent major depression on treatment response and illness course in elderly patients (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 795-799; Robins, L.N., Helzer, J.E., Croughan, J., Ratcliff, K.S., National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity (1981) Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, pp. 381-389; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Rogler, L.H., Malgady, R.G., Tryon, W.W., Evaluation of mental health. Issues of memory in the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (1992) Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 180, pp. 223-226. , 215-222; Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P.M., Seeley, J.R., Comorbidity of unipolar depression: II. Comorbidity with other mental disorders in adolescents and adults (1991) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, pp. 214-222; Ross, C.E., Mirowsky, J., Parental divorce, life-course disruption, and adult depression (1999) Journal of Marriage & the Family, 61, pp. 1034-1045; Sadowski, H., Ugarte, B., Kolvin, I., Kaplan, C., Barnes, J., Early life family disadvantages and major depression in adulthood (1999) British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, pp. 112-120; (1999) SAS User's Guide, Version 8, , SAS Institute SAS Institute: Cary, NC; Silberg, J., Pickles, A., Rutter, M., Hewitt, J., Simonoff, E., Maes, H., Carbonneau, R., Eaves, L., The influence of genetic factors and life stress on depression among adolescent girls (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 225-232; Simpson, G.A., Fowler, M.G., Geographic mobility and children's emotional/behavioral adjustment and school functioning (1994) Pediatrics, 93, pp. 303-309; Solomon, D.A., Keller, M.B., Leon, A.C., Mueller, T.I., Lavori, P.W., Shea, M.T., Coryell, W., Endicott, J., Multiple recurrences of major depressive disorder (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 229-233; Steffens, D.C., Hays, J.C., George, L.K., Krishnan, K.R., Blazer, D.G., Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of number of previous depressive episodes in the depressed elderly (1996) Journal of Affective Disorders, 39, pp. 99-106; Stoneman, Z., Brody, G.H., Churchill, S.L., Winn, L.L., Effects of residential instability on Head Start children and their relationships with older siblings: Influences of child emotionality and conflict between family caregivers (1999) Child Development, 70, pp. 1246-1262; Thapar, A., McGuffin, P., A twin study of depressive symptoms in childhood (1994) British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp. 259-265; (1963), US Bureau of the Census US Bureau of the Census: Washington, DC; Wainwright, N.W.J., Surtees, P.G., Childhood adversity, gender and depression over the life-course (2002) Journal of Affective Disorders, 72, pp. 33-44; Warner, V., Weissman, M.M., Mufson, L., Wickramaratne, P.J., Grandparents, parents, and grandchildren at high risk for depression: A three-generation study (1999) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, pp. 289-296; Wei, L.J., The accelerated failure time model: A useful alternative to the Cox regression model in survival analysis (1992) Statistics in Medicine, 11, pp. 1871-1879; Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression (1977) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 98-111; Weissman, M.M., Wickramaratne, P., Merikangas, K.R., Leckman, J.F., Prusoff, B.A., Caruso, K.A., Kidd, K.K., Gammon, G.D., Onset of major depression in early adulthood. Increased familial loading and specificity (1984) Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, pp. 1136-1143; Weissman, M.M., Gammon, G.D., John, K., Merikangas, K.R., Warner, V., Prusoff, B.A., Sholomskas, D., Children of depressed parents. Increased psychopathology and early onset of major depression (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 847-853; Weissman, M.M., Warner, V., Wickramaratne, P., Prusoff, B.A., Early-onset major depression in parents and their children (1988) Journal of Affective Disorders, 15, pp. 269-277; Wittchen, H.U., Burke, J.D., Semler, G., Pfister, H., Von Cranach, M., Zaudig, M., Recall and dating of psychiatric symptoms. Test-retest reliability of time-related symptom questions in a standardized psychiatric interview (1989) Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, pp. 437-443; Wood, D., Halton, N., Scarlata, D., Newacheck, P., Nessim, S., Impact of family relocation on children's growth, development, school function, and behavior (1993) Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, pp. 1334-1338 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344035457&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291703008377&partnerID=40&md5=ee4343a3073875614ccdc6838914afbf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clestobothrium neglectum (Lönnberg, 1893) n. comb. (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidae) from the tadpole fish Raniceps raninus (L.) (Gadidae) from Sweden T2 - Systematic Parasitology J2 - Syst. Parasitol. VL - 56 IS - 3 SP - 189 EP - 194 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1023/B:SYPA.0000003805.07946.cd SN - 01655752 (ISSN) AU - Dronen, N.O. AU - Blend, C.K. AD - Dept. of Wildl. and Fish. Sciences, Coll. of Agric. and Life Sciences, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, United States AB - Clestobothrium neglectum (Lönnberg, 1893) n. comb. is redescribed from specimens previously deposited in The Natural History Museum, London, UK by Dr David I. Gibson obtained from the intestine of the tadpole fish Raniceps raninus (Gadidae) collected from off the western coast of Sweden, near Kristineberg. C. neglectum resembles C. crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819), the type- and only species currently recognised in the genus, but differs in having fine spiniform-like structures that are likely microtriches covering the posterior fourth of the scolex and all proglottids, a highly folded tegument forming numerous longitudinal ridges on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the proglottids giving them a scalloped appearance, a somewhat smaller egg (68 x 35 vs 75 x 40 μm), a U-shaped rather than H-shaped ovary and more testes (70-85 vs 40-50 per proglottid). C. neglectum is also compared to two species with similar scoleces that were previously assigned to Clestobothrium, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 and B. kivuensis Baer & Fain, 1958 (considered to be synonymous with B. acheilognathi by Pool, 1987). This is the first report of a species of Clestobothrium Lühe, 1899 (Bothriocephalidae) from a gadid fish. KW - Animals KW - Cestoda KW - Cypriniformes KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sweden KW - Bothriocephalidae KW - Bothriocephalus KW - Bothriocephalus acheilognathi KW - Cestoda KW - Gadidae KW - Raniceps raninus N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SYPAD C2 - 14707504 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dronen, N.O.; Dept. of Wildl. and Fish. Sciences, Coll. of Agric. and Life Sciences, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, United States N1 - References: Aleshkina, L.D., Parasite fauna of cape hake and dependence of its species composition on age of host (1982) Hydrobiological Journal, 18, pp. 56-58; Blend, C.K., Dronen, N.O., Bothriocephalus gadellus n. sp. (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidae) from the beardless codling Gadella imberbis (Vaillant) (Moridae) in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, with a review of species of Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 reported from gadiform fishes (2003) Systematic Parasitology, 54, pp. 33-42; Boyce, N.P., A new organ in cestode surface ultra structure (1976) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 54, pp. 610-613; Bray, R.A., Jones, A., Anderson, K.I., Order Pseudophyllidea Carus, 1863 (1994) Key to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates, pp. 205-247. , Khalil, L.F., Jones, A. & Bray, R.A. (Eds) Wallingford: CAB International; Carvajal, J., Cattan, P.E., Castillo, C., Schatte, P., Larval anisakids and other helminths in the hake, Meluccius gayi (Guichenot) from Chile (1979) Journal of Fish Biology, 15, pp. 671-677; Cholodkowski, N.A., Cestodes nouveaux ou peu connus, Troisième série (1915) Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, 19, pp. 516-523; Cooper, A.R., North American pseudophyllidean cestodes from fishes (1918) Illinois Biological Monographs, 4, pp. 1-243; Dollfus, R.P., Sur un cestode pseudophyllide parasite de poisson d'ornement (1935) Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 59, pp. 476-490; Duran, L.E., Oliva, M., Estudio parasitologica en Murluccius gayi pervanus Gingsburg, 1954 (1980) Boletin de Informaciones Parasitarias Chilenas, 35, pp. 18-21; Fernandez, B.J., Estudio parasitologico de Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872) (Pisces: Merluccidae): Aspectos sistematicos, estadisticos y zoogeograficos (1985) Boletin de la Sociedad de Biología de Concepción, 56, pp. 31-41; Froese, R., Pauly, D., (2003) FishBase, , www.fishbase.org, World Wide Web electronic publication; Gaevskaya, A.V., Umnova, B.A., Parasitic fauna of the principal commercial fishes of the Northwest Atlantic (1977) Soviet Journal of Marine Biology, 3, pp. 274-280; Gibson, D.I., Order Spathebothriidea Wardle & McLeod, 1952 (1994) Key to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates, pp. 15-19. , Khalil, L.F., Jones, A. & Bray, R.A. (Eds) Wallingford: CAB International; Joyeux, C., Baer, J.-G., Classe des cestodes (1961) Traité de Zoologie. Anatomie Systématique Biologie. Tome IV: Platyhelminthes, Mésozoaires, Acanthocéphales, Némertiens, pp. 347-560. , Grassé, P-P. (Ed.) Paris: Masson et Cie; Khalil, L.F., Jones, A., Bray, R.A., (1994) Key to the Cestodes of Vertebrates, 751p. , Wallingford: CAB International; Lönnberg, E., Bemerkung ueber einige Cestoden (1893) Bihang till Kongliga Svanska Vetenskats-Akademiems Handlingar, 18, pp. 1-17; Lühe, M., Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Bothriocephaliden (1899) Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 9, pp. 30-55; Markowski, S., The cestodes of pinnipeds in the Arctic and other regions (1952) Journal of Helminthology, 26, pp. 171-214; Meyers, T.R., Prevalence of fish parasitism in Raritan Bay, New Jersey (1978) Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 45, pp. 120-128; Oliva, M.E., Metazoan parasites of Macruronus magellanicus from southern Chile as biological tags (2001) Journal of Fish Biology, 58, pp. 1617-1622; Oliva, M.E., Ballon, I., Metazoan parasites of the Chilean hake Merluccius gayi gayi as a tool for stock discrimination (2002) Fisheries Research, 56, pp. 313-320. , Amsterdam; Olson, P.D., Caira, J.N., Evolution of the major lineages of tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoidea) inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA and elongation factor-1α (1999) Journal of Parasitology, 85, pp. 1134-1150; Olson, P.D., Littlewood, D.T.J., Bray, R.A., Mariaux, J., Interrelationships and evolution of the tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) (2001) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 19, pp. 443-467; Orecchia, P., Paggi, L., Aspetti di sistematica e di ecologia degli elminti parassiti di pesci marini studiati presso l'Instituto di Parassitologia dell'Università di Roma (1978) Parassitologia, 20, pp. 73-89; Pool, D.W., A note on the synonomy of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934, B. aegyptiacus Ryšavý and Moravec, 1975 and B. kivuensis Baer and Fain, 1958 (1987) Parasitology Research, 73, pp. 146-150; Rees, G., A comparison of the structure of the scolex of Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller, 1776) and Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rud., 1819) and the mode of attachment of the scolex to the intestine of the host (1958) Parasitology, 48, pp. 468-492; Reimer, L.W., Parasites of Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus from the coast of Namibia (1993) Applied Parasitology, 34, pp. 143-150; Rudolphi, C.A., (1819) Entozoorus Synopsis Cui Accedunt Mantissa Duplex et Indices Locupletissimi, 821p. , Berolini; Schmidt, G.D., (1986) CRC Handbook of Tapeworm Identification, 675p. , Boca Raton: CRC Press; Scott, J.S., Helminth parasites of the alimentary tract of the hakes (Merluccius, Urophycis, Phycis: Teleostei) of the Scotian shelf (1987) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, pp. 304-311; Tadros, G., On a new cestode Bothriocephalus prudhoei sp. nov. from the Nile catfish Clarias anguillaris with some remarks on the genus Clestobothrium Lühe, 1899 (1967) Bulletin of the Zoological Society of Egypt, 21, pp. 74-88; Wardle, R.A., The Cestoda of Canadian fishes. III. Additions to the Pacific coastal fauna (1935) Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 8, pp. 79-87; Whilhelm, D.E., Vargas, V., Contribución al estudio de los helmintos parásitos de Merluccius gayi gayi (Guichenot) en el Pacífico frente a la zona de Concepción (Chile) (1960) Actas y Trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoología, 2, pp. 261-268; Woodland, W.N.F., On some remarkable new Monticellia-like and other cestodes from Sudanese siluroids (1925) Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 69, pp. 703-729; Yamaguti, S., Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 4. Cestodes of fishes (1934) Japanese Journal of Zoology, 6, pp. 1-112; Yamaguti, S., (1959) Systema Helminthum. Volume II. The Cestodes of Vertebrates, 2, 860p. , New York: Interscience Publishers Inc UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0345581283&doi=10.1023%2fB%3aSYPA.0000003805.07946.cd&partnerID=40&md5=57ff882b62246da0344754b28c5e5c83 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy on birth weight: Intergenerational cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 327 IS - 7420 SP - 898 EP - 900 PY - 2003 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Smith, G.D. AU - Power, C. AD - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To investigate the influences on birth weight of maternal smoking during pregnancy across generations. Design: Intergenerational cohort study. Participants: Members of the 1958 birth cohort and their offspring and mothers. Setting: England, Scotland, and Wales. Main outcome measure: Birth weight. Results: Information on grandmothers' smoking during pregnancy was available for 9028 singleton offspring of 4302 female cohort members. Assuming heritable transmission through the intergenerational birth weight association, grandmothers' smoking was predicted to result in a 34 g reduction (95% confidence interval -41 g to -28 g) in the birth weight of grandchildren. Random effects models showed a negative association between grandmothers' smoking and birth weight of grandchildren (β regression coefficient -24 g, -50 g to 3 g), but this effect was eliminated after adjustment for maternal smoking (0 g, -26 g to 26 g). No association was evident among the offspring of non-smoking mothers (n = 6105; 14 g, -17 g to 46 g), and after adjustment for maternal birth weight and height and body mass index as adults, grandmothers' smoking was positively associated with the birth weight of grandchildren (45 g, 10 g to 80 g). Conclusion: Deficits in mothers' birth weight attributable to their mother smoking was not evident in the grandchildren. KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - mother KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Linear Models KW - Mothers KW - Pedigree KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 14563745 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hyppönen, E.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: e.hypponen@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Stein, A.D., Lumey, L.H., The relationship between maternal and offspring birth weights after maternal prenatal famine exposure: The Dutch famine birth cohort study (2000) Hum Biol, 72, pp. 641-654; Price, K.C., Shibley Hyde, J., Coe, C.L., Matrilineal transmission of birth weight in the Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) across several generations (1999) Obstet Gynecol, 94, pp. 128-134; Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Power, C., Jefferis, B.J., Fetal environment and subsequent obesity: A study of maternal smoking (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 413-419; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; National Child Development Study composite File including selected Perinatal Data and sweeps one to five [computer file]. Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. SN: 3148. Colchester, Essex: Data Archive distributor. 1994; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 12, pp. 45-60; Lumey, L.H., Stein, A.D., Ravelli, A.C., Maternal recall of birthweights of adult children: Validation by hospital and well baby clinic records (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 1006-1012 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0142105923&partnerID=40&md5=ec3d7aefba020cc0cd893b16e430244a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breast feeding and obesity in childhood: Cross sectional study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 327 IS - 7420 SP - 904 EP - 905 PY - 2003 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Li, L. AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Power, C. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom KW - article KW - body mass KW - breast feeding KW - child KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - human KW - obesity KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - Adolescent KW - Body Mass Index KW - Breast Feeding KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio N1 - Cited By :77 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 14563747 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Li, L.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol. B., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: L.Li@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Gillman, M.W., Rifas-Shiman, S.L., Camargo C.A., Jr., Berkey, C.S., Frazier, A.L., Rockett, H.R., Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2461-2467; Hediger, M.L., Overpeck, M.D., Kuczmarski, R.J., Ruan, W.J., Association between infant breastfeeding and overweight in young children (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2453-2460; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Infant feeding and obesity through the lifecourse (2003) Arch Dis Child, 8, pp. 793-794; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0142042414&partnerID=40&md5=749937421e4c25c7e457ce2c2a4fa937 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental Socialization in Childhood and Offspring Materialist and Postmaterialist Values in Adult Life T2 - Journal of Applied Social Psychology J2 - J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. VL - 33 IS - 10 SP - 2106 EP - 2122 PY - 2003 SN - 00219029 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AD - Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study used data from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS) to examine the role of parental socialization in offspring materialist and postmaterialist values in adult life. It was found that for both genders, educational attainment was positively associated with postmaterialist values. Poor relations with father in adolescence and absence of partner in adult life predicted postmaterialist values in women, and religiosity and absence of financial difficulties in childhood predicted materialist values in men. N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Achenreiner, G.B., Materialistic values and susceptibility to influence in children (1997) Advances in Consumer Research, 24, pp. 82-88; Amato, P.R., Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd Ed., Rev. Ed.), DSM-III-R. , Washington, DC: Author; (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Ed.), , Washington, DC: Author; Belk, R.W., Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world (1985) Journal of Consumer Research, 12, pp. 265-280; Beutel, A.M., Marini, M.M., Gender and values (1995) American Sociological Review, 60, pp. 436-448; Braithwaite, V., Makkai, T., Pittelkow, Y., Inglehart's materialism-postmaterialism concept: Clarifying the dimensionality debate through Rokeach's model of social values (1996) Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, pp. 1536-1555; Bredemeier, H.C., Toby, J., (1960) Social Problems in America: Costs and Casualties in An Acquisitive Society, , New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Burroughs, J.E., Rindfleisch, A., Materialism as a coping mechanism: An inquiry into family disruption (1997) Advances in Consumer Research, 24, pp. 89-97; Campbell, S.B., Behavior problems in preschool children: A review of recent research (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 115-149; Churchill Jr., G.A., Moschis, G.P., Television and interpersonal influences on adolescent consumer learning (1979) Journal of Consumer Research, 6, pp. 23-35; Easterlin, R.A., Crimmins, E.M., Private materialism, personal self-fulfillment, family life, and public interest: The nature, effects, and causes of recent changes in the values of American youth (1991) Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, pp. 499-533; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behavior before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Flouri, E., An integrated model of consumer materialism: Can economic socialization and maternal values predict materialistic attitudes in adolescents? (1999) Journal of Socio-Economics, 28, pp. 707-724; Flouri, E., The role of family togetherness and right-wing attitudes in adolescent materialism (2001) Journal of Socio-Economics;, 30, pp. 363-365; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., Life satisfaction in teenage boys: The moderating role of father involvement and bullying (2002) Aggressive Behavior, 28, pp. 126-133; Fromm, E., (1949) Man for Himself: An Enquiry into the Psychology of Ethics, , London, UK: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Ger, G., Belk, R.W., Cross-cultural differences in materialism (1996) Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, pp. 55-77; Gold, B.T., Enviousness and its relationship to maladjustment and psychopathology (1996) Personality and Individual Differences, 21, pp. 311-321; Inglehart, R., (1977) The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Republics, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Inglehart, R., (1990) Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Kasser, T., Ryan, R.M., A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, pp. 410-422; Kasser, T., Ryan, R.M., Zax, M., Sameroff, A.J., The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents' materialistic and prosocial values (1995) Developmental Psychology, 31, pp. 907-914; Katz, I., Hass, R.G., Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, pp. 893-905; Kazdin, A.E., Treatment of antisocial behavior in children: Current status and future directions (1987) Psychological Bulletin, 102, pp. 187-203; Kilby, R.W., (1993) The Study of Human Values, , Lanham, MD: University Press of America; Kohn, M.L., Slomczynski, K.M., Schoenbach, C., Social stratification and the transmission of values in the family: A cross-national assessment (1986) Sociological Forum, 1, pp. 73-102; Kovacs, M., Devlin, B., Internalizing disorders in childhood (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 147-163; Krueger, R.F., McGue, M., Iacono, W.G., The higher-order structure of common DSM mental disorders: Internalization, externalization, and their connections to personality (2001) Personality and Individual Differences, 30, pp. 1245-1259; LaBarbera, P.A., Gurhan, Z., The role of materialism, religiosity, and demographics in subjective well-being (1997) Psychology and Marketing, 14, pp. 71-97; Marks, G.N., The formation of materialist and postmaterialist values (1997) Social Science Research, 26, pp. 52-68; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: A longitudinal study (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 669-685; Mick, D.G., Are studies of dark side variables confounded by socially desirable responding? (1996) Journal of Consumer Research, 23, pp. 106-119; Moschis, G.P., (1987) Consumer Socialization: A Life-cycle Perspective, , Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; Perinatal Mortality Survey, , http://www.data-archive.ac.uk; Rahn, W.M., Transue, J.E., Social trust and value change: The decline of social capital in American youth, 1976-1995 (1998) Political Psychology, 19, pp. 545-565; Rasinski, K.A., What's fair is fair - Or is it? Value differences underlying public views about social justice (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, pp. 201-211; Richins, M.L., Dawson, S., A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation (1992) Journal of Consumer Research, 19, pp. 303-316; Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J.E., Denton, F., Family structure, materialism, and compulsive consumption (1997) Journal of Consumer Research, 23, pp. 312-325; Robins, L.N., Conduct disorder (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 193-212; Rokeach, M., (1973) The Nature of Human Values, , New York, NY: Free Press; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, UK: Longman; Rudmin, F.W., German and Canadian data on motivations for ownership: Was Pythagoras right? (1990) Advances in Consumer Research, 17, pp. 176-181; Schroeder, J.E., Dugal, S.S., Psychological correlates of the materialism construct (1995) Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 10, pp. 243-253; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (Ed.). London, UK: National Children's Bureau; Singhal, R., Misra, G., Meaning of achievement: The role of sociocultural background and social class (1992) Psychologia, 35, pp. 42-49; Swinyard, W.R., Kau, A., Phua, H., Happiness, materialism, and religious experience in the United States and Singapore (2001) Journal of Happiness Studies, 2, pp. 13-32; Tepperman, L., Curtis, J., Popular images of the future: Cross-national survey results, 1981 and 1991 (1995) Futures, 27, pp. 549-570; Wachtel, P.L., Blatt, S.J., Perceptions of economic needs and anticipated future income (1990) Journal of Economic Psychology, 11, pp. 403-415; Ward, S., Wackman, D., Family and media influences on adolescent consumer learning (1971) American Behavioral Scientist, 14, pp. 415-427 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0742286692&partnerID=40&md5=27a65b9bb5b9a6976c5a8cc1b79e27cb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Principal curve analysis avoids assumptions of dependence between measures of hand skill T2 - Laterality J2 - Laterality VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 307 EP - 316 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1080/13576500412331325352 SN - 1357650X (ISSN) AU - Leask, S.J. AD - Nottingham University, Department of Psychiatry, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Mapperley, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom AB - The relationship between laterality and performance is unclear, and using laterality indices to explore this relationship can be misleading. An alternative approach is to consider laterality as a bivariate construct. A scatterplot of measures on each side will allow the distribution of values in a population to be visualised. However, determining where mean values lie in a population is problematic. Even non-parametric regression techniques such as lowess make assumptions about one variable being independent and the other dependent. Such assumptions are arbitrary in the case of measures by side. Assumptions of dependence are avoided using principal curve analysis. The results of two nonparametric fitting techniques (lowess regression and a principal curve analysis) are compared using hand skill data on 12,782 11-year-olds from a UK national birth cohort. The lowess regression is misleading. The principal curve analysis shows that absolute right-left performance differences increase with hand skill to a maximum about the point of average hand skill, and the difference is then constant up to extremes of hand skill. KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - hand function KW - hemispheric dominance KW - human KW - human experiment KW - left handedness KW - motor performance KW - nonparametric test KW - normal human KW - regression analysis KW - right handedness KW - school child KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LATEF LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leask, S.J.; Nottingham University, Department of Psychiatry, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Mapperley, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom; email: stuart.leask@nottingham.ac.uk N1 - References: Annett, M., A model of the inheritance of handedness and cerebral dominance (1964) Nature, 204 (4953), pp. 59-60; Annett, M., Parallels between asymmetries of Planum temporale and of hand skill (1992) Neuropsychologia, 30 (11), pp. 951-962; Annett, M., Kilshaw, D., Right and left-hand skill II. Estimating the parameters of the distribution of L differences in males & females (1983) British Journal of Psychology, 74 (2), pp. 269-283; Bishop, D.V.M., (1990) Handedness and Developmental Disorder, , Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc; Bryden, M.P., Sprott, D.A., Statistical determination of degree of laterality (1981) Neuropsychologia, 19 (4), pp. 571-581; Bryden, M.P., Sprott, D.A., Some problems with "some problems with Bryden and Sprott's 'statistical determination of degree of lateralization'" (1983) Neuropsychologia, 21 (3), pp. 299-300; Bullmore, E., Brammer, M., Harvey, I., Ron, M., Against the laterality index as a measure of cerebral asymmetry (1995) Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 61, pp. 121-124; Cleveland, W.S., Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots (1979) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74 (368), pp. 829-836; Curt, F., Maccario, J., Dellatolas, G., Distributions of hand preference and hand skill, asymmetry in preschool children: Theoretical implications (1992) Neuropsychologia, 30 (1), pp. 27-34; Hastie, T., Stuetzle, W., Principal curves (1989) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84 (406), pp. 502-516; Ihaka, R., Gentleman, R., A language for data analysis and graphics (1996) Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5, pp. 299-314; Leask, S.J., Crow, T.J., How far does the brain lateralize?: An unbiased method for determining the optimum degree of hemispheric specialisation (1997) Neuropsychologia, 36 (12), pp. 1275-1282; Marshall, J.C., Caplan, D., Holmes, J.M., The measure of laterality (1975) Neuropsychologia, 13, pp. 315-321; McManus, I.C., The interpretation of laterality (1983) Cortex, 19 (2), pp. 187-214; McManus, I.C., Handedness, language dominance and aphasia: A genetic model (1985) Psychological Medicine - Monograph Supplement, 8, pp. 1-40; McManus, I.C., Right- and left-hand skill: Failure of the right-shift model (1985) British Journal of Psychology, 76, pp. 1-16; McManus, I.C., Murray, B., Doyle, K., Baron-Cohen, S., Handedness in childhood autism shows a dissociation of skill and preference (1992) Cortex, 28 (3), pp. 373-381; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection (NCDS Working Paper No. 1), , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Tan, Ü., Kutlu, N., Right and left hand skill in relation to cerebral lateralization in right-handed male and female subjects: The prominent role of the right brain in right-handedness (1992) International Journal of Neuroscience, 64, pp. 125-138 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0142247149&doi=10.1080%2f13576500412331325352&partnerID=40&md5=ec153663458d8b09635fb676cb9e3612 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child to adult socioeconomic conditions and obesity in a national cohort T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 27 IS - 9 SP - 1081 EP - 1086 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802323 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AU - Matthews, S. AD - Dept. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Statistics, Sch. of Pub. Hlth./Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Dept. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - OBJECTIVE: Critical stages in childhood are suspected for adult obesity. We sought to identify (i) whether risk of adult obesity is influenced by childhood socioeconomic conditions in addition to those in adulthood; and (ii) whether conditions in childhood act independently or through their association with education or parental obesity. DESIGN: Longitudinal, 1958 British birth cohort. SUBJECTS: A total of 11 405 men and women followed to age 33 y. MEASUREMENTS: Social class at birth and ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 y. Obesity (BMI ≥30) at age 33 y. RESULTS: Social class was related to obesity, cross-sectionally at ages 16 (women), 23 and 33 y, but not at younger ages. In analysis of adult obesity (age 33 y) and social class at five life stages, class at age 7 y significantly predicted obesity for women (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.31, that is, the odds increased by 31% for each decrease in social class). For men, class at birth and age 23y predicted adult obesity (adjusted OR = 1.1 9 and 1.16, respectively). Education was also associated with adult obesity, increasing the odds by 30% (men) and 35% (women) for each decrease in qualification level. Adjustment for education level and parental BMI did not abolish the effect on adult obesity of class at age 7 y among women, nor of class at birth among men, while class at age 23 y reduced to borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sectional associations for social class and obesity can be misleading and obscure effects of childhood socioeconomic conditions. Influences around birth to age 7 y have a long-lasting impact on the risk of adult obesity. KW - Birth cohort KW - Critical stage KW - Education KW - Longitudinal study KW - Social class KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - education KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - social class KW - social status KW - statistical analysis KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :98 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 12917714 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: L128251021, Economic and Social Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council N1 - Funding details: 3148, Pat Cosh Trust Fund, Pat Cosh Trust Fund N1 - Funding text: The research was supported by the UK Economic and Social Research Council under the Health Variations Programme (L128251021). The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research supports C Power as a Fellow. Data acknowledgment: Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education. National Child Development Study Composite File including selected Perinatal Data and sweeps one to five [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children’s Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. The Data Archive. SN: 3148. Colchester. 1994. N1 - References: Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (8 SUPPL.), pp. S1-S107; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , BMJ: Tavistock, London; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Nanchahal, K., Braddon, F.E.M., Pemberton, J., Peters, T., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain (1998) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 52, pp. 142-152; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Kauhanen, J., Wilson, T.W., Smith, N.L., Salonen, J.T., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; Prescott-Clarke, P., Primatesta, P., (1998) Health Survey for England '96, , The Stationary Office: London; Sobal, J., Stunkard, A.J., Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature (1989) Psychol Bull, 105, pp. 260-275; Power, C., Parsons, T., Nutritional and other influences in childhood as predictors of adult obesity (2000) Proc Nutr Soc, 59, pp. 1-6; Braddon, F.E.M., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 299-303; Flegal, K.M., Harlan, W.R., Landis, J.R., Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult men (1988) Am J Clin Nutr, 48, pp. 544-551; Kuskowska-Wolk, A., Bergstrom, R., Trends in body mass index and prevalence of obesity in Swedish men 1980-89 (1993) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 47, pp. 103-108; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Soc Sci Med, 45, pp. 761-771; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau: London; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 12, pp. 445-453; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Young Adults in Great Britain, , HMSO: London; Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry (1995) WHO Technical Report Series, 854. , Geneva: WHO; Wax, Y., Collinearity diagnostics for a relative risk regression analysis (1992) Stat Med, 11, pp. 1273-1287; Whitaker, R.C., Dietz, W.H., Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 768-776; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 955-959; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Jarvelin, M.R., Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 287-294; Whitaker, R.C., Pepe, M.S., Wright, J.A., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Early adiposity rebound and the risk of adult obesity (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. E5; Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M., Kuh, D., The influence of childhood weight and socioeconomic status on change in adult body mass index in a British national birth cohort (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 725-734; Peckham, C.S., Stark, O., Simonite, V., Wolff, O.H., Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1983) BMJ, 286, pp. 1237-1242; Duran-Tauleria, E., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness in British children (1995) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 49, pp. 466-473; Prescott-Clarke, P., Primatesta, P., (1998) Health Survey for England: The Health of Young People '95-'97, , The Stationary Office: London; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; (1999) Obesity: The Report of the British Nutrition Task Force, , Blackwell Science: Oxford; Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: Ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (2000) BMJ, 318, pp. 897-900; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 961-971; Prentice, A.M., Jebb, S.A., Obesity in Britain: Gluttony or sloth? (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 437-439; Jebb, S.A., Prentice, A.M., Cole, T.J., Obesity and social class in women: Effects of smoking and physical activity (1997) Proc Nutr Soc, 56, pp. 159A; Pekkanen, J., Uutela, A., Valkonen, T., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Coronary risk factor levels: Differences between educational groups in 1972-87 in eastern Finland (1995) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 49, pp. 144-149; Seidell, J.C., Flegal, K.M., Assessing obesity: Classification and epidemiology (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 238-252 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042820382&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802323&partnerID=40&md5=347713fca4a2e2cb80b9965f8dccdc28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Infant feeding and obesity through the lifecourse T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 88 IS - 9 SP - 793 EP - 794 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1136/adc.88.9.793 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth./Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, POB 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - In the 1958 British birth cohort (n = 12 857 at age 7), breast feeding and BMI were unrelated in childhood. Breast feeding was protective against increased BMI at ages 16 and 33 years in females, and at 33 years in males, but this effect was markedly reduced and no longer significant after adjustment for confounding factors. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - aging KW - article KW - body mass KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - infant feeding KW - male KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - sex difference KW - statistical significance KW - United Kingdom KW - weight gain KW - weight reduction KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Bottle Feeding KW - Breast Feeding KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant Nutrition Physiology KW - Male KW - Obesity N1 - Cited By :71 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 12937101 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parsons, T.J.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: t.parsons@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Von Kries, R., Koletzko, B., Sauerwald, T., Breast feeding and obesity: Cross sectional study (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 147-150; Hediger, M.L., Overpeck, M.D., Kuczmarski, R.J., Association between infant breasffeeding and overweight in young children (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2453-2460; Gillman, M.W., Rifas-Shiman, S.L., Camargo C.A., Jr., Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfedas infants (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2461-2467; Poulton, R., Williams, S., Breastfeeding and risk of overweight (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 1449-1450; Marmot, M.G., Page, C.M., Atkins, E., Effect of breast-feeding on plasma cholesterol and weight in young adults (1980) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 34, pp. 164-167; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0041639422&doi=10.1136%2fadc.88.9.793&partnerID=40&md5=7f798767d690724c654800d638c7c6d7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prenatal growth, BMI, and risk of type 2 diabetes by early midlife T2 - Diabetes Care J2 - Diabetes Care VL - 26 IS - 9 SP - 2512 EP - 2517 PY - 2003 DO - 10.2337/diacare.26.9.2512 SN - 01495992 (ISSN) AU - Hyppönen, E. AU - Power, C. AU - Smith, G.D. AD - C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - OBJECTIVE - Small size at birth has been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to evaluate how risk of diabetes associated with low birth weight is affected by accumulation of body mass from childhood to adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Subjects from the 1958 British birth cohort (born 3-9 March 1958) have been followed regularly since birth. In the survey at 41 years of age, 88 participants reported type 2 diabetes (n = 10,683). RESULTS - Participants in whom diabetes developed weighed less at birth and had higher BMIs than the others. Birth weight (adjusted for gestational age and sex) was inversely related to risk of diabetes (odds ratio for 1-SD change 0.76, 95% CI 0.56-0.99). All diabetic participants in the lowest third of birth weight were in the highest third of weight gain by 23 years of age. An increased risk of diabetes was found for those in the lowest third of BMI at 7 years of age (2.84, 1.2-6.9), but diabetic participants in this group had excessive weight gain to 23 years of age. All but one diabetic participant in the highest third of childhood BMI remained in the highest third until 23 years of age. Risk of diabetes by BMI at 23 years of age was 22.9-fold (95% CI 12-42) for obese participants and 3.8-fold (2.1-6.9) for overweight participants compared with those of normal weight. CONCLUSIONS - There was no increase in risk of diabetes for small size at birth without excessive postnatal weight gain. Adult obesity was the most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes developing by early midlife. KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - female KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus KW - obesity KW - prenatal growth KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - weight gain KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Parents KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :56 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: DICAD C2 - 12941711 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hyppönen, E.; C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: e.hypponen@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Hennekens, C.H., Arky, R.A., Speizer, F.E., Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 501-513; Resnick, H.E., Valsania, P., Halter, J.B., Lin, X., Relation of weight gain and weight loss on subsequent diabetes risk in overweight adults (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 596-602; Ford, E.S., Williamson, D.F., Liu, S., Weight change and diabetes incidence: Findings from a national cohort of US adults (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 146, pp. 214-222; Barker, D.J., Males, C.N., Fall, C.H., Osmond, C., Phipps, K., Clark, P.M., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): Relation to reduced fetal growth (1993) Diabetologia, 36, pp. 62-67; Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M.S., Cole, T.J., Fetal origins of adult disease - The hypothesis revisited (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 245-249; Vanhala, M., Vanhala, P., Kumpusalo, E., Halonen, P., Takala, J., Relation between obesity from childhood to adulthood and the metabolic syndrome: Population based Study (1998) BMJ, 317, p. 319; Freedman, D.S., Khan, L.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2001) Pediatrics, 108, pp. 712-718; Abraham, S., Collins, G., Nordsieck, M., Relationship of childhood weight, status to morbidity in adults (1971) HSMHA Health Reports, 86, pp. 273-284; Wright, C.M., Parker, L., Lamont, D., Craft, A.W., Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: Findings from thousand families cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1280-1284; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Jaddoe, V.W., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Effects of size at birth and childhood growth on the insulin resistance syndrome in elderly individuals (2002) Diabetologia, 45, pp. 342-348; Seidell, J.C., Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes: A worldwide epidemic (2000) Br J Nutr, 83 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S5-S8; Rosenbloom, A.L., Joe, J.R., Young, R.S., Winter, W.E., Emerging epidemic of type 2 diabetes in youth (1999) Diabetes Care, 22, pp. 345-354; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh, Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London, National Children's Bureau; (1994) National Child Development Study Composite File Including Selected Perinatal Data and Sweeps 1 to 5 (Computer File), , National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. SN 3148. Colchester, Essex, The Data Archive Distributor; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1331-1335; (1999) National Child Development Study Sixth Follow-Up, NCDS6 [Article Online], , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm; (2001) Statistical Software: Release 7.0, , College Station, TX, Stata Corporation; Forsen, T., Eriksson, J., Tuomilehto, J., Reunanen, A., Osmond, C., Barker, D., The fetal and childhood growth of persons who develop type 2 diabetes (2000) Ann Intern Med, 133, pp. 176-182; McCance, D.R., Pettitt, D.J., Hanson, R.L., Jacobsson, L.T., Knowler, W.C., Bennett, P.H., Birth weight and non-insulin dependent diabetes: Thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, or surviving small baby genotype? (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 942-945; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Cox, L.J., Fall, C., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1019-1022; Ravelli, A.C., Der Meulen, J.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Bleker, O.P., Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 811-816; Ravelli, A.C., Van der Meulen, J.H., Michels, R.P., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Hales, C.N., Bleker, O.P., Glucose tolerance in adults after prenatal exposure to famine (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 173-177; Lindsay, R.S., Dabelea, D., Roumain, J., Hanson, R.L., Bennet, P.H., Knowler, W.C., Type 2 diabetes and low birth weight: The role of paternal inheritance in the association of low birth weight and diabetes (2000) Diabetes, 49, pp. 445-449; Hyppönen, E., Davey Smith, G., Power, C., Parental diabetes and birth weight of offspring: Intergenerational cohort study (2003) BMJ, 326, pp. 19-20; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Early adiposity rebound in childhood and risk of type 2 diabetes in adult life (2003) Diabetologia, 46, pp. 190-194; Elbein, S.C., Perspective: The search for genes for type 2 diabetes in the post-genome era (2002) Endocrinology, 143, pp. 2012-2018; Hyppönen, E., Virtanen, S.M., Kenward, M.G., Knip, M., Akerblom, H.K., Obesity, increased linear growth, and risk of type 1 diabetes in children (2000) Diabetes Care, 23, pp. 1755-1760; Velho, G., Robert, J.J., Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): Genetic and clinical characteristics (2002) Horm Res, 57 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 29-33; Harlow, S.D., Linet, M.S., Agreement between questionnaire data and medical records: The evidence for accuracy of recall (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 233-248 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042324132&doi=10.2337%2fdiacare.26.9.2512&partnerID=40&md5=d5ef6b1a27dfd2cbd3b41a80428aaab2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socio-economic adversity and psychosocial adjustment: A developmental-contextual perspective T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 57 IS - 6 SP - 1001 EP - 1015 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00475-6 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Schoon, I. AU - Sacker, A. AU - Bartley, M. AD - Department of Psychology, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol./Public Health, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - The aim of this paper is twofold: firstly to investigate whether the association between childhood and adult psychosocial adjustment can be explained by socio-economic adversity experienced during childhood, and secondly to explore the role of family socio-economic disadvantage and psychological development in explaining adult social inequality in psychological well-being. A developmental-contextual perspective is adopted to analyse the pathways linking childhood experiences to adult functioning in a changing socio-historical context. The study draws on longitudinal data collected for two cohorts of about 30,000 individuals born in Great Britain 12 years apart. Structural equation modelling is used to assess the long-term influence of socio-economic adversity on psychosocial adjustment, and to compare different explanatory models of health inequalities. The results reject a simple selection or social causation argument, suggesting that both dynamics operate in life course development. The effects of social risk cumulate throughout the life course, influencing both behaviour adjustment during childhood and adult psychosocial functioning. It is concluded that the explanation of health differences in adult life must account for the reciprocal interaction between individual behaviour and social circumstances. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Adult psychological well-being KW - Behaviour adjustment KW - Great Britain KW - Life course KW - Social risk KW - socioeconomic conditions KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - dynamics KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - normal human KW - psychology KW - social psychology KW - socioeconomics KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - Depression KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Holistic Health KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Poverty KW - Prospective Studies KW - Psychosocial Deprivation KW - Quality of Life KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Adjustment KW - Social Change KW - Stress, Psychological N1 - Cited By :54 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 12878101 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; Department of Psychology, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom; email: i.schoon@city.ac.uk N1 - References: Ackerman, B.P., Schoff, K., Levinson, K., Youngstrom, E., Izard, C.E., The relations between cluster indexes of risk and promotion and the problem behaviours of 6- and 7-year-old children from economically disadvantaged families (1999) Developmental Psychology, 6, pp. 1355-1366; Arbuckle, J.C., (1999) Amos for windows: Analysis of moment structures. Version 4.01, , Chicago: SmallWaters Corp; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, babies and disease in later life, , London: British Medical Journal Publishing; Bentler, P.M., Comparative fit indices in structural models (1990) Psychological Bulletin, 107, pp. 238-246; Birch, H.G., Gussow, J.D., (1970) Disadvantaged children: Health, nutrition and school failure, , New York: Grune & Stratton; Bolger, K.E., Patterson, C.J., Thompson, W.W., Psychosocial adjustment among children experiencing persistent and intermittent family economic hardship (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1107-1129; Bollen, K.A., (1989) Structural equations with latent variables, , New York: Wiley; Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S., (Eds.). (1993). Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park: Sage; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Britto, P.R., Are socioeconomic gradients for children similar to those for adults? (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 94-124. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guildford Press; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1989) Life events and illness, , London: Unwin & Hyman; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., Aetiology of anxiety and depressive disorders in an inner-city population. Early adversity (1993) Psychological Medicine, 23, pp. 143-154; Butler, N., Despotidou, S., & Shepherd, P. (1997). 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) ten-year follow-up: A guide to the BCS70 10-year data available at the economic and social research unit data archive. Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Campbell, S.B., Pierce, E.W., Moore, G., Marakovitz, S., Newby, K., Boy's externalising problems at elementary school age: Pathways from early behavioural problems, maternal control, and family stress (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 701-719; Cicchetti, D., Tucker, D., Development and self-regulatory structures of the mind (1994) Development and Psychopathology, 6, pp. 533-549; Cohen, J., A power primer (1992) Psychological Bulletin, 112 (1), pp. 155-159; Conger, R.D., Conger, K.J., Elder, G.H., Lorenz, F.O., Simons, R.L., Whatibeck, L.B., Family economic stress and adjustment of early adolescent girls (1993) Developmental Psychology, 29, pp. 206-219; Davie, R., Butler, H., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven: The second report of the national child development study (1958 cohort), , London: Longman; Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S., Bates, J.E., Socialization mediators on the relation between socio-economic status and child conduct problems (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 649-665; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of growing up poor, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Economic deprivation and early childhood development (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 296-318; Duncan, G.J., Rodgers, W.L., Longitudinal aspects of poverty (1988) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, pp. 1007-1021; Duncan, G.J., Yeung, W.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Smith, J.R., How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children? (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 406-423; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., & Shepherd, P. (1992). An integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS). City University, London: SSRU Cohort Studies Working Paper, No. 1; Elander, J., Rutter, M., Use and development of the Rutter Parents' and Teachers' Scales (1995) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, p. 1511; Elander, J., Rutter, M., An update on the status of the Rutter Parents' and Teachers' scales (1996) Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 1, pp. 31-15135; Elder Jr., G. H. (Ed.). (1985). Life course dynamics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Feiring, C., Lewis, M., Finality in the eye of the beholder: Multiple sources, multiple time points, multiple paths (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 721-733; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lawton, J.M., Vulnerability to childhood problems and family social background (1990) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, pp. 1145-1160; Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Educational, psychosocial and sexual outcomes of girls with conduct problems in early adolescence (2000) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, pp. 779-792; Ferri, E., Smith, K., Where you life and who you live with (1997) Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere. Twenty-something in the 1990s, pp. 53-76. , J. Bynner, E. Ferri, & P. Shepherd. Aldershot: Ashgate; Fitzgerald, H.E., Lester, B.M., Zuckerman, B.S., (1995) Children of poverty: Research, health, and policy issues, , New York: Garland Press; Garmezy, N., & Masten, A. (1994). Chronic adversities. In: M. Rutter, E. Taylor, & L. Hersov (Eds.). Child and adolescent psychiatry: Modern approaches (3rd ed.) (pp. 191-208). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise inventory (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 170-178; Hammen, C., Cognitive, life stress, and interpersonal approaches to a developmental psychopathological model of depression (1992) Development and Psychopathology, 4, pp. 189-206; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., (1994) Succeeding generations: On the effects of investments in children, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Hertzman, C., Population health and human development (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 21-40. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guilford Press; Huston, A.C., McLoyd, V.C., Coll, C.G., Children and poverty: Issues in contemporary research (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 275-282; Kazdin, A.E., (1995) Conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence 2nd ed.)., , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Keating, D.P., Hertzman, C., Modernity's paradox (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 1-17. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guilford Press; Keating, D.P., Miller, F.K., Individual pathways in competence and coping: From regulatory systems to habits of mind (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 220-233. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guilford Press; Kuh, D. J. L., Ben Shlomo, Y. (Eds.). (1997). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kuh, D.J.L., Power, C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Social pathways between childhood and adult health (1997) Life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology, pp. 169-198. , D. Kuh, & B. Schlomo. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lerner, R.M., Relative plasticity, integration, temporality, and diversity in human development: A developmental contextual perspective about theory, process, and method (1996) Developmental Psychology, 32, pp. 781-786; Loeber, R., Hay, D., Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood (1997) Annual Review of Psychology, 48, pp. 371-410; Lundberg, O., Causal explanations for class inequality in health - An empirical analysis (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32, pp. 385-393; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Social Science & Medicine, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Marsh, C. (1986). Social class and occupation. In: R. Burgess (Ed.), Key variables in social investigation. London: Routledge; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., An evaluation of the Malaise Inventory (1986) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 30, pp. 147-152; Macintyre, S., The Black report and beyond: What are the issues? (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44, pp. 723-745; Montgomery, S.M., Schoon, I., Health and health behaviour (1997) Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere. Twenty-something in the 1990s, pp. 77-96. , J. Bynner, E. Ferri, & P. Shepherd. Aldershot: Ashgate; Nyström Peck, M., The importance of childhood socio-economic group for adult health (1994) Social Science & Medicine, 39, pp. 553-562; Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and Employment Department Group. (1980). Standard Classification of Occupations (SOC). London: HSMO; Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and Employment Department Group. (1990). Standard Classification of Occupations (SOC). London: HSMO; Pajer, K.A., What happens to 'bad' girls'. A review of the adult outcomes of antisocial adolescent girls (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 862-870; Patterson, G.R., DeBaryshe, B.D., Ramsey, E., A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior (1989) American Psychologist, 44, pp. 329-335; Patterson, C.J., Kupersmidt, J.B., Vaden, N.A., Income level, gender, ethnicity, and household composition as predictors of children's school-based competence (1990) Child Development, 61, pp. 485-494; Power, C., Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32, pp. 411-417; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Health, well-being, and coping styles (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 41-54. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guilford Press; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; Prandy, K., The revised Cambridge scale of occupations (1990) Sociology, 24, pp. 629-655; Pungello, E.P., Kupersmidt, J.B., Burchinal, M.R., Patterson, C.J., Environmental risk factors and children's achievement from middle childhood to early adolescence (1996) Developmental Psychology, 32, pp. 755-767; Robins, L.N., A 7-year history of conduct disorder: Variations in definition, prevalence, and correlates (1998) Historical and geographical influences on psychopathology, pp. 37-56. , P. Cohen, C. Slombowski, & L.N. Robbins. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Robins, L. N., Rutter, M. (Eds.). (1990). Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Family and school influences on behavioural development (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 349-368; Rutter, M., Pathways from childhood to adult life (1989) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, pp. 23-51; Rutter, M., Relationships between mental disorder in childhood and adulthood (1995) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 91, pp. 73-85; Rutter, M., Madge, N., (1976) Cycles of disadvantage: A review of research, , London: Heinemann Educational Books; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , London: Longmans; Sameroff, A.J., Developmental systems: Contexts and evolution (1983) Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 1. History, theory and methods, pp. 237-294. , W. Kessen. New York: Wiley; Schachar, R., Rutter, M., Smith, A., The Characteristics of Situationally and pervasively hyperactive children: For syndrome definition (1981) Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, pp. 375-392; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence of context, timing and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to midadulthood (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33. The fifth follow-up of the national child development study, pp. 184-188. , E. Ferri. London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Shepherd, P. (1995). The national child development study. An introduction, its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection. SSRU, City University, London: Working Paper No. 1; Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere. Twenty-something in the 1990s, pp. 129-136. , J. Bynner, E. Ferri, & P. Shepherd. Aldershot: Ashgate; Smith, D. J., Rutter, M. (1995). Time trends in psychosocial disorders of youth. In: M. Rutter, D.J. Smith (Eds.), Psychological disorder in young people. Time trends and their causes. Chichester: Wiley; Tizard, J., Psychology and social policy (1976) British Psychological Society Bulletin, 29, pp. 225-234; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1982) Inequalities in health: The black report, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Van de Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Van den Bos, J., Mackenbach, J.P., The contribution of childhood environment to the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in adult life: A retrospective study (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44, pp. 13-24; West, P., Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32, pp. 373-384; West, P., Sweeting, H., Nae job, nae future. Young people and health in a context of unemployment (1996) Health and Social Care in the Community, 4, pp. 50-62; Wilkinson, R.G., (1996) Unhealthy societies: The afflictions of inequality, , London: Routledge UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037700755&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2802%2900475-6&partnerID=40&md5=76d806da09b9ba548d5b3ec282bf2858 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 57 IS - 9 SP - 681 EP - 686 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1136/jech.57.9.681 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Osler, M. AU - Andersen, A.-M.N. AU - Due, P. AU - Lund, R. AU - Damsgaard, M.T. AU - Holstein, B.E. AD - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark AD - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AB - Objective: To examine the relation between socioeconomic position in early life and mortality in young adulthood, taking birth weight and childhood cognitive function into account. Design: A longitudinal study with record linkage to the Civil Registration System and Cause of Death Registry. The data were analysed using Cox regression. Setting: The metropolitan area of Copenhagen, Denmark. Subjects: 7493 male singletons born in 1953, who completed a questionnaire with various cognitive measures, in school at age 12 years, and for whom birth certificates with data on birth and parental characteristics had been traced manually in 1965. This population was followed up from April 1968 to January 2002 for information on mortality. Main outcome measures: Mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, and violent deaths. Results: Men whose fathers were working class or of unknown social class at time of birth had higher mortality rates compared with those whose fathers were high/middle class: hazard ratio 1.39 (95% Cl 1.15 to 1.67) and 2.04 (95% Cl 1.48 to 2.83) respectively. Birth weight and childhood cognitive function were both related to father's social class and inversely associated with all cause mortality. The association between father's social class and mortality attenuated (HR working class1.30 (1.08 to 1.56); HRunkown class 1.81 (1.30 to 2.52)) after control for birth weight and cognitive function. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases and violent deaths was also significantly higher among men with fathers from the lower social classes. Conclusion: The inverse association between father's social class at time of birth and early adult mortality remains, however somewhat attenuated, after adjustment for birth weight and cognitive function. KW - child health KW - cognition KW - mortality KW - socioeconomic status KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cardiovascular disease KW - cognition KW - father KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - mortality KW - questionnaire KW - register KW - socioeconomics KW - violence KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Birth Weight KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cognition KW - Creativeness KW - Denmark KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Intelligence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Social Class KW - Violence KW - Denmark N1 - Cited By :130 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 12933773 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Osler, M.; Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: M.Osler@pubhealth.ku.dk N1 - References: Davey Smith, G., Gunnel, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Life-course approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific adult mortality (2000) Poverty, Inequality and Health. An International Perspective, pp. 88-124. , Len D, Walt G, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Postwar birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Frankel, S., Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Childhood socioecnomic position and adult cardiovascular mortality: The Boyd Orr Cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 1081-1084; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, emperical challenges and interdiciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; Hertzman, C., The biological embedding of early experience and its effect on health in adulthood (1995) Ann NY Acad Sci, 896, pp. 85-95; Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1479; Barker, D.J.P., Forsen, T., Uutela, A., Size at birth and resilience to effects of poor living conditions in adult life: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1273-1275; Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76 (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 1-5; Barker, D.I.P., (1994) Mothers Babies and Disease Later in Life, , London: BMJ Publishing Group; Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vågerö, D., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15,000 Swedish men and women 1915-29 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; Høgh, E., Wolf, P., Project Metropolitan: A longitudinal study of 12,270 boys from the Metropolitan Area of Copenhagen, Denmark, 1953-1977 (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research, , Mednick SA, Baert AE, eds. London: Oxford University Press; Svensson, A., (1964) Sociale Och Regionala Faktarers Samband Med Över- Och Underpresentation i Skolearbetet. Pedagagiska Institutionen, , Göteborgs: Göteborgs Universitet; Mednick, S.A., The association basis of the creative process (1962) Psychol Rev, 69, pp. 202-232; Grambsch, P.M., Therneau, T.M., Proportional hazard tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals (1994) Biometrika, 81, pp. 515-526; Schuerger, J.M., Witt, A.C., The temporal stability of individually tested intelligence (1989) J Clin Psychol, 45, pp. 294-302; Sternberg, R.J., The holy grail of intelligence (2000) Science, 289, pp. 399-401; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prosepctive observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552; Ditlevsen, S., Christensen, U., Lynch, J., (2002) The Mediation Proportion: A Structural Equation Approach with an Application to a Common Problem in Social Epidemiology, , Research report 02/11. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, Department of Biostatistics UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042319112&doi=10.1136%2fjech.57.9.681&partnerID=40&md5=0d0f89e7f20758dc7b83e405a42527a6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 27 IS - 9 SP - 1100 EP - 1105 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802376 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Tremblay, M.S. AU - Willms, J.D. AD - College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada AD - Can. Res. Inst. for Social Policy, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada AD - College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Sask. S7N 5C2, Canada AB - OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relation among children's physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and body mass index (BMI), while controlling for sex, family structure, and socioeconomic status. DESIGN: Epidemiological study examining the relations among physical activity participation, sedentary behaviour (video game use and television (TV)/video watching), and BMI on a nationally representative sample of Canadian children. SUBJECTS: A representative sample of Canadian children aged 7-11 (N = 7216) from the 1994 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth was used in the analysis. MEASUREMENTS: Physical activity and sport participation, sedentary behaviour (video game use and TV/video watching), and BMI measured by parental report. RESULTS: Both organized and unorganized sport and physical activity are negatively associated with being overweight (10-24% reduced risk) or obese (23-43% reduced risk), while TV watching and video game use are risk factors for being overweight (17-44% increased risk) or obese (10-61% increased risk). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour partially account for the association of high socioeconomic status and two-parent family structure with the likelihood of being overweight or obese. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence supporting the link between physical inactivity and obesity of Canadian children. KW - Body mass index KW - Physical activity KW - Sedentary behaviour KW - Socioeconomic status KW - Television watching KW - article KW - body mass KW - Canada KW - child behavior KW - childhood KW - epidemiological data KW - family KW - female KW - health survey KW - human KW - immobilization KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - sitting KW - social status KW - sport KW - television KW - Age Factors KW - Body Mass Index KW - Canada KW - Child KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Exercise KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sports KW - Television KW - Video Games N1 - Cited By :297 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 12917717 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Tremblay, M.S.; College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Sask. S7N 5C2, Canada; email: mark.tremblay@usask.ca N1 - References: (1998) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, , Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. World Health Organization: Geneva; Tremblay, M.S., Willms, J.D., Secular trends in the body mass index of Canadian children (2000) Can Med Assoc J, 163, pp. 1429-1433; (2001) Can Med Assoc J, 164, p. 970; Tremblay, M.S., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Willms, J.D., Temporal trends in overweight and obesity in Canada, 1981-1996 (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 538-543; Willms, J.D., Tremblay, M.S., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Geographic and demographic variation in the obesity of Canadian children (2003) Obes Res, 11, pp. 668-673; Stephens, T., Craig, C.L., (1990) The Well-being of Canadians: Highlights of the 1988 Caompbell's Survey, , Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute: Ottawa, ON; (1996) Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: Atlanta, GA; Robinson, T.N., Killen, J.D., Ethnic and gender differences in the relationships between television viewing and obesity, physical activity, and dietary fat intake (1995) J Health Educ, 26 (2 SUPPL.), pp. S91-S98; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Sobol, A.M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G.A., Dietz, W.H., Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990 (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150, pp. 356-362; National longitudinal survey of children: Overview of survey instruments for 1994-1995, data collection 1 (1995) Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 95-02, 95 (2). , Minister of Industry: Ottawa, ON; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1-6; Willms, J.D., Shields, M., (1996) A Measure of Socioeconomic Status for the National Longitudinal Study of Children, , Report prepared for Statistics Canada; Kraemer, H.C., Stice, E., Kazdin, A., Offord, D., Kupfer, D., How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors (2001) Am J Psychiatr, 158, pp. 848-886; Andersen, R.E., Crespo, C.J., Bartlett, S.J., Cheskin, L.J., Pratt, M., Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children (1998) JAMA, 279, pp. 938-942; Hernandez, B., Gortmaker, S.L., Colditz, G.A., Peterson, K.E., Laird, N.M., Parra-Caberra, S., Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico City (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 845-854; Guillaume, M., Lapidus, L., Bjorntorp, P., Lambert, A., Physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular risk factors in children. The Belgian Luxembourg Child Study II (1997) Obes Res, 5, pp. 549-556; Crespo, C.J., Smit, E., Troiano, R.P., Bartlett, S.J., Macera, C.A., Andersen, R.E., Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children (2001) Arch Pediatr Adotesc Med, 155, pp. 360-365; Janz, K.F., Mahoney, L.T., Maturation gender, and video game playing are related to physical activity intensity in adolescents: The Muscatine Study (1997) Pediatr Exerc Sci, 9, pp. 353-363; Robinson, T.N., Reducing television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1561-1567; (2001) Canada Year Book, 2005, , Catalogue No. 11-402-XPE. Minister of Industry: Ottawa, ON; Health and health bahaviour among young people (2000) WHO Policy Series: Health Policy for Children and Adolescents Issue 1: International Report, , World Health Organization: Geneva; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Bray, G.A., Overweight, mortality, and morbidity (2000) Physical Activity and Obesity, pp. 31-53. , Bouchard C (ed.). Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL; Rabkin, S.W., Chen, Y., Leiter, L., Liu, L., Reeder, B.A., Risk factor correlates of body mass index (1997) Can Med Assoc J, 157 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S26-S31. , Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group; Wolf, A.M., Colditz, G.A., Current estimates of the economic cost of obesity in the United States (1998) Obes Res, 6, pp. 97-106; Birmingham, C.L., Muller, J.L., Palepu, A., Spinelli, J.J., Anis, A.H., The cost of obesity in Canada (1999) Can Med Assoc J, 160, pp. 483-488; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; Strauss, R.S., Comparison of measured and self-reported weight and height in a cross-sectional sample of young adolescents (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 904-908; Paccaud, F., Wietlisbach, V., Rickenbach, M., Body mass index: Comparing mean values and prevalence rates from telephone and examination surveys (2001) Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 49, pp. 33-40; Mokdad, A.H., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Bowman, B.A., Marks, J.S., Koplan, J.P., The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998 (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1519-1522; Eston, R.G., Use of the body mass index (BMI) for individual counselling: The new section editor for Kinanthropometry is 'Grade 1 Obese, Overweight' (BMI 27.3), but dense and 'distinctly muscular' (FFMI 23.1)! (2002) J Sport Sci, 20, pp. 515-518; (1998) Clinical Guidelines for the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, , National Institutes of Health: Bethesda, MD; (2002) Canada's Physical Activity Guide for Children, , Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada: Ottawa, ON UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042319230&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802376&partnerID=40&md5=b0534e708a2e9d45746af906c6a48269 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in two British national birth cohorts T2 - Gut J2 - Gut VL - 52 IS - 8 SP - 1117 EP - 1121 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1136/gut.52.8.1117 SN - 00175749 (ISSN) AU - Ehlin, A.G.C. AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Ekbom, A. AU - Pounder, R.E. AU - Wakefield, A.J. AD - Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset M9:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden AD - Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Institutionen Medicin Karolinska S., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AD - IBD Study Group, Department of Medicine, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Medical School, London, United Kingdom AB - Background: Few studies have investigated the prevalence of multiple gastrointestinal diseases in the general British population. Aim: To examine the prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gall stones (GS), and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Subjects: The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) are two one week national birth cohorts born in 1970 and 1958, respectively. All cohort members living in Great Britain were interviewed in 1999/2000. Methods: The prevalence rates of the five diseases were calculated, and associations with sex and childhood social class were investigated using logistic regression. Results: At age 30 years, the prevalence rates per 10 000 (95% confidence interval (CI)) in the 1970 and 1958 cohorts, respectively, were: CD 38 (26-49), 21 (13-30); UC 30 (20-41), 27 (18-37); IBS 826 (775-877), 290 (267-330); GS 88 (71-106), 78 (62-94); and PUD 244 (214-273), 229 (201-256). There was a significantly higher proportion with CD (p=0.023) and IBS (p=0.000) in the 1970 cohort compared with the 1958 cohort at age 30 years. Comparing the cohorts in the 1999/2000 sweep, UC, GS, and PUD were significantly (p=0.001, p=0.000, p=0.000) more common in the 1958 cohort. There was a statistically significant trend for a higher risk of GS with lower social class in both cohorts combined (p=0.027). Conclusion: The study indicates an increasing temporal trend in the prevalence of CD and suggests a period effect in IBS, possibly due to adult life exposures or variation in recognition and diagnosis of IBS. KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - controlled study KW - Crohn disease KW - disease association KW - female KW - gallstone KW - gastrointestinal disease KW - human KW - irritable colon KW - lifestyle KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - peptic ulcer KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - race difference KW - risk factor KW - social class KW - ulcerative colitis KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Age of Onset KW - Cholelithiasis KW - Cohort Studies KW - Colitis, Ulcerative KW - Colonic Diseases, Functional KW - Crohn Disease KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Peptic Ulcer KW - Prevalence KW - Regression Analysis N1 - Cited By :61 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: GUTTA C2 - 12865268 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ehlin, A.G.C.; Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset M9:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; email: Anna.Ehlin@medks.ki.se N1 - References: Jones, R.H., Clinical economics review: Gastrointestinal disease in primary care (1996) Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 10, pp. 233-239; Casati, J., Toner, B.B., Psychosocial aspects of inflammatory disease (2000) Biomed Pharmacother, 54, pp. 388-393; Rubin, G.P., Hungin, A.S., Kelly, P., Epidemiological features of inflammatory bowel disease in the north of England (1995) Gastroenterology, 110, pp. A1004; Devlin, H.B., Datta, D., Dellipiani, The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in North Tees Health District (1980) World J Surg, 4, pp. 183-193; Montgomery, S.M., Morris, D.L., Thompson, N.P., Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in British 26 year olds: National Longitudinal Birth Cohort (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1058-1059; Probert, C.S.J., Jayanthi, V., Pinder, D., Epidemiologic-study of ulcerative proctocolitis in Indian migrants and the indigenous population of Leicestershire (1992) Gut, 33, pp. 687-693; Lee, F.I., Costello, F.T., Crohn's disease in Blackpool - Incidence and prevalence 1968-80 (1985) Gut, 26, pp. 274-278; Ekbom, A., Helmick, C., Zack, M., The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: A large, population-based study in Sweden (1991) Gastroenterology, 100, pp. 350-358; Fellows, I.W., Freeman, J.G., Holmes, G.K.T., Crohn's disease in the city of Derby, 1951-85 (1990) Gut, 31, pp. 1262-1265; Gollop, J.H., Phillips, S.F., Melton I.J. III, Epidemiologic aspects of Crohn's disease: A population based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1943-1982 (1988) Gut, 29, pp. 49-56; Keighley, A., Miller, D.S., Hughes, A.O., The demographic and social characteristics of patients with Crohn's disease in the Nottingham area (1976) Scand J Gastroent, 11, pp. 293-296; Mayberry, J.F., Dew, M.J., Morris, J.S., An audit of Crohn's disease in a defined population (1983) J Coll Physicians Lond, 17, pp. 196-198; Bernstein, C.N., Kraut, A., Blanchard, J.F., The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and socioeconomic variables (2001) Am J Gastroenterol, 96, pp. 2117-2125; Tallay, N.J., Boyce, P.M., Jones, M., Is the association between irritable bowel syndrome and abuse explained by neuroticism? A population based study (1998) Gut, 42, pp. 47-53; Woodman, C.L., Breen, K., Noyes, R., The relationship between irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric illness (1998) Psychosomatics, 39, pp. 45-54; Gwee, K.A., Leong, Y.L., Graham, C., The role of psychological and biological factors in postinfective gut dysregulation (1999) Gut, 44, pp. 400-406; Österberg, E., Blomquist, L., Krakau, I., A population study of irritable bowel syndrome and mental health (2000) Scand J Gastroenterol, 35, pp. 264-268; Jones, R., Lydeard, S., Irritable bowel syndrome in the general population (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 87-90; Mendall, M.A., Kumar, D., Antibiotic use, childhood affluence and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (1998) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, pp. 59-62; Erlinger, S., Gallstones in obesity and weight loss (2000) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12, pp. 1347-1352; Everson, G.T., McKinley, C., Kern, F., Mechanism of gallstone formation in women- effects of exogenous estrogen (premarin) and dietary cholesterol on hepatic lipid-metabolism (1991) J Clin Invest, B7, pp. 237-246; Chapman, B.A., Wilson, I.R., Frampton, C.M., Prevalence of gallbladder disease in diabetes mellitus (1996) Dig Dis Sci, 41, pp. 2222-2228; Jørgensen, T., Prevalence of gallstones in a Danish population (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 126, pp. 912-921; Veldhuyzen Van Zanten, S.J.O., Sherman, P.M., Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of gastisis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and nonulcerdyspepsia: A systematic Overview (1994) Can Med Assoc J, 150, pp. 177-185; Blum, A.L., Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease (1996) Scand J Gastroenterol, 31, pp. 24-27; Kreiss, C., Blum, A.L., Epidemiology and risk factors of peptic ulcer (2001) Chirurg, 67, pp. 7-13; Kurata, J.H., Haile, B.M., Elashoff, J.D., Sex differences in peptic ulcer disease (1985) Gastroenterology, 88, pp. 96-100; Bernersen, B., Johnsen, R., Straume, B., Towards a true prevalence of peptic ulcer: The Sorreisa Gastrointestinal Disorder Study (1990) Gut, 31, pp. 989-992; Rosenstock, S.J., Jorgensen, T., Prevalence and incidence of peptic-ulcer disease in a Danish County - A prospective cohort study (1995) Gut, 36, pp. 819-824; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Bynner, J.M., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1998) Twenty-Something in the 1990s, , Aldershot: Ashgate; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Petrie, A., Estimation (1987) Lecture Notes on Medical Statistics, 2nd Edn., , Oxford: Blackwell Scientific publications; Holland, P., Berney, L.R., Blane, D., Life course accumulation of disadvantage: Childhood health and hazard exposures during adulthood (2000) Soc Sci Med, 50, pp. 1285-1295; Van Der Luchts, F., Groothoff, J., Social inequalities and health among children aged 10-11 in the Netherlands: Cause and consequences (1995) Soc Sci Med, 40, pp. 1305-1311; Sitas, F., Forman, D., Yarnell, J.W., Helicobacter pylori infection rates in relation to age and social class in a population of Welsh men (1991) Gut, 32, pp. 25-28; Malaty, H.M., Graham, D.Y., Importance of Childhood socioeconomic status on the current prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (1994) Gut, 35, pp. 742-745; Gent, A.E., Hellier, M.D., Grace, R.H., Inflammatory bowel disease and domestic hygiene in infancy (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 766-767; Blanchard, J.F., Bernstien, C.N., Wajda, A., Small-area variations and sociodemographic correlates for the incidence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 154, pp. 328-335; Black, J.W., Duncan, W.A.M., Durant, C.J., Definition and antagonism of histamine H2-receptors (1972) Nature, 236, pp. 385-390; Fellenius, E., Berglindh, T., Sachs, G., Substituted benzimidazoles inhibit gastric acid secretion by blocking (H++K+)ATPase (1981) Nature, 290, pp. 159-161; Labenz, J., Borsch, G., Highly significant change of the clinical course of relapsing and complicated peptic ulcer disease after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection (1994) Am J Gastroenterol, 89, pp. 1785-1788; Current european concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. The Maastricht Consensus Report (1997) Gut, 41, pp. 8-13; Rubin, G.P., Hungin, A.P.S., Kelly, P.J., Inflammatory bowel disease: Epidemiology and management in an English general practice population (2000) Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 14, pp. 1553-1559; Lapidus, A., Bernell, O., Hellers, G., Incidence of Crohn's disease in Stockholm County 1955-1989 (1997) Gut, 41, pp. 480-486; Lindberg, E., Jarnerot, G., The incidence of Crohn's disease is not decreasing in Sweden (1991) Scand J Gastroenterol, 26, pp. 495-500; Rose, J.D.R., Roberts, G.M., Williams, G., Cardiff Crohn's Disease Jubilee: The incidence over 50 years (1988) Gut, 29, pp. 346-351; Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 472-473; Montgomery, S.M., The silent pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (1999) Inflamm Bowel Dis Monit, 1, pp. 34-38; Loftus, E.V., Silverstein, M.D., Sandborn, W.J., Ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940-1993: Incidence, prevalence, and survival (2000) Gut, 46, pp. 336-343; Haug, K., Schrumpf, E., Fluge, G., Epidemiology of Crohn's disease in Western Norway (1989) Gastroenterology, 24, pp. 1271-1275; Munkholm, P., Langholz, E., Nielsen, O.H., Incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease in the County of Copenhagen, 1962-87 - A sixfold increase in incidence (1992) Scand J Gastroenterol, 27, pp. 609-614; Kyle, J., Crohn's Disease in the Northeastern and Northern Isles of Scotland: An epidemiological review (1992) Gastroenterology, 103, pp. 392-399; Moum, B., Vatn, M.H., Ekbom, A., Incidence of inflammatory bowel-disease in Southeastern Norway - Evaluation of methods after 1 year of registration (1995) Digestion, 56, pp. 377-381; Sawczenko, A., Sandhu, B.K., Logan, R.F.A., Prospective survey of childhood inflammatory bowel disease in the British Isles (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1093-1094; Armitage, E., Drummond, H., Ghosh, S., Incidence of juvenile-onset Crohn's disease in Scotland (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 1496-1497; Gillen, C.D., Andrews, H.A., Prior, P., Allan, Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer (1994) Gut, 35, pp. 651-655; Ekbom, A., Helmick, C., Zack, M., Adami, H.-O., Increased risk of large bowel cancer in Crohn's disease with colonic involvement (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 357-359; Mellemkjaer, L., Olsen, J.H., Frisch, M., Cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 60, pp. 330-333; Karlen, P., Lofberg, R., Brostrom, O., Increased risk of cancer in ulcerative colitis (1999) Am J Gastroenterol, 94, pp. 1047-1052; Ekbom, A., Helmick, C., Zack, M., Extracolonic malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease (1991) Cancer, 67, pp. 2015-2019; Heaton, K.W., O'Donnell, U., Braddon, F.E., Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a British urban community: Consulters and non-consulters (1992) Gastroenterology, 102, pp. 1962-1967; Kennedy, T.M., Jones, R.H., Epidemiology of cholecystectomy and irritable bowel syndrome in a UK population (2000) Br J Surg, 87, pp. 1658-1663; Beckingham, I.J., ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas and biliary system: Gallstone disease BMJ, 322, pp. 91-94. , 1-13-2001; Everhart, J.E., Khare, M., Hill, M., Prevalence and ethnic difference in gallbladder disease in United States (1999) Gastroenterology, 117, pp. 632-639; Jorgensen, T., Gall stones in a Danish population: Fertility period, pregnancies, and exogenous female sex hormones (1988) Gut, 29, pp. 433-439; Suadicani, P., Hein, H.O., Gyntelberg, F., Genetic and life-style determinants of peptic ulcer: A study of 3387 men aged 54 to 74 years: The Copenhagen Male Study (1999) Scand J Gastroenterol, 34, pp. 12-17; Ahmed, M.E.K., Arbab, B.M.O., Homeida, M.M.A., Social inequalities and health status in Western Germany (1994) Public Health, 108, pp. 341-356 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037622921&doi=10.1136%2fgut.52.8.1117&partnerID=40&md5=63b335f859ca531896fe64c23dd0e6d4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypergonadotrophinaemia with reduced uterine and ovarian size in women born small-for-gestational-age T2 - Human Reproduction J2 - Hum. Reprod. VL - 18 IS - 8 SP - 1565 EP - 1569 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1093/humrep/deg351 SN - 02681161 (ISSN) AU - Ibáñez, L. AU - Potau, N. AU - Enriquez, G. AU - Marcos, M.V. AU - De Zegher, F. AD - Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déa 2, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain AD - Hormonal Laboratory, Hosp. Materno-Infant Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain AD - Department of Radiology, Hosp. Materno-Infant Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain AD - Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium AB - Background: Fetal growth restraint has been associated with FSH hypersecretion in early infancy and in early post-menarche, and with reduced uterine and ovarian size in adolescence. It is unknown whether these reproductive anomalies persist, respectively, into late infancy and into the reproductive age range. Methods: We report follow-up findings in two age groups of girls. A cohort of infants [n = 26; n = 10 born appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and n = 16 born small-for-gestational-age (SGA)], who had been studied at the age of ∼4 months, was assessed again at the age of 12 months. A cohort of teenagers (n = 28), who had been studied at the age of ∼14 years, was assessed again at the age of ∼18 years; this group was complemented by a transversal cohort of similar age (n = 19) for a total of 47 young women (n = 27 AGA; n = 20 SGA). In infants, only serum FSH was measured; adolescents underwent endocrine-metabolic screening, ultrasound assessment of uterine-ovarian size, and evaluation of body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Serum FSH levels were higher in SGA than AGA infant girls at 4 and 12 months, and higher in SGA than AGA adolescents at 14 and 18 years (all P < 0.01). Longitudinal ultrasound assessments disclosed a late-adolescent increment of uterine size that was less obvious in SGA than AGA girls. In contrast, ovarian volume remained stable in both subgroups. Compilation of longitudinal and transversal results at 18 years of age corroborated the persistent reduction in the uterine size of SGA girls (by ∼20%; P < 0.005) and in their ovarian volume (by ∼40%; P < 0.0001); moreover, SGA girls displayed not only a persistent elevation of FSH (by ∼50%; P < 0.001), but also a rise of LH and fasting insulin, as well as an excess of abdominal fat (all P < 0.01). Conclusions: The gynaecology of young women born SGA was found to be characterized by hypergonadotrophinaemia and by a reduced uterine and ovarian size. KW - FSH KW - LH KW - Ovary KW - Small-for-gestational-age KW - Uterus KW - estradiol KW - fat KW - follitropin KW - insulin KW - luteinizing hormone KW - sex hormone binding globulin KW - testosterone KW - abdomen KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body composition KW - clinical feature KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - diet KW - dual energy X ray absorptiometry KW - echography KW - endocrine function test KW - fat content KW - female KW - female genital tract malformation KW - follow up KW - gestational age KW - gynecology KW - hormone blood level KW - human KW - hypergonadotrophinemia KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - organ size KW - outcomes research KW - ovary KW - screening KW - small for date infant KW - uterus growth KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - Ovary KW - Uterus KW - Fallopia N1 - Cited By :84 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HUREE C2 - 12871863 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ibáñez, L.; Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déa 2, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; email: libanez@hsjdbcn.org N1 - Chemicals/CAS: estradiol, 50-28-2; follitropin, 9002-68-0; insulin, 9004-10-8; luteinizing hormone, 39341-83-8, 9002-67-9; testosterone, 58-22-0; Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human; Luteinizing Hormone, 9002-67-9 N1 - References: Barker, M., Robinson, S., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Birth weight and body fat distribution in adolescent girls (1997) Arch. Dis. Child., 77, pp. 381-383; Buzzi, F., Pilotta, A., Dordoni, D., Lombardi, A., Zaglio, S., Adlard, P., Pelvic ultrasonography in normal girls and in girls with pubertal precocity (1998) Acta Paediatr. Scand., 87, pp. 1138-1145; Chiarelli, F., Di Ricco, L., Mohn, A., De Martino, M., Verrotti, A., Insulin resistance in short children with intrauterine growth retardation (1999) Acta Paediatr. Scand., 428 (SUPPL. 88), pp. 62-65; Griffin, I.J., Cole, T.J., Duncan, K.A., Hollman, A.S., Donaldson, M.D.C., Pelvic ultrasound measurements in normal girls (1995) Acta Paediatr. Scand., 84, pp. 536-543; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 12 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 45-60; Ibáñez, L., Potau, N., Francois, I., De Zegher, F., Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism and ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls: Relation to reduced fetal growth (1998) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 83, pp. 3558-3662; Ibáñez, L., Potau, N., Marcos, M.V., De Zegher, F., Exaggerated adrenarche and hyperinsulinism in adolescent girls born small for gestational age (1999) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 84, pp. 4739-4741; Ibáñez, L., Potau, N., Enríquez, G., De Zegher, F., Reduced uterine and ovarian size in adolescent girls born small for gestational age (2000) Pediatr. Res., 47, pp. 575-577; Ibáñez, L., Potau, N., Ong, K., Dunger, D.B., De Zegher, F., Increased bone mineral density and serum leptin in non-obese girls with precocious pubarche: Relation to low birthweight and hyperinsulinism (2000) Horm. Res., 54, pp. 192-197; Ibáñez, L., Potau, N., De Zegher, F., Ovarian hyporesponsiveness to follicle stimulating hormone in adolescent girls born small for gestational age (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 85, pp. 2624-2626; Ibáñez, L., Ferrer, A., Marcos, M.V., Rodriguez-Hierro, F., De Zegher, F., Early puberty: Rapid progression and reduced final height in girls with low birthweight (2000) Pediatrics, 106, p. 72; Ibáñez, L., Valls, C., Ferrer, A., Marcos, M.V., Rodriguez-Hierro, F., De Zegher, F., Sensitization to insulin induces ovulation in non-obese adolescents with anovulatory hyperandrogenism (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, pp. 3595-3598; Ibáñez, L., Valls, C., Potau, N., Marcos, M.V., De Zegher, F., Polycystic ovary syndrome after precocious pubarche: Ontogeny of the low-birthweight effect (2001) Clin. Endocrinol., 55, pp. 667-672; Ibáñez, L., Valls, C., Cols, M., Ferrer, A., Marcos, M.V., De Zegher, F., Hypersecretion of follicle stimulating hormone in infant boys and girls born small for gestational age (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, pp. 1986-1988; Ibáñez, L., Valls, C., Miró, E., Marcos, M.V., De Zegher, F., Early menarche and subclinical ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls with reduced adult height after low birthweight (2002) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 15, pp. 431-433; Ibáñez, L., Potau, N., Ferrer, A., Rodriguez-Hierro, F., Marcos, M.V., De Zegher, F., Reduced ovulation rate in adolescent girls born small for gestational age (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, pp. 3391-3393; Ibáñez, L., Potau, N., Ferrer, A., Rodriguez-Hierro, F., Marcos, M.V., De Zegher, F., Anovulation in eumenorrheic, non-obese adolescent girls born small for gestational age: Insulin sensitization induces ovulation, increases lean body mass, and reduces abdominal fat excess, dyslipidemia and subclinical hyperandrogenism (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, pp. 5702-5705; Ibáñez, L., Ong, K., De Zegher, F., Marcos, M.V., Del Rio, L., Dunger, D., Fat distribution in non-obese girls with and without precocious pubarche: Central adiposity related to insulinemia and androgenemia from pre-puberty to post-menarche (2003) Clin. Endocrinol., 58, pp. 372-379; Kiebzak, G.M., Leamy, L.J., Pierson, L.M., Nord, R.H., Zhang, Z.Y., Measurement precision of body composition variables using the Lunar DPX-L densitometer (2000) J. Clin. Densitometry, 3, pp. 35-41; Klebanoff, M.A., Meirik, O., Berendes, H.W., Second-generation consequences of small-for-dates birth (1989) Pediatrics, 84, pp. 343-347; Macklon, N.S., Fauser, B.C.J.M., Aspects of ovarian follicle development throughout life (1999) Horm. Res., 52, pp. 161-170; Magnus, P., Bakketeig, L.S., Hoffman, H., Birth weight of relatives by maternal tendency to repeat small-for gestational age (SGA) births in successive pregnancies (1997) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 76 (SUPPL. 165), pp. 35-38; Ounsted, M., Ounsted, C., Rate of intrauterine growth (1968) Nature, 220, pp. 599-600; Taylor, R.W., Keil, D., Gold, E.J., Williams, S.M., Goulding, A., Body mass index, waist girth, and waist-to-hip ratio as indexes of total and regional adiposity in women: Evaluation using receiver operating characteristic curves (1998) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 67, pp. 44-49; Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) Diabetes Care, 20, pp. 1183-1197; Veldhuis, J.D., Pincus, S.M., Garcia-Rudaz, M.C., Ropelato, M.G., Escobar, M.E., Barontini, M., Disruption of the joint synchrony of luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and androstenedione secretion in adolescents with polycystic ovarian syndrome (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, pp. 72-79 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0041528332&doi=10.1093%2fhumrep%2fdeg351&partnerID=40&md5=02f123f400dc27969ada8c6d05aeb472 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Household and neighbourhood risks for injury to 5-14 year old children T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 57 IS - 4 SP - 625 EP - 636 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00446-X SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Haynes, R. AU - Reading, R. AU - Gale, S. AD - School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Med., Hlth. Polcy./Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom AD - Norwich Primary Care Trust, Little Plumstead Hospital, Norwich NR13 5EW, United Kingdom AB - Injuries in childhood are strongly related to poverty at the household level and to living in a deprived neighbourhood, but it is not clear whether these effects are independent. In this prospective population study, all injuries to 5-14 year old children living in the city of Norwich, UK, and presented at the hospital Accident and Emergency Department over a 13 month period were recorded (N=3526). Information on the population of resident children and household composition was assembled from the health authority population register. Neighbourhood information was extracted from the census and local surveys. Unadjusted risks were calculated for individual and neighbourhood factors, followed by multilevel modelling in which predictors were included at three levels: individual, enumeration district and social area (neighbourhood). The overall injury rate was 16.44 per 100 children per year. Injury rates between neighbourhoods varied two-fold and were highest in more deprived areas. In the final multilevel model injury risk was related to gender (boys vs. girls OR=1.35), age of child (OR=1.07 per year), number of adults in the household (OR=0.91 per adult), and age gap between child and eldest female (15-24 years vs. 25-34 years, OR=1.15). Injury rates were also related to social area deprivation, although variations in injury rates between neighbourhoods were not wholly explained by deprivation. The adjusted odds ratio between the most and least deprived social areas was 1.35. Excluding less serious injuries did not substantially change the results. The risks were very similar to those found in a previous study of pre-school children, with the same neighbourhoods identified as high and low risk as before. This evidence that neighbourhood factors independently influence injury risk over and above individual and household factors supports the use of area-based policies to reduce injuries in children. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Accidents KW - Children KW - Deprivation KW - Injury KW - Multilevel modelling KW - UK KW - child health KW - health risk KW - injury KW - medical geography KW - neighborhood KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomic status KW - accident KW - adolescent KW - age KW - article KW - calculation KW - child KW - childhood injury KW - controlled study KW - emergency ward KW - female KW - gender KW - health survey KW - high risk population KW - household KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - outcomes research KW - population research KW - prediction KW - risk assessment KW - social aspect KW - statistical significance KW - United Kingdom KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - England KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Poverty Areas KW - Prospective Studies KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Risk Factors KW - Small-Area Analysis KW - Urban Population KW - Vulnerable Populations KW - Wounds and Injuries KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :85 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 12821011 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Haynes, R.; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; email: r.haynes@uea.ac.uk N1 - References: Alwash, R., McCarthy, M., Accidents in the home among children under 5: Ethnic differences or social disadvantage? (1988) British Medical Journal, 296, pp. 1450-1453; (1990) The Abbreviated Injury Scale, 1990 Revision, , Des Plaines. Illinois: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; Beattie, T.F., Currie, C.E., Williams, J.M., Wright, P., Measures of injury severity in childhood: A critical overview (1998) Injury Prevention, 4, pp. 228-231; Braddock, M., Lapidus, G., Gregorio, D., Kapp, M., Banco, L., Population, income and ecological correlates of child pedestrian injury (1991) Pediatrics, 88, pp. 1242-1247; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Klebanov, P.K., Sealand, N., Do neighborhoods influence child and adolescent development? (1993) American Journal of Sociology, 99, pp. 353-395; Cubbin, C., LeClere, F.B., Smith, G.S., Socioeconomic status and injury mortality: Individual and neighbourhood determinants (2000) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, pp. 517-524; (1999) Sure Start: Making a Difference for Children and Families, , London: Department for Education and Employment; (2001) Tackling Health Inequalities: Consultation on a Plan for Delivery, , London: Department of Health; (1999) Opportunities for All: Tackling Poverty and Social Exclusion, , London: Department for Social Security; Duncan, C., Jones, K., Moon, G., Context, composition and heterogeneity: Using multilevel models in health research (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46, pp. 97-117; Duncan, C., Jones, K., Moon, G., Smoking and deprivation: Are there neighbourhood effects? (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 48, pp. 497-505; Durkin, M.S., Davidson, L.L., Kuhn, L., O'Connor, P., Barlow, B., Low income neighborhoods and the risk of severe pediatric injury: A small-area analysis in northern Manhattan (1994) American Journal of Public Health, 84, pp. 587-592; Ecob, R., Jones, K., Mortality variations in England and Wales between types of place: An analysis of the ONS longitudinal study (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 47, pp. 2055-2066; Faelker, T., Pickett, W., Brison, R.J., Socioeconomic differences in childhood injury: A population based epidemiologic study in Ontario, Canada (2000) Injury Prevention, 6, pp. 203-208; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel statistical models, , London: Edward Arnold; Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J., Improved approximations for multilevel models with binary responses (1996) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 159, pp. 505-514; Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J., Plewis, I., Draper, D., Browne, W., Yang, M., Woodhouse, G., Healy, M., (1998) A User's Guide to MLwiN, , London: Institute of Education, University of London; Haynes, R., Lovett, A., Reading, R., Langford, I., Gale, S., Use of homogeneous social areas for ecological analyses: A study of accident rates in pre-school children (1999) European Journal of Public Health, 9, pp. 218-222; Jolly, D.L., Moller, J.N., Volkmer, R.E., The socio-economic context of child injury in Australia (1993) Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 29, pp. 438-444; Joly, M.-F., Foggin, P.M., Pless, I.B., Geographic and socio-ecological variations of traffic accidents among children (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 33, pp. 765-769; Jones, K., Moon, G., Clegg, A., Ecological and individual effects in childhood immunisation uptake: A multi-level approach (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 33, pp. 501-508; Kalff, A.C., Kroes, M., Vles, J.S.H., Hendriksen, J.G.M., Feron, F.J.M., Steyaert, J., Van Zeben, T.M.C.B., Van Os, J., Neighbourhood level and individual level SES effects on child problem behaviour: A multilevel analysis (2001) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, pp. 246-250; Laing, G.J., Logan, S., Patterns of unintentional injury in childhood and their relation to socio-economic factors (1999) Public Health, 113, pp. 291-294; Langford, I.H., Bentham, G., McDonald, A.-L., Multilevel modelling of geographically aggregated health data: A case study on malignant melanoma mortality and UV exposure in the European community (1998) Statistics in Medicine, 17, pp. 41-57; McCulloch, A., Joshi, H.E., Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study (2001) Social Science and Medicine, 53, pp. 579-591; Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., Cummins, S., Place effects on health: How can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them? (2002) Social Science and Medicine, 55, pp. 125-139; Mackway-Jones, K., (1997) Emergency Triage, , London: BMJ Publishing; McLoone, P., Targeting deprived areas within small areas in Scotland: Population study (2001) British Medical Journal, 323, pp. 374-375; O'Campo, P., Rao, P., Gielen, A.C., Royalty, W., Wilson, M., Injury producing events among children in low-income communities: The role of community characteristics (2000) Journal of Urban Health, 77, pp. 34-49; (1993) 1991 Census, Crown Copyright, , ESRC Purchase. London: HMSO; Pomerantz, W.J., Dowd, M.D., Buncher, C.R., Relationship between socioeconomic factors and severe childhood injuries (2001) Journal of Urban Health, 78, pp. 141-151; Rasbash, J., Browne, W., Goldstein, H., Yang, M., Plewis, I., Healy, M., Woodhouse, G., Lewis, T., (2000) A Users Guide to MLwiN, Version 2.1, , London: Institute of Education, University of London; Reading, R., Langford, I.H., Haynes, R., Lovett, A., Accidents to preschool children: Comparing family and neighbourhood risk factors (1999) Social Science & Medicine, 48, pp. 321-330; Roberts, H., What is Sure Start? (2000) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, pp. 435-437; Roberts, I., Cause specific social class mortality differentials for child injury and poisoning in England and Wales (1997) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 51, pp. 334-335; Roberts, I., Pless, B., Social policy as a cause of childhood accidents: The children of lone mothers (1995) British Medical Journal, 311, pp. 925-928; Roberts, I., Power, C., Does the decline in child injury mortality vary by social class? A comparison of class specific mortality in 1981 and 1991 (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 784-786; Scholer, S.J., Hickson, G.B., Mitchel, E.F., Ray, W.A., Predictors of mortality from fires in young children (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (E12), pp. 1-5; Scholer, S.J., Hickson, G.B., Ray, W.A., Sociodemographic factors identify US infants at high risk of injury mortality (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. 1183-1188; Scholer, S.J., Mitchel, E.F., Ray, W.A., Predictors of injury mortality in early childhood (1997) Pediatrics, 100, pp. 342-347; Sharples, P.M., Storey, A., Aynsley-Green, A., Eyre, J.A., Causes of fatal childhood accidents involving head injury in Northern region, 1979-86 (1990) British Medical Journal, 301, pp. 1193-1197; Shouls, S., Congdon, P., Curtis, S., Modelling inequality in reported long term illness in the UK: Combining individual and area characteristics (1996) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50, pp. 366-376; Soori, H., Bhopal, R.S., Parental permission for children's independent outdoor activities. Implications for injury prevention (2002) European Journal of Public Health, 12, pp. 104-109; Stone, D.H., Jarvis, S., Pless, B., The continuing global challenge of injury (2001) British Medical Journal, 322, pp. 1557-1558; Townsend, P., Phillimore, P., Beattie, A., (1988) Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North, , London: Croom Helm; (2001) A League Table of Child Deaths by Injury in Rich Nations, , Innocenti report card No 2. Florence: Unicef Innocenti Research Centre; Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B., Butler, N., Family type and accidents in preschool children (1983) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 37, pp. 100-104; Walsh, S., Jarvis, S., Measuring the frequency of "severe" accidental injury in childhood (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 26-32 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038460850&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2802%2900446-X&partnerID=40&md5=1bbac68e86ad347c026f3c1cc42aeda8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Living with epilepsy: Long-term prognosis and psychosocial outcomes T2 - Neurology J2 - Neurology VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 64 EP - 70 PY - 2003 SN - 00283878 (ISSN) AU - Shackleton, D.P. AU - Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D.G.A. AU - De Craen, A.J.M. AU - Vandenbroucke, J.P. AU - Westendorp, R.G.J. AD - Neurology Department, Medical Center Alkmaar, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, Netherlands AB - Objective: To analyze the impact of seizures on everyday life and the long-term effects of epilepsy on health status and psychosocial outcomes. Methods: Follow-up study was conducted of a cohort of consecutive patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy between 1953 and 1967. In 1995 (mean follow-up 34 years), a random sample of 333 patients received a questionnaire asking clinical and demographic information and validated measures for psychosocial outcomes. Comparisons were made with the general Dutch population. Results: The response rate was 73% (116 men and 127 women); mean age was 49.9 years (SD 11.2 years). Mean age at epilepsy onset was 15 years (SD 11 years); mean duration was 24.4 years (SD 13.1 years). In total, 134 (55%; 72 men and 62 women) patients were seizure-free for the previous 5 years, and 81 patients still had seizures in the last year. One hundred twenty-seven patients were taking antiepileptic drugs, of which 51 were on monotherapy. Epilepsy patients have a positive health evaluation, comparable with the general Dutch population. Fewer epilepsy patients married or had children than the general Dutch population; more patients live at home with their parents or in foster homes or institutions (p < 0.001). Having epilepsy at school age has a significant negative effect on learning achievement (p < 0.01). Employment status is affected less, though more epilepsy patients are unfit to work than individuals from the general population (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Epilepsy has a marked negative impact on education and achievement in later life. Despite worse psychosocial outcomes than the Dutch population, patients with epilepsy cope well with their epilepsy, regardless of their handicaps. KW - anticonvulsive agent KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - demography KW - epilepsy KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - long term care KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical assessment KW - monotherapy KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - psychosocial care KW - questionnaire KW - response time KW - sampling KW - seizure KW - treatment outcome KW - validation process KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adult KW - Age of Onset KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Health Status KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Netherlands KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Prognosis KW - Questionnaires KW - Sickness Impact Profile KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :91 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NEURA C2 - 12847158 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D.G.A.; Neurology Department, Medical Center Alkmaar, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, Netherlands; email: dkasteleijn@planet.nl N1 - References: Ryan, R., Kempner, K., Emlen, A.C., The stigma of epilepsy as a self concept (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 433-444; Dodrill, C.B., Batzel, L.W., Queisser, H.R., Temkin, N.R., An objective method for the assessment of psychosocial and social problems among epileptics (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 123-135; Collings, J.A., Epilepsy and well-being (1990) Soc Sci Med, 31, pp. 165-170; Baker, G.A., Health-related quality-of-life issues: Optimizing patient outcomes (1995) Neurology, 45, pp. S29-S34; Hermann, B.P., Quality of life in epilepsy (1992) J Epilepsy, 5, pp. 153-165; Suurmeijer, T.P.B.M., Reuvekamp, M.F., Aldenkamp, A.P., Overweg, J., Gie Sie, O., Quality of life in epilepsy: Multidimensional profile and underlying latent dimensions (1998) J Epilepsy, 11, pp. 84-97; Spencer, S.S., Hunt, P.W., Quality of life in epilepsy (1996) J Epilepsy, 9, pp. 3-13; Collings, J.A., International differences in psychosocial well-being: A comparative study of adults with epilepsy in three countries (1994) Seizure, 3, pp. 183-190; Baker, G.A., Jacoby, A., Buck, D., Stalgis, C., Monnet, D., Quality of life of people with epilepsy: A European study (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 353-362; Räty, I., Hamrin, E., Söderfeldt, B., Quality of life in newly-debuted epilepsy. An empirical study (1999) Acta Neurol Scand, 100, pp. 221-226; Jacoby, A., Baker, G.A., Steen, N., Potts, P., Chadwick, D.W., The clinical course of epilepsy and its psychosocial correlates: Findings from a U.K. community study (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 148-161; Baker, G.A., Gagnon, D., McNulty, P., The relationship between seizure frequency, seizure type and quality of life: Findings from three European studies (1998) Epilepsy Res, 30, pp. 231-240; Jacoby, A., Epilepsy and the quality of everyday life. Findings from a study of people with well-controlled epilepsy (1992) Soc Sci Med, 43, pp. 657-666; Britten, N., Morgan, K., Fenwick, P.B.C., Britten, H., Epilepsy and handicap from birth to age 36 (1986) Dev Med Child Neurol, 28, pp. 719-729; Jalava, M., Sillanpää, M., Camfield, C., Camfield, P., Social adjustment and competence 35 years after onset of child epilepsy: A prospective controlled study (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 708-715; Sillanpää, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Shinnar, S., Long term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) N Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1715-1722; Sillanpää, M., Long term outcome of epilepsy (2000) Epileptic Disord, 2, pp. 79-88; Shackleton, D.P., Westendorp, R.G.J., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D.G.A., Vandenbroucke, J.P., Mortality in patients with epilepsy: 40 Years of follow-up in a Dutch Cohort Study (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 66, pp. 636-640; Penfield, W., Jasper, H., (1954) Epilepsy and the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain. 1st Ed, , Boston: Little, Brown; Shackleton, D.P., Westendorp, R.G.J., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D.G.A., De Craen, A.J.M., Vandenbroucke, J.P., Survival of patients with epilepsy: An estimate of the mortality risk (2002) Epilepsia, 43, pp. 445-450; (1992) De Leefsituatie van de Nederlandse Bevolking 1991. Kerncijfers, , s-Gravenhage: SDU Uitgeverij/CBS Publikaties, [Dutch]; Swinkels, W.A.M., Shackleton, D.P., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D.G.A., Psychosocial impact of epileptic seizures in a Dutch epilepsy population: A comparative Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory Study (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 1335-1341; Den Ronden, J., Van Nieuwenhuysen, W., (1996) Handboek SPSS for Windows, , Schoonhoven: Academic Service, [Dutch]; Lindsay, J., Ounsted, C., Richards, P., Long-term outcome in children with temporal lobe seizures. I: Social outcome and childhood factors (1979) Dev Med Child Neurol, 21, pp. 285-298; Pond, D.A., Bidwell, B.H., Stein, L., A survey of epilepsy in fourteen general practices. I. Demographic and medical data (1960) Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir, 63, pp. 217-236; Erdos, P.L., (1983) Professional Mail Surveys, , Malabar: Robert E. Kriegler; Deckers, C.L.P., (2000) Monotherapy Versus Polytherapy in Epilepsy: Experimental and Clinical Studies, , Thesis. Nijmegen: Mediagroup, Catholic University Nijmegen; Dansky, L.V., Andermann, E., Andermann, F., Marriage and fertility in epileptic patients (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 261-271; Lindsay, J., Ounsted, C., Richards, P., Long-term outcome in children with temporal lobe seizures. II: Marriage, parenthood and sexual indifference (1979) Dev Med Child Neurol, 21, pp. 433-440; Jalava, M., Sillanpää, M., Concurrent illnesses in adults with childhood-onset epilepsy: A population based 35-year follow-up study (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 1155-1163; Hermann, P.B., Vickery, B., Hays, R.D., A comparison of health-related quality of life in patients with epilepsy, diabetes and multiple sclerosis (1996) Epilepsy Res, 25, pp. 113-118; Vickrey, B.G., Hays, R.D., Rausch, R., Engel J., Jr., Suthering, W., Brook, R.H., Quality of life in epilepsy surgery patients compared to outpatients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and/or depressive symptoms (1994) Epilepsia, 35, pp. 597-607; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 Year follow-up of the British national child development study (1998) Br Med J, 316, pp. 339-342; Höppener, R.J.E.A., (1981) Epilepsy and Alcohol: The Influence of Social Alcohol Intake on Seizures and Treatment in Epilepsy, , Thesis. Barneveld: BDU BV; Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D.G.A., Cognitive aspects (1996) Epilepsy in Children, , Wallace S, ed. London: Chapman and Hall; Lassouw, G., Leffers, M., De Krom, M., Troost, J., Epilepsy in a Dutch working population: Are employees diagnosed with epilepsy disadvantaged? (1997) Seizure, 6, pp. 95-98 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038691947&partnerID=40&md5=8a5009fbf9649479702ca498a9254483 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Women's body satisfaction at midlife and lifetime body size: A prospective study T2 - Health Psychology J2 - Health Psychol. VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 370 EP - 377 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1037/0278-6133.22.4.370 SN - 02786133 (ISSN) AU - McLaren, L. AU - Hardy, R. AU - Kuh, D. AD - Dept. of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada AD - M. R. C. Natl. Survey Hlth./Devmt., University College London, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, G230 Health Sciences Building, 3330 Hospital Drive, Northwest, Calgary, Alta. T2N 4N1, Canada AB - The relationship between past body size and current body dissatisfaction among 933 middle-aged women from a prospective birth cohort study was examined. Women provided self-report data on weight esteem at age 54. Height and weight data were collected at ages 7, 11, 15, 20, 26, 36, 43, and 54. Data on reproductive variables were also collected prospectively. Hierarchical linear modeling and multiple regression analyses were used. Women who were dissatisfied at midlife were heavier at age 7 and showed a more rapid increase in body mass index with age. A late menarche, being postmenopausal, and having started hormone replacement therapy before menopause were associated with less dissatisfaction. Attention to these factors across the life span is necessary to understand body dissatisfaction in women at midlife. KW - Body dissatisfaction KW - Body mass index KW - Middle-aged women KW - Prospective cohort KW - Reproduction KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - body image KW - body size KW - body weight KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - hormone substitution KW - human KW - lifespan KW - male KW - menarche KW - menopause KW - multiple regression KW - normal human KW - postmenopause KW - self esteem KW - self report KW - statistical model KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Image KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Statistical KW - Personal Satisfaction KW - Prospective Studies KW - Self Concept N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HEPSE C2 - 12940393 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McLaren, L.; Dept. of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, G230 Health Sciences Building, 3330 Hospital Drive, Northwest, Calgary, Alta. T2N 4N1, Canada; email: lmclaren@ucalgary.ca N1 - References: Ackard, D.M., Peterson, C.B., Association between puberty and disordered eating, body image, and other psychological variables (2001) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29, pp. 187-194; Allaz, A.F., Bernstein, M., Rouget, P., Archinard, M., Morabia, A., Body weight preoccupation in middle-age and ageing women: A general population survey (1998) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, pp. 287-294; Brumberg, J.J., (1988) Fasting Girls: The History of Anorexia Nervosa, , New York: Vintage Books; Bryk, A.S., Raudenbush, S.W., (1992) Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Chrisler, J.C., Ghiz, L., Body image issues of older women (1993) Faces of Women and Aging, pp. 67-75. , N. D. Davis, E. Cole, & E. D. Rothblum (Eds.). New York: Haworth Press; Collins, E., (1996) Body Dissatisfaction - Social and Emotional Influences in Adolescent Girls, , Unpublished master's thesis, University of London, London, England; Fox, P., Yamaguchi, C., Body image change in pregnancy: A comparison of normal weight and overweight primigravidas (1997) Birth, 24, pp. 35-40; Graziottin, A., HRT: The woman's perspective (1996) International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 52 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S11-S16; Grilo, C.M., Wilfley, D.E., Brownell, K.D., Rodin, J., Teasing, body image, and self-esteem in a clinical sample of obese women (1994) Addictive Behaviors, 19, pp. 443-450; Harris, H.E., Ellison, G.T., Holliday, M., Is there an independent association between parity and maternal weight gain? (1997) Annals of Human Biology, 24, pp. 507-519; Jenkin, W., Tiggemann, M., Psychological effects of weight retained after pregnancy (1997) Women and Health, 25, pp. 89-98; Kostanski, M., Gullone, E., Adolescent body image dissatisfaction: Relationships with self-esteem, anxiety, and depression controlling for body mass (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 255-262; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socio-economic conditions in childhood and adulthood: A post war birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: The influence of the menopause, social factors and health in earlier life (1997) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 104, pp. 923-933; McLaren, L., Kuh, D., Body dissatisfaction in midlife women Journal of Women & Aging, , in press; McLaren, L., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Gauvin, L., Positive and negative body-related comments and their relationship with body dissatisfaction in middle-aged women Psychology and Health, , in press; Mendelson, B.K., Mendelson, M.J., White, D.R., Body-esteem scale for adolescents and adults (2001) Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, pp. 90-106; Mendelson, B.K., White, D.R., Mendelson, M.J., Children's global self-esteem predicted by body-esteem but not by weight (1995) Perceptual and Motor Skills, 80, pp. 97-98; Pingitore, R., Spring, B., Garfield, D., Gender differences in body satisfaction (1997) Obesity Research, 5, pp. 402-409; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Power, C., Parsons, T., Overweight and obesity (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 304-328. , D. Kuh & R. Hardy (Eds.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., Congdon, R., (2000) HLM 5.0 for Windows (Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling) [Computer Software], , Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International; Reboussin, B.A., Rejeski, W.J., Martin, K.A., Callahan, K., Dunn, A.L., King, A.C., Sallis, J.F., Correlates of satisfaction with body function and body appearance in middle-and older aged adults: The Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) (2000) Psychology and Health, 15, pp. 239-254; Striegel-Moore, R.H., McMahon, R.P., Biro, F.M., Schrieber, G., Crawford, P.B., Voorhees, C., Exploring the relationship between timing of menarche and eating disorder symptoms in Black and White adolescent girls (2001) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, pp. 421-433; Stunkard, A.J., Burt, V., Obesity and the body image: II. Age of onset of disturbances in the body image (1967) American Journal of Psychiatry, 123, pp. 1443-1447; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D.J.L., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work in the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 11, pp. 2-20; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.J.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow up of a national birth cohort (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Wardle, J., Waller, J., Fox, E., Age of onset and body dissatisfaction in obesity (2002) Addictive Behaviors, 27, pp. 561-573 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042125116&doi=10.1037%2f0278-6133.22.4.370&partnerID=40&md5=8a75a57caaad19302f411d415cfb4449 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Eczematous Skin Disease and Recall of Past Diagnoses: Implications for Smallpox Vaccination T2 - Annals of Internal Medicine J2 - Ann. Intern. Med. VL - 139 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 7+I32 PY - 2003 SN - 00034819 (ISSN) AU - Naleway, A.L. AU - Belongia, E.A. AU - Greenlee, R.T. AU - Kieke Jr., B.A. AU - Chen, R.T. AU - Shay, D.K. AD - Epidemiology Research Center, Marshfield Clin. Research Foundation, Mailstop ML2, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States AB - Background: Persons with atopic dermatitis or eczema, regardless of disease severity or activity, may develop eczema vaccination if they or their close contacts receive the smallpox vaccine. According to current recommendations, a preexposure vaccination program should identify these persons and exclude them from participating. Objective: To determine the prevalence of diagnosed atopic dermatitis and eczema in a defined population and assess the sensitivity of screening questions to identify patients who have received these diagnoses. Design: Population-based prevalence survey and telephone interview. Setting: 14 ZIP code regions in Wisconsin. Patients: Persons given a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis or eczema in 2000 and 2001 were identified from a population-based cohort. Persons with a history of atopic dermatitis diagnosed since 1979 were eligible for the telephone survey. Measurements: Prevalence of diagnosed atopic dermatitis or eczema; proportions of respondents able to recall a past diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, eczema, or recurrent rash. Results: The prevalence of atopic dermatitis or eczema diagnosis in 2000 or 2001 was 0.8%. At least 2.4% of the cohort would be ineligible for smallpox vaccination because of active skin disease in themselves or household members. Among 94 adult respondents with atopic dermatitis, 55 (59%) correctly self-reported skin disease. Seventy-nine (60%) of 133 household contacts of adults with atopic dermatitis correctly reported the presence of skin disease in a household member. Parental recall of skin disease in children with atopic dermatitis was 70% (123 of 177). Conclusions: Identifying dermatologic contraindications to smallpox vaccination by relying only on a self-reported history of rash illnesses is likely to miss a substantial proportion of individuals who should not receive smallpox vaccine in a preexposure vaccination campaign. KW - smallpox vaccine KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - atopic dermatitis KW - controlled study KW - disease activity KW - disease severity KW - drug contraindication KW - eczema KW - eczema vaccinatum KW - health survey KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - patient selection KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - rash KW - screening KW - smallpox KW - vaccination KW - vaccination reaction KW - atopic dermatitis KW - child KW - drug contraindication KW - eczema KW - herpes simplex KW - interview KW - methodology KW - middle aged KW - preschool child KW - prevalence KW - recall KW - risk factor KW - telephone KW - United States KW - vaccination KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Dermatitis, Atopic KW - Eczema KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Interviews KW - Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption KW - Mental Recall KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - Telephone KW - Vaccination KW - Wisconsin N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AIMEA C2 - 12834312 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Belongia, E.A.; Epidemiology Research Center, Marshfield Clin. Research Foundation, Mailstop ML2, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States; email: belongia.edward@mcrf.mfldclin.edu N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Smallpox Vaccine N1 - References: Bicknell, W.J., The case for voluntary smallpox vaccination (2002) N Engl J Med, 346, pp. 1323-1325. , PMID: 11923492; Bicknell, W.J., Smallpox and smallpox vaccination (2002) N Engl J Med, 347, pp. 691-692; Lane, J.M., Smallpox and smallpox vaccination (2002) N Engl J Med, 347, pp. 691-692. , PMID: 12200562; Henderson, D.A., Inglesby, T.V., Bartlett, J.G., Ascher, M.S., Eitzen, E., Jahrling, P.B., Smallpox as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management (1999) JAMA, 281, pp. 2127-2137. , Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. [PMID: 10367824]; Recommendations for using smallpox vaccine in a pre-event vaccination program: Supplemental recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) (2003) MMWR Dispatch, 52, pp. 1-16. , www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/m2d226.htm; Update: Adverse events following smallpox vaccination - United States, 2003 (2003) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 52, pp. 278-282; Breman, J.G., Henderson, D.A., Diagnosis and management of smallpox (2002) N Engl J Med, 346, pp. 1300-1308. , PMID: 11923491; Lane, J.M., Ruben, F.L., Neff, J.M., Millar, J.D., Complications of smallpox vaccination, 1968: Results of ten statewide surveys (1970) J Infect Dis, 122, pp. 303-309. , PMID: 4396189; Vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2001 (2001) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 50 (RR-10), pp. 1-26; Kemper, A.R., Davis, M.M., Freed, G.L., Expected adverse events in a mass smallpox vaccination campaign (2002) Eff Clin Pract, 5, pp. 84-90. , PMID: 11990216; Greenberg, M., Complications of vaccination against smallpox (1948) Am J Dis Child, 76, pp. 492-502; Copeman, P.W., Wallace, H.J., Eczema vaccinatum (1964) Br J Med, 2, pp. 906-908; Waddington, E., Bray, P.T., Evans, A.D., Richards, I.D., Cutaneous complications of mass vaccination against smallpox in South Wales 1962 (1964) Annual Report and Transactions of the London Dermatologic Society, 50, pp. 22-41; Goldstein, J.A., Neff, J.M., Lane, J.M., Koplan, J.P., Smallpox vaccination reactions, prophylaxis, and therapy of complications (1975) Pediatrics, 55, pp. 342-347. , PMID: 238178; Lane, J.M., Ruben, F.L., Neff, J.M., Millar, J.D., Complications of smallpox vaccination, 1968 (1969) N Engl J Med, 281, pp. 1201-1208. , PMID: 4186802; Neff, J.M., Lane, J.M., Fulginiti, V.A., Henderson, D.A., Contact vaccinia - Transmission of vaccinia from smallpox vaccination (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1901-1905. , PMID: 12377090; Hanifin, J.M., Rajka, G., Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis (1980) Acta Dermatovener, 92, pp. 44-47; Laughter, D., Istvan, J.A., Tofte, S.J., Hanifin, J.M., The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Oregon schoolchildren (2000) J Am Acad Dermatol, 43, pp. 649-655. , PMID: 11004621; Eczema/Atopic Dermatitis, , www.aad.org/pamphlets/eczema.html; Neame, R.L., Berth-Jones, J., Kurinczuk, J.J., Graham-Brown, R.A., Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Leicester: A study of methodology and examination of possible ethnic variation (1995) Br J Dermatol, 132, pp. 772-777. , PMID: 7772484; Williams, H., Disease definition and measures of disease frequency (2001) J Am Acad Dermatol, 45, pp. S33-S36. , PMID: 11423870; Schultz Larsen, F., Diepgen, T., Svensson, A., The occurrence of atopic dermatitis in north Europe: An international questionnaire study (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol, 34, pp. 760-764. , PMID: 8632070; Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinocon-junctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC, the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1225-1232. , PMID: 9643741; Herd, R.M., Tidman, M.J., Prescott, R.J., Hunter, J.A., Prevalence of atopic eczema in the community: The Lothian Atopic Dermatitis study (1996) Br J Detmatol, 135, pp. 18-19. , PMID: 8776352; Ellis, C.N., Drake, L.A., Prendergast, M.M., Abramovits, W., Boguniewicz, M., Daniel, C.R., Cost of atopic dermatitis and eczema in the United States (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol, 46, pp. 361-370. , PMID: 11862170; Kay, J., Gawkrodger, D.J., Mortimer, M.J., Jaron, A.G., The prevalence of childhood atopic eczema in a general population (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol, 30, pp. 35-39. , PMID: 8277028; McNally, N.J., Williams, H.C., Phillips, D.R., Strachan, D.P., Is there a geographic variation in eczema prevalence in the UK? Evidence from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study (2000) Br J Dermatol, 142, pp. 712-720. , PMID: 10792221; DeStefano, F., Eaker, E.D., Broste, S.K., Nordstrom, D.L., Peissig, P.L., Vierkant, R.A., Epidemiologic research in an integrated regional medical care system: The Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area (1996) J Clin Epidemiol, 49, pp. 643-652. , PMID: 8656225; Williams, H.C., Burney, P.G., Hay, R.J., Archer, C.B., Shipley, M.J., Hunter, J.J., The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. I. Derivation of a minimum set of discriminators for atopic dermatitis (1994) Br J Dermatol, 131, pp. 383-396. , PMID: 7918015; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume II. The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2. , Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Hastie, T.J., Tibshirani, R.J., (1990) Generalized Additive Models, , New York: Chapman & Hall; Smallpox Vaccination Report. Status and Adverse Events, , www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/smpxrprt.htm; Smallpox Safety Summary, , www.smallpox.army.mil/media/pages/SPSafetySum.asp UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642576126&partnerID=40&md5=f9f6a655ab6aa027c9400649b0a54238 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal smoking during pregnancy and appetite control in offspring T2 - Journal of Perinatal Medicine J2 - J. Perinat. Med. VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 251 EP - 256 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1515/JPM.2003.034 SN - 03005577 (ISSN) AU - Toschke, A.M. AU - Ehlin, A.G.C. AU - Von Kries, R. AU - Ekbom, A. AU - Montgomery, S.M. AD - Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Inst. Social. Pediat./Adol. Med., Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany AD - Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Inst. for Social. Pediat./Adol. Med., Epidemiology Unit, Heiglhofstrasse 63, D-81377 Munich, Germany AB - Aims: Intrauterine exposure to tobacco smoke products has been associated with long-term neurobehavioral effects. Modified appetite control might explain the recently observed association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and obesity in offspring. Methods: Some 10,557 British adults aged 42 years born between 3-9 March 1958 were followed up in a birth cohort study (NCDS). The main outcome measure was self-reported poor appetite at age 42 years and main exposure was maternal smoking during pregnancy. Results: The proportion of offspring with poor appetite increased with maternal smoking during pregnancy: non-smoking 4.5%; (4.0%-5.0%), medium smoking 5.6%; (4.5%-6.8%), variable smoking 6.8%; (4.9%-9.1%) and heavy smoking 7.7%; (6.3%-9.4%). The unadjusted odds ratios for maternal smoking during pregnancy (ever/never) and poor appetite is 1.49 (1.25-1.77) and after adjustment for BMI at 42 years and other potential confounding factors it is 1.22 (1.01-1.48). Conclusions: Offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to report a poor appetite independent of a number of potential confounding factors. Although not in the expected direction, the results suggest maternal smoking during pregnancy may influence appetite perception through a developmental influence or through confounding by social factors. KW - Epidemiology KW - Logistic models KW - Perinatal risks KW - Pregnancy KW - Primary prevention KW - Smoking KW - tobacco smoke KW - adult KW - appetite KW - article KW - cognition KW - exposure KW - female KW - human KW - obesity KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - smoking KW - social aspect KW - Adult KW - Appetite KW - Appetite Regulation KW - Body Mass Index KW - Depression KW - Dyspepsia KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPEMA C2 - 12825482 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Toschke, A.M.; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Inst. for Social. Pediat./Adol. Med., Epidemiology Unit, Heiglhofstrasse 63, D-81377 Munich, Germany; email: michael@toschke.de N1 - References: Bundred, P., Kitchiner, D., Buchan, I., Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: Population based series of cross sectional studies (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 326; Dietz, W.H., Childhood weight affects adult morbidity and mortality (1998) J Nutr, 128, pp. 411S; Ekinysmith, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS, , University of London, London, (Studies CfL, ed.); Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow Up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 25, p. 170; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J., Type 2 [non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis (1992) Diabetologia, 35, p. 595; Jorenby, D.E., Hatsukami, D.K., Smith, S.S., Fiore, M.C., Allen, S., Jensen, J., Baker, T.B., Characterization of tobacco withdrawal symptoms: Transdermal nicotine reduces hunger and weight gain (1996) Psychopharmacology (Berl), 128, p. 130; Kandel, D.B., Wu, P., Davies, M., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, p. 1407; Levin, E.D., Wilkerson, A., Jones, J.P., Christopher, N.C., Briggs, S.J., Prenatal nicotine effects on memory in rats: Pharmacological and behavioral challenges (1996) Brain Res Dev Brain Res, 97, p. 207; Montgomery, S.M., Ekbom, A., Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort (2002) BMJ, 324, p. 26; Montgomery, S.M., Cook, D.G., Bartley, M.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Unemployment predates symptoms of depression and anxiety resulting in medical consultation in young men (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, p. 95; Ogden, C.L., Troiano, R.P., Briefel, R.R., Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence of overweight among preschool children in the United States, 1971 through 1994 (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. E1; Peters, M.A., Ngan, L.L., The effects of totigestational exposure to nicotine on pre- and postnatal development in the rat (1982) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 257, p. 155; Power, C., Jefferis, B.J., Fetal environment and subsequent obesity: A study of maternal smoking (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, p. 413; Toschke, A.M., Koletzko, B., Slikker, W.J., Hermann, M., Von Kries, R., Childhood obesity is associated with maternal smoking in pregnancy (2002) Eur J Pediatr, 161, p. 445; Vach, W., Missing values; statistical theory and computational Practice (1994) Computational Statistics, p. 345. , Dirschedl P, R Ostermann (eds). Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag; Xu, Z., Seidler, F.J., Ali, S.F., Slikker W., Jr., Slotkin, T.A., Fetal and adolescent nicotine administration: Effects on CNS serotonergic systems (2001) Brain Res, 914, p. 166; Yanai, J., Pick, C.G., Rogel-Fuchs, Y., Zahalka, E.A., Alterations in hippocampal cholinergic receptors and hippocampal behaviors after early exposure to nicotine (1992) Brain Res Bull, 29, p. 363 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038745372&doi=10.1515%2fJPM.2003.034&partnerID=40&md5=e32de25ee2b0168c41aed5a9298147c4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity in Switzerland: Percentiles of body mass index of a cohort of children and adolescents born in 1980 in Lausanne and differences with the Swiss percentiles calculated for boys and girls in 1955 ST - Obésité en Suisse: Percentiles d'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) d'une population d'enfants et d'adolescents nés en 1980 à Lausanne et écart avec les normes suisses (1955) T2 - Sozial- und Praventivmedizin J2 - Soz.- Praventivmed. VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 121 EP - 132 PY - 2003 SN - 03038408 (ISSN) AU - Woringer, V. AU - Schütz, Y. AD - Service de Sante des Écoles, case postale 16, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland AD - Institut de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland AB - Objectives: The objective of this study is to calculate the percentiles of BMI of a cohort of 1203 children and adolescents, representing the 95% of the pupils of the school, born in 1980 followed longitudinally between 5 and 16 years. We compare these percentiles with those of the first swiss study, calculated on a cohort born in 1954-1956. Methods: The percentiles were calculated with the method of Cole, on the basis of weight and height measured during the controls by the school health service, at a non-periodic mean intervall of 14 months. Results: The gap between the BMI percentiles of the two cohorts is near zero for the third percentiles, weak but progressively growing with age up to two units of BMI for the 50th percentiles. For the percentiles 97 the difference, straight away present at five years, grows regularly up to 11 years, and remains thereafter for the girls at 4.3 units of BMI, while growing more up to 6.8 units of BMI at 15 years for the boys. The percentages of children and adolescents of the present study with overweight, in accordance with the thresholds of Cole, constant for the girls at 14 %, increase forthe five to 11.5 years old boys from 13.4 % to 17.6 % for the 11.5 to 16 years old. The percentage of obesity is 2.7 % for the girls, and increase for the same categories for the boys from a percentage of 1.7 % to 2.3 % for the boys. Conclusions: The changes during this quarter of century are important, especially for the boys. We can postulate thereafter a very early change in the energy balance. A chronic increase of the food supply, linked or not with a decrase of the physical activity, would be an explanation. KW - Adolescence KW - Body mass index KW - Childhood KW - Longitudinal KW - Percentiles KW - Switzerland KW - adolescent KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - calculation KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - energy balance KW - female KW - follow up KW - food intake KW - human KW - male KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - Switzerland KW - Adolescent KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Reference Values KW - Sex Factors KW - Switzerland KW - Urban Population N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SZPMA C2 - 12841084 LA - French N1 - Correspondence Address: Woringer, V.; Service de Sante des Écoles, case postale 16, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland N1 - References: Consensus sur le traitement de l'obésité en Suisse: Report (1999) Schweiz Med. Wochenschr., 129 (SUPPL. 114), pp. 21S-36S. , Anonymous; Bender, R., Jockel, K.H., Trautner, C., Spraul, M., Berger, M., Effect of age on excess mortality in obesity (1999) JAMA, 281, pp. 1498-1504; Clavien, H., Theintz, G., Rizzoli, R., Bonjour, J.P., Does puberty alter dietary habits in adolescents living in a western society? (1996) J. Adolesc. Health, 19, pp. 68-75; Cole, J.T., Weight-stature indices to measure underweight, overweight, and obesity (1991) Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status, pp. 83-111. , Eds.? Wyley-Liss; Cole, T.J., A critique of the NCHS weight for height standard (1985) Hum. Biol., 57, pp. 183-196; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegak, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweigh and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Cole, T.J., Green, P.J., Smoothing reference centile curves: The LMS method and penalized likelihood (1992) Stat. Med., 2, pp. 1305-1319; Daniels, S.R., Khoury, P.R., Morrison, J.A., The utility of body mass index as a measure of body fatness in children and adolescents: Differences by race and gender (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 804-807; Danker-Hopfe, H., Roczen, K., Secular trends in height, weight and body mass index of 6-year-old children in Bremerhaven (2000) Ann. Hum. Biol., 27, pp. 263-270; Deurenberg-Yap, M., Schmidt, G., van Staveren, W.A., Deurenberg, P., The paradox of low body mass index and high fat percentage among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore (2000) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 24, pp. 1011-1017; Dietz W.H., Jr., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; Eisenmann, J.C., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Arnall, D.A., Kanuho, V., Growth and overweight of Navajo youth: Secular changes from 1955 to 1997 (2000) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 24, pp. 211-218. , Interpreter C. Malina RM; Ekeland, E., Halland, B., Refsnes, K.A., Are children and adolescents less physically active today than in the past? (1999) Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen., 119, pp. 2358-2362; Ferron, C., Michaud, P.A., Narring, F., Cauderay, M., Sports activities of Swiss youths: Practices, motivations and links to health (1997) Arch. Pediatr., 4, pp. 568-576; Flegal, K.M., Curve smoothing and transformations in the development of growth curves (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 70, pp. 163S-165S; Flegal, K.M., Troiano, R.P., Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population (2000) In. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 24, pp. 807-818; Fredriks, A.M., van Buuren, S., Burgmeijer, R.L., Continuing positive secular change in The Netherlands 1955-1997 (2000) Pediatr. Res., 47, pp. 316-323; Fredriks, A.M., van Buuren, S., Wit, J.M., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Body index measurements in 1996-7 compared with 1980 (2000) Arch. Dis. Child, 82, pp. 107-112; Freedman, D., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. 1175-1182; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R.A., Williamson, D.F., Berenson, G.S., Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 420-426; Garaulet, M., Martinez, A., Victoria, F., Perez-Llamas, F., Ortega, R.M., Zamora, S., Difference in dietary intake and activity level between normal-weight and overweight or obeses adolescents (2000) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 30, pp. 253-258; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N. Engl. J. Med., 329, pp. 1008-1012; Gurrici, S., Hartriyanti, Y., Hautvast, J.G., Deurenberg, P., Relationship between body fat and body mass index: Differences between Indonesians and Dutch Caucasians (1998) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 52, pp. 779-783; Hannan, W.J., Wrote, R.M., Cowen, S.J., Freeman, C.P., Body mass index as an estimate of body fat (1995) Int. J. Eat. Disord., 18, pp. 91-97; He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Population-based body mass index reference values from Goteborg, Sweden: Birth to 18 years of age (2000) Acta Paediatr., 89, pp. 582-592; He, Q., Karlberg, J., Prediction of adult overweight during the pediatric years (1999) Pediatr. Res., 46, pp. 697-703; Heimendinger, S., Die Ergebnisse von Körpermessungen an 5000 Basler Kindern von 2-18 Jahren (1964) Helv. Paediatr. Acta Suppl., 13, pp. 1-231; Hernandez, B., Gortmaker, S.L., Colditz, G.A., Peterson, K.E., Laird, N.M., Parra-Cabrera, S., Association of obesity with physical activity, television programs and other forms of video viewing among children in Mexico city (1999) In. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 23, pp. 845-854; Overweight and obesity in European children and adolescents: Causes and consequences - Prevention and treatment (2000), ISLP Lieu?: ISLP Europe, Overweight and Obesity in Children task Force; Janz, K.F., Mahoney, L.T., Three-year follow-up of changes in aerobic fitness during puberty: The Muscatine Study (1997) Res. Q. Exerc. Sports, 68, pp. 1-9; Kalies, H., Lenz, J., von Kries, R., Prevalence of overweight and obesity and trends in body mass index in German pre-school children, 1982-1997 (2002) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 26, pp. 1211-1217; Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Zellner, K., Jaeger, U., Hover, H., Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children in Jena (1999) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 23, pp. 1143-1150. , (Germany); Lazarus, R., Wake, M., Hesketh, K., Waters, E., Change in body mass index in Australian primary school children, 1985-1997 (2000) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 24, pp. 679-684; Lehingue, Y., Picot, M.C., Millot, I., Fassio, F., Increase in the prevalence of obesity among children aged 4-5 years in a French district between 1988 and 1993 (1996) Rev. Epidemiol. Santé Publique, 44, pp. 37-46; Lynch, J., Wang, X.L., Wilcken, D.E., Body mass index in Australian children: Recent changes and relevance of ethnicity (2000) Arch. Dis. Child, 82, pp. 16-20; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parent's obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) In. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 22, pp. 758-764; Michaud, P.A., Narring, F., Cauderay, M., Cavadini, C., Sports activity, physical activity and fitness of 9- to 19-year-old teenagers in the canton of Vaud (1999) Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 129, pp. 691-699. , (Switzerland); Mohler, B., Akermann-Liebrich, U., Steffen, H.B., Staehelin, H.B., Cholesterol screening in childhood: Results of a 9-year follow-up study in Swiss and Italian children in Switzerland (1996) Soz. Praventiv. Med., 41, pp. 333-340; Moore, L.L., Nguyen, U.S., Rothman, K.J., Cupples, L.A., Ellison, R.C., Preschool physical activity level and change in body fatness in young children: The Framingham Children's Study (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol., 142, pp. 982-988; Morrison, J.A., Barton, B.A., Biro, F.M., Daniels, S.R., Sprecher, D.L., Overweight, fat patterning, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in black and white boys (1999) J. Pediatr., 135, pp. 451-457; Mühlemann, R., Grösse, Gewicht und Massenindex von Kindergarten- Und Schulkindern Schweizer Nationalität (1984) Bull. Med. Sui., 65, pp. 1929-1935; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harward Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 327, pp. 1350-1355; Ogden, C.L., Troiano, R.P., Briefel, R.R., Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence of overweight among preschool children in the United States, 1971 through 1994 (1997) Pediatrics, 99, p. 31; Pietrobelli, A., Faith, M.S., Allison, D.B., Gallagher, D., Chiumello, G., Heymsfield, S.B., Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: A validation study (1998) J. Pediatr., 132, pp. 204-210; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1094-1101; Prader, A., Largo, R.H., Molinari, L., Issler, C., Physical growth of Swiss children from birth to 20 years of age: First Zurich longitudinal study of growth and development (1989) Helv. Paediatr. Acta Suppl., 52, pp. 1-125; Quetelet, L.A.J., Titre? (1869) Physique Sociale, 2, p. 92; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., Hansen, H.O., Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995 (1999) Acta Paediatr., 88, pp. 431-437; Rios, M., Fluiters, E., Perez Mendez, L.F., Garcia-Mayor, E.G., Garcia-Mayor, R.V., Prevalence of childhood overweight in Northwestern Spain: A comparative study of two periods with a ten year interval (1999) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 23, pp. 1095-1098; Robinson, T.N., Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1561-1567; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Bellisle, F., Définition actuelle et évolution de la fréquence de l'obésité chez l'enfant (2001) Cah Nutr. Diét., 36, pp. 108-112; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Sempé, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Péquignot-Guggenbuhl, F., Fautrad, V., Adiposity indices in children (1982) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 36, pp. 178-184; Rosner, B., Prineas, R., Loggie, J., Daniels, S.R., Percentiles for body mass index in U.S. children 5 to 17 years of age (1998) J. Pediatr., 132, pp. 211-222; Royer, P., La télévision, l'enfant et le pédiatre (1990) Arch. Fr. Pédiatr., 47, pp. 241-246; Sarria, A., Garcia, A., Llop, L.A., Moreno, L.A., Fleta, J., Morellon, M.P., Bueno, M., Skinfold thickness measurements are better predictors of body fat percentage than body mass index in male Spanish children and adolescents (1998) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 52, pp. 573-576; Schaefer, F., Georgi, M., Wuhl, E., Scharer, K., Body mass index and percentage fat mass in healthy German schoolchildren and adolescents (1998) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 22, pp. 461-469; Sieber, R., Veränderungen des Lebensmittelverbrauchs im Verlaufe der letzten 40 Jahre: Troisième rapport sur la nutrition en Suisse (1991), pp. 20-30. , Bern: OFSP; Singer, M.R., Moore, L.L., Garrahie, E.J., Ellison, R.C., The tracking of nutrient intake in young children: The Framingham Childrens Study (1995) Am. J. Public Health, 85, pp. 1673-1677; Sutter-Leuzinger, A., Sieber, R., Beurteilung des Verbrauchs an Nahrungsenergie, Energie-Trägern, Nahrungsfasern, Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und Spurelementen: Quatrième rapport sur la nutrition en Suisse (1998), pp. 28-50. , Berne: OFSP; Telama, R., Yang, X., Decline of physical activity from youth to young adulthood in Finland (2000) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 32, pp. 1617-1622; Thomsen, B.L., Ekstrom, C.T., Sorensen, T.I., Development of the obesity epidemic in Denmark: Cohort, time and age effects among boys born 1930-1975 (1999) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 23, pp. 693-701; Twisk, J.W., Kemper, H.C., van Mechelen, W., Post, G.B., van Lenthe, F.J., Body fatness: Longitudinal relationship of body mass index and the sum of skinfolds with other risk factors for coronary heart disease (1998) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 22, pp. 915-922; Warner, J.T., Cowan, F.J., Dunstan, E.D., Gregory, J.W., The validity of body mass index for the assessment of adiposity in children with disease states (1997) Ann. Hum. Biol., 24, pp. 209-215; Williams, S., Body mass index reference curves derived from a New Zealand birth cohort (2000) N. Z. Med. J., 113, pp. 308-311; Woodring, B.C., Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998) J. Child Fam. Nuts, 1, pp. 78-79; Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic, report of a WHO consultation on obesity, division of the non-communicable diseases, programme of nutrition family and reproductive health (1997), World Health Organization Geneva 3-5 June 1997. Geneva: WHO; Zimmermann, M.B., Hess, S.Y., Harrell, R.F., A national study of the prevalence of overweight and obesity a 6-12 year-old Swiss children: Body mass index, body-weight perceptions and goals (2000) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 54, pp. 568-572 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038118414&partnerID=40&md5=d038806d2ad90c7ce1cf48ff5142209f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tracking of body mass index during childhood: A 15-year prospective population-based family study in eastern Finland T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 716 EP - 721 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802271 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Fuentes, R.M. AU - Notkola, I.-L. AU - Shemeikka, S. AU - Tuomilehto, J. AU - Nissinen, A. AD - Dept. of Pub. Hlth./General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland AD - Dept. of Epidemiol./Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland AD - Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AD - Dept. of Pub. Hlth./General Practice, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland AB - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the tracking of body mass index (BMI) during childhood. The effect of birth weight and family history of obesity on BMI development during childhood was also evaluated. METHODS: All children born during 1981-1982 in a rural community of eastern Finland were followed at ages 6 months, 7 and 15 y (-6 m, -7y, -15y). Out of 205 children, 138 completed the full follow-up period, of which 100 (45 girls) were included in the analysis with complete data. RESULTS: BMI-6 m was significantly associated with BMI-7y (r=0.320; P-value=0.001), but no longer with BMI-15y. BMI-7y was significantly associated with BMI-15y (r=0.686; P-value ≤0.001). Children in the highest tertile of BMI-6 m did not have a higher risk of being in the highest tertile of either BMI-7y or BMI-15y compared with children in other tertiles of BMI-6 m. Children in the highest tertile of BMI-7y had a significantly higher risk of being in the highest tertile of BMI-15y (relative risk=3.6 (2.0-6.3)) compared with children in other tertiles of BMI-7y. BMI-7y was predicted negatively by parents' education and male gender and positively by BMI-6m. BMI-15y was predicted positively by BMI-7y, the difference in BMI between ages 7 y and 6 months and the mean of BMI between ages 6 months and 7 y. Birth weight was not a good predictor of BMI during childhood. Children with at least one obese parent seemed to have higher BMI during childhood; however, this association did not reach a significant level. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed the tracking of BMI during childhood. Neither birth weight nor family history of obesity was found a good predictor of BMI during childhood. The risk of obesity in adolescence can be determined during middle childhood and obese children may be targeted in lifestyle advice to reverse this trend. Parental education may have a key role in the prevention of obesity during childhood. KW - Birth weight KW - Birth-cohort KW - Childhood KW - Familial aggregation KW - Tracking KW - adolescent KW - age distribution KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - child KW - family history KW - female KW - Finland KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - parent counseling KW - population research KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - Adolescent KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Life Style KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prospective Studies N1 - Cited By :64 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 12833116 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fuentes, R.M.; Dept. of Pub. Hlth./General Practice, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; email: ricardo.fuentes@messi.uku.fi N1 - Funding details: Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education N1 - Funding details: Academy of Finland, Academy of Finland N1 - Funding details: Savoy Foundation, Savoy Foundation N1 - Funding details: Juho Vainion Säätiö, Juho Vainion Säätiö N1 - Funding details: Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Sydäntutkimussäätiö N1 - Funding text: This study was funded by the Juho Vainio Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation of Northern Savo, the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, the Ministry of Education of Finland and the Academy of Finland. N1 - References: Pi-Sunyer, F.X., Health implications of obesity (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 1595S-1603S; Kushner, R.F., Body weight and mortality (1993) Nutr Rev, 51, pp. 127-136; Solomon, C.G., Manson, J.E., Obesity and mortality: A review of the epidemiologic data (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1044S-10450S; Mossberg, H., 40 Year follow-up of overweight children (1989) Lancet, 2 (8661), pp. 491-493; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1360-1365; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S.J., Nanchahal, K., Peters, T.J., Smith, G.D., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 1111-1118; Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. 671-680; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Workman, P.L., Mielke, J.H., Nevanlinna, H.R., The genetic structure of Finland (1976) Am J Phys Anthropol, 44, pp. 341-367; Sajantila, A., Salem, A.H., Savolainen, P., Bauer, K., Gierig, C., Paabo, S., Paternal and maternal DNA lineages reveal a bottleneck in the founding of the Finnish population (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, pp. 12035-12039; De La Chapelle, A., Wright, F.A., Linkage disequilibrium mapping in isolated populations: The example of Finland revisited (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, pp. 12416-12423; Peltonen, L., Jalanko, A., Varilo, T., Molecular genetics of the Finnish disease heritage (1999) Hum Mol Genet, 8, pp. 1913-1923; Fuentes, R., Notkola, I.-L., Shemeikka, S., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Tracking of systolic blood pressure during childhood: A 15-year follow-up population-based family study in eastern Finland (2002) J Hypertens, 20, pp. 195-202; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Avons, P., Patois, E., Sempe, M., Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 219-229; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., The prediction in boys and girls of the weight/height index and various skinfold measurements in adults: A two-decade follow-up study (1989) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 13, pp. 305-311; Muramatsu, S., Sato, Y., Miyao, M., Muramatsu, T., Ito, A., A longitudinal study of obesity in Japan: Relationship of body habitus between at birth and at age 17 (1990) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 14, pp. 39-45; Prokopec, M., Bellisle, F., Adiposity in Czech children followed from 1 month of age to adulthood: Analysis of individual BMI patterns (1993) Ann Hum Biol, 20, pp. 517-525; Gasser, T., Ziegler, P., Seifert, B., Molinari, L., Largo, R.H., Prader, A., Prediction of adult skinfolds and body mass from infancy through adolescence (1995) Ann Hum Biol, 22, pp. 217-233; Hulman, S., Kushner, H., Katz, S., Falkner, B., Can cardiovascular risk be predicted by newborn, childhood, and adolescent body size? An examination of longitudinal data in urban African Americans (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 90-97; Williams, S., Davie, G., Lam, F., Predicting BMI in young adults from childhood data using two approaches to modelling adiposity, rebound (1999) Int I Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 348-354; He, Q., Karlberg, J., Prediction of adult overweight during the pediatric years (1999) Pediatr Res, 46, pp. 697-703; He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Population-based body mass index reference values from Goteborg, Sweden: Birth to 18 years of age (2000) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 582-592; Livingstone, M.B., Childhood obesity in Europe: A growing concern (2001) Public Health Nutr, 4, pp. 109-116; Kelly, J.L., Stanton, W.R., McGee, R., Silva, P.A., Tracking relative weight in subjects studied longitudinally from ages 3 to 13 years (1992) J Paediatr Child Health, 28, pp. 158-161; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 283, pp. 13-17; Mamalakis, G., Kafatos, A., Manios, Y., Anagnostopoulou, T., Apostolaki, I., Obesity indices in a cohort of primary school children in Crete: A six year prospective study (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 765-771; Fisch, R.O., Bilek, M.K., Ulstrom, R., Obesity and leanness at birth and their relationship to body habitus in later childhood (1975) Pediatrics, 56, pp. 521-528; Chuang-Stein, C., Tong, D.M., The impact and implication of regression to the mean on the design and analysis of medical investigations (1997) Stat Methods Med Res, 6, pp. 115-128; Frisancho, A.R., Prenatal compared with parental origins of adolescent fatness (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1186-1190; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Danon, Y.L., A longitudinal study of birth weight and being overweight in late adolescence (1991) Am J Dis Child, 145, pp. 782-785; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M., Fischer, P., Sorensen, T.I., Relation between weight and length at birth and body mass index in young adulthood: Cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, p. 1137; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., The relation of weight, length and ponderal index at birth to body mass index and overweight among 18-year-old males in Sweden (1998) Eur J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 373-380; Fuentes, R., Notkola, I.-L., Shemeikka, S., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Familial aggregation of body mass index: A population-based family study in eastern Finland (2002) Horm Metab Res, 7, pp. 406-410; Greenlund, K.J., Liu, K., Dyer, A.R., Kiefe, C.I., Burke, G.L., Yunis, C., Body mass index in young adults: Associations with parental body size and education in the CARDIA Study (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 480-485; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Whitaker, R.C., Pepe, M.S., Wright, J.A., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Early adiposity rebound and the risk of adult obesity (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. E5; Stettler, N., Tershakovec, A.M., Zemel, B.S., Leonard, M.B., Boston, R.C., Katz, S.H., Stallings, V.A., Early risk factors for increased adiposity: A cohort study of African American subjects followed from birth to young adulthood (2000) Am J Clin Ntttr, 72, pp. 378-383; Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., The relation of parental cardiovascular disease to risk factors in children and young adults (1995) Circulation, 91, pp. 365-371. , The Bogalusa Heart Study; Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R., Greenlund, K.J., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Longitudinal changes in cardiovascular risk from childhood to young adulthood in offspring of parents with coronary artery disease: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1997) JAMA, 278, pp. 1749-1754; Burke, G.L., Savage, P.J., Sprafka, J.M., Selby, J.V., Jacobs D.R., Jr., Perkins, L.L., Roseman, J.M., Fabsitz, R.R., Relation of risk factor levels in young adulthood to parental history of disease. The CARDIA study (1991) Circulation, 84, pp. 1176-1187; Pereira, M.A., Schreiner, P.J., Pankow, J.S., Williams, R.R., Higgins, M., Province, M.A., Rao, D.C., The Family Risk Score for coronary heart disease: Associations with lipids, lipoproteins, and body habitus in a middle-aged bi-racial cohort: The ARIC study (2000) Ann Epidemiol, 10, pp. 239-245; Dietz, W.H., Bellizzi, M.C., Introduction: The use of body mass index to assess obesity in children (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (PART 2), pp. S123-S125 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037499524&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802271&partnerID=40&md5=4a76106e1d365c56525a40550bd45f10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Apprenticeship in the 'golden age': Were youth transitions really smooth and unproblematic back then? T2 - Work, Employment and Society J2 - Work Employ. Soc. VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 269 EP - 287 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1177/0950017003017002003 SN - 09500170 (ISSN) AU - Vickerstaff, S.A. AD - Sch. Social Plcy., Sociol./Social R., University of Kent, Cornwallis NE, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF, United Kingdom AB - This article challenges the taken-for-granted orthodoxy of contemporary youth studies that young people's transitions from school to work have become extended and fragmented in comparison to those of people who left school in the period 1945-75. It is argued that the characterization of the earlier period as a 'golden age' of smooth, unproblematic, one-step transitions from school into the labour market misrepresents the experiences of people in that period and in particular, fails to understand the specificity of the apprenticeship model of transition which was experienced by around 35 percent of the male school-leaving age cohort. The discussion examines the experience of people in the period 1945-75 by reference to 30 interviews undertaken by the author with people who did apprenticeships in a variety of trades. KW - Apprenticeship KW - Young workers KW - Youth studies KW - Youth transitions N1 - Cited By :50 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Vickerstaff, S.A.; Sch. Social Plcy., Sociol./Social R., University of Kent, Cornwallis NE, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF, United Kingdom; email: S.A.Vickerstaff@kent.ac.uk N1 - References: Ashton, D., Field, D., (1976) Young Workers, , London: Hutchinson and Co; Ashton, D., Lowe, G., (1991) Making Their Way: Education, Training and the Labour Market in Canada and Britain, , Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Ashton, D., Maguire, M., Spilsbury, J., Labour market segmentation and the structure of the youth labour market (1987) Education, Unemployment and Labour Markets, pp. 160-178. , P. Brown and D. Ashton (ed.). London: The Falmer Press; Ball, J., Maguire, M., Macrae, S., (2000) Choice, Pathways and Transitions Post 16. New Youth, New Economies in the Global City, , London: RoutledgeFalmer; Bynner, J., Transitions to work: Results from a longitudinal study of young people in four British labour markets (1991) Making Their Way: Education, Training and the Labour Market in Canada and Britain, pp. 171-195. , D. Ashton and G. Lowe (ed.). Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Carter, M.P., (1962) Home, School and Work: A Study of the Education and Employment of Young People in Britain, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Carter, M.P., (1966) Into Work, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Chisholm, L., Youth transitions in the European Union (1995) Youth, Education and Work, pp. 203-217. , L. Bash and A. Green (eds). World Yearbook of Education. London: Kogan Page; Coles, B., Vulnerable youth and processes of social exclusion: A theoretical framework, review of recent research and suggestions for a future research agenda (1997) Youth, Citizenship and Social Change in a European Context, , J. Bynner, L. Chisholm and A. Furlong (eds). Aldershot: Ashgate; Croft, M., Apprenticeship and the bulge (1960) Research Series, 216. , London: The Fabian Society; Misleading trajectories: Transition dilemmas of young adults in Europe (2001) Journal of Youth Studies, 4 (1), pp. 101-118; Evans, K., Taking control of their lives? Agency in young adult transitions in england and the New Germany (2002) Journal of Youth Studies, 5 (3), pp. 245-269; Evans, K., Furlong, A., Metaphors of youth transitions: Niches, pathways, trajectories or navigations (1997) Citizenship and Social Change in a European Context, pp. 17-41. , J. Bynner, L. Chisholm and A. Furlong Youth. Aldershot: Ashgate; Ferguson, T., Cunnison, J., (1951) The Young Wage-earner, , Oxford University Press; Fogelman, K., After school. The education and training experiences of the 1958 cohort (1985) NCDS Working Paper, 3. , London: National Children's Bureau; Furlong, A., Cartmel, F., (1997) Young People and Social Change, , Buckingham: Open University Press; Kerckhoff, A.C., Building conceptual and empirical bridges between studies of educational and labor force careers (1996) Generating Social Stratification: Towards a New Research Agenda, pp. 37-74. , A.C. Kerckhoff (ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Liepman, K., (1960) Apprenticeship: An Enquiry into its Adequacy Under Modern Conditions, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Maizels, J., (1970) Adolescent Needs and the Transition from School to Work, , London: Athlone Press; (1960) 15-18. Report of the Central Advisory Council for Education - England, 11. , Surveys. London: HMSO; (1956) The Work of the Youth Employment Service 1953-56, , a report by the National Youth Employment Council. London: HMSO; (1958) Training for Skill: Recruitment and Training of Young Workers in Industry, , report by a sub-committee of the National Joint Advisory Council, ('The Carr Report'). London: HMSO; Nagel, U., Wallace, C., Participation and identification in risk societies: European perspectives (1997) Youth, Citizenship and Social Change in a European Context, pp. 42-55. , J. Bynner, L. Chisholm and A. Furlong (eds). Aldershot: Ashgate; Pollock, G., Uncertain futures: Young people in and out of employment since 1940 (1997) Work Employment and Society, 11 (4), pp. 615-638; Roberts, K., (1984) School Leavers and their Prospects: Youth and the Labour Market in the 1980s, , Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Rudd, P., From socialisation to postmodernity: A review of theoretical perspectives on the school-to-work transition (1997) Journal of Education and Work, 10 (3), pp. 257-279; Ryan, P., The embedding of apprenticeship in industrial relations: British engineering, 1925-65 (1999) Apprenticeship: Towards a New Paradigm of Learning, pp. 41-60. , P. Ainley and H. Rainbird (eds). London: Kogan Page; Ryrie, A.C., Weir, A.D., (1978) Getting a Trade: A Study of Apprentices' Experience of Apprenticeship, , Sevenoaks: Hodder and Stoughton; Venables, E., (1974) Apprentices Out of Their Time, , London: Faber and Faber; Veness, T., (1962) School Leavers, , London: Methuen and Co; West, M., Newton, P., (1983) The Transition from School to Work, , London: Croom Helm UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037821619&doi=10.1177%2f0950017003017002003&partnerID=40&md5=9d91018229bbcc5b2f9c8218edf387a6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Examining the prevalence of criminal desistance T2 - Criminology J2 - Criminology VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 423 EP - 448 PY - 2003 SN - 00111384 (ISSN) AU - Brame, R. AU - Bushway, S.D. AU - Paternoster, R. AD - Department of Criminology, University of South Carolina, United States AD - Department of Criminology, University of Maryland, United States AB - Criminological theorists and criminal justice policy makers place a great deal of importance on the idea of desistance. In general terms, criminal desistance refers to a cessation of offending activity among those who have offended in the past. Some significant challenges await those who would estimate the relative size of the desisting population or attempt to identify factors that predict membership in that population. In this paper, we consider several different analytic frameworks that represent an array of plausible definitions. We then illustrate some of our ideas with an empirical example from the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort Study. KW - Criminal careers KW - Desistance KW - Split population models N1 - Cited By :40 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Brame, R.; Department of Criminology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States N1 - References: Barnett, A., Blumstein, A., Farrington, D.P., Probabilistic models of youthful criminal careers (1987) Criminology, 25, pp. 83-108; Barnett, A., Blumstein, A., Farrington, D.P., A prospective test of a criminal career model (1989) Criminology, 27, pp. 373-385; Barnett, A., Lofaso, A.J., Selective incapacitation and the Philadelphia cohort data (1985) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1, pp. 3-36; Benson, M.L., (2001) Crime and the Life Course: An Introduction, , Los Angeles, Calif.: Roxbury Press; Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J., Visher, C.A., (1986) Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals", 1. , Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Farrington, D.P., Criminal career research: Its value for criminology (1988) Criminology, 26, pp. 1-35; Longitudinal and criminal career research (1988) Criminology, 26, pp. 57-74; Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Moitra, S., Specialization and seriousness during adult criminal careers (1988) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 4, pp. 303-345; Blumstein, A., Farrington, D.P., Moitra, S., Delinquency careers: Innocents, desisters, and persisters (1985) Crime and Justice: An Annual Review, , Michael Tonry and Norval Morris (eds.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Blumstein, A., Moitra, S., The identification of "career criminals" from "chronic offenders" in a cohort (1980) Law and Policy Quarterly, 2, pp. 321-334; Bushway, S.D., Piquero, A.R., Broidy, L.M., Cauffman, E., Mazerolle, P., An empirical framework for studying desistance as a process (2001) Criminology, 39, pp. 491-513; Bushway, S.D., Thornberry, T.P., Krohn, M.D., Desistance as a developmental process: A comparison of static and dynamic Approaches (2003) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19; Elliott, D.S., Huizinga, D., Menard, S., (1989) Multiple Problem Youth: Delinquency, Substance Use and Mental Health, , New York: Springer-Verlag; Elliott, D.S., Serious violent offenders: Onset, developmental course, and termination (1994) Criminology, 32, pp. 1-22; Evans, M., Hastings, N., Peacock, B., (1993) Statistical Distributions (Second Edition), , New York: Wiley Interscience; Fagan, J., Cessation of family violence: Deterrence and dissuasion (1989) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, , Lloyd Ohlin and Michael Tonry (eds.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Farrington, D.P., Hawkins, J.D., Predicting participation, early onset, and later persistence in officially recorded offending (1991) Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 1, pp. 1-33; Gottfredson, M.R., Hirschi, T., (1990) A General Theory of Crime, , Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press; Grandell, J., (1997) Mixed Poisson Processes, , London: Chapman and Hall; Greene, W.H., (1997) Econometric Analysis, , Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Greenberg, D.F., Modeling criminal careers (1991) Criminology, 29, pp. 17-46; King, G., (1989) Unifying Political Methodology: The Likelihood Theory of Statistical Inference, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Lambert, D., Zero-inflated Poisson regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing (1992) Technometrics, 34, pp. 1-14; Laub, J.H., Nagin, D.S., Sampson, R.J., Good marriages and trajectories of change in criminal offending (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 225-238; Laub, J.H., Sampson, R.J., Understanding desistance from crime (2001) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, , Michael Tonry (ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press; LeBlanc, M., Loeber, R., Developmental criminology updated (1998) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, , Michael Tonry (ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Lehoczky, J.P., Random parameter stochastic-process models of criminal careers (1986) Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals,", 2. , Alfred Blumstein, Jacqueline Cohen, Jeffrey Roth, and Christy A. Visher (eds.). Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; Loeber, R., LeBlanc, M., Toward a developmental criminology (1990) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, , Michael Tonry and Norval Morris (eds.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W., Farrington, D.P., Initiation, escalation, and desistance in juvenile offending and their correlates (1991) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 82, pp. 36-82; Maltz, M.D., (1984) Recidivism, , New York: Academic Press; Mullahy, J., Specification and testing of some modified count data models (1986) Journal of Econometrics, 33, pp. 341-365; Heterogeneity, excess zeros, and the structure of count data models (1997) Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12, pp. 337-350; Mulvey, E.P., LaRosa, J.F., Delinquency cessation and adolescent development: Preliminary data (1986) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56, pp. 212-224; Nagin, D.S., Analyzing developmental trajectories: A semiparametric, group-based approach (1999) Psychological Methods, 4, pp. 139-157; Nagin, D.S., Land, K., Age, criminal careers, and population heterogeneity: Specification and estimation of a nonparametric, mixed Poisson model (1993) Criminology, 31, pp. 327-362; Nagin, D.S., Farrington, D.P., Moffitt, T.E., Life-course trajectories of different types of offenders (1995) Criminology, 33, pp. 111-139; Nagin, D.S., Paternoster, R., On the relationship of past and future participation in delinquency (1991) Criminology, 29, pp. 163-190; Nagin, D.S., Smith, D.A., Participation in and frequency of delinquent behavior: A test for structural differences (1990) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 6, pp. 335-356; Nielsen, A.L., Testing Sampson and Laub's life course theory: Age, race/ethnicity, and drunkenness (1999) Deviant Behavior, 20, pp. 129-151; Paternoster, R., Decisions to participate in and desist from four types of common delinquency: Deterrence and the rational choice perspective (1989) Law and Society Review, 23, pp. 7-40; Paternoster, R., Triplett, R., Disaggregating self-reported delinquency and its implications for theory (1988) Criminology, 26, pp. 591-625; Paternoster, R., Brame, R., Farrington, D.P., On the relationship between adolescent and adult conviction frequencies (2001) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 17, pp. 201-225; Pezzin, L.E., Earning prospects, matching effects, and the decision to terminate a criminal career (1995) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 11, pp. 29-50; Rand, A., Transitional life events and desistance from delinquency and crime (1987) From Boy to Man, from Delinquency to Crime, , Marvin E. Wolfgang, Terrence P. Thornberry, and Robert M. Figlio (eds.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Rowe, D.C., Osgood, D.W., Nicewander, A.W., A latent trait approach to unifying criminal careers (1990) Criminology, 28, pp. 237-270; Schmidt, P., Witte, A.D., (1988) Predicting Recidivism Using Survival Models, , New York: Springer-Verlag; Shover, N., (1996) Great Pretenders: Pursuits and Careers of Persistent Thieves, , Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press; Shover, N., Thompson, C.Y., Age, differential expectations, and crime desistance (1992) Criminology, 30, pp. 89-104; Sommers, I., Baskin, D.R., Fagan, J., Getting out of the life: Crime desistance by female street offenders (1994) Deviant Behavior, 15, pp. 125-149; Smith, D.A., Brame, R., On the initiation and continuation of delinquency (1994) Criminology, 32, pp. 607-629; Tracy, P., Wolfgang, M., Figlio, R.M., (1990) Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, , New York: Plenum Press; Uggen, C., Kruttschnitt, C., Crime in the breaking: Gender differences in desistance (1998) Law and Society Review, 32, pp. 339-366; Uggen, C., Piliavin, I., Asymmetrical causation and criminal desistance (1998) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 88, pp. 1399-1422; Warr, M., Life-course transitions and desistance from crime (1998) Criminology, 36, pp. 183-215; Weitkamp, E.G.M., Kerner, H.-J., Epilogue: Workshop and plenary discussions, and future directions (1994) Cross-National Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior, , Elmar G.M. Weitekamp and Hans-Jurgen Kerner (eds.). Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic; Winship, C., Editor's introduction to the special issue on the Bayesian Information Criterion (1999) Sociological Methods and Research, 27, pp. 355-358 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1142265576&partnerID=40&md5=740a7d1b26878ad145245252bd073469 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The long-run labour market consequences of teenage motherhood in Britain T2 - Journal of Population Economics J2 - J. Popul. Econ. VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 323 EP - 343 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1007/s001480200125 SN - 09331433 (ISSN) AU - Chevalier, A. AU - Viitanen, T.K. AD - Inst. for the Study of Social Change, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland AD - Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom AB - Common wisdom states that teenage childbearing reduces schooling, labour market experience and adult wages. However, the decisions to be a teenage mother, to quit school, and be less attached to the labour market might all stem from some personal or family characteristics. Using the National Child Development Study (NCDS), we find that in Britain teenage childbearing decreases the probability of post-16 schooling by 12-24%, Employment experience is reduced by up to three years, and the adult pay differential ranges from 5% to 22%. The negative impact of teen motherhood on various adult outcomes is not only due to some pre-motherhood characteristics; hence policies aiming to encourage return to school and participation in the labour market may be an efficient way to reduce the longterm consequences of teenage pregnancy. KW - Schooling decisions KW - Teenage pregnancy KW - Wages N1 - Cited By :58 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Chevalier, A.; Inst. for the Study of Social Change, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; email: arnaud.chevalier@ucd.ie N1 - References: Angrist, J., Evans, W., Schooling and labor market consequences of the 1970 state abortion reforms (1999) Research in Labor Economics, 18, pp. 75-114; Becker, G., (1976) The Economic Approach to Human Behavior, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Bronars, S., Grogger, J., The economic consequences of unwed motherhood: Using twin births as a natural experiment (1994) The American Economic Review, 84 (5), pp. 1141-1156; Cameron, S., Taber, C., (2000) Borrowing Constraints and the Returns to Schooling, , National Bureau of Economic Research, WP No. 7761; Card, D., The causal effect of education on earnings (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3. , Ashenfelter O, Card D (eds), Eisevier, Amsterdam; Cheesbrough, S., (2000) Young Motherhood: Family Transmission or Family Transitions?, , Southampton University, Mimeo; Eveleth, P., Timing of menarche: Secular trend and population differences (1986) School Age Pregnancy and Parenthood, , Lancaster J, Hamburg B (eds), JAI Press; Furstenberg, F., Brooks-Gunn, J., Morgan, P., (1987) Adolescent Mothers in Later Life, , Cambridge University Press; Geronimus, A., Korenman, S., The socioeconomic consequences of teen childbearing reconsidered (1992) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, pp. 1187-1214; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., Peterson, E., Outcomes for teens and young adults of adolescent parents (1997) Kids having Kids, , Maynard R (ed), Urban Institute Press, Washington; Heckman, J., Ichimura, H., Todd, P., Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme (1997) Review of Economic Studies, 64, pp. 605-654; Hobcraft, J., Kiernan, K., (1999) Childhood Poverty, Early Motherhood and Adult Social Exclusion, , CASE28, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Hoffman, S., Foster, M., Furstenberg F., Jr., Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing (1993) Demography, 30 (1), pp. 1-13; Hotz, J., McElroy, S., Sanders, S., Teenage childbearing and its life-cycle consequences: Exploiting a natural experiment (1999) National Bureau of Economic Research, , WP No. 7397; Joshi, H., Macran, S., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing and women's subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort (1996) Journal of Population Economics, 9, pp. 325-348; Joshi, H., Paci, P., Waldfogei, J., The wages of motherhood: Better or worse? (1999) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23, pp. 543-564; Kiernan, K., Becoming a young parent: A longitudinal study of associated factors (1997) British Journal of Sociology, 48 (3), pp. 406-428; Klepinger, D., Lundberg, S., Plotnick, R., Adolescent fertility and the educational attainment of young women (1995) Family Planning Perspectives, 27 (1), pp. 23-28; Klepinger, D., Lundberg, S., Plotnick, R., How does adolescent fertility affect the human capital and wages of young women? (1999) The Journal of Human Resources, 34 (3), pp. 421-448; Leibowitz, A., Eisen, M., Chow, W., An economic model of teenage pregnancy decisionmaking (1986) Demography, 23 (1), pp. 67-77; Levine, J., Pollack, H., Comfort, M., (2000) Academic and Behavioural Outcomes Among the Children of Young Mothers, , Joint Center on Poverty Research, WP 193, Northwestern University/University of Chicago; Manlove, J., Early motherhood in an intergenerational perspective: The experiences of a british cohort (1997) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, pp. 263-279; Micklewright, J., Stewart, K., Is the well-being of children converging in the european union (1999) The Economic Journal, 109 (459), pp. F692-F714; O'Donoghue, T., Rabin, M., Risky behavior among youths: Some issues from behavioral economics (2000) The Economic Analysis Of Risky Behavior Among Youths, , Gruber J (ed). The University of Chicago Press; Oettinger, G., The effects of sex education on teen sexual activity and teen pregnancy (1999) Journal of Political Economy, 107 (31), pp. 606-644; Olsen, R., Farkas, G., Endogenous covariates in duration models and the effect of adolescent childbirth on schooling (1989) The Journal of Human Resources, 24, pp. 39-53; (1995) Population Trends, (80). , Summer; Ribar, D., Teenage fertility and high school completion (1994) The Review of Economics and Statistics, 76 (3), pp. 413-424; Rosenbaum, P., Rubin, D., The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects (1983) Biometrika, 70, pp. 41-55; Rosenzweig, M., Wolpin, K., Sisters, siblings and mothers: The effect of teenage childbearing on birth outcomes in a dynamic family context (1995) Econometrica, 63, pp. 303-326; Smith, J., Todd, P., Reconciling conflicting evidence on the performance of propensity-score matching methods (2001) American Economic Review, 91, pp. 112-118; Smith, R., Blundell, R., An exogeneity test for a simultaneous equation tobit model with and application to labor supply (1986) Economeirica, 54, pp. 679-686; Tunali, I., A general structure for models of double-selection and an application to a joint migration/earnings process with remigration (1986) Research in Labor Economics, 8, pp. 235-282; Voydanoff, P., Donnelly, B., (1990) Adolescent Sexuality and Pregnancy, , Family Studies Text Series 12, Sage; Wolfe, B., Wilson, K., Haveman, R., The role of economic incentives in teenage nonmarital childbearing choices (2001) Journal of Public Economics, 81 (3), pp. 473-51; Wu, L., Martin, S., Long, D., Comparing data quality of fertility and first sexual intercourse histories (2001) Journal of Human Resources, 36, pp. 520-555 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038542172&doi=10.1007%2fs001480200125&partnerID=40&md5=1487dc851c5729a1c0ef5617646c94a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wider benefits of education: Skills, higher education and civic engagement T2 - Zeitschrift fur Padagogik J2 - Z. Padagog. VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 341 EP - 361 PY - 2003 SN - 00443247 (ISSN) AU - Bynner, J. AU - Schuller, T. AU - Feinstein, L. AD - Bedford Group, Wider Benefits of Lrng. Res. Center, Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom AD - Fac. of Cont. Education, Birkbeck, University of London, 26 Russel Square, London WC1H 0PD, United Kingdom AB - In this paper we do the following: First we describe the remit and programme of the University of London's Wider Benefits of Learning Research Centre, which studies the non-economic effects of learning, at individual but also collective level. We set out a theoretical framework for our programme, organised around three 'capitals': human capital, social capital, and identity capital. After that we report results drawn from two large-scale longitudinal data-sets. We use the data collected in the 1958 cohort study at ages 33 and 42 to assess the wider benefits of participating in any form of education over the period 33 to 42. This focusses on four clusters of outcomes: health; wellbeing; social attitudes; and political involvement. Additionally, we trace a variety of relationships, and discuss the issues involved in establishing causality. Our conclusion is that education is not so much an option for government but an absolute pre-requisite for the promotion of personal well-being and a cohesive society. N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bynner, J.; Bedford Group, Wider Benefits of Lrng. Res. Center, Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom N1 - References: Baron, S., Field, J., Schuller, T., (2000) Social Capital: Critical Perspectives, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Behrman, J., Stacey, N., (1997) The Social Benefits of Education, , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Blackwell, L., Bynner, J., Learning and family formation (2002) Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report, 4. , London: Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning; Brassett-Grundy, A., Parental perspectives of family learning (2002) Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report, 2. , London: Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Howlett, B.C., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five Year Olds, , Oxford: Pergammon; Bynner, J., Egerton, M., (2001) The Wider Benefits of Higher Education, , Bristol: HEFCE; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., (1997) It Doesn't Get Any Better, , London: Basic Skills Agency; Bynner, J., Steedman, J., (1995) Difficulties with Adult Basic Skills, , London: Basic Skills Agency; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990's: Getting On, Getting By, Getting Nowhere, , Aldershot: Ashgate Press; Bynner, J., McIntosh, A., Vignoles, A., Dearden, L., Van Resnen, J.V., Improving adult basic skills: Benefits to the individual and to society (2001) DfES Research Report RR251, , London: HMSO; Bynner, J., Dolton, P., Feinstein, L., Makepeace, J., Woods, L., (2002) Revisiting the Benefits of Higher Education, , HEFCE (mimeo); Côté, J., An empirical test of the identity capital model (1997) Journal of Adolescence, 20, pp. 577-597; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London: Longman in association with National Children's Bureau; (1998) The Learning Age: A Renaissance for A New Britain, , Green Paper. London: Stationery Office; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., (1994) The Basic Skills of Young Adults, , London: Basic Skills Agency; Eraut, M., Non-formal learning, implicit learning and tacit knowledge in professional work (2000) The Necessity of Informal Learning, pp. 12-31. , Coffield, F. (Ed.): Bristol: Policy Press; Feinstein, L., Quantitative estimates of the social benefits of learning, 1: Crime (2002) Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report, 5. , London: Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning; Feinstein, L., Hammand, C., Woods, L., Preston, J., Bynner, J., The effects of adult learning on health and social capitial and cohesion (2003) Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report, , London: Institute of Education Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Education; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33, , London: National Children's Bureau; Hammond, C., (2002) Learning to be Healthy, , Wider Benefits of Learning Papers No. 3. London: Institute of Education; Haveman, R.H., Wolf, B., Accounting for the social and non-market benefits of education (2002) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-Being, , Helliwell, J.: OECD/Human Resources, Canada. Vancouver: University of Columbia Press; James, K., (2000) Prescribing for Learning, , Leicester: NIACE; Parsons, S., Bynner, J., (1998) Influences on Adult Basic Skills, , London: Basic Skills Agency; Plewis, I., Preston, J., Evaluating the benefits of lifelong learning: A framework (2001) Wider Benefits of Learning Papers No. 2, 2. , London: Institute of Education; Preston, J., Hammond, C., The wider benefits of further education: Practitioner views (2002) Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report, 1. , London: Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning; Putnam, R., (2000) Bowling Alone, , New York: Simon/Schuster; Shepherd, P., The national child development study: An introduction to its origins and the methods of data collections (1997) NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 1, 1. , (revised). London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies; Schuller, T., Bynner, J., Measuring the benefits of learning: Theoretical and conceptual considerations (2001) ESREA Conference on Understanding and Monitoring the Consequences of Adult Learning, , Lisbon: ESREA; Schuller, T., Bynner, J., Green, A., Blackwell, L., Hammond, C., Preston, J., Gough, M., Modelling and measuring the wider benefits of learning: A synthesis (2001) Wider Benefits of Learning Papers No. 1, 1. , London: Institute of Education; Schuller, T., Brassett-Grundy, A., Green, A., Hammond, C., Preston, J., Learning, continuity and change in adult life (2002) Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report, 3. , London: Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning; Sen, A., (1992) Inequality Re-Examined, , Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University; Sen, A., (1999) Development as Freedom, , Oxford: University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038796891&partnerID=40&md5=fc5c777f79503e8bc3395290aed71c69 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: The Bogalusa heart study T2 - BMC Pediatrics J2 - BMC Pediatr. VL - 3 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1186/1471-2431-3-3 SN - 14712431 (ISSN) AU - Freedman, D.S. AU - Kettel Khan, L. AU - Serdula, M.K. AU - Dietz, W.H. AU - Srinivasan, S.R. AU - Berenson, G.S. AD - Div. of Nutrition/Physical Activity, Centers for Dis. Control/Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States AD - Tulane Center for Cardiovasc. Health, Tulane University, Sch. of Public Health/Tropical Med., New Orleans, LA, United States AB - Background: Several studies have shown that girls who undergo menarche at a relatively young age tend to be more obese as adults. However, because childhood (pre-menarcheal) levels of weight and height are associated with an earlier menarche, the increased prevalence of adult obesity among early maturers may largely reflect the persistence of childhood obesity into adulthood. Methods: We examined these interrelationships among 1179 girls (65% white, 35% black) who were examined as children (mean age, 9 y), adolescents, and adults (mean age, 26 y) in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Results: Both white and black women who reported that they underwent menarche before age 12 y had, on average, higher adult levels of weight (+10 kg), body mass index (BMI, +4 kg/m2) and skinfold thicknesses (+6 mm) than did women who underwent menarche after age 13.5 y. However, relatively fat children tended to undergo menarche earlier than did thinner children, with each standard deviation increase in pre-menarcheal BMI increasing the odds of early menarche (<12 y) by approximately 2-fold. Stratified and regression analyses indicated that (1) adult obesity was more strongly associated with childhood obesity than with menarcheal age, and (2) about 60% to 75% of the apparent effect of menarcheal age was due to the influence of childhood obesity on both menarcheal age and adult obesity. Conclusions: Although additional longitudinal studies are needed, it is likely that the importance of early menarche in adult obesity has been overestimated. Most of apparent influence of menarcheal age on adult obesity is attributable to the association of childhood obesity with both menarcheal age and adult obesity. © 2003 Freedman et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. KW - Adult KW - Childhood KW - Females KW - Longitudinal KW - Menarche KW - Obesity KW - Puberty KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - childhood KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - menarche KW - obesity KW - prevalence KW - regression analysis KW - school child KW - sexual maturation KW - skinfold thickness KW - United States N1 - Cited By :57 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C7 - 3 N1 - CODEN: BPMEB LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Freedman, D.S.; Div. of Nutrition/Physical Activity, Centers for Dis. Control/Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; email: DFreedman@cdc.gov N1 - References: Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Rosenberg, K.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 43, pp. 879-883; Sharma, K., Talwar, I., Sharma, N., Age at menarche in relation to adult body size and physique (1988) Ann. Hum. Biol., 15, pp. 431-434; Wellens, R., Malina, R.M., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S., Siervogel, R., Body size and fatness in young adults in relation to age at menarche (1992) Am. J. Hum. Biol., 4, pp. 783-787; St George, I.M., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Body size and the menarche: The Dunedin Study (1994) J. Adolesc. Health, 15, pp. 573-576; Helm, P., Munster, K., Schmidt, L., Recalled menarche in relation to infertility and adult weight and height (1995) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 74, pp. 718-722; van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, C.G., van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 64, pp. 18-24; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1094-1101; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Jarvelin, M.R., Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity (2001) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 74, pp. 287-294; Biro, F.M., McMahon, R.P., Striegel-Moore, R., Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (2001) J. Pediatr., 138, pp. 636-643; Okasha, M., McCarron, P., McEwen, J., Smith, G.D., Age at menarche: Secular trends and association with adult anthropometric measures (2001) Ann. Hum. Biol., 28, pp. 68-78; Frisancho, A.R., Housh, C.H., The relationship of maturity rate to body size and body proportions in children and adults (1988) Hum. Biol., 60, pp. 759-770; Must, A., Phillips, S.M., Naumova, E.N., Recall of early menstrual history and menarcheal body size: After 30 years, how well do women remember? (2002) Am. J. Epidemiol., 155, pp. 672-679; Jaruratanasirikul, S., Mo-suwan, L., Lebel, L., Growth pattern and age at menarche of obese girls in a transitional society (1997) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 10, pp. 487-490; Koprowski, C., Ross, R.K., Mack, W.J., Henderson, B.E., Bernstein, L., Diet, body size and menarche in a multiethnic cohort (1999) Br. J. Cancer, 79, pp. 1907-1911; Freedman, D.S., Kettel Khan, L., Serdula, M.K., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2002) Pediatrics, 110, pp. E43. , http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/reprint/110/4/e43.pdf; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev. Med., 22, pp. 167-177; Freedman, D.S., Kettel-Khan, L., Serdula, M.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Secular trends in height among children over two decades: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2000) Arch. Ped. Adolescent Med., 154, pp. 155-161; Berenson, G.S., (1980) Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children, , ed New York: Oxford University Press; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., CDC growth charts: United States (2000) Adv. Data, 314, pp. 1-27. , http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts; Ogden, C.L., Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: Improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 45-60; Cleveland, W.S., (1985) The Elements of Graphing Data, pp. 170-178. , Monterey, CA: Wadsworth Advanced Books and Software; Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Ogden, C.L., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000 (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1723-1727; Carlsson, B., Ankarberg, C., Rosberg, S., Norjavaara, E., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Carlsson, L.M., Serum leptin concentrations in relation to pubertal development (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 396-400; Matkovic, V., Ilich, J.Z., Skugor, M., Leptin is inversely related to age at menarche in human females (1997) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, pp. 3239-3245; Moschos, S., Chan, J.L., Mantzoros, C.S., Leptin and reproduction: A review (2002) Fertil. Steril., 77, pp. 433-444; Post, G.B., Kemper, H.C., Nutrient intake and biological maturation during adolescence. The Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study (1993) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 47, pp. 400-408; Freedman, D.S., Kettel-Khan, L., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Black / white differences in overweight and obesity among girls: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2000) Prev. Med., 30, pp. 234-243; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 59, pp. 955-959; Kimm, S.Y., Obarzanek, E., Childhood obesity: A new pandemic of the new millennium (2002) Pediatrics, 110, pp. 1003-1007; Herman-Giddens, M.E., Slora, E.J., Wasserman, R.C., Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: A study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 505-512; Chumlea, W.C., Schubert, C.M., Roche, A.F., Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 110-113; Forbes, G.B., Body size and composition of perimenarchal girls (1992) Am. J. Dis. Child, 146, pp. 63-66; Frisch, R.E., Revelle, R., Height and weight at menarche and a hypothesis of critical body weights and adolescent events (1970) Science, 169, pp. 397-399; Kaplowitz, P.B., Slora, E.J., Wasserman, R.C., Pedlow, S.E., Herman-Giddens, M.E., Earlier onset of puberty in girls: Relation to increased body mass index and race (2001) Pediatrics, 108, pp. 347-353; Ellison, P.T., Skeletal growth, fatness and menarcheal age: A comparison of two hypotheses (1982) Hum. Biol., 54, pp. 269-281; Moisan, J., Meyer, F., Gingras, S., A nested case-control study of the correlates of early menarche (1990) Am. J. Epidemiol., 132, pp. 953-961; Freedman, D.S., Kettel Khan, L., Mei, Z., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of childhood height to obesity among adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. e23. , http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/2/e23; Koprowski, C., Coates, R.J., Bernstein, L., Ability of young women to recall past body size and age at menarche (2001) Obes. Res., 9, pp. 478-485; Koo, M.M., Rohan, T.E., Accuracy of short-term recall of age at menarche (1997) Ann. Hum. Biol., 24, pp. 61-64; Ogden, C.L., Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000 (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1728-1732 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2642566131&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2431-3-3&partnerID=40&md5=520d693ddb79edea1f46de7bf6f46b15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting obesity in early adulthood from childhood and parental obesity T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 505 EP - 513 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802251 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Magarey, A.M. AU - Daniels, L.A. AU - Boulton, T.J. AU - Cockington, R.A. AD - Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, Flinders University of SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia AD - Sch. of Med. Pract./Pop. Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia AD - Dept. Child/Adol. N., Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia AD - Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, Flinders University, PO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of tracking of adiposity from childhood to early adulthood, and the risk of overweight in early adulthood associated with overweight in childhood and parental weight status in a cohort of children born in the mid-1970s. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. SUBJECTS: Approximately 155 healthy boys and girls born in Adelaide, South Australia, 1975-1976 and their parents. MEASUREMENTS: Height and weight of subjects at 2y, annually from 4 to 8y, biennially from 11 to 15y and at 20y, and of parents when subjects were aged 8y. Body mass index (BMI) of subjects converted to standard deviation scores and prevalence of overweight and obesity determined using worldwide definitions. Parents classified as overweight if BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Tracking estimated as Pearson's correlation coefficient. Risk ratio used to describe the association between weight status at each age and parental weight status and weight status at 20y and weight status at each earlier age, both unadjusted and adjusted for parental weight status. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased with age and was higher than that reported in international reference populations. Tracking of BMI was established from 6y onwards to 20y at r-values >0.6, suggesting that BMI from 6y is a good indicator of later BMI. Tracking was stronger for shorter intervals and for those subjects with both parents overweight compared with those with only one or neither parent overweight. Weight status at an earlier age was a more important predictor of weight status at 20y than parental weight status, and risk of overweight at 20y increased further with increasing weight status of parents. CONCLUSION: Strategies for prevention of overweight and targeted interventions for prevention of the progression of overweight to obesity are urgently required in school-aged children in order to stem the epidemic of overweight in the adult population. KW - Body mass index KW - Child to adult tracking KW - Parent KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - article KW - Australia KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - disease activity KW - disease course KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - parent KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Assessment N1 - Cited By :314 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 12664084 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Magarey, A.M.; Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, Flinders University, PO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; email: anthea.magarey@flinders.edu.au N1 - References: (1998) Obesity. Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , World Health Organization: Geneva; Dietz, W.H., Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. 518-525; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurements and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pape, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Trudeau, F., Shephard, R.J., Arsenault, F., Laurencelle, L., Changes in adiposity and body mass index from late childhood to adult life in the Trois-Rivieres Study (2001) Am J Hum Biol, 13, pp. 349-355; Guillaume, M., Lapidus, L., Beckers, F., Lambert, A., Bjorntorp, P., Familial trends of obesity through three generations: The Belgian-Luxembourg child study (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. S5-S9; Burke, V., Beilin, L.J., Dunbar, D., Family lifestyle and parental body mass index as predictors of body mass index in Australian children: A longitudinal study (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 147-157; Bellizzi, M.C., Dietz, W.H., Workshop on childhood obesity: Summary of the discussion (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 173S-175S; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Magarey, A.M., Daniels, L.A., Boulton, T.J.C., Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents. Assessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard worldwide definitions (2001) Med J Aust, 174, pp. 561-564; Magarey, A.M., Boulton, T.J.C., Food intake during childhood: Percentiles of food energy, macronutrient and selected micronutrients from infancy to eight years of age (1987) Med J Aust, 147, pp. 124-127; Magarey, A.M., Boulton, T.J.C., The Adelaide Nutrition Study. 1. Food energy intake through adolescence: Including an evaluation of under-recording, age and sex differences (1994) Aust J Nutr Diet, 51, pp. 104-110; Boulton, T.J.C., Nutrition in childhood and its relationship to early somatic growth, body fat, blood pressure and physical fitness (1981) Acta Paediatr Scand, 284 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-85. , (Suppl); Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies of British children, 1974-94 (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 24-26; Flegal, K.M., Ogden, C.L., Wei, R., Kuczmarski, R.L., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence of overweight in US children: Comparison of US growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with other reference values for body mass index (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 73, pp. 1086-1093; Magarey, A.M., Daniels, L.A., Comparison of Australian and US data on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (2001) Med J Aust, 175, pp. 500-501; McLennan, W., Podger, A., (1998) National Nutrition Survey Nutrient Intakes and Physical Measurements, , Australian Goverment Publishing Service: Canberra; Casey, V., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Altman, D.G., (1991) Practical Statistics for Medical Research, , Chapman & Hall/CRC: London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037398107&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0802251&partnerID=40&md5=ebdba2434251a6df1338ba3ebb0d32d8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does overweight in childhood have an impact on adult health? T2 - Nutrition Reviews J2 - Nutr. Rev. VL - 61 IS - 4 SP - 139 EP - 142 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1301/nr.2003.apr.139-142 SN - 00296643 (ISSN) AU - Must, A. AD - Dept. of Fam. Med. and Comm. Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States AB - The consequences of overweight in childhood, including persistence into adulthood and as a risk factor for adverse health consequences, are of substantial concern given the recent upward trend in prevalence. A recent report on an historic cohort - a British 1947 birth cohort - is largely consistent with previous estimates of persistence of overweight. Long-term health consequences of obesity were not demonstrable in this study, likely owing to the small numbers of subjects who were overweight during post-World War II Britain. © 2003 International Life Sciences Institute. KW - anthropometry KW - body mass KW - cardiovascular risk KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - dyslipidemia KW - human KW - hypertension KW - insulin resistance KW - mortality KW - obesity KW - prevalence KW - short survey KW - United Kingdom KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - cardiovascular disease KW - child KW - female KW - health status KW - male KW - metabolic syndrome X KW - middle aged KW - obesity KW - review KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Child KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Metabolic Syndrome X KW - Middle Aged KW - Obesity N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Short Survey DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NUREA C2 - 12795448 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Must, A.; Dept. of Fam. Med. and Comm. Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States N1 - References: Rich-Edwards, J.W., Goldman, M.B., Willett, W.C., Adolescent body mass index and infertility caused by ovulatory disorder (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 171, pp. 171-177; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Women's reproductive health: The role of body mass index in early and adult life (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 432-438; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Vanhala, M.J., Vanhala, P.T., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S.M., Kumpusalo, E.A., Takala, J.K., Relative weight gain and obesity as a child predict metabolic syndrome as an adult (1999) Int J Obes, 23, pp. 656-659; Nieto, F.J., Szklo, M., Comstock, G., Childhood weight and growth rate as predictors of adult mortality (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 201-213; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Wright, C.M., Parker, L., Lamont, D., Craft, A.W., Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: Findings from thousand families cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1280-1284; Childhood overweight does not lead to adult fatness (2001) BMJ, p. 323; Braddon, F.E.M., Rodgers, B., Wadworth, M.E.J., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 299-303; Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Two-decade follow-up of fatness in early childhood (1985) Am J Dis Child, 139, pp. 181-185; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 years (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1959 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Takaishi, M., Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children, 1965. I (1966) Arch Dis Child, 41, pp. 454-471; Vitetta, L., Sall, A., Mrazek, L., A delay in the onset of obesity? (Electronic rapid response) (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1280-1284; Freedman, D.S., Shear, C.L., Burke, G.L., Persistence of juvenile-onset obesity over eight years: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 588-592; Charney, E., Goodman, H.C., McBride, M., Lyon, B., Pratt, R., Childhood antecedents of adult obesity (Do chubby infants become obese adults?) (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 6-9; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Guo, S., Wu, W., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence (2002) Am J Clin Nutr, 76, pp. 653-658; Barlow, S.E., Dietz, W.H., Klish, W.J., Trowbridge, F.L., Medical evaluation of overweight children and adolescents: Reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians (2002) Pediatrics, 110, pp. 222-228; Rimm, I.J., Rimm, A.A., Association between juvenile onset obesity and severe adult obesity in 73, 532 women (1976) Am J Public Health, 66, pp. 479-481; Ogden, C.L., Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000 (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1728-1732; (1998) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases; Flegal, K.M., Troiano, R.P., Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population (2000) Int J Obes, 24, pp. 807-818; Hoffmans, M.D.A.F., Kromhout, D., Coulander, C.D., Body mass index at the age of 18 and its effects on 32 year mortality from coronary heart disease and cancer (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 513-520; Paffenbarger, R.S., Wolf, P.A., Notkin, J., Thorne, M.C., Chronic disease in former college students: Early precursors of fatal coronary heart disease (1966) Am J Epidemiol, 83, pp. 314-328; Sorensen, T.I.A., Sonne-Holm, S., Mortality in extremely overweight young men (1977) J Chronic Dis, 30, pp. 359-367; Freedman, D.S., Serdula, M.K., Kettel Khan, L., The adult health consequences of childhood obesity (2002) Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence, pp. 63-82. , Chen C, Dietz WH, eds. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0041384522&doi=10.1301%2fnr.2003.apr.139-142&partnerID=40&md5=e3784ce5e90b9dbfaed0ff7c14b73717 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Longitudinal trends of hemoglobin levels in a Japanese population - RERF's adult health study subjects T2 - European Journal of Haematology J2 - Eur. J. Haematol. VL - 70 IS - 3 SP - 129 EP - 135 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2003.00031.x SN - 09024441 (ISSN) AU - Yamada, M. AU - Wong, F.L. AU - Suzuki, G. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Statistics, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-4 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AB - Conflicting results have been reported on the long-term relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) level and age. We analyzed that relationship over a 40-yr period in a Japanese population, adjusting for the effects of sex, birth cohort, smoking, and anemia-associated diseases. We used Hb levels measured biennially between 1958 and 1998 for 4858 Adult Health Study subjects of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Using the mixed-effects model, we showed that the aging Hb profile varied by sex (P < 0.001) and birth cohort (P < 0.001). Male Hb levels peaked in the third and fourth decades and then decreased while female Hb levels dipped slightly in the third decade, peaked in the sixth and seventh, and then decreased. Levels were higher in younger cohorts. The rate of Hb decline after the sixth decade of life was greater for subjects with anemia-associated diseases (P = 0.002). The annual rate of decline between 70 and 80 yr of age for disease-free men ranged from 0.083 to 0.042 g/dL and for disease-free women from 0.049 to 0.036 g/dL. Levels were higher for ever-smokers (P < 0.001), more so for women than men. A decreasing trend in Hb concentration with advancing age was detected for elderly men and women after controlling for anemia-associated diseases, suggesting that anemia in the elderly is due not only to disease but also to aging. Cohort and smoking effects on Hb levels were also observed. KW - Aging KW - Hemoglobin KW - Japanese KW - Longitudinal study KW - Population study KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - aging KW - anemia KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - hemoglobin determination KW - human KW - Japan KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - radiation exposure KW - radiation response KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Aging KW - Anemia KW - Female KW - Hemoglobins KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJHAE C2 - 12605656 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-4 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: yamada@rerf.or.jp N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Hemoglobins N1 - References: Milman, N., Kirchhoff, M., Jorgensen, T., Iron status markers, serum ferritin and hemoglobin in 1359 Danish women in relation to menstruation, hormonal contraception, parity, and postmenopausal hormone treatment (1992) Ann Hematol, 65, pp. 96-102; Salive, M.E., Cornoni-Huntley, J., Guralnik, J.M., Anemia and hemoglobin levels in older persons: Relationship with age, gender, and health status (1992) J Am Geriatr Soc, 40, pp. 489-496; Timiras, M.L., Brownstein, H., Prevalence of anemia and correlation of hemoglobin with age in a geriatric screening clinic population (1987) J Am Geriatr Soc, 35, pp. 639-643; Ohhara, Y., Sakurada, K., Miyazaki, T., Sugimura, I., Longitudinal assessment of hematological parameters in the elderly (1994) Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi, 31, pp. 548-553; Murai, Y., Diagnosis therapy of anemia in the elderly (1999) Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi, 88, pp. 1048-1053; Takasaki, M., Tsurumi, N., Konjiki, O., Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of anemia in the elderly (1997) Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi, 34, pp. 171-179; Kario, K., Matsuo, T., Fuji, S., Kobayashi, H., Asada, R., Decline of hemoglobin is accelerated in older subjects with a high lipoprotein (a) concentration (1996) J Am Geriatr Soc, 44, pp. 883-884; Woo, J., Arumanayagam, M., Ho, S.C., Swaminathan, R., Hematological indices and the prevalence of anemia in an elderly Chinese population (1989) Pathology, 21, pp. 31-34; Cristy, M., Active bone marrow distribution as a function of age in humans (1981) Phys Med Biol, 26, pp. 389-400; Takasaki, M., Tsurumi, N., Harada, M., Pathology and treatment of anemia in the elderly (1999) Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi, 36, pp. 323-327; Ricci, C., Cova, M., Kang, Y.S., Normal age-related patterns of cellular and fatty bone marrow distribution in the axial skeleton: MR imaging study (1990) Radiology, 177, pp. 83-88; Joosten, E., Van Hove, L., Lesaffre, E., Serum erythropoietin levels in elderly inpatients with anemia of chronic disorders and iron deficiency anemia (1993) J Am Geriatr Soc, 41, pp. 1301-1304; Kirkeby, O.J., Fossum, S., Risoe, C., Anaemia in elderly patients. Incidence and causes of low haemoglobin concentration in a city general practice (1991) Scand J Prim Health Care, 9, pp. 167-171; Joosten, E., Pelemans, W., Hiele, M., Noyen, J., Verhaeghe, R., Boogaerts, M.A., Prevalence causes of anaemia in a geriatric hospitalized population (1992) Gerontology, 38, pp. 111-117; Pieroni, L., Foglietti, M.J., Andreux, J.P., Albou, D., Nafziger, J., Factors involved in the anaemia of chronic disorders in elderly patients (1997) Gerontology, 43, pp. 326-334; Nilsson-Ehle, H., Jagenburg, R., Landahl, S., Svanborg, A., Westin, J., Decline of blood haemoglobin in the aged: A longitudinal study of an urban Swedish population from age 70 to 81 (1989) Br J Haematol, 71, pp. 437-442; Nilsson-Ehle, H., Jagenburg, R., Landahl, S., Svanborg, A., Blood haemoglobin declines in the elderly: Implications for reference intervals from age 70 to 88 (2000) Eur J Haematol, 65, pp. 297-305; Vlassov, V.V., Changes in blood hemoglobin concentration of middle-aged healthy men (1999) Mil Med, 164, pp. 311-315; Cresanta, J.L., Croft, J.B., Webber, L.S., Nicklas, T.A., Berenson, G.S., Racial difference in hemoglobin concentration of young adults (1987) Prev Med, 16, pp. 659-669; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1986 (1993) Radiat Res, 135, pp. 418-430; (1968) Nutritional Anaemia: Report of a WHO Scientific Group, , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; (1987) Journal of Health and Welfare Statistics, 9, pp. 97-98. , Tokyo: Health and Welfare Statistics Association: Series 44; (2002) Journal of Health and Welfare Statistics, 9, pp. 82-83. , Tokyo: Health and Welfare Statistics Association: Series 49; Cnaan, A., Laird, N.M., Slasor, P., Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data (1997) Stat Med, 16, pp. 2349-2380; (2001) MLwiN (Computer Program) Version 1.10.0007, , London: Institute of Education, University of London; Yamada, M., Wong, F.L., Kodama, K., Sasaki, H., Shimaoka, K., Yamakido, M., Longitudinal trends in total serum cholesterol levels in a Japanese cohort, 1958-1986 (1997) J Clin Epidemiol, 50, pp. 425-434; Fischbacher, C., Bhopal, R., Patel, S., White, M., Unwin, N., Alberti, K.G., Anaemia in Chinese South Asian, and European populations in Newcastle upon Tyne: Cross sectional study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 958-959; Maeda, M., Yamamoto, M., Yamauchi, K., Prevalence of anemia in Japanese adolescents: 30 Years' experience in screening for anemia (1999) Int J Hematol, 69, pp. 75-80; Hallberg, L., Hulten, L., Lindstedt, G., Prevalence of iron deficiency in Swedish adolescents (1993) Pediatr Res, 34, pp. 680-687; (1991) National Nutrition Survey, , Tokyo: Daiichi Shuppan Publishers; Nordenberg, D., Yip, R., Binkin, N.J., The effect of cigarette smoking on hemoglobin levels and anemia screening (1990) JAMA, 264, pp. 1556-1559; Rodger, R.S., Fletcher, K., Fail, B.J., Rahman, H., Sviland, L., Hamilton, P.J., Factors influencing haematological measurements in healthy adults (1987) J Chronic Dis, 40, pp. 943-947; Aitchison, R., Russell, N., Smoking - A major cause of polycythaemia (1988) J R Soc Med, 81, pp. 89-91; Chan-Yeung, M., Ferreira, P., Frohlich, J., Schulzer, M., Tan, F., The effects of age, smoking, and alcohol on routine laboratory tests (1981) Am J Clin Pathol, 75, pp. 320-326; Green, M.S., Harari, G., A prospective study of the effects of changes in smoking habits on blood count, serum lipids and lipoproteins, body weight and blood pressure in occupationally active men. The Israeli CORDIS Study (1995) J Clin Epidemiol, 48, pp. 1159-1166; Gold, E.B., Bromberger, J., Crawford, S., Factors associated with age at natural menopause in a multiethnic sample of midlife women (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 865-874; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status and the menopausal transition in a British national cohort (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 845-851; Cooper, G.S., Sandler, D.P., Bohlig, M., Active passive smoking and the occurrence of natural menopause (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 771-773; Milman, N., Byg, K.E., Mulvad, G., Pedersen, H.S., Bjerregaard, P., Haemoglobin concentrations appear to be lower in indigenous Greenlanders than in Danes: Assessment of haemoglobin in 234 Greenlanders and in 2804 Danes (2001) Eur J Haematol, 67, pp. 23-29 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037799351&doi=10.1034%2fj.1600-0609.2003.00031.x&partnerID=40&md5=99c6a609a6daa1607ebe4b450bfa3af8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Association between dementia and midlife risk factors: The radiation effects research foundation Adult Health Study T2 - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society J2 - J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 410 EP - 414 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51117.x SN - 00028614 (ISSN) AU - Yamada, M. AU - Kasagi, F. AU - Sasaki, H. AU - Masunari, N. AU - Mimori, Y. AU - Suzuki, G. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Statistics, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Third Dept. of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima Univ. School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Hiroshima Atom. Bomb Casualty Cncl., Health Promotion Center, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-815, Japan AB - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between midlife risk factors and the development of vascular dementia (VaD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) 25 to 30 years later. DESIGN: A prevalence study within a longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Subjects in the Adult Health Study (a prospective cohort study begun in 1958) have been followed through biennial medical examinations in Hiroshima, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seven hundred seventy-four subjects in Hiroshima, Japan born before September 1932 (1,660 with no dementia, 114 with dementia (51 with AD, and 38 with VaD) diagnosed from 1992 to 1997 according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria). MEASUREMENTS: The subjects were examined for effect on dementia of sex, age, education, atomic bomb radiation dose, and midlife factors associated with risk (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, dietary habits, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index, and history of diabetes mellitus) that had been evaluated in 1965-1970. RESULTS: VaD prevalence increased significantly with age, higher SBP, and lower milk intake. The odds ratios of VaD for age (in 5-year increments), SBP (10 mmHg increments), and milk intake (almost daily/less than four times a week) were 1.29, 1.33, and 0.35, respectively. The risk factors for VaD were compatible with the risk factors for stroke in this study population. AD prevalence increased significantly with age and lower education. Other midlife factors and radiation dose did not show any significant association with VaD or AD. CONCLUSION: Increased SBP and low milk intake in midlife were associated with VaD detected 25 to 30 years later. Early behavioral control of the risk factors for vascular disease might reduce the risk of dementia. KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - Midlife risk factors KW - Vascular dementia KW - academic achievement KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - alcohol consumption KW - Alzheimer disease KW - article KW - atomic bomb KW - body mass KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - diabetes mellitus KW - evaluation KW - feeding behavior KW - female KW - gender KW - health KW - human KW - Japan KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical examination KW - medical research KW - milk level KW - multiinfarct dementia KW - non profit organization KW - physical activity KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - prospective study KW - psychiatric diagnosis KW - radiation dose KW - radiation response KW - risk factor KW - smoking KW - statistical significance KW - stroke KW - systolic blood pressure KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Dementia KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Prevalence KW - Radiation Injuries KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :151 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JAGSA C2 - 12588587 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-815, Japan; email: yamada@rerf.or.jp N1 - References: Ritchie, K., Kildea, D., Robine, M., The relationship between age and the prevalence of senile dementia: A meta-analysis of recent data (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 763-769; Yoshitake, T., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a defined elderly Japanese population: The Hisayama Study (1995) Neurology, 45, pp. 1161-1168; Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Mimori, Y., Prevalence and risks of dementia in the Japanese population: RERF's Adult Health Study Hiroshima subjects (1999) J Am Geriatr Soc, 47, pp. 189-195; Kokmen, E., Whisnant, J.P., O'Fallon, W.M., Dementia after ischemic stroke: A population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota (1960-1984) (1996) Neurology, 19, pp. 154-159; Takeya, Y., Poppet, J.S., Shimizu, Y., Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: Incidence of stroke in Japan and Hawaii (1984) Stroke, 15, pp. 15-23; Snowdon, D.A., Greiner, L.H., Mottimet, J.A., Brain infatction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease. The Nun Study (1997) JAMA, 277, pp. 813-817; Skoog, I., Lernfelt, B., Landahi, S., 15-Year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1141-1145; Leibson, C.L., Rocca, W.A., Hanson, V.A., Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 301-308; Curb, J.D., Rodrigues, B.L., Abbott, R.D., Longitudinal association of vascular and Alzheimer's dementias, diabetes, and glucose tolerance (1999) Neurology, 52, pp. 971-975; Launer, L.J., Andersen, K., Dewey, M.E., Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Results from EURODEM pooled analyses (1999) Neurology, 52, pp. 78-84; Smith, A.L., Cole, R., Smyth, K.A., The protective effects of physical exercise on the development of Alzheimer's disease (1998) Neurology, 50, pp. 89-90; Brenner, D.E., Kukull, W.A., Van Belle, G., Relationship between cigarette smoking and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based case-control study (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. 293-300; White, L.R., Petrovitch, H., Ross, W., Brain aging and midlife tofu consumption (2000) J Am College Nutr, 19, pp. 1-13; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-86 (1993) Radiat Res, 135, pp. 418-430; Teng, E., Hasegawa, K., Homma, A., The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): A practical test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia (1994) Int Psychogeriatr, 6, pp. 45-48; Larson, E.B., McCurry, S.M., Graves, A.B., Standardization of the clinical diagnosis of the dementia syndrome and its subtypes in a cross-national study: The Ni-Hon Sea experience (1998) J Gerontol A Biol Szi Med Sci, 53 A, pp. 313-319; Kannel, W.B., Sorlie, P., Some health benefit of physical activity (1979) Arch Intern Med, 139, pp. 857-861; Roesh, W.C., (1987) Final Report on the Reassessment of Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , Hiroshima: RERF; Erkinjuntti, T., Hachinski, V., Rethinking vascular dementia (1993) Cerebrovasc Dis, 3, pp. 3-23; Van Swieten, J.C., Geyskes, O.G., Derixm, M.A., Hypertension in the elderly is associated with white matter lesion and cognitive decline (1991) Ann Neurol, 30, pp. 825-830; Ross, G.W., Pettovitch, H., White, L.R., Characterization of risk factors for vascular dementia. The Honolulu Asia Aging Study (1999) Utology, 53, pp. 337-343; Tillotson, J., Kato, H., Nichaman, M., Epidemiological study of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii, and California. Methodology for comparison of diet (1973) Am J Clin Nutr, 26, pp. 177-184; Kinio, Y., Beral, V., Akiba, S., Possible protective effect of milk, meat and fish for cerebrovascular disease mortality in Japan (1999) J Epidemiol, 9, pp. 268-274; Swan, G.E., DeCarli, C., Miller, B.L., Association of midlife blood pressure to late-life cognitive decline and brain morphology (1998) Neurology, 51, pp. 986-993; Bots, M.L., Van Swieten, J.C., Breteler, M.B., Cerebral white matter lesions and atherosclerosis in the Rotterdam Study (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1232-1237 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344837411&doi=10.1046%2fj.1532-5415.2003.51117.x&partnerID=40&md5=53351e1c813e00764bf773278bb26010 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What predicts fathers' involvement with their children? a prospective study of intact families T2 - British Journal of Developmental Psychology J2 - Br. J. Dev. Psychol. VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 98 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1348/026151003321164636 SN - 0261510X (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AU - Buchanan, A. AD - Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study used longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study to explore factors associated with aspects of fathers' involvement with their children at age 7, 11 and 16 years in intact families. Father involvement was predicted by different factors at different ages but generally it was continuous and multidimensional, and strongly associated with mother involvement. Low parental socio-economic status and child behaviour problems were negatively related to father involvement at age 7. With older children, father involvement was inversely related to family size and poor school performance. Financial difficulties in the family were not related to father involvement at either age. Domestic tension was negatively related to certain aspects of fathers' involvement with younger children. Father's education was generally related to father's involvement but maternal employment was only related to low father-interest in child's education at age 7 and 11 years. © 2003 The British Psychological Society. N1 - Cited By :45 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; Barnett, R.C., Marshall, N.L., Pleck, J.H., Adult-son parent relationships and their associations with sons' psychological distress (1992) Journal of Family Issues, 13, pp. 505-525; Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A., The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, pp. 1173-1182; Belsky, J., Parent, infant, and social-contextual antecedents of father-son attachment security (1996) Developmental Psychology, 32, pp. 905-913; Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, S., Bradley, R.H., Hofferth, S., Lamb, M.E., Fatherhood in the twenty-first century (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 127-136; Coiro, M.J., Emery, R.E., Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? a quantitative and qualitative review (1998) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, pp. 23-40; Coltrane, S., (1996) Family Man, , New York: Oxford University Press; Corwyn, R.F., Bradley, R.H., Determinants of paternal and maternal investment in children (1999) Infant Mental Health Journal, 20, pp. 238-256; Doherty, W.J., Kouneski, E.F., Erickson, M.F., Responsible fathering: An overview and conceptual framework (1998) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, pp. 277-292; Eccles, J.S., Harold, R.D., Family involvement in children's and adolescents' schooling (1996) Family-school Links: How Do They Affect Educational Outcomes?, pp. 3-34. , A. Booth & J. F. Dunn (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Elder, G.H., Conger, R.D., Foster, E.M., Ardelt, M., Families under economic pressure (1992) Journal of Family Issues, 13, pp. 5-37; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Fagan, J., Iglesias, A., Father involvement program effects on fathers, father figures, and their Head Start children: A quasi-experimental study (1999) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 14, pp. 243-269; Feldman, R., Parents' convergence on sharing and marital satisfaction, father Involvement, and parent-child relationship at the transition to parenthood (2000) Infant Mental Health Journal, 21, pp. 176-191; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., Life satisfaction in teenage boys: The moderating role of father involvement and bullying (2002) Aggressive Behavior, 28, pp. 126-133; Grolnick, W.S., Benjet, C., Kurowski, C.O., Apostoleris, N.H., Predictors of parent involvement in children's schooling (1997) Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, pp. 538-548; Harris, K.M., Marmer, J.K., Poverty, paternal involvement, and adolescent well-being (1996) Journal of Family Issues, 17, pp. 614-640; Hosley, C.A., Montemayor, R., Fathers and adolescents (1997) The Role of the Father in Child Development, pp. 162-178. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.), New York: Wiley; Hwang, C.P., Lamb, M.E., Father involvement in Sweden: A longitudinal study of its stability and correlates (1997) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, pp. 621-632; Ishii-Kuntz, M., Coltrane, S., Predicting the sharing of household labor: Are parenting and housework distinct? (1992) Sociological Perspectives, 35, pp. 629-647; Lamb, M.E., The changing role of fathers (1986) The Father's Role: Applied Perspectives, pp. 3-27. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.), New York: Wiley; Lamb, M.E., (1997) The Role of the Father in Child Development, , New York: Wiley; Lamb, M.E., Pleck, J.H., Charnov, E.L., Levine, J.A., Paternal behavior in humans (1985) American Zoologist, 25, pp. 883-894; Lamb, M.E., Pleck, J.H., Charnov, E.L., Levine, J.A., A biosocial perspective on paternal behavior and involvement (1987) Parenting Across the Lifespan: Biosocial Perspectives, pp. 111-142. , J. B. Lancaster, J. Altmann, A. S. Rossi, & L. R. Sherrod (Eds.), Hawthorne, NY: Aldine; Leve, L.D., Scaramella, L.V., Fagot, B.I., Infant temperament, pleasure in parenting, and marital happiness in adoptive families (2001) Infant Mental Health Journal, 22, pp. 545-558; Lewis, C., Maka, Z., Papacosta, A., Why do fathers become disengaged from their children's lives? Maternal and paternal accounts of divorce in Greece (1997) Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 28, pp. 89-117; McBride, B.A., Mills, G., A comparison of mother and father involvement with their preschool age children (1993) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 8, pp. 457-477; McBride, B.A., Rane, T.R., Schoppe, S.J., Ho, R.M., Multiple determinants of father involvement: An exploratory analysis using the PSID-CDS Data Set Measuring Father Involvement, , (in press). R. Day, & Lamb (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; McElwain, N.L., Volling, B.L., Depressed mood and marital conflict: Relations to maternal and paternal intrusiveness with one-year-old infants (1999) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20, pp. 63-83; Menaghan, E.C., Social stressors in childhood and adolescence (1999) A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems, pp. 315-327. , A. V. Horwitz & T. L. Scheid (Eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press; Factors associated with fathers' caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children (2000) Journal of Family Psychology, 14, pp. 200-219; Nord, C.W., Brimhall, D., West, J., (1997) Fathers' Involvement in Their Children's Schooling, , US Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Washington, DC; Parke, R.D., Beitel, A., Disappointment: When things go wrong in the transition to parenthood (1988) Marriage and Family Review, 12, pp. 221-265; Parke, R.D., Tinsley, B.J., Family interaction in infancy (1987) Handbook of Child Development, pp. 579-641. , J. Osofsky (Ed.), New York: Wiley; Pleck, J.H., Paternal involvement: Levels, sources, and consequences (1997) The Role of the Father in Child Development, pp. 66-103. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.), New York: Wiley; Pleck, J.H., Stueve, J.L., Time and paternal involvement (2001) Minding the Time in Family Experience: Emerging Perspectives and Issues, , K. Daly (Ed.), Stamford, CT: JAI Press; Radin, N., Williams, E., Coggins, K., Paternal involvement in childbearing and the school performance of native American children: An exploratory study (1994) Family Perspectives, 27, pp. 375-391; Roberts, G.C., Block, J.H., Block, J., Continuity and change in parents' child-rearing practices (1984) Child Development, 55, pp. 586-597; Russell, A., Saebel, J., Mother-son, mother-daughter, father-son, and father-daughter: Are they distinct relationships? (1997) Developmental Review, 17, pp. 111-147; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Sanford, M., Szatmari, P., Spinner, M., Munroe-Blum, H., Jamieson, E., Walsh, C., Jones, D., Predicting the one-year course of adolescent major depression (1995) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, pp. 1618-1628; Sheeber, L.B., Johnson, J.H., Child temperament, maternal adjustment, and changes in family lifestyle (1992) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62, pp. 178-185; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (Ed.), London: National Children's Bureau; Stocker, C.M., Differences in mothers' and fathers' relationships with siblings: Links with children's behavior problems (1995) Development and Psychopathology, 7, pp. 499-513; Updegraff, K.A., McHale, S.M., Crouter, A.C., Gender roles in marriage: What do they mean for girls' and boys' school achievement? (1996) Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, pp. 73-88; Volling, B.L., Belsky, J., Multiple determinants of father involvement during infancy in dual-earner and single-earner families (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 461-474; Yongman, M.W., Kindlon, D., Earls, F., Father involvement and cognitive/behavioral outcomes of preterm infants (1995) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, pp. 58-66 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037228754&doi=10.1348%2f026151003321164636&partnerID=40&md5=8af353d0b075022198dccec0290e9e60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - New perinatal strategies for the new millennium T2 - Perinatology J2 - Perinatology VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 55 EP - 64 PY - 2003 SN - 09722408 (ISSN) AU - Lalana, G.J. AD - 4 Church Street, 4th Main, Banaswadi, Bangalore - 560 043, India AB - A cohort of Asian pregnant women of ethnic Indian origin were studied for duration of pregnancy at delivery and compared with a cohort of Caucasian pregnant women of British origin. Most Asian women delivered earlier, during the 38 and 39 weeks gestation. In contrast most Caucasian women delivered later at 41 and 42 weeks. The peak births in 32.5 percent of ethnic Asian-Indian women occurred at 39 weeks gestation, mean gestation of 38.86 weeks, S.D.± 1.29 weeks. While peak births in 31 percent of Caucasians- British women occurred at 41 weeks, mean gestation being 41.03 weeks, S.D. ± 1.32 weeks and S.E± 0.114 was statistically significant (P <0.001). Therefore implementation of new ethnic specific due dates for Asian women and Caucasian women at 39 and 42 weeks gestation from LMP, would be appropriate rather than a common E.D.D at 40 weeks gestation. A realistic estimation of duration of pregnancy from ovulation/conception, referred to as Date of commencement of pregnancy (D.C.P.) is proposed, rather than a false duration from the last menstrual period (L.M.P). This perhaps may be more of academic interest rather than clinical practice. KW - Asian Due Date (A.D.D) KW - Caucasian Due Date (C.D.D.) Date of Commencement of Pregnancy (D.C.P.) KW - adult KW - article KW - Asian KW - calculation KW - Caucasian KW - childbirth KW - clinical practice KW - cohort analysis KW - conception KW - controlled study KW - delivery KW - ethnic difference KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - gestation period KW - human KW - Indian KW - menstrual cycle KW - ovulation KW - perinatal care KW - pregnancy N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PERIB LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lalana, G.J.4 Church Street, 4th Main, Banaswadi, Bangalore - 560 043, India N1 - References: Malati, J., Christopher, G.L., Perinatal mortality Rates in Vellore, Part 1- A study of 21,585 infants (1986) Ind. J. Pediatr., 53, pp. 247-353; Christopher, G.L., Malati, J., Perinatal mortality rates in Vellore, Part 11 - Lethal malformations (1986) Ind. J. Pediatr., 53, pp. 354-357; Park, G.L., The duration of pregnancy (1986) Lancet, 2, p. 1388; Sadler, T.W., (1989) Langman's Medical Embroylogy, pp. 21-26. , Williams & Wilkins; sixth ed; Lalana, G.J., Perinatal trends, concepts and ethnicity. ch 1 (2002) Advances in Perinatology; Metha, A., Perinatal mortality survey in India. An FOGSI report (1980) Proceeding of Third International Seminar on Maternal Mortality, Pregnancy, Termination and Sterilization, p. 240. , Delhi; Kumar, M.R., Bhat, V.B., Oumachigun, A., Perinatal mortality trends in a referral hospital (1996) Indian J. Pediatr., 63, pp. 357-361; Webb, J.K.G., John, T.J., Jadhav, M., Graham, M.D., Walter, A., The incidence of hyaline membrane syndrome in South India (1962) J. Int. Pediatr. Soc., 1, pp. 193-196; Fujikura, T., Froelich, D., The influence of race and other factors on pulmonary hyaline membrane (1966) Amer. J. Obstet. & Gyanecol., 95, pp. 572-578; Farrel, P.M., Wood, R.E., Epidemiology of hyaline membrane disease in United States- Analysis of national mortality stastistics (1976) Pediatrics, 58, pp. 167-176; Olowe, S.A., Akinkughe, A., Aminotic lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio : Comparision between an Africian and a North American community (1978) Pediatr., 62, pp. 38-41; Dowding, V.M., Distribution of Birthweight in seven Dublin maternity units (1982) Br. Med. J., 284. , 1901-4 12; Meire, H.P., Farrant, P., Ultrasound demonstration of an unusual fetal growth patterns in Indians (1981) Brit. J. Obstet. & Gyanecol., 88, pp. 260-265; Brenner, W., Edelman, D.A., Hendricks, O.H., A standard of fetal growth for the U S A (1976) Amer. J. Obstet. Gyanecol., pp. 555-564. , 1126; Mathai, M., Thomas, S., Peedicayil, A., Growth pattern of the Indian fetus (1995) Int. J. Gyanecol. Obstet., 48, pp. 21-24; Hansmann, M., Hackelo, R.J., Standach, A., (1985) Ultrasouns Diagnosis in Obstetrics & Gynaecol., p. 175. , (Ed) Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg; Ohlosson, A., Lars, F., Reproductive and Medical Care in Sweden and the Province of Ontario, Canada, Acomparitive study Acta Pediatr., (SUPPL. 203); Mutch, L.M.M., Brown, N.J., Spediel, B.D., Dunn, P.M., Perinatal mortality and neonatal survival in Avon 1976-1979 (1981) Br. Med. J., 282, p. 119; Puri, P.K., Verma, K., Choudry, P., Nalini, P., Srinivasan, S., Perinatal mortality - Incidences and effects of various maternal factors (1981) Ind. J. Pediatr., 49 (PART 1), pp. 297-304; Sharma, V., Acharya, A., Saxena, S., Mithal, O.C., Fetal outcome in lower segment Caesarean section (1980) J. Obstet. Gynacol., 30, pp. 69-71; (2001), p. 6. , Indo-Asian News Service, Toronto, June 11th, cited in The Asian Age, June 12UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0142217897&partnerID=40&md5=c23dac80ca2c1da4cb1adb82e35c4333 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child disobedience and noncompliance: A review T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 111 IS - 3 SP - 641 EP - 652 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1542/peds.111.3.641 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Kalb, L.M. AU - Loeber, R. AD - University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States AD - W. Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Univ. of Pittsburgh Sch. of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States AD - c/o Rolf Loeber, University of Pittsburgh, Thomas Detre Hall/Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States AB - Child disobedience and noncompliance is a recurring problem frequently brought to the attention of pediatricians and others working with children and their parents. This article reviews empirical studies concerning childhood noncompliance. Definitions of noncompliance (also called disobedience) are presented, and observational studies that have measured noncompliance in the laboratory and at home are reviewed. Studies show considerable variability in the prevalence of noncompliance, but demonstrate that it is a frequent problem for parents. Longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study are presented to more closely examine the onset and stability of noncompliance in childhood and adolescence. Evidence suggests that extreme childhood noncompliance is relatively stable over time, peaking slightly during early adolescence and decreasing during late adolescence. Studies indicate that for some children noncompliance predicts aggression and externalizing problems. Antecedents of noncompliance including parental discipline techniques and child characteristics are reviewed. Parent training programs designed to reduce noncompliance are described, and the effectiveness of such programs is examined. KW - Disobedience KW - Externalizing problems KW - Noncompliance KW - Parental discipline techniques KW - Parental training programs KW - aggression KW - behavior disorder KW - child behavior KW - child parent relation KW - child psychiatry KW - disobedience KW - human KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - recurrent disease KW - review KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Behavior Therapy KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Cooperative Behavior KW - Education KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Life Change Events KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Parents KW - Personality Inventory KW - Prevalence KW - Sampling Studies KW - United States N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 12612249 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kalb, L.M.; c/o Rolf Loeber, University of Pittsburgh, Thomas Detre Hall/Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: lmkst39@pitt.edu N1 - References: Forehand, R.L., McMahon, R.J., (1981) Helping the Noncompliant Child: A Clinician's Guide to Parenting, , New York, NY: Guildford Press; Patterson, G.R., Interventions for boys with conduct problems: Multiple settings, treatments, and criteria (1974) J Consult Clin Psychol, 42, pp. 471-481; Bernal, M.E., Klinnert, M.D., Schultz, L.A., Outcome evaluation of behavioral parent training and client-centered parent counseling for children with conduct problems (1980) J Appl Behav Anal, 13, pp. 677-691; Forehand, R., Child noncompliance to parental requests: Behavioral analysis and treatment (1977) Progress in Behavior Modification, 5, pp. 295-343. , Hersen M, Eisler RM, Miller PM, eds. New York, NY: Academic Press; Houlihan, D., Sloane, H.N., Jones, R.N., Patten, C., A review of behavioral conceptualizations and treatments of child noncompliance (1992) Education and Treatment of Children, 15, pp. 56-77; Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., Koenig, A.L., A longitudinal study of the roots of preschoolers' conscience: Committed compliance and emerging internalization (1995) Child Dev, 66, pp. 1752-1769; Wenar, C., On negativism (1982) Hum Dev, 25, pp. 1-23; Lamb, M.E., Predictive implications of individual differences in attachment (1987) J Consult Clin Psychol, 55, pp. 817-824; Koot, H.M., Verhulst, F.C., Prevalence of problem behavior in Dutch children aged 2-3 (1991) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 83, pp. 1-7; Webster-Stratton, C., Intervention approaches for conduct disorders in young children (1983) Nurse Pract, pp. 23-34; Roberts, M.W., Powers, S.W., The compliance test (1988) Behav Assess, 10, pp. 375-398; Kuczynski, L., Kochanska, G., Radke-Yarrow, M., Girnius-Brown, O., A developmental interpretation of young children's noncompliance (1987) Dev Psychol, 23, pp. 799-806; Kochanska, G., Kuczynski, L., Maguire, M., Impact of diagnosed depression and self-reported mood on mothers' control strategies (1989) J Abnorm Psychol, 17, pp. 493-511; Hoffman, M.L., Moral internalization: Current theory and research (1977) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10. , Berkowitz L, ed. New York, NY: Academic Press; Kuczynski, L., Kochanska, G., Development of children's noncompliance strategies from toddlerhood to age 5 (1990) Dev Psychol, 26, pp. 398-408; Vaughn, B.E., Kopp, C.B., Krakow, J.B., The emergence and consolidation of self-control from eighteen to thirty months of age: Normative trends and individual differences (1984) Child Dev, 55, pp. 990-1004; Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C.S., (1983) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile, , Burlington, VT: University of Vermont; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , New York, NY: Longman; Griffiths, W., (1952) Behavior Difficulties of Children as Perceived and Judged by Parents, Teachers, and Children Themselves, , Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press; Heinstein, M., (1969) Behavior Problems of Young Children, , Berkeley, CA: State of California, Department of Public Health, Bureau of Maternal and Child Health; Verhulst, F.C., Akkerhuis, G.W., Althaus, M., Mental health in Dutch children: (1) A cross cultural comparison (1985) Acta Psychiatry Scand, 72 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-108; Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W.B., (1998) Antisocial Behavior and Mental Health Problems: Explanatory Factors in Childhood and Adolescence, , Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C.S., Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen (1981) Manogr Sac Res Child Dev, 46, pp. 1-82; Verhulst, F.C., Koot, H.M., Van der Ende, J., Differential predictive value of parents' and teachers' reports of children's problem behaviors: A longitudinal study (1994) J Abnorm Psychol, 22, pp. 531-546; Shechtman, A., Psychiatric symptoms observed in normal and disturbed children (1970) J Clin Psychol, 26, pp. 38-41; DeBlois, C.S., Stewart, M.A., Aggressiveness and antisocial behavior in children: Their relationships to other dimensions of behavior (1980) Res Commun Psychol Psychiatry Behav, 5, pp. 303-312; Parrish, J.M., Cataldo, M.F., Kolko, D.J., Neef, N.A., Egel, A.L., Experimental analysis of response covariation among compliant and inappropriate behaviors (1986) J Appl Behav Anal, 19, pp. 241-254; Keenan, K., Shaw, D.S., The development of aggression in toddlers: A study of low-income families (1994) J Abnorm Psychol, 22, pp. 53-77; Shaw, D.S., Keenan, K., Vondra, J.I., The developmental precursors of antisocial behavior: Ages 1-3 (1994) Dev Psychol, 30, pp. 355-364; Shaw, D.S., Winslow, E.B., Owens, E.B., Vondra, J.L., Cohn, J.E., Bell, R.Q., The development of early externalizing problems among children from low-income families: A transformational perspective (1998) J Abnorm Psychol, 26, pp. 95-107; Tolan, P.H., Guerra, N., Kendall, P.C., A developmental-ecological perspective on antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: Toward a unified risk and intervention framework (1995) J Consult Clin Psychol, 63, pp. 579-584; Loeber, R., Hay, D., Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood (1997) Annu Rev Psychol, 48, pp. 371-410; Loeber, R., Wung, P., Keenan, K., Developmental pathways in disruptive child behavior (1993) Dev Psychopathol, 5, pp. 103-133; Loeber, R., Lahey, B.B., Thomas, C., Diagnostic conundrum of oppsitional defiant disorder and conduct disorder (1991) J Abnorm Child Psychol, 100, pp. 379-390; Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Development of juvenile aggression and violence: Some common misconceptions and controversies (1998) Am Psychol, 53, pp. 242-259; Hämäläinen, M., Pulkkinen, L., Problem behavior as a precursor of male criminality (1996) Dev Psychopathol, 8, pp. 443-445; Kalb, L.M., (2001) Society for Research in Child Development, , Child noncompliance as a predictor of adolescent delinquency: a longitudinal study. Poster presented; April 19-22; Minneapolis, MN; Campbell, S.B., Hard-to-manage preschool boys: Externalizing behavior, social competence, and family context at two-year follow-up (1994) J Abnorm Psychol, 22, pp. 147-166; Campbell, S.B., Pierce, E.B., Moore, G., Marakovitz, S., Newby, K., Boys' externalizing problems at elementary school age: Pathways from early behavior problems, maternal control, and family stress (1996) Dev Psychopathol, 8, pp. 701-719; Patterson, G.R., Changes in status of family members as controlling stimuli: A basis for describing treatment process (1973) Behavior Change: Methodology, Concepts and Practice, pp. 169-191. , Hamerlynck LA, Handy LC, Mash EJ, eds. Champaign, IL: Research Press; Lutzker, J.R., McGimsey, J.F., McRae, S., Campbell, R.V., Behavioral parent training: There's so much more to do (1983) Behav Therapist, 6, pp. 110-112; Chamberlain, P., Patterson, P.R., Discipline and child compliance in parenting (1995) Handbook of Parenting, 4, pp. 205-225. , Bornstein M, ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Rothbaum, F., Crockenberg, S., Maternal control and two-year-olds' compliance and defiance (1995) Int J Behav Dev, 18, pp. 193-210; Wahler, R.G., Dumas, J.E., Maintenance factors in coercive mother-child interactions: The compliance and predictability hypothesis (1986) J Appl Behav Anal, 19, pp. 13-22; Schaffer, H.R., Cook, C.K., Child compliance and maternal control techniques (1980) Dev Psychol, 16, pp. 54-61; Stayton, D., Hogan, R., Ainsworth, M.D.S., Infant obedience and maternal behavior: The origins of socialization reconsidered (1971) Child Dev, 42, pp. 1057-1069; Parpal, M., Maccoby, E.E., Maternal responsiveness and subsequent child compliance (1985) Child Dev, 56, pp. 1326-1334; Martin, J.A., A longitudinal study of the consequences of early mother infant interactions: A microanalytic approach (1981) Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 46, pp. 1-58; Braine, L.G., Pomerantz, E., Lorber, D., Krantz, D.H., Conflicts with authority: Children's feelings, actions, and justifications (1991) Dev Psychol, 27, pp. 829-840; Smith, T.E., Adolescent reactions to attempted parental control and influence techniques (1983) J Marriage Fam, 8, pp. 533-542; Straus, M.A., Discipline and deviance: Physical punishment of children and violence and other crime in adulthood (1991) Soc Probl, 38, pp. 133-152; Chapman, M., Zahn-Waxler, C., Young children's compliance and noncompliance to parental discipline in a natural setting (1982) Int J Behav Dev, 5, pp. 81-94; Elder, G.H., Caspi, A., Cross, C.E., Parent-child behavior in the great depression: Life course and intergenerational influences (1984) Life Span Development and Behavior, 6, pp. 109-158. , Baltes PB, Brim OG, eds. New York, NY: Academic Press; Dumas, J.E., Lechowicz, J.G., When do noncompliant children comply? Implications for family behavior therapy (1989) Child Fam Behav Ther, 11, pp. 21-38; Wruble, M.K., Sheeber, L.B., Sorensen, E.K., Boggs, S.R., Eyberg, S., Empirical derivation of child compliance time (1991) Child Fam Behav Ther, 13, pp. 57-68; Forehand, R., Gardner, H., Roberts, M., Maternal response to child compliance and noncompliance: Some normative data (1978) J Clin Child Psychol, 2, pp. 121-124; Peed, S., Roberts, M., Forehand, R., Evaluation of the effectiveness of a standardized parent training program in altering the interaction of mothers and their noncompliant children (1978) Behav Modif, 1, pp. 323-350; Elrod, M.M., Young children's responses to direct and indirect directives (1983) J Genet Psychol, 143, pp. 217-227; Shatz, M., How to do things by asking: Form-function pairings in mothers' questions and their relation to children's responses (1979) Child Dev, 50, pp. 1093-1094; Elrod, M.M., Children's understanding of indirect requests (1987) J Genet Psychol, 148, pp. 63-70; Campbell, S.B., Pierce, E.W., March, C.L., Ewing, L.J., Noncompliant behavior, over activity, and family stress as predictors of negative maternal control with preschool children (1991) Dev Psychopathol, 3, pp. 175-190; Maccoby, E.E., Martin, J.A., Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction (1983) Mussen Manual of Child Psychology, 4, pp. 1-102. , Hetherington EM, ed. 4th ed. New York, NY: Wiley; Grusec, J.E., Kuczynski, L., Direction of effect in socialization: A comparison of the parent's versus the child's behavior as determinants of disciplinary techniques (1980) Dev Psychol, 16, pp. 1-9; Williams, C.A., Forehand, R., An examination of predictor variables for child compliance and noncompliance (1984) J Abnorm Psychol, 12, pp. 491-504; Gomez, R., Sanson, A.V., Mother-child interactions and noncompliance in hyperactive boys with and without conduct problems (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 477-490; Cunningham, C.E., Barkley, R.A., The interactions of normal and hyperacchildren with their mothers in free play and structured tasks (1979) Child Dev, 50, pp. 215-224; Mash, E.L., Johnson, C., A comparison of mother-child interactions of younger and older hyperactive and normal children (1982) Child Dev, 53, pp. 1371-1381; Lytton, H., Two-way influence processes between parents and child when, where and how? (1982) Can J Behav Sci, 14, pp. 259-275; McMahon, R.J., Wells, K.C., Conduct problems (1998) Treatment of Childhood Conduct Disorders, pp. 111-207. , Mash EJ, Barkley RA, eds. New York, NY: Guilford Press; Patterson, G.R., (1982) Coercive Family Process, , Eugene, OR: Castilia; Patterson, G.R., Reid, J.B., Jones, R.R., Conger, R.W., (1975) A Social Learning Approach to Family Intervention, 1. , Eugene, OR: Castalia; Patterson, G.R., (1976) Living with Children New Methods for Parents and Teachers (Revised Ed.), , Eugene, OR: Castalia; Patterson, G.R., (1975) Families: Applications of Social Learning to Family Life (Revised Ed.), , Eugene, OR: Castalia; Webster-Stratton, C., Videotape modeling intervention programs for families of young children with oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder (1996) Psychosocial Treatment Research of Child and Adolescent Disorders: Empirically Based Strategies for Clinical Practice, pp. 435-474. , Hibbs ED, Jensen, PS, eds. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Roberts, M.W., Hatzenbuehler, L.C., Bean, A.W., The effects of differential attention and time out on child noncompliance (1981) Behav Ther, 12, pp. 93-99; Bean, A.W., Roberts, M.W., The effect of time-out release contingencies on changes in child noncompliance (1981) J Abnorm Psychol, 9, pp. 95-105; Baum, C.G., Forehand, R., Long-term follow-up assessment of f parent training by use of multiple-outcome measures (1981) Behav Ther, 12, pp. 643-652; Fleischman, M.J., A replication of Patterson's "Intervention for boys with conduct problems" (1981) J Consult Clin Psychol, 49, pp. 342-351; Patterson, G.R., Fleischman, M.J., Maintenance of treatment effects: Some considerations concerning family systems and follow-up data (1979) Behav Ther, 10, pp. 168-185; Patterson, G.R., Forgatch, M.S., Predicting future clinical adjustment from treatment outcome and process variables (1995) Psychol Assess, 7, pp. 275-285; Taplin, P.S., Reid, J.B., Changes in parent consequation as a function of family intervention (1977) J Consult Clin Psychol, 45, pp. 973-981; Webster-Stratton, C., Long-term follow-up of families with young conduct problem children: From preschool to grade school (1990) J Clin Child Psychol, 19, pp. 144-149; Webster-Stratton, C., Randomized trial of two parent-training programs for families with conduct disordered children (1984) J Consult Clin Psychol, 52, pp. 666-678; Forehand, R., King, H.E., Noncompliant children: Effects of parent training on behavior and attitude change (1977) Behav Modif, 1, pp. 93-108; Serketich, W.J., Dumas, J.E., The effectiveness of behavioral parent training to modify antisocial behavior in children: A meta-analysis (1996) Behav Ther, 27, pp. 171-186; McMahon, R.J., Parent training (1999) Handbook of Psychotherapies with Children and Families, pp. 153-180. , Russ SW, Ollendick TH, eds. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum; Wells, K.C., Forehand, R., Griest, D.L., Generality of treatment effects from treated to untreated behaviors resulting from a parent training program (1980) J Clin Child Psychol, 9, pp. 217-219; Humphreys, L., Forehand, R., McMahon, R., Roberts, M., Parent behavioral training to modify child noncompliance: Effects on untreated siblings (1978) J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 9, pp. 235-238; Arnold, J.E., Levine, A.G., Patterson, G.R., Changes in sibling behavior following family intervention (1975) J Consult Psychol, 43, pp. 683-688; Kumpfer, K.L., (1999) Strengthening America's Families: Exemplary Parenting and Family Strategies for Delinquency Prevention, , Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037339842&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.111.3.641&partnerID=40&md5=2253e3fe8b1baf5a8bc87ff1342e80b7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social class, ability and choice of subject in secondary and tertiary education in Britain T2 - British Educational Research Journal J2 - Br. Educ. Res. J. VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 62 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1080/0141192032000057366 SN - 01411926 (ISSN) AU - Van De Werfhorst, H.G. AU - Sullivan, A. AU - Cheung, S.Y. AD - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands AD - Nuffield College, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands AB - This article examines the impact of family background (social class, cultural and economic capital) and ability on the choice of subjects in secondary and tertiary education in Britain. Using a framework that integrates rational choice perspectives and cultural reproduction theory, we assume that children take their parents' social position as a reference for their own choices, and are guided mainly by the amount of economic and cultural capital that is available within the family. Using longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort (N = 13,245), the empirical analysis shows that children from higher social class backgrounds achieved a higher standard in both humanities and scientific subjects in primary and secondary school. Furthermore, children of the professional class were relatively likely to choose the prestigious subjects of medicine and law in university, independent of ability. Both absolute and relative levels of ability were relevant to the choice of subject at degree level, as it was found that people chose subjects that they were relatively good at compared to other subjects. This concept of 'comparative advantage' gives additional insight into field-of-study choices, but does not explain the gender segregation across disciplines. N1 - Cited By :87 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Van De Werfhorst, H.G.; University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - References: Aschaffenburg, K., Maas, I., Cultural and educational careers: The dynamics of social reproduction (1997) American Sociological Review, 62, pp. 573-587; Boudon, R., (1974) Education, Opportunity, and Social Inequality, , New York, Wiley; Bourdieu, P., Cultural reproduction and social reproduction (1977) Power and Ideology in Education, , J. KARABEL & A. H. HALSEY (Eds) (Oxford, Oxford University Press); Bourdieu, P., (1984) Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, , London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Bourdieu, P., Boltanski, L., The education and the economy: Titles and jobs (1981) Rupture and Renewal Since 1968, , C. LEMERT (Ed.) (New York, Cambridge University Press); Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J.-C., (1990) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, 2nd Edn, , London, Sage; Brandsma, H.P., Knuver, J.W.M., Effects of school and classroom characteristics on pupil progress in language and arithmetic (1989) International Journal of Educational Research, 13, pp. 777-788; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Explaining educational differentials: Towards a formal rational action theory (1997) Rationality & Society, 9, pp. 275-305; Breen, R., Jonsson, J.O., Analyzing educational careers: A multinomial transition model (2000) American Sociological Review, 65, pp. 754-772; Brimer, M.A., Madaus, G.E., Chapman, B., Kellaghan, T., Wood, R., Sources of difference in school attainment (1977) Report to the Carnegie Corporation, , New York; Coleman, J.S., Methods and results in the IEA studies of the effects of school on learning (1975) Review of Educational Research, 45, pp. 335-386; Crook, C.J., (1997) Cultural Practices and Socio-economic Attainment: The Australian Experience, , Westport, CT, Greenwood Press; Crotty, W.L., Democratic consensual norms and the college student (1967) Sociology of Education, 40, pp. 200-218; Davies, S., Guppy, N., Fields of study, college selectivity, and student inequalities in higher education (1997) Social Forces, 75, pp. 1417-1438; De Graaf, N.D., De Graaf, P.M., Kraaykamp, G., Parental cultural capital and educational attainment in the Netherlands: A refinement of the cultural capital perspective (2000) Sociology of Education, 73, pp. 92-111; De Graaf, P.M., The impact of financial and cultural resources on educational attainment in the Netherlands (1986) Sociology of Education, 59, pp. 237-246; Dronkers, J., Educational reform in the Netherlands: Did it change the impact of parental occupation and education? (1993) Sociology of Education, 66, pp. 262-277; Dryler, H., Parental role models, gender, and educational choice (1998) British Journal of Sociology, 49, pp. 375-398; Erikson, R., Jonsson, J.O., (1996) Can Education Be Equalized? The Swedish Case in Comparative Perspective, , (Eds) (Boulder, CO, Westview Press); Goldthorpe, J.H., Class analysis and the reorientation of class theory: The case of persisting differentials in educational attainment (1996) British Journal of Sociology, 47, pp. 481-505; Halsey, A.H., Heath, A.E., Ridge, J.M., (1980) Origins and Destinations: Family, Class, and Education in Modern Britain, , Oxford, Clarendon Press; Hansen, M.N., Social and economic inequality in the educational career: Do the effects of social background characteristics decline? (1997) European Sociological Review, 13, pp. 305-321; Hellevik, O., Class inequality and egalitarian reform (1997) Acta Sociologica, 40, pp. 377-398; Jonsson, J., Explaining sex differences in educational choice: An empirical assessment of a rational choice model (1999) European Sociological Review, 15, pp. 391-404; Jonsson, J.O., Mills, C., Social class and educational attainment in historical perspective: A Swedish-English comparison part I (1993) British Journal of Sociology, 44, pp. 213-247; Jonsson, J.O., Mills, C., Social class and educational attainment in historical perspective: A Swedish-English comparison part II (1993) British Journal of Sociology, 44, pp. 402-428; Kalmijn, M., Van Der Lippe, T., Type of schooling and sex differences in earnings in the Netherlands (1997) European Sociological Review, 13, pp. 1-15; Kelsall, R.K., Poole, A., Kuhn, A., (1972) Graduates: The Sociology of an Elite, , London, Methuen; Manski, C.E., Adolescent econometricians (1993) Studies of Supply and Demand in Higher Education, , C. T. CLOTFELTER & M. ROTHSCHILD (Eds) (Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press); Mare, R.D., Social background and school continuation decisions (1980) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75, pp. 295-305; Marini, M.M., Ean, P.-L., The gender gap in earnings at career entry (1997) American Sociological Review, 62, pp. 588-604; Mortimore, P., Sammons, P., Stoll, L., Lewis, D., Ecob, R., (1988) School Matters, , Wells, Open Books; Nilsson, I., Ekehammar, B., Sociopolitical ideology and field of study (1986) Educational Studies, 12, pp. 37-46; Postlethwaite, T.H., The surveys of the International Association for the Evaluation of educational attainment (IEA): Implications of the IEA surveys of attainment (1975) Educational Policy and International Assessment, , A. C. PURVIS & D. V. LEVINE (Eds) (Berkeley, CA, McCutchen); Rochat, D., Demeulemeester, J.L., Rational choice under unequal constraints: The example of Belgian higher education (2001) Economics of Education Review, 20, pp. 15-26; Shavit, Y., Blossfeld, H.-P., (1993) Persistent Inequality, Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries, , Boulder, CO, Westview Press; Shaycroft, M., (1967) The High School Years: Growth in Cognitive Skills, , Pittsburgh, PA, American Institutes for Research and School of Education, University of Pittsburgh; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS User Support Group, Working paper I; Sullivan, A., Cultural capital and educational attainment (2001) Sociology, 35, pp. 893-912; Uerz, D., Dekkers, H., Dronkers, J., Mathematics and language ability as predictors of science choices in secondary education (1999) Pedagogische Studieën, 76, pp. 170-182; Van De Werfhorst, H.G., Kraaykamp, O., Four field-related educational resources and their impact on labor, consumption, and sociopolitical orientation (2001) Sociology of Education, 74, pp. 296-317; Van De Werfhorst, H.G., Kraaykamp, G., De Graaf, N.D., Intergenerational transmission of educational field resources: The impact of parental resources and socialisation practices on children's fields of study in the Netherlands (2000) The Netherlands' Journal of Social Sciences, 36, pp. 188-210; Van De Werfhorst, H.G., De Graaf, N.D., Kraaykamp, G., Intergenerational resemblance in field of study in the Netherlands (2001) European Sociological Review, 17, pp. 275-294; Willis, P., Cultural production and theories of reproduction (1983) Race, Class and Education, , L. BARTON & S. WALKER (Eds) (London, Croom Helm); Wong, R.S.K., Multidimensional influences of family environment in education: The case of socialist Czechoslovakia (1998) Sociology of Education, 71, pp. 1-22 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037299746&doi=10.1080%2f0141192032000057366&partnerID=40&md5=da4a6db7ae2f46745d290d78cf23a52a ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of father involvement in children's later mental health T2 - Journal of Adolescence J2 - J. Adolesc. VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 63 EP - 78 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0140-1971(02)00116-1 SN - 01401971 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AU - Buchanan, A. AD - Dept. of Social Policy/Social Work, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - Data on 8441 cohort members of the National Child Development Study were used to explore links between father involvement at age 7 and emotional and behavioural problems at age 16, and between father involvement at age 16 and psychological distress at age 33, controlling for mother involvement and known confounds. Father involvement at age 7 protected against psychological maladjustment in adolescents from non-intact families, and father involvement at age 16 protected against adult psychological distress in women. There was no evidence suggesting that the impact of father involvement in adolescence on children's later mental health in adult life varies with the level of mother involvement. © 2002 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Father involvement KW - Mental health KW - Mother involvement KW - National child development study KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - behavior disorder KW - child health KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - distress syndrome KW - emotional disorder KW - female KW - human KW - maladjustment KW - male KW - maternal behavior KW - mental health KW - paternal behavior KW - review KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Affective Symptoms KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Family Characteristics KW - Father-Child Relations KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mother-Child Relations KW - Parenting KW - Personality Development KW - Personality Inventory KW - Risk Assessment KW - Student Dropouts N1 - Cited By :104 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOADE C2 - 12550822 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Dept. of Social Policy/Social Work, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., Epidemiological applications of multiaxial empirically based assessment and taxonomy (1995) The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, pp. 22-41. , F. C. Verhulst, & H. M. Koot (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Amato, P.R., Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; Barnett, R.C., Marshall, N.L., Pleck, J.H., Adult-son parent relationships and their associations with son's psychological distress (1992) Journal of Family Issues, 13, pp. 505-525; Bowlby, J., Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect (1982) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, pp. 664-678; Bronfenbrenner, U., The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design (1979), Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Brown, G., Harris, W., The origins of depression: A study of psychiatric disorder in women (1978), London: Tavistock; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., Flouri, E., Parental background, social disadvantage, public 'care', and psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood (2000) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1415-1423; Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, S., Bradley, R.H., Hofferth, S., Lamb, M.E., Fatherhood in the twenty-first century (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 127-136; Campbell, S., Pierce, E.W., March, C.L., Ewing, L.J., Noncompliant behavior, over-activity, and family stress as predictors of negative maternal control with preschool children (1991) Development and Psychopathology, 3, pp. 175-190; Caprara, G.V., Rutter, M., Individual development and social change (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, pp. 35-66. , M. Rutter, & D. Smith (Eds.), Chichester: Wiley; Coiro, M.J., Emery, R.E., Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? A quantitative and qualitative review. (1998) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, pp. 23-40; Compas, B., Promoting successful coping during adolescence (1995) Psychosocial Disturbances in Young People: Challenges for Prevention, pp. 247-273. , M. Rutter (Ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Crockett, L.J., Eggebeen, D.J., Hawkings, A.J., Father's presence and young children's behavioral and cognitive adjustment (1993) Family Relations, 14, pp. 355-377; DeKlyen, M., Speltz, M.L., Greenberg, M.T., Fathering and early onset conduct problems: Positive and negative parenting, father-son attachment, and the marital context (1998) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, pp. 3-21; Dornbusch, S., Carlsmith, J.M., Bushwall, S.J., Ritter, P.L., Leiderman, H., Hastorf, A.H., Gross, R.T., Single parents, extended households, and the control of adolescents (1985) Child Development, 56, pp. 326-341; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Fagan, J., Iglesias, A., Father involvement program effects on fathers, father figures, and their Head Start children: A quasi-experimental study (1999) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 14, pp. 243-269; Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M.T., Adolescent resiliency to family adversity (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 281-292; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., What predicts good relationships with parents in adolescence and partners in adult life: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort (2000) Journal of Family Psychology, 16, pp. 186-198; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., Life satisfaction in teenage boys: The moderating role of father involvement and bullying (2002) Aggressive Behavior, 28, pp. 126-133; Goodman, R., Stevenson, J., A twin study of hyperactivity: 1. An examination of hyperactivity scores and categories derived from Rutter teacher and parent questionnaires (1989) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, pp. 671-709; Gould, M.S., Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Garfinkel, R., Separation/divorce and child and adolescent completed suicide (1997) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, pp. 155-162; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 170-178; Harrington, R., Annotation: The natural history and treatment of child and adolescent affective disorders (1992) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, pp. 1287-1302; Hirst, M.A., Bradshaw, J.R., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory: A comparison of measures of stress (1983) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 27, pp. 193-199; Hwang, C.P., Lamb, M.E., Father involvement in Sweden: A longitudinal study of its stability and correlates (1997) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, pp. 621-632; Jenkins, J.M., Smith, M.A., Factors protecting children living in disharmonious homes: Maternal reports (1990) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, pp. 60-69; Kovacs, M., Depressive disorders in childhood (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, pp. 776-782; Kovacs, M., Devlin, B., Internalizing disorders in childhood (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 147-163; Lamb, M.E., The changing role of fathers (1986) The Father's Role: Applied Perspectives, pp. 3-27. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.), New York: Wiley; Lamb, M.E., The role of the father in child development (1997), New York: Wiley; Laucht, M., Essser, G., Baving, L., Gerhold, M., Hoesch, I., Ihle, W., Steigleider, P., Schmidt, M.H., Behavioral sequelae of perinatal insults and early family adversity at 8 years of age (2000) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1229-1237; Lewis, C., Becoming a father (1986), Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: A longitudinal study (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 669-685; McGee, R., Partridge, F., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., A twelve-year follow-up of preschool hyperactive children (1991) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, pp. 224-232; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Behavioral and developmental characteristics of aggressive, hyperactive and aggressive-hyperactive boys (1984) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23, pp. 270-279; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., An evaluation of the Malaise Inventory (1986) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 30, pp. 147-152; Merikangas, K.R., Angst, J., The challenge of depressive disorders in adolescence (1994) Psychosocial Disturbances in Young People: Challenges for Prevention, pp. 131-165. , M. Rutter (Ed.), New York: Cambridge University Press; Mulkey, L.M., Crain, R.L., Harrington, A.J.C., One-parent households and achievement: Economic and behavioral explanations of a small effect (1992) Sociology & Education, 65, pp. 48-65; Petersen, A.C., Compas, B., Brooks-Gunn, J., Stemmler, M., Ey, S., Grant, K., Depression in adolescence (1993) American Psychologist, 48, pp. 155-168; Pidgeon, D.A., Tests used in 1954 and 1957 surveys (1966) The Home and the School, pp. 129-132. , J. W. B. Douglas (Ed.), London: Macgibbon & Kee; Richman, N., Stevenson, J., Graham, P., Preschool to school: A behavioural study (1982), London: London Academic Press; Robins, L.N., Conduct disorder (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 193-212; Rutter, M., Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in serious parenting difficulties (1989) Child Maltreatment, pp. 317-348. , D. Cicchetti, & V. Carlson (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., Education, health and behaviour (1970), London: Longman; Sanford, M., Szatmari, P., Spinner, M., Munroe-Blum, H., Jamieson, E., Walsh, C., Jones, D., Predicting the one-year course of adolescent major depression (1995) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, pp. 1618-1628; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (Ed.), Life at 33: London: National Children's Bureau; Silberg, J., Rutter, M., Meyer, J., Maes, H., Hewitt, J., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Eaves, L., Genetic and environmental influences on the covaration between hyperactivity and conduct disturbance in juvenile twins (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 803-816; Tasker, F.L., Golombok, S., Growing up in a lesbian family: Effects on child development (1997), New York: Guildford Press; Warin, J., Solomon, Y., Lewis, C., Langford, W., Fathers, work, and family life (1999), London: Family Policy Studies Centre; Webster-Stratton, C., Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of child deviance: Roles of parent and child behaviors and parent adjustment (1988) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, pp. 909-915; Webster-Stratton, C., Long term follow-up of families with young conduct-problem children: From preschool to grade school (1990) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, pp. 1344-1349; Yongman, M.W., Kindlon, D., Earls, F., Father involvement and cognitive/behavioral outcomes of preterm infants (1995) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, pp. 58-66 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037318480&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-1971%2802%2900116-1&partnerID=40&md5=7e8079fc2dd02b95a40e970cfa0fba8b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort T2 - Economica J2 - Economica VL - 70 IS - 277 SP - 73 EP - 97 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1111/1468-0335.t01-1-00272 SN - 00130427 (ISSN) AU - Feinstein, L. AD - London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom AB - This paper develops an index of development for British children in the 1970 cohort, assessed at 22 months, 42 months, 5 years and 10 years. The score at 22 months predicts educational qualifications at age 26 and is related to family background. The children of educated or wealthy parents who scored poorly in the early tests had a tendency to catch up, whereas children of worse-off parents who scored poorly were extremely unlikely to catch up and are shown to be an at-risk group. There is no evidence that entry into schooling reverses this pattern. KW - cognition KW - educational attainment KW - income distribution KW - socioeconomic indicator KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :248 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Barnett, W.S., Long-term effects of early childcare programs on cognitive and school outcomes (1995) The Future of Children, 5 (3), pp. 25-50. , Los Altos, Cal.: Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Bartholomew, D., (1973) Stochastic Model for Social Processes, , Chichester: John Wiley; Bayley, N., Consistency and variability in the growth of intelligence from birth to eighteen years (1949) Journal of Genetic Psychology, 75, pp. 165-196; Berrueta-Clement, J., Schweinhart, L.J., Barnett, W.S., Epstein, A.S., Weikart, D.P., Changed lives: The effects of the Perry pre-school programme on youths through age nineteen (1984) Monograph of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, 8. , Ypsilanti, Mich.: High/Scope Press; Bornstein, M.H., Sigman, M.D., Continuity in mental development from infancy (1986) Child Development, 57, pp. 251-274; Chamberlain, R., Davey, A., Cross-sectional study of developmental test items in children aged 94-97 weeks: Report of the British births child study (1976) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 18, pp. 54-70; Coleman, J.S., (1966) Equality of Educational Opportunity, 2. , Washington DC: US Government Printing Office; (1999) Sure-Start: A Guide for Trailblazers, , DfEE London: DfEE; Dougherty, T.M., Haith, M.M., Infant expectations and reaction time as predictors of childhood speed of processing and IQ (1997) Developmental Psychology, 33, pp. 146-155; Feinstein, L., (2000) The Relative Economic Importance of Academic, Psychological and Behavioural Attributes Developed in Childhood, pp. 209-234. , Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper no. 443; Feinstein, L., Robertson, D., Symons, J., Pre-school education and attainment in the NCDS and BCS (1999) Education Economics, 7 (3); Hanushek, E.A., The economics of schooling: Production and efficiency in public schools (1986) Journal of Economic Literature, 24, pp. 1141-1177; Harris, D.B., (1963) Children's Drawings As Measures of Intellectual Maturity, , New York: Harcourt, Brace and World; Klebanov, K.B., Brooks-Gunn, J., McCarton, C., McCormick, M.C., The contribution of neighbourhood and family income to developmental test scores over the first three years of life (1998) Child Development, 96, pp. 1420-1436; Koppitz, E.M., (1968) Psychological Evaluation of Children's Human Figure Drawings, , New York: Grure and Stratton; Liaw, F., Brooks-Gunn, J., Cumulative familial risks and low birth-weight children's cognitive and behavioural development (1994) Journal of Child Psychology, 23, pp. 360-372; Liebowitz, A., Home investments in children (1974) Journal of Political Economy, 82, pp. 111-131; Neligan, G.A., Prudham, D., Norms for four standard development milestones by sex, social class and place in family (1969) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurologs, 11, p. 413; Ramey, S.L., Ramey, C.T., Early childhood experiences and developmental competence (2000) Securing the Future: Investing in Children from Birth to College, pp. 122-150. , J. Waldfogel and S. Danziger (eds.), New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Schmitt, J., (1993) The Changing Structure of Male Earnings in Britain, 1974-1988, , Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper, no. 122, March; Schweinhart, L., Weikart, C., Larner, M., Consequences of three pre-school curriculum models through age fifteen (1986) Early Education Research Quarterly, 1, pp. 15-45; Shorrocks, A., The measurement of mobility (1978) Econometrica, 46, pp. 1013-1024; Spearman, C., General intelligence, objectively determined and measured (1904) American Journal of Psychology, 15, pp. 201-293; Waldfogel, J., (1999) Early Childhood Interventions and Outcomes, , CASE Paper 21, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Wilson, R.S., The Louisville twin study: Developmental synchronies in behaviour (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 298-316; Zeanah, C.H., Boris, N.W., Larrieu, J.A., Infant development and developmental risk: A review of the past ten years (1997) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (2), pp. 165-178 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037321725&doi=10.1111%2f1468-0335.t01-1-00272&partnerID=40&md5=5918932fe4a6c12314118612efb85396 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental factors, mass media influences, and the onset of eating disorders in a prospective population-based cohort T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 111 IS - 2 SP - 315 EP - 320 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1542/peds.111.2.315 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Martínez-González, M.A. AU - Gual, P. AU - Lahortiga, F. AU - Alonso, Y. AU - De Irala-Estévez, J. AU - Cervera, S. AD - Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain AD - Department of Psychiatry, Intl. University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain AD - Department of Psychiatry, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain AD - U. de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain AB - Objective. To identify risk factors for eating disorders. Methods. A community cohort study was conducted in Navarra, Spain. A region-wide representative sample of 2862 girls who were 12 to 21 years of age completed the Eating Attitudes Test (40-item version) and other questionnaires in 1997. Girls who scored high in the Eating Attitudes Test-40 were interviewed by a psychiatrist who applied Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria to diagnose prevalent cases of eating disorders. Girls who were free of any eating disorder in 1997 were reassessed after 18 months of follow-up using the same methods. Results. Ninety new cases of eating disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria were identified during the follow-up. In the multivariate logistic analysis, a higher risk of incident eating disorder was found for several exposures assessed at the beginning of follow-up, such as younger age, usually eating alone (odds ratio [OR]: 2.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-4.6), and frequently reading girls' magazines or listening to radio programs (OR: 2.1; 1.2-3.8 for those most frequently using both media). No independent association was found for television viewing or socioeconomic status. A marital status of parents different from "being married" was associated with a significantly higher risk in the multivariate analysis (OR: 2.0; 1.1-3.5). Conclusions. Our results support the role of mass media influences and parental marital status in the onset of eating disorders. The habit of eating alone should be considered as a warning sign of eating disorders. KW - Anorexia nervosa KW - Bulimia nervosa KW - Eating disorders KW - Mass media KW - Parental KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - anorexia nervosa KW - article KW - bulimia KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - eating disorder KW - female KW - high risk population KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - mass medium KW - onset age KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - psychiatric diagnosis KW - school child KW - self esteem KW - socioeconomics KW - television KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Attitude to Health KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Eating Disorders KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Mass Media KW - Mass Screening KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Population Surveillance KW - Prospective Studies KW - Questionnaires KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Spain N1 - Cited By :86 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 12563057 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Martínez-González, M.A.; U. de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain; email: mamartinez@unav.es N1 - References: Austin, S.B., Prevention research in eating disorders: Theory and new directions (2000) Psychol Med, 30, pp. 1249-1262; Fairburn, C.G., Welch, S.L., Doll, H.A., Davies, B.A., O'Connor, M.E., Risk factors for bulimia nervosa. A community-based case-control study (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 509-517; Fairburn, C.G., Doll, H.A., Welch, S.L., Hay, P.J., Davies, B.A., O'Connor, M.E., Risk factors for binge eating disorder: A community-based, case-control study (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55, pp. 425-432; Fairburn, C.G., Cooper, Z., Doll, H.A., Welch, S.L., Risk factors for anorexia nervosa: Three integrated case-control comparisons (1999) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56, pp. 468-476; Patton, G.C., Selzer, R., Coffey, C., Carlin, J.B., Wolfe, R., Onset of adolescent eating disorders: Population based cohort study over 3 years (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 765-768; Stettler, N., Tershakovec, A.M., Leonard, M.B., Onset of adolescent eating disorders. Dieting may be an early sign, rather than a cause, of eating disorder (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 1761-1762; Tripp, J.H., Cockett, M., Parents, parenting, and family breakdown (1998) Arch Dis Child, 78, pp. 104-108; Smolak, L., Levine, M.P., Schermer, F., Parental input and weight concerns among elementary school children (1999) Int J Eat Disord, 25, pp. 263-271; Wichstrom, L., Social, psychological and physical correlates of eating problems. A study of the general adolescent population in Norway (1995) Psychol Med, 25, pp. 567-579; Borzekowski, D.L., Robinson, T.N., Killen, J.D., Does the camera add 10 pounds? Media use, perceived importance of appearance, and weight concerns among teenage girls (2000) J Adolesc Health, 26, pp. 36-41; Cusumano, D.L., Thompson, J.K., Media influence and body image in 8-11-year-old boys and girls: A preliminary report on the multidimensional media influence scale (2001) Int J Eat Disord, 29, pp. 37-44; Field, A.E., Camargo, C., Taylor, C.B., Berkey, C.S., Colditz, G.A., Relation of peer and media influences to the development of purging behaviors among preadolescent and adolescent girls (1999) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 153, pp. 1184-1189; Hall, A., Hay, P.J., Eating disorder patient referrals from a population region 1977-1986 (1991) Psychol Med, 21, pp. 697-701; Lucas, A.R., Crowson, C.S., O' Fallon, M., Melton, J., The ups and downs of anorexia nervosa (1999) Int J Eat Disord, 26, pp. 397-405; Pérez-Gaspar, M., Gual, P., De Irala-Estévez, J., Martínez-González, M.A., Lahortiga, F., Cervera, S., Prevalence of eating disorders in a representative sample of female adolescents from Navarra (2000) Med Clin (Barc), 114, pp. 481-486; Gual, P., Pérez-Gaspar, M., Martínez-González, M.A., Lahortiga, F., De Irala-Estévez, J., Cervera, S., Self-esteem, personality, and eating disorders: Baseline assessment of a prospective population-based cohort (2002) Int J Eat Disord, 31, pp. 261-273; Garner, D.M., Garfinkel, P.E., The Eating Attitudes Test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa (1979) Psychol Med, 9, pp. 273-279; Castro, J., Toro, J., Salamero, M., Ginmerg, E., The Eating Attitudes Test. Validation of the Spanish version (1991) Psychol Assess, 7, pp. 175-190; Musitu, G., Garcia, F., Gutiérrez, M., (1994) Manual del AFA. Autoconcepto Forma-A. (Spanish) [Manual of Self-Concept Form A], , Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones; Garner, D.M., Olmsted, M.P., Polivy, J., Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia (1983) Int J Eat Disord, 2, pp. 15-34; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S.A., (2000) Applied Logistic Regression. 2nd Ed., , New York, NY: Wiley; Zipfel, S., Lowe, B., Reas, D.L., Deter, H.C., Herzog, W., Long-term prognosis in anorexia nervosa: Lessons from a 21-year follow-up study (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 721-722; Ben-Tovim, D.I., Walker, K., Gilchrist, P., Freeman, R., Kalucy, R., Esterman, A., Outcome in patients with eating disorders: A 5-year study (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1254-1257; Field, A.E., Cheung, L., Wolf, A.M., Herzog, D.B., Gortmaker, S.L., Colditz, G.A., Exposure to the mass media and weight concerns among girls (1999) Pediatrics, 103 (3). , www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/103/3/e36; Welch, S.L., Doll, H.A., Fairburn, C.G., Life events and the onset of bulimia nervosa: A controlled study (1997) Psychol Med, 27, pp. 515-522; Shisslak, C.M., Crago, M., McKnight, K.M., Estes, L.S., Gray, N., Parnaby, O.G., Potential risk factors associated with weight control behaviors in elementary and middle school girls (1998) J Psychosom Res, 44, pp. 301-313; Button, E.J., Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S., Davies, J., Thompson, M., A prospective study of self-esteem in the prediction of eating problems in adolescent schoolgirls: Questionnaire findings (1996) Br J Clin Psychol, 35, pp. 193-203; Killen, J.D., Taylor, C.B., Hayward, C., Weight concerns influence the development of eating disorders: A 4-year prospective study (1996) J Consult Clin Psychol, 64, pp. 936-940; Martin, G.C., Wertheim, E.H., Prior, M., Smart, D., Sanson, A., Oberklaid, F., A longitudinal study of the role of childhood temperament in the later development of eating concerns (2000) Int J Eat Disord, 27, pp. 150-162; Santonastaso, P., Friederici, S., Favaro, A., Full and partial syndromes in eating disorders: A 1-year prospective study of risk factors among female students (1999) Psychopathology, 32, pp. 50-56; Hsu, L.K., Can dieting cause an eating disorder? (1997) Psychol Med, 27, pp. 509-513; Shisslak, C.M., Crago, M., Estes, L.S., The spectrum of eating disturbances (1995) Int J Eat Disord, 18, pp. 209-219; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London, United Kingdom: National Children's Bureau and City University Press; Tiggemann, M., Pickering, A.S., Role of television in adolescent women's body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness (1996) Int J Eat Disord, 20, pp. 199-203; Robinson, T.N., Television viewing and childhood obesity (2001) Pediatr Clin North Am, 48, pp. 1017-1025 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037315305&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.111.2.315&partnerID=40&md5=608e787ff66c88ac0ab9c7bf98b9f36c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Health selection: The role of inter- and intra-generational mobility on social inequalities in health T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 57 IS - 11 SP - 2217 EP - 2227 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00097-2 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Manor, O. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Power, C. AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth./Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Organization, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel AD - Dept. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AB - This paper investigates the effect of health selection and its contribution to the social class gradient in health. Both inter- and intra-generational mobility were examined. Longitudinal data on health and social class at three life stages (16, 23, 33 years) are from the 1958 British birth cohort. Individuals with poor health were more likely to move down and less likely to move up the social scale, especially at the inter-generational transition. The effect of health selection on the social gradient was variable, of modest size and cannot be regarded as a major explanation for inequalities in health in early adulthood. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Birth cohort KW - GBR KW - Health inequality KW - Health selection KW - Social mobility KW - health status KW - mobility KW - social status KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - controlled study KW - female KW - health behavior KW - health service KW - health status KW - human KW - life cycle KW - male KW - occupation KW - social class KW - United Kingdom PB - Elsevier Ltd N1 - Cited By :51 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 14512251 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Manor, O.; Sch. of Pub. Hlth./Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Organization, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; email: om@cc.huji.ac.il N1 - Funding details: L128251021, Economic and Social Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council N1 - Funding details: Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research N1 - Funding details: L128251021, Economic and Social Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council N1 - Funding details: Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research N1 - Funding text: Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant from the (UK) Economic and Social Research Council under the Health Variations Programme (L128251021) to Chris Power, Sharon Matthews, Stephen Stansfeld and Orly Manor. CP is a Fellow with the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and is grateful to them for personal support. N1 - References: Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical data analysis, , Wiley: New York; Aro, S., Aro, H., Keskimaki, I., Socio-economic mobility among patients with Schizophrenia or major affective disorder (1995) British Journal of Psychiatry, 66, pp. 759-767; Bartley, M., Plewis, I., Does health-selective mobility account for socioeconomic differences in health? Evidence from England and Wales, 1971-1991 (1997) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, pp. 376-386; Blane, D., Davey-Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection what does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Sociology of Health and Illness, 1 (15), pp. 1-15; Blane, D., Harding, S., Rosato, M., Does social mobility affect the size of the socioeconomic mortality differential?: Evidence from the office for national statistics longitudinal study (1999) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 162 (1 PART), pp. 59-70; Blane, D., Davey-Smith, D., Hart, C., Some social and physical correlates of intergenerational social mobility: Evidence from the west of Scotland collaborative study (1999) Sociology, 33, pp. 169-183; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50, pp. 1-27; Breen, R., Rothman, D.B., (1995) Class Stratification: A comparative Perspective, , London: Harvester Wheatsheaf; Breen, R., Whelan, C.T., Gender and class mobility: Evidence from the republic of Ireland (1995) Sociology, 29 (1), pp. 1-22; (1994) National Child Development Study Composite File Including Selected Perinatal Data, Sweeps One to Five [Computer File], , National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit. The Data Archive distributor. SN: 3148. Colchester, Essex; Dahl, E., Kjaersgaard, P., Social mobility and inequality in mortality (1993) European Journal of Public Health, 3, pp. 124-132; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Hole, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) British Medical Journal, 316 (7145), pp. 1631-1635; Davey Smith, G., Morris, J., Increasing inequalities in the health of the nation (1994) British Medical Journal, 309, pp. 1453-1454; Dohrenwend, B.P., Levav, I., Shrout, P.E., Schwartz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B.G., Skodol, A.E., Stueve, A., Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue (1992) Science, 255, pp. 946-952; Elstad, J.I., Health-related mobility, health inequalities and gradient constraint (2001) European Journal of Public Health, 11, pp. 135-140; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Fox, A.J., (1985) Longitudinal Study: Social Class and Occupational Mobility 1971-77, , LS No. 2. London: HMSO; Glendinning, A., Love, J.G., Hendry, L.B., Shucksmith, J., Adolescence and health inequalities: Extensions to Macintrye and West (1992) Social Science & Medicine, 35 (5), pp. 679-687; Illsley, R., Social class selection and class differences in relation to stillbirths and infant deaths (1955) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 1520-1524; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Tracing the origins of ill health from early to adult life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lundberg, O., Childhood living conditions, health status, and social mobility: A contribution to the health selection debate (1991) European Sociological Review, 7 (2), pp. 149-162; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Shema, S.J., Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning (1997) New England Journal of Medicine, 337 (26), pp. 1889-1895; Macintyre, S., The Black report and beyond what are the issues? (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44 (6), pp. 723-745; Mare, R.D., Socio-economic careers and differential mortality among older men in the United States (1990) Measurement and Mortality: New Approaches, pp. 362-387. , J. Vallin, S. de Souza, & A. Polloni (Eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Marmot, M., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M., Marks, N.F., Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44 (6), pp. 901-910; Nystrom Peck, A.M., Childhood environment, intergenerational mobility, and adult health - evidence from Swedish data (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 71-74; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Quarterly Journal of Social Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and class: The early years, , London: Chapman & Hall; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., Fogelman, K., Health in childhood and social inequalities in young adults (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 153, pp. 17-28; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Hope, S., Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socio-economic differentials in psychological distress (2002) Social Science & Medicine, 56, pp. 1989-2004; Power, C., Manor, O., Li, L., Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height-related selection (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 131-134; Rahkonen, O., Arber, S., Lahelma, E., Health-related social mobility: A comparison of currently employed men and women in Britain and Finland in Britain and Finland (1997) Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, 25 (2), pp. 83-92; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.L., Re-thinking the analysis of intergenerational social mobility: A comment on John W. Fox's "social class, mental illness, and social mobility" (1993) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, pp. 165-172; Timms, D., Social mobility and mental health in a Swedish cohort (1996) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 31 (1), pp. 38-48; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1992) Inequalities in health: The black report and the health divide, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Van de Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Looman, C.W., Mackenbach, J.P., Role of childhood health in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in early adult health (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52 (1), pp. 15-19; Van de Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Schrijvers, C.T.M., Mackenbach, J.P., The influence of adult ill health on occupational class mobility and mobility out of and into employment in The Netherlands (1999) Social Science & Medicine, 49, pp. 509-518; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Serious illness in childhood and its association with later life achievement (1986) Class and health, p. 0. , R.G. Wilkinson. London: Tavistock; Walker, A., (1982) Unqualified and underemployed: Handicapped young people and the labour market, , London: Macmillan; West, P., Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32 (4), pp. 373-384; Western, M., Intergenerational class mobility among men and women (1994) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 30, pp. 303-321 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141682085&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2803%2900097-2&partnerID=40&md5=a90aa8e1849b446ed103357edf7194ea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Observational research methods. Research design II: Cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies T2 - Emergency Medicine Journal J2 - Emerg. Med. J. VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 54 EP - 60 PY - 2003 SN - 13510622 (ISSN) AU - Mann, C.J. AD - Department of Accident and Emergency Medicine, Taunton and Somerset Hospital, Taunton, Somerset, United Kingdom AB - Cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies are collectively referred to as observational studies. Often these studies are the only practicable method of studying various problems, for example, studies of aetiology, instances where a randomised controlled trial might be unethical, or if the condition to be studied is rare. Cohort studies are used to study incidence, causes, and prognosis. Because they measure events in chronological order they can be used to distinguish between cause and effect. Cross sectional studies are used to determine prevalence. They are relatively quick and easy but do not permit distinction between cause and effect. Case controlled studies compare groups retrospectively. They seek to identify possible predictors of outcome and are useful for studying rare diseases or outcomes. They are often used to generate hypotheses that can then be studied via prospective cohort or other studies. KW - case control study KW - clinical observation KW - clinical research KW - cohort analysis KW - data base KW - incidence KW - methodology KW - outcomes research KW - prediction KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - prospective study KW - randomization KW - retrospective study KW - review KW - validation process KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Databases KW - Selection Bias N1 - Cited By :321 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EMJMB C2 - 12533370 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mann, C.J.; Dept. of Accident and Emergency Med., Taunton and Somerset Hospital, Taunton, Somerset, United Kingdom; email: tonygood@doctors.org.uk N1 - References: Fowkes, F., Fulton, P., Critical appraisal of published research: Introductory guidelines (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1136-1140; Lerner, D.J., Kannel, W.B., Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: A 26 year follow-up of the Framingham population (1986) Am Heart J, 111, pp. 383-390; Doll, R., Peto, H., Mortality in relation to smoking. 40 years observation on female British doctors (1989) BMJ, 208, pp. 967-973; Alberman, E.D., Butler, N.R., Sheridan, M.D., Visual acuity of a national sample (1958 cohort) at 7 years (1971) Dev Med Child Neurol, 13, pp. 9-14; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1631-1635; Goyder, E.C., Goodacre, S.W., Botha, J.L., How do individuals with diabetes use the accident and emergency department? (1997) J Accid Emerg Med, 14, pp. 371-374; Jaffe, H.W., Bregman, D.J., Selik, R.M., Acquired immune deficiency in the US: The first 1000 cases (1983) J Inf Dis, 148, pp. 339-345; Johnstone, A.J., Zuberi, S.H., Scobie, W.H., Skull fractures in children: A population study (1996) J Accid Emerg Med, 13, pp. 386-389; Van Der Pol, V., Rodgers, H., Aitken, P., Does alcohol contribute to accident and emergency department attendance in elderly people? (1996) J Accid Emerg Med, 13, pp. 258-260; Reidy, A., Minassian, D.C., Vafadis, G., (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1643-1647; Karjaleinen, Kujala, U., Kaprio, J., (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1784-1785; Kunst, A., Groenhof, F., Mackenbach, J., (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1636-1642; Hill, A.B., Hill, I.D., (1991) Bradford Hills Principles of Medical Statistics. 12th edn., , London: Edward Arnold UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037258518&partnerID=40&md5=6a65cb872b4e58f661745d825c01bc55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Higher qualifications, first-birth timing, and further childbearing in England and Wales. T2 - Population trends J2 - Popul Trends IS - 111 SP - 18 EP - 26 PY - 2003 SN - 03074463 (ISSN) AU - Rendall, M.S. AU - Smallwood, S. AB - This article examines how strong the association is between the obtaining of higher educational qualifications and later entry to motherhood, and how these are associated with levels and pace of second and subsequent childbearing. Data from the ONS Longitudinal Study are used to estimate these associations for women born in England and Wales between 1954 and 1958. Average age of entry to motherhood is found to be five years later for women with higher qualifications than for those without. Increasing age of motherhood is always associated with a lower likelihood of going on to have another child, but the decline with age is less pronounced for women with a higher qualification. Moreover, for any given age of childbearing, mothers with a higher qualification are more likely than those without to have another child, and are more likely to do so quickly. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth order KW - cohort analysis KW - education KW - educational status KW - family planning KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - middle aged KW - mother KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Intervals KW - Birth Order KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12743895 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rendall, M.S. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0043133896&partnerID=40&md5=79f29a23ca4f736c677a1cfc698d9757 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic gradients in health status over 29 years of follow-up after midlife: The Alameda county study T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 57 IS - 12 SP - 2305 EP - 2323 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.003 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Frank, J.W. AU - Cohen, R. AU - Yen, I. AU - Balfour, J. AU - Smith, M. AD - Human Population Laboratory, Dept. of Health and Human Services, CA Department of Health Services, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94702, United States AD - School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, United States AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1A8, Canada AD - Dept. of Fam. and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. M5T 1N5, Canada AD - Canadian Inst. for Advanced Research, Population Health Program, 1400-180 Dundas St. W., Toronto, Ont. M5G 1Z8, Canada AD - Institute for Work and Health, 800-481 University Ave., Toronto, Ont. M5G 2E9, Canada AD - CIHR Inst. of Pop. and Public Health, University of Toronto, Banting Building, 100 College St., Toronto, Ont. M5G 1L5, Canada AB - Socioeconomic status is well known to be associated with inverse gradients in a wide range of health outcomes. Very little is known about the precise shape of these relationships and how they evolve through the life-course, although recent work has suggested steep non-linearities for mortality in samples of the entire population that include the very poor. We investigate the shape of gradients, against baseline family income, in gender-specific prevalence rates for seven self-reported health outcomes commonly used on surveys, in a cohort of 1190 men and 1302 women representative of Alameda County, California, aged 40-59 in 1965. Over 29 years of follow-up, four different prevalence-income gradients among surviving subjects are examined as this cohort has aged, in 1965, 1974, 1983 and 1994. Virtually all the gradients are inverse, although there is no simple pattern of shape, or evolution of shape over time, across health outcomes. However, there is a consistent trend for male gradients to be distinctly more non-linear than female gradients, such that the poorest men show disproportionately higher rates of ill health, based on generalized linear piecewise regression models, comparing the low versus high-income slopes of the gradients. However, sub-analyses of only those long-lived cohort members, who survived through all follow-ups, largely abolished the non-linearities in the male prevalence curves (except for "self-assessed health status" and "depression"), making them much more like female curves. This suggests that for all of these common forms of morbidity, the excess prevalence among very low income males was associated with elevated mortality. Confirmation of this observation must await richer data on other aspects of socioeconomic status in comparable cohorts, analyzed with similar methods. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Aging KW - Health inequalities/gradients KW - Morbidity KW - Socioeconomic status KW - aging KW - health services KW - medical geography KW - socioeconomic status KW - adult KW - aged KW - aging KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - female KW - follow up KW - health status KW - health survey KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - normal human KW - outcomes research KW - prevalence KW - regression analysis KW - self report KW - socioeconomics KW - survival rate KW - United States KW - Alameda KW - California KW - United States PB - Elsevier Ltd N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 14572839 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Frank, J.W.; CIHR Inst. of Pop. and Public Health, University of Toronto, Banting Building, 100 College St., Toronto, Ont. M5G 1L5, Canada N1 - References: Adler, N.E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M.A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Socioeconomic status and health. The challenge of the gradient (1994) American Psychologist, 49, pp. 15-24; Arber, S., Comparing inequalities in women's and men's health: Britain in the 1990s (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44, pp. 773-787; Arber, S., Ginn, J., Gender and inequalities in health in later life (1993) Social Science & Medicine, 36, pp. 33-46; Backlund, E., Sorlie, P.D., Johnson, N.J., A comparison of the relationships of education and income with mortality: The national longitudinal mortality study (1999) Social Science & Medicine, 49, pp. 1373-1384; Bartley, M., Unemployment and health. Understanding the relationship (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 48, pp. 333-337; Berkman, L.F., Breslow, L., (1983) Health and ways of living: The Alameda County study, , New York: Oxford University Press; Black, D., Morris, J., Smith, C., Townsend, P., (1982) Inequalities in health, , New York: Penguin Books; Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Sociology of Health and Illness, 15, pp. 1-15; Blaxter, M., (1990) Health and lifestyles, , London: Tavistock/Routledge; Camacho, T., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Alcohol consumption and mortality in Alameda County (1987) Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40, pp. 229-236; Catalano, R., Frank, J.W., Did medical advances and increased health care insurance coverage improve mortality from TB and other causes? (2001) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54, pp. 830-836; Cohen, S., Herbert, T.B., Psychological factors and physical disease from the perspective of psychoneuroimmunology (1996) Annual Review of Psychology, 47, pp. 113-142; Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Magnitude and causes of socio-economic differentials in mortality: Further evidence from the Whitehall study (1990) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 44, pp. 265-270; Evans, R.G., Barer, M.L., Marmor, T.R., (1994) Why are some people healthy and others not?: The determinants of health of populations, , New York, NY: A. de Gruyter; Fein, O., The influence of social class on health status: American and British research on health inequalities (1995) Journal of General Internal Medicine, 10, pp. 577-586; Feinstein, J.S., The relationship between socioeconomic status and health: A review of the literature (1993) Milbank Quarterly, 71, pp. 279-322; Feldman, J.J., Makuc, D.M., Kleinman, J.C., Cornoni-Huntley, J., National trends in educational differentials in mortality (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, pp. 919-933; Fox, J., (1989) Health inequalities in European countries, , Aldershot: Gower; Hauser, R.M., Carr, D., Hauser, T.S., Hayes, J., Krecker, M., (1994) The class of 1957 after 35 years: Overview and preliminary findings, , Madison, WI: Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Hay, D.I., Socioeconomic status and health status: A study of males in the Canada Health Survey (1988) Social Science & Medicine, 27, pp. 1317-1325; Hochstim, J.R., Health and ways of living (1970) The community as an epidemiologic laboratory, pp. 149-176. , I.I. Kessler, & M.L. Levin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press; House, J.S., Kessler, R.C., Herzog, A.R., Age, socioeconomic status, and health (1990) Milbank Quarterly, 68, pp. 383-411; House, J.S., Lepkowski, J.M., Kinney, A.M., Mero, R.P., Kessler, R.C., Herzog, A.R., The social stratification of aging and health (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, pp. 213-234; Joung, I.M., Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Van Poppel, F.W., Mackenbach, J.P., Differences in self-reported morbidity by marital status and by living arrangement (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 23, pp. 91-97; Joung, I.M., Van Der Meer, J.B., Mackenbach, J.P., Marital status and health care utilization (1995) International Journal of Epidemiology, 24, pp. 569-575; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) American Journal of Epidemiology, 117, pp. 292-304; Kaplan, G.A., Haan, M.N., Cohen, R.D., Risk factors and the study of prevention in the elderly: Methodological issues (1992) The epidemiologic study of the elderly, pp. 20-36. , R.B. Wallace, & R.F. Wooson. New York: Oxford University Press; Kaplan, G.A., Keil, J.E., Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature (1993) Circulation, 88, pp. 1973-1998; Kaplan, G.A., Reynolds, P., Depression and cancer mortality and morbidity: Prospective evidence from the Alameda county study (1988) Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 11, pp. 1-13; Kaplan, G.A., Seeman, T.E., Cohen, R.D., Knudsen, L.P., Guralnik, J., Mortality among the elderly in the Alameda County study: Behavioral and demographic risk factors [Published erratum appears in American Journal of Public Health 1987 July;77.] (1987) American Journal of Public Health, 77, pp. 307-312; Kaplan, G.A., Strawbridge, W.J., Camacho, T.C., Cohen, R.D., (1993) Journal of Aging and Health, 5, pp. 140-153; Kaplan, G.A., Strawbridge, W.J., Camacho, T.C., Cohen, R.D., (1996) American Journal of Epidemiology, 144, pp. 793-797; Kitagawa, E.M., Hauser, P.M., (1973) Differential mortality in the united states: A study in socioeconomic epidemiology, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Klein-Hesselink, D.J., Spruit, I.P., The contribution of unemployment to socioeconomic health differences (1992) International Journal of Epidemiology, 21, pp. 329-337; Krieger, N., Williams, D.R., Moss, N.E., Measuring social class in US public health research: Concepts, methodologies, and guidelines (1997) Annual Review of Public Health, 18, pp. 341-378; Kuh, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E., Physical health status at 36 years in a British national birth cohort (1993) Social Science & Medicine, 37, pp. 905-916; Kunst, A.E., Mackenbach, J.P., International variation in the size of mortality differences associated with occupational status (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 23, pp. 742-750; Lahelma, E., Manderbacka, K., Rahkonen, O., Karisto, A., Comparisons of inequalities in health: Evidence from national surveys in Finland, Norway and Sweden (1994) Social Science & Medicine, 38, pp. 517-524; Liang, S.W., Boyce, W.T., The psychobiology of childhood stress (1993) Current Science, 5, pp. 545-551; Liberatos, P., Link, B.G., Kelsey, J.L., The measurement of social class in epidemiology (1988) Epidemiologic Reviews, 10, pp. 87-121; Lundberg, O., Childhood living conditions, health status, and social mobility: A contribution to the health selection debate (1991) European Sociological Review, 7, pp. 149-162; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Shema, S.J., Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning (1997) New England Journal of Medicine, 337, pp. 1889-1895; Lynch, J.W., Smith, G.D., Kaplan, G.A., House, J.S., Income inequality and mortality: Importance to health of individual income, psychosocial environment, or material conditions (2000) British Medical Journal, 320, pp. 1200-1204; MacIntyre, S., The Black Report and beyond: What are the issues? (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44, pp. 723-745; Mackenbach, J.P., Kunst, A.E., Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health: An overview of available measures illustrated with two examples from Europe (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44, pp. 757-771; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 45, pp. 761-771; Marks, N.F., Socioeconomic status, gender, and health at midlife: Evidence from the Wisconsin longitudinal study (1996) Research in the sociology of health care, , J.J. Kronenfeld. Greenwich, CT: JAI; Marmot, M., Epidemiological approach to the explanation of social differentiation in mortality: The Whitehall studies (1993) Sozial und Praventivmedizin, 38, pp. 271-279; Marmot, M., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M., Marks, N.F., Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence (1997) Social Science & Medicine, 44, pp. 901-910; Marmot, M.G., Bobak, M., Davey Smith, G., Explanations for social inequalities in health (1995) Society and health, , B.C.I. Amick, S. Levine, A.R. Tarlov, & D. Chapman Walsh. London: Oxford University Press; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Do socioeconomic differences in mortality persist after retirement? 25 year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 1177-1180; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Marmot, M.G., Smith, G.D., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; McCullaugh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalised linear models, , London: Chapman and Hall; McDonough, P., Duncan, G.J., William, D., House, J., Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States. 1972 through 1989 (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 1476-1483; McEwen, B.S., Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators (1998) New England Journal of Medicine, 338, pp. 171-179; Mirowsky, J., Hu, P.N., Physical impairment and the diminishing effects of income (1996) Social Forces, 74, pp. 1073-1096; North, F., Syme, S.L., Feeney, A., Head, J., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: The Whitehall II study (1993) British Medical Journal, 306, pp. 361-366; Pamuk, E.R., Social class inequality in mortality from 1912 to 1972 in England and Wales (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 17-31; Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., Fisher, G., The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986 [Published erratum appears in New England Journal of Medicine 1993 October 7;329.] (1993) New England Journal of Medicine, 329, pp. 103-109; Popay, J., Bartley, M., Owen, C., Gender inequalities in health: Social position, affective disorders and minor physical morbidity (1993) Social Science & Medicine, 36, pp. 21-32; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 210-221; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and class: The early years, , London: Chapman & Hall; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., Fogelman, K., Health in childhood and social inequalities in health in young adults (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 153, pp. 17-28; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1114; Ren, X.S., Amick, B.C., Race and self-assessed health status (1996) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50, pp. 269-273; Robert, S., House, J.S., SES differentials in health by age and alternative indicators of SES (1996) Journal of Aging and Health, 8, pp. 359-388; Robert, S.A., House, J.S., Socioeconomic inequalities in health: An enduring sociological problem (2000) Handbook of medical sociology 5th Ed., pp. 79-97. , C.E. Bird, P. Conrad, & A.M. Fremont. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; Roberts, R.E., Kaplan, G.A., Shema, S.J., Strawbridge, W.J., Does growing old increase ROSL FPR depression? (1997) American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1384-1390; Roberts, R.E., O'Keefe, S.J., Sex differences in depression reexamined (1981) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, pp. 394-400; Rose, G., Sick individuals and sick populations (1985) International Journal of Epidemiology, 14, pp. 32-38; Sapolsky, R., Social subordinance as a marker of hypercortisolism: Some unexpected subtleties (1995) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 771, pp. 626-639; (1996) Proc Genmod, , Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; Schoenbaum, M., Waidmann, T., Race, socioeconomic status and health: Accounting for race differences (1997) Journal of Gerontology, 52, pp. 61-73; Seeman, T.E., Syme, S.L., Social networks and coronary artery disease: A comparison of the structure and function of social relations as predictors of disease (1987) Psychosomatic Medicine, 49, pp. 341-354; Sorlie, P.D., Backlund, E., Keller, J.B., US mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: The national longitudinal mortality study (1995) American Journal of Public Health, 85, pp. 949-956; Sternberg, E.M., Gold, P.W., The mind-body interaction in disease (1997) Scientific American, 7, pp. 8-15; Stronks, K., Van De Mheen, H., Van Den Bos, J., Mackenbach, J.P., Smaller socioeconomic inequalities in health among women: The role of employment status (1995) International Journal of Epidemiology, 24, pp. 559-568; Sweet, J.A., Bumpass, L.L., Call, V.R.A., (1988) The design and content of the National Survey of Families and Households. NSFH working paper no. 1, , Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Serious illness in childhood and its association with later life achievement (1986) Class and health, , R.G. Wilkinson. London: Tavistock; Wagstaff, A., Paci, P., Van Doorslaer, E., On the measurement of inequalities in health (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 33, pp. 545-557; Wilkinson, R.G., (1986) Class and health: Research and longitudinal data, , London: Tavistock; Wilkinson, R.G., Income distribution and life expectancy (1992) British Medical Journal, 304, pp. 165-168; Wilkinson, R.G., The epidemiological transition: From material scarcity to social disadvantage? (1994) Daedalus, 123, pp. 61-77; Wilkinson, R.G., (1996) Unhealthy societies: The afflictions of inequality, , London: Routledge; Williams, D.R., Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status: Measurement and methodological issues (1996) International Journal of Health Services, 26, pp. 483-505 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0142186772&doi=10.1016%2fj.socscimed.2003.08.003&partnerID=40&md5=d562234135f05bcc8f4d54c94d5b5ef3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does breast feeding protect against later overweight and obesity? T2 - Cesko-Slovenska Pediatrie J2 - Cesko-Slov. Pediatr. VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 9 PY - 2003 SN - 00692328 (ISSN) AU - Koletzko, B. AU - Toschke, A.M. AU - Vignerova, J. AU - Osancova, K. AU - Von Kries, R. AD - Department of Pediatric, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. of Munich, Munich, Germany AD - Inst. for Social Pediat./Adol. Med., Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. of Munich, Munich, Germany AD - National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic AD - Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik and Kinderpoliklinik, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Univ. of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, D-80337 Müchen, Germany KW - epidermal growth factor KW - tumor necrosis factor alpha KW - adipocyte KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - body mass KW - brain pseudotumor KW - breast feeding KW - breast milk KW - caloric intake KW - cardiovascular risk KW - child health care KW - cholelithiasis KW - cohort analysis KW - diet KW - dyslipidemia KW - education KW - genetic predisposition KW - glucose intolerance KW - human KW - hypertension KW - infant nutrition KW - lifestyle KW - liver cirrhosis KW - low birth weight KW - medical examination KW - musculoskeletal disease KW - obesity KW - osteoarthritis KW - outcomes research KW - ovary polycystic disease KW - perinatal period KW - physical activity KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy diabetes mellitus KW - prematurity KW - prevalence KW - protein metabolism KW - public health KW - questionnaire KW - risk factor KW - sleep apnea syndrome KW - smoking KW - triacylglycerol blood level N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CEPEA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Koletzko, B.; Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik and Kinderpoliklinik, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Univ. of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, D-80337 Müchen, Germany; email: cwellbro@helios.med.uni-muenchen.de N1 - Chemicals/CAS: epidermal growth factor, 62229-50-9 N1 - References: (1998) Obesity. Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , Geneva, World Health Organisation; Koletzko, B., Chen, W., Girardet, J.P., Klish, W., Leung, S., Tabacco, O., Obesity in children and adolescents worldwide: Current views and future directions J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., , in press; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and demographics (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. 497-504; Kopelman, P.G., Obesity as a medical problem (2000) Nature, 404, pp. 635-643; Cernerud, L., Height and body mass index of seven-year-old Stockholm schoolchildren from 1940 to 1990 (1993) Acta Paediatr., 82, pp. 304-305; Popkin, B.M., Doak, C.M., The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon (1998) Nutr. Rev., 56, pp. 106-114; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R.A., Williamson, D.F., Berenson, G.S., Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 420-426; Popkin, B.M., The nutrition transition and its health implications in lower-income countries (1998) Public. Health Nutr., 1, pp. 5-21; Drewnowski, A., Popkin, B.M., The nutrition transition: New trends in the global diet (1997) Nutr. Rev., 55, pp. 31-43; Schroeder, D.G., Martorell, R., Flores, R., Infant and child growth and fatness and fat distribution in Guatemalan adults (1999) Amer. J. Epidemiol., 149, pp. 177-185; Martorell, R., Khan, L.K., Hughes, M.L., Grummer, S.L., Obesity in women from developing countries (2000) Europ. J. Clin. Nutr., 54, pp. 247-252; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) New Engl. J. Med., 329, pp. 1008-1012; Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood. Analysis of a British birth cohort (1994) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 148, pp. 681-687; Vanhala, M., Vanhala, P., Kumpusalo, E., Hanonen, P., Takala, J., Relation between obesity from childhood to adulthood and the metabolic syndrome: Population based study (1998) BMJ, 317, p. 319; Dietz, W.H., Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. 518-525; Pinhas, H.O., Dolan, L.M., Daniels, S.R., Standiford, D., Khoury, P.R., Zeitler, P., Increased incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents (1996) J. Pediatr., 128, pp. 608-615; Rashid, M., Roberts, E.A., Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children (2000) J. Pediatr., Gastroenterol. Nutr., 30, pp. 48-53; Kinugasa, A., Tsunamoto, K., Furukawa, N., Sawada, T., Kusunoki, T., Shimada, N., Fatty liver and its fibrous changes found in simple obesity of children (1984) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 3, pp. 408-414; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev. Med., 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Amer. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1094-1101; He, Q., Karlberg, J., Prediction of adult overweight during the pediatric years (1999) Pediatr. Res., 46, pp. 697-703; Blair, S.N., Brodney, S., Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortality: Current evidence and research issues (1999) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 31 (SUPPL.), pp. S646-S662; Jung, R.T., Obesity as a disease (1997) Brit. Med. Bull., 53, pp. 307-321; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) New Engl. J. Med., 327, pp. 1350-1355; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S.J., Nanchahal, K., Peters, T.J., Davey, S.G., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) Amer. J. Clin. Nutr., 67, pp. 1111-1118; Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R.L., Hirsch, J., Obesity (1997) New Engl. J. Med., 337, pp. 396-407; Stunkard, A.J., Sorensen, T.I., Hanis, C., An adoption study of human obesity (1986) New Engl. J. Med., 314, pp. 193-198; Barsh, G.S., Farooqi, I.S., O'Rahilly, S., Genetics of body-weight regulation (2000) Nature, 404, pp. 644-651; Barker, D.J., In utero programming of chronic disease (1998) Clin. Sci., 95, pp. 115-128; Waterland, R.A., Garza, C., Potential mechanisms of metabolic imprinting that lead to chronic disease (1999) Amer. J. Clin. Nutr., 69, pp. 179-197; Ravelli, G.P., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy (1976) New Engl. J. Med., 295, pp. 349-353; Ravelli, A.C., Van-Der, M.J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Bleker, O.P., Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally (1999) Amer. J. Clin. Nutr., 70, pp. 811-816; Pettit, D.J., Baird, H.R., Alleck, K.A., Bennett, P.H., Knowler, W.C., Excessive obesity in offspring of Pima Indian women with diabetes during pregnancy (1983) New Engl. J. Med., 308, pp. 242-245; Von Kries, R., Koletzko, B., Sauerwald, T., Barnet, D., Grunert, V., Breast feeding and obesity: Cross sectional study (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 147-150; Hilson, J.A., Rasmussen, K.M., Kjolhede, C.L., Maternal obesity and breast-feeding success in a rural population of white women (1997) Amer. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1371-1378. , Published erratum appears in Amer. J. Clin. Nutr., 67, 1998, p. 494; Kramer, M.S., Do breast-feeding and delayed introduction of solid foods protect against subsequent obesity? (1981) J. Pediatr., 98, pp. 883-887; Kulig, M., Bergmann, R., Edenharter, G., Wahn, U., Does allergy in parents depend on allergy in their children? Recall bias in parental questioning of atopic diseases (2000) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 105, pp. 274-278. , Multicenter Allergy Study Group; Bergmann, K.E., Bergmann, R.L., Von Kries, R., Does breast-feeding prevent obesity? (2000) Klin. Pädiatr., 212, pp. S75. , Abstract; Rolland, C.M., Cole, T.J., Sempe, M., Tichet, J., Rossignol, C., Charraud, A., Body mass index variations: Centiles from birth to 87 years (1991) Europ. J. Clin. Nutr., 45, pp. 13-21; Toschke, A.M., Vignerova, J., Lhotska, L., Osancova, K., Koletzko, B., Von Kries, R., Overweight and obesity in 6- to 14-year-old Czech children in 1991: Protective effect of breastfeeding (1991) J. Pediatrics, , in press; Lucas, A., Boyes, S., Bloom, S.R., Aynsley, G.A., Metabolic and endocrine responses to a milk feed in six-day-old term infants: Differences between breast and cow's milk formula feeding (1981) Acta Paediatr. Scand., 70, pp. 195-200; Lucas, A., Sarson, D.L., Blackburn, A.M., Adrian, T.E., Aynsley, G.A., Bloom, S.R., Breast vs bottle: Endocrine responses are different with formula feeding (1980) Lancet, 1, pp. 1267-1269; Parizkova, J., Rolland, C.M., High proteins early in life as a predisposition for later obesity and further health risks (1997) Nutrition, 13, pp. 818-819; Rolland, C.M., Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: A follow up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 years of age (1995) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab., Disord., 19, pp. 573-578 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037277937&partnerID=40&md5=abae80070af0fd934d9b3a40fa142057 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Collaborative Perinatal Project: Lessons and legacy T2 - Annals of Epidemiology J2 - Ann. Epidemiol. VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 303 EP - 311 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00479-9 SN - 10472797 (ISSN) AU - Hardy, J.B. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States AD - MDCM, Dept. of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 550 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Pregnancy KW - cerebral palsy KW - data analysis KW - epidemiological data KW - epilepsy KW - hearing KW - history KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - interpersonal communication KW - learning KW - maternal mortality KW - medical research KW - mental deficiency KW - perinatal care KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - publication KW - quality control KW - reproduction KW - review KW - sampling KW - spontaneous abortion KW - stillbirth KW - visual disorder PB - Elsevier Inc. N1 - Cited By :97 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ANNPE C2 - 12821268 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hardy, J.B.; MDCM, Dept. of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 550 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; email: jhardy@jhmi.edu N1 - References: Stouffer, S.A., The American Soldier, 1-4, pp. 1949-1950. , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Hyman, H.H., (1954) Survey Design and Analysis: Principles, Cases and Procedures, , Glencoe: Free Press; Lazersfield, P.F., Rosenberg, M., (1955) The Language of Social Research: A Reader in the Methodology of Social Research, , Glencoe: Free Press; Masland, R., (1972) Cited in Niswander K, Gordon M, , The Woman and Their Pregnancies: Washington, DC: US Gov. Printing Press.:2; Little, W.J., On the influence of abnormal parturition, difficult labour, premature birth and asphyxia neonatorum on the mental and physical condition of the child, especially in relation to deformities (1862) Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London., 3, pp. 293-344; Lillienfeld, A.M., Parkhurst, E., A study of the association of factors of pregnancy and parturition with cerebral palsy (1951) Am J Hyg., 53, pp. 62-282; Rutter, M., Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms (1987) Am J Orthopsychiatry., 57, pp. 316-331; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1977) Kauai's Children Come of Age, , Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press; Werner, E.E., Vulnerability and Resiliency in Children At Risk For Delinquency (1987) The Prevention of Delinquent Behavior, pp. 16-43. , D.B. Burchard, & S.N. Burchard. Beverly Hills: Sage; Werner EE, Smith RS. Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood. Ithaca: Cornell University; 1992:279; Butler NR, Bonham DG. Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey. Edinburgh and London: ES Livingston, Ltd; 1963: 304; Butler NR, Alberman ED. Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 Perinatal Mortality Survey. Edinburgh and London: ES Livingston; 1969: 394; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology., 6, pp. 81-110; Niswander KR, Gordon M. The Women and Their Pregnancies: The Collaborative Perinatal Study of the NINDS. Washington DC: US Gov. Printing Press; 1972:540; Apgar, V., A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant (1953) Current Research in Anesthesia and Analgesia., 32, pp. 260-267; Klebanoff, M.A., Levine, R.J., DerSimonian, R., Clemens, J.D., Wilkins, D.G., Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion (1999) N Engl J Med., 341, pp. 1639-1644; Broman, S., The Collaborative Perinatal Project: An overview (1984) Handbook of Longitudinal Research, v. 1, pp. 185-215. , S.A. Mednick, M. Haraway, & K.M. Finello. New York: Praeger Pub; Hardy JB, Drage JS, Jackson EC. The First Year of Life. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1979:336; Broman SH, Nichols PL, Kennedy WA. Preschool IQ: Prenatal and Early Developmental Correlates. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. Inc.; 1975:326; Lassman FM, Fisch RD, Vetter DK, La Benz ES, La Benz PJ. Early Correlates of Speech, Language and Hearing. Littleton: PSG Publishing Co; 1980:858; Sever, J.L., Hardy, J.B., Nelson, K.B., Gilkerson, M.R., Rubella in the collaborative perinatal research study (1969) Am J Dis Child., 118, pp. 123-132; Hardy, J.B., Monif, G.R.G., Medearis, D.V., Sever, J.L., Postnatal transmission of rubella virus to nurses (Letter to the Editor) (1965) JAMA., 191, p. 1034; Hardy, J.B., McCracken G.H., Jr., Gilkerson, M.R., Sever, J.L., Adverse fatal outcome following maternal rubella after the first trimester of pregnancy (1969) JAMA., 207, pp. 2414-2420; Korones, S.B., Todaro, J., Roane, J.A., Sever, J.L., Maternal virus infection after the first trimester and status of offspring to 4 years of age in a predominately negro population (1970) J Pediatr., 73, pp. 245-251; Sever, J.L., Ellenberg, J.H., Ley, A.C., Madden, D.L., Fuccillo, D.A., Tzanu, N.R., Toxoplasmosis: Maternal and pediatric findings in 23,000 pregnancies (1988) Pediatrics., 82, pp. 181-192; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) N Engl J Med., 295, pp. 1029-1033; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prognosis in children with febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics., 61, pp. 720-727; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Epidemiology of cerebral palsy (1978) Adv Neurol., 19, pp. 421-435; Mitchell, S.C., Froehlich, L.A., Banas, J.S., Gilkerson, M.R., An epidemiologic assessment of primary endocardial fibroelastosis (1966) Am J Cardiol., 18, pp. 859-866; Mitchell, S.C., Korones, S.B., Berendes, H.W., Congenital heart disease in 56,109 births: Incidence and natural history (1971) Circulation., 43, pp. 323-332; Mitchell, S.C., Sellmann, A.H., Westphal, M.C., Tark, J., Etiological correlates in a study of congenital heart disease in 56,109 births (1971) Am J Cardiol., 28, pp. 653-657; Hardy, J.B., Welcher, D.W., Stanley, J., Dallas, J.R., The long range outcome of adolescent pregnancy (1978) Clin Obstet Gynecol., 4, pp. 1215-1232; Hardy JB, Zabin LS. Adolescent Pregnancy in an Urban Environment: Issues, Programs and Evaluations. Washington DC: The Urban Institute Press; 1991:398; Denno, D.J., Neuropsychological and early environmental correlates of sex differences in crime (1984) Int J Neurol., 23, pp. 199-214; Seidman, L.J., Buka, S.L., Goldstein, J.M., Horton, N.J., Reider, R.O., Tsuang, M.T., The relationship of prenatal and perinatal complications to cognitive functioning at age 7 in New England cohorts of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (2000) Schizophr Bull., 26, pp. 309-319; Goldstein, J.M., Seidman, L.J., Buka, S.L., Horton, N.J., Donatelli, J.L., Reider, R.O., Tsuang, M.T., Impact of genetic vulnerability and hypoxia on overall intelligence by age 7 in offspring at high risk for schizophrenia compared with affective psychoses (2000) Schizophr Bull., 26, pp. 323-331; Hardy, J.B., Shapiro, S., Mellits, E.D., Skinner, E.A., Astone, N.M., Ensminger, M., Self-sufficiency at ages 27-33 years: Factors present between birth and 18 years that predict educational attainment among children born to inner-city mothers (1997) Pediatrics., 99, pp. 80-87; Hardy, J.B., Shapiro, S., Astone, N.M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Miller, T.I., Like mother, like child: Intergenerational patterns of age at first birth and adult outcomes in the second generation (1998) Dev Psychol., 34, pp. 1220-1232; Barker, D.J., Fetal origins of coronary heart disease (1995) BMJ., 331, pp. 171-174; Eaton, W.W., Conception to death cohort study (2002) Ann Epidemiol., , In press; Jones, R.W., Ring, S., Tyfield, L., Hamvas, R., Simmons, H., Pembrey, M., A new human genome resource: A DNA bank established as part of the AVON Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childbirth (ALSPAC) (2000) Eur J Hum Genet., 8, pp. 653-660; Childs, B., (2000) Genetic Medicine: A logic of disease, , Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life-Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford: OUP UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038479971&doi=10.1016%2fS1047-2797%2802%2900479-9&partnerID=40&md5=c0ef1b4639b2c08b71e32a0c2f377c84 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 57 IS - 11 SP - 2193 EP - 2205 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00083-2 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AU - Butterworth, S.L. AU - Hardy, R.J. AU - Kuh, D.J. AU - Richards, M. AU - Langenberg, C. AU - Hilder, W.S. AU - Connor, M. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol./Public Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Although the life course prospective study design has many benefits, and information from such studies is in increasing demand for scientific and policy purposes, it has potential inherent design problems associated with its longevity. These are in particular the fixed sample structure and the data collected in early life, which are each determined by the scientific principles of another time and the risk over time of increased sample loss and distortion through loss. The example of a national birth cohort in Britain, studied from birth so far to age 53 years is used to address these questions. Although the response rate is high, avoidable loss, which was low in childhood, increased in adulthood, and was highest in those in adverse socio-economic circumstances and those with low scores on childhood cognitive measures. Recent permanent refusal rate rises may be the result of better tracing and/or a response to increased requests for biological measurement. Nevertheless, the responding sample continues in most respects to be representative of the national population of a similar age. Consistency of response over the study's 20 data collections has been high. The size of the sample responding in adulthood is adequate for the study of the major costly diseases, and for the study of functional ageing and its precursors. This study's continuation has depended not only on scientific value but also policy relevance. Although the problems inherent in the prospective design are unavoidable they are not, in the study described, a barrier to scientific and policy value. That seems also likely in Britain's two later born national birth cohort studies that have continued into adulthood. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Britain KW - Cohort KW - Life-course KW - Longitudinal KW - Sample representativeness KW - study perspective KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - cognition KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - life event KW - male KW - newborn KW - population research KW - social behavior KW - social life KW - socioeconomics PB - Elsevier Ltd N1 - Cited By :179 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 14512249 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wadsworth, M.E.J.; Dept. of Epidemiol./Public Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: m.wadsworth@ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Aboderin, I., Kalache, A., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lynch, J.W., Yajnik, C.S., Kuh, D., Yach, D., (2002) Life course perspectives on coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes: Key issues and implications for policy and research, , Geneva: World Health Organisation; Baltes, P.B., Baltes, M.M., (1990) Successful aging, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and infant origins of adult disease, , London: BMJ Publishing; Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers and babies and health in later life (2nd ed.), , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 285-293; Bifulco, A., Moran, P., (1998) Wednesday's child, , London: Routledge; Blane, D., Montgomery, S., Berney, L., Social class differences in lifetime exposure to environmental hazards (1998) Sociology of Health and Illness, 20, pp. 532-536; Brunner, E.J., Shipley, M.J., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Marmot, M.G., When does cardiovascular risk start? (1999) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 53, pp. 757-764; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1997) Twenty-something in the 1990s, , Aldershot: Dartmouth Press; Caspi, A., Elder, G.H., Emergent family patterns (1988) Relationships within families, , R.A. Hinde, & J. Stevenson-Hinde. New York: Oxford University Press; Dawber, T.R., (1980) The Framingham study: The epidemiology of atherosclerostic disease, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; De Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Dos Santos Silva, I., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Swerdlow, A.J., Birth weight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British cohort (2000) British Journal of Cancer, 83, pp. 964-968; Deary, I., Whalley, L., Lemmon, H., Crawford, J., Starr, J., The stability of individual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age: Follow-up of the 1932 Scottish mental survey (2000) Intelligence, 28, pp. 49-55; Douglas, J.W.B., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children under five, , London: Allen and Unwin Ltd; Eaton, W.W., The logic of a conception-to-death cohort study (2002) Annals of Epidemiology, 12, pp. 445-451; Erikson, E.H., (1963) Childhood and society, , Norton: New York; (1999) Survey on the current status of research into 'ageing' in Europe, , Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; Farringdon, D.P., Gallagher, B., Morley, L., St Ledger, R.J., West, D.J., Minimising attrition in longitudinal research: Methods of tracing and securing cooperation in a 24-year follow-up study (1990) Data Quality in Longitudinal Research, pp. 122-147. , D. Magnusson, & L.R. Bergmann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the national child development study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., (2003) Changing Britain, changing lives: Three generations at the turn of the century, , London: Institute of Education Press; Forsdahl, A., Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease (1978) Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 32, pp. 34-37; Friedman, H.S., Tucker, J.S., Schwartz, J.E., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Martin, L., Wingard, D.L., Criqui, M.H., Psychosocial and behavioral predictors of longevity (1995) American Psychologist, 50, pp. 69-78; Golding, J., Pembrey, M., Jones, R., ALSPAC-the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children. 1, Study methodology (2001) Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology, 15, pp. 74-87; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Nanchalal, K., Braddon, F.E.M., Pemberton, J., Peters, T.J., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow-up of the carnegie (Boyd-Orr) survey of diet and heath in pre-war Britain (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52, pp. 142-152; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S., Nanchalal, K., Braddon, F.E.M., Davey Smith, G., Lifecourse and later disease: A follow-up study based on a survey of family diet and health in pre-war Britain (1937-9) (1996) Public Health, 110, pp. 85-94; Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Does early growth influence timing of the menopause? Evidence from a British birth cohort (2002) Human Reproduction, 17, pp. 2474-2479; (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R., Marmot, M.G., Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Kuh, D., Ben Shlomo, Y., (1997) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., A life course approach to women's health: Linking the past, present, and future (2002) A life course approach to women's health, pp. 397-412. , D. Kuh, & R. Hardy. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years as related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: A post war birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 1076-1080; Longford, N.T., Ely, M., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Handling missing data in diaries of alcohol consumption (2000) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 163, pp. 381-402; Magnusson, D., (1996) The lifetime development of individuals, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Mann, S.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Colley, J.R.T., Accumulation of factors influencing respiratory illness in members of a national birth cohort and their offspring (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 286-292; Nazroo, J., The English longitudinal study of ageing (ELSA): A new data resource on health, economic position and quality of life of older people (2001) Generation Review, 11, p. 14; (1974) Mortality statistics: Childhood. Series DH3 No. 1, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. London, Her Majesty's Stationary Office; Palmore, E., Busse, E.W., Maddox, G.L., Nowlin, J.B., Siegler, I.C., (1985) Normal aging III. Reports from the Duke longitudinal studies, 1975-1984, , Durham: Duke University Press; Reid, D.D., The beginnings of chronic bronchitis (1969) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 62, pp. 311-316; Richards, M., Sacker, A., Lifetime antecedents of cognitive reserve Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, , in press; Rudinger, G., Thomae, H., The Bonn longitudinal study of aging (1990) Successful aging, pp. 265-295. , P. Baltes, & M.M. Baltes. New York: Cambridge University Press; Schroots, J.J.F., (1993) Aging, health and competence, , New York: Elsevier; Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Twenty-something in the 1990s, , J. Bynner, E. Ferri, P. Shepherd (Eds.). Aldershot, Ashgate; Smith, K., Joshi, H., The millennium cohort study (2002) Population Trends, 107, pp. 30-34; Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W.B., (1995) Data collection and management: A practical guide, , Thousand Oaks: Sage; Stratford, R., Mulligan, J., Downie, B., Voss, L., Threats to validity in the longitudinal study of psychological effects: The case of short stature (1999) Child: Care Health and Development, 25, pp. 401-419; Susser, E., Terry, M.B., Matte, T., The birth cohorts grow up (2000) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 14, pp. 98-100; Tucker, J.S., Friedman, H.S., Schwartz, J.E., Criqui, M.H., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D.L., Martin, L.R., Parental divorce: Effects on individual behaviour and longevity (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, pp. 381-391; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The imprint of time: Childhood, history and adult life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Social and historical influences on parent-child relations in midlife (1996) The parental experience in midlife, , C. Ryff, M. M. Seltzer (Eds.). Chicago: Chicago University Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Changing lives (2003) Changing Britain, changing lives, , E. Ferri, J. Bynner, M. E. J. Wadsworth (Eds.). London: Institute of Education Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Hardy, R.J., Paul, A.A., Marshall, S.F., Cole, T.J., Leg and trunk length at 43 years in relation to childhood health, diet and family circumstances: Evidence from the 1946 national birth cohort study (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 383-390; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Jarrett, R.J., Incidence of diabetes in the first 26 years of life (1974) Lancet, (2), pp. 172-1174; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D.J., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work from the British 1946 national birth cohort study (1997) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 11, pp. 2-20; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141682091&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2803%2900083-2&partnerID=40&md5=3cb76a3cefab61dcf979af0296bb7e86 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sex differences in health at ages 11, 13 and 15 T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 56 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 39 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00010-2 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Sweeting, H. AU - West, P. AD - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, 4, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8RZ, United Kingdom AB - This paper tests the hypothesis of an emerging or increasing female excess in general ill-health and physical symptoms, as well as psychological distress, during early to mid-adolescence. Self-reported data on general health (longstanding illness and health in the last 12 months), recent symptoms (classified as 'physical' and 'malaise') and depressive mood were obtained from a large, Scottish, school-based cohort at ages 11, 13 and 15. Generally high levels of health problems at age 11 tended to increase with age, these increases being greater for females than males, not only in respect of depression and 'malaise' symptoms, but also limiting illness, 'poor' self-rated health, headaches, stomach problems and dizziness. The consequence, by age 15, is the emergence of a female excess in general ill-health and depressive mood, and a substantial strengthening of the small excess in both 'physical' and 'malaise' symptoms already apparent at 11 years. These findings are discussed in relation to explanations for the adult female excess in poorer health, and the emergence of a female excess of depression during adolescence. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. KW - Adolescence KW - Gender KW - Psychological distress KW - Scotland KW - Self-reported health KW - gender disparity KW - health status KW - mental health KW - self assessment KW - young population KW - adolescent KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - distress syndrome KW - female KW - headache KW - health status KW - human KW - hypothesis KW - major clinical study KW - malaise KW - male KW - school child KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - stomach disease KW - symptom KW - United Kingdom KW - vertigo KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescent Psychology KW - Affective Symptoms KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Depression KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Health KW - Scotland KW - Self Assessment (Psychology) KW - Sex Factors KW - Somatoform Disorders KW - Stress, Psychological KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 12435549 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sweeting, H.; MRC Social/Pub. Hlth. Sciences Unit, 4, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom; email: helen@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk N1 - References: Allgood-Merten, B., Lewinsohn, P., Hops, H., Sex differences and adolescent depression (1990) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, pp. 55-63; Altman, D., Machin, D., Bryant, T., Gardner, M., (2000) Statistics with confidence 2nd ed, , London: BMJ Books; Angold, A., Costello, E., Worthman, C., Puberty and depression: The roles of age, pubertal status and pubertal timing (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 51-61; Bennett, D., Young people and their health needs: A global perspective (1985) Seminars in Adolescent Medicine, 1, pp. 1-14; Bird, C., Rieker, P., Gender matters: An integrated model for understanding men's and women's health (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 48, pp. 745-755; Cadman, D., Boyle, M., Szatmari, P., Offord, D., Chronic illness, disability, and mental and social well-being: Findings of the Ontario child health study (1986) Pediatrics, 79, pp. 805-813; Casper, R., Belanoff, J., Offer, D., Gender differences, but no racial group differences, in self-reported psychiatric symptoms in adolescents (1996) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, pp. 500-508; Cohen, P., Cohen, J., Kasen, S., Velez, C., Hartmark, C., Johnson, J., Rojas, M., Struening, E., An epidemiological study of disorders in late childhood and adolescence - 1. Age- and gender-specific prevalence (1993) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, pp. 851-867; Cohen, P., Pine, D., Must, A., Kasen, S., Brook, J., Prospective associations between somatic illness and mental illness from childhood to adulthood (1998) American Journal of Epidemiology, 147, pp. 232-239; Cyranowski, J., Frank, E., Young, E., Shear, K., Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression: A theoretical model (2000) Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp. 21-27; Dalsgaard-Nielsen, T., Engberg-Pedersen, H., Holm, H., Clinical and statistical investigations of the epidemiology of migraine: An investigation of the onset age and its relation to sex, adrenarche, menarche and the menstrual cycle in migraine patients, and of the menarche, age, sex distribution and frequency of migraine (1970) Danish Medical Bulletin, 17, pp. 138-148; Deubner, D., An epidemiologic study of migraine and headache in 10-20 year olds (1977) Headache, 17, pp. 173-180; Ecob, R., Sweeting, H., West, P., Mitchel, R., (1996) The West of Scotland 11 to 16 Study: Schools, Sample Design and Implementation Issues, , MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No. 61. Glasgow: MRC Medical Sociology Unit (Available on request); Eiser, C., Havermans, T., Eiser, J., The emergence during adolescence of gender differences in symptom reporting (1995) Journal of Adolescence, 18, pp. 307-316; Eme, R., Sex differences in childhood psychopathology: A review (1979) Psychological Bulletin, 86, pp. 574-595; Garsen, B., Rijken, H., Clinical aspects and treatment of the hyperventilation syndrome (1986) Behavioural Psychotherapy, 14, pp. 46-68; Gove, W., Herb, T., Stress and mental illness among the young: A comparison of the sexes (1974) Social Forces, 53, pp. 256-265; Hamburg, B., Early adolescence: A specific and stressful stage of the life cycle (1974) Coping and Adaptation, , G. Coelho, D. Hamburg, & J. Adams (Eds.). New York: Basic Books; Kandel, D., Davies, M., Epidemiology of depressive mood in adolescents (1982) Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1205-1212; Kessler, R., McGonagle, K., Swartz, M., Blazer, D., Nelson, C., Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey: I. Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence (1993) Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, pp. 85-96; Klepp, K-I., Aas, H., Maeland, J., Alasker, F., Selvrapportert helse blant yngre tenaringer (Self-reported health problems among school pupils) (1996) Tidsskr Nor Loegerforen, 1116, pp. 2032-2037; Kraemer, S., The fragile male (2000) British Medical Journal, 321, pp. 1609-1612; Lewinsohn, P., Hops, H., Roberts, R., Seeley, J., Andrews, J., Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students (1993) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, pp. 133-144; Lewinsohn, P., Seeley, J., Hibbard, J., Rohde, P., Sack, W., Cross-sectional and prospective relationships between physical morbidity and depression in older adolescents (1996) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1120-1129; Macintyre, S., Hunt, K., Sweeting, H., Gender differences in health: Are things really as simple as they seem? (1996) Social Science and Medicine, 42, pp. 617-624; Martin, P., Nathan, P., Milech, D., Van Keppel, M., Cognitive therapy vs. self-management training in the treatment of chronic headaches (1989) British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, pp. 347-361; Mechanic, D., Hansell, S., Adolescent competence, psychological well-being, and self-assessed physical health (1987) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, pp. 364-374; Miles, A., (1991) Women, health and medicine, , Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Mirowsky, J., Ross, C., Sex differences in distress: Real or artefact? (1995) American Sociological Review, 60, pp. 449-468; Nathanson, C., Illness and the feminine role: A theoretical review (1975) Social Science and Medicine, 9, pp. 57-62; Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J., The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence (1994) Psychological Bulletin, 115, pp. 424-443; Bridgwood, A., Lilly, R., Thomas, M., Bacon, J., Sykes, W., Morris, S., (2000) Living in Britain: Results from the 1998 General Household Survey, , London: The Stationery Office; Petersen, A., Sarigiani, P., Kennedy, R., Adolescent depression: Why more girls? (1991) Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20, p. 1991; Rierdan, J., Koff, E., Weight, weight-related aspects of body image, and depression in early adolescent girls (1997) Adolescence, 32, pp. 615-624; Shepherd, P., Appendix 1: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-187. , E. Ferri (Ed.). London: National Children's Bureau; Simmons, R., Blyth, D., Van Cleave, E., Bush, D., Entry into early adolescence: The impact of school structure, puberty and early dating on self-esteem (1979) American Sociological Review, 44, pp. 948-967; Steinberg, L., Morris, A., Adolescent development (2001) Annual Review of Psychology, 52, pp. 83-110; Sweeting, H., Reversals of fortune? Sex differences in health in childhood and adolescence (1995) Social Science and Medicine, 40, pp. 77-90; Sweeting, H., West, P., Health at age 11: Reports from schoolchildren and their parents (1998) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 78, pp. 427-434; Sweeting, H., Der, G., West, P., (2001) Bias, Attrition and Weighting in Respect of the West of Scotland 11 to 16 Study Baseline, S2 and S4 Sweeps, , MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit Working Paper No. 9. Glasgow: MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit (Available on request); Verbrugge, L., Gender and health: An update on hypotheses and evidence (1985) Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 26, pp. 156-182; Verbrugge, L., Wingard, D., Sex differentials in health and mortality (1987) Women & Health, 12, pp. 103-145; Weinman, J., Editorial (1987) Psychology and Health, 1, p. 1; Weisenberg, M., Pain and pain control (1977) Psychological Bulletin, 84, pp. 1008-1044; West, P., Ford, G., Hunt, K., Macintyre, S., Ecob, R., How sick is the West of Scotland? Age specific comparisons with national datasets on a range of health measures (1994) Scottish Medical Journal, 39, pp. 101-109; West, P., Sweeting, H., (1996) Background, Rationale and Design of the West of Scotland 11 to 16 Study, , MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No. 53. Glasgow: MRC Medical Sociology Unit (Available on request); West, P., Sweeting, H., Nae job, nae future: Young people and health in a context of unemployment (1996) Health & Social Care in the Community, 4, pp. 50-62; West, P., Sweeting, H., Fifteen, female and stressed: Changing patterns of psychological distress over time Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, , submitted for publication; West, P., Sweeting, H., Speed, E., We really do know what you do: A comparison of reports from 11 year olds and their parents in respect of parental economic activity and occupation (2001) Sociology, 35, pp. 539-559; Whitehead, M., (1987) The Health Divide: Inequalities in Health in the 1980s, , London: Health Education Authority; Williams, J., Currie, C., Self-esteem and physical development in early adolescence: Pubertal timing and body image (2000) Journal of Early Adolescence, 20, pp. 129-149; Zealley, A., Psychiatry in general medicine (1983) Companion to psychiatric studies, pp. 557-569. , R. Kendell, & A. Zealley. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037210221&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2802%2900010-2&partnerID=40&md5=e5c1ec5c5895bc6ecb5ef61a3fd458cd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling community-level effects on preterm birth T2 - Annals of Epidemiology J2 - Ann. Epidemiol. VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 377 EP - 384 PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00480-5 SN - 10472797 (ISSN) AU - Kaufman, J.S. AU - Dole, N. AU - Savitz, D.A. AU - Herring, A.H. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Univ. of NC School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AD - Carolina Population Center, Univ. of NC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AD - Department of Biostatistics, Univ. of NC School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology (CB#7435), Univ. of NC School of Public Health, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Pittsboro Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, United States AB - PURPOSE: We demonstrate modeling of community-level socioeconomic influences on risk of preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation) in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN) Study. METHODS: Community-level information from the US Census was linked to 930 White and 817 African-American (Black) participants from a prospective cohort in central North Carolina through geocoded addresses, providing 123 census tracts with community-level and individual-level data for multi-level statistical analyses. RESULTS: Preterm delivery was experienced by 12.1% of Black and 10.4% of White participants. No appreciable aggregation of risk by community was discernable for White women. For Black women, random-coefficient logistic regression tract-specific preterm prevalence estimates ranged from 10.1% to 14.5%, "shrunk" from observed prevalences of 0% to 100%. Adding tract-level variables to the model representing median splits for household income and percent of single women heads of households with dependents, adjusting for individual-level maternal age and household income, accounted for much of the remaining between-tracts variation. CONCLUSIONS: Residing in a wealthier tract (> $30,000/year median income) was associated with reduced risk for Black women, adjusted OR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.96). The estimated conditional effect of lower community prevalence of female headed households was OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.43, 1.17). © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Labor KW - Logistic Models KW - Premature/Epidemiology KW - Residence Characteristics/Statistics and Numerical Data KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - Caucasian KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - household KW - human KW - income KW - infection KW - logistic regression analysis KW - major clinical study KW - maternal age KW - Negro KW - nutrition KW - population model KW - population research KW - pregnancy KW - premature labor KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - randomization KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomics KW - United States PB - Elsevier Inc. N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ANNPE C2 - 12821277 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kaufman, J.S.; Department of Epidemiology (CB#7435), Univ. of NC School of Public Health, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Pittsboro Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, United States; email: Jay_Kaufman@unc.edu N1 - References: Wilcox, A.J., Skjaerven, R., Birth weight and perinatal mortality: The effect of gestational age (1992) Am J Public Health., 82, pp. 378-382; (1985) Preventing low birthweight. Committee to Study the Prevention of Low Birthweight, , Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; Berkowitz, G.S., Papiernik, E., Epidemiology of preterm birth (1993) Epidemiol Rev., 15, pp. 414-443; Shiono, P.H., Klebanoff, M.A., A review of risk scoring for preterm birth (1993) Clin Perinatol., 20, pp. 107-125; Grimes, D.A., Schulz, K.F., Randomized controlled trial of home uterine activity monitoring: A review and critique (1992) Obstet Gynecol., 79, pp. 137-142; Ventura, S.J., Martin, J.A., Curtin, S.C., Mathews, T.J., Park, M.M., Births: Final data for 1998. National Vital Statistics Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics (2000) March, 48, pp. 1-100; Lieberman, E., Ryan, K.J., Monson, R.R., Schoenbaum, S.C., Risk factors accounting for racial differences in the rate of premature birth (1987) N Engl J Med., 317, pp. 743-748; Hogue, C.J.R., Yip, R., Preterm delivery: Can we lower the Black infant's first hurdle? (1989) JAMA., 262, pp. 548-550; Adams, M.M., Read, J.A., Rawlings, J.S., Harlass, F.B., Sarno, A.P., Rhodes, P.H., Preterm delivery among Black and White enlisted women in the United States Army (1993) Obstet Gynecol., 81, pp. 65-71; Shiono, P.H., Rauh, V.A., Park, M., Lederman, S.A., Zuskar, D., Ethnic differences in birthweight: The role of lifestyle and other factors (1997) Am J Public Health., 87, pp. 787-793; Goldenberg, R.L., Cliver, S.P., Mulvihill, F.X., Hickey, C.A., Hoffman, H.J., Klermann, L.V., Medical, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors do not explain the increased risk for low birth weight among black women (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol., 175, pp. 1317-1324; Schoendorf, K.C., Hogue, C.J.R., Kleinman, J.C., Rowley, D., Mortality among infants of Black as compared with White college-educated parents (1992) N Engl J Med., 326, pp. 1522-1526; McGrady, G.A., Sung, J.F.C., Rowley, D.L., Hogue, C.J.R., Preterm delivery and low birth weight among first-born infants of black and white college graduates (1992) Am J Epidemiol., 136, pp. 266-276; Kaufman, J.S., Cooper, R.S., McGee, D.L., Socioeconomic status and health in Blacks and Whites: The problem of residual confounding and the resiliency of race (1997) Epidemiology., 8, pp. 621-628; Kaufman, J.S., Cooper, R.S., Seeking causal inference in social epidemiology (1999) Am J Epidemiol., 150, pp. 113-120; Fedrick, J., Anderson, A.B.M., Factors associated with spontaneous preterm delivery (1976) Brit J Obstet Gynaec., 83, pp. 342-350; Peacock, J.L., Bland, J.M., Anderson, H.R., Preterm delivery: Effects of socioeconomic factors, psychological stress, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine (1995) BM., 311, pp. 531-535; Stein, A., Campbell, E.A., Day, A., McPherson, K., Cooper, P.J., Social adversity, low birth weight, and preterm delivery (1987) BMJ., 295, pp. 291-293; Berkowitz, G.S., An epidemiologic study of preterm delivery (1981) Am J Epidemiol., 113, pp. 81-92; Meis, P.J., Michielutte, R., Peters, T.J., Wells, H.B., Sands, R.E., Coles, E.C., Factors associated with preterm birth in Cardiff, Wales. I. Univariable and multivariable analysis (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol., 173, pp. 590-596; Wildschut, H.I.J., Nas, T., Golding, J., Are sociodemographic factors predictive of preterm birth? A reappraisal of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1997) Brit J Obstet Gynaec., 104, pp. 57-63; Pickett, K.E., Pearl, M., Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: A critical review (2001) J Epidemiol Community Health., 55, pp. 111-122; Collins J.W., Jr., David, R.J., The differential effect of traditional risk factors on infant birthweight among Blacks and Whites in Chicago (1990) Am J Public Health., 80, pp. 679-681; Collins J.W., Jr., Butler, A.G., Racial differences in the prevalence of small-for-dates infants among college-educated women (1997) Epidemiology., 8, pp. 315-317; O'Campo, P., Xue, X., Wang, M.-C., Caughy, M.O., Neighborhood risk factors for low birthweight in Baltimore: A multilevel analysis (1997) Am J Public Health., 87, pp. 1113-1118; Gould, J.B., LeRoy, S., Socioeconomic status and low birth weight: A racial comparison (1988) Pediatrics., 82, pp. 896-904; Roberts, E.M., Neighborhood social environment and the distribution of low birthweight in Chicago (1997) Am J Public Health., 87, pp. 597-603; Herrick, H., The association of poverty and residence in predominantly Black neighborhoods with the occurrence of preterm births among Black women: A case-control study of three North Carolina metropolitan areas (1996) Special Report by The State Center for Health and Environmental Statistics, 99. , Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources; February; Pearl, M., Braveman, P., Abrams, B., The relationship of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics to birthweight among 5 ethnic groups in California (2001) Am J Public Health, 91, pp. 1808-1814; Savitz, D.A., Dole, N., Williams, J., Thorp, J.M., McDonald, T., Carter, A.C., Eucker, B., Determinants of participation in an epidemiological study of preterm delivery (1999) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol., 13, pp. 114-125; (1997) Current Population Reports, Series P60-198, Poverty in the United States: 1996, p. 1. , Washington D.C.: US Government Printing Office; Wong, G.Y., Mason, W.M., The hierarchical logistic regression model for multilevel analysis (1985) J Am Stat Assoc., 80, pp. 513-524; Bryk, A., Raudenbush, S., (1992) Hierarchical linear models, pp. 39-44. , Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications; DiPrete, T.A., Forristal, J.D., Multilevel models: Methods and substance (1994) Annu Rev Sociol., 20, pp. 331-357; Greenland, S., Multilevel modeling and model averaging (1999) Scand J Work Environ Health., 25 (SUPPL. 4), pp. 43-48; Greenland, S., Principles of multilevel modeling (2000) Int J Epidemiol., 29, pp. 158-167; Efron, B., Morris, C.N., Stein's paradox in statistics (1977) Sci Am., 236, pp. 119-127; Rabe-Hesketh, S., Skrondal, A., Pickles, A., Reliable estimation of generalised linear mixed models using adaptive quadrature (2002) The Stata Journal., 2, pp. 1-21; Robinson, L.D., Jewell, N.P., Some surprising results about covariate adjustment in logistic regression models (1991) International Statistical Review., 58, pp. 227-240; Taylor, R.B., Social order and disorder of street blocks and neighborhoods: Ecology, micro-ecology, and the systemic model of social disorganization (1997) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency., 34, pp. 113-155; Oliver, M.L., Shapiro, T.M., (1995) Black wealth/White wealth: A new perspective on racial inequality, , New York: Routledge; Davern, M.E., Fisher, P.J., (2001) US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Household Economic Studies, Series P70-71, , Household Net Worth and Asset Ownership: 1995. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office; Greenland, S., Avoiding power loss associated with categorization and ordinal scores in dose-response and trend analysis (1995) Epidemiology., 6, pp. 450-454; Vargha, A., Rudas, T., Delaney, H.D., Maxwell, S.E., Dichotomization, partial correlation, and conditional independence (1996) J Educ Behav Stat., 21, pp. 264-282; Zeger, S., Liang, K.-H., An overview of methods for the analysis of longitudinal data (1992) Stat Med., 11, pp. 1825-1839; Rosenbaum, P.R., The consequences of adjustment for a concommitant variable that has been affected by treatment (1984) J R Statist Soc A. G E N., 148, pp. 656-666; Weinberg, C.R., Toward a clearer definition of confounding (1993) Am J Epidemiol., 137, pp. 1-8; Blakely, T.A., Woodward, A.J., Ecological effects in multi-level studies (2000) J Epidemiol Commun H., 54, pp. 367-374; Glymour, C., Social statistics and genuine inquiry (1997) Intelligence, Genes and Success: Scientists Respond to "The Bell Curve", pp. 257-280. , B. Devlin, S.E. Fienberg, D.P. Resnick, & K. Roeder. New York: Springer-Verlag; Kaufman, J.S., Kaufman, S., Assessment of structured socioeconomic effects on health (2001) Epidemiology., 12, pp. 157-167 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038121672&doi=10.1016%2fS1047-2797%2802%2900480-5&partnerID=40&md5=b38bbebd6112e28f8f9e2d2d30ada032 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equality and opportunity in education: Evidence from the 1958 and 1970 birth cohort studies T2 - Oxford Review of Education J2 - Oxf. Rev. Educ. VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 405 EP - 425 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1080/0305498022000013599 SN - 03054985 (ISSN) AU - Bynner, J. AU - Joshi, H. AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom AB - There is controversy about whether inequalities and educational outcomes are increasing or decreasing. Using longitudinal data collected in two birth cohort studies started in 1970 and 1958 respectively, the paper examines the evidence in relation to two outcomes, probability of leaving school at 16 and highest qualification achieved. Multi-variate analysis (logistic and OLS regression) was used to model the relationships of these educational outcomes to family social class, taking account of a wide range of early life variables, including living in an urban as opposed to rural location. It is concluded that the impact of social class on educational achievement has not changed across the 12 years covered by the two studies, a result that applies in both rural and urban areas of Britain. N1 - Cited By :62 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bynner, J.; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom N1 - References: Atkinson, A.B., Social exclusion, poverty and unemployment (1997) CASE paper, 4, pp. 1-20. , A.B. Atkinson & J. Hills (Eds) Exclusion, Employment and Opportunity, London, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science; Bernstein, B., Davies, B.C., Some sociological comments on Plowden (1969) Perspectives on Plowden, , London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J.-C., (1977) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, , Beverley Hills, CA, Sage; Bowles, S., Gintis, H., (1976) Schooling in Capitalist America, , London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Breen, R., The persistence of class origin inequalities among school leavers in the Republic of Ireland, 1984-1993 (1998) British Journal of Sociology, 49, pp. 275-298; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50, pp. 1-27; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class, mobility and merit: The experience of two British birth cohorts (1999) European Sociological Review, 17, pp. 81-101; Brooks-Gunn, J., Berlin, L.J., (2000) Profile and Synthesis of Initiatives Addressing Children's Early Education and Development; Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Satsas, M., (2000) Obstacles and Opportunities on the Route to Adulthood. Evidence from rural and urban Britain, , London, Smith Institute; Bynner, J., Childhood risks and protective factors in social exclusion (2001) Children and Society, 15, pp. 285-301; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., Qualifications, basic skills and accelerating social exclusion (2001) British Journal of Education and Work, 14, pp. 279-291; Bynner, J., Morphy, L., Parsons, S., Women, employment and skills (1997) Women and Skills, , H. METCALF (Ed.) (London, Policy Studies Institute); Bynner, J., Steedman, J., (1995) Difficulties with Basic Skills, , London, Basic Skills Agency; Champion, T., Internal migration and the spatial distribution of population (1989) The Changing Population in Britain, pp. 110-132. , H. JOSHI (Ed.); Chapman, P., Phimister, E., Shucksmith, M., Upward, R., Vera-Toscano, E., (1998) Poverty and Exclusion in Rural Britain: The dynamics of low income and employment, , York, Joseph Rowntree Trust; Cohen, J., Multiple regression as a general data-analytic system (1968) Psychological Bulletin, 70, pp. 426-443; Collins, R., (1979) The Credential Society, , New York, Academic Press; (2001) Early Head Start Strategies, , Washington DC, Department of Health and Human Services; Feinstein, L., (1998) Pre-School Educational Inequality? British Children in the 1970 Cohort, , Discussion Paper 404 (London, Centre for Economic Performance, The London School of Economics); Glass, N., Sure start: The development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom (1999) Children and Society, 13, pp. 257-264; Graham, J., Bowling, B., Young people and crime (1995) Home Office Research Study, 145. , London, Home Office; Hakim, C., (1996) Key Issues in Women's Work, , London, Athlone; Halsey, A.H., (1972) Educational Priority: Problems and policies, , London, HMSO; Handy, C., (1984) The Future of Work, , Oxford, Blackwell; Jencks, C., (1972) Inequality: An assessment of the effect of family and schooling in America, , New York, Basic Books; Joshi, H., Cooksey, E., Wiggins, R.D., McCulloch, A., Verropoulou, G., Clarke, L., Diverse family living situations and child development: A multi-level analysis comparing longitudinal evidence from Britain and the United States (1999) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 13, pp. 292-314; McCulloch, A., Joshi, H.E., Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the british national child development study (2001) Social Science and Medicine, 53 (5), pp. 579-591; Parsons, S., Bynner, J., (1998) Influences on Adult Basic Skills, , London, Basic Skills Agency; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Glass: The early years, , London, Chapman Hall; Rake, K., (2000) Women's Incomes over the Lifetime, , London, The Cabinet Office/Stationery Office; Roberts, K., (1984) School Leavers and their Prospects, , Milton Keynes, Open University Press; Saunders, P., (1996) Unequal but Fair? A study of class barriers in Britain, , London, International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA); Saunders, P., Social mobility in Britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing theories (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 261-288; (1999) Bridging the Gap: New Opportunities for 16-18 Year-Olds Not in Education Employment or Training, , London, The Stationery Office; (2000) Report of Policy Action Team 12: Young People, , London, the Stationery Office; Tawney, R.H., (1952) Equality, 4th edn, , London, Capricorn UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036887826&doi=10.1080%2f0305498022000013599&partnerID=40&md5=1c09387fa7f77aeb27a4a5d43ba861df ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socio-economic differentials in psychological distress: Evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 55 IS - 11 SP - 1989 EP - 2004 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00325-2 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Stansfeld, S.A. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Manor, O. AU - Hope, S. AD - Dept. Paediatric Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychiatry, St Bartholomew's/Roy. London Sch. M., Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth./Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Social inequalities in psychological status have been attributed to health selection and to social causation. We used data from the 1958 British birth cohort, followed over three decades, to identify causes of inequality in adulthood. Psychological status prior to labour market entry influenced inter-generational mobility, but selection effects were weaker for intra-generational mobility, between age 23 and 33. However, selection failed to account for social differences in risk of distress of approximately threefold in classes IV&V compared with I&II. Both childhood and adult life factors appeared to contribute to the development of inequalities. The principal childhood factors were ability at age 7 for both sexes and adverse environment (institutional care for men and low class for women). Adult life factors varied, with stronger effects for work factors (job strain and insecurity) for men and qualifications on leaving school, early child-bearing and financial hardship for women. Gradients in psychological distress reflect the cumulative effect of multiple adversities experienced from childhood. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Birth cohort KW - Health selection KW - Psychological distress KW - Social class KW - Social mobility KW - UK KW - health risk KW - medical geography KW - mental health KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomic status KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - controlled study KW - distress syndrome KW - education KW - family KW - female KW - human KW - job satisfaction KW - male KW - marriage KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - social support KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Employment KW - Family Relations KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Vulnerable Populations KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :110 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 12406466 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. Paediatric Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Banks, M.H., Jackson, P.R., Unemployment and risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence (1982) Psychological Medicine, 12, pp. 789-798; Bartley, M., Plewis, I., Does health-selective mobility account for socioeconomic differences in health? Evidence from England and Wales, 1971 to 1991 (1997) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, pp. 376-386; Bloom, B.L., Asher, S.J., White, S.W., Marital disruption as a stressor: A review and analysis (1978) Psychological Bulletin, 85 (4), pp. 867-894; Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Liaw, F., Spiker, D., Enhancing the development of low-birthweight, premature infants: Changes in cognition and behavior over the first three years (1993) Child Development, 64, pp. 736-753; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1978) Social origins of depressionA study of psychiatric disorder in women, , London: Tavistock; Brown, G.W., Moran, P.M., Single mothers, poverty and depression (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 21-33; Bruce, M.L., Takeuchi, D.T., Leaf, P.J., Poverty and psychiatric status. Longitudinal evidence from the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area study (1991) Archives of General Psychiatry, 48 (5), pp. 470-474; Burchell, B., The effects of labour market position, job insecurity, and unemployment on psychological health (1994) Social change and the experience of unemployment, pp. 188-212. , D. Gallie, C. Marsh, & C. Vogler. Oxford: University Press Oxford; Caspi, A., Elder, G.H., Herbener, E.S., Childhood personality and the prediction of life-course patterns (1990) Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood, pp. 13-35. , L. Robins, & M. Rutter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (1994) National Child Development Study, Sweeps One to Five, , National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University SSRU [original data]. SN: 3148; Dohrenwend, B.P., Socioeconomic status (SES) and psychiatric disorders: Are the issues still compelling? (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 41-47; Dohrenwend, B.P., Dohrenwend, B.S., Social and cultural influences on psychopathology (1974) Annual Review of Psychology, 25, pp. 417-452; Dohrenwend, B.P., Levav, I., Shrout, P.E., Schwartz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B.G., Skodol, A.E., Stueve, A., Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue (1992) Science, 255, pp. 946-952; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Ferrie, J.E., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Stansfeld, S., Davey Smith, G., The health effects of major organisational change and job insecurity (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46, pp. 243-254; French, S.A., Story, M., Perry, C.L., Self-esteem and obesity in children and adolescents: A literature review (1995) Obesity Research, 3 (5), pp. 479-490; Glendinning, A., Love, J.G., Hendry, L.B., Shucksmith, J., Adolescence and health inequalities: Extensions to Macintrye and West (1992) Social Science and Medicine, 35 (5), pp. 679-687; Goldman, N., Social factors and health: The causation-selection issue revisited (1994) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 91, pp. 1251-1255; Gunnell, D., Lopatatzidis, A., Dorling, D., Wehner, H., Southall, H., Frankel, S., Suicide and unemployment in young people. Analysis of trends in England and Wales, 1921-1995 (1999) British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, pp. 263-270; Harrell, F.E., Lee, K.L., Califf, R.M., Pryor, D.B., Rosati, R.A., Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction (1984) Statistics in Medicine, 3, pp. 143-152; Harrington, R., Fudge, H., Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Hill, J., Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression - I. Psychiatric status (1990) Archives of General Psychiatry, 47 (5), pp. 465-473; Hertzman, C., Wiens, M., Child development and long-term outcomes: A population health perspective and summary of successful interventions (1996) Social Science and Medicine, 43 (7), pp. 1083-1095; Hope, S., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Does financial hardship account for elevated psychological distress in lone mothers? (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 1637-1649; Hope, S., Rodgers, B., Power, C., Marital status transitions and psychological distress: Longitudinal evidence from a national population sample (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29 (2), pp. 381-389; Jayakody, R., Danziger, S., Kessler, R.C., Early onset psychiatric disorders and male socioeconomic status (1998) Social Science Research, 27, pp. 371-387; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H.U., Kendler, K.S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51 (1), pp. 8-19; Kitson, G.C., Morgan, L.A., The multiple consequences of divorce: A decade review (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 913-924; Kuh, D., Head, J., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M., The influence of education and family background on women's earnings in midlife: Evidence from a British national birth cohort study (1997) British Journal of Sociology of Education, 18, pp. 385-405; LaRocco, J.M., House, J.S., French, J.R., Social support, occupational stress, and health (1980) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21 (3), pp. 202-218; Leaf, P.J., Weissman, M.M., Myers, J.K., Tischler, G.L., Holzer, C.E., Social factors related to psychiatric disorder: The Yale Epidemiologic Catchment Area study (1984) Social Psychiatry, 19 (2), pp. 53-61; Lewis, G., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Farrell, M., Gill, B., Jenkins, R., Meltzer, H., Socioeconomic status, standard of living, and neurotic disorder (1998) Lancet, 352 (9128), pp. 605-609; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Single mothers in Ontario: Sociodemographic, physical and mental health characteristics (1997) Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156 (5), pp. 639-645; Lundberg, O., Childhood living conditions, health status, and social mobility: A contribution to the health selection debate (1991) European Sociological Review, 7 (2), pp. 149-162; Macintyre, S., West, P., Lack of class variation in health in adolescence: An artefact of an occupational measure of social class? (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 32, pp. 395-402; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 45 (5), pp. 761-771; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., (2002) Health Selection: The Role of Inter- and Intra-Generational Mobility on Social Inequalities in Health, , forthcoming; Martikainen, P., Stansfeld, S., Hemingway, H., Marmot, M., Determinants of socioeconomic differences in change in physical and mental functioning (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 499-507; Matthews, S., Hertzman, C., Ostry, A., Power, C., Gender, work roles and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46 (11), pp. 1417-1424; Matthews, S., Power, C., Stansfeld, S., Psychological distress and work and home roles: A focus on socio-economic differences in distress (2001) Psychological Medicine, 31, pp. 725-736; Matthews, S., Stansfeld, S., Power, C., Social support at age 33: The influence of gender, employment status and social class (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49 (1), pp. 133-142; Maughan, B., Lindelow, M., Secular change in psychosocial risks: The case of teenage motherhood (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27 (5), pp. 1129-1144; Mayfield, D., McLeod, G., Hall, P., The CAGE questionnaire: Validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument (1974) American Journal of Psychiatry, 131, pp. 112-1123; McLanahan, S., Adams, J., The effects of children on adults' psychological well being: 1957-1976 (1989) Social Forces, 68 (1), pp. 124-146; Miech, R.A., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Wright, B.R.E., Silva, P.A., Low socioeconomic status and mental disorders: A longitudinal study of selection and causation during young adulthood (1999) American Journal of Sociology, 104, pp. 1096-1131; Muntaner, C., Lynch, J., Income inequality, social cohesion, and class relations: A critique of Wilkinson's neo-Durkheimian research program (1999) International Journal of Health Services, 29 (1), pp. 59-81; Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Racine, Y.A., Fleming, J.E., Cadman, D.T., Blum, H.M., Byrne, C., MacMillan, H.L., Outcome, prognosis, and risk in a longitudinal follow-up study (1992) Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescence Psychiatry, 31 (5), pp. 916-923; Oxman, T.E., Berkman, L.F., Kasl, S., Freeman, D.H., Barrett, J., Social support and depressive symptoms in the elderly (1992) American Journal of Epidemiology, 135 (4), pp. 356-368; Paykel, E.S., Myers, J.K., Dienelt, M.N., Klerman, G.L., Lindenthal, J.J., Pepper, M.P., Life events and depression. A controlled study (1969) Archives of General Psychiatry, 21 (6), pp. 753-760; Pearlin, L.I., Johnson, J.S., Marital status, life strains and depressions (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 704-715; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class differences in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal perspective (1992) Socical Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, pp. 284-291; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and class: The early years, , London: Chapman Hall; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Quinton, D., Rutter, M., (1988) Parenting Breakdown: The making and Breaking of Inter-Generational Links, , Aldershot: Avebury; Robins, L.N., Sturdy childhood predictors of adult antisocial behaviour: Replications from longitudinal studies (1978) Psychological Medicine, 8, pp. 611-622; Robins, L.N., Price, R.K., Adult disorders predicted by childhood conduct problems: Results from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area project (1991) Psychiatry, 54 (2), pp. 116-132; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34 (6), pp. 333-341; Rodgers, B., Influences of early life and recent factors on affective disorder in women: An exploration of vulnerability models (1990) Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood, pp. 314-327. , L. Robins, & M. Rutter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Rodgers, B., Models of stress, vulnerability and affective disorder (1991) Journal of Affective Disorders, 21 (1), pp. 1-13; Rodgers, B., Socio-economic status, employment and neurosis (1991) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, pp. 104-114; Rodgers, B., Korten, A.E., Jorm, A.F., Jacomb, P.A., Christensen, H., Henderson, A.S., Non-linear relationships in associations of depression and anxiety with alcohol use (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 421-432; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.L., Re-thinking the analysis of intergenerational social mobility: A comment on John W Fox's "Social class, mental illness, and social mobility" (1993) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, pp. 165-172; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Quinton, D., Hill, J., Adult outcome of institution-reared children: Males and females compared (1990) Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood, pp. 135-157. , L. Robins, & M. Rutter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , London: Longman; Stansfeld, S.A., Fuhrer, R., Shipley, M., Types of social support as predictors of psychiatric morbidity in a cohort of British civil servants Whitehall II Study (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 881-892; Stansfeld, S.A., Fuhrer, R., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: Prospective results from the Whitehall II study (1999) Occupational Environmental Medicine, 56 (5), pp. 302-307; Stansfeld, S.A., Head, J., Marmot, M.G., Explaining social class differences in depression and well being (1998) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, pp. 1-9; Timms, D., Social mobility and mental health in a Swedish cohort (1996) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 31 (1), pp. 38-48; Tremblay, R.E., Masse, B., Perron, D., LeBlanc, M., Schwartzman, A.E., Ledingham, J.E., Early disruptive behaviour, poor school achievement, delinquent behaviour, and delinquent personality: Longitudinal analyses (1992) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60 (1), pp. 64-72; Turner, R.J., Marino, F., Social support and social structure: A descriptive epidemiology (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35 (3), pp. 193-212; Van de Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Schrijvers, C.T.M., Mackenbach, J.P., The influence of adult ill health on occupational class mobility and mobility out of and into employment in The Netherlands (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 509-518; Verhulst, F.C., Van der Ende, J., Six-year developmental course of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors (1992) Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescence Psychiatry, 31 (5), pp. 924-931; Wall, T.D., Bolden, R.I., Borrill, C.S., Carter, A.J., Golya, D.A., Shapiro, D.A., West, M.A., Rick, J.E., Minor psychiatric disorder in NHS trust staff: Occupational and gender differences (1997) British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, pp. 519-523; Wax, Y., Collinearity diagnostics for a relative risk regression analysis (1992) Statistics in Medicine, 11, pp. 1273-1287; Weich, S., Lewis, G., Material standard of living, social class, and the prevalence of the common mental disorders in Great Britain (1998) Journal of Epidemiological Community Health, 52 (1), pp. 8-14; Weich, S., Sloggett, A., Lewis, G., Social roles and gender difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, pp. 489-493; Weissman, M.M., Leaf, P.J., Bruce, M.L., Single parent women. A community study (1987) Social Psychiatry, 22 (1), pp. 29-36; West, P., Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 32 (4), pp. 373-384; Wilkinson, R.G., Health inequalities: Relative or absolute material standards? (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 591-595 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036975419&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2801%2900325-2&partnerID=40&md5=35587af748b723e4089ab7fd14f8eff7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult psychosis, common childhood infections, and neurological soft signs in a national birth cohort T2 - Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry J2 - Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psych. VL - 4 IS - 5 SP - 205 PY - 2002 SN - 15235998 (ISSN) AU - Leuak, S.J. AU - Done, D.J. AU - Crow, T.J. AB - Background and Aims: Neurologic "soft signs" (e.g., coordination/balance, left-handedness) that precede adultonset schizophrenia appear to have a neurodevelopmental origin. Early childhood infectious illness is a putative etiologic factor for adult-onset schizophrenia. This study sought to investigate whether neurologic soft signs and common infectious illnesses in childhood are associated with adult-onset psychosis. Method: Data from the U.K. National Child Development Study, a longitudinal sample of the general population, were used to calculate odds ratios for clinical diagnoses of common childhood viral illnesses and later adult psychotic illness, childhood epilepsy, and a variety of neurologic soft signs. Results: Neither the number of soft signs nor any particular adult outcome was related to the number of illnesses per individual. Schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and epilepsy, although not associated with common childhood illness, were associated with neurologic soft signs and with a higher (though small) frequency of previous meningitis and tuberculosis. Conclusions: Neurologic soft signs are not caused by infectious illness. Obut they do appear to be markers of disordered neurodevelopment in schizophrenia. In addition, an association appears to exist between childhood meningitis or tuberculosis and a small proportion of cases of epilepsy, affective psychosis, and schizophrenia. N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52449112305&partnerID=40&md5=8ae2dfd843ffb548b3091e9f744688a6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood predictors of labor force participation in adult life T2 - Journal of Family and Economic Issues J2 - J. Fam. Econ. Issues VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 101 EP - 120 PY - 2002 SN - 10580476 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AU - Buchanan, A. AD - University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy and Social Work, United Kingdom AD - St. Hilda's College, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study used longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study in the United Kingdom to investigate childhood predictors of labor force participation outcome (unemployed versus employed or self-employed) at age 33. In women, only general ability at age 11 was related to labor force participation at age 33, whereas in men labor force participation was negatively related to sibship size and domestic tension in childhood and psychological distress in adult life, and was positively related to presence of a partner in adult life, academic motivation in adolescence and educational attainment. © 2002 Human Sciences Press, Inc. KW - Father involvement KW - Labor force participation KW - Mother involvement KW - Unemployment N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; St. Hilda's College, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - Funding details: ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council N1 - Funding text: The study reported in this paper was supported by grant No. R000223309 from the Economic and Social Research Council. The authors are grateful to the Editor and two anonymous reviewers. N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; Angoff, W.H., The nature-nurture debate, aptitudes and group differences (1988) American Psychologist, 43, pp. 713-720; Bellair, P.E., Roscigno, V.J., Local labor-market opportunity and adolescent delinquency (2000) Social Forces, 78, pp. 1509-1538; Bjarnason, T., Grooming for success? The impact of adolescent society on early intergenerational social mobility (2000) Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 21, pp. 319-342; Brook, J.S., Newcomb, M.D., Childhood aggression and unconventionality: Impact on later academic achievement, drug use, and workforce involvement (1995) Journal of Genetic Psychology, 156, pp. 393-410; Bynner, J., Education and family components of identity in the transition from school to work (1998) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, pp. 29-53; Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, S., Bradley, R.H., Hofferth, S., Lamb, M.E., Fatherhood in the twenty-first century (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 127-136; Capaldi, D.M., Stoolmiller, M., Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: III. Prediction to young-adult adjustment (1999) Development and Psychopathology, 11, pp. 59-84; Caspi, A., Wright, B.R.E., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 424-451; Coiro, M.J., Emery, R.E., Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? A quantitative and qualitative review (1998) Clinical Child and Family Review, 1, pp. 23-40; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Feinstein, L., Symons, J., Attainment in secondary school (1999) Oxford Economic Papers, 51, pp. 300-321; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., The effects of unemployment on psychiatric illness during young adulthood (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 371-381; (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , Ferri, E. (Ed.). London: National Children's Bureau; Franz, C.E., McClelland, D.C., Weinberger, J., Childhood antecedents of conventional social accomplishment in mid-life adults: A 35-year prospective study (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, pp. 586-595; Georgiou, S., Parental attributions as predictors of involvement and influences on child achievement (1999) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, pp. 409-429; Jacobsen, J.P., Labor force participation (1999) The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 39, pp. 597-610; Keith, T.Z., Keith, P.B., Quirk, K.J., Sperduto, J., Santillo, S., Killings, S., Longitudinal effects of parent involvement on high school grades: Similarities and differences across gender and ethnic groups (1998) Journal of School Psychology, 36, pp. 335-363; Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., Aggression in childhood and long-term unemployment in adulthood: A cycle of maladaptation and some protective factors (2000) Developmental Psychology, 36, pp. 463-472; Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., Puustinen, M., Selection into long-term unemployment and its psychological consequences (2000) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, pp. 310-320; Lester, D., The impact of unemployment on marriage and divorce (1996) Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 25, pp. 151-153; Masten, A.S., Coatsworth, J.D., The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children (1995) American Psychologist, 53, pp. 205-220; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: A longitudinal study (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 669-685; Miedel, W.T., Reynolds, A.J., Parent involvement in early intervention for disadvantaged children: Does it matter? (1999) Journal of School Psychology, 37, pp. 379-402; Mortimer, J.T., Johnson, M.K., New perspectives on adolescent work and the transition to adulthood (1998) New Perspectives on Adolescent Risk Behavior, pp. 425-496. , R. Jessor (Ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press; Factors associated with fathers' caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children (2000) Journal of Family Psychology, 14, pp. 200-219; Pidgeon, D.A., Tests used in 1954 and 1957 surveys (1966) The Home and the School, pp. 129-132. , J.W.B. Douglas (Ed.). London: Macgibbon & Kee; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman Hall; Reynolds, A.J., Comparing measures of parent involvement and their effects on academic achievement (1992) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 7, pp. 441-462; Rönkä, A., Pulkkinen, L., Accumulation of problems in social functioning in young adulthood: A developmental approach (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, pp. 381-391; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Sanford, M., Offord, D., McLeod, K., Boyle, M., Byrne, C., Hall, B., Pathways into the work force: Antecedents of school and work force status (1994) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, pp. 1036-1046; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (Ed.), London: National Children's Bureau; Steinberg, L., Mounts, N.S., Lamborn, S.D., Dornbusch, S.M., Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches (1991) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, pp. 19-36; Stevens, C.J., Puchtell, L.A., Ryu, S., Mortimer, J.T., Adolescent work and boys' and girls' orientations to the future (1992) Sociological Quarterly, 33, pp. 153-169; Vuori, J., Vesalainen, J., Labour market interventions as predictors of re-employment, job seeking activity and psychological distress among the unemployed (1999) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, pp. 523-538; Werbel, J., Intent and choice regarding maternal employment following childbirth (1998) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53, pp. 372-385 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442293314&partnerID=40&md5=12ae62346518c8e9c4cd137ec7da8b82 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reflections on the meritocracy debate in Britain: A response to Richard Breen and John Goldthorpe T2 - British Journal of Sociology J2 - Brit. J. Sociol. VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 559 EP - 574 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1080/0007131022000021489 SN - 00071315 (ISSN) AU - Saunders, P. AB - A paper by Breen and Goldthorpe recently claimed to have exposed 'fatal flaws' in my work on meritocracy in Britain. This paper responds to their criticisms. The results of their re-analysis of the NCDS data set are shown to be consistent with my earlier findings and arguments. Furthermore, re-running some of my earlier models using measures that they favour and a method designed to privilege their position, the results once again demonstrate that, while class origins have some effect on class destinations (in particular, for those born into the middle class), ability and effort exert a much greater effect. Based on these results, the paper identifies three core propositions about meritocracy in Britain on which all parties to this debate should now be able to agree. KW - Ability KW - British society KW - Meritocracy KW - Social class KW - Social mobility KW - achievement KW - adult KW - article KW - attitude KW - employment KW - female KW - human KW - human relation KW - male KW - middle aged KW - motivation KW - research KW - social class KW - sociology KW - statistical analysis KW - statistics KW - United Kingdom KW - Achievement KW - Adult KW - Attitude KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Intergenerational Relations KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Motivation KW - Research KW - Social Class KW - Social Mobility KW - Sociology N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12556282 LA - English N1 - References: Aldrich, S., (2001) Social Mobility: A Discussion Paper, , Performance and Innovation Unit, Cabinet Office, London; Bond, R., Saunders, P., Routes of success: Influences on the occupational attainment of young British males (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (2), pp. 217-250; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J., Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (1), pp. 1-27; (2001) Class Mobility and Merit: The Experience of Two British Birth Cohorts, , unpublished paper, Nuffield College, Oxford; Goldthorpe, J., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford, Clarendon Press (2nd edn); Kerckhoff, A., (1990) Getting Started: Transition to Adulthood in Great Britain, , Oxford, Westview Press; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Merit and mobility: A reply to Peter Saunders (1996) Sociology, 30 (2), pp. 375-386; Noble, T., Occupational mobility and social change in Britain (1995) Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, 27, pp. 65-90; Saunders, P., Might Britain be a meritocracy? (1995) Sociology, 29 (1), pp. 34-41; (1996) Unequal But Fair? A Study of Class Barriers in Britain, , London, Institute of Economic Affairs Health & Welfare Unit; Social mobility in Britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing explanations (1997) Sociology, 31 (2), pp. 261-288; Savage, M., Barlow, J., Dickens, P., Fielding, T., (1992) Property, Bureaucracy and Culture: Middle Class Formation in Contemporary Britain, , London: Routledge; Savage, M., Egerton, M., Social mobility, individual ability and the inheritance of class inequality (1997) Sociology, 31 (4), pp. 645-672 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036986120&doi=10.1080%2f0007131022000021489&partnerID=40&md5=f5489e6d8c3d4feeddd927a0953350ea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Class size in the early years: Is smaller really better? T2 - Education Economics J2 - Educ. Econ. VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 261 EP - 290 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1080/09645290210127499 SN - 09645292 (ISSN) AU - Iacovou, M. AD - Inst. for Social/Economic Research, Essex University, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AB - Other things being equal, theory would suggest that students in smaller classes at school should do better in terms of attainment; convincing experimental evidence for this also exists in the US. However, a relationship between small classes and better outcomes has not generally been evident in individual-level studies, possibly because of endogeneity arising from low-attaining or otherwise 'difficult' students being put into smaller classes than their higher-achieving counterparts. The present paper uses data from the National Child Development Study to estimate the effects of class size. Ordinary least-squares estimates indicate that small classes are not related to attainment; however, instrumental variables estimates, with class size instrumented by the interaction between school size and school type, show a significant and sizeable association between smaller classes and higher attainment in reading in the early years of school. This effect is common to different groups of students, and for some groups (girls, and those from larger families), this association is also found to persist through to age 11. KW - primary education N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Iacovou, M.; Inst. for Social/Economic Research, Essex University, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email: maria@essex.ac.uk N1 - References: Achilles, C.M., Summary of recent class-size research with an emphasis on Tennessee's project STAR and its derivative research studies (1996) Research Summary, , (Nashville, TN Center of Excellence for Research and Policy on Basic Skills, Tennessee State University); Akerheilm, K., Does class size matter? (1995) Economics of Education Review, 14, pp. 229-241; Altonji, J.G., Dunn, TA., (1995) The Effects of School and Family Characteristics on the Return to Education, , NBER Working Paper No. 5072, Cambridge, MA, NBER; Altonji, J., Dunn, T.A., Using siblings to estimate the effect of school quality on wages (1996) Review of Economics and Statistics, 78 (4), pp. 665-671; Angrist, J., Lavy, V., 'Using Maimonides' rule to estimate the effect of class size on scholastic achievement (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, pp. 533-575; Bennett, N., Annotation: Class size and the quality of educational outcomes (1998) Journal of Child Pschology and Psychiatry, 39 (6), pp. 797-804; Blatchford, P., Mortimore, P., The issue of class size for young children in schools: What can we learn from research? (1994) Oxford Review of Education, 20, pp. 411-428; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Reed, H., (1997) Higher Education, Employment and Earnings in Britain, , London: Institute for Fiscal Studies; Brimblecombe, N., Inspecting the inspection system (1999) Statistics in Society: The Arithmetic of Politics, , D. Dorling and S. Simpson (Eds) (London, Arnold); Card, D., Krueger, A., Does school quality matter? Returns to education and the characteristics of public schools in the United States (1992) Journal of Political Economy, 100, pp. 1-40; Card, D., Krueger, A., School quality and Black-White relative earnings: A direct assessment (1992) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, pp. 151-200; Card, D., Krueger, A., School resources and student outcomes: An overview of the literature and new evidence from North and South Carolina (1996) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10, pp. 31-50; Card, D., Krueger, A., School resources and student outcomes (1998) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 559, pp. 39-53; Case, A., Deaton, A., School inputs and educational outcomes in South Africa (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, pp. 1047-1084; (1967) Children and their Primary Schools, , CACE (Central Advisory Council for Education: England) (London, HMSO); (1965) Education Statistics 1964-65: Actuals, , CIPFA (Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy) (London, Statistical Information Service); Davidson, R., McKinnon, J.G., (1993) Estimation and Inference in Econometrics, , New York, Oxford University Press; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London, Longman; Day, C., Tolley, H., Hadfield, M., Parkin, E., Watling, R., (1996) Class Size Research and the Quality of Education, , Haywards Heath, NAHT; Dearden, L., Ferri, J., Meghir, C., (1997) The Effect of School Quality on Educational Attainment and Wages, , Working Paper no. w9813 (London, Institute for Fiscal Studies); (1997) Excellence in Schools, White Paper on Education, , DfEE October (London, Department for Education and Employment); Dolton, P., Vignoles, A., (1998) The Impact of School Quality on Labor Market Success in the United Kingdom, , TSER Schooling, Training and Transition Working Paper No. 8-98, Orleans, Leo-CRESEP; Feinstein, L., Symons, J., Attainment in secondary school (1999) Oxford Economic Papers, 51, pp. 300-321; Finn, J.D., Achilles, C., Answers and questions about class size: A statewide experiment (1990) American Educational Research Journal, 27, pp. 557-577; Grogger, J., School expenditures and post-schooling earnings: Evidence from high school and beyond (1996) Review of Economics and Statistics, 78, pp. 628-637; Hanushek, E., (1996) Assessing the Effects of School Resources on Student Performance: An Update, , Working Paper no. 424 (Rochester, NY, Rochester Center for Economic Research); Hanushek, E., Rivkin, S., Taylor, L., Aggregation and the estimated effects of school resources (1996) Review of Economics and Statistics, 78, pp. 611-627; Harries, G., (1994) Independent Schools Yearbook 1994-1995, , (Ed.) London, A and C Black; Jackson, B., (1964) Streaming: An Educational System in Miniature, , London, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Krueger, A., Experimental estimates of education production functions (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, pp. 497-532; Loeb, S., Bound, J., The effect of measured school inputs on academic achievement: Evidence from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s birth cohorts (1996) Review of Economics and Statistics, 78, pp. 653-663; Morris, J., (1959) Reading in the Primary School, , London, Newnes; Mueller, D.J., Chase, D.I., Walden, J.D., Effects of reduced class sizes in primary classes (1988) Educational Leadership, 45, pp. 48-50; Nye, B.A., Zaharias, J., Fulton, B., Achilles, C.M., Cain, V., Tollett, D., (1994) The Lasting Benefits Study: A Continuing Analysis of the Effect of Small Class Size in Kindergarten through Third Grade on Student Achievement Test Scores in Subsequent Grade Levels: Seventh Grade Technical Report, , Nashville, TN, Center of Excellence for Research in Basic Skills, Tennessee State University; (1996) Education at a Glance, , OECD (Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development); (1995) Class Size and the Quality of Education, , OFSTED (London, Office for Standards in Education); Pelzman, S., Class size and earnings - Correspondence (1997) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11, pp. 225-226; Prais, S.J., Class size and learning: The Tennessee experiment - What follows? (1996) Oxford Review of Education, 22, pp. 399-414; Robertson, D., Symons, J., (1996) Do Peer Groups Matter? Peer Group Versus Schooling Effects on Academic Attainment, , Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper No. 311, London, CEP; Shapson, S.M., Wright, E.N., Eason, G., Fitzgerald, J., An experimental study of the effects of class size (1980) American Educational Research Journal, 17, pp. 141-152; Simon, B., (1991) Education and the Social Order, , London, Lawrence and Wishart; Slavin, R., Class size and student achievement: Is small better? (1990) Contemporary Education, 62, pp. 6-12; Smith, R.J., Blundell, R.W., An exogeneity test for a simultaneous equation Tobit model with an application to labor supply (1986) Econometrica, 54, pp. 679-685; White, H., A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity (1980) Econometrica, 48, pp. 817-838; Word, E., Johnston, J., Bain, H., Fulton, B., Zaharias, J., Achilles, C., Lintz, M., Breda, C., (1990) The State of Tennessee's Student/Teacher Achievement Ratio (STAR) Project: Technical Report 1985-1990?, , Nashville, TN, Center of Excellence for Research in Basic Skills, Tennessee State University; Word, E., Achilles, C., Bain, H., Folger, J., Johnston, J., Lintz, N., Project STAR final executive summary: Kindergarten through 3rd grade results (1985-89) (1990) Contemporary Education, 62, pp. 13-16 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036975596&doi=10.1080%2f09645290210127499&partnerID=40&md5=b8333649cc5efabc7c86fea0c2eb49bb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relationship between measures of fatness, lipids and ethnicity in a cohort of adolescent boys T2 - Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism J2 - Ann. Nutr. Metab. VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 192 EP - 199 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1159/000065406 SN - 02506807 (ISSN) AU - Mehta, S. AU - Mahajan, D. AU - Steinbeck, K.S. AU - Bermingham, M.A. AD - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia AD - School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia AB - Background/Aim: The investigators were invited into a boys' high school to assess the lipid risk profile of a single year cohort and advise on how the findings could be incorporated into a healthy lifestyle program. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between measures of fatness, ethnicity and cardiac risk factors in a cohort of adolescent boys. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist and hips were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR); percent total body fat (%TBF) was estimated by bioelectric impedance analysis. Demographic and behavioral variables were assessed by questionnaire. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apoliproprotein B (apoB) and insulin were measured in 137 subjects; low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) was calculated. Results: The study sample was comprised of 139 boys aged 15.7 ± 0.04 years; 46% were Caucasians, 41% were East Asians and 13% were from the Indian subcontinent (South Asian). The crude mean BMI, %TBF and waist measurements were not significantly different between the ethnic groups. South Asians had a higher mean WHR than East Asians (p < 0.004; ANOVA), and also had higher mean %TBF than Caucasians when BMI was adjusted for, and lower BMI than either of the other groups when adjusted for waist (ANCOVA). There was no difference between groups in lipid profiles except for a higher apoB in East Asians compared with Caucasians (p < 0.04). Twenty-two percent of the subjects had TC higher than the desirable level for children (4.5 mmol/l), 7.3% had low HDL-C (<0.9 mmol/l) and 4.3% had high LDL-C (>3.5 mmol/l). Overweight and hypercholesterolemia had individual prevalences of around 20%, while hyperinsulinemia was 48%. Conclusion: The present study confirms that the relationship between BMI and %TBF is dependent on ethnicity, even in adolescent subjects of similar age and gender. The assessment of cardiovascular risk on a school year and age basis would suggest that there are enough affected individuals to support at least a nontargeted intervention which focuses on healthy eating and physical activity. Copyright© 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. KW - Adolescence KW - Body fat KW - Ethnicity KW - Insulin KW - Lipids KW - apolipoprotein A KW - apolipoprotein B KW - high density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - insulin KW - low density lipoprotein cholesterol KW - triacylglycerol KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - analysis of variance KW - article KW - Asian KW - bioenergy KW - body composition KW - body fat KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - cardiovascular risk KW - Caucasian KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - demography KW - ethnic group KW - high school KW - human KW - hypercholesterolemia KW - hyperinsulinemia KW - impedance KW - Indian KW - lifestyle KW - lipid analysis KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - risk assessment KW - Adolescent KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Australia KW - Body Composition KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cohort Studies KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Humans KW - Insulin KW - Lipids KW - Male KW - Obesity N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ANUMD C2 - 12378042 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bermingham, M.A.; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia; email: m.bermingham@cchs.usyd.edu.au N1 - Chemicals/CAS: insulin, 9004-10-8; Insulin, 11061-68-0; Lipids N1 - References: Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Adolescent overweight is associated with adult overweight and related multiple cardiovascular risk factors: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1996) Metabolism, 45, pp. 235-240; Bonora, E., Zenere, M., Branzi, P., Bagnani, M., Maggiulli, L., Tosi, F., Travia, D., Influence of body fat and its regional localisation on risk factors for atherosclerosis in young men (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 1271-1278; Gillum, R.F., The association of the ratio of waist to hip girth with blood pressure, serum cholesterol and serum uric acid in children and youths aged 6-17 years (1987) J Chronic Dis, 40, pp. 413-420; Maynard, L.M., Wisemandle, W., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S.S., Siervogel, R.M., Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 344-350; Deurenberg, P., Weststrate, J.A., Seidell, J.C., Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: Age-and sex-specific prediction formulas (1991) Br J Nutr, 65, pp. 105-114; Gallagher, D., Visser, M., Sepulveda, D., Pierson, R.N., Harris, T., Heymsfield, S.B., How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups? (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 228-239; Norgan, N.G., Ferro-Luzzi, A., Weight-height indices as estimators of fatness in men (1982) Hum Nutr Clin Nutr, 36, pp. 363-372; Gurrici, S., Hartriyanti, Y., Hautvast, J.G., Deurenberg, P., Differences in the relationship between body fat and body mass index between two different Indonesian ethnic groups: The effect of body build (1999) Eur J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 468-472; Swinburn, B.A., Craig, P.L., Daniel, R., Dent, D.P., Strauss, B.J., Body composition differences between Polynesians and Caucasians assessed by bioelectrical impedance (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, pp. 889-894; Wang, J., Thornton, J.C., Russel, M., Burastero, S., Heymsfield, S., Pierson, R.N.J., Asians have lower body mass index (BMI) but higher percent body fat than do whites: Comparisons of anthropometric measurements (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 60, pp. 23-28; Kannel, W., Castelli, W., Gordon, T., McNamara, P., Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study (1971) Ann Intern Med, 74, pp. 1-12; Baumgartner, R.N., Guo, S., Roche, A.F., Tracking of lipids and lipoproteins in adolescents from 12 to 22 years of age. The Fels Longitudinal Study (1991) Ann NY Acad Sci, 623, pp. 406-409; Porkka, K.V., Viikari, J.S., Taimela, S., Dahl, M., Akerblom, H.K., Tracking and predictiveness of serum lipid and lipoprotein measurements in childhood: A 12-year follow-up. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 1096-1110; Wattigney, W.A., Harsha, D.W., Srinivasan, S.R., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Increasing impact of obesity on serum lipids and lipoproteins in young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1991) Arch Intern Med, 151, pp. 2017-2022; Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Tracking of serum apolipoproteins A-I and B in children and young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1993) J Clin Epidemiol, 46, pp. 609-616; Klag, M.J., Ford, D.E., Mead, L.A., He, J., Whelton, P.K., Liang, K.Y., Levine, D.M., Serum cholesterol in young men and subsequent cardiovascular disease (1993) N Engl J Med, 328, pp. 313-318; Lauer, R.M., Lee, J., Clarke, W.R., Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels: The Muscatine Study (1988) Pediatrics, 82, pp. 309-318; Raftopoulos, C., Bermingham, M., Steinbeck, K., Coronary heart disease risk factors in male adolescents, with particular reference to smoking and blood lipids (1999) J Adolesc Health, 25, pp. 68-74; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Friedewald, W., Levy, R., Fredrickson, D., Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge (1972) Clin Chem, 18, pp. 499-502; National Cholesterol Education Program: Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents (1992) Pediatrics, 89, pp. 525-584; Bermingham, M., Jones, E., Steinbeck, K., Brock, K., Plasma cholesterol and other cardiac risk factors in adolescent girls (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 392-397; Kleinbaum, D., Kupper, L., Muller, K., (1988) Applied Regression Analysis, , Boston, Duxbury Press; (1992) Abacus Concepts, Statview, , Berkeley, Abacus Concepts; (1994) Minitab Reference Manual Release 8 Macintosh 1991, , State College, Minitab; (1994) SPSS: SPSS Reference Manual 6.1 Base System User's Gide Macintosh Version 1994, , Chicago, SPSS; Bhatnagar, D., The metabolic basis of increased coronary risk attributed to people from the Indian subcontinent (1998) Curr Sci India, 74, pp. 1087-1094; Bhatnagar, D., Anand, I., Durrington, P., Patel, D., Wander, G., Mackness, M., Creed, F., Sutton, G., Coronary risk factors in people from the Indian subcontinent living in West London and their siblings in India (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 405-409; Enas, E., High rates of coronary artery disease in Asian Indians in the United States despite intense modification of lifestyle - What next (1998) Curr Sci India, 74, pp. 1081-1086; McKeigue, P.M., Shah, B., Marmot, M.G., Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 382-386; Despres, J., Prud'homme, D., Pouliot, M., Tremblay, A., Bouchard, C., Estimation of deep abdominal adipose-tissue accumulation from simple anthropometric measurements in men (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. 471-477; (2000) The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and Its Treatment, , Sydney, Health Communications Australia; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Schaefer, F., Georgi, M., Wuhl, E., Scharer, K., Body mass index and percentage fat mass in healthy German schoolchildren and adolescents (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 461-469; Deurenberg, P., Deurenberg Yap, M., Wang, J., Lin, F.P., Schmidt, G., The impact of body build on the relationship between body mass index and percent body fat (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 537-542; Gurrici, S., Hartriyanti, Y., Hautvast, J.G., Deurenberg, P., Relationship between body fat and body mass index: Differences between Indonesians and Dutch Caucasians (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 779-783; Harvey, P.W.J., Althaus, M.M., The distribution of BMI in Australian children aged 7-15 (1993) Aust J Nutr Diet, 50, pp. 151-153; Lazarus, R., Baur, L., Webb, K., Blyth, F., Gliksman, M., Recommended body mass index cutoff values for overweight screening programmes in Australian children and adolescents: Comparisons with North American values (1995) J Paediatr Child Health, 31, pp. 143-147; Stewart, S., Bramley, P., Heighton, R., Estimation of body composition from bioelectrical impedance of body segments: Comparison of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (1993) Br J Nutr, 69, pp. 645-655; Jebb, S.A., Cole, T.J., Doman, D., Murgatroyd, P.R., Prentice, A.M., Evaluation of the novel Tanita body-fat analyser to measure body composition by comparison with a four-compartment model (2000) Br J Nutr, 83, pp. 115-122; Sung, R.Y., Lau, P., Yu, C.W., Lam, P.K., Nelson, E.A., Measurement of body fat using leg to leg bioimpedance (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 263-267; Reid, A., Steinbeck, K., Bermingham, M., Estimation of body fat in adolescent boys as a prediction of excessive adult weight and life expectancy: Comparison of bioelectric impedance analysis and sum of skinfolds (1999) Environ Med, 43, pp. 133-135; Nunez, C., Gallagher, D., Visser, M., Pi-Sunyer, F., Wang, Z., Heymsfield, S., Bioimpedance analysis: Evaluation of leg-to-leg system based on pressure contact foot-pad electrodes (1997) Med Sci Sport Exer, 29, pp. 524-531; Lazarus, R., Wake, M., Hesketh, K., Waters, E., Changes in body mass index in Australian primary school children, 1985-1997 (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 679-684; Byrnes, S.E., Baur, L.A., Bermingham, M., Brock, K., Steinbeck, K., Leptin and total cholesterol are predictors of weight gain in pre-pubertal children (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 146-150; Orchard, T.J., Donahue, R.P., Kuller, L.H., Hodge, P.N., Drash, A.L., Cholesterol screening in childhood: Does it predict adult hypercholesterolemia? The Beaver County experience (1983) J Pediatr, 103, pp. 687-691; Webber, L.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins from childhood to adulthood. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 133, pp. 884-899; Moran, A., Jacobs D.R., Jr., Steinberger, J., Hong, C.P., Prineas, R., Luepker, R., Sinaiko, A.R., Insulin resistance during puberty: Results from clamp studies in 357 children (1999) Diabetes, 48, pp. 2039-2044; McKeigue, P.M., Metabolic consequences of obesity and body fat pattern: Lessons from migrant studies (1996) Ciba Found Symp, 201, pp. 54-67 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036967714&doi=10.1159%2f000065406&partnerID=40&md5=6b3fa2568266e9239d2eb3ea0d26419f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Height and Reproductive success in a Cohort of British men T2 - Human Nature J2 - Hum. Nat. VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 473 EP - 491 PY - 2002 SN - 10456767 (ISSN) AU - Nettle, D. AD - Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Biol. Sci./Psychology, Oven University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom AB - Two recent studies have shown a relationship between male height and number of offspring in contemporary developed-world populations. One of them argues as a result that directional selection for male tallness is both positive and unconstrained. This paper uses data from a large and socially representative national cohort of men who were born in Britain in March 1958. Taller men were less likely to be childless than shorter ones. They did not have a greater mean number of children. If anything, the pattern was the reverse, since men from higher socioeconomic groups tended to be taller and also to have smaller families. However, clear evidence was found that men who were taller than average were more likely to find a long-term partner, and also more likely to have several different long-term partners. This confirms the finding that tall men are considered more attractive and suggests that, in a noncontracepting environment, they would have more children. There is also evidence of stabilizing selection, since extremely tall men had an excess of health problems and an increased likelihood of childlessness. The conclusion is that male tallness has been selected for in recent human evolution but has been constrained by developmental factors and stabilizing selection on the extremely tall. KW - Height KW - Human evolution KW - Mate choice KW - Reproductive success N1 - Cited By :120 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Nettle, D.; Dept. of Biol. Sci./Psychology, Oven University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom; email: D.Nettle@open.ac.uk UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036990483&partnerID=40&md5=5f7848a1a9607613396e9912ed9dcb33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood developmental risk for teen childbearing in Britain T2 - Journal of Research on Adolescence J2 - J. Res. Adolesc. VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 305 EP - 324 PY - 2002 SN - 10508392 (ISSN) AU - Russell, S.T. AD - Dept. of Human and Community Devmt., University of California, Davis, 2337 Hart Hall, Davis, CA 95616, United States AB - Adolescence is often assumed to be the most important period of life for understanding teen childbearing risk. Developmental perspectives challenge that assumption, offering the possibility that early childhood characteristics may have unique and lasting effects on the risk for teen childbearing. This study examined family life risk factors (socioeconomic status, family stress, and parental involvement in education) and how their effects on teen childbearing risk varied, depending on the childhood age at which they were experienced. Prospective life history data from the National Child Development Study of Great Britain were used to study a birth cohort of 4,928 British women, 15.3% of who became pregnant as teens. This study demonstrated that data from early childhood significantly contribute to the understanding of teen childbearing risk. N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Russell, S.T.; Dept. of Human and Community Devmt., University of California, Davis, 2337 Hart Hall, Davis, CA 95616, United States; email: strussell@ucdavis.edu N1 - References: Allison, P.D., (1984) Event history analyses: Regression for longitudinal event data, , London: Sage; Allison, P.D., Furstenberg F.F., Jr., How marital dissolution affects children: Variations by age and sex (1989) Developmental Psychology, 25, pp. 540-549; Amato, P.R., Booth, A., (1997) A generation at risk: Growing up in an era of family upheaval, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Amato, P.R., Loomis, L., Booth, A., Parental divorce, marital conflict, and offspring well-being during early adulthood (1995) Social Forces, 73, pp. 895-915; Booth, A., Amato, P.R., Parental predivorce relations and offspring postdivorce well-being (2001) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63, pp. 197-212; Booth, A., Brinkerhoff, D.B.B., White, L.K., The impact of parental divorce on courtship (1984) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, pp. 85-94; Caspi, A., Entner Wright, B.R., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 424-451; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Cherlin, A.J., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., McRae, C., Effects of divorce on mental health throughout the life course (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 239-249; Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Conley, D., Sibship sex composition: Effects on educational attainment (2000) Social Science Research, 23, pp. 441-457; Cooksey, E.C., Factors in the resolution of adolescent premarital pregnancies (1990) Demography, 27, pp. 207-218; Dearden, K., Hale, C., Blankson, M., Family structure, function, and the early transition to fatherhood in Great Britain: Identifying antecedents using longitudinal data (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 844-852; Douglas, J.W.B., Broken families and child behaviour (1970) Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 4, pp. 203-210; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of growing up poor, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Duncan, G.J., Yeung, W.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Smith, J.R., How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children? (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 406-423; Elder G.H., Jr., (1974) Children of the great depression, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Elder G.H., Jr., The life course (1992) The encyclopedia of sociology, pp. 1120-1130. , E.F. Borgatta & M.L. Borgatta (Eds.), New York: Macmillan; Elliot, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Galambos, N.L., Silbereisen, R.K., Income change, parental life outlook, and adolescent expectations for job success (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 141-149; Hagan, J., Wheaton, B., The search for adolescent role exits and the transition to adulthood (1993) Social Forces, 71, pp. 955-980; Hanson, S.L., Morrison, D.R., Ginsburg, A.L., The antecedents of teenage fatherhood (1989) Demography, 26, pp. 579-596; Hanson, S.L., Myers, D.E., Ginsburg, A.L., The role of responsibility and knowledge in reducing teenage out-of-wedlock childbearing (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 241-256; Haveman, R.H., Wolfe, B.L., Spaulding, J., Educational achievement and childhood events and circumstances (1991) Demography, 28, pp. 133-157; Honaker, J., Joseph, A., King, G., Scheve, K., Singh, N., (1999) Amelia: A program for missing data (Windows version), , http://gking.harvard.edu, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; Jekielek, S., Parental conflict, marital disruption and children's emotional well-being (1998) Social Forces, 76, pp. 905-936; Kahn, J.R., Anderson, K.E., Intergenerational patterns of teenage fertility (1992) Demography, 29, pp. 39-57; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1990) Getting started: Transition to adulthood in Great Britain, , San Francisco: Westview Press; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1993) Diverging pathways: Social structure and career deflections, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., (1982) Family-of-origin and educational influences on age at first birth: The experiences of a British birth cohort, , Research Paper No. 82-1. London: Centre for Population Studies; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts-A longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37, pp. 363-380; King, G., Honaker, J., Joseph, A., Scheve, K., List-wise deletion is evil: What to do about missing data in political science (1998) Annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, , September. Boston; Lewis, J., (1992) Women in Britain since 1945, , Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell; Lindemann, C., Scott, W.J., Wanted and unwanted pregnancy in early adolescence: Evidence from a clinic population (1981) Journal of Early Adolescence, 1, pp. 185-193; Manlove, J., Early childbearing in an intergenerational perspective: The experiences of a British cohort (1997) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, pp. 263-279; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational consequences of family disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 130-152; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; McLeod, J.D., Shanahan, M.J., Trajectories of poverty and children's mental health (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 207-220; Miller, B.C., (1998) Families matter: A research synthesis of family influences on adolescent pregnancy, , Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy; Miller, B.C., Moore, K.A., Adolescent sexual behavior, pregnancy, and parenting: Research through the 1980s (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 1025-1044; Moffitt, T.E., Adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy (1993) Psychological Review, 100, pp. 674-701; Padilla, Y.C., The influence of family background on the educational attainment of Latinos (1996) New England Journal of Public Policy, 11, pp. 25-48; Pong, S., Ju, D., The effects of change in family structure and income on dropping out of middle and high school (2000) Journal of Family Issues, 21, pp. 147-169; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Rodgers, B., Power, C., Hope, S., Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort: A research note (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 867-872; Russell, J.K., (1982) Early teenage pregnancy, , London: Churchill Livingstone; Russell, S.T., Life course antecedents of premarital conception in Great Britain (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 480-492; Russell, S.T., Multidimensional risk profiles on teen childbearing: Evidence from Britain in the 1970s (1998) Sociological Spectrum, 18, pp. 423-448; Rutter, M., (1981) Maternal deprivation reassessed, , London: Penguin Books; Shepherd, P.M., (1989) The National Child Development Study: An introduction to the background to the study and the methods of data collection, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Tuma, N.B., Hannan, M.T., (1984) Social dynamics: Models and methods, , New York: Academic Press; Udry, J.R., Kovenock, J., Morris, N.M., Van Berg, B.J., Childhood precursors of age at first intercourse for females (1995) Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24, pp. 329-337; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1992) Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Wu, L.L., Effects of family instability, income, and income instability on the risk of premarital birth (1996) American Sociological Review, 61, pp. 386-406; Wu, L.L., Martinson, B.C., Family structure and the risk of premarital birth (1993) American Sociological Review, 58, pp. 210-232; Yamaguchi, K., (1991) Event history analysis, , London: Sage Publications UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036024913&partnerID=40&md5=3a942582a93eef93b6899716589ec0a4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodology to predict long-term cancer survival from short-term data using Tobacco Cancer Risk and Absolute Cancer Cure models T2 - Physics in Medicine and Biology J2 - Phys. Med. Biol. VL - 47 IS - 22 SP - 3893 EP - 3924 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/301 SN - 00319155 (ISSN) AU - Mould, R.F. AU - Lederman, M. AU - Tai, P. AU - Wong, J.K.M. AD - 41 Ewhurst Avenue, South Croydon, Surrey CR2 0DH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Allan Blair Cancer Centre, 4101 Dewdney Avenue, Regina, Sask. S4T 7T1, Canada AD - 2131 Broad Street, Regina, Sask. S4P 3W4, Canada AB - Three parametric statistical models have been fully validated for cancer of the larynx for the prediction of long-term 15, 20 and 25 year cancer-specific survival fractions when short-term follow-up data was available for just 1-2 years after the end of treatment of the last patient. In all groups of cases the treatment period was only 5 years. Three disease stage groups were studied, T1NO, T2NO and T3NO. The models are the Standard Lognormal (SLN) first proposed by Boag (1949 J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B 11 15-53) but only ever fully validated for cancer of the cervix, Mould and Boag (1975 Br. J. Cancer 32 529-50), and two new models which have been termed Tobacco Cancer Risk (TCR) and Absolute Cancer Cure (ACC). In each, the frequency distribution of survival times of defined groups of cancer deaths is lognormally distributed: larynx only (SLN), larynx and lung (TCR) and all cancers (ACC). All models each have three unknown parameters but it was possible to estimate a value for the lognormal parameter S a priori. By reduction to two unknown parameters the model stability has been improved. The material used to validate the methodology consisted of case histories of 965 patients, all treated during the period 1944-1968 by Dr Manuel Lederma of the Royal Marsden Hospital, London, with follow-up to 1988. This provided a follow-up range of 20-44 years and enabled predicted long-term survival fractions to be compared with the actual survival fractions, calculated by the Kaplan and Meier (1958 J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 53 457-85) method. The TCR and ACC models are better than the SLN model and for a maximum short-term follow-up of 6 years, the 20 and 25 year survival fractions could be predicted. Therefore the numbers of follow-up years saved are respectively 14 years and 19 years. Clinical trial results using the TCR and ACC models can thus analysed much earlier than currently possible. Absolute cure from cancer was also studied, using not only the prediction models which incorporate a parameter for a statistically cured fraction of patients CSLN, CTCR and CACC, but because of the long follow-up range of 20-44 years, also by complete life analysis. The survival experience of those who did not die of their original cancer of the larynx was compared to the expected survival experience of a population with the same age, birth cohort and sex structure. To date it has been generally assumed for early stage disease that although for some 5-10 years after treatment the survival experience of this patient subgroup might be no different from that expected in the matched group, thereafter the death rate of this subgroup becomes lower than that of the matched group. This implies that surviving cancer patients cured of their disease tend to die of other conditions at a higher than normal rate as they become older, and therefore cancer is never totally cured. Our conclusion is that at least for the cancer of the glottic larynx, the answer to the question: 'Can cancer totally be cured?' is 'Yes to the least 15-years post-treatment and also probably to 25 years'. KW - Patient monitoring KW - Statistical methods KW - Tobacco KW - Tumors KW - Survival fractions KW - Biotechnology KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - aged KW - article KW - calculation KW - cancer mortality KW - cancer risk KW - cancer staging KW - cancer survival KW - cause of death KW - child KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - frequency analysis KW - human KW - intermethod comparison KW - Kaplan Meier method KW - larynx cancer KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - methodology KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - statistical model KW - survival time KW - United Kingdom KW - uterine cervix cancer KW - validation process KW - biological model KW - disease free survival KW - epidemiology KW - evaluation KW - larynx tumor KW - lung tumor KW - mortality KW - neoplasm KW - prediction and forecasting KW - retrospective study KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - survival KW - survivor KW - treatment failure KW - treatment outcome KW - validation study KW - Disease-Free Survival KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Models, Biological KW - Models, Statistical KW - Neoplasms KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Survival Analysis KW - Survivors KW - Treatment Failure KW - Treatment Outcome N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PHMBA C2 - 12476973 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mould, R.F.41 Ewhurst Avenue, South Croydon, Surrey CR2 0DH, United Kingdom; email: richardfmoud@hotmail.com N1 - References: Abramowitz, M., Stegun, I.A., (1965) Handbook of Mathematical Functions, p. 932. , (New York: Dover); (2002) Cancer Facts and Figures 2002, , American Cancer Society (Atlanta: American Cancer Society); Ang, K., Head and Neck Cancer Committee report of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (2001) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 51 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 39-43; Bebeshko, V.G., Cheban, A.K., Obodovsky, I., (2002), Research Centre of Medical Science of the Ukraine, Kiev, personal communication; Berg, J.W., The distribution of the cancer deaths in time: A survey test of the lognormal model (1965) Br. J. Cancer, 19, pp. 695-711; Berkson, J., Gage, R.P., Survival curves for the cancer patients following treatment (1952) J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 45, pp. 501-515; Berkson, J., Harrington, S.W., Clagett, O.T., Kirklin, J.W., Dokerty, M.B., McDonald, J.R., Mortality and survival in surgically treated cancer of the breast: A statistical summary of some experience of the Mayo Clinic (1957) Proc. Staff. Meet. Mayo Clinic, 32, pp. 645-670; Boag, J.W., Maximum likelihood estimates of the proportion of patients cured by the cancer therapy (1949) J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B, 11, pp. 15-53; Brinkley, D., Haybittle, J.L., The curability of the breast (1975) Lancet, 1, p. 95; Brinkley, D., Haybittle, J.L., Long-term survival of women with breast cancer (1984) Lancet, 1, p. 1118; Serial Abridged Life Tables England and Wales 1841-1970 Interpolated Cohort Life Tables Survival Probability Values to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Years from Each Year of Age from 5 Years to 97 Years (1974), (PART II). , Chester Beatty Research Institute (London: Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital); Easson, E.C., Russell, M.H., The Curability of Cancer in Various Sites (1968), (London: Pitman Medical); Gamel, J.W., Vogel, R.L., A model of long-term survival following adjuvant therapy for stage 2 breast cancer (1993) Br. J. Cancer, 68, pp. 1167-1170; Gamel, J.W., George, S.L., Stanley, W.E., Seigler, H.F., Skin melanoma. Cured fraction and survival time as functions of thickness, site, histologic type, age and sex (1993) Cancer, 72, pp. 1219-1223; Gamel, J.W., Vogel, R.L., Valagussa, P., Bonnadonna, P., Parametric survival analysis of adjuvant therapy for stage II breast cancer (1994) Cancer, 74, pp. 2483-2490; Greenwood, M., A report on the natural duration of cancer (1926) Ministry of Health Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects, 33. , (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office); Haybittle, J.L., The estimation of the proportion of patients cured after treatment for the cancer of the breast (1959) Br. J. Radiol., 32, pp. 725-733; Haybittle, J.L., What is the cure in cancer? (1983) Cancer Treatment: End-Point Evaluation New Horizons in Oncology, 2, pp. 3-21. , ed B A Stoll (Chichester: Wiley); Haybittle, J.L., The cured group in series of patients treated for cancer (1964) Anglo-German Med. Rev., 2, pp. 421-436; Ito, S., Suzaki, K., Tsujii, H., Fujieda, J., Goro, I., An Analysis of survival data of urinary bladder cancer patients after radiotherapy (1977) Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi, 37, pp. 102-107; Kaplan, E.L., Meier, P., Non-parametric estimation from incomplete observations (1958) J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 53, pp. 457-482; Lea, D.E.A., The biological assay of carcinogens (1945) Cancer Res., 5, pp. 633-640; Lederman, M., The anatomy of cancer with special reference to tumours of the upper air and food passages (1964) J. Laryngol. Otol., 78, pp. 181-208; Lederman, M., Cancer of the pharynx: A study based on 2,417 cases with special reference to radiation treatment (1967) J. Laryngol. Otol., 81, pp. 151-172; Lederman, M., Cancer of the larynx: Part I. Natural history in relation to treatment (1971) Br. J. Radiol., 44, pp. 569-578; Lederman, M., Mould, R.F., Radiation treatment of cancer of the pharynx: With special reference to telecobalt therapy (1968) Br. J. Radiol., 41, pp. 251-274; Lederman, M., Busby, E.R., Mould, R.F., The treatment of tumours of the upper jaw (1969) Br. J. Radiol., 42, pp. 561-581; Maetani, S., Tobe, T., Hirakawa, A., Kashiwara, S., Kuromoto, S., Parametric survival analysis of gastric cancer patients (1980) Cancer, 46, pp. 1709-1716; McLaren, C.E., Brittenham, G.M., Hasselblad, V., Analysis of the volume of red blood cells: Application of the expectation maximisation algorithm to grouped data from the doubly truncated lognormal distribution (1986) Biometrics, 42, pp. 143-158; McLaren, C.E., Wagstaff, M., Brittenham, G.M., Jacobs, A., Detection of two-component mixtures of lognormal distributions in grouped, doubly-truncated data: Analysis of red blood cell volume distributions (1991) Biometrics, 47, pp. 607-622; Mould, R.F., (2000) Chernobyl Record, pp. 262-278. , (Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing); Mould, R.F., Boag, J.W., A test of several parametric statistical models for estimating success rate in the treatment of carcinoma cervix uteri 1975 (1975) Br. J. Cancer, 32, pp. 529-550; Mould, R.F., Hearnden, T., Palmer, M., White, G.C., Distribution of survival times of 12,000 head and neck cancer patients who died with their disease 1976 (1976) Br. J. Cancer, 34, pp. 180-190; Mould, R.F., Hanham, I.W.F., McSweeney, B.F.D., Myles, D.R., The lognormal distribution as a fit symptom duration in the range 0-2 years for 26,000 cases (1987) Br. J. Cancer, 56, pp. 687-689; Mould, R.F., Tai, P., Wong, J.K.M., Validation of lognormal prediction models for estimating long-term survival rates from short-term follow-up for localised cancer of the prostate patients registered by the USA SEER program (2002) Prostate Cancer Review, , ed G Bruggmoser, R F Mould, P Tai, T P mate (Munich: W Zuckschwerdt Verlag) ch 19; Rabbe, A., Radiation treatment of cancer of the cervix of the uterus at the Radium Institute in Copenhagen from 1951-54 (1974) Acta. Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., (SUPPL. 30); Rutqvist, R.E., On the utility of the lognormal model for analysis of breast cancer survival in Sweden 1961-1973 (1985) Br. J. Cancer, 52, pp. 875-883; Rutqvist, R.E., Wallgren, A., Nilsson, B., Is breast cancer a curable disease? A study of 14,731 women with breast cancer from the cancer registry of Norway 1984 (1984) Cancer, 53, pp. 1793-1800; Schrek, R., Lipson, H.I., Logarithmic frequency distributions (1941) Hum. Biol., 13, pp. 1-22; Shottenfeld, D., Fraumeni, J.F., (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, p. 1379. , eds 2nd edn (New York: Oxford University Press); Smithers, D.W., Rigby-Jones, P., Galton, D.A.G., Payne, P.M., Cancer of the breast (1952) Br. J. Radiol., 4 (SUPPL.); Souchkevitch, G., Radiation and Environmental Health (2002), World Health Organisation, Geneva, personal communication; Souma, W., Physics of personal income xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0202388 (2002) Proc. Nihon Keizei Shimbun Inc Workshop (Tokyo, Nov. 2000), , ed H Takayasu (Tokyo: Nihon Keizei Shimbun); (2002), http://seer.cancer.gov/, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results [SEER] Program of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Tudway, R.C., Freundlich, H.F., The use of a Cobalt-60 beam unit for the treatment of carcinoma of the larynx (1960) Br. J. Radiol., 33, pp. 98-104; Classification of Malignant Tumours, , Union Internationale Contre le Cancer 1968 T.N.M. (Geneva: UICC); Wood, C.A.P., Boag, J.W., Researches on the radiotherapy of oral cancer (1950) Medical Research Council Special Report Series 267, , (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037153146&doi=10.1088%2f0031-9155%2f47%2f22%2f301&partnerID=40&md5=7960fcce28435f820a0344717ccfb059 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. VL - 156 IS - 10 SP - 954 EP - 961 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1093/aje/kwf128 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - Von Kries, R. AU - Toschke, A.M. AU - Koletzko, B. AU - Slikker Jr., W. AD - Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany AD - Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States AD - Department of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Heiglhofstr. 63, 81377 München, Germany AB - A recent cohort study suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy might be a risk factor for childhood obesity. Data from the obligatory school entry health examination in six Bavarian (Germany) public health offices in 1999-2000 were used to assess the relation between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity (n = 6,483 German children aged 5.00-6.99 years). A body mass index greater than the 90th percentile was defined as overweight, and a body mass index greater than the 97th percentile was defined as obesity. The main exposure was maternal smoking during pregnancy. The prevalences of overweight and obesity, expressed as percentages, increased in the following order: never smoked (overweight: 8.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.2, 9.0; obesity: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.7, 2.7); less than 10 cigarettes daily (overweight: 14.1, 95% CI: 11.1, 17.7; obesity: 5.7, 95% CI: 3.7, 8.2); and 10 or more cigarettes daily (overweight: 17.0, 95% CI: 10.1, 26.2; obesity: 8.5, 95% CI: 3.7, 16.1). The adjusted odds ratios for maternal smoking during pregnancy were 1.43 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.90) for overweight and 2.06 (95% CI: 1.31, 3.23) for obesity. A dose-dependent association between overweight/obesity and maternal smoking during pregnancy was observed that could not be explained by a wide range of confounders, suggesting that intrauterine exposure to inhaled smoke products rather than lifestyle factors associated with maternal smoking accounts for this finding. KW - Child KW - Obesity KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk factors KW - Smoking KW - child welfare KW - lifestyle KW - smoking KW - weight KW - article KW - body mass KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - disease association KW - female KW - Germany KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical examination KW - obesity KW - pregnancy KW - prevalence KW - questionnaire KW - risk factor KW - smoking KW - smoking habit KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Germany KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Population Surveillance KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :268 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 12419768 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Von Kries, R.; Department of Pediatric Epidemiology, Inst. of Social Pediat./Adol. Med., Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. Munchen, Heiglhofstr. 63, 81377 München, Germany; email: ag.epi@LRZ.uni-muenchen.de N1 - References: Ogden, C.L., Troiano, R.P., Briefel, R.R., Prevalence of over-weight among preschool children in the United States, 1971 through 1994 (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. E1; Bundred, P., Kitchiner, D., Buchan, I., Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: Population based series of cross sectional studies (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 326-328; Kalies, H., Lenz, J., Von Kries, R., Prevalence of overweight and obesity and trends in body mass index in German pre-school children, 1982-1997 (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1211-1217; Abraham, S., Collins, G., Nordsieck, M., Relationship of childhood weight status to morbidity in adults (1971) HSMHA Health Rep, 86, pp. 273-284; Charney, E., Goodman, H.C., McBride, M., Childhood antecedents of adult obesity. Do chubby infants become obese adults? (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 6-9; Dietz, W.H., Childhood weight affects adult morbidity and mortality (1998) J Nutr, 128 (SUPPL.), pp. 411S-414S; Periodic health examination, 1994 update: 1. Obesity in childhood (1994) CMAJ, 150, pp. 871-879. , Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination; Vik, T., Jacobsen, G., Vatten, L., Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy (1996) Early Hum Dev, 45, pp. 245-255; Von Kries, R., Koletzko, B., Sauerwald, T., Breast feeding and obesity: Cross sectional study (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 147-150; Poskitt, E.M., Defining childhood obesity: The relative body mass index (body mass index) (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 961-963. , European Childhood Obesity group; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., The relation of weight, length, and ponderal index at birth to body mass index and overweight among 18-year-old males in Sweden (1998) Eur J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 373-380; Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Billette, A., Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 721-729; Stunkard, A.J., Sorensen, T.I., Hanis, C., An adoption study of human obesity (1986) N Engl J Med, 314, pp. 193-198; Lissau, I., Sorensen, T.I., Parental neglect during childhood and increased risk of obesity in young adulthood (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 324-327; Baranowski, T., Bryan, G.T., Rassin, D.K., Ethnicity, infant-feeding practices, and childhood adiposity (1990) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 11, pp. 234-239; Voigt, M., Schneider, K.T., Jährig, K., Analysis of a 1992 birth sample in Germany. 1: New percentile values of the body weight of newborn infants (1996) Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 56, pp. 550-558. , In German; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Dietz W.H., Jr., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; Robinson, T.N., Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1561-1567; Moore, L.L., Nguyen, U.S., Rothman, K.J., Preschool physical activity level and change in body fatness in young children. The Framingham Children's Study (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 982-988; O'Brien, T.P., Walley, P.B., Anderson-Smith, S., Naturalistic observation of the snack-selecting behavior of obese and nonobese children (1982) Addict Behav, 7, pp. 75-77; Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R.L., Hirsch, J., Obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 396-407; Vach, W., Missing values; statistical theory and computational practice (1994) Computational Statistics, pp. 345-354. , Dirschedl P, Ostermann R, eds. Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag; Montgomery, S.M., Ekbom, A., Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort (2002) BMJ, 324, pp. 26-27; Klesges, R.C., Shelton, M.L., Klesges, L.M., Effects of television on metabolic rate: Potential implications for childhood obesity (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 281-286; Deheeger, M., Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Fontvieille, A.M., Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: Linkages with nutritional intake? (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 372-379; Klesges, R.C., Klesges, L.M., Eck, L.H., A longitudinal analysis of accelerated weight gain in preschool children (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 126-130; Goran, M.I., Sun, M., Total energy expenditure and physical activity in prepubertal children: Recent advances based on the application of the doubly labeled water method (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68 (SUPPL.), pp. 944S-949S; Hediger, M.L., Overpeck, M.D., Kuczmarski, R.J., Association between infant breastfeeding and overweight in young children (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2453-2460; Stunkard, A.J., Foch, T.T., Hrubec, Z., A twin study of human obesity (1986) JAMA, 256, pp. 51-54; Stunkard, A.J., Harris, J.R., Pedersen, N.L., The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 1483-1487; Heller, G., Müller, U., Die standarddemographie nach dem ADM-ASI-statistisches bundesamt (1998) Messung Soziodemographischer Merkmale in der Epidemiologie, pp. 54-65. , Ahrens W, Bellach BM, Jöckel KH, eds. (In German). München, Germany: MMV Medizin Verlag; Agras, W.S., Kraemer, H.C., Berkowitz, R.I., Influence of early feeding style on adiposity at 6 years of age (1990) J Pediatr, 116, pp. 805-809; Kagamimori, S., Yamagami, T., Sokejima, S., The relationship between lifestyle, social characteristics and obesity in 3-year-old Japanese children (1999) Child Care Health Dev, 25, pp. 235-247; Yerushalmy, J., The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy - Implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations (1971) Am J Epidemiol, 93, pp. 443-456; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Ross, E.M., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: Its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality (1972) Br Med J, 2, pp. 127-130; Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Hebel, J.R., Prenatal exposure to tobacco. I. Effects on physical growth at age three (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 66-71; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Fogelman, K.R., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Ravelli, G.P., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 349-353; Klesges, R.C., Elliott, V.E., Robinson, L.A., Chronic dieting and the belief that smoking controls body weight in a biracial, population-based adolescent sample (1997) Tob Control, 6, pp. 89-94; Coulson, N.S., Eiser, C., Eiser, J.R., Diet, smoking and exercise: Interrelationships between adolescent health behaviours (1997) Child Care Health Dev, 23, pp. 207-216; Levin, E.D., Wilkerson, A., Jones, J.P., Prenatal nicotine effects on memory in rats: Pharmacological and behavioral challenges (1996) Brain Res Dev Brain Res, 97, pp. 207-215; Peters, M.A., Ngan, L.L., The effects of totigestational exposure to nicotine on pre- and postnatal development in the rat (1982) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 257, pp. 155-167; Yanai, J., Pick, C.G., Rogel-Fuchs, Y., Alterations in hippocampal cholinergic receptors and hippocampal behaviors after early exposure to nicotine (1992) Brain Res Bull, 29, pp. 363-368; Levin, E.D., Slotkin, T.A., Developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine (1998) Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology, pp. 587-615. , Slikker W, Chang L, eds. New York, NY: Academic Press; Kandel, D.B., Wu, P., Davies, M., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1407-1413; Tomeo, C.A., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Michels, K.B., Reproducibility and validity of maternal recall of pregnancy-related events (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 774-777; Patrick, D.L., Cheadle, A., Thompson, D.C., The validity of self-reported smoking: A review and meta-analysis (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1086-1093; Klesges, R.C., Debon, M., Ray, J.W., Are self-reports of smoking rate biased? Evidence from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1995) J Clin Epidemiol, 48, pp. 1225-1233; Parazzini, F., Davoli, E., Rabaiotti, M., Validity of selfreported smoking habits in pregnancy: A saliva cotinine analysis (1996) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 75, pp. 352-354; Cnattingius, S., Haglund, B., Decreasing smoking prevalence during pregnancy in Sweden: The effect on small-for-gestational-age births (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 410-413 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037111686&doi=10.1093%2faje%2fkwf128&partnerID=40&md5=9eb1c868bd3ec22e6df90269e56e9c61 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult psychosis, common childhood infections and neurological soft signs in a national birth cohort T2 - British Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Br. J. Psychiatry VL - 181 IS - NOV. SP - 387 EP - 392 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1192/bjp.181.5.387 SN - 00071250 (ISSN) AU - Leask, S.J. AU - Done, D.J. AU - Crow, T.J. AD - University of Nottingham, Department of Psychiatry, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom AB - Background: Neurological soft signs preceding adult-onset schizophrenia suggest a neurodevelopmental origin and could reflect physical illness in childhood. Aims: To investigate possible associations of adult-onset psychosis with neurological soft signs and common infectious illnesses in childhood. Method: Using data from the UK National Child Development Study, a longitudinal general population sample, odds ratios were calculated for clinical diagnoses of common childhood viral illnesses and later adult psychotic illness, childhood epilepsy and a range of neurological soft signs. Results: The number of illnesses per individual did not relate either to the number of soft signs, or to any particular adult outcome. Schizophrenia, affective psychosis and epilepsy were not associated with common childhood illness but were associated with neurological soft signs and an increased, but small, frequency of previous meningitis and tuberculosis. Conclusions: Overall the data support the notion of neurological soft signs as markers of disordered neurodevelopment in schizophrenia (but the early neurological abnormalities are not caused by infectiousillness) and an association between meningitis or tuberculosis in childhood and a small proportion of cases of epilepsy, affective psychosis and schizophrenia. Declaration of interest: Educational grants from SANE, the Theodore and Vada Stanley Foundation and Lilly Industries. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - affective psychosis KW - article KW - benign childhood epilepsy KW - child KW - childhood disease KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - epilepsy KW - human KW - infection KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - meningitis KW - neurologic disease KW - psychosis KW - schizophrenia KW - tuberculosis KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Affective Disorders, Psychotic KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Virus Diseases N1 - Cited By :75 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJPYA C2 - 12411263 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leask, S.J.; University of Nottingham, Department of Psychiatry, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom; email: stuart.leask@nottingham.ac.uk N1 - References: Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L., Cornblatt, B., The New-York high-risk project (1987) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, pp. 451-462; Gupta, S., Andreasen, N.C., Arndt, S., Neurological soft signs in neuroleptic-naive and neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients and in normal comparison subjects (1995) American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, pp. 191-196; Johnston, J.D.A., Strachan, D.P., Anderson, M.D., Effect of pneumonia and whooping cough in childhood on adult lung function (1998) New England Journal of Medicine, 338, pp. 581-587; Jones, P.B., Rodgers, B., Murray, R.M., Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 Year follow up of the British National Child Development Study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-342; Malla, A.K., Norman, R.M., Agullar, O., Relationship between neurological 'soft signs' and syndromes of schizophrenia (1997) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 96, pp. 274-280; McGorry, P.D., McFarlane, C., Patton, G.C., The prevalence of prodromal features of schizophrenia in adolescence: A preliminary survey (1995) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 92, pp. 241-249; Mednick, S.A., Machon, R.A., Huttunen, M.O., Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 189-192; O'Callaghan, E., Sham, P.C., Takei, N., The relationship of schizophrenic births to 16 infectious diseases (1994) British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp. 353-356; Pollock, J.I., Golding, J., Social epidemiology of chickenpox in two British national cohorts (1993) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 47, pp. 274-281; Power, C., Peckham, C., Childhood morbidity and adulthood ill health (1990) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 44, pp. 69-74; Rantakallio, P., Jones, P., Moring, J., Association between central nervous system infections during childhood and adult onset schizophrenia and other psychoses: A 28-year follow-up (1997) International Journal of Epidemiology, 26, pp. 837-843; Schroder, J., Niethammer, R., Geider, F.J., Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia (1991) Schizophrenia Research, 6, pp. 25-30; Tabachnik, B.G., Fidell, L.S., (1996) Using Multivariate Statistics (3rd Edn), pp. 598-599. , New York: HarperCollins; Westergaard, T., Mortensen, P.B., Pedersen, C.B., Exposure to prenatal and childhood infections and the risk of schizophrenia (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 993-998; Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: An Instruction Manual for the PSE and CATEGO Program, , London: Cambridge University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036850322&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.181.5.387&partnerID=40&md5=5854d178367b407f716b152f1ae2acbd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality and cancer morbidity of production workers in the UK flexible polyurethane foam industry: Updated findings, 1958-98 T2 - Occupational and Environmental Medicine J2 - Occup. Environ. Med. VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 751 EP - 758 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1136/oem.59.11.751 SN - 13510711 (ISSN) AU - Sorahan, T. AU - Nichols, L. AD - Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom AB - Aims: To describe cause specific mortality and site specific cancer morbidity among workers employed in factories that produce polyurethane foams, and to determine if any part of the experience may be caused by occupation, in particular to investigate any association between respiratory disease (malignant and non-malignant) and exposure to diisocyanates. Methods: The mortality (1958-98) and cancer morbidity (1971-94) experienced by a cohort of 8288 male and female employees from 11 factories in England and Wales engaged in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams were investigated. All employees were employed for at least six months with some period of employment in the period 1958-79. Two analytical approaches were used, indirect standardisation and Poisson regression. Results: Compared with the general population of England and Wales, mortality from lung cancer in female employees was significantly increased (observed (Obs) 35, expected (Exp) 19.4, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 181). A similar excess was not found for male employees (Obs 134, Exp 125.0, SMR 107). There were no significantly increased cause specific SMRs among the subcohort (n = 1782) with some period of isocyanate exposed employment. No significant positive trends were found between risks of lung cancer or risks of non-malignant diseases of the respiratory system and durations of "lower" or "higher" exposures to diisocyanates. Conclusions: The study has been unable to link isocyanate exposed employment either with risks of lung cancer or with risks of non-malignant diseases of the respiratory system. The increased SMR for female lung cancer is most likely caused by factors unrelated to the industry under study. KW - diisocyanate derivative KW - isocyanate KW - isocyanic acid derivative KW - polyurethan KW - unclassified drug KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer mortality KW - cohort analysis KW - disease association KW - employee KW - employment KW - female KW - foam KW - human KW - industry KW - lung cancer KW - male KW - malignant neoplastic disease KW - morbidity KW - occupation KW - occupational exposure KW - occupational lung disease KW - Poisson distribution KW - population KW - priority journal KW - respiratory tract disease KW - United Kingdom KW - worker KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cause of Death KW - Chemical Industry KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Polyurethanes KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: OEMEE C2 - 12409534 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sorahan, T.; Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; email: T.M.Sorahan@bham.ac.uk N1 - Chemicals/CAS: isocyanate, 71000-82-3, 75-13-8; polyurethan, 61789-63-7; Polyurethanes; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate, 584-84-9; polyurethane foam, 9009-54-5 N1 - References: Sorahan, T., Pope, D., Mortality and cancer morbidity of production workers in the United Kingdom flexible polyurethane foam industry (1993) Br J Ind Med, 50, pp. 528-536; Hagmar, L., Welinder, H., Mikoczy, Z., Cancer incidence and mortality in the Swedish polyurethane foam manufacturing industry (1993) Br J Ind Med, 50, pp. 537-543; Hagmar, L., Stromberg, U., Welinder, H., Incidence of cancer and exposure to toluene diisocyanate and methylene diphenyldiisocyanate: A cohort based case-referent study in the polyurethane foam manufacturing industry (1993) Br J Ind Med, 50, pp. 1003-1007; Schnorr, T.M., Steenland, K., Egeland, G.M., Mortality of workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate in the polyurethane foam industry (1996) Occup Environ Mud, 53, pp. 703-707; (1999) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Re-Evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, 71. , Lyon: IARC; Clark, R.L., Bugler, J., McDermott, M., An epidemiological study of lung function changes of toluene diisocyanate foam workers in the United Kingdom (1998) Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 71, pp. 169-179; Coleman, M., Douglas, A., Hermon, C., Cohort study analysis with a Fortran computer program (1986) Int J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 134-137; EPICURE. Hirosoft International Corporation, Seattle, 1988; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume II - The design and analysis of cohort studies (1987) IARC Scientific Publication, 82. , Lyon: IARC; Darby, S., Whitley, E., Doll, R., Diet, smoking and lung cancer: A case-control study of 1000 cases and 1500 controls in south-west England (2001) Br J Cancer, 84, pp. 728-735 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036844796&doi=10.1136%2foem.59.11.751&partnerID=40&md5=4d4d5a1b5fe572f6a61117f171ee4525 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Retrospective study of febrile seizures: Subsequent electroencephalogram findings, unprovoked seizures and epilepsy in adolescents T2 - Journal of International Medical Research J2 - J. Int. Med. Res. VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 560 EP - 565 PY - 2002 SN - 03000605 (ISSN) AU - Piperidou, H.N. AU - Heliopoulos, I.N. AU - Maltezos, E.S. AU - Stathopoulos, G.A. AU - Milonas, I.A. AD - Department of Neurology, University of Thrace, General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dimitras 19, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece AD - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Thrace, General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece AD - Lab. of Envtl. Health/Protection, University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece AD - Department of Neurology, Aristotle's University, Thessaloniki, Greece AB - A retrospective questionnaire to determine the prevalence of febrile seizures was given to adolescents (16- and 17-year-olds) in the final 2 years of secondary school at the five schools in Alexandroupolis, Greece. Parents were interviewed, and clinical and electroencephalographic examinations were performed in all adolescents with a history of febrile seizures. Of 1708 adolescents, 56 (3.3%) had experienced at least one febrile seizure. Of these, 44 (78.6%) were simple and 12 (21.4%) were complex febrile seizures. Recurrent seizures occurred in 22 cases (39.3%), and the mean age at onset was 25.1 months. There was a positive first-degree family history in eight cases (14.3%) and this increased to 27.3% in cases with recurrent seizures. Two of the adolescents (3.6%) had had one unprovoked seizure before the age of 3 years, and another two children developed epilepsy. Epileptiform electroencephalogram discharges were observed in only one case (1.8%) with generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy. KW - Adolescents KW - Electroencephalography findings KW - Febrile seizures KW - Unprovoked seizures KW - adolescent KW - article KW - clinical examination KW - controlled study KW - electroencephalogram KW - epilepsy KW - epileptic discharge KW - family history KW - febrile convulsion KW - female KW - grand mal epilepsy KW - Greece KW - high school KW - human KW - interview KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - onset age KW - parent KW - prevalence KW - questionnaire KW - recurrent disease KW - retrospective study KW - Adolescent KW - Age of Onset KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Electroencephalography KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Greece KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Recurrence KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Seizures KW - Seizures, Febrile N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JIMRB C2 - 12526282 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Piperidou, H.N.; Department of Neurology, University of Thrace, General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dimitras 19, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; email: cpiperid@med.duth.gr N1 - References: Rose, S.W., Peny, J.K., Markush, R.E., Radloff, L.A., Putnam, P.L., Prevalence of epilepsy in children (1973) Epilepsia, 14, pp. 133-152; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II. Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) BMJ, 290, pp. 1311-1315; Okan, N., Okan, M., Eralp, O., Aytekin, A.H., The prevalence of neurological disorders among children in Gemlik (1995) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 37, pp. 597-603; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br. Med. J., 280, pp. 207-210; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life (1985) BMJ, 290, pp. 1307-1310; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Elveback, L.R., Kourland, L.T., The risk of epilepsy following febrile convulsions (1979) Neurology, 29, pp. 297-303; O'Donohoe, V.N., Febrile convulsions (1992) Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence, pp. 45-52. , (Roger J, Bureau M, Dravet Ch, Dreifuss EF, Perret A, Wolf P, eds), 2nd edn. London, UK: John Libbey; Webb, D.W., Jones, R.R., Manzur, A.Y., Farrell, K., Retrospective study of late febrile seizures (1999) Pediatr. Neurol., 20, pp. 270-273; Tsuboi, T., Epidemiology of febrile and afebrile convulsions in children in Japan (1984) Neurology, 34, pp. 175-181; Chiofalo, N., Kirschbaum, A., Fuentes, A., Cordero, M.L., Madsen, J., Prevalence of epilepsy in children of Melippilla, Chile (1979) Epilepsia, 20, pp. 261-266; Wallance, S.J., Factors predisposing to a complicated initial febrile convulsion (1975) Arch. Dis. Child, 50, pp. 943-947; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile convulsions (1976) N. Engl. J. Med., 295, pp. 1029-1033; Berg, A.T., Steinschneider, M., Shinnar, S., Identifying complex features of febrile seizures: Medical record review versus medical record plus interview (1993) J. Epilepsy, 6, pp. 133-138; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Hauser, W.A., Alemany, M., Shipiro, E.D., Salomon, M.E., A prospective study of recurrent febrile seizures (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 327, pp. 1122-1127; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Hauser, W.A., Leventhal, J., Predictors of recurrent febrile seizures: A meta-analytic review (1990) J. Pediatr., 116, pp. 329-337; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Derefsky, A.S., Holford, T.R., Shapiro, E.D., Salomon, M.E., Predictors of recurrent febrile seizures: A prospective cohort study (1997) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 151, pp. 371-378; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., The role of recurrences in determining outcome in children with febrile seizures (1981) Febrile Seizures, pp. 19-25. , (KB Nelson, JH Ellenberg, eds). New York: Raven Press; Offringa, M., Hazebroek, A.J.M., Kampschreur, A.A., Derksen-Lubsen, G., Prevalence of febrile seizures in Dutch school children (1991) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 5, pp. 181-188; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Unprovoked seizures in children with febrile seizures: Short-term outcome (1996) Neurology, 47, pp. 562-568; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Shirts, S.B., Kurland, L.T., Factors prognostic of unprovoked seizures after febrile convulsions (1987) N. Engl. J. Med., 316, pp. 493-497; Pavone, L., Cavazuti, G.B., Incorpora, G., Galli, V., Parano, E., Benatti, A., Late febrile convulsions: A clinical follow-up (1989) Brain Dev., 11, pp. 183-185; Wolf, S.M., Forsythe, A., Epilepsy and mental retardation following febrile seizures in childhood (1989) Acta Pediatr. Scand., 78, pp. 291-295; Webb, D.W., Jones, R.R., Manzur, A.Y., Farrell, K., Retrospective study of late febrile seizures (1999) Pediatr. Neurol., 20, pp. 270-273; Okubo, Y., Matsuura, M., Asai, T., Asai, K., Kato, M., Kojima, T., Epileptiform EEG discharges in healthy children: Prevalence, emotional and behavioral correlates, and genetic influences (1994) Epilepsia, 35, pp. 832-841; Gregory, R.P., Oates, T., Merry, R.T., Electroencephalogram epileptiform abnormalities in candidates for aircrew training (1993) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 86, pp. 75-77 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036867337&partnerID=40&md5=e31c66816907ba59c5ebfd14909ef091 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The longterm influence of socio-economic disadvantage on the psychosocial adjustment of women ST - Die langzeitwirkungen sozial-ökonomischer benachteiligung auf die psychosoziale anpassung von frauen T2 - Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie J2 - Z. Psychosom. Med. Psychother. VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 381 EP - 395 PY - 2002 SN - 14383608 (ISSN) AU - Schoon, I. AD - School of Social Sciences, Dep. of Psychology, City University, Northampton Square, GB-London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom AB - On the basis of a prospective longitudinal study of over 15,000 women this paper examines the long-term influences of socio-economic disadvantages on psychosocial adjustment. The study draws on data from two British cohort studies carried out 12 years apart from each other. A contextual developmental perspective is adopted to analyse the pathways linking childhood experiences to adult functioning in a changing socio-historical context. The study suggests a causal chain process linking the early and persisting experience of socio-economic adversity to behavioural maladjustment of girls during childhood and adolescence. Socio-economic adversity and behavioural maladjustment in adolescence, in turn, predict the development of depressive symptoms in adulthood. The influence of socio-economic adversity on individual development, however, also depends on the wider socio-historical context in which development takes place. It is concluded that for a better understanding of psychosocial adjustment across the lifespan we have to consider the interactions of a changing individual in a changing context. KW - Conduct Disorder KW - Depression KW - Longitudinal Analysis KW - Social Risk KW - Women KW - adult KW - article KW - attention deficit disorder KW - behavior KW - cohort analysis KW - depression KW - female KW - human KW - lifespan KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - maladjustment KW - risk factor KW - social psychology KW - socioeconomics KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Depression KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Personality Development KW - Poverty KW - Prospective Studies KW - Psychosocial Deprivation KW - Quality of Life KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Adjustment N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ZPPSB C2 - 12407496 LA - German N1 - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; School of Social Sciences, Dep. of Psychology, City University, Northampton Square, GB-London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom; email: I.Schoon@city.ac.uk N1 - References: Ackerman, B.P., Schoff, K., Levinson, K., Youngstrom, E., Izard, C.E., The relations between cluster indexes of risk and promotion and the problem behaviours of 6- and 7-year-old children from economically disadvantaged families (1999) Dev Psychol, 6, pp. 1355-1366; Arbuckle, J.L., (1999) Amos for Windows. Analysis of moment structures. Version 4.01, , Chicago: SmallWaters Corp; Arbuckle, J.L., Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data (1996) Advanced Structural Equation Modeling Techniques, , Marcoulides, G.A., Schumacker, R.E. (Hg.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Bentler, P.M., Comparative fit indices in structural models (1990) Psychol Bull, 107, pp. 238-246; Birch, H.G., Gussow, J.D., (1970) Disadvantaged children: Health, nutrition and school failure, , New York: Grune & Stratton; Bolger, K.E., Patterson, C.J., Thompson, W.W., Psychosocial adjustment among children experiencing persistent and intermittent family economic hardship (1995) Child Dev, 66, pp. 1107-1129; Bollen, K.A., (1989) Structural equations with latent variables, , New York: Wiley; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1989) Life events and illness, , London: Unwin & Hyman; Browne, M.W., Cudeck, R., Alternative ways of assessing model fit (1993) Testing structural equation models, pp. 136-162. , Bollen, K.A., Long, J.S. (Hg.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Butler, N., Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., (1997) 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) Ten-year Follow-up: A Guide to the BCS70 10-year Data available at the Economic and Social Research Unit Data Archive, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Cicchetti, D., Tucker, D., Development and self-regulatory structures of the mind (1994) Development and Psychopathology, 6, pp. 533-549; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., (1981) Sleeper effects in development: Fact or artefact: Developmental Review, 1, pp. 344-360; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., (2000) Early experience and the life path, , London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; Cohen, J., A power primer (1992) Psychol Bull, 112 (1), pp. 155-159; Davie, R., Butler, H., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , London: Longman; Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S., Bates, J.E., Socialization mediators on the relation between socio-economic status and child conduct problems (1994) Child Dev, 65, pp. 649-665; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Economic deprivation and early childhood development (1994) Child Dev, 65, pp. 296-318; Elander, J., Rutter, M., An update on the status of the Rutter Parents' and Teachers' scales (1996) Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 1, pp. 31-35; Felner, R.D., Brand, S., DuBois, D.L., Adan, A., Mulhall, P.F., Evans, E.G., Socioeconomic disadvantage, proximal environmental experiences, and socioemotional and academic adjustment in early adolescence: Investigation of a mediated effects model (1995) Child Dev, 66, pp. 774-792; Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Educational, psychosocial and sexual outcomes of girls with conduct problems in early adolescence (2000) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 41, pp. 779-792; Ferri, E., Smith, K., Where you life and who you live with (1997) Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere. Twenty-something in the 1990's, pp. 53-76. , Bynner, J., Ferri E., Shepherd, P. (Hg.). Aldershot: Ashgate; Freud, A., Probleme der pubertät (1960) Psyche, 14, pp. 1-24; Garmezy, N., Resilience and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty (1991) American Behavioral Scientist, 34, pp. 416-430; Garmezy, N., Masten, A., Chronic adversities (1994) Child and adolescent psychiatry: Modern approaches, pp. 191-208. , Rutter, M., Taylor, E., Hersov, L. (Hg.). (3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; Hammen, C., Cognitive, life stress, and interpersonal approaches to a developmental psychopathological model of depression (1992) Development and Psychopathology, 4, pp. 189-206; Montgomery, S.M., Schoon, I., Health and health behaviour (1997) Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere. Twenty-something in the 1990's, pp. 77-96. , Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P. (Hg.). Aldershot: Ashgate; Nolen-Hoeksema, S., (1990) Sex differences in depression, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; (1980) Standard Classification of Occupations (SOC), , London: HSMO; Power, C., Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults (1991) Soc Sci Med, 32, pp. 411-417; Pungello, E.P., Kupersmidt, J.B., Burchinal, M.R., Patterson, C.J., Environmental risk factors and children's achievement from middle childhood to early adolescence (1996) Dev Psychol, 32, pp. 755-767; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) J R Soc Med, 71, pp. 489-493; Robins, L.N., A 7-year history of conduct disorder: Variations in definition, prevalence, and correlates (1998) Historical and Geographical Influences on Psychopathology, pp. 37-56. , Cohen, P., Slombowski, C., Robins, L.N. (Hg.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Robins, L.N., Rutter, M., (1990) Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Rudolf, G., Motzkau, H., Auswirkungen von biographischen belastungen (1997) Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal, 43, pp. 349-368; Rutter, M., Family and school influences on behavioural development (1985) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 26, pp. 349-368; Rutter, M., Madge, N., (1976) Cycles of disadvantage: A review of research, , London: Heinemann Educational Books; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longmans; Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence of context, timing and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to early adulthood (2002) Child Dev (im Druck); Schoon, I., Montgomery, S.M., Zum zusammenhang von frühkindlichen lebenserfahrungen und depression im erwachsenenalter (1997) Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal, 43, pp. 319-333; Shepherd, P., Analysis of Response Bias (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 84-188. , Ferri, E. (Hg.). London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction, its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , SSRU, City University London: Working Paper Nr. 1; Shepherd, P., Survey and Response (1997) Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere. Twenty-something in the 1990's, pp. 129-136. , Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P. (Hg.). Aldershot: Ashgate; Smith, D.J., Rutter, M., Time trends in psychosocial disorders of youth (1995) Psychological Disorder in Young People. Time Trends and Their Causes, , Rutter, M., Smith, D.J. (Hg.). Chichester: Wiley; Steiger, J.H., Structural model evaluation and modification: An internal estimation approach (1990) Multivariate Behavioural Research, 25, pp. 173-180; Van de Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Van den Bos, J., Mackenbach, J.P., The contribution of childhood environment to the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in adult life: A retrospective study (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 13-24; West, P., Sweeting, H., Nae job, nae future. Young people and health in a context of unemployment (1996) Health and Social Care in the Community, 4, pp. 50-62; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1992) Overcoming the Odds. High risk children from birth to adulthood, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036390686&partnerID=40&md5=95a7b9d9bad9519b3fbe37a4c29ed552 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Association between psychological symptoms in adults and growth in early life: Longitudinal follow up study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 325 IS - 7367 SP - 749 EP - 751 PY - 2002 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, Y.B. AU - Khoo, K.S. AU - Karlberg, J. AU - Machin, D. AD - Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore AD - Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore AD - Clinical Trials Centre, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong AD - Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To test the hypothesis that birth weight for gestational age and weight gain in early childhood have a long term association with psychological distress in adults. Design: Longitudinal study of 1958 birth cohort followed to age 42 years. Setting: Population based birth cohort study. Participants: 9731 cohort members with valid perinatal, postnatal, and adult data. Main outcome measures: Malaise inventory scores measured at ages 23, 33, and 42 years. Generalised estimating equations approach used to analyse repeated measures. Results: Psychological distress score was inversely related to birthweight z score and weight gain from birth to the age of 7 years. A unit increase in birthweight z score or childhood weight gain was associated with a mean reduction in psychological distress score of 0.10 (95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.14) and 0.06 (0.02 to 0.10), respectively. Birth weight and weight gain were also inversely related to the odds of having a high level of psychological distress, with odds ratios being 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) and 0.93 (0.89 to 0.98), respectively. Conclusions Psychological health in adults is related to fetal growth and growth in early childhood. KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - child growth KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - distress syndrome KW - female KW - fetus growth KW - follow up KW - gestational age KW - human KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - malaise KW - male KW - priority journal KW - psychosomatic disorder KW - United Kingdom KW - weight gain KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Gestational Age KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Stress, Psychological N1 - Cited By :63 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 12364303 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.B.; Div. Clin. Trials/Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; email: ctecyb@nccs.com.sg N1 - References: Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; Niklasson, A., Ericson, A., Fryer, J.G., Karlberg, J., Lawrence, C., Karlberg, P., An update of the Swedish reference standards for weight, length and head circumference at birth for given gestational age (1977-1981) (1991) Acta Paediatr Scand, 80, pp. 756-762; Liang, K.Y., Zeger, S.L., Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models (1986) Biometrika, 73, pp. 13-22; Fayers, P.M., Machin, D., (2000) Quality of Life: Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation, , Chichester: Wiley; Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M.S., Cole, T.J., Fetal origin of adult disease: The hypothesis revisited (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 245-249; Cheung, Y.B., Adjustment for selection bias in cohort studies: An application of a probit model with selectivity to life course epidemiology (2001) J Clin Epidemiol, 54, pp. 1238-1243; Cheung, Y.B., Early origins and adult correlates of psychosomatic distress (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 937-948; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the malaise inventory (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 25, pp. 170-178; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the malaise inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; Hirst, M.A., Bradshaw, J.R., Evaluating the malaise inventory: A comparison of measures of stress (1983) J Psychosom Res, 27, pp. 193-199; Nilsson, P.M., Nyberg, P., Ostergren, P.O., Increased susceptibility to stress at a psychological assessment of stress tolerance is associated with impaired fetal growth (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 75-80 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037027122&partnerID=40&md5=439bb16aae6d280438870f6e643f0b31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of aging and radiation exposure on blood pressure levels of atomic bomb survivors T2 - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology J2 - J. Clin. Epidemiol. VL - 55 IS - 10 SP - 974 EP - 981 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00439-0 SN - 08954356 (ISSN) AU - Sasaki, H. AU - Wong, F.L. AU - Yamada, M. AU - Kodama, K. AD - Radiation Effect Research Foundation, Department of Clinical Studies, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Atom. B. Cas. Cncl. Hlth. Prom. Ctr., 3-8-6 Senda-machi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Hiroshima Univ. School of Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan AB - The Adult Health Study (AHS) is a longitudinal study that has included biennial blood pressure measurements since 1958. In the present study, we applied the mixed effects model for serially measured data on the AHS population to (1) examine age-related changes in blood pressure and (2) detect possible radiation effects. The estimated longitudinal model of systolic blood pressure (SBP) depicted a linear increase from 30 to 80 years of age for both sexes. The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) rose linearly to about 65 years of age and then leveled off. There were marked differences in the longitudinal trends of DBP among birth cohorts, particularly for men, with higher DBP levels in the younger cohort. The present analysis demonstrated a small but statistically significant effect of ionizing radiation on the longitudinal trends of both SBP and DBP. This phenomenon is compatible with the degenerative effect of ionizing radiation on blood vessels. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Aging KW - Blood pressure KW - Longitudinal study KW - Radiation exposure KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - aged KW - aging KW - article KW - atomic bomb survivor KW - blood pressure measurement KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - degeneration KW - diastolic blood pressure KW - female KW - human KW - ionizing radiation KW - Japan KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - model KW - priority journal KW - radiation exposure KW - radiation response KW - sex difference KW - systolic blood pressure KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aging KW - Blood Pressure KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Radioactive Fallout KW - Survivors N1 - Cited By :39 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JCEPE C2 - 12464373 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Radiation Effect Research Foundation, Department of Clinical Studies, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan; email: yamada@rerf.or.jp N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Radioactive Fallout N1 - References: Kannel, W.B., Wolf, P.A., McGee, D.L., Dawber, T.R., McNamara, P., Gastelli, W.P., Systolic blood pressure, arterial rigidity and risk of stroke (1981) The Framingham Study. JAMA, 245, p. 1225; Farmer, M.E., White, L.R., Abbott, R.D., Kittner, S.J., Kaplan, E., Wolz, M.M., Brody, J.A., Wolf, P.A., Blood pressure and cognitive performance (1987) The Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol, 126, pp. 1103-1114; Stamler, R., Stamler, J., Riedlinger, W.F., Algera, G., Roberts, R.H., Weight and blood pressure. Findings in hypertension screening of 1 million Americans (1978) JAMA, 240, pp. 1607-1610; Landahl, S., Bengtsson, C., Sigurdsson, J.A., Svanborg, A., Svardsudd, K., Age-related changes in blood pressure (1986) Hypertension, 8, pp. 1044-1049; Miall, W.E., Chinn, S., Blood pressure and ageing: Results of a 15-17 year follow-up study in South Wales (1973) Clin Sci Mol Med, 45, pp. 23-33; Svardsudd, K., Tibblin, G.A., A longitudinal blood-pressure study: Change of blood pressure during ten years in relation to age and initial level: The study of men born in 1913 (1980) J Chronic Dis, 33, pp. 627-636; Franklin, S.S., Gustin, W., Wong, N.D., Larson, M.G., Weber, M.A., Kannel, W.B., Levy, D., Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure (1997) The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 96, pp. 308-315; Yong, L.C., Kuller, L.H., Rutan, G., Bunker, C., Longitudinal study of blood pressure: Changes and determinants from adolescence to middle age. The Dormont High School Follow-up Study, 1957-1963 to 1989-1990 (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 138, pp. 973-983; Pearson, J.D., Morrell, C.H., Brant, L.J., Landos, P.K., Fleg, J.L., Age-associated changes in blood pressure in a longitudinal study of healthy men and women (1997) J Gerontol, 52 A, pp. 177-M183; Oberman, A., Lane, N.E., Harlan, W.R., Graybiel, A., Mitchell, R.E., Trends in systolic blood pressure in the thousand-aviator cohort over a twenty-four year period (1967) Circulation, 36, pp. 812-822; Sawada, H., Kodama, K., Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., (1986) Adult Health Study Report 6. Results of six examination cycles, 1968-80. Hiroshima and Nagasaki. RERF TR 3-86, , Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Finch, S.C., Finch, C.A., (1988) Summary of the studies at ABCC-RERF concerning the late hematological effects of Atomic Bomb exposure in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. RERF TR 23-88, , Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Tsuya, A., Wakano, Y., Otake, M., (1969) Capillary microscopic observation on the superficial minute vessels of Atomic-bomb survivors, 1956-57. 1. Fingernail fold, labial mucosa, and lingual mucosa. ABCC TR 23-69, , Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Switzer, S., (1961) ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study Hiroshima, 1958-59. Hypertension and ischemic heart disease. ABCC TR 01-61, , Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Yano, K., Ueda, S., (1962) Cardiovascular disease in relation to exposure to ionizing radiation. ABCC TR 22-62, , Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Dock, D.S., Fukushima, K., (1976) A longitudinal study of arterial blood pressure in the Japanese, 1958-72, , ABCC TR 8-76. Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Kitano, K., Yamada, M., Fujiwara, S., Neriishi, K., Hosoda, Y., Kato, H., Secular trends of blood pressure in A-bomb survivors (1986) Nagasaki Igakkai Zasshi-Nagasaki Med J, 61, pp. 442-448. , [in Japanese]; Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., Schull, W.J., Hoel, D.G., Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors 9. Mortality, 1950-1985; Part 3. Noncancer mortality based on the revised doses (DS86) (1992) Radiat Res, 130, pp. 249-266; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Hosoda, Y., Effects of radiation on the longitudinal trends of total serum cholesterol levels in the atomic bomb survivors (1999) Radiat Res, 151, pp. 736-746; Roesch, W.C., (1987) Reassessment of Atomic Bomb radiation dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , Final report. Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H., Random-effects models for longitudinal data (1982) Biometrics, 38, pp. 963-974; Yamada, M., Wong, F.L., Kodama, K., Sasaki, H., Shimaoka, K., Yamakido, M., Longitudinal trends in total serum cholesterol levels in a Japanese cohort, 1958-86 (1997) J Clin Epidemiol, 50, pp. 425-434; Cook, N., (1982) A FORTRAN program for random-effects models, Technical Report, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics;; Landowne, M., Brandfonbrener, M., Shock, N.W., The relation of age to certain measures of performance of the heart and the circulation (1955) Circulation, 12, pp. 567-576; Finkielman, S., Worcel, M., Agrest, A., Hemodynamic patterns in essential hypertension (1965) Circulation, 31, pp. 356-368; Goldstein, G., The biology of aging (1971) N Engl J Med, 285, pp. 1120-1129; Wilking, S.V.B., Belanger, A.L., Kannel, W.B., D'Agostino, R.B., Steel, K., Determinants of isolated systolic hypertension (1988) JAMA, 260, pp. 3451-3455; Johnson, A.L., Cornoni, J.C., Cassel, J.C., Typoler, H.A., Heyden, S., Hames, C.G., Influence of race, sex and weight on blood pressure behavior in young adults (1975) Am J Cardiol, 35, pp. 523-530; Hofman, A., Ellison, R.C., Newburger, J., Miettinen, O., Blood pressure and haemodynamics in teenagers (1982) Br Heart J, 48, pp. 377-380; Hofman, A., Roelandt, J.T.R.C., Boomsma, F., Schalekamp, M.A.D.H., Valkenburg, H.A., Haemodynamics, plasma noradrenaline and plasma renin in hypertensive and normotensive teenagers (1981) Clin Sci, 61, pp. 169-174; Ferrario, C.M., Averill, D.B., Do primary dysfunctions in neural control of arterial pressure contribute to hypertension? (1991) Hypertension, 18, pp. 38-51; Markovitz, J., Matthews, K.A., Kannel, W.B., Cobb, J.L., D'Agostino, R.B., Psychological predictors of hypertension in the Framingham Study (1993) JAMA, 270, pp. 2439-2443; Markovitz, J.H., Matthews, K.A., Wing, R.R., Kuller, L.H., Meilahn, E.N., Psychological, biological and health behavior predictors of blood pressure changes in middle-aged women (1991) J Hypertens, 9, pp. 399-406; Poulter, N.R., Khaw, K., Hopwood, B.E., Mugambi, M., Peart, W.S., Sever, P.S., Determinants of blood pressure changes due to urbanization; A longitudinal study (1985) J Hypertens, (SUPPL. 3), pp. S375-S377; Nakagawa, Y., Takabayashi, H., Takahashi, S., Tatara, K., The relationship between stress and health indicators in an urban population-from a study of subjects selected by sex and age groups who underwent health check-ups in S city in Osaka prefecture (1998) Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 53, pp. 407-419. , [in Japanese]; Greene, S.B., Aavedal, M.J., Tyroler, H.A., Davis, C.E., Hames, C.G., Smoking habits and blood pressure change: A seven year follow-up (1977) J Chron Dis, 30, pp. 401-413; Mann, S.J., James, G.D., Wang, R.S., Pickering, T.G., Elevation of ambulatory systolic blood pressure in hypertensive smokers (1991) JAMA, 265, pp. 2226-2228; Sasaki, T., Sweedler, D.R., Okamoto, A., (1964) Cold presser test on Atomic Bomb survivors, Nagasaki: ABCC TR 3-64, , Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Stewart, J.R., Cohn, K.E., Fajardo, L.F., Hancock, W.E., Kaplan, H.S., Radiation-induced heart disease. A study of twenty-five patients (1967) Radiology, 89, pp. 302-310; Van Cleave, C.D., (1968) Late somatic effects of ionizing radiation, , Oak Ridge: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information;; Casarett, G.W., Similarities and contrasts between radiation and time pathology (1964) Adv Gerontol Res, 1, pp. 109-163; Reinhold, H.S., Cell viability of the vessel wall (1974) Curr Top Radiat Res, 10, pp. 9-28; Finch, S.C., Moriyama, I.M., (1978) The delayed effects of radiation exposure among Atomic Bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1945-79, , A brief summary. RERF TR 16-78. Hiroshima, Japan: Radiation Effects Research Foundation;; Guyton, A.C., Coleman, T.G., Young, D.B., Lohmeier, T.E., Declue, J.W., Salt balance and long-term blood pressure control (1980) Annu Rev Med, 31, pp. 15-27; Komachi, Y., Iida, M., Shimamoto, T., Chikayama, Y., Takahashi, H., Konishi, M., Tominaga, S., Geographic and occupation comparisons of risk factors in cardiovascular diseases in Japan (1971) Jpn Circ J, 35, pp. 189-207; Shimamoto, T., Komachi, Y., Inada, H., Doi, M., Iso, H., Sato, S., Kitamura, A., Kojima, S., Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan (1989) Circulation, 79, pp. 503-515; Yamada, M., Kodama, K., Wong, F.L., The long-term psychological sequelae of atomic-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1991) The medical basis for radiation-accident preparedness III. The psychological perspective, , R.C. Ricks, M. Ellen Berger, & O. Hara FM. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc.; UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036819147&doi=10.1016%2fS0895-4356%2802%2900439-0&partnerID=40&md5=90f010fcd79df0fc79d7ca88e0b5c0de ER - TY - JOUR TI - The logic for a conception-to-death cohort study T2 - Annals of Epidemiology J2 - Ann. Epidemiol. VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 445 EP - 451 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00314-3 SN - 10472797 (ISSN) AU - Eaton, W.W. AD - Department of Mental Hygiene, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States AD - Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States AB - This article proposes that the nation undertake a study of a cohort which will be followed from pregnancy to death- a research project that will require more than 100 years. The project would take advantage of the recent completion of the human genome study, the accelerating development of new non-invasive measurement technologies, as well as new information about the complexity and long duration of the causal period for diseases. This complexity involves increasing awareness of long developmental processes which do not fit the typical picture of disease and that do not always have an obvious demarcation of disease onset. Appreciation for the complexity of the web of causation has expanded as the human genome project has unfolded, because it has become increasingly apparent how intimately the action of genetic material depends on contingencies of the individual interacting with the environment; and that the chances of discovering the action of genes, singly or in clusters, will be greatly enhanced by the ability to characterize the environment during distinct developmental periods. Likewise, the ability to understand environmental influences will depend on knowledge of genes. Additionally, there is new evidence for here-to-fore unsuspected comorbidities, the understanding of which would be greatly benefitted by a conception-to-death cohort study with a broad range of health outcomes. In many cases these developmental processes, contingencies, and comorbidities involve long causal periods, approaching that of the entire human lifespan. A conception-to-death cohort study would provide information on disease, human development, environmental risk and protective factors, and public health that will not be achievable by any other research design. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Cohort KW - Comorbities KW - Conception-to-death KW - Envirome KW - Human genome study KW - Web of causation KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - comorbidity KW - death KW - disease course KW - disease duration KW - human KW - human genome KW - lifespan KW - medical research KW - methodology KW - onset age KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - Causality KW - Cohort Studies KW - Death KW - Environmental Health KW - Female KW - Fertilization KW - Genome, Human KW - Humans KW - Pregnancy KW - Public Health KW - Research Design KW - United States N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ANNPE C2 - 12377420 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Eaton, W.W.; Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; email: weaton@jhsph.edu N1 - References: Ahdieh, L., Gange, S., Greenblatt, R., Minkoff, H., Anastos, K., Young, M., Selection by indication of potent antiretroviral therapy usage in a large cohort of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (2000) Am J Epidemiol., 152, pp. 923-933; Anthony, J.C., Eaton, W.W., Henderson, A.S., Looking to the future in psychiatric epidemiology (1995) Epidemiol Rev., 17, pp. 240-242; Anthony, J.C., Petronis, K.R., Epidemiologic evidence on suspected associations between cocaine use and psychiatric disturbances (1991) The Epidemiology of Cocaine Use and Abuse, pp. 71-94. , Schober S, Schade C, eds. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office; Research Monograph 110; (DHHS Publication No. ADM-91-1787); Armenian, H.K., Lilienfeld, A.K., Incubation period of disease (1983) Epidemiol Rev., 5, pp. 1-15; Arnason, B.G.W., Autoimmune diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems (1998) The Autoimmune Diseases Third edition, pp. 571-602. , N.R. Rose, & I.R. Mackay. New York: Academic Press; Barker, D.J.P., Fetal origins of coronary heart disease (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 171-174; Barker, D.J.P., Martyn, C.N., The maternal and fetal origins of cardiovascular disease (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 8-11; Blaser, M.J., Chyou, P.H., Nomura, A., Age at establishment of Helicobacter ppylori infection and gastric carcinoma, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer risk (1995) Cancer Res., 55, pp. 562-565; Blaser, M.J., Parsonnet, J., Parasitism by the "slow" bacterium Helicobacter pylori leads to altered gastric homeostasis and neo-plasia (1994) J Clin Invest., 94, pp. 4-8; Breitner, J.C.S., Wyse, B.W., Anthony, J.C., Welsh-Bohner, K., Steffens, D., Norton, M., APOE-e4 count predicts age when prevalence of AD increases, then declines: The Cache county study (1999) Neurology, 53, pp. 321-331; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume II - The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2. , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Carpenter, C.C.J., Cooper, D.A., Fischl, M.A., Gatell, J., Gazzard, B., Hammer, S., Antiretroviral therapy in adults: Updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society - USA Panel (2000) JAMA, 283, pp. 381-390; Dawber, T.R., (1980) The Framingham Study: The Epidemiology of Atherosclerotic Disease, , Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; Deary, I.J., Whalley, L.J., Lemmon, H., Crawford, J.R., Starr, J.M., The stability of individual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age: Follow-up of the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey (2000) Intelligence, 28, pp. 49-55; Drillien, C.M., (1964) The Growth and Development of the Prematurely Born Infant, , Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; Eaton, W.W., Anthony, J.C., Gallo, J., Natural history of DIS/DSM major depression: The Baltimore ECA Followup (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, pp. 993-999; Eaton, W.W., Armenian, H.K., Gallo, J.J., Pratt, L., Ford, D., Depression and Risk for onset of Type II Diabetes: A prospective, population-based study (1996) Diabetes Care, 19, pp. 1097-1102; Eaton, W.W., Badawi, M., Melton, B., Prodromes and precursors: Epidemiologic data for primary prevention of disorders with slow onset (1995) Am J Psychiatry, 152, pp. 967-972; Eaton, W., Harrison G. Epidemiology and social aspects of the human envirome (1998) Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 11, pp. 165-168; Elder, G.H., (1974) Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Fan, A.P., (1999) The Influence of Perinatal Complications and Early Social Environment on Mental Health and Status Attainment in Adulthood: The Baltimore NCPP Follow Up, 1960-1994, , Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University; Fombonne, E., The epidemiology of autism: A review (1999) Psychol Med., 29, pp. 769-786; Gajdusek, D.C., Unconventional viruses and the origin and disappearance of kuru (1977) Science, 197, pp. 943-960; Gallo, J.J., Armenian, H.K., Ford, D.E., Eaton, W.W., Khachaturian, A.S., Major Depression and cancer: The 13-year followup of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area sample (2000) Cancer Causes Control, 11, pp. 751-758; Hancock, S.L., Tucker, M.A., Hoppe, R.T., Breast cancer after treatment of Hodgkin's disease (1993) J Natl Cancer Inst., 85, pp. 25-31; Hardy, J.B., Drage, J.S., Jackson, E.C., (1979) The First Year of Life: The Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Hardy, J.B., McCracken, G.H., Gilkeson, M.R., Sever, J.L., Adverse fetal consequences following maternal rubella infection after the first trimester of pregnancy (1969) JAMA, 207, pp. 2414-2420; Jones, R.W., Ring, S., Tyfield, L., Hamvas, R., Simmons, H., Pembrey, M., A new human genetic resource: A DNA bank established as part of the Avon Longitudinal study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC) (2000) Eur J Hum Genet., 8, pp. 653-660; Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiol Rev., 18, pp. 158-173; Kellmer-Pringle, M.L., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., (1966) 11,000 Seven-Year-Olds: First Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , London: Longmans, Green & Co Ltd; Klitzman, R.L., Alpers, M.P., Gajdusek, D.C., The natural incubation period of kuru and episodes of transmissions in three clusters of patients (1984) Neuroepidemiology, 3, pp. 3-20; Krieger, N., Epidemiology and the web of causation: Has anyone seen the spider? (1994) Soc Sci Med., 39, pp. 887-903; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Larson, S., Owens, P., Ford, D., Eaton, W., Depressive disorders, dysthymia and risk of stroke: A thirteen year follow-up from the Baltimore ECA (2001) Stroke; Liddell, F.D.K., The development of cohort studies in epidemiology: A review (1988) J Clin Epidemiol., 41, pp. 1217-1237; Lilienfeld, D.E., Stolley, P.D., (1994) Foundations of Epidemiology, , New York: Oxford University Press; McEwen, B.S., Stress, adaptation, and disease: Allostasis and allostatic load (1998) Ann N Y Acad Sci., 840, pp. 33-44; McHugh, P.R., Slavney, P.R., (1998) The Perspectives of Psychiatry Second edition, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; McKenna, M.C., Zevon, M.A., Corn, B., Rounds, J., Psychosocial factors and the development of breast cancer: A meta-analysis (1999) Health Psychol., 18, pp. 520-531; Mellors, J.W., Munoz, A., Giorgi, J.V., Margolick, J., Tassoni, C., Phalguni, K., Plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocytes as prognostic markers of HIV-1 infection (1997) Ann Intern Med., 126, pp. 946-954; Melnick, J.L., Hepatocellular carcinoma caused by Hepatitis B virus (1997) Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control Fourth edition, pp. 969-981. , A.S. Evans, & R.A. Kaslow. New York: Plenum; Moceri, V.M., Kukull, W.A., Emanuel, I., Van Belle, G., Larson, E.B., (2000) Gene and early-life environment interactions in the development of Alzheimer's disease, , Seattle, Washington: Society for Epidemiologic Research; Motz, L., Weaver, J.H., (1995) The Story of Astronomy, , New York: Plenum Press; Mrazek, P.J., Haggerty, R.J., (1994) Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Munoz, A., Gange, S.J., Methodologic issues for biomarkers and intermediate outcomes in cohort studies (1998) Epidemiol Rev., 21, pp. 29-42; Munoz, A., Gange, S.J., Jacobson, L.P., Distinguishing efficacy, individual effectiveness, and population effectiveness of therapies (2000) AIDS, 14, pp. 754-756; Nesselroade, J.R., Interindividual differences in intraindividual change (1991) Best Methods for the Analysis of Change, pp. 92-105. , Collins LM, Horn JL, eds. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association; Nicholson, W.J., Selection factors in cohort studies (1985) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr., 67, pp. 111-115; Olsen, J., Prenatal exposures and long-term effects (2000) Epidemiol Rev., 22, pp. 76-81; Olsen, J., Melbye, M., Olsen, S.F., Sorensen, T., Aaby, P., Andersen, A., The Danish National Birth Cohort - Its background, structure, and aim Scand J Public Health, , In press; Parsonnet, J., Friedman, G.D., Vandersteen, D.P., Chang, Y., Vogelman, H., Orentreich, N., Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma (1991) N Engl J Med., 16, pp. 1127-1131; Pratt, L.A., Ford, D.E., Crum, R.M., Armenian, H.K., Gallo, J.J., Eaton, W.W., Depression, psychotropic medication and risk of heart attack: Prospective data from the Baltimore ECA Follow-up (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 3123-3129; Prince, M., Is chronic low-level lead exposure in early life an etiologic factor in Alzheimer's disease? (1998) Epidemiology, 9, pp. 618-621; Reingold, A.L., Infectious disease epidemiology in the 21st century: Will it be eradicated or will it reemerge? (2000) Epidemiol Rev., 22, pp. 57-63; Rothman, K.J., Induction and latent periods (1981) Am J Epidemiol., 114, pp. 253-259; Samet, J.M., Munoz, A., (1998) Epidemiologic Reviews: Cohort Studies, , Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health; Sterling, P., Eyer, J., Allostasis: A new paradigm to explain arousal pathology (1988) Handbook of Life Stress, , S. Fisher, & J. Reason. New York: Wiley; Susser, E., Terry, M.B., Matte, T., The birth cohorts grow up: New opportunities for epidemiology (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol., 14, pp. 98-100; Swartz, K.L., Pratt, L.A., Armenian, H.K., Lee, L.C., Eaton, W.W., Antecedent affective disorders do not predict incident migraine headaches in the Baltimore ECA Followup study Arch Gen Psychiatry, , In Press; (2001) The Longitudinal Cohort Study of Environmental Effects on Child Health and Development, , http://www.nichd.nih.gov/despr/cohort/, October; (2000) The President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children. A National Longitudinal Cohort Study of Environmental Impacts on Children and Families, , June; Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents (1998) MMWR, 47, pp. 42-82; Weller, T.H., Varicella-Herpes Zoster Virus (1997) Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control Fourth edition, pp. 865-892. , A.S. Evans, & R.A. Kaslow. New York: Plenum; Whalley, L.J., Starr, J.M., Athawes, R., Hunter, D., Pattie, A., Deary, I.J., Childhood mental ability and dementia (2000) Neurology, 55, pp. 1455-1459; Willett, W.C., Colditz, G.A., Approaches for conducting large cohort studies (1998) Epidemiol Rev., 20, pp. 91-99; Zippin, C., Petrakis, N.L., Marital and reproductive histories of women with cancer of the breast and their sisters (1979) West J Med., 130, pp. 411-413 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036789843&doi=10.1016%2fS1047-2797%2801%2900314-3&partnerID=40&md5=00a6dd26cc2233bfda6bff672baa76e1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Women's height, reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences J2 - Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. VL - 269 IS - 1503 SP - 1919 EP - 1923 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1098/rspb.2002.2111 SN - 09628452 (ISSN) AU - Nettle, D. AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom AB - Recent studies have shown that, in contemporary populations, tall men have greater reproductive success than shorter men. This appears to be due to their greater ability to attract mates. To our knowledge, no comparable results have yet been reported for women. This study used data from Britain's National Child Development Study to examine the life histories of a nationally representative group of women. Height was weakly but significantly related to reproductive success. The relationship was U-shaped, with deficits at the extremes of height. This pattern was largely due to poor health among extremely tall and extremely short women. However, the maximum reproductive success was found below the mean height for women. Thus, selection appears to be sexually disruptive in this population, favouring tall men and short women. Over evolutionary time, such a situation tends to maintain sexual dimorphism. Men do not use stature as a positive mate-choice criterion as women do. It is argued that there is good evolutionary reason for this, because men are orientated towards cues of fertility, and female height, being positively related to age of sexual maturity, is not such a cue. KW - Height KW - Human evolution KW - Mate choice KW - Sexual dimorphism KW - evolution KW - mate choice KW - sexual dimorphism KW - article KW - body height KW - evolution KW - female KW - fertility KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - mating KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - reproduction KW - reproductive success KW - sex difference KW - sexual maturity KW - social behavior KW - socioeconomics KW - adolescent KW - decision making KW - evolution KW - marriage KW - menstruation KW - reproduction KW - sexual development KW - social class KW - Homo KW - Homo sapiens KW - Homo sapiens KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Choice Behavior KW - Evolution KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Marriage KW - Menstruation KW - Reproduction KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Social Class PB - Royal Society N1 - Cited By :104 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PRLBA C2 - 12350254 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Nettle, D.; Department of Biological Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom; email: d.nettle@open.ac.uk N1 - References: Alexander, R.D., Hoogland, R.L., Howard, R.D., Noonan, K.M., Sherman, P.W., Sexual dimorphisms and breeding systems in pinnipeds, ungulates, primates, and humans (1979) Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behaviour: An Anthroplogical Perspective, pp. 436-453. , ed. W. Irons. North Scituate, RI: Duxbury; Buss, D., Sex differences in human mate preferences (1989) Behav. Brain Sci., 12, pp. 1-49; Butler, N., Bonham, D., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone; Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2001) The design and conduct of the 1999-2000 surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study, , London: Institute of Education, Centre for Longditudinal Studies; Chatterjee, S., Das, N., Chatterjee, P., The estimation of the heritability of anthropometric measures (1999) Appl. Hum. Sci., 18, pp. 1-7; Feingold, A., Do taller men have prettier girlfriends? (1982) Psychol. Rep., 50, p. 810; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau, City University, Economic and Social Research Council; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; Gadgil, M., Bossert, W., Life-history consequences of natural selection (1970) Am. Nat., 104, pp. 1-24; Gillis, J.S., Avis, W.E., The male-taller norm in mate selection (1980) Personality Social Psychol. Bull., 6, pp. 396-401; Heliovaara, M., Makela, M., Knekt, P., Determinants of sciatica and low-back pain (1991) Spine, 16, pp. 608-614; Hensley, W.E., Height as a basis for interpersonal attraction (1994) Adolescence, 29, pp. 469-474; Hilavki-Clarke, L., Forsen, T., Eriksson, J.G., Luoto, R., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Tallness and overweight during childhood have opposing effects on breast cancer risk (2001) Br. J. Cancer, 85, pp. 1680-1684; Jackson, L.A., Ervin, K.S., Height stereotypes of women and men: The liabilities of shortness for both sexes (1992) J. Social Psychol., 132, pp. 433-445; Kenrick, D.T., Keefe, R.C., Age preferences in mates reflect sex differences in human reproductive strategies (1992) Behav. Brain Sci., 15, pp. 75-133; Michaud, D.S., Giovannuci, E., Willett, W.C., Colditz, G.A., Stampfer, M.J., Fuchs, C.S., Physical activity, obesity, height and the risk of pancreatic cancer (2001) J. Am. Medical Assoc., 286, pp. 921-929; Mueller, U., Mazur, A., Evidence of unconstrained directional selection for male tallness (2001) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 50, pp. 302-311; Nettle, D., Height and reproductive success in a cohort of British men (2002) Hum. Nature, , In the press; Nettle, D., IQ, class and class mobility in the British population (2002) Br. J. Psychol. A, , Submitted; Pawlowski, B., Dunbar, R.I.M., Lipowicz, A., Tall men have more reproductive success (2000) Nature, 403, p. 156; Peck, M.N., Chilhood environment, intergenerational mobility and adult health: Evidence from Swedish data (1992) J. Epidemiol. Community Hlth, 46, pp. 71-74; Roff, D.A., (1992) The Evolution of Life Histories: Theory and Analysis, , New York: Chapman & Hall; Shepperd, J.A., Strathman, A.J., Attractiveness and height: The role of stature in dating preference, frequency of dating, and perceptions of attractiveness (1989) Personality Social Psychol. Bull., 15, pp. 617-627; Silventoinen, K., Lahelma, E., Rahkonen, O., Social background, adult body-height and health (1999) Int. J. Epidemiol., 28, pp. 911-918; Sinclair, D., Dangerfield, P., (1998) Human Growth After Birth, , Oxford University Press; Vetta, A., Fertility, physique and intensity of selection (1975) Hum. Biol., 47, pp. 283-293; Waynforth, D., Dunbar, R.I.M., Conditional mate choice in humans: Evidence from lonely hearts advertisements (1995) Behaviour, 132, pp. 735-739 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037159047&doi=10.1098%2frspb.2002.2111&partnerID=40&md5=ff597222c80e2a59f32e51537cfac0db ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of radiation dose on the height of atomic bomb survivors: A longitudinal study T2 - Radiation Research J2 - Radiat. Res. VL - 158 IS - 3 SP - 346 EP - 351 PY - 2002 SN - 00337587 (ISSN) AU - Nakashima, E. AU - Fujiwara, S. AU - Funamoto, S. AD - Department of Statistics, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hijiyama Park 5-2, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan AB - We conducted a longitudinal analysis of height after age 20 for atomic bomb survivors in the Adult Health Study (AHS) cohort. The measurements we used were made from July 1958 to June 1998 (AHS examination cycles 1-20). We analyzed only the subjects with known atomic bomb radiation doses, excluding those who were not in the city at the time of bombing (ATB) and those exposed in utero. We also excluded from the analysis measurements made after the occurrence of vertebral fracture. The total number of subjects was 11,862, and the total number of measurements was 109,770; the mean number of measurements per subject was 9.25. Assuming that stature after age 20 is approximately constant, a simple mixed-effects model was fitted to stature after age 20, and linear dose effects for young ATB subjects were modeled for both sexes. The estimated mean heights for subjects born in 1945 in Hiroshima were 166.0 cm for men and 155.4 cm for women. The sex difference in height was 10.6 cm, with men significantly taller than women (P < 0.001). The difference between the cities was not significant (P = 0.162). The birth cohort effects per decade were -1.7 cm for men (P < 0.001) and -2.1 cm for women (P < 0.001). A reduction of stature due to radiation exposure was observed for individuals of both sexes who were below 19 years of age ATB (95% confidence interval, 17-21 years), and the dose effect was larger for women than for men (P = 0.028). The estimated effects per gray for those who were age 0 ATB were -1.2 cm for men and -2.0 cm for women and for those who were age 10 ATB were-0.57 cm for men and -0.96 cm for women. © 2002 by Radiation Research Society. KW - adult KW - article KW - atomic bomb survivor KW - calculation KW - female KW - human KW - Japan KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - model KW - priority journal KW - radiation dose KW - radiation exposure KW - radiation response KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Fetus KW - Growth Disorders KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Japan KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Radiation Injuries KW - Radiometry KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Survivors N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: RAREA C2 - 12175312 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Nakashima, E.; Department of Statistics, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hijiyama Park 5-2, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan; email: nakasima@rerf.or.jp N1 - References: Otake, M., Fujikoshi, Y., Funamoto, S., Schull, W.J., Evidence of radiation-induced reduction of height and body weight from repeated measurements of adults exposed in childhood to the atomic bombs (1994) Radiat. Res., 140, pp. 112-122; Otake, M., Fujikoshi, Y., Schull, W., Izumi, S., A longitudinal study of growth and development among prenatally exposed atomic bomb survivors (1993) Radiat. Res., 134, pp. 94-101; Nakashima, E., Relationship of five anthropometric measurements at age 18 to radiation dose among atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero (1994) Radiat. Res., 138, pp. 121-126; Nakashima, E., Carter, R.L., Neriishi, K., Tanaka, S., Funomoto, S., Height reduction among prenatally exposed atomic-bomb survivors: A longitudinal study of growth (1995) Health Phys., 68, pp. 766-772; Fujiwara, S., Mizuno, S., Ochi, Y., Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Russell, W., Hosoda, Y., The incidence of thoracic vertebral fracture in a Japanese population, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1958- 1986 (1991) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 44, pp. 1007-1014; Yokoro, K., A review of forty-five years study of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors (1991) J. Radiat. Res., 32 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-412; Cleveland, W.S., Robust locally-weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots (1979) J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 74, pp. 829-836; Rasbash, J., Healy, H., Browne, W., Cameron, B., (1998) MlwiN, Version 1.02.0002, , Multilevel Models Project, Institute Education; Goldstein, H., Multilevel mixed linear model analysis using iterative generalized least square (1986) Biometrika, 73, pp. 43-56; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multi-Level Statistical Models, 2nd ed., , Oxford University Press, New York; Vonesh, E.F., Chinchilli, V.M., (1997) Linear and Nonlinear Models for the Analysis of Repeated Measurements, , Marcel Dekker, New York; De Benedetti, F., Alonzi, T., Moretta, A., Lazzaro, D., Costa, P., Poli, V., Martini, A., Fattori, E., Interleukin 6 causes growth impairment in transgenic mice through a decrease in insulin-like factor-I. A model for stunned growth in children with chronic inflammation (1997) J. Clin. Invest., 99, pp. 643-650; Heemskerk, V.H., Daemen, M.A., Buurman, W.A., Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone (GH) in immunity and inflammation (1999) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 10, pp. 5-14; Neriishi, K., Nakashima, E., Delongchamp, R.R., Persistent subclinical inflammation among A-bomb survivors (2001) Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 77, pp. 475-482; Kato, H., Johnson, K.G., Yano, K., (1966) Mail Survey on Cardiovascular Disease Study, , TR 19-66, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima; Pierce, D.A., Stram, D.O., Vaeth, M., Allowing for random errors in radiation dose estimates for the atomic bomb survivor data (1990) Radiat. Res., 123, pp. 275-284 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036720531&partnerID=40&md5=b0ca952f754b5875419b9666259595bd ER - TY - JOUR TI - The treatment of parental height as a biological factor in studies of birth weight and childhood growth T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 87 IS - 3 SP - 184 EP - 187 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1136/adc.87.3.184 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Spencer, N.J. AU - Logan, S. AD - School of Postgraduate Medical Education, School of Health and Social Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Parental height is frequently treated as a biological variable in studies of birth weight and childhood growth. Elimination of social variables from multivariate models including parental height as a biological variable leads researchers to conclude that social factors have no independent effect on the outcome. This paper challenges the treatment of parental height as a biological variable, drawing on extensive evidence for the determination of adult height through a complex interaction of genetic and social factors. The paper firstly seeks to establish the importance of social factors in the determination of height. The methodological problems associated with treatment of parental height as a purely biological variable are then discussed, illustrated by data from published studies and by analysis of data from the 1958 National Childhood Development Study (NCDS). The paper concludes that a framework for studying pathways to pregnancy and childhood outcomes needs to take account of the complexity of the relation between genetic and social factors and be able to account for the effects of multiple risk factors acting cumulatively across time and across generations. Illustrations of these approaches are given using NCDS data. KW - biological factor KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - child KW - child growth KW - clinical research KW - data analysis KW - female KW - gene interaction KW - heredity KW - human KW - methodology KW - parent KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - social interaction KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 12193422 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Spencer, N.J.; Sch. of Postgraduate Med. Education, School of Health and Social Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; email: n.j.spencer@warwick@ac.uk N1 - References: Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull WHO, 65, pp. 666-737; Brooke, O.G., Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., The effects on birthweight of smoking, alcohol, caffiene, socio-economic factors and psychosocial stress (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 795-801; Gulliford, M., Chinn, S., Rona, R., Social environment and height: England and Scotland, 1987 and 1988 (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 235-240; Nordstrom, M.-L., Cnattingius, S., Effects on birthweights of maternal education, socio-economic status and work-related characteristics (1996) Scand J Soc Med, 24, pp. 55-61; Meis, P.J., Michielutte, R., Peters, T.J., Factors associated with term low birthweight in Cardiff, Wales (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11, pp. 287-297; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British Birth Cohort (1998) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 12 (SUPPL.), pp. 45-60; Tuntiseranee, P., Olsen, J., Chongsuvivatwong, V., Socioeconomic and work related determinants of pregnancy outcome in southern Thailand (1999) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 53, pp. 624-629; Arbuckle, T.E., Sherman, G.J., Comparison of the risk factors for pre-term delivery and intrauterine growth retardation (1989) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 3, pp. 115-129; Harris, B., Health, height and history: An overview of recent developments in anthropometric history (1994) Social History of Medicine, 7, pp. 297-320; Victora, C.G., Huttly, S.R.A., Barros, F.C., Maternal education in relation to early and late child health outcomes: Findings from a Brazilian cohort study (1992) Soc Sci Med, 34, pp. 899-905; Carr-Hill, R., Time trends in inequalities in health (1988) J Biosoc Sci, 20, pp. 253-263; Reading, R., Raybould, S., Jarvis, S., Deprivation, low birth weight and children's height: Comparison between rural and urban areas (1994) BMJ, 307, pp. 1458-1462; Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.H., Shaper, A.G., Social class and height (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 980-981; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and class: the early years, , London: Chapman & Hall; Golding, J., Thomas, P., Peters, T., Does father's unemployment put the fetus at risk? (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 704-710; Berney, L., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Lifecourse influences on health in early old age (2000) Understanding health inequalities, , Graham H, ed. Buckingham and Philadelphia: Open University Press; Alberman, E., Filakti, H., Williams, S., Early influences on the secular change in adult height between the parents and children of the 1958 birth cohort (1991) Ann Hum Biol, 18, pp. 127-136; Komlos, J., Patterns of children's growth in east-central Europe in the eighteenth century (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 33-48; Roede, M.J., Van Wieringen, J.C., Growth diagrams, 1980. Netherlands third nation-wide survey (1985) Tijdschrift voor Sociale Gezondheitszorg, 63 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-34; Greulich, W.W., Some secular changes in the growth of American-born and native Japanese children (1976) Am J Phys Anthropol, 45, pp. 553-568; Tanner, J.M., (1989) Fetus into man, 2nd edn., , Ware: Castlemead Publications; (1999) SPSS for Windows, version 10, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Logan, S., Spencer, N.J., Smoking and other health-related behaviour, social and environmental context and the young (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 176-179; (2000) A league table of child poverty in rich nations, , Innocenti Report Card No. 1. Florence, Italy: UNICEF, Innocenti Research Centre; (1995) Towards a children's agenda: new challenges for social development, , London: Save the Children; Kramer, M.S., Séguin, L., Lydon, J., Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: Why do the poor fare so poorly? (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, pp. 194-210; Kramer, M.S., Goulet, L., Lydon, J., Socio-economic disparities in preterm birth: Causal pathways and analysis (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 104-123; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. 1. Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 99, pp. 67-74; Morton, S.M.B., Leon, D.A., De Stavola, B.L., Transgenerational influences on inequalities in size at birth (2000) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 54 (SUPPL. 1), pp. A14; Baird, D., The epidemiology of low birth weight; changes in incidence in Aberdeen, 1948-72 (1974) J Biosoc Sci, 6, pp. 623-641; Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D., Social pathways between childhood and adult health (1997) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology, , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, eds. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publcations; Susser, M., Levin, B., Ordeals for the fetal programming hypothesis (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 885-886; Diamantopoulos, A., Siguaw, J.A., (2000) Introducing Lisrel, , London: Sage Publications; Sheehan, T.J., Stress and low birth weight: A structural modeling approach using real life stressors (1998) Soc Sci Med, 47, pp. 1503-1512 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036724326&doi=10.1136%2fadc.87.3.184&partnerID=40&md5=44a3030305fd2061c325ff563ee205fe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Production, reproduction, and education: Women, children, and work in a British perspective T2 - Population and Development Review J2 - Popul. Dev. Rev. VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 445 EP - 474 PY - 2002 SN - 00987921 (ISSN) AU - Joshi, H. AD - Bedford Group Lifecourse Statistical, Institute of Education, London University, United Kingdom AB - This article reviews findings of studies by the author and colleagues on relationships between women's work and the reproduction of the British population based on data for female birth cohorts 1922-70. The studies address three questions: (1) How do children affect women's paid work and lifetime earnings? (2) How does women's employment affect the quantity of children born? (3) How does women's employment affect the "quality" of children? The answers are affected by the woman's educational attainment. On question 1, childrearing may often halve lifetime earnings, but seldom for the well educated. By contrast, any effects from employment to childbearing are most apparent in the late motherhood of the well educated. Child quality, as assessed by indicators of child development, benefits from maternal education and suffers little from maternal employment. The economic advantages for children in dual-career families are thus unabated. A widening gulf between mothers will tend to polarize the life chances of their children, unless there are more options to combine employment and childrearing, especially including good-quality child care for those who cannot afford the market price. Education is a powerful influence, but does not alone solve all issues of equity, whether between families or between sexes. KW - birth rate KW - educational attainment KW - female education KW - wage determination KW - womens employment KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :66 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joshi, H.; Bedford Group Lifecourse Statistical, Institute of Education, London UniversityUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Arber, S., Ginn, J., (1991) Gender and Later Life, , London: Sage; Becker, G.S., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , revised and enlarged 1993. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Becker, G.S., Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labor (1985) Journal of Labor Economics, 3 (1 PART 2), pp. S33-S58. , reprinted in 1993 edition of Treatise on the Family, pp. 54-79; Bernhardt, E., Changing family ties, women's position and low fertility (1993) Women's Position and Demographic Change, pp. 80-103. , Nora Federici, Karen Oppenheim Mason, and Sølvi Sogner (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press; Bianchi, S., Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity? (2000) Demography, 37 (4), pp. 401-414; Butz, W., Ward, M., The emergence of countercyclical U.S. fertility (1979) American Economic Review, 69, pp. 318-328; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990s: Getting On, Getting Nowhere, , (eds.). Aldershot: Dartmouth Press; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Changing Britain: Changing Lives, , Forthcoming. (eds.). London: Institute of Education; Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Tsatsas, M., (2000) Obstacles and Opportunities: Evidence from Two British Birth Cohort Studies, , Occasional Paper. London: The Smith Institute; Calhoun, C.A., Espenshade, T.J., Childbearing and wives' foregone earnings (1988) Population Studies, 42 (1), pp. 5-37; Callender, C., Millward, N., Lissenburgh, S., Forth, J., Maternity rights and benefits in Britain (1997) Social Security Research Report No. 67, , London: The Stationery Office; Chesnais, J.-C., Fertility, family, and social policy in contemporary Western Europe (1996) Population and Development Review, 22 (4), pp. 729-739; (1998) The NCDS Child and Parent Data Users Guide, , CHRR. Rounds 1-5, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University; Cigno, A., (1999) Economics of te Family, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Coleman, D.A., Chandola, T., Britain's place in Europe's population (1999) Changing Britain: Families and Household in the 1990s, pp. 37-67. , Susan McRae (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Dale, A., Egerton, M., (1997) Highly Educated Women: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , Department for Education and Employment, research studies series RS25. London: The Stationery Office; Dankmeyer, B., Long run opportunity-costs of children according to education of the mother in the Netherlands (1996) Journal of Population Economics, 9 (3), pp. 349-361; Davies, H.B., Joshi, H.E., The foregone earnings of Europe's mothers (1994) Levels of Life and Families, pp. 102-134. , Olivia Ekert-Jaffé (ed.), Paris: Editions INED; Davies, H.B., Social and family security in the redress of unequal opportunities (1995) The Economics of Equal Opportunities, pp. 313-344. , Jane Humphries and Jill Rubery (eds.), Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission; Davies, H.B., Gender and income inequality in the UK, 1968-1990: Feminization of earning or of poverty? (1998) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, pp. 33-61. , Series A; Davies, H.B., Joshi, H.E., Peronaci, R., Forgone income and motherhood: What do recent British data tell us? (2000) Population Studies, 54 (3), pp. 293-305; Davies, H.B., Peronaci, R., Joshi, H.E., The gender wage gap and partnership (1998) Discussion Paper in Economics 6/98, , London: Birkbeck College; Davis, K., Wives and work: The sex role revolution and its consequences (1984) Population and Development Review, 10 (3), pp. 397-417; De Cooman, E., Ermisch, J., Joshi, H., The next birth and the labour market: A dynamic model of births in England and Wales (1987) Population Studies, 41 (2), pp. 237-268; Dex, S., (1987) Women's Occupational Mobility: A Lifetime Perspective, , London: Macmillan; Dex, S., Joshi, H.E., Careers and motherhood: Policy for compatibility (1999) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23 (5), pp. 641-659; Dex, S., Joshi, H.E., Macran, S., A widening gulf among Britain's mothers (1996) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12 (1), pp. 65-75; Drew, E., Emerek, R., Mahon, E., (1998) Women, Work, and Family in Europe, , (eds.). London: Routledge; Ekert-Jaffé, O., Joshi, H., Lynch, K., Mougin, R., Rendall, M., Fécondité, calendrier des naissances et milieu social en France et en Grande Bretagne: Politiques sociales et polarisation socio-professionelle (2002) Population, , in press; Ermisch, J.F., Purchased child care, optimal family size and mother's employment: Theory and econometric analysis (1989) Journal of Population Economics, 2 (2), pp. 79-102; Ermisch, J.F., The economic environment for family formation David Coleman (1996) Europe's Population in the 1990s, pp. 147-162. , (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ermisch, J.F., Economic influences on birth rates National Institute Economic Review, pp. 71-81. , Nov; Ermisch, J.F., Francesconi, M., (2001) The Effect of Parents' Working on Children's Lives, , London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Folbre, N., (1994) Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint, , London: Routledge; Gornick, J.C., Meyers, M.K., Ross, K.E., Supporting the employment of mothers: Policy variation across fourteen welfare states (1997) Journal of European Social Policy, 7 (1), pp. 45-70; (2000) National Population Projections 1998-Based, , Government Actuary. Series PP2, No. 22. London: The Stationery Office; Gustafsson, S., Optimal age at motherhood: Theoretical and empirical considerations on postponement of maternity in Europe (2001) Journal of Population Economics, 14, pp. 225-247; Harkness, S., Waldfogel, J., The family gap in pay: Evidence from seven industrialized countries (2001) Research in Labor Economics, , Forthcoming. Also, CASE paper 30, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Hattersley, L., Creeser, R., (1995) The Longitudinal Study, 1971-1991: History, Organisation and Quality of Data, , LS Series no. 7. London: The Stationery Office; Heitlinger, A., (1993) Women's Equality, Demography, and Public Policies, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Hobcraft, J., Fertility in England and Wales: A fifty-year perspective (1996) Population Studies, 50 (3), pp. 485-524; Hoem, B., The compatibility of employment and childbearing in contemporary Sweden (1993) Acta Sociologica, 3, pp. 101-120; Jenkins, S.P., O'Leary, N.C., Modelling domestic work time (1995) Journal of Population Economics, 8 (3), pp. 265-279; Joshi, H.E., Motherhood and employment: Change and continuity in post war Britain (1985) Measuring Socio-Demographic Change, pp. 70-87. , Occasional Paper No. 34, London: OPCS; Joshi, H.E., The cash opportunity cost of childbearing: An approach to estimation using British evidence (1990) Population Studies, 44 (1), pp. 41-60; Joshi, H.E., Obstacles and opportunities for lone parents as breadwinners in Great Britain (1990) Lone Parent Families: The Economic Challenge, pp. 127-150. , Elizabeth Duskin (ed.), Paris: OECD; Joshi, H.E., The opportunity costs of childbearing: More than mothers' business (1998) Journal of Population Economics, 11, pp. 161-183; Joshi, H.E., Gender and pay: Some more equal than others Social Challenges and Sociological Puzzles, , Forthcoming. A. Heath, J. Ermisch, and D. Gallie (eds.), British Academy Centenary Volume. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Joshi, H.E., Cooksey, E., Wiggins, R.D., McCulloch, A.A., Verropoulou, G., Clarke, L., Diverse family living situations and child development: A multi-level analysis comparing longitudinal evidence from Britain and the United States (1999) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 13, pp. 292-314; Joshi, H.E., Davies, H.B., Daycare in Europe and mothers' foregone earnings (1992) International Labour Review, 131 (6), pp. 561-579; Joshi, H.E., The paid and unpaid roles of women: How should social security adapt? (1994) Social Security: New Challenges to the Beveridge Model, pp. 234-254. , Sally Baldwin and Jane Falkingham (eds.), Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf; Joshi, H.E., The price of parenthood and the value of children (2000) Essays in Memory of Henry Neuburger, pp. 63-76. , Neil Fraser and John Hills (eds.), Bristol: Policy Press; Joshi, H.E., Women's incomes over a synthetic lifetime (2002) The Gender Dimension of Social Change: The Contribution of Dynamic Research to the Study of Women's Life Courses, pp. 115-136. , Angela Dale and Elisabetta Ruspini (eds.). Bristol: Policy Press; Joshi, H.E., Hugh, B.D., Land, H., (1996) The Tale of Mrs Typical, , Occasional Paper 21. London: Family Policy Studies Centre; Joshi, H.E., Hinde, A.P.R., Employment after childbearing: Cohort study evidence (1993) European Sociological Review, 9, pp. 203-227; Joshi, H.E., Newell, M.-L., Job downgrading after childbearing (1987) London Papers in Regional Science 18. Longitudinal Data Analysis: Methods and Applications, pp. 89-102. , M. Uncles (ed.), London: Pion; Joshi, H.E., Overton, E., Forecasting the female labour force in Britain (1988) International Journal of Forecasting, 4, pp. 269-285; Joshi, H.E., Pierella, P., Life in the labour market (1997) Twenty-Something in the Nineteen Nineties: Getting On, Getting By, Getting Nowhere, pp. 31-52. , John Bynner, Elsa Ferri, and Peter Shepherd (eds.), Aldershot: Dartmouth Press; Joshi, H.E., (1998) Unequal Pay for Women and Men: Evidence from the British Birth Cohort Studies, , (with Gerald Makepeace and Jane Waldfogel). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Joshi, H.E., Pierella, P., Waldfogel, J., The wages of motherhood: Better or worse? (1999) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23, pp. 543-564; Joshi, H.E., Verropoulou, G., (2000) Maternal Employment and Child Outcomes, , in association with Harriet Harman MP. Occasional Paper. London: The Smith Institute; Kempeneers, M., Lelievre, E., (1991) Employment and Family Within the Twelve, , (Eurobarometer 34), Brussels: Commission of the European Communities; Lesthaeghe, R., Surkyn, J., Cultural dynamics and economic theories of fertility change (1988) Population and Development Review, 14 (1), pp. 1-45; Macran, S., Joshi, H.E., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing: A survival analysis (1996) Work, Employment and Society, 10 (2), pp. 273-296; Makepeace, G.H., Pierella, P., Joshi, H.E., Dolton, P.J., How unequally has equal pay progressed since the 1970s? A study of two British birth cohorts (1999) Journal of Human Resources, 34 (3), pp. 534-556; Martin, J., Ceridwen, R., (1984) Women and Employment: A Lifetime Perspective, , London: HMSO; McCulloch, A.A., Joshi, H.E., Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British national child development study (2001) Social Science and Medicine, 53 (5), pp. 579-591; McCulloch, A.A., Child development and family resources: An exploration of evidence from the second generation of the 1958 birth cohort (2002) Journal of Population Economics, 15 (2), pp. 283-304; McCulloch, A.A., Wiggins, R.D., Sachdev, D., Joshi, H., Internalizing and externalizing children's behaviour problems in Britain and the USA: Relationships to family resources (2000) Children and Society, 14 (5), pp. 368-383; McDonald, P., Gender equity in theories of fertility transition (2000) Population and Development Review, 26 (3), pp. 427-439; Meyers, M., Gornick, J., Ross, K., Public childcare, parental leave and employment (1999) Gender and Welfare State Regimes, pp. 117-146. , Diane Sainsbury (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Mincer, J., Labour force participation of married women (1962) Aspects of Labor Economics, pp. 63-97. , H. G. Lewis (ed.), Princeton: Princeton University Press; Murphy, M., The contraceptive pill and women's employment as factors in fertility change in Britain 1963-1980: A challenge to the conventional view (1993) Population Studies, 47 (2), pp. 221-243; Ní Bhrolcháin, M., The interpretation and role of work-associated accelerated childbearing in post war Britain (1986) European Journal of Population, 2, pp. 134-154; Ní Bhrolcháin, M., Divorce effects' and causality in the social sciences (2001) European Sociological Review, 17 (1), pp. 33-57. , Special Issue on Causality; (2001) Tracking People: A Guide to Longitudinal Social Sources, , http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/Tracking_v8.pdf, ONS (Office for National Statistics). London: The Stationery Office; Keeping Track: A Guide to Longitudinal Resources, , http://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/ulsc/projects/ldr4ss/index.php, ONS/ISER (Office for National Statistics/Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Essex); Pfau-Effinger, B., Gender cultures and the gender arrangement- A theoretical framework for cross-national gender research (1998) Innovation, 11, pp. 147-166; Rake, K., (2000) Women's Incomes Over the Lifetime, , (ed.). Report to Women's Unit, Cabinet Office. London: The Stationery Office; Ruhm, C., Parental employment and child development Journal of Human Resources, , In press; Schoon, I., Parsons, S., Competence in the face of adversity: The impact of early family environment and long-term consequences (2002) Children and Society, 16 (4), pp. 260-272; (1999) Teenage Pregnancy, , The Social Exclusion Unit. Cm 4342. London: The Stationery Office; Taylor, M., (1996) British Household Panel Survey User Manual, , (ed.). Colchester: University of Essex; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Ward, C., Dale, A., Joshi, H.E., Combining employment with childcare: An escape from dependence? (1996) Journal of Social Policy, 25 (2), pp. 223-247; Weatherall, R., Joshi, H.E., Macran, S., Double burden or double blessing? Employment, motherhood and mortality in the longitudinal study of England and Wales (1994) Social Science and Medicine, 38 (2), pp. 285-297 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036761064&partnerID=40&md5=5bdff52a0f1aeda993814e52731f2d28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal determinants of germ-cell testicular cancer in relation to histological subtypes T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 87 IS - 5 SP - 545 EP - 550 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600470 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Richiardi, L. AU - Akre, O. AU - Bellocco, R. AU - Ekbom, A. AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 15C, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden AD - Unit of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Oncologic Prevention, University of Turin, V. Santena 7, 10126 Torino, Italy AD - Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, L1:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States AB - We aimed to investigate the role of perinatal determinants on the risk for germ-cell testicular cancer, with respect to the aetiological heterogeneity between seminomas and non-seminomas. A case-control study of 628 case patients with testicular cancer (308 seminomas and 320 non-seminomas) and 2309 individually matched controls was nested within a cohort of boys born from 1920 to 1980 in two Swedish regions (Uppsala-Örebro Health Care Region and Stockholm). Cases were diagnosed from 1958 to 1998 and were identified through the Swedish National Cancer Registry. Perinatal information on cases and controls was collected through charts available at maternity wards. Gestational duration, categorised in three categories (< 37, 37-41, > 41 weeks), was negatively associated with the risk for testicular cancer (P value for linear trend = 0.008). A protective effect of long gestational duration and an increased risk for high birth weight were found for seminomas. Non-seminomas were associated with short gestational duration, particularly among those with low birth order (odds ratio: 3.02, 95% confidence intervals: 1.53-5.97) and high maternal age (odds ratio: 2.33, 95% confidence intervals: 1.19-4.55). No significant differences were found in tests for heterogeneity between the two histological groups. Our data support the hypothesis that intrauterine environment affects the risk for germ-cell testicular cancer. Seminomas and non-seminomas seemed to have similar risk patterns, although they are not entirely congruent. © 2002 Cancer Research UK. KW - Aetiological heterogeneity KW - Maternal hormones KW - Non-seminoma KW - Perinatal exposures KW - Seminoma KW - Testicular cancer KW - adult KW - article KW - cancer risk KW - cell heterogeneity KW - controlled study KW - germ cell tumor KW - high birth weight KW - histology KW - human KW - human cell KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal age KW - non seminomatous germinoma KW - priority journal KW - seminoma KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Birth Order KW - Birth Weight KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Germinoma KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Newborn, Diseases KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Jaundice, Neonatal KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Middle Aged KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Seminoma KW - Sweden KW - Testicular Neoplasms N1 - Cited By :55 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12189554 LA - English N1 - References: Adami, H.O., Bergstrom, R., Mohner, M., Zatonski, W., Storm, H., Ekbom, A., Tretli, S., Strengrevics, A., Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries (1994) Int J Cancer, 59, pp. 33-38; Akre, O., Ekbom, A., Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.O., Testicular nonseminoma and seminoma in relation to perinatal characteristics (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, pp. 883-889; Bergstrom, R., Adami, H.O., Mohner, M., Zatonski, W., Storm, H., Ekbom, A., Tretli, S., Hakulinen, T., Increase in testicular cancer incidence in six European countries: A birth cohort phenomenon (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, pp. 727-733; Bernstein, L., Depue, R.H., Ross, R.K., Judd, H.L., Pike, M.C., Henderson, B.E., Higher maternal levels of free estradiol in first compared to second pregnancy: Early gestational differences (1986) J Natl Cancer Inst, 76, pp. 1035-1039; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., Statistical Methods in Cancer Research (1980) The analysis of case-control studies, 1. , Lyon: IARC Sci Publ No. 32. IARC; Brown, L.M., Pottern, L.M., Hoover, R.N., Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for testicular cancer (1986) Cancer Res, 46, pp. 4812-4816; Coupland, C.A., Chilvers, C.E., Davey, G., Pike, M.C., Oliver, R.T., Forman, D., Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type (1999) Br J Cancer, 80, pp. 1859-1863. , United Kingdom Testicular Cancer Study Group; Davies, J.M., Testicular cancer in England and Wales: Some epidemiological aspects (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 928-932; Depue, R.H., Pike, M.C., Henderson, B.E., Estrogen exposure during gestation and risk of testicular cancer (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 71, pp. 1151-1155; Dieckmann, K.P., Endsin, G., Pichlmeier, U., How valid is the prenatal estrogen excess hypothesis of testicular germ cell cancer? A case control study on hormone-related factors (2001) Eur Urol, 40, pp. 677-683; Dieckmann, K.P., Skakkebaek, N.E., Carcinoma in situ of the testis: Review of biological and clinical features (1999) Int J Cancer, 83, pp. 815-822; Ekbom, A., Growing evidence that several human cancers may originate in utero (1998) Semin Cancer Biol, 8, pp. 237-244; Greenland, S., Rothman, K.J., Concepts of interaction (1998) Modern epidemiology, 2nd edn, pp. 329-342. , Rothman KJ, Greenland S (eds) Philadelphia, PA: Lippincot-Raven Publishers; Henderson, B.E., Benton, B., Jing, J., Yu, M.C., Pike, M.C., Risk factors for cancer of the testis in young men (1979) Int J Cancer, 23, pp. 598-602; Huberman, M., Langholz, B., Application of the missing-indicator method in matched case-control studies with incomplete data (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 1340-1345; Kaijser, M., Granath, F., Jacobsen, G., Cnattingius, S., Ekbom, A., Maternal pregnancy estriol levels in relation to anamnestic and fetal anthropometric data (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 315-319; Liu, S., Semenciw, R., Waters, C., Wen, S.W., Mery, L.S., Mao, Y., Clues to the aetiological heterogeneity of testicular seminomas and non- seminomas: Time trends and age-period-cohort effects (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 826-831; Lunde, A.S., Lundeberg, S., Lettenstrom, G.S., Thygesen, L., Huebner, J., (1980) The person number systems of Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Israel, 84, pp. 5-11. , DHHS Publ NO. (PHS)80-1358. Vital and health statistics, series 2, National Center for Health Statistics: Hyattsville, MD; Marsál, K., Persson, P.H., Larsen, T., Lilja, H., Selbing, A., Sultan, B., Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated foetal weights (1996) Acta Paediatr, 85, pp. 843-848; Moller, H., Clues to the aetiology of testicular germ cell tumours from descriptive epidemiology (1993) Eur Urol, 23, pp. 8-13; Moller, H., Trends in incidence of testicular cancer and prostate cancer in Denmark (2001) Hum Reprod, 16, pp. 1007-1011; Moller, H., Prener, A., Skakkebaek, N.E., Testicular cancer, cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia, testicular atrophy, and genital malformations: Case-control studies in Denmark (1996) Cancer Causes Control, 7, pp. 264-274; Moller, H., Skakkebaek, N.E., Risks of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in relation to socio- economic status and related factors: Case-control studies in Denmark (1996) Int J Cancer, 66, pp. 287-293; Moller, H., Skakkebaek, N.E., Testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in relation to prenatal factors: Case-control studies in Denmark (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp. 904-912; Moss, A.R., Osmond, D., Bacchetti, P., Torti, F.M., Gurgin, V., Hormonal risk factors in testicular cancer. A case-control study (1986) Am J Epidemiol, 124, pp. 39-52; Panagiotopoulou, K., Katsouyanni, K., Petridou, E., Garas, Y., Tzonou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Maternal age, parity, and pregnancy estrogens (1990) Cancer Causes Control, 1, pp. 119-124; Petridou, E., Roukas, K.I., Dessypris, N., Aravantinos, G., Bafaloukos, D., Efraimidis, A., Papacharalambous, A., Trichopoulos, D., Baldness and other correlates of sex hormones in relation to testicular cancer (1997) Int J Cancer, 71, pp. 982-985; Power, D.A., Brown, R.S., Brock, C.S., Payne, H.A., Majeed, A., Babb, P., Trends in testicular carcinoma in England and Wales, 1971-99 (2001) BJU Int, 87, pp. 361-365; Prener, A., Hsieh, C.C., Engholm, G., Trichopoulos, D., Jensen, O.M., Birth order and risk of testicular cancer (1992) Cancer Causes Control, 3, pp. 265-272; Pugh, R.C.B., (1976) Pathology of the testis, , Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Perinatal correlates of specific histological types of testicular cancer in patients below 35 years of age: A case-cohort study based on midwives' records in Denmark (1998) Int J Cancer, 78, pp. 140-143; (1997) SAS/STAT software: changes and enhancements through release 6.12, , SAS Institute, Inc: Cary, NC; Schottenfeld, D., Testicular cancer (1996) Cancer epidemiology and prevention, pp. 1207-1219. , Shottenfeld D FJ (ed) New York: Oxford University Press; Schottenfeld, D., Warshauer, M.E., Sherlock, S., Zauber, A.G., Leder, M., Payne, R., The epidemiology of testicular cancer in young adults (1980) Am J Epidemiol, 112, pp. 232-246; Sharpe, R.M., Skakkebaek, N.E., Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1392-1395; Strohsnitter, W.C., Noller, K.L., Hoover, R.N., Robboy, S.J., Palmer, J.R., Titus-Ernstoff, L., Kaufman, R.H., Hatch, E.E., Cancer risk in men exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst, 93, pp. 545-551; Swerdlow, A.J., Huttly, S.R., Smith, P.G., Prenatal and familial associations of testicular cancer (1987) Br J Cancer, 55, pp. 571-577; Swerdlow, A.J., Huttly, S.R., Smith, P.G., Testicular cancer and antecedent diseases (1987) Br J Cancer, 55, pp. 97-103; Walker, A.H., Bernstein, L., Warren, D.W., Warner, N.E., Zheng, X., Henderson, B.E., The effect of in utero ethinyl oestradiol exposure on the risk of cryptorchid testis and testicular teratoma in mice (1990) Br J Cancer, 62, pp. 599-602; Wanderas, E.H., Grotmol, T., Fossa, S.D., Tretli, S., Maternal health and pre- and perinatal characteristics in the etiology of testicular cancer: A prospective population- and register-based study on Norwegian males born between 1967 and 1995 (1998) Cancer Causes Control, 9, pp. 475-486; Weir, H.K., Marrett, L.D., Kreiger, N., Darlington, G.A., Sugar, L., Pre-natal and peri-natal exposures and risk of testicular germ-cell cancer (2000) Int J Cancer, 87, pp. 438-443 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037183690&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6600470&partnerID=40&md5=4307ba56cc521ad9efc5ed781af1694a ER - TY - JOUR TI - A prospective study of weight and height going from infancy to adolescence T2 - Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 47 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1046/j.1440-6047.2002.00281.x SN - 09647058 (ISSN) AU - Tienboon, P. AU - Wahlqvist, M.L. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand AD - International Health and Development Unit, Asia Pacific Health and Nutrition Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia AD - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand AB - Weight and height from infancy to age 15 years was studied in the Geelong population (n = 1200 in infancy; n = 213 at adolescence), Victoria, Australia. Body mass index (BMI) increased from 3 months to 12 months and then decreased again until 80 months after which it increased to 20.5 kg/m2 at the age of 15 years. The extent of tracking of BMI in infants classified as overweight or underweight was similar and differed from that of subjects of normal weight. Only one in four of the infants classified as overweight or underweight in infancy were still in the same category in adolescence, compared with three in four of those classified as of normal weight. Socioeconomic status has an effect on weight and height status in adolescence but not on the tracking of BMI. The age at 6-7 years is a critical age for weight and height status in adolescence. It appears that weight and height in infancy have a significant relationship with body size in adolescence but only in boys. KW - Australia KW - Body mass index (BMI) KW - Children KW - Geelong KW - Socioeconomic status KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - article KW - Australia KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body size KW - body weight KW - child KW - controlled study KW - employment KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - physiology KW - preschool child KW - prospective study KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - educational status KW - Victoria KW - Adolescent KW - Australia KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Prospective Studies KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 11890638 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Tienboon, P.; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; email: ptienboo@mail.med.cmu.ac.th N1 - References: Leitch, I., Boyne, A.W., Recent changes in the height and weight of adolescents (1960) Nutr Abstract Rev, 30, pp. 1173-1186; Jones, D.L., Hemphill, W., Meyers, E.S.A., (1973) Height, weight and others physical characteristics of New South Wales children. Part 1. Children aged five years and over, , Special Report. Sydney: New South Wales Department of Health; Charney, E., Goodman, H.C., McBridge, M., Lyon, B., Pratt, R., Childhood antecedents of adult obesity. Do chubby infants become obese adults? (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 6-9; Rutishauser, I.H.E., Hunter, S., The Geelong study (1980) Proc Nutr Soc Aust, 5, pp. 79-87; Rutishauser, I.H.E., Weight, height and weight for height in 6-7-year-old children. 1. Relationship with demographic variables (1984) Aust Paediatr J, 20, pp. 35-38; Daniel, A., (1983) Australian studies. Power, privilege and prestige. Occupations in Australia, , Melbourne: Longman Cheshire; Congalton, A.A., (1969) Status and prestige in Australia, , Melbourne: Cheshire; Graham, S., Reeder, L.G., Social epidemiology of chronic disease (1979) Handbook of Medical Sociology, , Freeman H, Levine S, Reeder LG, eds. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; Susser, M., Watson, W., Hopper, K., (1985) Sociology in Medicine, , New York: Oxford University Press; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - Results from the national child development study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Goldstein, H., Peckham, C., Birthweight, gestation, neonatal mortality and child development (1976) The Biology of Human Growth, , Roberts DF, Thomson, AM, eds. London: Taylor and Francis; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 564-567; Thomson, J., Observations on weight gain in infants (1955) Arch Dis Child, 30, pp. 322-327; Drillien, C.M., A longitudinal study of the growth and development of prematurely and maturely born children. Part II. Physical development (1958) Arch Dis Child, 33, pp. 423-431; Pomerance, H.H., Krall, J.M., The relationship of birth size to the rate of growth in infancy and childhood (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 39, pp. 95-99; Neumann, C.B., Alpaugh, M., Birthweight doubling time: A fresh look (1976) Pediatrics, 57, pp. 469-473; Heald, F.P., Hollander, R.J., The relationship between obesity in adolescence and early growth (1965) J Pediatr, 67, pp. 35-38; Mellbin, T., Vuille, J.C., Physical development at 7 years of age in relation to velocity of weight gain in infancy with special reference to incidence of overweight (1973) Br J Prev Soc Medical, 27, pp. 225-235; Mullins, A.G., The prognosis in juvenile obesity (1958) Arch Dis Child, 33, pp. 307-314; Asher, P., Fat babies and fat children. The prognosis of obesity in the very young (1966) Arch Dis Child, 41, pp. 672-673; Johnson, M.L., Burke, B.S., Mayer, J., Relative importance of inactivity and overeating in the energy balance of obese high school girls (1956) Am J Clin Nutr, 4, pp. 37-44; Ratten, G.C., Targett, C., Drew, J., Beischer, N., The effect of fetal and placental weight at birth on weight during childhood (1975) Med J Aust, 2, pp. 735-736; Hampton, M.C., Huenemann, R.L., Shapiro, L.R., Mitchell, B.W., Caloric and nutrient intakes of teenagers (1966) J Am Diet Assoc, 50, pp. 385-396; Poskitt, E.M., Cole, J., Nature, nurture, and childhood overweight (1978) BMJ, 1, pp. 603-605; Hitchcock, N.E., Maller, R.A., Gilmour, A.I., Body size of young Australians aged five to 16 years (1986) Med J Aust, 145, pp. 368-372; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Peguignot-Guggenbuhl, F., Fautrad, V., Adiposity indices in children (1982) Am J Clin Nutr, 36, pp. 178-184; Shapiro, L.R., Crawford, P.B., Clarke, M.J., Pearson, D.L., Raz, J., Huenemann, R.L., Obesity prognosis. A longitudinal study of children from the age of 6 months to 9 years (1984) Am J Public Health, 74, pp. 968-972; Cronk, C.E., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Kent, R., Longitudinal trends of weight/status squared in childhood in relationship to adulthood body fat measures (1982) Hum Biol, 54, pp. 751-764; Sorensen, T.I., Sonne-Holm, S., Risk in childhood of development of severe adult obesity: Retrospective, population-based case-cohort study (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 127, pp. 104-113; Johnson, F.E., Mack, R.W., Obesity in urban Black adolescents of high and low relative weight at 1 year of age (1978) Am J Dis Child, 132, pp. 862-864 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036023703&doi=10.1046%2fj.1440-6047.2002.00281.x&partnerID=40&md5=3251f74aa08056978552318e07f55d81 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lifetime earnings, discount rate, ability and the demand for post-compulsory education in men in England and Wales T2 - Bulletin of Economic Research J2 - Bull. Econ. Res. VL - 54 IS - 3 SP - 233 EP - 248 PY - 2002 SN - 03073378 (ISSN) AU - Johnson, D. AD - Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom AB - Human capital theory suggests educational investments are made based on expected returns over the lifetime. Most other work in this field, particularly using British data, is based on demand models estimated in reduced form, with no earnings measures, or crudely constructed earnings measures, based on one or two earnings observations per individual. We present a structural model of demand for educational investment which includes estimates of earnings paths for educational options as determinants of educational choice. This provides us with directly interpretable parameter estimates. The discount rate is also determined within our demand model. Ability controlled earnings profiles are estimated by matching individuals from the General Household Survey to individuals in similar occupations from the National Child Development Survey (NCDS). Our results show that expected earnings profiles vary according to observed ability and educational choice. Results from the demand model show that expected lifetime earnings have a significant impact on educational choice. Other socio-demographic factors, particularly social classs, also exhibit significant influences on the education decision. We estimate the discount rate to be lower than reported on other studies. KW - discount rate KW - educational attainment KW - human capital KW - wage determination KW - United Kingdom N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Johnson, D.; Institute for Transport Studies, University of LeedsUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Altonji, J.G., The demand for and return to education when educational outcomes are uncertain (1991) NBER Working Paper No. W3714, , London: NBER; Becker, G., Investment in human capital: A theoretic analysis (1962) Journal of Political Economy, 70, pp. 9-49; Becker, G., (1964) Human Capital: A Theoritical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education, , Columbia University Press, New York; Ben-Porath, Y., The production of human capital and the life cycle of earnings (1967) Journal of Political Economy, 75, pp. 352-365; Card, D., Earnings, schooling and ability revisited (1995) Research in Labor Economics, 14, pp. 23-48; Card, D., The causal effect of education on earnings (2000) Handbook of Labor Economics, , Ashenfelter, O. and Card, D. (eds), North Holland, Amsterdam and New York; Dearden, L., The effects of families and ability on men's education and earnings in Britain (1999) Journal of Labor Economics, 6, pp. 551-567; Griliches, Z., Mason, M., Education, income and ability (1972) Journal of Political Economy, 80, pp. S74-S103; Johnson, D., Makepeace, G., (1997) Does Vocational Training Pay? Lifetime Earnings, YTS and Vocational Training, , Mimeo, University of Hull; Mickelwright, J., Choice at sixteen (1989) Economica, 56, pp. 25-39; Mincer, J., Investment in human capital and personal income distribution (1958) Journal of Political Economy, 66, pp. 281-302; Murphy, K., Welch, F., Empirical age-earnings profiles (1990) Journal of Labour Economics, 8, pp. 202-229; Pissarides, C.A., Staying-on at school in England and Wales (1981) Economica, 48, pp. 345-363; Pissarides, C.A., From school to university: The demand for post-compulsory education in Britain (1982) The Economic Journal, 92, pp. 654-667; Venti, S.F., Wise, D.A., Individual attributes and self-selection of higher education (1983) Journal of Public Economics, 21, pp. 1-33; Willis, R.J., Rosen, S., Education and self-selection (1979) Journal of Political Economy, 87, pp. 7-36; Zabalza, A., The determinants of teacher supply (1979) Review of Economic Studies, 46, pp. 131-147; Zabalza, A., A note on the estimation of subjective rates of discount from labour supply functions (1979) Econometrica, 46, pp. 197-202 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036320160&partnerID=40&md5=3f3300c14deae61e04280491a921b39c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 325 IS - 7359 SP - 305 EP - 308 PY - 2002 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Jefferis, B.J.M.H. AU - Power, C. AU - Hertzman, C. AD - Institute of Child Health, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada AB - Objectives: To examine the combined effect of social class and weight at birth on cognitive trajectories during school age and the associations between birth weight and educational outcomes through to 33 years. Design: Longitudinal, population based, birth cohort study. Participants: 10 845 males and females born during 3-9 March 1958 with information on birth weight, social class, and cognitive tests. Main outcome measures: Reading, maths, draw a man, copying designs, verbal and non-verbal ability tests at ages 7, 11, and 16, highest qualifications achieved by 33, and trajectories of maths standardised scores at 7-16 years. Results: The outcome of all childhood cognitive tests and educational achievements improved significantly with increasing birth weight. Analysis of maths scores at 7 and of highest qualifications achieved by 33 showed that the relations were robust to adjustment for potential confounding factors. For each kilogram increase in birth weight, maths z score increased by 0.17 (adjusted estimate 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.10 to 0.21) for males and 0.21 (0.20, 0.14 to 0.25) for females. Trajectories of maths z scores between 7 and 16 years diverged for different social class groups: participants from classes I and II increased their relative position on the score with increasing age, whereas classes IV and V showed a relative decline with increasing age. Birth weight explained much less of the variation in cognition than did social class (range 0.5-1.5% v 2.9-12.5%). Conclusions: The postnatal environment has an overwhelming influence on cognitive function through to early adulthood, but these strong effects do not explain the weaker but independent association with birth weight. KW - academic achievement KW - adolescent KW - age KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cognitive development KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - drawing KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - mathematics KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - reading KW - school child KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - verbal behavior KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Child KW - Cognition KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Intelligence KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mathematics KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :191 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 12169505 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Institute of Child Health, Ctr. Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostatist., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: C.Power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-196; Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; Strauss, R.S., Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age: Twenty-six-year follow-up of the 1970 British birth cohort (2000) JAMA, 283, pp. 625-632; Pharoah, P.O., Stevenson, C.J., Cooke, R.W., Stevenson, R.C., Clinical and subclinical deficits at 8 years in a geographically defined cohort of low birthweight infants (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 264-270; The Scottish low birthweight study: I. Survival, growth, neuromotor and sensory impairment (1992) Arch Dis Child, 67, pp. 675-681; Ounsted, M.K., Moar, V.A., Scott, A., Small-for-dates babies at the age of four years: Health, handicap and developmental status (1983) Early Hum Dev, 8, pp. 243-258; Drillien, C.M., School disposal and performance for children of different birthweight born 1953-1960 (1969) Arch Dis Child, 44, pp. 562-570; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Mashiach, S., Danon, Y.L., Birth weight and intellectual performance in late adolescence (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 543-546; Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Sayer, A.A., Fall, C., Growth in utero and cognitive function in adult life: Follow up study of people born between 1920 and 1943 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1393-1396; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., Perinatal problems (1969) The second report of the British perinatal mortality survey, , Edinburgh and London: E and S Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The fifth follow-up of the national child development study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Southgate, V., (1962) Southgate group reading tests: manual of instructions, , London: University of London Press; Goodenough, F.L., (1926) The measurement of intelligence by drawings, , New York: World Book Company; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The home and the school, , London: MacGibbon and Kee; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel statistical models, 2nd ed., , London: Institute of Education; Goldstein, H., A study of the response rates of 16-year-olds in the national child development study (1983) Growing up in Great Britain. Papers from the national child development study, pp. 9-18. , Fogelman KR, ed. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Press; Sommerfelt, K., Andersson, H.W., Sonnander, K., Ahlsten, G., Ellertsen, B., Markestad, T., Cognitive development of term small for gestational age children at five years of age (2000) Arch Dis Child, 83, pp. 25-30; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., A longitudinal study of perinatal risk (1986) Risk in intellectual and psychosocial development, , Farran DC, McCenney JD, eds. New York: Academic Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037055696&partnerID=40&md5=3a39d23f80b5993b85292a8e491ba3e4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age-period-cohort effects on inequalities in psychological distress, 1981-2000 T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 977 EP - 990 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1017/S0033291702006013 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Sacker, A. AU - Wiggins, R.D. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, City University, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Background. In the closing decades of the twentieth century, changes in population sociodemographics took place that might be thought to have an adverse influence on the nation's psychological distress. Here, we examine the stability of social and gender inequalities in psychological distress throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Methods. The study uses data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study collected when the cohort members were aged between 23 and 42. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of social class, gender, age, period and cohort on psychological distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory. Results. We identify clear social inequalities in psychological distress during 1981-2000 that reduced in magnitude over this period. Non-linear age effects were observed: psychological distress improves in early adulthood but declines again on approaching mid-life. The 1970 cohort had poorer psychological distress than the 1958 cohort. Although women had higher rates of psychological distress than men, gender differences reduced in magnitude. Declining rates of women's psychological distress over time have not been matched in men. A reduction in social inequalities over time was also observed. Improvements in the psychological health of those in manual occupations were not equalled among those in non-manual occupations. Conclusions. Both social and gender inequalities have narrowed in the last two decades of the twentieth century. KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - age KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease course KW - distress syndrome KW - female KW - gender KW - human KW - logistic regression analysis KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental health KW - occupation KW - psychiatric diagnosis KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - sociology KW - statistical model KW - comparative study KW - mental stress KW - psychological model KW - questionnaire KW - regression analysis KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Models, Psychological KW - Questionnaires KW - Regression Analysis KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Models, Psychological KW - Questionnaires KW - Regression Analysis KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 12214796 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sacker, A.; Dept. of Epidemiol./Public Health, Royal Free and University College, London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom N1 - References: Acheson, D., Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report (1998), The Stationery Office: London; Adler, N.E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M.A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R.L., Syme, S.L., Socioeconomic status an health. The challenge of the gradient (1994) American Psychologist, 49, pp. 15-24; Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Firth, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Social position, social roles and women's health in England: Changing relationships 1984-1993 (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 48, pp. 99-115; Bartley, M., Fitzpatrick, R., Firth, D., Marmot, M., Social distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors: Change among men in England 1984-1993 (2000) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, pp. 806-814; Bebbington, P., Hurry, J., Tennant, C., Sturt, E., Wing, J.K., Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell (1981) Psychological Medicine, 11, pp. 561-579; Bebbington, P.E., Dunn, G., Jenkins, R., Lewis, G., Brugha, T., Farrell, M., Meltzer, H., The influence of age and sex on the prevalence of depressive conditions: Report from the National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 9-19; Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Bolling, K., Health Survey for England 1993 (1995), HMSO: London; Blaxter, M., Health and Lifestyles (1990), Routledge: London; Brewer, R.I., Haslum, M.N., Stewart-Brown, S., Recent findings from the 1970 Child Health and Education Study (1982) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 75, pp. 781-784; Bridgwood, A., Lilly, R., Thomas, M., Bacon, J., Sykes, W., Morris, S., Living in Britain. Results from the 1998 General Household Survey (1999), The Stationery Office: London; Briscoe, M., Sex Differences in Psychological Well-being. Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement I (1982), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., Social Origins of Depression. A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women (1978), Tavistock: London; Butler, N., Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) Ten-year Follow-up: A Guide to the BCS70 10-year Data available at the Economic and Social Research Unit Data Archive (1997), Social Statistics Research Unit, City University: London; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal Mortality (1963), Livingstone: Edinburgh; Chan, T.W., Halpin, B., Who Marries Whom in Great Britain? (2000), Colchester: Institute for Social and Economic Research; Coleman, D.A., Salt, J., The British Population: Patterns, Trends, and Processes (1992), Oxford University Press: Oxford; Coleman, J., Wolkind, S., Ashley, L., Symptoms of behaviour disturbance and adjustment to school (1977) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18, pp. 201-210; Costa, P.T., McCrae, R.R., An approach to the attribution of aging, period, and cohort effects (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 92, pp. 238-250; Dohrenwend, B.P., Dohrenwend, B.S., Social and cultural influences on psychopathology (1974) Annual Review of Psychology, 25, pp. 417-452; Eaton, W.W., Kramer, M., Anthony, J.C., Dryman, A., Shapiro, S., Locke, B.Z., The incidence of specific DIS/DSM-III mental disorders: Data from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program (1989) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, pp. 163-179; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., The effects of unemployment on psychiatric illness during young adulthood (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 371-381; Ferri, E., Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1993), (ed.) National Children's Bureau: London; Ferriman, A., Levels of neurosis remained static in the 1990s (2001) British Medical Journal, 323, p. 130; Fuhrer, R., Stansfeld, S.A., Chemali, J., Shipley, M.J., Gender, social relations and mental health: Prospective findings from an occupational cohort (Whitehall II study) (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 48, pp. 77-87; Giuffra, L., Risch, N., Diminished recall and the cohort effect of major depression: A simulation study (1994) Psychological Medicine, 24, pp. 375-383; Goldberg, D.P., Detecting Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire (1972), Oxford University Press (Maudsley Monograph 21): London; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, pp. 97-112. , 2nd edn. Edward Arnold: London; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 170-178; Hagnell, O., Lanke, J.B.R., Ojesjo, L., Are we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illnesses in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: The Lundby Study, Sweden (1982) Psychological Medicine, 12, pp. 279-289; Hattersley, L., Expectation of life by social class (1997) Health Inequalities, pp. 73-82. , (ed. F. Drever and M. Whitehead), ONS: London; Healy, M.J.R., Multilevel data and their analysis (2001) Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics, pp. 1-11. , (ed. A. H. Leyland and H. Goldstein), John Wiley. & Sons: Chichester; Jorm, A.F., Does old age reduce the risk of anxiety and depression? A review of epidemiological studies across the life span (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 11-22; Kessler, R.C., A disaggregation of the relationship between socioeconomic status and psychological distress (1982) American Sociological Review, 17, pp. 752-764; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H.-U., Kendler, K.S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 8-19; Kohn, R., Dohrenwend, B.P., Mirotznik, J., Epidemiological findings on selected psychiatric disorders in the general population (1998) Adversity, Stress, and Psychopathology, pp. 235-284. , (ed. B.P. Dohrenwend), Oxford University Press: New York; Kopp, M.S., Skrabski, A., Szedmak, S., Socioeconomic factors, severity of depressive symptomatology, and sickness absence rate in the Hungarian population (1995) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39, pp. 1019-1029; Koppel, S., McGuffin, P., Socio-economic factors that predict psychiatric admissions at a local level (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 1235-1241; Kringlen, E., Torgersen, S., Cramer, V., A Norwegian psychiatric epidemiological study (2001) American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, pp. 1091-1098; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime risk factors for women's psychological distress in midlife (2002) Social Science and Medicine, , (in the press); Leaf, P.J., Weissman, M.M., Myers, J.K., Tischler, G.L., Holtzer C.E. III, Social factors related to psychiatric disorder: The Yale Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (1984) Social Psychiatry, 19, pp. 53-61; Leete, R., Fox, J., Registrar General's social classes: Origins and users (1977) Population Trends, 8, pp. 1-7; Lehtinen, V., Lindholm, T., Veijola, J., Vaisanen, E., The prevalence of PSE-CATEGO disorders in a Finnish adult population cohort (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 187-192; Lehtinen, V., Lindholm, T., Veijola, J., Vaisanen, E., Puukka, P., Stability of prevalence of mental disorders in a normal population cohort followed for 16 years (1991) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, pp. 40-46; Lewis, G., Wilkinson, G., Another British disease? A recent increase in the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (1993) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 47, pp. 358-361; Lewis, G., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Farrell, M., Gill, B., Jenkins, R., Meltzer, H., Socioeconomic status, standard of living and neurotic disorder (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 605-609; Lynskey, M., Degenhardt, L., Hall, W., Cohort trends in youth suicide in Australia 1964-1997 (2000) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, pp. 408-412; Marsh, C., Social class and occupation (1996) Key Variables in Social Investigation, pp. 123-152. , (ed. R. Burgess), Routledge: London; Mason, K.O., Mason, W.M., Winsborough, H.H., Poole, W.K., Some methodological issues in cohort analysis of archival data (1973) American Sociological Review, 38, pp. 242-258; Mason, W.M., Wolfinger, N.H., (2001), Cohort Analysis. On-line, Working Paper Series No. CCPR-005-01. California Center for Population Research, University of California: Los Angeles, CA; Matheson, J., Summerfield, C., (2001), (ed.) Social Trends No. 31. The Stationery Office: London; Matthews, S., Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Psychological distress and work and home roles: A focus on Socioeconomic differences in distress (2001) Psychological Medicine, 31, pp. 725-736; Muntaner, C., Eaton, W.W., Diala, C., Kessler, R.C., Sorlie, P.D., Social class, assets, organizational control and the prevalence of common groups of psychiatric disorders (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 47, pp. 2043-2053; Murphy, J.M., Laird, N.M., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., A 40-year perspective on the prevalence of depression: The Stirling County Study (2000) Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp. 209-215; Murphy, J.M., Laird, N.M., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., Incidence of depression in the Stirling County Study: Historical and comparative perspectives (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 505-514; O'Brien, R.M., Age period cohort characteristic models (2000) Social Science Research, 29, pp. 123-139; (2001) Psychiatric Morbidity among Adults, 2000, , Office for National Statistics ONS: London; (2002) Trends in Life Expectancy by Social Class 1972-1999, , Office for National Statistics ONS: London; (1980) Classification of Occupations, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys HMSO: London; Ostler, K., Thompson, C., Kinmonth, A.-L.K., Peveler, R.C., Stevens, L., Stevens, A., Influence of Socio-economic deprivation on the prevalence and outcome of depression in primary care. The Hampshire Depression Project (2001) British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, pp. 12-17; Paykel, E.S., Not an age of depression after all? Incidence rates may be stable over time (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 489-490; Pevalin, D.J., Multiple applications of the GHQ-12 in a general population sample: An investigation of long-term retest effects (2000) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35, pp. 508-512; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class differences in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal perspective (1992) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, pp. 284-291; Rasbash, J., Browne, W., Goldstein, H., Yang, M., Plewis, I., Healy, M., Woodhouse, G., Lewis, T., (2000), A User's Guide to MLwiN. Institute of Education, University of London: London; Regier, D., Farmer, M.E., Rae, D.S., Myers, J.K., Kramer, M., Robins, L.N., George, L.K., Locke, B.Z., One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States and sociodemographic characteristics: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area study (1993) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 88, pp. 35-47; Reijneveld, S.A., Schene, A.H., Higher prevalence of mental disorders in socioeconomically deprived urban areas in The Netherlands: Community or personal disadvantage (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52, pp. 2-7; Rice, N., Binomial regression (2001) Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics, pp. 27-43. , (ed. A. H. Leyland and H. Goldstein), John Wiley & Sons: Chichester; Robins, L.N., Heltzer, J.E., Weissman, M.M., Orvaschel, H., Gruenberg, E., Burke, J.D., Regier, D.A., Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites (1984) Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, pp. 949-958; Robins, L.N., Wing, J., Wittchen, H.U., Helzer, J.E., Babor, T.F., Burke, J., Farmer, A., Towle, L.H., The Composite International Diagnostic Interview: An epidemiologic instrument suitable for use in conjunction with different diagnostic systems in different cultures (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 1069-1077; Rodgers, B., Socio-economic status, employment and neurosis (1991) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, pp. 104-114; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; Romans-Clarkson, S.E., Walton, V.A., Herbison, G.P., Mullen, P.E., Psychiatric morbidity among women in urban and rural New Zealand: Psycho-social correlates (1990) British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, pp. 84-91; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., Education, Health and Behaviour (1970), Longmans: London; Schmitt, J., Wadsworth, J., Unemployment, inequality and inefficiency (1994) Paying for Inequality, pp. 114-129. , (ed. A. Glynn and D. Miliband), Institute for Public Policy Research: London; Stansfeld, S.A., Marmot, M.G., Social class and minor psychiatric disorder in British civil servants: A validated screening survey using the General Health Questionnaire (1992) Psychological Medicine, 22, pp. 739-749; Stewart-Brown, S., Emotional well-being and its relation to health (1998) British Medical Journal, 317, pp. 1608-1609; Surtees, P.G., Dean, C., Ingham, J.G., Kreitman, N.B., Miller, P.M., Sashidharan, S.P., Psychiatric disorder in women from an Edinburgh community: Associations with demographic factors (1983) British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, pp. 238-246; Timms, D., Gender, social mobility and psychiatric diagnoses (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46, pp. 1235-1247; Tuchsen, F., Endahl, L.A., Increasing inequality in ischaemic heart disease morbidity among employed men in Denmark 1981-1993: The need for a new preventative policy (1999) International Journal of Epidemiology, 28, pp. 640-644; Turner, R.J., Marino, F., Social support and social structure: A descriptive epidemiology (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, pp. 193-212; Twenge, J.M., The age of anxiety? Birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952-1993 (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, pp. 1007-1021; Vinokur, A.D., Price, R.H., Caplan, R.D., Hard times and hurtful partners: How financial strain affects depression and relationship satisfaction of unemployed persons and their spouses (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, pp. 166-179; Weich, S., Lewis, G., Material standard of living, social class, and the prevalence of the common mental disorders in Great Britain (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52, pp. 8-14; Weich, S., Lewis, G., Poverty, unemployment and common mental disorders: Population based cohort study (1998) British Medical Journal, 317, pp. 115-119; Weich, S., Sloggett, A., Lewis, G., Social roles and the gender difference in rates of the common mental disorders in Britain: A 7-year, population-based cohort study (2001) Psychological Medicine, 31, pp. 1055-1064; White, M., Against Unemployment (1991), Policy Studies Institute: London; Wilkinson, R.G., Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality (1996), Routledge: London; Wing, J.H., Nixon, J., Mann, S.A., Leff, J.P., Reliability of the PSE (ninth edition) used in a population survey (1977) Psychological Medicine, 7, pp. 505-516 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036668018&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291702006013&partnerID=40&md5=c1757264afa62515530838aa4d3292d9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incidence and remission of asthma: A retrospective study on the natural history of asthma in Italy T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology J2 - J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. VL - 110 IS - 2 SP - 228 EP - 235 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1067/mai.2002.125600 SN - 00916749 (ISSN) AU - De Marco, R. AU - Locatelli, F. AU - Cerveri, I. AU - Bugiani, M. AU - Marinoni, A. AU - Giammanco, G. AU - De Marco, R. AU - Accordini, S. AU - Verlato, G. AU - Zanolin, E. AU - Bugiani, M. AU - Buriani, O. AU - Carrozzi, L. AU - Dallari, R. AU - Giammanco, G. AU - Ginesu, F. AU - Marinoni, A. AU - Poli, A. AU - Struzzo, P. AU - Buriani, O. AU - Cavallini, R. AU - Saletti, C. AU - Cellini, M. AU - Faustini, M. AU - De Togni, A. AU - Marinoni, A. AU - Carolei, A. AU - Montomoli, C. AU - Villani, S. AU - Comelli, M. AU - Ponzio, M. AU - Grassi, M. AU - Rezzani, C. AU - Casali, L. AU - Cerveri, I. AU - Zoia, M.C. AU - Corsico, A. AU - Colato, S. AU - Moscato, G. AU - Perfetti, L. AU - Carrozzi, L. AU - Viegi, G. AU - Pistelli, F. AU - Di Pede, F. AU - Paggiaro, P.L. AU - Santolicandro, A. AU - Giovannetti, P. AU - Ginesu, F. AU - Pirina, P. AU - Ostera, S. AU - Pinna, G.P. AU - Farre, A. AU - Imparato, S. AU - Dallari, R. AU - Turrini, E. AU - Foglia, M. AU - Giammanco, G. AU - Pignato, S. AU - Rotondo, A. AU - Cuspilici, A. AU - Bugiani, M. AU - Piccioni, P. AU - Carosso, A. AU - Arossa, W. AU - Caria, E. AU - Castiglioni, G. AU - Migliore, E. AU - Romano, C. AU - Fabbro, D. AU - Ciccone, G. AU - Magnani, C. AU - Dalmasso, P. AU - Bono, R. AU - Gigli, G. AU - Giraudo, A. AU - Brussino, M.C. AU - Bucca, C. AU - Rolla, G. AU - Orefice, U. AU - Schneider, M. AU - Chittaro, F. AU - Peresson, D. AU - De Marco, R. AU - Verlato, G. AU - Accordini, S. AU - Zanolin, M.E. AU - Locatelli, F. AU - Cazzoletti, L. AU - Battisti, L. AU - Pattaro, C. AU - Poli, A. AU - Dorigo, N. AU - Cantarelli, S. AU - Ciresola, D. AU - Lo Cascio, V. AU - Olivieri, M. AU - Ferrari, M. AU - Biasin, C. AU - Lauriola, P. AU - Danielli, G. AU - Sesti, D. AU - Ghigli, E. AU - Natale, P. AU - Grosa, M. AU - Tacconi, A. AU - Frontero, P. AU - Salomoni, A. AD - Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy AD - Institute of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy AD - National Health Service, CPA-ASL 4 Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Turin, Italy AD - Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy AD - Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy AD - Italy AD - Ferrara, Italy AD - Pavia, Italy AD - Pisa, Italy AD - Sassari, Italy AD - Sassuolo, Italy AD - Siracusa, Italy AD - Turin, Italy AD - Udine, Italy AD - Verona, Italy AD - ARPA Emilia-Romagna, Italy AD - ARPA Piemonte, Italy AD - ARPA Veneto, Italy AB - Background: The knowledge of the natural history of asthma from birth to adulthood could provide important clues for its cause and for the understanding of epidemiologic findings. Objective: This study is aimed at assessing the incidence and remission of asthma from birth to the age of 44 years by using data from 18, 873 subjects involved in a large, nationally representative, cross-sectional study carried out in Italy from 1998 through 2000. Methods: The onset of asthma was defined as the age at the first attack, and remission was considered present when a subject was neither under treatment nor had experienced an asthma attack in the last 24 months. Person-years and survival techniques were used for the analysis. Results: The average annual incidence rate for the 1953 to 2000 period was 2.56/1000 persons per year. Incidence peaked in boys less than 10 years of age (4.38/1000 persons per year) and in women 30 years of age or older (3.1/1000 persons per year) and showed a generational increase (incident rate ratio = 2.63 and 95% CI = 2.20-3.12 for 1974-1979 vs 1953-1958 birth cohort). The overall remission rate was 45.8% (41.6% in women and 49.5% in men, P <.001). Asthmatic patients in remission had an earlier age at onset (7.8 vs 15.9 years, P <.001) and a shorter duration of the disease (5.6 vs 16.1 years, P <.001) than patients with current asthma. The probability of remission was strongly (P <.001) and inversely related to the age at onset (62.8% and 15.0% in the <10- and >20-years age-at-onset groups, respectively). Conclusion: With respect to its natural history, asthma presents 2 different forms: early-onset asthma, which occurs early in childhood, affects mainly boys, and has a good prognosis, and late-onset asthma, which generally occurs during or after puberty, mainly affects women, and has a poor prognosis. The minority of patients with early-onset asthma who do not remit represents more than 35% of patients with current asthma in the general young adult population. KW - Asthma incidence KW - Asthma remission KW - Persistence of asthma KW - adult KW - anamnesis KW - article KW - asthma KW - disease course KW - disease duration KW - female KW - human KW - incidence KW - Italy KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - onset age KW - priority journal KW - probability KW - prognosis KW - remission KW - retrospective study KW - survival PB - Mosby Inc. N1 - Cited By :121 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JACIB C2 - 12170262 LA - English N1 - References: Platt-Mills, T.A., Woodfolk, J.A., Sporik, R.B., Con: The increase in asthma cannot be ascribed to cleanliness (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164, pp. 1107-1108; Jarvis, D., Chinn, S., Sterne, J., Luczynska, C., Burney, P., The association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with the use of gas for cooking (1998) Eur Respir J, 11, pp. 651-658; Houvinen, E., Jaakko, K., Laitinen, L.A., Koskenvuo, M., Incidence and prevalence of asthma among adult Finnish men and women of the Finnish Twin Cohort from 1975 to 1990 and their relation to hay fever and chronic bronchitis (1999) Chest, 115, pp. 928-936; Dodge, R.R., Burrows, B., The prevalence and incidence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in a general population sample (1980) Am Rev Respir Dis, 122, pp. 567-575; Toren, K., Hermansson, B.A., Incidence rate of adult-onset asthma in relation to age, sex, atopy and smoking: A Swedish population based study of 15813 adults (1999) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 3, pp. 192-197; Yunginger, J.W., Reed, C.E., O'Connell, E.J., Melton, L.J., III, O'Fallon, W.M., Silverstein, M.D., A community-based study of the epidemiology of asthma. Incidence rates, 1964-1983 (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis, 146, pp. 888-894; Sears, M.R., Evolution of asthma through childhood (1998) Clin Exp Allergy, 28, pp. 82-89; Sunyer, J., Anto, J.M., Tobias, A., Burney, P., Generational increase of self-reported first attack of asthma in fifteen industrialized countries (1999) Eur Respir J, 14, pp. 885-891; De Marco, R., Locatelli, F., Sunyer, J., Burney, P., Differences in incidence of reported asthma related to age in men and women (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162, pp. 68-74. , A retrospective analysis of the data of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey; Bronnimann, S., Burrows, B., A prospective study of the natural history of asthma: Remission and relapse rates (1986) Chest, 90, pp. 480-484; Kelly, W.J., Hudson, I., Phelan, P.D., Pain, M.C., Olinsky, A., Childhood asthma in adult life: A further study at 28 years of age (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 1059-1062; Strachan, D.P., Butland, B.K., Anderson, H.R., Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1195-1199; Ronmark, E., Jonsson, E., Lundback, B., Remission of asthma in the middle aged and elderly: Report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Study (1999) Thorax, 54, pp. 611-613; Burney, P., Luczynska, C., China, S., Jarvis, D., The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1994) Eur Respir J, 7, pp. 954-960; De Marco, R., Zanolin, M.E., Accordini, S., Signorelli, D., Marinoni, A., Bugiani, M., A new questionnaire for the repeat of the first stage of the European Respiratory Health Survey: A pilot study (1999) Eur Respir J, 14, pp. 1044-1048; Stewart, W., Brookmyer, R., Van Natta, M., Estimating age incidence from survey data with adjustments for recall errors (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 869-875; De Marco, R., Verlato, G., Zanolin, M., Bugiani, M., Drane, W., Non response bias in EC Respiratory Health Survey in Italy (1994) Eur Respir J, 7, pp. 2139-2145; Pagano, R., La Vecchia, C., De Carli, A., Smoking in Italy, 1995 (1998) Tumori, 84, pp. 456-459; McCullagh P, Nelder JA. Generalized linear models. 2nd ed. London:Chapman and Hall; 1989; Marubini E, Valsecchi MG. Analysing survival data from clinical trials and observational studies. Chichester, Great Britain: John Wiley and Sons; 1995; Akaike, H., A new look at the statistical model identification (1974) IEEE Trans Automatic Control, pp. 716-723; StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 5.0. College Station (TX):Stata Corporation; 1997; Variation in prevalence of respiratory symptoms, self-reported asthma attacks and use of asthma medication in the European Community respiratory Health Survey (1996) Eur Respir J, 9, pp. 687-695; Martinez, F.D., Recognizing early asthma (1999) Allergy, 54, pp. 24-28; Kuehni, C.E., Davis, A., Brooke, A.M., Silverman, M., Are all wheezing disorders in very young (preschool) children increasing in prevalence? (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1821-1825; Grol, M.H., Gerritsen, J., Postma, D.S., Asthma: From childhood to adulthood (1996) Allergy, 51, pp. 855-869; Sears, M.R., Consequences of long-term inflammation. The natural history of asthma (2000) Clin Chest Med, 21, pp. 315-329; Burrows, B., Barbee, R.A., Cline, M.G., Knudson, R.J., Lebowitz, M.D., Characteristics of asthma among elderly adults in a sample of the general population (1991) Chest, 100, pp. 935-942; Panhuysen, C.I.M., Vonk, J.M., Koeter, G.H., Schouten, J.P., Van Altena, R., Bleecker, E.R., Adult patients may outgrow their asthma. A 25-year follow-up study (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155, pp. 1267-1272; Von Mutius, E., The rising trend in asthma and allergic disease (1998) Clin Exp Allergy, 28, pp. 45-49; De Marco, R., Poli, A., Giammanco, G., Accordini, S., Pattaro, C., Zanolin, M.E., Long-term effect of climate and NO2 outdoor pollution on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy (2001) Eur Respir J, 18, p. 110s. , Results of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)-Italy 2000 [abstract] UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036676226&doi=10.1067%2fmai.2002.125600&partnerID=40&md5=07a1f4d6b697f0e8acf8b2ab6992b2f7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Emotional and behavioural problems in childhood and distress in adult life: Risk and protective factors T2 - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Aust. New Zealand J. Psychiatry VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 521 EP - 527 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01048.x SN - 00048674 (ISSN) AU - Buchanan, A. AU - Flouri, E. AU - Ten Brinke, J. AD - Dept. of Social Policy/Social Work, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To assess the relationship between risk and protective factors and the continuity of psychological problems from age 7 to age 33. Methods: Data on 5591 cohort members of the National Child Development Study were used to track continuity and discontinuity between internalizing and externalizing problems at age 7, as assessed by the Rutter 'A' Health and Behaviour Checklist, and psychological distress at age 33, as assessed by the Malaise Inventory, controlling for risk and protective groupings present at age 7. Results: There was no association between malaise in adulthood and internalizing problems in childhood. However, people who had externalizing problems in childhood were nearly twice as likely as those without such problems to have high Malaise scores in adulthood. A grouping of risk factors (police/probation experience by family, agency referral for difficulties in school, social services involvement, domestic tension) did not predict malaise in adulthood. Also a grouping of protective factors (outings with mother, father reads to child, good creative skills, good numeric skills) predicted that women were less likely to have high Malaise scores in adult life. Conclusions: Protective factors in childhood were strongly associated with lower Malaise scores in adulthood. Research on factors associated with discontinuity of psychological problems may prove fruitful. KW - Continuity and discontinuity KW - Emotional and behavioural problems KW - National Child Development Study KW - Risk and protective factors KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child parent relation KW - controlled study KW - distress syndrome KW - family KW - female KW - groups by age KW - human KW - malaise KW - male KW - prediction KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - scoring system KW - social aspect KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Affective Symptoms KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - Humans KW - Internal-External Control KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Personality Development KW - Personality Inventory KW - Risk Factors KW - Scotland KW - Social Support KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ANZPB C2 - 12169153 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Buchanan, A.; Dept. of Social Policy/Social Work, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: ann.buchanan@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Farrington, D., The development of offending and antisocial behaviour from childhood: Key findings from the Cambridge study of delinquent development (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 929-964; Harrington, R., Annotation: The natural history and treatment of child and adolescent affective disorders (1992) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, pp. 1287-1302; Harrington, R., Fudge, H., Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Hill, J., Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression (1990) Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, pp. 465-473; Patterson, G.R., Dishion, T.J., Chamberlain, P., Outcomes and methodological issues relating to treatment of antisocial children (1993) Handbook of effective psychotherapy, pp. 43-88. , Giles TR, ed. New York: Plenum; Kovacs, M., Devlin, B., Internalizing disorders in childhood (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 147-163; Campbell, S.B., Behavior problems in preschool children: A review of recent research (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 115-149; Robins, L.N., Conduct disorder (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 193-212; Smith, D.J., Youth crime and conduct disorders (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, pp. 389-489. , Rutter M, Smith D, eds. Chichester: John Wiley; Fombonne, E., Depressive disorders: Time trends and possible explanatory mechanisms (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, pp. 544-615. , Rutter M, Smith D, eds. Chichester: John Wiley; Masten, A.S., Coatsworth, J.D., The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children (1995) American Psychologist, 53, pp. 205-220; Kazdin, A.E., Conduct disorder (1995) The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, pp. 258-290. , Verhulst FC, Koot HM, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Rutter, M., Causal concepts and their testing (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, pp. 7-34. , Rutter M, Smith D, eds. Chichester: John Wiley; Compas, B., Promoting successful coping during adolescence (1995) Psychosocial Disturbances in Young People: Challenges for Prevention, pp. 247-273. , Rutter M, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Merikangas, K.R., Angst, J., The challenge of depressive disorders in adolescence (1994) Psychosocial Disturbances in Young People: Challenges for Prevention, pp. 131-165. , Rutter M, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press; Petersen, A.C., Compas, B., Brooks-Gunn, J., Stemmler, M., Ey, S., Grant, K., Depression in adolescence (1993) American Psychologist, 48, pp. 155-168; Sweeting, H., West, P., Family life and health in adolescence: A role for culture in the health inequalities debate? (1995) Social Science & Medicine, 40, pp. 163-175; Resnick, M.D., Bearman, P.S., Blum, R.W., Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health (1998) Adolescent Behavior and Society: A Book of Readings, pp. 376-395. , Muuss RE, Porton HD, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill; Campbell, S., Pierce, E.W., March, C.L., Ewing, L.J., Noncompliant behavior, overactivity and family stress as predictors of negative maternal control with preschool children (1991) Development and Psychopathology, 3, pp. 175-190; McGee, R., Partridge, F., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., A twelve-year follow-up of preschool hyperactive children (1991) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, pp. 224-232; Webster-Stratton, C., Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of child deviance: Roles of parent and child behaviors and parent adjustment (1988) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, pp. 909-915; Webster-Stratton, C., Long term follow-up of families with young conduct-problem children: From preschool to grade school (1990) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, pp. 1344-1349; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Background characteristics of aggressive, hyperactive, and aggressive-hyperactive boys (1984) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23, pp. 280-284; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., Children who may be at risk of emotional and behavioural problems (1998) Parenting, Schooling and Children's Behaviour, pp. 34-52. , Buchanan A, Hudson BL, eds. Aldershot: Ashgate; Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 575-580; Shepherd, P., Appendix, I., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , Ferri E, ed. London: National Children's Bureau; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., Education, health and behaviour (1970), London: Longman; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Silberg, J., Rutter, M., Meyer, J., Genetic and environmental influences on the covaration between hyperactivity and conduct problems in juvenile twins (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 803-816; McCulloch, A., Wiggins, R.D., Joshi, H.E., Sachev, D., Internalising and externalising children's behaviour problems in Britain and the US: Relationships to family resources (2000) Children and Society, 14, pp. 368-383; Goodman, R., A modified version of the Rutter parent questionnaire including extra items on children's strengths: A research note (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1483-1494; Pound, A., Puckering, C., Cox, T., Mills, M., The impact of maternal depression on young children (1988) British Journal of Psychotherapy, 4, pp. 240-252; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 89-493; Thorpe, K., Golding, J., MacGillivray, I., Greenwood, R., Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 875-878; Sloper, P., Needs and responses of parents following the diagnosis of childhood cancer (1996) Child: Care, Health and Development, 22, pp. 187-202; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Yule, W., Graham, P., Isle of Wight Studies, 1964-74 (1976) Psychological Medicine, 6, pp. 313-332; Pless, I.B., Power, C., Peckham, C.S., Long-term psychological sequelae of chronic physical disorders in childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 1131-1136; Hirst, M., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory: An item analysis (1983) Social Psychiatry, 18, pp. 181-184; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 170-178; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., An evaluation of the Malaise Inventory (1986) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 30, pp. 147-152; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class differences in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal study (1992) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, pp. 284-291; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., What happened when they were grown up: Outcomes from early parenting experiences (1997), York: York Publishing; Bronfenbrenner, U., The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design (1979), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., Flouri, E., Parental background, social disadvantage, public 'care', and psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood (2000) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, pp. 415-1423; Caron, C., Rutter, M., Co-morbidity in child psychopathology: Concepts, issues, and research strategies (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1063-1080; Robins, L.N., Rutter, M., Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood (1990), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Cox, A., Rutter, M., Yule, B., Quinton, D., Bias resulting from missing information: Some epidemiological findings (1977) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 31, pp. 131-136; Achenbach, T.M., Epidemiological applications of multiaxial empirically based assessment and taxonomy (1995) The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, pp. 22-41. , Verhulst FC, Koot HM, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Problems and solution in longitudinal and experimental treatment studies of child psychopathology and delinquency (1994) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, pp. 887-900 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036689458&doi=10.1046%2fj.1440-1614.2002.01048.x&partnerID=40&md5=d9658cd42485fcf630546dafc6ba476f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social inequality in educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment throughout childhood: Magnitude and mechanisms T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 55 IS - 5 SP - 863 EP - 880 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00228-3 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Sacker, A. AU - Schoon, I. AU - Bartley, M. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - City University, United Kingdom AB - The paper examines the hypothesis that social inequalities in children's developmental resources level off during adolescence against an alternative hypothesis that they continue to exert their influence throughout all of childhood. Using data from the National Child Development Study, the study applies two models. Both are premised on the understanding that the social and physical environments in which children are raised affects their resources in the domains of educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment. A 'class inequalities' model seeks to determine the extent of social class inequalities at three key stages in children's development: the transition from infant to junior schooling at age 7, from primary to secondary education at age 11 and from compulsory education to further education or work at age 16. The second model is a contextual-systems model which seeks to expand our understanding of the pathways from family social class to children's educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment through some more proximal determinants of these resources: material deprivation, school composition, parental involvement and aspirations. Social class inequalities in educational achievement were found to be greater than inequalities in psychosocial adjustment. The same developmental pattern was observed for both outcomes: inequalities increased from age 7 to age 11 and then remained at the same level at 16yr. The contextual-systems models showed that when social inequalities are interpreted more broadly than a narrow class based definition, they continue to widen in adolescence. In particular, family influences, indicated by parental involvement become less important and social contexts beyond the family, reflected in material conditions and school composition, become more important. At age 16, material deprivation was the strongest determinant of psychosocial adjustment while school composition was most strongly related to educational achievement. The contextual-systems model provides a more complete account of social inequalities in children's educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment than simple estimates of social class effects. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Achievement KW - Children KW - National Child Development Survey KW - Psychosocial adjustment KW - Social inequality KW - UK KW - child development KW - educational attainment KW - socioeconomic status KW - adolescent KW - article KW - child KW - child development KW - childhood KW - controlled study KW - education KW - human KW - human experiment KW - social class KW - social environment KW - social psychology KW - Achievement KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cultural Deprivation KW - Educational Status KW - England KW - Family KW - Humans KW - Models, Psychological KW - Scotland KW - Social Adjustment KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Wales KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :73 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 12190276 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sacker, A.; Department of Epidemiology, Roy. F./Univ. Coll. London Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: a.sacker@public-health.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C.S., Psychopathology of childhood (1984) Annual Review of Psychology, 35, pp. 227-256; Acheson, D., (1998) Independent inquiry into inequalities in health report, , London: The Stationery Office; Arbuckle, J.C., (1999) AMOS for Windows. Analysis of moment structures, Version 4.01, , Chicago: SmallWaters Corp; Arbuckle, J.L., Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data (1996) Advanced structural equation modeling techniques, pp. 243-277. , G.A. Marcoulides, & R.E. Schumacker. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Astone, N.M., McLanahan, S.S., Family structure, parental practices and high school completion (1991) American Sociological Review, 56, pp. 309-320; Baker, D., Taylor, H., Henderson, J., Inequality in infant morbidity: Causes and consequencies in England in the 1990s (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52, pp. 451-458; Bentler, P.M., Comparative fit indices in structural models (1990) Psychological Bulletin, 107, pp. 238-246; Boudin, R., (1982) The unintended consequences of social action, , London: Macmillan Press Ltd; Bourdieu, P., (1984) Distinction, , London: Routledge; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Brooks-Gunn, J., Children in families in communities: Risk and intervention in the Bronfenbrenner tradition (1995) Examining lives in context, pp. 467-519. , P. Moen, et al. (Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Britto, P.R., Are socioeconomic gradients for children similar to those for adults? (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 94-124. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guildford Press; Brutsaert, H., Home and school influences on academic performance: State and catholic elementary schools in belgium compared (1998) Educational Review, 50, pp. 37-43; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Coggon, D., Barker, D.J., Inskip, H., Wield, G., Housing in early life and later mortality (1993) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 47, pp. 345-348; Cohen, J., Cohen, P., (1983) Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences, , Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Dahl, E., Social mobility and health: Cause or effect? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 435-436; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) British Medical Journal, 341, pp. 547-552; Davie, R., Butler, H., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven: The second report of the national child development study (1958 Cohort), , London: Longman; Dillner, L., Poverty spreads among children in Britain (1996) British Medical Journal, 312, pp. 996-997; Dolan, C.V., Molenaar, P.C.M., Testing specific hypotheses concerning latent group differences in multi-group covariance structure analysis with structured means (1994) Multivariate Behavioral Research, 29, pp. 203-222; Duncan, O.D., A socioeconomic index for all occupations (1961) Occupations and social status, pp. 109-138. , Reiss A.J. Jr.(Ed.), New York: Free Press; Elander, J., Rutter, M., An update on the status of the Rutter Parents' and Teachers' Scales (1996) Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 1, pp. 31-35; Elander, J., Rutter, M., Use and development of the Rutter Parents' and Teachers' Scales (1996) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 6, pp. 63-78; Fawer, C.L., Besnier, S., Forcada, M., Buclin, T., Calame, A., Influence of perinatal, developmental and environmental factors on cognitive abilities of pre-term children without major impairments at 5 yr (1995) Early Human Development, 43, pp. 151-164; Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M.T., Factors associated with continuity and changes in disruptive behavior patterns between childhood and adolescence (1996) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, pp. 533-553; Fogelman, K., (1976) Britain's 16-year-olds, , London: National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan for the National Children's Bureau; Hayduk, L.A., (1987) Structural equation modeling with lisrel: Essentials and advances, , Baltimore: John Hopkins; Hertzman, C., Population health and human development (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 21-40. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guildford Press; Holahan, C.J., Valentiner, D.P., Moos, R.H., Parental support and psychological adjustment during the transition to young adulthood in a college sample (1994) Journal of Family Psychology, 8, pp. 215-223; Jencks, C., Smith, M., Acland, H., Bane, M.J., Cohen, D., Gintis, H., (1973) Inequality. A reassessment of the effect of family and schooling in America, , London: Allen Lane; Kaplan, G.A., Lynch, J.W., Whither studies on the socioeconomic foundations of population health? (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 97, pp. 1409-1411; Keating, D.P., Hertzman, C., Modernity's paradox (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 1-17. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guildford Press; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Childhood influences on adult male earnings in a longitudinal study (1991) British Journal of Sociology, 42, pp. 537-555; Laucht, M., Esser, G., Schmidt, M.H., Developmental outcomes of infants born with biological and psychosocial risks (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 843-853; Lauder, H., Hughes, D., Social origins, destinations and educational inequality (1990) Political issues in New Zealand education (2nd ed.), pp. 43-60. , J. et al. Codd. Palmerston North, NZ: Dunmore Press Ltd; Leete, R., Fox, J., Registrar General's social classes: Origins and users (1977) Population Trends, 8, pp. 1-7; Macintyre, S., Watt, G., West, P., Ecob, R.A.D., Correlates of blood pressure in 15 year olds in the west of Scotland (1991) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 45, pp. 143-147; Marmot, M., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M., Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 44, pp. 901-910; Marsh, C., Social class and occupation (1986) Key variables in social investigation, , R. Burgess. London: Routledge; Mays, J.B., The impact of neighbourhood values (1980) Linking home and school (3rd ed.), pp. 56-69. , M. et al. Craft. London: Harper & Row; Montgomery, S., Schoon, I., Health and health behaviour (1997) Twentysomething in the 1990s: Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere, , J. et al. Bynner. Aldershot: Ashgate; Mortimer, P., Whitty, G., (2000) Can school improvements overcome the effects of disadvantag, , e? London: Institute of Education University of London; Nash, R., Harker, R., Chartes, H., Reproduction and renewal through education (1990) Political issues in New Zealand education (2nd ed.), pp. 61-273. , J. et al. Codd. Palmerston North, NZ: Dunmore Press Ltd; (1980) Classification of occupations, , London: HMSO; Plewis, I., Inferences about teacher expectations from national assessment at Key Stage One (1997) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, pp. 235-247; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Health, well-being and coping skills (1999) Developmental health and the wealth of nations, pp. 41-54. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guildford Press; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Pringle, M.K., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., (1967) 11,000 seven year old's: First report of the national child development study (1958 Cohort), , London: Longmans; Roach, J.O.N., One in six children live in relative poverty (2000) British Medical Journal, 320, p. 1621; Roberts, H., Children, inequalities and health (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 1122-1125; Roberts, K., Schools, parents and social class (1980) Linking home and school (3rd ed.),, pp. 41-55. , M. et al. Craft. London: Harper & Row; Rosenthal, R., Jacobson, L., Teacher expectancies: Determinants of pupils' I.Q. test gains (1966) Psychological Reports, 19, pp. 115-118; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , London: Longmans; Schneewind, K., (1981) Inequalities of children and families in different cultural contexts. Studies on development and on the reducation of inequalities in different socio-cultural contexts, especially with regard to children and family life-styles, , Doha, State of Qatar, UNESCO; Smith, G., Smith, T., Wright, G., Poverty and schooling: Choice, diversity or division? (1997) Britain divided: The growth of social exclusion in the 1980s and 1990s, pp. 123-139. , A. Walker, & C. Walker. London: CPAG Ltd; Southgate, V., (1962) Southgate group reading tests: Manual of instructions., , London: University of London Press; Steiger, J.H., Structural model evaluation and modification: An internal estimation approach (1990) Multivariate Behavioural Research, 25, pp. 173-180; Stitt, S., Griffiths, G., Grant, D., Homeless and hungry: The evidence from Liverpool (1994) Nutrition and Health, 9, pp. 275-287; Stott, D.H., (1964) The social adjustment of children, , London: University of London Press; Teachman, J.D., Paasch, K., The family and educational aspirations (1998) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, pp. 704-714; Tudge, J., Gray, J.T., Hogan, D.M., Ecological perspectives in human development: A comparison of Gibson and Bronfenbrenner (1997) Comparisons in human development. Understanding time and context, pp. 72-105. , J. et al. Tudge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Tudge, J.R.H., Hogan, D.M., Snezhkova, I.A., Kulakova, N.N., Etz, K.E., Parents' child-rearing values and beliefs in the United States and Russia: The impact of culture and social class (2000) Infant and Child Development, 9, pp. 105-121; Wadsworth, M., Family and education as determinants of health (1996) Health and social organisation: Towards a health policy for the 21st century, , B. et al. Blane. London: Routledge; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health inequalities in the life course perspective (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 44, pp. 859-869; West, P., Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 32, pp. 373-384; West, P., Health inequalities in the early years: Is there equalisation in youth? (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 44, pp. 833-858; Willms, J.D., Quality and inequality in children's literacy: The effects of families, schools and communities (1999) Developmentl health and the wealth of nations, pp. 72-93. , D.P. Keating, & C. Hertzman. New York: The Guildford Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036317457&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2801%2900228-3&partnerID=40&md5=cfe1e54c537e8a43e41c4e4307764900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lung cancer risks in women with previous breast cancer T2 - European Journal of Cancer J2 - Eur. J. Cancer VL - 38 IS - 11 SP - 1520 EP - 1525 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00089-8 SN - 09598049 (ISSN) AU - Prochazka, M. AU - Granath, F. AU - Ekbom, A. AU - Shields, P.G AU - Hall, P. AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden AD - Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Program, The Research Building W301, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, United States AB - Evaluation of the adverse effects of breast cancer treatment is becoming increasingly important in light of the earlier detection and prolonged survival of the patients. The beneficial effect of post-surgical radiotherapy has lately been challenged. The Swedish Cancer Registry (SCR) was used to identify approximately 141 000 women with breast cancer, diagnosed between 1958 and 1997, followed-up for the occurrence of lung cancer. Standardised incidence ratios and expected number of lung cancers were calculated using incidence rates from the SCR. There were 613 subsequent lung cancers and a statistically significant increased risk of lung cancer was seen >5 years after breast cancer diagnosis, in contrast to a significantly decreased risk the first five years after the breast cancer diagnosis. The latter finding was confined to those >60 years of age when diagnosed with breast cancer. When restricting the analyses to those cases with information on the laterality of breast and lung cancer, an increased risk of a lung cancer on the same side as the breast cancer was seen >10 years after the breast cancer diagnosis. Birth cohorts with a higher smoking prevalence, i.e. 1930-1949, revealed a higher risk of lung cancer, than previous birth cohorts. Women with breast cancer have a significantly increased risk of developing a subsequent lung cancer possibly related to an interaction between radiotherapy and smoking. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Breast cancer KW - Ionising radiation KW - Lung cancer KW - Radiation-induced KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - breast carcinoma KW - calculation KW - cancer diagnosis KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer radiotherapy KW - cancer risk KW - cancer survival KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - early diagnosis KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - lung carcinoma KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - radiation injury KW - register KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - smoking KW - Age Distribution KW - Age of Onset KW - Aged KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Middle Aged KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Sweden KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJCAE C2 - 12110499 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Prochazka, M.; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; email: michaela.prochazka@mep.ki.se N1 - References: Thurfjell, E.L., Lindgren, J.A., Breast cancer survival rates with mammographic screening: Similar favorable survival rates for women younger and those older than 50 years [see comments] (1996) Radiology, 201, pp. 421-426; Larsson, L.G., Nystrom, L., Wall, S., The Swedish randomised mammography screening trials: Analysis of their effect on the breast cancer related excess mortality (1996) J. Med. Screen, 3, pp. 129-132; Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy. 133 randomised trials involving 31,000 recurrences and 24,000 deaths among 75,000 women. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 71-85; Kroman, N., Jensen, M.-B., Wohlfahrt, J., Mouridsen, H.T., Andersen, P.K., Melbye, M., Factors influencing the effect of age on prognosis in breast cancer: Population based study (2000) Br. Med. J., 320, pp. 474-479; Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: An overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group [see comments] (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1451-1467; Fisher, B., Costantino, J.P., Wickerham, D.L., Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study [see comments] (1998) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 90, pp. 1371-1388; Bernstein, L., Deapen, D., Cerhan, J.R., Tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer and endometrial cancer risk (1999) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 91, pp. 1654-1662; Newcomb, P.A., Solomon, C., White, E., Tamoxifen and risk of large bowel cancer in women with breast cancer (1999) Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 53, pp. 271-277; Bergman, L., Beelen, M.L., Gallee, M.P., Hollema, H., Benraadt, J., Van Leeuwen, F.E., Risk and prognosis of endometrial cancer after tamoxifen for breast cancer. Comprehensive Cancer Centres' ALERT Group. Assessment of Liver and Endometrial cancer Risk following Tamoxifen [in process citation] (2000) Lancet, 356, pp. 881-887; Favourable and unfavourable effects on long-term survival of radiotherapy for early breast cancer: An overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group [see comments] (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 1757-1770; Inskip, P.D., Boice J.D., Jr., Radiotherapy-induced lung cancer among women who smoke [editorial; Comment] [published erratum appears in Cancer 1994;73:2456] (1994) Cancer, 73, pp. 1541-1543; Neugut, A.I., Robinson, E., Lee, W.C., Murray, T., Karwoski, K., Kutcher, G.J., Lung cancer after radiation therapy for breast cancer (1993) Cancer, 71, pp. 3054-3057; Van Leeuwen, F.E., Klokman, W.J., Stovall, M., Roles of radiotherapy and smoking in lung cancer following Hodgkin's disease [see comments] (1995) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87, pp. 1530-1537; List, A.F., Doll, D.C., Greco, F.A., Lung cancer in Hodgkin's disease: Association with previous radiotherapy (1985) J. Clin. Oncol., 3, pp. 215-221; Recht, A., Bartelink, H., Fourquet, A., Postmastectomy radiotherapy: Questions for the twenty-first century (1998) J. Clin. Oncol., 16, pp. 2886-2889; Gagliardi, G., Lax, I., Rutqvist, L.E., Partial irradiation of the heart (2001) Semin. Radiat. Oncol., 11, pp. 224-233; Hurkmans, C.W., Saarnak, A.E., Pieters, B.R., Borger, J.H., Bruinvis, I.A., An improved technique for breast cancer irradiation including the locoregional lymph nodes (2000) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 47, pp. 1421-1429; (1985) Tobacco Smoking. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Pershagen, G., Åkerblom, G., Axelson, O., Residential radon exposure and lung cancer in Sweden (1994) N. Engl. J. Med., 1994, pp. 159-164; Mattsson, B., Wallgren, A., Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register. Non-notified cancer cases recorded on death certificates in 1978 (1984) Acta Radiol. Oncol., 23, pp. 305-313; Farrow, D.C., Hunt, W.C., Samet, J.M., Geographic variation in the treatment of localized breast cancer [see comments] (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 326, pp. 1097-1101; Nattinger, A.B., Gottlieb, M.S., Veum, J., Yahnke, D., Goodwin, J.S., Geographic variation in the use of breast-conserving treatment for breast cancer [see comments] (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 326, pp. 1102-1107; Overgaard, M., Hansen, P.S., Overgaard, J., Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy (1997) N. Engl. J. Med., 337, pp. 949-955; Vatten, L.J., Kvinnsland, S., Cigarette smoking and risk of breast cancer: A prospective study of 24,329 Norwegian women (1990) Eur. J. Cancer, 26, pp. 830-833; Adami, H.O., Lund, E., Bergstrom, R., Meirik, O., Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer in young women (1988) Br. J. Cancer, 58, pp. 832-837; Doll, R., Gray, R., Hafner, B., Peto, R., Mortality in relation to smoking: 22 years' observations on female British doctors (1980) Br. Med. J., 280, pp. 967-971; Ambrosone, C.B., Freudenheim, J.L., Graham, S., Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk (1996) JAMA, 276, pp. 1494-1501; Alavanja, M.C., Brownson, R.C., Boice, J.D., Hock, E., Preexisting lung disease and lung cancer among nonsmoking women (1992) Am. J. Epidemiol., 136, pp. 623-632; Zheng, W., Blot, W.J., Liao, M.L., Lung cancer and prior tuberculosis infection in Shanghai (1987) Br. J. Cancer, 56, pp. 101-104; Howe, G.R., McLaughlin, J., Breast cancer mortality between 1950 and 1987 after exposure to fractionated moderate-dose-rate ionizing radiation in the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study and a comparison with breast cancer mortality in the atomic bomb survivors study (1996) Radiat. Res., 145, pp. 694-707; Boice, J.D., Monson, R.R., Rosenstein, M., Cancer mortality in women after repeated fluoroscopic examinations of the chest (1981) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 66, pp. 863-867; Harvey, E.B., Brinton, L.A., Second cancer following cancer of the breast in Connecticut, 1935-82 (1985) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 68, pp. 99-112; Kaldor, J.M., Day, N.E., Bell, J., Lung cancer following Hodgkin's disease: A case-control study (1992) Int. J. Cancer, 52, pp. 677-681; Inskip, P.D., Stovall, M., Flannery, J.T., Lung cancer risk and radiation dose among women treated for breast cancer (1994) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 86, pp. 983-988; Neugut, A.I., Murray, T., Santos, J., Increased risk of lung cancer after breast cancer radiation therapy in cigarette smokers [see comments] (1994) Cancer, 73, pp. 1615-1620; Thompson, D.E., Mabuchi, K., Ron, E., Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958-1987 (1994) Radiat. Res., 137, pp. S17-S67; Rebbeck, T.R., Inherited genetic predisposition in breast cancer. A population-based perspective (1999) Cancer, 86 (SUPPL.), pp. 2493-2501; Nicolaides-Bouman, A., Wald, N., (1993) International Smoking Statistics; Rökvanor i Sverige (1963) En postenkätundersökning-våren, , [in Swedish, summary in English]. Stockholm, Statistiska Centralbyrån, Utredningsinstitutet; (2000) Tobacco, , Stockholm: Statistiska Centralbyrån; Shriver, S.P., Bourdeau, H.A., Gubish, C.T., Sex-specific expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor: Relationship to smoking history and risk of lung cancer (2000) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92, pp. 24-33; Risch, H.A., Howe, G.R., Jain, M., Burch, J.D., Holowaty, E.J., Miller, A.B., Are female smokers at higher risk for lung cancer than male smokers? A case-control analysis by histologic type [see comments] (1993) Am. J. Epidemiol., 138, pp. 281-293; Zang, E.A., Wynder, E.L., Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: Examination of the evidence [see comments] (1996) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 88, pp. 183-192; Health and diseases (1997) Cancer Incidence in Sweden 1997, , The National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036314251&doi=10.1016%2fS0959-8049%2802%2900089-8&partnerID=40&md5=c33d1275ff0604ff4bb67a7a1893e93b ER - TY - JOUR TI - What predicts good relationships with parents in adolescence and partners in adult life: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - Journal of Family Psychology J2 - J. Fam. Psychol. VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 186 EP - 198 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1037/0893-3200.16.2.186 SN - 08933200 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AU - Buchanan, A. AD - Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - This study drew on data from the National Child Development Study to explore the role of father involvement and mother involvement at age 7 in father-child and mother-child relations at age 16, and the role of closeness to father and closeness to mother at age 16 in quality of relationship with partner at age 33. Closeness to mother was associated with closeness to father, intact family structure and academic motivation, and closeness to father with closeness to mother, early father involvement, less emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence, male gender and academic motivation. Closeness to father at age 16 was more strongly related to level of father involvement at age 7 for daughters than for sons and to closeness to mother for sons than for daughters. Marital adjustment at age 33 was related to good relationships with siblings, mother, and father at age 16; less current psychological distress; female gender; and educational attainment. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child parent relation KW - child psychology KW - cohort analysis KW - conflict KW - ego development KW - female KW - gender identity KW - human KW - male KW - marriage KW - psychological aspect KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescent Psychology KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Marriage KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Personality Development N1 - Cited By :54 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12085731 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Albrecht, S.I., Correlates of marital happiness among the remarried (1979) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, pp. 857-867; Almeida, D.M., Galambos, N.L., Examining father involvement and the quality of father-adolescent relations (1991) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, pp. 155-172; Amato, P.R., Father - Child relations, mother - Child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; Angoff, W.H., The nature-nurture debate, aptitudes, and group differences (1988) American Psychologist, 43, pp. 713-720; Baer, J., The effects of family structure and SES on family processes in early adolescence (1999) Journal of Adolescence, 22, pp. 341-354; Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A., The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, pp. 1173-1182; Beach, S.R.H., Sandeen, E.E., O'Leary, K.D., Depression in marriage: A model for etiology and treatment (1990) New York: Guilford Press; Belt, W., Abidin, R.R., The relation of childhood abuse and early parenting experiences to current marital quality in a nonclinical sample (1996) Child Abuse & Neglect, 20, pp. 1019-1030; Biller, H.B., Kimpton, J., The father and the school-aged child (1997) The role of the father in child development, pp. 143-161. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.). New York: Wiley; Buchanan, A., (1999) What works for troubled children: Family support for children with emotional and behavioural problems, , Ilford, England: Barnardo's; Burns, A., Dunlop, R., Parental divorce, parent - Child relations, and early adult relationships: A longitudinal Australian study (1998) Personal Relationships, 5, pp. 393-407; Bussell, D.A., Neiderhiser, J.M., Pike, A., Plomin, R., Simmens, S., Howe, G.W., Hetherington, E.M., Reiss, D., Adolescents' relationships to siblings and mothers: A multivariate genetic analysis (1999) Developmental Psychology, 35, pp. 1248-1259; Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, C.S., Bradley, R.H., Hofferth, S., Lamb, M.E., Fatherhood in the twenty-first century (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 127-136; Cano, A., Weisberg, J.N., Gallagher, R.M., Marital satisfaction and pain severity mediate the association between negative spouse responses to pain and depressive symptoms in a chronic pain patient sample (2000) Pain Medicine, 1, pp. 35-43; Clark, K.J., Kanoy, K., Parents' marital status, father - Daughter intimacy and young adult females' dating relationships (1998) Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 29, pp. 167-179; Coiro, M.J., Emery, R.E., Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? A quantitative and qualitative review (1998) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, pp. 23-40; Coleman, J.S., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (SUPPL.), pp. S95-S120; Cummings, E.M., Davies, P.T., Depressed parents and family funtioning: Interpersonal effects and children's functioning and development (1999) The interactional nature of depression: Advances in interpersonal approaches, pp. 299-327. , T. Joiner & J. C. Coyne (Eds.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Da Costa, D., Larouche, J., Dritsa, M., Brender, W., Variation in stress levels over the course of pregnancy: Factors associated with elevated hassles, state anxiety and pregnancy-specific stress (1999) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 47, pp. 609-621; Dadds, M.R., Atkinson, E., Turner, C., Blums, G.J., Lendich, B., Family conflict and child adjustment: Evidence for a cognitive - Contextual model of intergenerational transmission (1999) Journal of Family Psychology, 13, pp. 194-208; Davies, P.T., Cummings, E.M., Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis (1994) Psychological Bulletin, 116, pp. 387-411; Fagan, J., Iglesias, A., Father involvement program effects on fathers, father figures, and their Head Start children: A quasi-experimental study (1999) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 14, pp. 243-269; Feldman, S.S., Gowen, L.K., Fisher, L., Family relationships and gender as predictors of romantic intimacy in young adults: A longitudinal study (1998) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, pp. 263-286; Ferri, E., Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1993) London: National Children's Bureau; Flouri, E., Buchanan, A., Life satisfaction in teenage boys: The moderating role of father involvement and bullying (2002) Aggressive Behavior, 28, pp. 126-133; Franz, C.E., McClelland, D.C., Weineberger, J., Childhood antecedents of conventional social accomplishments in mid-life adults: A 35-year prospective study (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, pp. 586-595; Freeston, M.H., Plechaty, M., Reconsiderations of the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test: Is it still relevant for the 1990s? (1997) Psychological Reports, 81, pp. 419-434; Gagnon, M.D., Hersen, M., Kabacoff, R.I., Van Hasselt, V.B., Interpersonal and psychological correlates of marital dissatisfaction in late life: A preliminary report (1999) Clinical Psychology Review, 19, pp. 359-378; Gould, M.S., Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Garfinkel, R., Separation/divorce and child and adolescent completed suicide (1997) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, pp. 155-162; Graham, C.W., Fischer, J.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Bina, K., Parental status, social support, and marital adjustment (2000) Journal of Family Issues, 21, pp. 888-905; Grych, J.H., Fincham, F.D., Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitive - Contextual framework (1990) Psychological Bulletin, 108, pp. 267-290; Hammen, C., Rudolph, K., Weisz, J., Rao, U., Burge, D., The context of depression in clinic-referred youth: Neglected areas in treatment (1999) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, pp. 64-71; Herman, M.A., McHale, S.M., Coping with parental negativity: Links with parental warmth and child adjustment (1993) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14, pp. 121-130; Hill, J., Mackie, E., Banner, L., Kondryn, H., Blair, V., Relationship with Family of Origin Scale (REFAMOS). Interrater reliability and associations with childhood experiences (1999) The British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, pp. 565-570; Hoffman, M.L., Affective and cognitive processes in moral internalization (1983) Social cognition and social development: A sociocultural perspective, pp. 236-274. , E. T. Higgins, D. N. Ruble, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; Hurd, K.P., Wooding, S., Noller, P., Parent-adolescent relationships in families with depressed and self-harming adolescents (1999) Journal of Family Studies, 5, pp. 47-68; Hwang, C.P., Lamb, M.E., Father involvement in Sweden: A longitudinal study of its stability and correlates (1997) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, pp. 621-632; Kelly, J., Children's adjustment in conflicted marriage and divorce: A decade review of research (2000) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, pp. 963-997; Lamb, M.E., (1997) The role of the father in child development, , New York: Wiley; Locke, H.J., Wallace, K.M., Short marital adjustment and prediction tests: Their reliability and validity (1959) Marriage and Family Living, 21, pp. 251-255; Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Problems and solutions in longitudinal and experimental treatment studies of child psychopathology and delinquency (1994) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, pp. 887-900; Maccoby, E.E., Parenting and its effects on children: On reading and misreading behavior genetics (2000) Annual Review of Psychology, 51, pp. 1-27; Mahoney, A., Pargament, K.I., Jewell, T., Swank, A.B., Scott, E., Emery, E., Rye, M., Marriage and the spiritual realm: The role of proximal and distal religious constructs in marital functioning (1999) Journal of Family Psychology, 13, pp. 321-338; Matheson, J., Summerfield, C., (2000) Social trends, 30. , London, England: The Stationery Office; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: A longitudinal study (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 669-685; McElwain, N.L., Volling, B.L., Depressed mood and marital conflict: Relations to maternal and paternal intrusiveness with one-year-old infants (1999) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20, pp. 63-83; Factors associated with fathers' caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children (2000) Journal of Family Psychology, 14, pp. 200-219; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and class: The early years, , London, England: Chapman Hall; Russell, A., Saebel, J., Mother - Son, mother - Daughter, father - Son, and father - Daughter: Are they distinct relationships? (1997) Developmental Review, 17, pp. 111-147; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , London, England: Longman; Sanford, M., Szatmari, P., Spinner, M., Munroe-Blum, H., Jamieson, E., Walsh, C., Jones, D., Predicting the one-year course of adolescent major depression (1995) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, pp. 1618-1628; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (Ed.). London: National Children's Bureau; Turner, C.M., Barrett, P.M., Adolescent adjustment to perceived marital conflict (1998) Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, pp. 499-513; Van der Broucke, S., Vandereycken, W., Vertommen, H., Marital intimacy: Conceptualization and assessment (1995) Clinical Psychology Review, 15, pp. 217-233; Watson, G.S., Gross, A.M., Familial determinants (2000) Advanced abnormal child psychology, pp. 81-99. , M. Hersen & R. T. Ammerman (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; Wentzel, K.R., Family functioning and academic achievement in middle school: A social - Emotional perspective (1994) Journal of Early Adolescence, 14, pp. 268-291; Yongman, M.W., Kindlon, D., Earls, F., Father involvement and cognitive/behavioral outcomes of preterm infants (1995) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, pp. 58-66 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035983907&doi=10.1037%2f0893-3200.16.2.186&partnerID=40&md5=ef6ebe6b7e3374a9300670ebb2800b82 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height selection in a cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 325 IS - 7356 SP - 131 EP - 134 PY - 2002 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AU - Li, L. AD - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, PO Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel AB - Objectives: To investigate whether changing social structure and social mobility related to height generate (inflate) inequalities in height. Design: Longitudinal 1958 British birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants: 10 176 people born 3-9 March 1958 for whom data were available at age 33 years. Main outcome measures: Adult height and social class at age 33 years; class of origin (father's occupation when participant was 7 years old). Results: Adult height showed a social gradient with class at age 7 years and age 33 years. The difference in mean height between extreme groups was greater for class of origin than for adult class, reducing from 2.21 cm to 1.62 cm for men and from 2.18 cm to 1.74 cm for women. This narrowing inequality was due mainly to a decrease in mean height in classes I and II. This was because of the pattern of height related social mobility in which, for example, men moving into classes I and II were taller (mean 177.2 cm) than men remaining in class III manual (mean 176.1 cm) yet shorter than men with class I and II origins (mean 178.3 cm) and the relatively large number of individuals moving into classes I and II. Changes in the structure of society, seen here with the general trend of upward social mobility, have acted to diminish inequalities in adult height. Conclusions: The combination of changing social structure and height related mobility constrains, rather than inflates, inequalities in height and may lead to an underestimation of the role of childhood socioeconomic factors in the development of inequalities in adult disease. KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - outcomes research KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - social structure KW - society KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Social Class KW - Social Mobility N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 12130607 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: cpower@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Frankel, S., How policy informs the evidence (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 184-185; Macintyre, S., Chalmers, I., Horton, R., Smith, R., Using evidence to inform policy: Case study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 222-225; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., Whitehead, M., (1988) Inequalities in health: the Black report and the health divide, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; (1995) Variations in health: what can the department of health and the NHS do?, , HMSO: London; Smith, C.D., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 373-377; Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality (1984) Acta Med Scand Suppl, 679, pp. 1-56; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death - Specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Wannamethee, G., Height and social class in middle-aged British men (1988) J Epidemiol Community Health, 42, pp. 299-303; Yarnell, J.W.G., Limb, E.S., Layzell, J.M., Baker, I.A., Height: A risk marker for ischaemic heart disease: Prospective results from the Caerphilly and Speedwell heart disease studies (1992) Eur Heart J, 13, pp. 1602-1605; Leon, D.A., Smith, C.D., Shipley, M., Strachan, D., Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage? (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 5-9; Sorkin, J.D., Muller, D.C., Andres, R., Longitudinal changes in the heights of men and women: Consequential effects on body mass index (1999) Epidemiol Rev, 21, pp. 247-260; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the fifth follow-up of the national child development study, , London: National Children's Bureau; (1994) National Child Developrnent Study Composite File including selected Perinatal Data and sweeps one to five [computer file], , www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds/nhome.htm, Colchester: The Data Archive (SN: 3148); Elstad, J.I., Health-related mobility, health inequalities and gradient constraint (2001) Eur J Public Health, 11, pp. 135-140; Bartley, M., Plewis, I., Does health-selective mobility account for socioeconomic differences in health? Evidence from England and Wales, 1971 to 1991 (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 376-386 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037143041&partnerID=40&md5=b52ddb2ae8b4e56e1e4020efca66ee50 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood febrile convulsions - Which factors determine the subsequent epilepsy syndrome? A retrospective study T2 - Epilepsy Research J2 - Epilepsy Res. VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 283 EP - 292 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0920-1211(02)00083-9 SN - 09201211 (ISSN) AU - Trinka, E. AU - Unterrainer, J. AU - Haberlandt, E. AU - Luef, G. AU - Unterberger, I. AU - Niedermüller, U. AU - Haffner, B. AU - Bauer, G. AD - Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria AD - Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Innsbruck, Austria AD - Institut für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany AB - To analyze the spectrum of epilepsy syndromes which follow childhood febrile convulsions (FC) and to examine whether retrospective analysis of clinical features of the FC enables discrimination of patients who develop temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) from those who develop generalized epilepsy (GE). One hundred and thirteen patients with epilepsy and antecedent FC were retrospectively analyzed. We inquired in detail about the clinical characteristics of FC (age, duration, number, focal symptoms) as well as family history, birth history, neurological status, and psychomotor development before onset of FC. Forty five (39.8%) patients had TLE, 41 (36.6%) GE, and 27 (23.9%) had extratemporal epilepsy (ETE). Patients with TLE had a significantly longer duration of FC (P≤0.001), more often focal features (P≤0.001), and febrile status epilepticus (P≤0.001) than patients with GE. Age at FC, Number of FC, family history, birth history and neurological status at FC did not differ between groups. A stepwise discriminant model allowed correct assignment after cross validation in 84.2% to TLE and in 100% to GE. A broad spectrum of epilepsy syndromes follow FC. We found a strong association of prolonged and focal FC with later development of TLE. Short generalized FC were associated with GE. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Epilepsy KW - Febrile convulsions KW - Prolonged febrile convulsions KW - Temporal lobe epilepsy KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - birth KW - child KW - clinical feature KW - controlled study KW - disease course KW - disease duration KW - disease model KW - epilepsy KW - epileptic state KW - family history KW - febrile convulsion KW - female KW - generalized epilepsy KW - health status KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - psychomotor development KW - retrospective study KW - temporal lobe epilepsy KW - validation process KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Australia KW - Brain Injuries KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epilepsy, Generalized KW - Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe KW - Female KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Seizures, Febrile KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Syndrome N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPIRE C2 - 12200219 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Trinka, E.; Universitatsklinik fur Neurologie, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; email: eugen.trinka@uklibk.ac.at N1 - References: Abou-Khalil, B., Andermann, E., Andermann, F., Olivier, A., Quesney, L.F., Temporal lobe epilepsy after prolonged febrile convulsions: Excellent outcome after surgical treatment (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 878-883; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Elveback, L.R., Kurland, L.T., The risk of epilepsy following febrile convulsions (1979) Neurology, 29, pp. 297-303; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Shirts, S.B., Kurland, L.T., Factors prognostic of unprovoked seizures after febrile convulsions (1987) New Engl. J. Med., 316, pp. 493-498; Babb, T.L., Brown, W.J., Pretorius, J., Davenport, C., Lieb, J.P., Crandall, P.H., Temporal lobe volume cell densities in temporal lobe epilepsy (1984) Epilepsia, 25, pp. 729-740; Baulac, S., Gourfinkel-An, I., Picard, F., Rosenberg-Bourgin, M., Prud'homme, J.F., Baulac, M., Brice, A., LeGuern, E., A second locus for familial generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus maps to chromosome 2q21-q33 (1999) Am. J. Hum. Gen., 65, pp. 1078-1085; Baulac, S., Huberfeld, G., Gourfinkel-An, I., Mitropoulou, G., Beranger, A., Prud'homme, J.F., Baulac, M., LeGuern, E., First genetic evidence of GABA(A) receptor dysfunction in epilepsy: A mutation in the gamma2-subunit gene (2001) Nat. Genet., 28, pp. 46-48; Berg, A.T., Steinschneider, M., Kang, H., Shinnar, S., Classification of complex features of febrile seizures: Interrater agreement (1992) Epilepsia, 33, pp. 661-666; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Levy, S.R., Testa, F.M., Childhood-onset epilepsy with and without preceeding febrile seizures (1999) Neurology, 53, pp. 1742-1748; Camfield, P., Camfield, C., Gordon, K., Dooley, J., What types of epilepsy are preceeded by febrile seizures? A population-based study of children (1994) Dev. Med. Child. Neurol., 36, pp. 887-892; Cendes, F., Andermann, F., Dubeau, F., Gloor, P., Evans, A., Jones-Gotman, M., Olivier, A., Lopes-Cendes, I., Early childhood prolonged febrile convulsions, atrophy and sclerosis of mesial structures, and temporal lobe epilepsy: An MRI volumetric study (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. 1083-1087; Chen, K., Baram, T.Z., Soltesz, I., Febrile seizures in the developing brain result in persistent modification of neuronal excitability in limbic circuits (1999) Nat. Med., 5, pp. 888-894; Chen, K., Aradi, I., Thon, N., Eghbal-Ahmadi, M., Baram, T.Z., Soltesz, I., Persistently modified h-channels after complex febrile seizures convert the seizure-induced enhancement of inhibition to hyperexcitability (2001) Nat. Med., 7, pp. 331-337; Proposal for Revised Clinical and Electroencephalographic Classification of Epileptic Seizures (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 489-501; Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399; Davies, K.G., Hermann, B.P., Dohan F.C., Jr., Foley, K.T., Bush, A.J., Wyler, A.R., Relationship of hippocampal sclerosis to duration and age of onset of epilepsy and childhood febrile seizures in temporal lobectomy patients (1996) Epilepsy Res., 24, pp. 119-126; Dube, C., Chen, K., Eghbal-Ahmadi, M., Brunson, K., Soltesz, I., Baram, T.Z., Prolonged febrile seizures in the immature rat model enhance hippocampal excitability long term (2000) Ann. Neurol., 47, pp. 336-344; Dubeau, F., Andermann, F., Postencephalitic epilepsy (1992) Epilepsia, 33 (SUPPL. 3), p. 128. , Abstract; Earle, K.M., Baldwin, M., Penfield, W., Incisural sclerosis and temporal lobe seizures produced by hippocampal herniation at birth (1953) Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr., 69, pp. 27-42; Escayg, A., MacDonald, B.T., Meisler, M.H., Baulac, S., Huberfeld, G., An-Gourfinkel, I., Brice, A., Moulard, B., Mutations of SCN1A, encoding a neuronal sodium channel in two families with GEFS+2 (2000) Nat. Gen., 24, pp. 343-345; Falconer, M.A., Serafetinides, E.A., Corsellis, J.A.N., Etiology and pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsey (1964) Arch Neurol, 10, pp. 233-248; Fernández, G., Effenberger, O., Vinz, B., Steinlein, O., Elger, C.E., Dohring, W., Heinze, H.J., Hippocampal malformation as a cause of familial febrile convulsions and subsequent hippocampal sclerosis (1998) Neurology, 50, pp. 909-917; Freeman, J.M., Febrile seizures: A consensus of their significance, evaluation and treatment (1980) Pediatrics, 66, pp. 1009-1012; French, J.A., Williamson, P.D., Thadani, M., Darcey, T.M., Mattson, R.H., Spencer, S.S., Spencer, D.D., Characteristics of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: I. Results of history and physical examination (1993) Ann. Neurol., 34, pp. 774-780; Germano, I.M., Zhang, Y.F., Sperber, E.F., Moshe, S.L., Neuronal migration disorders increase susceptibility to hyperthermia-induced seizures in developing rats (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 902-910; Hamati-Haddad, A., Abou-Khalil, B., Epilepsy diagnosis and localization in patients with antecedent childhood febrile convulsions (1998) Neurology, 50, pp. 917-922; Hauser, W.A., Kurland, L.T., The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, MN, 1935-1967 (1975) Epilepsia, 16, pp. 1-66; Ho, S.S., Kuzniecky, R.I., Gilliam, F., Faught, E., Morawetz, R., Temporal lobe malformation and epilepsy: Dual pathology and bilateral hippocampal abnormalities (1998) Neurology, 50, pp. 748-757; Jensen, I., Temporal lobe epilepsy. Etiological factors and surgical results (1976) Acta Neurol. Scand., 53, pp. 103-118; Johnson, E.W., Dubovsky, J., Rich, S.S., O'Donovan, C.A., Orr, H.T., Anderson, V.E., Gil-Nagel, A., Weber, J.L., Evidence for a novel gene for familial febrile convulsions, FEB2, linked to chromosome 19p in an extended family from the Midwest (1998) Hum. Mol. Gen., 7, pp. 63-67; Knudsen, F.U., Febrile seizures: Treatment and prognosis (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 2-9; Kuks, J.B., Cook, M.J., Fish, D.R., Stevens, J.M., Shorvon, S.D., Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy and childhood febrile seizures (1993) Lancet, 342, pp. 1391-1394; Lee, K., Diaz, M., Melchior, J.C., Temporal lobe epilepsy - Not a consequence of childhood febrile convulsions in Denmark (1998) Acta Neurol. Scand., 63, pp. 231-236; Lennox-Buchthal, M.A., Febrile convulsions. A reappraisal electroencephalogr (1973) Clin. Neurophysiol., 32 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-138; Lerche, H., Weber, Y.G., Baier, H., Jurkat-Rott, K., Kraus de Camargo, O., Ludolph, A.C., Bode, H., Lehmann-Horn, F., Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. Further heterogeneity in a large family (2001) Neurology, 57, pp. 1191-1198; Lopes-Cendes, I., Scheffer, I.E., Berkovic, S.F., Rousseau, M., Andermann, E., Rouleau, G.A., A new locus for generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus maps to chromosome 2 (2000) Am. J. Hum. Gen., 66, pp. 698-701; MacDonald, B.K., Johnson, A.L., Sander, J.W.A.S., Febrile convulsions in 220 children - Neurological sequelae at 12 years follow-up (1999) Eur. Neurol., 41, pp. 179-186; Maher, J., McLachlan, R.S., Febrile convulsions. Is seizure duration the most important predictor of temporal lobe epilepsy (1995) Brain, 118, pp. 1521-1528; Moulard, B., Guipponi, M., Chaigne, D., Mouthon, D., Buresi, C., Malafosse, A., Identification of a new locus for generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) on chromosome 2q24-q33 (1999) Am. J. Hum. Gen., 65, pp. 1396-1400; Nakayama, J., Hamano, K., Iwasaki, N., Nakahara, S., Horigome, Y., Saitoh, H., Aoki, T., Arinami, T., Significant evidence for linkage of febrile seizures to chromosome 5q14-q15 (2000) Hum. Mol. Gen., 9, pp. 87-91; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prognosis in children with febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 720-727; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) New Engl. J. Med., 295, pp. 1029-1033; Ottman, R., Hauser, W.A., Susser, M., Validity of family history data on seizure disorders (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 469-475; Paillas, J.E., Aspectes cliniques de l'epilepsie temporale (1958) Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, pp. 411-439. , M. Baldwin, & P. Bailey. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; Peiffer, A., Thompson, J., Charlier, C., Otterud, B., Varvil, T., Pappas, C., Barnitz, C., A locus for febrile seizures (FEB3) maps to chromosome 2q23-24 (1999) Ann. Neurol., 46, pp. 671-678; Raymond, A.A., Fish, D.R., Stevens, J.M., Cook, M.J., Sisodiya, S.M., Shorvon, S.D., Association of hippocampal sclerosis with cortical dysgenesis in patients with epilepsy (1994) Neurology, 44, pp. 1841-1845; Rocca, W.A., Sharbrough, F.W., Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Schoenberg, B.S., Risk factors for generalized tonic clonic seizures: A population based case-control study in Rochester, MN (1987) Neurology, 37, pp. 1315-1322; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the national child development study (1980) Br. Med. J., 280, pp. 207-210; Sagar, H.J., Oxbury, J.M., Hippocampal loss in temporal lobe epilepsy: Correlation with early childhood convulsions (1987) Ann. Neurol., 22, pp. 334-340; Scheffer, I.E., Berkovic, S.F., Generalized febrile seizures plus. A genetic disorder with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes (1997) Brain, 120, pp. 479-490; Schmidt, D., Tsai, J.-J., Janz, D., Febrile seizures in patients with complex partial seizures (1985) Acta Neurol. Scand., 72, pp. 68-71; Schumann, S.H., Miller, L.J., Febrile convulsions in families: Findings in an epidemiological survey (1966) Clin. Pediatr. (Phila.), 5, pp. 604-608; Singh, R., Scheffer, I.E., Crossland, K., Berkovic, S.F., Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: A common childhood-onset genetic epilepsy syndrome (1999) Ann. Neurol., 45, pp. 75-81; Sofijanov, N., Sadikario, A., Dukovski, M., Kuturec, M., Febrile convulsions and later development of epilepsy (1983) Am. J. Dis. Child., 137, pp. 123-126; Theodore, W.H., Bhatia, S., Hatta, J., Fazilat, S., DeCarli, C., Bookheimer, S.Y., Gaillard, W.D., Hippocampal atrophy, epilepsy duration, and febrile seizures in patients with partial seizures (1999) Neurology, 52, pp. 132-136; Trinka, E., Dubeau, F., Andermann, F., Hui, A., Bastos, A., Li, L.M., Kohler, S., Olivier, A., Successful epilepsy surgery in catastrophic post-encephalitic epilepsy (2000) Neurology, 54, pp. 2170-2173; Trinka, E., Dubeau, F., Andermann, F., Bastos, A., Hui, A., Li, L.M., Kohler, S., Olivier, A., Clinical findings, imaging characteristics and outcome in catastrophic post-encephalitic epilepsy (2000) Epileptic Disorders, 2, pp. 153-162; Trinka, E., Unterrainer, J., Niedermüller, U., Haberlandt, E., Haffner, B., Luef, G., Unterberger, I., Bauer, G., Childhood febrile convulsions - Which factors determine the subsequent epilepsy syndrome (2001) Epilepsia, 42 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 139-140; Tsuboi, T., Endo, S., Febrile convulsions followed by nonfebrile convulsions: A clinical, electroencephalographic and follow up study (1977) Neuropädiatrie, 8, pp. 209-223; Tsuboi, T., Endo, S., Genetic studies of febrile convulsions: Analysis of twin and family data (1991) Epilepsy Res., 4 (SUPPL.), pp. 119-128; Van den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. I. Incidence of febrile and nonfebrile convulsions by age and other factors (1969) Pediatr. Res., 3, pp. 298-304; VanLandingham, K.E., Heinz, E.R., Cavazos, J.E., Lewis, D.V., Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of hippocampal injury after prolonged febrile convulsions (1998) Ann. Neurol., 43, pp. 413-426; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first 5 years of life (1985) Br. Med. J., 290, pp. 1307-1310; Verity, C.M., Golding, J., Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: A national cohort study (1991) Br. Med. J., 303, pp. 1373-1376; Wallace, S., Spontaneous fits after convulsions with fever (1977) Arch. Dis. Child., 52, pp. 192-196; Wallace, R.H., Berkovic, S.F., Howell, R.A., Sutherland, G.R., Mulley, J.C., Suggestion of a major gene for familial febrile convulsion mapping to 8q13-21 (1996) J. Med. Genet., 33, pp. 308-312; Wallace, R.H., Wang, D.W., Singh, R., Scheffer, I.E., George A.L., Jr., Phillips, H.A., Saar, K., Sutherland, G.R., Febrile seizures and generalized epilepsy associated with a mutation in the Na+-channel beta1 subunit gene SCN1B (1998) Nat. Genet., 19, pp. 366-370; Wallace, R.H., Scheffer, I.E., Barnett, S., Richards, M., Dibbens, L., Desai, R.R., Lerman-Saige, T., Berkovic, S.F., Neuronal sodium-channel alphal-subunit mutations in generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet., 68, pp. 859-865 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036635288&doi=10.1016%2fS0920-1211%2802%2900083-9&partnerID=40&md5=2553b49ecb7089dd411fb9929bb34585 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preconceptional factors associated with very low birthweight delivery inEast and West Berlin: A case control study T2 - BMC Public Health J2 - BMC Public Health VL - 2 SP - 1 EP - 8 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-2-10 SN - 14712458 (ISSN) AU - Grimmer, I. AU - Bührer, C. AU - Dudenhausen, J.W. AU - Stroux, A. AU - Reiher, H. AU - Halle, H. AU - Obladen, M. AD - Department of Neonatology, Charité Virchow Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany AD - Department of Obstetrics, Charité Virchow Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany AD - Department of Medical Informatics, Univ. Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University, Berlin, Germany AD - Department of Obstetrics, Friedrichshain Municipal Hospital, Berlin, Germany AD - Department of Obstetrics, Charité Campus Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany AB - Background: Very low birthweight, i.e. a birthweight < 1500 g, is among the strongest determinants of infant mortality and childhood morbidity. To develop primary prevention approaches to VLBW birth and its sequelae, information is needed on the causes of preterm birth, their personal and social antecedents, and on conditions associated with very low birthweight. Despite the growing body of evidence linking sociodemographic variables with preterm delivery, little is known as to how this may be extrapolated to the risk of very low birthweight. Methods: In 1992, two years after the German unification, we started to recruit two cohorts of very low birthweight infants and controls in East and West Berlin for a long-term neurodevelopmental study. The present analysis was undertaken to compare potential preconceptional risk factors for very low birthweight delivery in a case-control design including 166 mothers (82 East vs. 84 West Berlin) with very low birthweight delivery and 341 control mothers (166 East vs. 175 West). Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effects of various dichotomous parental covariates and their interaction with living in East or West Berlin. After backward variable selection, short maternal school education, maternal unemployment, single-room apartment, smoking, previous preterm delivery, and fetal loss emerged as significant main effect variables, together with living in West Berlin as positive effect modificator for single-mother status. Conclusion: Very low birthweight has been differentially associated with obstetrical history and indicators of maternal socioeconomic status in East and West Berlin. The ranking of these risk factors is under the influence of the political framework. KW - article KW - controlled study KW - female KW - fetus wastage KW - Germany KW - human KW - maternal behavior KW - multivariate logistic regression analysis KW - premature labor KW - questionnaire KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomics KW - very low birth weight KW - case control study KW - cohort analysis KW - demography KW - epidemiology KW - Germany KW - infant mortality KW - maternal welfare KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - premature labor KW - prevalence KW - statistical model KW - Berlin KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Causality KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Very Low Birth Weight KW - Logistic Models KW - Maternal Welfare KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature KW - Pregnancy KW - Prevalence KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors PB - BioMed Central Ltd. N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C7 - 1 C2 - 12095425 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bührer, C.; Department of Neonatology, Charité Virchow Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; email: christoph.buehrer@charite.de N1 - References: Wood, N.S., Marlow, N., Costeloe, K., Gibson, A.T., Wilkinson, A.R., Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth (2000) N Engl J Med, 343, pp. 378-384. , EPICure Study Group; Hack, M., Flannery, D.J., Schluchter, M., Cartar, L., Borawski, E., Klein, N., Outcomes in young adulthood for very-low-birth-weight infants (2002) N Engl J Med, 346, pp. 149-157; Villar, J., Farnot, U., Barros, F., Victora, C., Langer, A., Belizan, J.M., A randomized trial of psychosocial support during high-risk pregnancies. The Latin American Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Research (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1266-1271; Grimes, D.A., Schulz, K.F., Randomized controlled trials of home uterine activity monitoring: A review and critique (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 137-142; Lumley, J., The epidemiology of preterm birth (1993) Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 7, pp. 477-498; Berkowitz, G.S., Papiernik, É., Epidemiology of preterm birth (1993) Epidemiol Rev, 15, pp. 414-443; Guyer, B., Hoyert, D.L., Martin, J.A., Ventura, S.J., MacDorman, M.F., Strobino, D.M., Annual summary of vital statistics - 1998 (1999) Pediatrics, 104, pp. 1229-1246; Lieberman, E., Ryan, K.J., Monson, R.R., Schoenbaum, S.C., Risk factors accounting for racial differences in the rate of premature birth (1987) N Engl J Med, 317, pp. 743-748; Kleinman, J.C., Kessel, S.S., Racial differences in low birth weight. Trends and risk factors (1987) NEnglJMed, 317, pp. 749-753; Berg, C.J., Wilcox, L.S., D'Almada, P.J., The prevalence of socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics and their impact on very low birth weight in black and white infants in Georgia (2001) Matern Child Health J, 5, pp. 75-84; Rawlings, J.S., Weir, M.R., Race- and rank-specific infant mortality in a US military population (1992) Am J Dis Child, 146, pp. 313-316; Singh, G.K., Yu, S.M., Adverse pregnancy outcomes: Differences between US- and foreign-born women in major US racial and ethnic groups (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 837-843; David, R.J., Collins, J.W., Differing birth weight among infants of U.S.-born blacks, African-born blacks, and U.S.-born whites (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 1209-1214; Verkerk, P.H., Zaadstra, B.M., Reerink, J.D., Herngreen, W.P., Verloove Vanhorick, S.P., Social class, ethnicity and other risk factors for small for gestational age and preterm delivery in The Netherlands (1994) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 53, pp. 129-134; Ancel, P.Y., Saurel Cubizolles, M.J., Di Renzo, G.C., Papiernik, É., Breart, G., Social differences of very preterm birth in Europe: Interaction with obstetric history (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 908-915. , Europop Group; Peacock, J.L., Bland, J.M., Anderson, H.R., Preterm delivery: Effects of socioeconomic factors, psychological stress, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 531-535; Nolte, E., Brand, A., Koupilová, I., McKee, M., Neonatal and postneonatal mortality in Germany since unification (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 84-90; Dulon, M., Kersting, M., Schach, S., Duration of breastfeeding and associated factors in Western and Eastern Germany (2001) Acta Pædiatr, 90, pp. 931-935; Heiser, A., Curcin, O., Luhr, C., Grimmer, I., Metze, B., Obladen, M., Parental and professional agreement in developmental assessment of very-low-birthweight and term infants (2000) Dev Med Child Neurol, 42, pp. 21-24; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., Model-building strategies and methods for logistic regression (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, pp. 82-118. , John Wiley & Sons, New York; Basso, O., Olsen, J., Christensen, K., Low birthweight and prematurity in relation to paternal factors: A study of recurrence (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, pp. 695-700; Leong, W.P., Viegas, O.A., Ratnam, S.S., Premature childbirth: Social and behavioural risks in Singapore (1993) J Biosoc Sci, 25, pp. 465-472; Olsen, P., Laara, E., Rantakallio, P., Jarvelin, M.R., Sarpola, A., Hartikainen, A.L., Epidemiology of preterm delivery in two birth cohorts with an interval of 20 years (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 1184-1193; Nordentoft, M., Lou, H.C., Hansen, D., Nim, J., Pryds, O., Rubin, P., Hemmingsen, R., Intrauterine growth retardation and premature delivery: The influence of maternal smoking and psychosocial factors (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 347-354; Algert, C., Roberts, C., Adelson, P., Frommer, M., Low birth-weight in NSW, 1987: A population-based study (1993) Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 33, pp. 243-248; Basso, O., Olsen, J., Christensen, K., Risk of preterm delivery, low birthweight and growth retardation following spontaneous abortion: A registry-based study in Denmark (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 642-646; Malloy, M.H., Risk of previous very low birth weight and very preterm infants among women delivering a very low birth weight and very preterm infant (1999) J Perinatol, 19, pp. 97-102; Meis, P.J., Michielutte, R., Peters, T.J., Wells, H.B., Sands, R.E., Coles, E.C., Johns, K.A., Factors associated with preterm birth in Cardiff, Wales. I. Univariable and multivariable analysis (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 173, pp. 590-596; Orr, S.T., James, S.A., Miller, C.A., Barakat, B., Daikoku, N., Pupkin, M., Engstrom, K., Huggins, G., Psychosocial stressors and low birth-weight in an urban population (1996) Am J Prev Med, 12, pp. 459-466; Cnattingius, S., Granath, F., Petersson, G., Harlow, B.L., The influence of gestational age and smoking habits on the risk of subsequent preterm deliveries (1999) N Engl J Med, 341, pp. 943-948; Rodriguez, C., Regidor, E., Gutierrez Fisac, J.L., Low birth weight in Spain associated with sociodemographic factors (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 38-42; Wildschut, H.I., Nas, T., Golding, J., Are sociodemographic factors predictive of preterm birth? A reappraisal of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104, pp. 57-63; Goldenberg, R.L., Iams, J.D., Mercer, B.M., Meis, P.J., Moawad, A.H., Copper, R.L., Das, A., Bottoms, S.F., The preterm prediction study: The value of new vs standard risk factors in predicting early and all spontaneous preterm births (1998) Am J Public Health, 88, pp. 233-238. , NICHD MFMU Network; Ancel, P.Y., Saurel-Cubizolles, M.J., Di Renzo, G.C., Papiernik, É., Breart, G., Very and moderate preterm births: Are the risk factors different? (1999) Br J Obstret Gynaecol, 106, pp. 1162-1170; Rauh, V.A., Andrews, H.F., Garfinkel, R.S., The contribution of maternal age to racial disparities in birthweight: A multilevel perspective (2001) Am J Public Health, 91, pp. 1815-1824 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18744399021&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2458-2-10&partnerID=40&md5=056c5843d9e70ce6e4328acca15a62a2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are impaired childhood motor skills a risk factor for adolescent anxiety? Results from the 1958 U.K. birth cohort and the National Child Development Study T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Am. J. Psychiatry VL - 159 IS - 6 SP - 1044 EP - 1046 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.1044 SN - 0002953X (ISSN) AU - Sigurdsson, E. AU - Van Os, J. AU - Fombonne, E. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali-University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland AB - Objective: Neurodevelopmental impairments have been associated with early-onset schizophrenia, early-onset bipolar disorder, and childhood-onset affective disorder. The authors investigated whether delayed childhood motor skills predicted persistent anxiety in adolescence among 6,850 subjects from a national 1958 U.K. birth cohort. Method: This historic cohort study used data from the National Child Development Study that was collected when its subjects were 7, 11, and 16 years old. Results: Boys with poor motor skills had more than threefold the odds of maternally rated anxiety at the ages of 11 and 16, but no effect was observed for girls. Conclusions: Childhood motor impairment was strongly associated with persistent anxiety among male, but not among female, adolescents. The effect modification by sex was greater than expected, as was the effect size for boys. Both findings warrant replication and further examination. KW - adolescent KW - anxiety neurosis KW - article KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - female KW - human KW - information processing KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - motor performance KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - school child KW - sex difference KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Anxiety Disorders KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Motor Skills Disorders KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :67 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPSA C2 - 12042195 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sigurdsson, E.; Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali-University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; email: engilbs@landspitali.is N1 - References: Van Os, J., Jones, P., Lewis, G., Wadsworth, M., Murray, R.M., Developmental precursors of affective illness in a general population birth cohort (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 625-631; Sigurdsson, E., Fombonne, E., Sayal, K., Checkley, S., Neurodevelopmental antecedents of early-onset bipolar affective disorder (1999) Br J Psychiatry, 174, pp. 121-127; Rapoport, J.L., The development of neurodevelopmental psychiatry (2000) Am J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 159-161; Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., Ford, T., (2000) The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in Great Britain, , http://www.statistics.gov.uk, London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Shepherd, P., The National Child Development Study: An introduction to the background of the study and the methods of data collection (1985) NCDS Working Paper 1, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk, London, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036272387&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ajp.159.6.1044&partnerID=40&md5=741c77a88de17f1ec134930b49562194 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Father involvement in childhood and trouble with the police in adolescence: Findings from the 1958 British cohort T2 - Journal of Interpersonal Violence J2 - J. Interpers. Violence VL - 17 IS - 6 SP - 689 EP - 701 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1177/0886260502017006006 SN - 08862605 (ISSN) AU - Flouri, E. AU - Buchanan, A. AD - Department of Social Policy, St Hilda's College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AB - This longitudinal study investigated the role of early father involvement (at age 7) in juvenile delinquency controlling for the effect of mother involvement at age 7 and other risk and protective factors. For both genders, family size in childhood and low academic motivation in adolescence were positively related to trouble with the police at age 16. Uniquely for boys, IQ and father Involvement were negatively related to trouble with the police. Trouble with the police in adolescence was also related with non-intact family structure in childhood in girls, and with parental criminality in boys. N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Department of Social Policy, St Hilda's College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 1031-1042; Biller, H.B., Lopez Kimpton, J., The father and the school-aged child (1997) The Role of the Father in Child Development, pp. 143-161. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.), New York: John Wiley; Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-Lemonda, S., Bradley, R.H., Hofferth, S., Lamb, M.E., Fatherhood in the twenty-first century (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 127-136; Coiro, M.J., Emery, R.E., Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? A quantitative and qualitative review (1998) Clinical Child and Family Review, 1, pp. 23-40; DeKlyen, M., Speltz, M.L., Greenberg, M.T., Fathering and early onset conduct problems: Positive and negative parenting, father-son attachment, and the marital context (1998) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, pp. 3-21; Dodge, K.A., Lochman, J.E., Social-cognitive processes of severely violent, moderately aggressive and non-aggressive boys (1994) Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 62, pp. 366-374; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Fagan, J., Iglesias, A., Father involvement program effects on fathers, father figures, and their head start children: A quasi-experimental study (1999) Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 14, pp. 243-269; Farrington, D.P., Early predictors of adolescent aggression and adult violence (1989) Violence and Victims, 4, pp. 79-100; Farrington, D.P., Early developmental prevention of juvenile delinquency (1994) Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 4, pp. 209-227; Farrington, D.P., The development of offending and antisocial behaviour from childhood: Key findings from the Cambridge study in delinquent development (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 929-964; Farrington, D.P., Barnes, G.C., Lambert, S., The concentration of offending in families (1996) Legal and Criminological Psychology, 1, pp. 47-63; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Prospective childhood predictors of deviant peer affiliations in adolescence (1999) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, pp. 581-592; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Goetting, A., The parenting-crime connection (1994) Journal of Primary Prevention, 14, pp. 169-186; Goodman, R., Stevenson, J., A twin study of hyperactivity: I. An examination of hyperactivity scores and categories derived from Rutter teacher and parent questionnaires. II. The aetiological role of genes, family relationships, and perinatal adversity (1989) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, pp. 671-710; Hart, E.J., Lahey, B.B., Loeber, R., Hanson, K.S., Criterion validity of informants in the diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorders in children: A preliminary study (1994) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, pp. 410-414; Hinshaw, S., Externalizing behaviour problems and academic under-achievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms (1992) Psychological Bulletin, 111, pp. 127-155; Criminal careers of those born in 1953 (1987) Home Office Statistical Bulletin, , London: Home Office; Criminal and custodial careers of those born in 1953, 1958 and 1963 (1989) Home Office Statistical Bulletin, , London: Home Office; Juby, H., Farrington, D.P., Disentangling the link between disrupted families and delinquency (2001) British Journal of Criminology, 41, pp. 22-40; Lamb, M.E., The changing role of fathers (1986) The Father's Role: Applied Perspectives, pp. 3-27. , M. E. Lamb (Ed.), New York: John Wiley; Laucht, M., Esser, G., Baving, L., Gerhold, M., Hoesch, I., Ihle, W., Behavioral sequelae of perinatal insults and early family adversity at 8 years of age (2000) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1229-1237; Loeber, R., Hay, D., Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood (1997) Annual Review of Psychology, 48, pp. 371-410; Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Prediction (1987) Handbook of Juvenile Delinquency, pp. 325-382. , H. C. Quay (Ed), New York: John Wiley; Lyons-Ruth, K., Attachment relationships among children with aggressive behavior problems: The role of disorganized attachment patterns (1996) Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 64, pp. 64-73; Maccoby, E.E., Parenting and its effects on children: On reading and misreading behavior genetics (2000) Annual Review of Psychology, 51, pp. 1-27; Marsiglio, W., Amato, P., Daly, R.D., Lamb, M.E., Scholarship on fatherhood in the 1990s and beyond (2000) Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, pp. 1173-1191; Moffitt, T.E., Lynam, D., Silva, P.A., Neuropsychological tests predict persistent male delinquency (1994) Criminology, 32, pp. 101-124; Factors associated with fathers' caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children (2000) Journal of Family Psychology, 14, pp. 200-219; Perry, D.G., Perry, L.C., Boldizar, J.P., Learning of aggression (1990) Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, , M. Lewis & S. M. Miller (Eds.), New York: Plenum; Phares, V., (1996) Fathers and Developmental Psychopathology, , New York: John Wiley; Piacentini, J.C., Cohen, P., Cohen, J., Combining discrepant diagnostic information from multiple sources: Are complex algorithms better than simple ones? (1992) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, pp. 51-63; Pidgeon, D.A., Tests used in 1954 and 1957 surveys (1966) The Home and the School, pp. 129-132. , J.W.B. Douglas (Ed.), London: Macgibbon & Kee; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman Hall; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Scott, S., Aggressive behaviour in childhood (1998) British Medical Journal, 316, pp. 202-206; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Fern (Ed.), London: National Children's Bureau; Simons, R.L., Lin, K.H., Gordon, L.C., Conger, R.D., Lorenz, F.O., Explaining the higher incidence of adjustment problems among children of divorce compared with those in two-parent families (1999) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, pp. 1020-1033; Smith, P.K., Bullying and harassment in schools and the rights of children (2000) Children & Society, 14, pp. 294-303; (2000) Social Trends, , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Taylor, J., McGue, M., Iacono, W.G., Sex differences, assortative mating, and cultural transmission effects on adolescent delinquency: A twin family study (2000) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, pp. 433-440; Webster-Stratton, C., Early onset conduct problems: Does gender make a difference? (1996) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, pp. 540-551 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036095295&doi=10.1177%2f0886260502017006006&partnerID=40&md5=28ad8d2e1beefc1b88ec198b66c2d887 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An analysis of the crime as work model: Evidence from the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort Study T2 - Journal of Human Resources J2 - J. Hum. Resour. VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 479 EP - 509 PY - 2002 SN - 0022166X (ISSN) AU - Williams, J. AU - Sickles, R.C. AD - University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia AB - This paper builds on the neoclassical model of time allocation introduced by Gronau (1977), and revisited in the context of crime as work by Groger (1998), by disaggregating the types of capital characterizing an individual to include social and criminal capital in addition to traditional human capital. The combination of juvenile and adult arrest data, labor market, and background variables make the sample we analyze, the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort Study, especially well-suited to examining the relative importance of these aspects of individual capital. We find that human capital measures such as number of years of schooling have a significant impact on criminal choice in adulthood. We find that social capital measures such as peer influences during youth are also key predictors of criminality. KW - crime N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Williams, J.; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; email: jenny.williams@adelaide.edu.au N1 - References: Akerlof, G., Yellen, J., Gang behavior, law enforcement and community value (1994) Values and Public Policy, pp. 173-209. , ed. Henry Aaron, Thomas Mann, and Timothy Taylor, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institute; Akerlof, G., Social distance and social decisions (1997) Econometrica, 65 (5), pp. 1005-1027; Akerlof, G., Men without children (1998) The Economic Journal, 108 (447), pp. 287-309; Anderson, E., (1999) Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City, , New York: W.W. Norton; Anderson, E., (1990) Streetwise: Race, Class and Change in an Urban Community, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Becker, G., Crime and punishment: An economic approach (1968) Journal of Political Economy, 76 (2), pp. 169-217; Becker, G., (1991) A Treatise on the Family, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Becker, G., (1996) Accounting for Tastes, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Butler, J.S., Moffit, R., A computationally efficient quadrature procedure for the one factor multinomial probit model (1982) Econometrica, 50 (3), pp. 761-764; Case, A., Katz, L., (1991) The Company You Keep: The Effects of Family and Neighborhood on Disadvantaged Youths, , Working Paper No.3705. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research; Coleman, J., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. S95-S120. , Supplement: Organizations and Institutions: Sociological and Economic Approaches to the Analysis of Social Structure; DeGraaf, N.D., Flap, H.D., With a little help from my friends, social resources as an explanation of occupational status and income in West Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States (1988) Social Forces, 67 (2), pp. 452-472; Eckstein, Z., Wolpin, K., Why youths drop out of high school: The impact of preferences, oppurtunities and abilities (1999) Econometrica, 67 (6), pp. 1295-1339; Ehrlich, I., Participation in illegitimate activities: A theoretical and empirical investigation (1973) Journal of Political Economy, 81 (3), pp. 521-565; Farrington, D., Self reports of deviant behavior: Predictive and stable? (1973) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 64 (1), pp. 99-110; Figlio, R., Tracy, P., Wolfgang, M., (1991) Delinquency in A Birth Cohort II: Philadelphia 1958-1986: Computer File. Second Release, , Philadelphia, Pa.: Sellin Center for Studies in Criminology and Criminal Law and National Analysts, Division of Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc.: Producers, 1990. Ann Arbor, Mich.: ICPSR; Figlio, R., Self-reported and officially defined offenses in the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort (1994) NATO ASI, Series D, Behavioural and Social Sciences, 76, pp. 267-280; Freeman, R., Crime and unemployment (1983) Crime and Public Policy, 89. , ed. James Wilson, San Francisco: ICS Press; Freeman, R., Crime and the economic status of disadvantaged young men (1991) Mimeo. Conference on Urban Labor Markets and Labor Mobility, , Virginia: Arlie House; Freeman, R., Why do so many young American men commit crimes and what might we do about it? (1996) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10 (1), pp. 25-42; Glaeser, E., Sacerdote, B., Scheinkman, J., Crime and social interactions (1996) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 3 (2), pp. 507-548; Glaeser, E., Laibson, D., Sacerdote, B.P., (2000) The Economic Approach to Social Capital, , Working Paper No.7728. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research; Good, D., Pirog-Good, M., Sickles, R., An analysis of youth crime and employment patterns (1986) Journal of Quantitative Criminality, 2 (3), pp. 219-235; Grogger, J., Market wages and youth crime (1998) Journal of Labor Economics, 16 (4), pp. 765-791; Gronau, R., Leisure, home poduction, and work: The theory of the allocation of time revisited (1977) Journal of Political Economy, 85 (6), pp. 10909-1123; Heckman, J., Sample selection bias as a specification error (1979) Econometrica, 47 (1), pp. 153-161; Hindelang, M., Hirschi, T., Weiss, J., Correlates of delinquency: The illusion of discrepancy between self-report and official measures (1979) American Sociological Review, 44 (6), pp. 995-1014; Keane, M., Wolpin, K., Career decisions of young men (1997) Journal of Political Economy, 105 (3), pp. 473-522; Laub, J., Sampson, R., Turning points in the life course: Why change matters to the study of crime (1993) Criminology, 31 (3), pp. 301-325; Lin, N., Social resources and social mobility: A structural theory of status attainment (1990) Social Mobility and Social Structure, , ed. Ronald Breiger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Rosenzweig, M., Wolpin, K., Are there increasing returns to the intergenerational production of human capital? Maternal schooling and child intellectual achievement (1994) Journal of Human Resources, 29 (2), pp. 670-693; Sah, R., Social osmosis and patterns of crime (1991) Journal of Political Economy, 99 (6), pp. 1272-1295; Sampson, R., Laub, J., Crime and deviance over the life course: The salience of adult social bonds (1990) American Sociological Review, 55 (5), pp. 609-626; Sampson, R., Crime and deviance in the life course (1992) Annual Review of Sociology, 18 (1), pp. 63-84; Schmidt, P., Witte, A., (1984) An Economic Analysis of Crime and Justice, , New York: Academic Press; Sherman, L., Gottfredson, D., MacKenzie, D., Eck, J., Reuter, P., Bushway, S., (1997) Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't What's Promising, , A report to the United States Congress in collaboration with members of the Graduate Program Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. University of Maryland; Sickles, R., Schmidt, P., Witte, A., An application of the simultaneous tobit model: A study of the determinants of criminal recidivism (1979) Journal of Economics and Business, 31 (3), pp. 166-171; Sickles, R., Taubman, P., An analysis of the health and retirement status of the elderly (1986) Econometrica, 54 (6), pp. 1339-1356; Sickles, R., Mortality and morbidity among adults and the elderly (1997) Handbook of Population and Family Economics, pp. 559-643. , ed. Mark Rosenzweig and Oded Stark, Amsterdam: North-Holland; Tauchen, H., Witte, A.D., Griesinger, H., Criminal deterrence: Revisiting the issue with a birth cohort (1994) Review of Economics and Statistics, 76 (3), pp. 399-412; Tracy, P., Race and class differences in official and self-reported delinquency (1987) From Boy to Man, from Delinquency to Crime, pp. 87-121. , ed. Wolfgang, Marvin, Terrence Thornberry, and Robert Figlio, Chicago: Chicago Press; Visher, C., Roth, J., Participation in criminal careers (1986) Criminal Careers and Career Criminals, 1, pp. 211-291. , ed. Alfred Blumstein, Washington D.C.: National Academy Press; Witte, A.D., Estimating the economic model of crime with individual data (1980) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 94 (1), pp. 57-87; Witte, A., Tauchen, H., Work and crime: An exploration using panel data (1994) Public Finance, 49 (SUPPL.), pp. 155-167; Wolfgang, M., Thornberry, T., Figlio, R., (1987) From Boy to Man, from Delinquency to Crime, , Chicago: Chicago Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036614297&partnerID=40&md5=821be378f0694b0fd8b6b2f5195862aa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fetal environment and subsequent obesity: A study of maternal smoking T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 413 EP - 419 PY - 2002 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Jefferis, B.J.M.H. AD - Institute of Child Health, Ctr. for Paedia. Epidemiol./Biostat., 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. The intrauterine environment may influence the development of obesity, but as yet, the long-term effect of growth in utero is unclear. We studied maternal smoking during pregnancy to gain insight on how an insult affecting fetal growth might subsequently influence obesity risk through childhood to age 33. Methods. Data from the 1958 British birth cohort (all births in England, Wales and Scotland, 3-9 March 1958), including body mass index (BMI), maternal smoking during pregnancy and several potential confounding factors. We assessed obesity risk at ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 associated with maternal smoking. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for obesity at age 33 were estimated for 2918 men and 2921 women with complete data. Results. Infants of mothers who smoked in pregnancy were lighter at birth than infants of non-smokers, but from adolescence (age 11 for females, 16 for males) they had an increased risk of being in the fattest decile of BMI. The OR for obesity associated with maternal smoking increased with age, suggesting strengthening of the relationship over time. At age 33 the OR was 1.56 (95% CI : 1.22-2.00) for men and 1.41 (95% CI : 1.12-1.79) for women. This was robust to adjustment for factors in early life, childhood and adulthood. Conclusions. An elevated risk of obesity among the offspring of smokers was not accounted for by other known influences. Findings are consistent with a long-term effect of intrauterine environment on adiposity, possibly through fetal nutrition, although other mechanisms should be investigated in future studies of obesity. KW - Adult KW - Body mass index KW - Child KW - Cohort studies KW - Critical period KW - Fetal origins KW - Growth KW - Obesity KW - Pregnancy KW - Smoking KW - health status KW - pregnancy KW - smoking KW - weight KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - child KW - child nutrition KW - childbirth KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - fetus development KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mother fetus relationship KW - obesity KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - risk factor KW - United Kingdom KW - uterus KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Causality KW - Child KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :238 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 11980805 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Institute of Child Health, Ctr. for Paedia. Epidemiol./Biostat., 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: (1998) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, , World Health Organization Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. Geneva: WHO; Must, A., Spadano, J., Coakley, E.H., Field, A.E., Colditz, G., Dietz, W.H., The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1523-1529; Whitaker, R.C., Dietz, W.H., Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity (1998) J. Pediatr, 132, pp. 768-776; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 23 (SUPPL. 8), pp. S1-S107; Ravelli, G.P., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy (1976) N. Engl. J. Med, 295, pp. 349-353; Ravelli, A.C., Der Meulen, J.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Bleker, O.P., Obesity at the age of 50 years in men and women exposed to famine prenatally (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 70, pp. 811-816; Parsons, T., Power, C., Manor, O., Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort: A longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1331-1335; Simpson, W.J., Linda, L., A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity (1957) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol, 73, pp. 808-815; Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull. World Health Organ, 65, pp. 663-737; Vik, T., Jacobsen, G., Vatten, L., Bakketeig, L.S., Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy (1996) Early Hum. Dev, 45, pp. 245-255; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Sowan, N.A., Stember, M.L., Parental risk factors for infant obesity (2000) MCN Am. J. Matern. Child Nurs, 25, pp. 234-240; Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: Ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 897-900; Ferri, E., Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1993), (ed.). London: National Children's Bureau; National Child Development Study Composite File Including Selected Perinatal Data and Sweeps One to Five (1994), p. 3148. , Centre for Longitudinal Studies IoE [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. The Data Archive distributor. SN; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int. J. Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: Executive summary. Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight in Adults (1998) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 68, pp. 899-917; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1969), (eds) London & Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone Ltd; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 2nd Edn. London: Institute of Education; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Ross, E.M., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: Its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality (1972) BMJ, 2, pp. 127-130; Nafstad, P., Jaakkola, J.J., Hagen, J.A., Weight gain during the first year of life in relation to maternal smoking and breast feeding in Norway (1997) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 51, pp. 261-265; Conter, V., Cortinovis, I., Rogari, P., Riva, L., Weight growth in infants born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 768-771; Blake, K.V., Gurrin, L.C., Evans, S.F., Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight and subsequent blood pressure in early childhood (2000) Early Hum. Dev, 57, pp. 137-147; Paneth, N., Susser, M., Early origin of coronary heart disease (the 'Barker hypothesis') (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 411-412; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N. Engl. J. Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Golding, J., Haslum, M., Morris, A.C., What do our ten-year old children eat? (1984) Health Visitor, 57, pp. 178-179; (1989) The Diets of British Schoolchildren, , Department of Health. RHSS 36. London: HMSO; Gregory, J., Lowe, S., National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Young People aged 4-18 Years (2000), 1. , Report of the Diet and Nutrition Survey. London: Stationery Office; Berkey, C.S., Rockett, H.R., Field, A.E., Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. E56; Dietz W.H., Jr., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; Stanner, S.A., Bulmer, K., Andres, C., Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1342-1348. , [see comments]; Jacobson, J.L., Jacobson, S.W., Sokol, R.J., Effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, smoking, and illicit drugs on postpartum somatic growth (1994) Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res, 18, pp. 317-323; Dunn, H.G., McBurney, A.K., Ingram, S., Hunter, C.M., Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the child's subsequent development: I. Physical growth to the age of 6 1/2 years (1976) Can. J. Public Health, 67, pp. 499-505; Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Hebel, J.R., Prenatal exposure to tobacco: I. Effects on physical growth at age three (1990) Int. J. Epidemiol, 19, pp. 66-71; Prentice, A.M., Jebb, S.A., Obesity in Britain: Gluttony or sloth? (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 437-439; Horta, B.L., Victora, C.G., Menezes, A.M., Halpern, R., Barros, F.C., Low birthweight, preterm births and intrauterine growth retardation in relation to maternal smoking (1997) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol, 11, pp. 140-151; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) BMJ, pp. 573-575. , 892; Rantakallio, P., A follow-up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1983) Acta Paediatr. Scand, 72, pp. 747-753; Fogelman, K.R., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development in to early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Ounsted, M., Sleigh, G., The infant's self-regulation of food intake and weight gain. Difference in metabolic balance after growth constraint or acceleration in utero (1975) Lancet, 1, pp. 1393-1397; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis (1992) Diabetologia, 35, pp. 595-601 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036106163&partnerID=40&md5=a1016baec762a3004a31bf96d63ca1fe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leg and trunk length at 43 years in relation to childhood health, diet and family circumstances; Evidence from the 1946 national birth cohort T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 383 EP - 390 PY - 2002 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AU - Hardy, R.J. AU - Paul, A.A. AU - Marshall, S.F. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Background. This is a study of the associations of adult leg and trunk length with early life height and weight, diet, socioeconomic circumstances, and health, and parental height, divorce and death. Method. The data used were collected in a longitudinal study of the health, development and ageing of a British national birth cohort (N = 2879 in this analysis) studied since birth in 1946. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the relationships. Results. Adult leg and trunk length were each positively associated with parental height, birthweight, and weight at 4 years. Leg length was associated positively with breastfeeding and energy intake at 4 years. Trunk length was associated negatively with serious illness in childhood and possibly also parental divorce, but not with the dietary data. Conclusion. Adult leg length is particularly sensitive to environmental factors and diet in early childhood because that is the period of most rapid leg growth. Trunk growth is faster than leg growth after infancy and before puberty, and may be associated with the effects of serious illness and parental separation because of the child's growing sensitivity to stressful circumstances, as well as the result of the biological effects of illness. KW - Child health KW - Diet KW - Leg length KW - Trunk length KW - diet KW - health status KW - standard of living KW - adult KW - anthropometric parameters KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body weight KW - breast feeding KW - caloric intake KW - child KW - child development KW - child growth KW - child health KW - childhood disease KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - diet KW - disease severity KW - divorce KW - emotional stress KW - environmental factor KW - family KW - female KW - human KW - leg length KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - multiple regression KW - parent KW - priority journal KW - puberty KW - statistical model KW - trunk KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet KW - Divorce KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Leg KW - Single-Parent Family KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sociology, Medical KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :215 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 11980800 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wadsworth, M.; MRC National Survey of Health/Devt., Royal Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: m.wadsworth@ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Phillips, A.N., Cook, D.G., Short stature, lung function and risk of a heart attack (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol, 18, pp. 602-606; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Serious illness in childhood and its association with later life achievements (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, pp. 50-74. , Wilkinson RG (ed.). London: Tavistock Publications; Vatten, L.J., Kvinnsland, S., Body height and risk of breast cancer: A prospective study of 23 831 Norwegian women (1990) Br. J. Cancer, 61, pp. 881-885; Davey Smith, G., Greenwood, R., Gunnell, D., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Elwood, P., Leg length, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk: The Caerphilly Study (2001) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 55, pp. 1-6; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in pre-war Britain (1998) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 52, pp. 142-152; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Holly, J.M.P., Frankel, S., Leg length and risk of cancer in the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 1350-1351; Borkan, G.A., Hults, D.E., Glynn, R.J., Role of longitudinal change and secular trend in age differences in male body dimensions (1983) Hum. Biol, 55, pp. 629-641; Buschang, P.H., Malina, R.M., Little, B.B., Linear growth of Zapotec school-children: Growth status and yearly velocity for leg length and sitting height (1986) Ann. Hum. Biol, 13, pp. 225-233; Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Fellowes, H.M., A longitudinal study of growth in Newcastle upon Tyne adolescents (1983) Ann. Hum. Biol, 10, pp. 125-133; Gunnell, D.J., Smith, G.D., Frankel, S.J., Kemp, M., Peters, T.J., Socioeconomic and dietary influences on leg length and trunk length in childhood: A reanalysis of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in prewar Britain (1937-39) (1998) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol, 12 (SUPPL. I), pp. 96-113; Scrimshaw, N.S., Behar, M., Malnutrition in underdeveloped countries (1965) N. Engl. J. Med, 272, pp. 137-144; Garn, S.M., Silverman, F.N., Rohmann, C.G., A rational approach to the assessment of skeletal maturation (1964) Ann. Radiol, 7, pp. 297-307; Udjus, L.G., Anthropometrical Changes in Norwegian Men in the 20th Century (1964), Oslo: Universitetsforlaget; Tanner, J.M., Hayashi, T., Preece, M.A., Cameron, N., Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: Comparison with British and with Japanese Americans (1982) Ann. Hum. Biol, 9, pp. 411-423; van Noord, P.A.H., Arias-Careaga, S., The Dutch famine 1944-5: Lasting effects on adult height (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol, 141, pp. S11; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Martorell, R., Habicht, J.-P., Growth in early childhood in developing countries (1986) Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise, pp. 241-262. , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). 2nd Edn. New York: Plenum Press; Widdowson, E.M., Mental contentment and physical growth (1951) Lancet, 1, pp. 1316-1318; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.J., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 326-330; Thomson, A.M., Duncan, D.L., The diagnosis of malnutrition in man (1954) Nutr. Abs. Rev, 24, pp. 1-18; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.J.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow up of a national birth cohort (1992) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Pless, I.B., Cripps, H.A., Davies, J.M.C., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Chronic physical illness in childhood and psychological and social circumstances in adolescence and early adult life (1989) Dev. Med. Child Neurol, 31, pp. 746-755; Kuh, D.J.L., Coggan, D., Mann, S., Cooper, C., Yusuf, E., Height, occupation and back pain in a national prospective study (1993) Br. J. Rheumatol, 32, pp. 911-916; Douglas, J.W.B., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children Under Five, , London: Allen & Unwin; Prynne, C.J., Paul, A.A., Price, G.M., Day, K.C., Hilder, W.S., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Food and nutrient intake of a national sample of four-year old children in 1950: Comparison with the 1990s (1999) Public Health Nutr, 2, pp. 537-547; Bhandari, N., Bahl, R., Taneja, S., Effect of micronutrient supplementation on linear growth in children (2001) Br. J. Nutr, 85 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S131-S137; (1998) Nutrition and Bone Health, , Department of Health Report No. 49 London: HMSO; (1971) Classification of Occupations, , Registrar General London: HMSO; Cole, T.J., Secular trends in growth (2000) Proc. Nutr. Soc, 59, pp. 317-324; Norusis, M.J., (1990), SPSS Advanced Statistics User's Guide. Chicago: SPSS Inc; Widdowson, E.M., Growth and body composition in childhood (1991) Clinical Nutrition of the Young Child, , Brunser O, Carrazza FR, Gracey M, Nichols B, Senterre J (eds). New York: Raven Press; Pless, I.B., Douglas, J.W.B., Chronic illness in childhood, epidemiological and clinical characteristics (1971) Pediatrics, 47, pp. 405-414; Gledhill, J., Rangel, L., Garralda, E., Surviving chronic physical illness: Psychosocial outcome in adult life (2000) Arch. Dis. Child, 83, pp. 104-110; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Delinquency, pulse rates and early emotional deprivation (1976) Br. J. Criminol, 16, pp. 245-256; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Maclean, M., Kuh, D., Rodgers, B., Children of divorced parents: A summary and review of findings from a national long-term follow-up study (1990) Fam. Pract, 7, pp. 104-109; Ely, M., Richards, M.P.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Elliott, B.J., Secular changes in the association of parental divorce and children's educational attainment: Evidence from three British birth cohorts (1999) J. Soc. Policy, 28, pp. 437-455; Gunnell, D., Davey Smith, G., McConnachie, A., Greenwood, R., Upton, M., Frankel, S., Association of birthweight with leg length and trunk length are similar. Childhood exposures rather than in-utero programming may underlie specific associations seen between leg length and mortality (1999) Lancet, 354, pp. 1526-1527; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Cooper, C., Kuh, D., Egger, P., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Barker, D.J.P., Childhood growth and age at menarche (1996) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol, 103, pp. 814-817; Hills, J., (1998) Income and Wealth: The Latest Evidence, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Findings; Berthoud, R., (1998) Incomes of Ethnic Minorities, , University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research; Foster, K., Lader, D., Cheesbrough, S., Infant Feeding 1995 (1997), London: Office of National Statistics, The Stationery Office; Dangour, A.D., Schilg, S., Hulse, A., Cole, T.J., Sitting height and subischial leg length reference curves Ann. Hum. Biol, , in press; Gerver, W.J.M., De Bruin, R., Relationship between height, sitting height and subischial leg length in Dutch children: Presentation of normal values (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 532-535 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036115928&partnerID=40&md5=844ce31617b8f8f19a979efbc607be23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Death in children with epilepsy: A population-based study T2 - Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 359 IS - 9321 SP - 1891 EP - 1895 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08779-2 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Camfield, C.S. AU - Camfield, P.R. AU - Veugelers, P.J. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada AD - Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada AD - Division of Child Neurology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3J 3G9, Canada AB - Background: Families of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy worry about death during a seizure. We aimed to assess the frequency and causes of death of children with epilepsy. Method: We did a population-based cohort study. The Nova Scotia epilepsy cohort includes all children who developed epilepsy during 1977-85. In 1999, we matched names and birth dates with provincial health-care, death, and marriage registries. We examined death certificates, necropsy reports, and physician records of children who had died and contacted families if sudden unexpected death in epilepsy could have occurred. We measured the effect of sex, age, epilepsy type, and disorder sufficient to cause functional neurological deficit on death rate. We compared cohort mortality with rates in a reference population matched for age and sex. Findings: 26 (3.8%) of 692 children with epilepsy died. Frequency of death was 5.3 times higher (95% CI 2.29-8.32) than in the reference population in the 1980s and 8.8 times higher (4.16-13.43) in the 1990s. Kaplan-Meier curves showed 6.1% mortality 20 years after onset compared with 0.88% in the reference population. Deaths occurred in one (1%) of 97 children with absence epilepsy, 12 (2%) of 510 with partial and primary generalised epilepsy, and 13 (15%) of 85 with secondary generalised epilepsy. 22 deaths were caused by disorders sufficient to cause functional neurological deficit, one by probable sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, two by suicide, and one by homicide. Functional neurological deficit was the only independent determinant of mortality. Interpretation: Death from epilepsy is uncommon in children without a severe neurological disorder sufficient to cause functional neurological deficit and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is rare. KW - adolescent KW - age KW - article KW - autopsy KW - child KW - childhood mortality KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - death certificate KW - demography KW - disease classification KW - disease course KW - epilepsy KW - family KW - female KW - gender KW - generalized epilepsy KW - health care KW - homicide KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - marriage KW - medical record KW - neurologic disease KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - suicide PB - Elsevier Limited N1 - Cited By :120 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 12057550 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Camfield, C.S.; Division of Child Neurology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3J 3G9, Canada; email: Camfield@is.dal.ca N1 - Funding details: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Institutes of Health Research N1 - Funding details: Dairy Farmers of Nova Scotia, Dairy Farmers of Nova Scotia N1 - Funding details: Statistics Korea, Statistics Korea N1 - Funding details: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Institutes of Health Research N1 - Funding details: Dairy Farmers of Nova Scotia, Dairy Farmers of Nova Scotia N1 - Funding details: Statistics Korea, Statistics Korea N1 - Funding text: Acknowledgments We thank E Smith and K Burke who assisted in data processing and A Hauser and J Annegers (deceased) for discussion of this report. The Nova Scotia Business and Consumer Services of the Province of Nova Scotia provided access to the death and marriage registries in the Division of Vital Statistics. P Veugelers is the recipient of a Canadian Institutes for Health Research Career Award. N1 - References: Baumer, J.H., David, T.J., Valentine, S.J., Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion (1981) Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, pp. 462-464; Hauser, W.A., Sudden unexplained death in patients with epilepsy: Issues for further study (1997) Epilepsia, 38 (SUPPL. 11), pp. S26-S29; Camfield, C., Camfield, P., Gordon, K., Smith, B., Dooley, J., Outcome of childhood epilepsy: A population-based study with a simple predictive scoring system for those treated with medication (1993) J Pediatr, 122, pp. 861-868; Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Wirrell, E., Gordon, K.G., Dooley, J.M., Incidence of epilepsy in childhood and adolescents: A population based study in Nova Scotia from 1977-1985 (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 19-23; Wirrell, E.C., Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Gordon, K., Dooley, J., Long-term prognosis of typical childhood absence epilepsy (1996) Neurology, 47, pp. 912-918; Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399; Hauser, W.A., Hesdorffer, D.C., (1990) Epilepsy: Frequency, causes and consequences, pp. 297-326. , New York: Demos Publications; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Elveback, L.R., Mortality in patients with epilepsy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 339-412; Nilsson, L., Farahmand, B.Y., Persson, P.G., Thiblin, I., Tomson, T., Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A case-control study (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 888-893; Camfield, P.R., Camfield, C.S., Antiepileptic drug therapy: When is epilepsy truly intractable? (1996) Epilepsia, 37 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S60-S65; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-340; Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 324-330; Harvey, A.S., Nolan, T., Carlin, J.B., Community-based study of mortality in children with epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 597-603; Cockerell, O.C., Johnson, A.L., Sander, J.W.A.S., Hart, Y.M., Goodridge, D.M.G., Shorvon, S.D., Mortality from epilepsy: Results from a prospective population-based study (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 918-921; Sillanpää, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Shinnar, S., Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) N Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1715-1722; Sillanpää, M., Camfield, P.R., Camfield, C.S., Predicting long term outcome of childhood epilepsy in Nova Scotia, Canada and Turku Finland: Validation of a simple scoring system (1995) Arch Neurol, 52, pp. 589-592; Strauss, D., Ashwal, S., Shavelle, R., Eyman, R.K., Prognosis for survival and improvement in function in children with severe developmental disabilities (1997) J Pediatr, 131, pp. 712-717 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036606362&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2802%2908779-2&partnerID=40&md5=9cf70e899e2b615d2afceb593bfac182 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 285 EP - 293 PY - 2002 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Ben-Shlomo, Y. AU - Kuh, D. AD - Department of Social Medicine, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AD - Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom KW - disease prevalence KW - epidemiology KW - life cycle KW - adult disease KW - adult respiratory distress syndrome KW - childhood disease KW - chronic disease KW - chronic obstructive lung disease KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - demography KW - disease association KW - disease course KW - disease model KW - editorial KW - empiricism KW - environmental exposure KW - health status KW - human KW - life expectancy KW - lifestyle KW - linkage analysis KW - lung function KW - morbidity KW - mortality KW - population dynamics KW - prenatal growth KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - risk assessment KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - Chronic Disease KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Sociology, Medical N1 - Cited By :1100 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Editorial DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 11980781 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ben-Shlomo, Y.; Department of Social Medicine, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom N1 - References: Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology; Tracing the Origins of Ill-health from Early to Adult Life (1997), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hertzman, C., The biological embedding of early experience and its effects on health in adulthood (1995) Ann. NY Acad Sci, 896, pp. 85-95; Hall, A.J., Yee, L.J., Thomas, S.L., Life course epidemiology and infectious diseases (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol, 31, pp. 300-301; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, , Oxford: Oxford University Press, in Press; Lamont, D., Parker, L., White, M., Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: Lifecourse study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 273-278; Cox, D.R., Wermuth, N., Multivariate dependencies models, analysis and interpretation (1996) Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probablility, , London: Chapman & Hall; Kaplan, D., (2000) Structural Equation Modelling: Foundations and Extensions, , Sage Publications; Krieger, N., Themes for social epidemiology in the 21st century: An ecosocial perspective (2001) Int. J. Epidemiol, 30, pp. 668-677; Strachan, D.P., Respiratory and allergic diseases (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 101-120. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; The Implications for Training of Embracing a Life Course Approach to Health (2000), World Health Organization and International Longevity Centre-UK. Geneva: World Health Organization; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 949-953; Hertzman, C., Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Using an interactive framework of society and lifecourse to explain self-rated health in early adulthood (2001) Soc. Sci. Med, 53, pp. 1575-1585; Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Bassey, E.J., Aihie Sayer, A., Cooper, C., Musculoskeletal ageing: Muscle strength, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, , Kuh D, Hardy R (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press, in Press; Frankel, S., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Davey Smith, G., Birthweight, body mass index in middle age and incident coronary heart disease (1996) Lancet, 248, pp. 1478-1480; Lithell, H.O., McKeigue, P.M., Berglund, L., Mohsen, R., Lithell, U., Leon, D.A., Relationship of size at birth to non-insulin-dependent diabetes and insulin levels in men aged 50-60 years (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 406-410; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; McEwen, B.S., Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators (1998) N. Engl. J. Med, 338, pp. 171-179; Scott, J.P., Critical periods in organisational processes (1986) Human Growth, 1, pp. 181-196. , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; Dean, G., Kurtzke, J.F., On the risk of MS according to age at immigration to South Africa (1971) BMJ, 3, pp. 725-729; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Ferrell, C., Birthweight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley Study: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1189-1193; Davey Smith, G., Harding, S., Rosato, M., Relation between infants' birthweight and mothers' mortality: Prospective observational study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 839-840; Davey Smith, G., Whitley, E., Gissler, M., Hemminki, E., Birth dimensions of offspring, premature births, and the mortality of mothers (2000) Lancet, 356, pp. 2066-2067; Leon, D.A., Common threads: Underlying components of inequalities in mortality between and within countries (2000) Poverty, Inequality and Health: An International Perspective, pp. 58-87. , Leon D, Walt G (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Life-course approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause specific adult mortality (2000) Poverty, Inequality and Health: An International Perspective, pp. 88-124. , Leon D, Walt G (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Keating, D., Hertzman, C., (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations: Social, Biological and Educational Dynamics, , New York: The Guilford Press; Rutter, M., Smith, D.J., (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, , Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Davey Smith, G., Socioeconomic differentials (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 242-273. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., Health and Class: The Early Years (1991), London: Chapman Hall; (1997), Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. Report of the Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. London: The Stationery Office; Graham, H., Building an inter-disciplinary science of health inequalities: The example of lifecourse research (2002) Soc. Sci. Med, , (in press); Susser, M., Susser, E., Choosing a future for epidemiology: 1 Eras and paradigms (1996) Am. J. Public Health, 86, pp. 668-673; Krieger, N., Zierler, S., What explains the public's health? A call for epidemiologic theory (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 107-109; Susser, M., Susser, E., Choosing a future for epidemiology: II. From black box to Chinese boxes and eco-epidemiology (1996) Am. J. Public Health, 86, pp. 674-677; MacMichael, A.J., Prisoners of the proximate: Loosening the constraints on epidemiology in an age of change (1999) Am. J. Epidemiol, 149, pp. 887-897; Krieger, N., A glossary for social epidemiology (2001) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 55, pp. 693-700; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., Conclusions (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 296-307. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kuh, D., Davey Smith, G., When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate (1993) Social History of Medicine, 6, pp. 101-123; Davey Smith, G., Kuh, D., William Ogilvy Kermack and the childhood origins of adult health and disease (2001) Int. J. Epidemiol, 30, pp. 696-703; Reid, D.D., The beginnings of bronchitis (1969) Proc. R. Soc. Med, 62, pp. 311-316; Colley, J.R.T., Douglas, J.W.B., Reid, D.D., Respiratory disease in young adults; influence of early childhood lower respiratory tract illness, social class, air pollution, and smoking (1973) BMJ, 2, pp. 195-198; Trichopoulos, D., Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 939-940; MacMahon, B., Breast cancer at menopausal ages: An explanation of observed incidence changes (1957) Cancer, 10, pp. 1037-1044; Cole, P., MacMahon, B., Oestrogen fractions during early reproductive life in the aetiology of breast cancer (1969) Lancet, pp. 604-606. , March 22; MacMahon, B., Newill, V.A., Birth characteristics of children dying of malignant neoplasms (1962) J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 28, pp. 231-244; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Saenger, G., Marolla, F., Famine and Human Development. The Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-45 (1975), New York: Oxford University Press; Davey Smith, G., The uses of 'Uses of Epidemiology' (2001) Int. J. Epidemiol, 30, pp. 1146-1155; Abraham, S., Collins, G., Nordsieck, M., Relationship of childhood weight status to morbidity in adults (1971) HSMHA Health Reports, 86, pp. 273-284; Osborn, G.R., Stages in development of coronary disease observed from 1,500 young subjects. Relationship of hypotension and infant feeding to aetiology (1967) Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 169, pp. 93-139; Berenson, G.S., MacMahan, C.A., Voors, A.W., (1980) Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: The Early Natural History of Atherosclerosis and Essential Hypertension, , New York: Oxford University Press; Lauer, R.M., Lee, J., Clarke, W.R., Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels: The Muscatine Study (1975) J. Pediatr, 86, pp. 697-706; Forsdahl, A., Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med, 31, pp. 91-95; Forsdahl, A., Commentary: Childhood deprivation and adult mortality (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol, 31, p. 308; Barker, D.J.P., Commentary: Components in the interpretation of the high mortality in the county of Finnmark (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol, 31, pp. 309-310; Williams, D.R.R., Roberts, S.J., Davies, T.W., Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales (1979) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 33, pp. 199-202; Clarke, A.M., Clarke, A.D.B., The formative years? (1976) Early Experience: Myth and Evidence, , Clarke AM, Clarke ADB (eds). New York: The Free Press; Cravens, H., Behaviorism revisited: Developmental science, the maturation theory, and the biological basis of the human mind, 1920s-1950s (1991) The Expansion of American Biology, pp. 133-163. , Benson KR, Maienschein J, Rainger R (eds). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press; Stockard, C.R., Developmental rate and structural expression: An experimental study of twins, 'double monsters' and single deformities and their interaction among embryonic organs during their origins and development (1921) Am. J. Anat, 28, pp. 115-225; Stockard, C.R., Hormones and Structural Development. The Beaumont Foundation Lecture. Series No. 6 (1927), Detroit, Michigan: Wayne County Medical Society; Speman, H., (1938) Embryonic Development and Induction, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Lorenz, K., The establishment of the instinct concept (1971) Studies in Animal and Human Behaviour, 1. , Lorenz K (ed.). (R Martin trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Hess, E.H., (1973) Imprinting: Early Experience and the Developmental Psychology of Attachments, , New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; Bowlby, J., Maternal care and mental health. World Health Organization Monograph Series No.2 (1951), Geneva: World Health Organization; Bowlby, J., (1953) Child Care and the Growth of Love, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Freud, S., The claims of psycho-analysis to scientific interest: The interest of psycho-analysis from a developmental point of view (1913) (1955) The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, 13. , Strachey J (ed.). London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis; Wingard, D.L., Criqui, M.H., Edelstein, S.L., Is breast-feeding in infancy associated with adult longevity? (1994) Am. J. Public Health, 84, pp. 1458-1462; Leitch, I., Growth and health (1951) Br. J. Nutr, 5, pp. 142-151; Brim, O.G., Kagan, J., (1980) Constancy and Change in Human Development, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Cairns, R.B., Hood, K.E., Continuity in social development: A comparative perspective on individual difference prediction (1983) Life Span Development and Behaviour, pp. 302-359. , Baltes PB, Brim OG Jr (eds). New York: Academic Press; Colombo, J., The critical period concept: Research, methodology, and theoretical issues (1982) Psychol. Bull, 91, pp. 260-275; Featherman, D.L., Life-span perspectives in social science research (1983) Life-Span Development and Behaviour, pp. 1-57. , Baltes PB, Brim OG Jr (eds). New York: Academic Press; Baltes, P.B., Lindenberger, U., Staudinger, U.M., Life-span theory in developmental psychology (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology. Theoretical Models of Human Development, 1, pp. 1029-1143. , Damon W, Lerner RM (eds). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Rutter, M., Pathways from childhood to adult life (1989) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 30, pp. 25-51; Robins, L., Rutter, M., (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Giele, J.Z., Elder G.H., Jr., Life course research: Development of a field (1998) Methods of Life Course Research: Qualitiative and Quantitative Approaches, pp. 5-27. , Giele JZ, Elder GH Jr (eds). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc; Elder G.H., Jr., The life course and human development (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology. Theoretical Models of Human Development, 1, pp. 939-991. , Damon W, Lerner RM (eds). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Riley, M.W., Overview and highlights of a sociological perspective (1986) Human Development and the Life Course: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, pp. 153-175. , Sorenson A, Weinert F, Sherrod L (eds). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Henry, C.J.K., Ulijaszek, S.J., (1996) Long-term Consequences of Early Environment: Growth, Development and the Lifespan Perspective, , (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Leidy, L.E., Lifespan approach to the study of human biology: An introductory overview (1996) Am. J. Hum. Biol, 8, pp. 699-702; Panter-Brick, C., Worthman, C.M., (1999) Hormones, Health and Behavior, , (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Finch, C.E., Kirkwood, T.B.L., (2000) Chance, Development and Aging, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Cairns, R.B., Elder, G.H., Costello, E.J., (1996) Developmental Science, , (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Magnusson, D., (1996) The Lifespan Development of Individuals: Behavioral, Neurobiological and Psychosocial Perspectives, , (ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Sherrod, L.R., Brim O.G., Jr., Epilogue: Retrospective and prospective views of life-course research on human development (1986) Human Development and the Life Course: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, pp. 557-580. , Sorensen AB, Weinert FE, Sherrod LR (eds). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Conclusions: Linking the past, present and future A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, , Kuh D, Hardy R (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press (in Press); Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D.J.L., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work in the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol, 11, pp. 2-20; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol, 6, pp. 91-110; Golding, J., Pembrey, M., Jones, R., ALSPAC-the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. I Study methodology (2001) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol, 15, pp. 74-87; Kuh, D.L., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol, 20, pp. 1001-1009; Upton, M.N., McConnachie, M.A., McSharry, C., Intergenerational 20 year trends in the prevalence of asthma and hay fever in adults: The Midspan family study surveys of parents and offspring (2000) BMJ, 321, pp. 88-92; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939-45 War (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; Fall, C.H.D., Vijayakumar, M., Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Duggleby, S., Weight in infancy and prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult life (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 17-19; Maheswaran, R., Strachan, D.P., Dodgeon, B., Best, N.G., A population-based case-control study for examining early life influences on geographical variation in adult mortality in England and Wales using stomach cancer and stroke as examples (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol, 31, pp. 375-382; Berney, L.R., Blane, D.B., Collecting retrospective data: Accuracy of recall after 50 years judged against historical records (1997) Soc. Sci. Med, 45, pp. 1519-1525; Stanner, S.A., Bulmer, K., Andres, C., Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study, a cross sectional study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1342-1348; Singhal, A., Cole, T.J., Lucas, A., Early nutrition in preterm infants and later blood pressure: Two cohorts after randomised trials (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 413-419; Belizan, J.M., Villar, J., Bergel, E., Long-term effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on the blood pressure of off-spring: Follow up of a randomised controlled trial (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 281-285; Schweinhart, L.J., Barnes, H.V., Weikart, D.P., Significant benefits (1993) Monographs of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation 10, , The High/Scope Perry Preschool Study through age 27; Robins, J.M., Greenland, S., Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects (1992) Epidemiology, 3, pp. 143-155 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036100830&partnerID=40&md5=f201268c8e25308932f6ff088ed75ff6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic status in childhood and the lifetime risk of major depression T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 359 EP - 367 PY - 2002 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Gilman, S.E. AU - Kawachi, I. AU - Fitzmaurice, G.M. AU - Buka, S.L. AD - Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States AB - Background. Major depression occurs more frequently among people of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and among females. Although the focus of considerable investigation, the development of SES and sex differences in depression remains to be fully explained. In this study, we test the hypotheses that low childhood SES predicts an increased risk of adult depression and contributes to a higher risk of depression among females. Methods. Participants were 1132 adult offspring of mothers enrolled in the Providence, Rhode Island site of the US National Collaborative Perinatal Project between 1959 and 1966. Childhood SES, indexed by parental occupation, was assessed at the time of participants' birth and seventh year. A lifetime history and age at onset of major depressive episode were ascertained via structured interviews according to diagnostic criteria. Survival analyses were used to model the likelihood of first depression onset as a function of childhood SES. Results. Participants from lower SES backgrounds had nearly a twofold increase in risk for major depression compared to those from the highest SES background independent of childhood sociodemographic factors, family history of mental illness, and adult SES. Analyses of sex differences in the effect of childhood SES on adult depression provided modest support for the hypothesis that childhood SES contributes to adult sex differences in depression. Conclusions. Low SES in childhood is related to a higher risk of major depression in adults. Social inequalities in depression likely originate early in life. Further research is needed to identify the pathways linking childhood conditions to SES differences in the incidence of major depression. KW - Depression KW - Life course KW - Mental health KW - Sex KW - Social inequalities KW - Socioeconomic status KW - child welfare KW - health risk KW - mental health KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomic status KW - adult KW - article KW - childbirth KW - childhood KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - disease course KW - family history KW - female KW - human KW - interview KW - lifespan KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - occupation KW - onset age KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical model KW - survival KW - United States KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Depression KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sociology, Medical KW - United States N1 - Cited By :211 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 11980797 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gilman, S.E.; Dept. of Maternal and Child Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States; email: sgilman@hsph.harvard.edu N1 - References: Muntaner, C., Eaton, W.W., Diala, C., Kessler, R.C., Sorlie, P.D., Social class, assets, organizational control and the prevalence of common groups of psychiatric disorders (1998) Soc. Sci. Med, 47, pp. 2043-2053; Dohrenwend, B.P., Levav, I., Shrout, P.E., Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation-selection issue (1992) Science, 255, pp. 946-952; Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Federman, E.B., Leighton, A.H., Depression and anxiety in relation to social status. A prospective epidemiologic study (1991) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 48, pp. 223-229; Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression (1977) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 34, pp. 98-111; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Swartz, M., Blazer, D.G., Nelson, C.B., Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence (1993) J. Affective Disord, 29, pp. 85-96; Leon, A.C., Klerman, G.L., Wickramaratne, P., Continuing female predominance in depressive illness (1993) Am. J. Public Health, 83, pp. 754-757; Dohrenwend, B.P., Socioeconomic status (SES) and psychiatric disorders. Are the issues still compelling? (1990) Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol, 25, pp. 41-47; Piccinelli, M., Wilkinson, G., Gender differences in depression (2000) Br. J. Psychiatry, 177, pp. 486-492; Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Dohrenwend, B.P., Link, B.G., Brook, J.S., A longitudinal investigation of social causation and social selection processes involved in the association between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders (1999) J. Abnorm. Psychol, 108, pp. 490-499; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am. J. Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc. Sci. Med, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Sadowski, H., Ugarte, B., Kolvin, I., Kaplan, C., Barnes, J., Early life family disadvantages and major depression in adulthood (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 112-120; Kessler, R.C., Magee, W.J., Childhood adversities and adult depression: Basic patterns of association in a US national survey (1993) Psychol. Med, 23, pp. 679-690; Veijola, J., Puukka, P., Lehtinen, V., Moring, J., Lindholm, T., Vaisanen, E., Sex differences in the association between childhood experiences and adult depression (1998) Psychol. Med, 28, pp. 21-27; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Jacobson, S., Fasman, J., DiMascio, A., Deprivation in the childhood of depressed women (1975) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis, 160, pp. 5-14; Hallstrom, T., The relationships of childhood socio-demographic factors and early parental loss to major depression in adult life (1987) Acta Psychiatr. Scand, 75, pp. 212-216; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Calev, A., Affect and memory in depression: Evidence of better delayed recall of positive than negative affect words (1996) Psychopathology, 29, pp. 71-76; Crum, R.M., Harris, E.L., Risk of alcoholism and parental history: Gender differences and a possible reporting bias (1996) Genet. Epidemiol, 13, pp. 329-341; Niswander, K.R., Gordon, M., The Women and their Pregnancies: The Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (1972), Washington: National Institute of Health; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis. A prospective study (1993) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Buka, S.L., Satz, P., Seidman, L., Lipsitt, L., Defining learning disabilities: The role of longitudinal studies (1998) Thalamus, 16, pp. 14-29; Methodology and Scores of Socioeconomic Status (1963), US Bureau of the Census (Working Paper No. 15). Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census; Erdman, H.P., Klein, M.H., Greist, J.H., Bass, S.M., Bires, J.K., Machtinger, P.E., A comparison of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and clinical diagnosis (1987) Am. J. Psychiatry, 144, pp. 1477-1480; Oliver, J.M., Simmons, M.E., Affective disorders and depression as measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the Beck Depression Inventory in an unselected adult population (1985) J. Clin. Psychol, 41, pp. 469-477; Wittchen, H.U., Burke, J.D., Semler, G., Pfister, H., Von Cranach, M., Zaudig, M., Recall and dating of psychiatric symptoms. Test-retest reliability of time-related symptom questions in a standardized psychiatric interview (1989) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 46, pp. 437-443; Robins, L.N., Helzer, J.E., Croughan, J., Ratcliff, K.S., Its history, characteristics, and validity (1981) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 38, pp. 381-399. , National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1980), American Psychiatric Association. 3d Edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV (1994), American Psychiatric Association. 4th Edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Eaton, W.W., Anthony, J.C., Gallo, J., Natural history of Diagnostic Interview Schedule/DSM-IV major depression. The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up (1997) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 54, pp. 993-999; Kaplan, E.L., Meier, P., Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations (1958) J. Am. Statist. Assoc, 53, pp. 281-284; Cox, D.R., Regression models and life-tables (1972) J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 34, pp. 187-220; Efron, B., Logistic regression, survival analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier curve (1988) J. Am. Statist. Assoc, 83, pp. 415-425; Beardslee, W.R., Keller, M.B., Lavori, P.W., Staley, J., Sacks, N., The impact of parental affective disorder on depression in offspring: A longitudinal follow-up in a nonreferred sample (1993) J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry, 32, pp. 723-730; (1999), SAS Institute. SAS User's Guide, Version 8. Cary NC; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States (1994) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 51, pp. 8-19. , Results from the National Comorbidity Survey; Kawachi, I., Lochner, K., Socioeconomic status (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S39-S42; Kessler, R.C., Methodological issues in the study of psychosocial stress (1983) Psychosocial Stress: Trends in Theory and Research, pp. 267-341. , Kaplan HB (ed.). Orlando: Academic Press, Inc; Reinherz, H.Z., Giaconia, R.M., Pakiz, B., Silverman, A.B., Frost, A.K., Lefkowitz, E.S., Psychosocial risks for major depression in late adolescence: A longitudinal community study (1993) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1155-1163; McLeod, J.D., Shanahan, M.J., Trajectories of Poverty and Children's Mental Health (1996) J. Health Soc. Behav, 37, pp. 207-220; Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Horwood, L.J., Risk factors and life processes associated with the onset of suicidal behaviour during adolescence and early adulthood (2000) Psychol. Med, 30, pp. 23-39; Corcoran, M.E., Chaudry, A., The dynamics of childhood poverty (1997) Future of Children, 7, pp. 40-54; Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., Fischer, S.A., Age-cohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental disorders (1993) J. Abnorm. Psychol, 102, pp. 110-120; Klerman, G.L., Weissman, M.M., Increasing rates of depression (1989) JAMA, 261, pp. 2229-2235; Anthony, J.C., Folstein, M., Romanoski, A.J., Comparison of the lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule and a standardized psychiatric diagnosis. Experience in eastern Baltimore (1985) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 42, pp. 667-675; Rogler, L.H., Malgady, R.G., Tryon, W.W., Evaluation of mental health. Issues of memory in the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (1992) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis, 180, pp. 215-222. , discussion 223-26; Prusoff, B.A., Merikangas, K.R., Weissman, M.M., Lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric disorders: Recall 4 years later (1988) J. Psychiatr. Res, 22, pp. 107-117; Farrer, L.A., Florio, L.P., Bruce, M.L., Leaf, P.J., Weissman, M.M., Reliability of self-reported age at onset of major depression (1989) J. Psychiatr. Res, 23, pp. 35-47; Gilman, S.E., Abraham, H.D., A longitudinal study of the order of onset of alcohol dependence and major depression (2001) Drug Alcohol Depend, 63, pp. 277-286; Ritsher, J.E.B., Warner, V., Johnson, J.G., Dohrenwend, B.P., Intergenerational longitudinal study of social class and depression: A test of social causation and social selection models (2001) Br. J. Psychiatry, 178 (SUPPL. 40), pp. S84-S90; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women (1978), London: Tavistock; Dohrenwend, B.P., The role of adversity and stress in psychopathology: Some evidence and its implications for theory and research (2000) J. Health Soc. Behav, 41, pp. 1-19; Ross, C.E., Mirowsky, J., Explaining the social patterns of depression: Control and problem solving-or support and talking? (1989) J. Health Soc. Behav, 30, pp. 206-219; Link, B.G., Lennon, M.C., Dohrenwend, B.P., Socioeconomic status and depression: The role of occupations involving direction, control, and planning (1996) Am. J. Sociol, 98, pp. 1351-1387; Fan, A.P., Eaton, W.W., Longitudinal study assessing the joint effects of socio-economic status and birth risks on adult emotional and nervous conditions (2001) Br. J. Psychiatry, 178 (SUPPL. 40), pp. S78-S83; Buka, S.L., Lipsitt, L.P., Toward a developmental epidemiology (1994) Developmental Follow-Up: Concepts, Domains, and Methods, pp. 331-350. , Friedman SL, Haywood HC (eds). San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press, Inc; Boyce, W.T., Frank, E., Jensen, P.S., Kessler, R.C., Nelson, C.A., Steinberg, L., Social context in developmental psychopathology: Recommendations for future research from the MacArthur Network on Psychopathology and Development (1998) Dev. Psychopathol, 10, pp. 143-164. , The MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Psychopathology and Development; McLoyd, V.C., Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development (1998) Am. Psychol, 53, pp. 185-204; Abramson, L.Y., Seligman, M.E., Teasdale, J.D., Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation (1978) J. Abnorm. Psychol, 87, pp. 49-74; Bowlby, J., The making and breaking of affectional bonds. I. Aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory (1977) Br. J. Psychiatry, 130, pp. 201-210. , An expanded version of the Fiftieth Maudsley Lecture, delivered before the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 19 November 1976; Mickelson, K.D., Kessler, R.C., Shaver, P.R., Adult attachment in a nationally representative sample (1997) J. Personal Soc. Psychol, 73, pp. 1092-1106; Berkman, L.F., Kawachi, I., (2000) Social Epidemiology, , (eds) New York: Oxford University Press; Earls, F., Sex differences in psychiatric disorders: Origins and developmental influences (1987) Psychiatr. Dev, 5, pp. 1-23; Harris, T., Surtees, P., Bancroft, J., Is sex necessarily a risk factor to depression? (1991) Br. J. Psychiatry, 158, pp. 708-712; Cyranowski, J.M., Frank, E., Young, E., Shear, M.K., Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression: A theoretical model (2000) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 57, pp. 21-27; Gore, S., Aseltine R.H., Jr., Colton, M.E., Social structure, life stress and depressive symptoms in a high school-aged population (1992) J. Health Soc. Behav, 33, pp. 97-113; Widom, C.S., Ireland, T., Glynn, P.J., Alcohol abuse in abused and neglected children followed-up: Are they at increased risk? (1995) J. Stud. Alcohol, 56, pp. 207-217; Elder, G.H., Nguyen, T.V., Caspi, A., Linking family hardship to children's lives (1985) Child Dev, 56, pp. 361-375; Hankin, B.L., Abramson, L.Y., Development of gender differences in depression: Description and possible explanations (1999) Ann. Med, 31, pp. 372-379; McGee, R., Williams, S., A longitudinal study of depression in nine-year-old children (1988) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 27, pp. 342-348; Angold, A., Worthman, C.W., Puberty onset of gender differences in rates of depression: A developmental, epidemiologic and neuroendocrine perspective (1993) J. Affective Disord, 29, pp. 145-158; Silberg, J., Pickles, A., Rutter, M., The influence of genetic factors and life stress on depression among adolescent girls (1999) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 56, pp. 225-232; Rutter, M., Pathways from childhood to adult life (1989) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 30, pp. 23-51; Wadsworth, M.E., Health inequalities in the life course perspective (1997) Soc. Sci. Med, 44, pp. 859-869; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) Br. Med. Bull, 53, pp. 210-221 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036100112&partnerID=40&md5=b8cb94f3d77fd50b943fb359e2a5ee9a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prenatal factors, childhood growth trajectories and age at menarche T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 405 EP - 412 PY - 2002 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Dos Santos Silva, I. AU - De Stavola, B.L. AU - Mann, V. AU - Kuh, D. AU - Hardy, R. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1 6BT, United Kingdom AB - Background. In recent studies a larger birth size has been shown to delay the timing of menarche. The mechanisms underlying this association are not clear, however, as birthweight is a predictor of body size in childhood, and a large body size is known to be associated with an early onset of menarche. Methods. Data from a representative British cohort of 2547 girls born in 1946 who were followed prospectively throughout childhood were used. Information was available on prenatal characteristics, birthweight, height, weight and social circumstances during childhood, and on age at menarche. Random coefficients models were used to estimate the individual trajectories in height and body mass index (BMI) up to age 7 years. The parameters identified by these models were then included in Weibull survival models for the timing of menarche together with birthweight. Results. Birthweight was found to positively influence height and BMI values at age 2 years, but not to affect their rates of change from age 2 to 7 years. Initial analyses showed low birthweight to be associated with an early onset of menarche, but after controlling for growth in infancy this effect was reversed, with girls who were heavy at birth reaching menarche earlier than others with similar infant growth. Rapid growth in infancy was also related to early pubertal maturation. The effects of birthweight and infant growth disappeared, however, when further controlled for growth from age 2 to 7 years. Conclusions. The effects of birthweight and growth in infancy on the timing of menarche seem to be mediated through growth in early childhood. These findings are consistent with the possibility that timing of menarche may be set in utero or early in life, although it may be modified by changes in body size and composition in childhood. KW - Birthweight KW - Childhood growth KW - Life-course epidemiology KW - Menarche KW - Prenatal KW - Puberty KW - age KW - child development KW - life cycle KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body composition KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body size KW - body weight KW - child growth KW - controlled study KW - correlation coefficient KW - female KW - human KW - infancy KW - menarche KW - prenatal period KW - priority journal KW - puberty KW - school child KW - social aspect KW - survival KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Composition KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Menarche KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :137 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 11980804 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: dos Santos Silva, I.; Dept. of Epidemiol./Population Htlh., London School Hygiene/Tropic. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: isabel.silva@lshtm.ac.uk N1 - References: Cooper, C., Kuh, D., Egger, P., Wadsworth, M., Barker, D., Childhood growth and age at menarche (1996) Br. J. Obst. Gynaecol, 103, pp. 814-817; Persson, I., Ahlsson, F., Ewald, U., Influence of perinatal factors on the onset of puberty in boys and girls. Implications for interpretation of link with risk of long term diseases (1999) Am. J. Epidemiol, 150, pp. 745-755; Adair, L.S., Size at birth predicts age at menarche (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 59-66; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children-results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum. Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 32, pp. 145-154; Eveleth, P.B., Population differences in growth (1986) Human Growth. A Comprehensive Treatise. Methodology, Ecological, Genetic, and Nutitional Effects on Growth, 3, pp. 221-239. , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). 2nd Edn. New York: Plenum Press; Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal Origins of Adult Diseases, , London: British Medical Journal; Potischman, N., Troisi, R., In-utero and early life exposures in relation to risk of breast cancer (1999) Cancer Causes Control, 10, pp. 561-573; De Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., dos Santos Silva, I., Wadsworth, M., Swerdlow, A.J., Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer (2000) Br. J. Cancer, 83, pp. 964-968; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.H., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H., Random effects models for longitudinal data (1982) Biometrics, 38, pp. 963-974; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 2nd Edn. New York: Edward Arnold; Muthén, B.O., Khoo, S.-T., Longitudinal studies of achievement growth using latent variable models (1998) Learning and Individual Differences, 10, pp. 73-101; Karlberg, J., On the modelling of human growth (1987) Stat. Med, 6, pp. 185-192; Marubini, E., Valsecchi, M.G., (1995) Analysing Survival Data from Clinical Trials and Observational Studies, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; Clayton, D., Hills, M., (1993) Statistical Methods in Epidemiology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Efron, B., Tibshirami, R., (1999) An Introduction to the Bootstrap, , New York: Chapman and Hall; (2000), Reference Manual. Stata 7. Texas: Stata Corporation, College Station; Muthen, L., Muthen, B., Mplus. Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables (2001), Version 2. Los Angeles: User's Guide; Fall, C.H.D., Pandit, A.N., Law, C.M., Size at birth and plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations (1995) Arch. Dis. Child, 73, pp. 287-293; Bean, J., Leeper, J., Wallace, R., Sherman, B., Jagger, H., Variations in the reporting of menstrual histories (1979) Am. J. Epidemiol, 109, pp. 181-185; Michels, K.B., Greenland, S., Rosner, B.A., Does body mass index adequately captures the relation of body composition and body size to health outcomes? (1998) Am. J. Epidemiol, 147, pp. 167-172; De Stavola, B.L., Wang, D.Y., Allen, D.S., The association of height, weight, menstrual and reproductive events with breast cancer: Results from two prospective studies on the island of Guernsey (United Kingdom) (1993) Cancer Causes Control, 4, pp. 331-340 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036105497&partnerID=40&md5=91bff75a3c5137238a648dc887c6d747 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child development and family resources: Evidence from the second generation of the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - Journal of Population Economics J2 - J. Popul. Econ. VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 283 EP - 304 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1007/s001480100067 SN - 09331433 (ISSN) AU - McCulloch, A. AU - Joshi, H.E. AD - Kings Fund, 11-13 Cavendish Square, London WC1 0AG, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom AB - Studies of American and recently British children suggest that there is a link between family income and child development, in particular that one consequence of child poverty is to hold back cognitive development. This paper investigates the impact of family income, material deprivation, maternal education and child-rearing behaviour on an indicator of cognitive functioning, using British data on children aged 6 to 17 whose mothers are members of the 1958 Birth Cohort Study. The poorer average cognitive functioning among children from the lowest income groups could largely be accounted for, statistically, by the greater material disadvantage of these groups. These analyses provide evidence to suggest that low income has detrimental effects on children's cognitive functioning through the operation of longer-term material disadvantage, and that these effects may be mitigated by positive parental behaviours. KW - Child development KW - Deprivation KW - Poverty N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McCulloch, A.; Kings Fund, 11-13 Cavendish Square, London WC1 0AG, United Kingdom; email: amccul@essex.ac.uk N1 - References: Baharudin, R., Luster, T., Factors related to the quality of the home environment and children's achievement (1998) Journal of Family Issues, 19 (4), pp. 375-403; Baydar, N., Brooks-Gunn, J., Furstenberg, F.F., Early warning signs of functional illiteracy - Predictors in childhood and adolescence (1993) Child Development, 64 (3), pp. 815-829; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Klebanov, P.K., Sealand, N., Do neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development? (1993) American Journal of Sociology, 99 (2), pp. 353-395; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G., Aber, J.L., (1997) Neighbourhood Poverty: Context and Consequences for Development, , Russell Sage Foundation, New York; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Gordon, R., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P., Neighbourhood and family influences on the intellectual and behavioural competence of preschool and early school-age children (1997) Neighbourhood Poverty, 1, pp. 79-145. , Brooks-Gunn J, Duncan G, Aber L (eds). Russell Sage Foundation, New York; Church, J., (1996) Social Trends, 26. , HMSO, London; Church, J., (1997) Social Trends, 27. , HMSO, London; Clarke, L., Di Salvo, P., Joshi, H., Wright, J., (1997) Stability and Instability in Children's Lives: Longitudinal Evidence from Great Britain, , Research Paper 97-1, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Sciences; Conger, R.D., Elder, G.H., Lorenz, F.O., Conger, K.J., Simons, R.L., Whitbeck, L.B., Huck, S., Melby, J.N., Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52 (3), pp. 643-656; Davies, H., Joshi, H., Clarke, L., Is it cash the deprived are short of? (1997) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 160 (1), pp. 107-126; Davies, H., Joshi, H., Peronaci, R., Dual and zero-earner couples in Britain: Longitudinal evidence on polarization and persistence (1998) Discussion Paper in Economics 8/98, , Birkbeck College, London; Duncan, G., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of Growing up Poor, , Russell Sage Foundation, New York; Duncan, G., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P., Economic deprivation and early childhood development (1994) Child Development, 65 (2), pp. 296-318; Dunn, L.M., Dunn, L.M., (1981) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, , American Guidance Service, Circle Pines, MN; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Models in Educational and Social Research, 2nd Ed., , Edward Arnold, London; Gregg, P., Harkness, S., Machin, S., (1999) Child Development and Family Income, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York; Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J., More work in fewer households (1996) The Changing Distribution of Income and Wealth in the United Kingdom, pp. 181-207. , Hills J (ed) New Inequalities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Hanson, T.L., McLanahan, S., Thomson, E., Economic resources, parental practices and children's well-being (1997) Consequences of Growing up Poor, pp. 190-238. , Duncan J, Brooks-Gunn J (eds) Russell Sage Foundation, New York; Harkness, S., Machin, S., Waldfogel, J., Women's pay and family incomes in Britain (1996) The Changing Distribution of Income and Wealth in the United Kingdom, 1979-91., pp. 181-207. , Hills J (ed) New Inequalities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., (1995) Succeeding Generations, , Russell Sage Foundation, New York; Haskey, J., Stepfamilies and stepchildren in Great Britain (1994) Population Trends, 76, pp. 17-28; Haskey, J., Children who experience divorce in their family (1997) Population Trends, 87, pp. 5-10; Hill, M.S., Jenkins, S.P., (1999) Poverty among British Children: Chronic or Transitory?, , Institute for Social and Economic Research, Essex University, Working Paper 99/23; Hobcraft, J., (1998) Intergenerational and Life-Course Transmission of Social Exclusion: Influences of Childhood Poverty, Family Disruption, and Contact with the Police, , CASEpaper 15, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Joshi, H., Cooksey, C., Wiggins, R.D., McCulloch, A., Verropoulou, G., Clarke, L., Diverse family living situations and child development: A multi-level analysis omparing longitudinal evidence from Britain and the United States (1999) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 13 (2), pp. 292-314; Kiernan, K.E., Lone motherhood, employment and outcomes for children (1996) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 10 (2), pp. 233-256; Korenmann, S., Miller, J., Sjaastad, J., Long-term poverty and child development: Evidence from the NLSY (1995) Children and Youth Services Review, 17 (1), pp. 127-155; Kratzer, L., Hodgins, S., Adult outcomes of child conduct problems: A cohort study (1997) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25 (1), pp. 65-81; Lefebvre, P., Merrigan, P., (1998) Work Schedules, Job Characteristics, Parenting Practices and Children's Outcomes, , Working Paper 77, Center for Research on Economic Fluctuations and Employment, Universite du Quebec a Montreal; Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., Der, G., Ford, G., Hunt, K., Do housing tenure and car access predict health because they are simply markers of income or self-esteem? A Scottish study (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52 (10), pp. 657-664; Marsh, A., McKay, S., (1993) Families, Work and Benefits, , Policy Studies Institute, London; McLanahan, S., Parent absence or poverty: Which matters more? (1997) Consequences of Growing up Poor, pp. 35-48. , Duncan J, Brooks-Gunn J (eds) Russell Sage Foundation, New York; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; McLoyd, V.C., Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development (1998) American Psychologist, 53 (2), pp. 185-204; (1997) Birth Statistics 1995, , Series FMI: 17. HMSO, London; (1998) Social Focus on Women and Men, , HMSO, London; O'Higgins, M., Jenkins, S., Poverty in the EC (1990) Analysing Poverty in the European Community, pp. 64-87. , Teehens R, van Praag B (eds). Eurostat, Luxembourg; Rubin, D.B., (1987) Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys, , Wiley, New York; Schafer, J.L., Analysis of incomplete multivariate data (1997) Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, 72. , London, Chapman and Hall; Smith, J.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Consequences of living in poverty for young children's cognitive and verbal ability and early school achievement (1997) Consequences of Growing up Poor, pp. 132-189. , Duncan J, Brooks-Gunn J (eds) Russell Sage Foundation, New York; Sugland, B., Zaslow, M., Smith, J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Coates, D., Blumenthal, C., Moore, K., Bradley, R., The early childhood HOME inventory and HOME short form in differing racial/ethnic groups: Are there differences in underlying structure, internal consistency of subscales, and patterns of prediction (1995) Journal of Family Issues, 16 (5), pp. 632-663; Wechsler, D., (1974) Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, , Psychological Corporation, New York UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036558228&doi=10.1007%2fs001480100067&partnerID=40&md5=018f7440b1af8896e2f4b070accc5fa3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Femininity and fertility in sisters with twin brothers: Prenatal androgenization? Cross-sex socialization? T2 - Psychological Science J2 - Psychol. Sci. VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 263 EP - 267 PY - 2002 SN - 09567976 (ISSN) AU - Rose, R.J. AU - Kaprio, J. AU - Winter, T. AU - Dick, D.M. AU - Viken, R.J. AU - Pulkkinen, L. AU - Koskenvuo, M. AD - Indiana University, United States AD - University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AD - University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland AD - University of Turku, Turku, Finland AD - Indiana University, Department of Psychology, 1101 East 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, United States AB - Are sisters of twin brothers behaviorally or physiologically masculinized? Prenatal exposure to their brothers' androgens and postnatal socialization experiences unique to girls growing up with twin brothers might influence their attitudes, pubertal development, and reproductive histories. To investigate, we studied age- and cohort-matched samples of Finnish sisters from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs. Using data from two ongoing longitudinal studies of consecutive birth cohorts of Finnish twins, we assessed pubertal development at ages 11 and 14 and endorsement of attitudes associated with femininity at age 16. We also studied fertility in Finnish women from same- and opposite-sex twin pairs born from 1958 through 1971, obtaining information on their child-bearing histories when they were ages 15 to 28. Results of each comparison were unambiguously negative: There was no evidence of differences between sisters from same-and opposite-sex twin pairs, and thus, no evidence of either androgenization or cross-sex socialization. Copyright © 2002 American Psychological Society. KW - sex hormone KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - dizygotic twins KW - female KW - fertility KW - Finland KW - gender identity KW - genetics KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - monozygotic twins KW - physiology KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - psychological aspect KW - puberty KW - socialization KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Finland KW - Gender Identity KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Puberty KW - Socialization KW - Twins, Dizygotic KW - Twins, Monozygotic N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSYSE C2 - 12009048 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rose, R.J.; Indiana University, Department of Psychology, 1101 East 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, United States; email: rose@indiana.edu N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Gonadal Steroid Hormones N1 - References: Berenbaum, S.A., Hines, M., Early androgens are related to childhood sex-typed toy preferences (1992) Psychological Science, 3, pp. 203-206; Berenbaum, S.A., Snyder, E., Early hormonal influences on childhood sex-typed activity and playmate preferences: Implications for the development of sexual orientation (1995) Developmental Psychology, 31, pp. 31-112; Breslow, N., A generalized Kruskall-Wallis test for comparing k samples subject to unequal patterns of censorship (1970) Biometrika, 57, pp. 579-594; Brim Jr., O.G., Family structure and sex role learning by children: A further analysis of Helen Koch's data (1958) Sociometry, 21, pp. 1-16; Cole-Harding, S., Morstad, A.L., Wilson, J.R., Spatial ability in members of opposite-sex twin pairs (1988) Behavior Genetics Abstracts, 18, p. 710; Elizabeth, P.M., Green, R., Childhood sex-role behaviors: Similarities and differences in twins (1984) Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae, 33, pp. 173-179; Henderson, B.A., Berenbaum, S.A., Sex-typed play in opposite-sex twins (1997) Developmental Psychobiology, 31, pp. 115-123; Hope, A., (1894) The Dolly Dialogues, , New York: Henry Holt and Co; Koch, H.L., Sissiness and tomboyishness in relation to sibling characteristics (1956) The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 88, pp. 231-244; Koch, H.L., (1966) Twins and Twin Relations, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Lippa, R., Some psychometric characteristics of gender diagnosticity measures: Reliability, validity, consistency across domains, and relationship to the big five (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, pp. 1000-1011; Loehlin, J.C., Martin, N.G., A comparison of adult female twins from opposite-sex and same-sex pairs on variables related to reproduction (1998) Behavior Genetics, 28, pp. 21-27; Maccoby, E.E., Perspectives on gender development (2000) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, pp. 398-406; McFadden, D., A masculinizing effect on the auditory systems of human females having male co-twins (1993) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 90, pp. 11900-11904; McHale, S.M., Crouler, A.C., Tucker, C.J., Family context and gender role socialization in middle childhood: Comparing girls to boys and sisters to brothers (1999) Child Development, 70, pp. 990-1004; McHale, S.M., Updegraff, K.A., Helms-Erikson, H., Crouter, A.C., Sibling influences on gender development in middle childhood and early adolescence: A longitudinal study (2001) Developmental Psychology, 37, pp. 115-125; Miller, E., Prenatal sex hormone transfer: A reason to study opposite-sex twins (1994) Personality and Individual Differences, 17, pp. 511-529; Miller, E.M., Evidence from opposite-sex twins for the effects of prenatal sex hormones (1998) Males, Females, and Behavior, pp. 27-57. , L. Ellis & L. Ebertz (Eds.). Westport, CT: Praeger; Miller, E.M., Martin, N., Analysis of the effect of hormones on opposite-sex twin attitudes (1995) Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae, 44, pp. 41-52; Petersen, A.C., Crockett, L., Richards, M., Boxer, A., A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms (1988) Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17, pp. 117-133; Resnick, S.M., Gottesman, I.I., McGue, M., Sensation seeking in opposite-sex twins: An effect of prenatal hormones? (1993) Behavior Genetics, 23, pp. 323-329; Rose, R.J., Dick, D.M., Viken, R.J., Pulkkinen, L., Kaprio, J., Drinking or abstaining at age 14? A genetic epidemiological study (2001) Alcoholism: Clinical a Experimental Research, 25, pp. 1594-1604; Rose, R.J., Kaprio, J., Winter, T., Koskenvuo, M., Viken, R.J., Familial and 50-cioregional environmental effects on abstinence from alcohol at age sixteen (1999) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, (13 SUPPL.), pp. 63-74; Rosenberg, E.G., Sutton-Smith, B., Family interaction effects on masculinity-femininity (1968) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, pp. 117-120; Ruble, D., Martin, C., Gender development (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. III. Social, Emotional and Personality Development (5th Ed.), 3, pp. 933-1016. , W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.). New York: Wiley; Rust, J., Golombok, S., Hines, M., Johnston, K., The role of brothers and sisters in the gender development of preschool children (2000) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, pp. 292-303; Sutton-Smith, B., Rosenberg, B.G., (1970) The Sibling, , New York: Holt, Rinchart & Winston; Vom Saal, F.S., Sexual differentiation in litter-bearing mammals: Influence of sex of adjacent fetuses in utero (1989) Journal of Animal Science, 67, pp. 1824-1840; Wallen, K., Nature needs nurture: The interaction of hormonal and social influences on the development of behavioral sex differences in Rhesus monkeys (1996) Hormones and Behavior, 30, pp. 364-378; Wiggins, J., Substantive dimensions of self-report in the MMPI item pool (1966) Psychological Monographs, 80. , 22, Whole No. 630 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036581016&partnerID=40&md5=d4c77133d999fea9fec9411f9a1d134a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tracking body mass index from adolescence into adulthood: 18-20 years follow-up of the Oslo Youth Study ST - Stabilitet i kroppsmasseindeks fra ungdom til voksen T2 - Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening J2 - Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. VL - 122 IS - 9 SP - 894 EP - 900 PY - 2002 SN - 00292001 (ISSN) AU - Kvaavik, E. AU - Tell, G.S. AU - Klepp, K.-I. AD - Inst. for Ernæringsforskning, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway AB - Background. The purpose of this study was to track the development of body mass index from adolescence into adulthood and to study the association between parental and offspring's body mass index. Material and methods. From 1979, 506 children participated in a twenty-years follow-up study. Mean age in 1979 was 13 years. Participants' weight and height were measured in 1979, 1981 and 1991, and self-reported in 1999. Weight and height of parents were reported in 1979 and in 1981. The cohort in this paper was followed up until 1999. Results. In 1999, 26% of women and 53% of men had body mass index (BMI: weight in kg/height in meters2) ≥ 25, and 7% of women and 11% of men had BMI ≥ 30. Participants in the highest quartile of BMI in 1981 had significantly higher BMI in 1999 compared to those in the lowest 1981 quartile (mean and 95% confidence interval was 27.7 (27.0-28.3) kg/m2 versus 22,0 (21.3-22.7) kg/m2). The highest 1981 quartile also had a higher proportion of overweight and obese participants in 1999 than those in the lowest quartile; 64.8% overweight and 27% obese versus 18.8% overweight and 0.9% obese. Participants whose both parents were in the normal weight range in 1981 had lower mean body mass index in 1999 than those with one parent overweight, and a smaller proportion of them were overweight than among participants with both parents overweight. Interpretation. The probability of overweight in adulthood is predicted by both one's own relative weight during adolescence and by parental relative weight 18 years earlier. KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child development KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - male KW - obesity KW - parent KW - probability KW - progeny KW - relative KW - sex difference KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - genetics KW - obesity KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: TNLAA C2 - 12082831 LA - Norwegian N1 - Correspondence Address: Kvaavik, E.; Inst. for Ernæringsforskning, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; email: ekvaavik@basalmed.uio.no N1 - References: Tverdal, A., Forekomsten av fedme blant 40-42-åringer i to perioder (2001) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 121, pp. 667-672; Bjerkedal, T., Beckstrøm, J.R., Brevik, J.I., Skåden, K., Høyde, vekt og kroppsmasseindeks ved sesjon for menn født i årene 1967-80 (2001) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 121, pp. 674-677; Jacobsen, B.K., Njølstad, I., Thune, I., Wilsgaard, T., Løchen, M.L., Schirmer, H., Increase in weight in all birth cohorts in a general population - The Tromsø study, 1974-1994 (2001) Arch. Intern. Med, 161, pp. 466-472; Tverdal, A., Høyde, vekt og kroppsmasseindeks for menn og kvinner i alderen 40-42 år (1996) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 116, pp. 2152-2156; Claudi, T., Midthjell, K., Holmen, J., Fougner, K., Krüger, Ø., Wiseth, R., Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in persons with type 2 diabetes diagnosed in a large population screening: The Nord-Trøndelag Diabetes Study, Norway (2000) J. Intern. Med, 248, pp. 492-500; Wilsgaard, T., Schirmer, H., Arnesen, E., Impact of body weight on blood pressure with a focus on sex differences (2000) Arch. Intern. Med, 160, pp. 2847-2853; Kaukua, J., Turpeinen, A., Uusitupa, M., Niskanen, L., Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prognostic significance and tracking (2001) Diabetes Obes. Metab, 3, pp. 17-23; Jousilahti, P., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease. A prospective follow-up study of 14786 middle-aged men and women in Finland (1999) Circulation, 99, pp. 1165-1172; Selmer, R., Tverdal, A., Body mass index and cardiovascular mortality at different levels of blood pressure: A prospective study of Norwegian men and women (1995) J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health, 49, pp. 265-270; Calle, E.E., Thun, M.J., Petrelli, J.M., Rodriguez, C., Health, C.W., Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults (1999) N. Engl. J. Med, 341, pp. 1097-1105; Dorn, J.M., Schisterman, E.F., Winkelstein W., Jr., Trevisan, M., Body mass index and mortality in a general population of men and women (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol, 146, pp. 919-931; Manson, J.E., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Hunter, D.J., Hankinson, S.E., Body weight and mortality among women (1995) N. Engl. J. Med, 333, pp. 677-685; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int. J. Obes, 23 (SUPPL. 8), pp. S1-S107; Wang, Y., Ge, K., Popkin, B.M., Tracking of body mass index from childhood to adolescence: A 6-y follow-up study in China (2000) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 72, pp. 1018-1024; Williams, S., Davie, G., Lam, F., Predicting BMI in young adults from childhood data using two approaches to modelling adiposity rebound (1999) Int. J. Obes, 23, pp. 348-354; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y (1994) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Myers, L., Coughlin, S.S., Webber, L.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Prediction of adult cardiovascular multifactorial risk status from childhood risk factor levels (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol, 142, pp. 918-924; Kemper, H.C.G., Snel, J., Verschuur, R., Stormvan Essen, L., Tracking of health and risk indicators of cardiovascular diseases from teenager to adult: Amsterdam growth and health study (1990) Prev. Med, 19, pp. 642-655; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N. Engl. J. Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Wilsgaard, T., Jacobsen, B.K., Schirmer, H., Thune, I., Løchen, M.-J., Njølstad, I., Tracking of cardiovascular risk factors. The Tromsø Study, 1979-1995 (2001) Am. J. Epidemiol, 154, pp. 418-426; Maes, H.H.M., Neale, M., Eaves, L.J., Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity (1997) Behav. Genet, 27, pp. 325-351; Klesges, R.C., Klesges, L.M., Eck, L.H., Shelton, M.L., A longitudinal analysis of accelerated weight gain in preschool children (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 126-130; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 376-381; (2000), Vekt - helse. Rapport nr. 1/2000. Oslo: Statens råd for ernæring og fysisk aktivitet; Kelder, S.H., Perry, C.L., Klepp, K.I., Lytle, L.L., Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical-activity, and food choice behaviors (1994) Am. J. Public Health, 84, pp. 1121-1126; Mahoney, L.T., Lauer, R.M., Lee, J., Clarke, W.R., Factors affecting tracking of coronary heart disease risk factors in children - The Muscatine study (1991) Ann. N. Y. Acad Sci, 623, pp. 120-132; Obesity. Preventing and managing the global epidemic (1998), Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. Geneve 3-5 june Genève: 1997 WHO; Tell, G.S., Epidemiology and prevention of chronic disease risk factors in adolescents: The Oslo Youth Study (1987), Oslo: Institutt for forebyggende medisin, Universitetet i Oslo, og Landsforeningen mot kreft; Tell, G.S., Cardiovascular disease risk factors related to sexual maturation: The Oslo Youth Study (1985) J. Chron. Dis, 38, pp. 633-642; Tanner, J.M., Growth at adolescence. 2. Utg (1962), Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication; (1987) Håndbok for Hjerte-karundersøkelsen, , Statens helseundersøkelser Oslo: 40-åringsprosjektet Statens helseundersøkelser; Bjerkedal, T., Brevik, J.I., Geografiske variasjoner i kroppsmasseindeks målt ved sesjon for menn født i Norge 1967-80 (2001) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 121, pp. 3505-3508; Korkeila, M., Kaprio, J., Rissanen, A., Koskenvuo, M., Consistency and change of body mass index and weight. A study on 5967 adult Finnish twin pairs (1995) Int. J. Obes, 19, pp. 310-317; Goran, M.I., Shewchuk, R., Gower, B.A., Nagy, T.R., Carpenter, W.H., Johnson, R.K., Longitudinal changes in fatness in white children: No effect of childhood energy expenditure (1998) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 67, pp. 309-316; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Manor, O., Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth ti early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1331-1335 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037051560&partnerID=40&md5=2ccdae70e918f5a6eeddb1371d8dc6c8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early employment careers of people with disabilities in the National Child Development Study T2 - Work J2 - Work VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 87 PY - 2002 SN - 10519815 (ISSN) AU - Pilling, D.S. AD - Rehabilitation Resource Centre, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To compare the early employment careers of people with disabilities and their non-disabled contemporaries. Study design: The employment of 436 people with disabilities was investigated between the ages of 23 and 33. The sample were part of a continuing longitidinal study, the National Child Development Study (NCDS), of some 17,000 people born during one week in 1958 and living in England, Wales and Scotland. Cross-tabulations were carried out comparing the employment of people with disabilities and that of their non-disabled counterparts using SPSS for Windows. Results: Despite the majority of the sample not having difficulties with everyday activities people with disabilities were disadvantaged in terms of educational and vocational qualifications, employment rates and earnings. Those with physical disabilities fared better than the other disability groups in terms of employment and earnings, among this group men with 'below average' educational and vocational qualifications differing most from their non-disabled counterparts and women with 'above average' qualifications differing least. Conclusions: Findings indicate the importance of educational and vocational qualifications for those with disabilities, for more emphasis on job retention, for measures against wage discrimination, and for job placement assistance for some groups of those with a disability. KW - Disability KW - Employment KW - National Child Development Study KW - adult KW - article KW - child development KW - computer program KW - controlled study KW - disabled person KW - education KW - employment KW - female KW - gender KW - human KW - income KW - job finding KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - physical disability KW - United Kingdom KW - vocational education KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Disabled Persons KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Income KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: WORKF C2 - 12441593 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pilling, D.S.; Rehabilitation Resource Centre, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom; email: D.S.Pilling@city.ac.uk N1 - References: Baldwin, M., Johnson, W.G., Labor market discrimination against men with disabilities (1994) Journal of Human Resources, 29 (1), pp. 1-19; Brading, J., Curtis, J., Disability Discrimination, A practical guide to the new law (2000), Kogan Page, London; Fawcett, G., Living with disability in Canada: An economic portrait (1996), Human Resources Development Canada, Quebec; Grundy, E., Ahlburg, D., Ali, M., Breeze, E., Sloggett, A., Disability in Great Britain: Results from the 1996/7 follow-up to the Family Resources Survey (1999), Department of Social Security, Corporate Document Services, Leeds; Kaye, H.S., Is the status of people with disabilities improving? (1998), Disability Statistics Abstract, US Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Washington, DC; Kidd, M.P., Sloane, P., Ferko, I., Disability and the labour market: An analysis of British males (2000) Journal of Health Economics, 19, pp. 961-981; LaPlante, M.P., Kennedy, J., Kaye, H.S., Wenger, B.L., Disability and Employment (1996), Abstract 11. Disability Statistics Center, University of California, San Francisco; Martin, J., White, A., The financial circumstances of disabled adults living in private households. OPCS surveys of disability in Great Britain (1988), Report 2, HMSO, London; Martin, J., Meltzer, H., Elliott, D., The prevalence of disability among adults. OPCS surveys of disability in Great Britain (1988), Report 1, HMSO, London; Martin, J., White, A., Meltzer, H., Disabled adults: Services, transport and employment. OPCS surveys of disability in Great Britain (1989), Report 4, HMSO, London; Meager, N., Bates, P., Dench, S., Honey, S., Williams, M., Employment of disabled people: Assessing the extent of participation (1998), Research Report RR69, DfEE; Prescott-Clarke, P., Employment and handicap (1990), SCPR, London; Trupin, L., Yelin, E., The employment experiences of persons with limitations in physical functioning (1999), An Analysis of the 1996 California Work and Health Survey. Disability Statistics Report (12), US Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Washington, DC; Trupin, L., Sebasta, D.S., Yelin, E., LaPlante, M.P., Trends in labor force participation among persons with disabilities, 1983-1994 (1997), Disability Statistics Report (10) US Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Washington, DC; Walker, A., Underqualified and underemployed: Handicapped young people and the labour market (1982), MacMillan Press and National Children's Bureau, London; Organisation International classification of diseases (1977) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death, 1. , World Health WHO, Geneva UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036124596&partnerID=40&md5=0d27c9379d146e0a5f9a338f63b4cbac ER - TY - JOUR TI - Basic principles of epidemiological studies of epilepsy ST - Principios básicos para estudios epidemiológicos en epilepsia T2 - Revista de Neurologia J2 - Rev. Neurol. VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 519 EP - 526 PY - 2002 SN - 02100010 (ISSN) AU - Martínez-Bermejo, A. AD - Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, E-28046 Madrid, Spain AB - Objective. Until recently there were few epidemiological studies of epilepsy. This was probably due to lack of knowledge of concepts of epidemiology and lack of common criteria for the design of investigations. Fortunately, in recent years many studies have been published in both developed and undeveloped countries, in different age groups and dealing with all aspects of epilepsy. We wish to describe the main concepts of neuroepidemiology and methods of epidemiological measurements as applied to epilepsy. Development. We describe the criteria for planning an epidemiological study including concept of the problem, selection of the model and methods and finally treatment of the data and interpretation of the results. We analyze the sample being studied and its variables. We define the concepts of clinical trial, field trial, transverse studies, sampling, study of cohorts, case control, metanalysis, sensitivity and specificity of a test. We quote the definitions and basic criteria of the International League against Epilepsy when beginning an epidemiological study of epilepsy. Finally, we review the most recent epidemiological studies, with particular emphasis on those carried out in our setting. Conclusions. Epidemiological studies are fundamental to the establishment of conclusions and advances in the investigation of epilepsy. The support of an epidemiologist is essential. KW - Epidemiology KW - Epilepsy KW - Incidence KW - Prevalence KW - article KW - case control study KW - cohort analysis KW - data analysis KW - epilepsy KW - human KW - medical research KW - meta analysis KW - sample KW - sensitivity and specificity KW - clinical trial KW - epidemiology KW - Clinical Trials KW - English Abstract KW - Epilepsy KW - Human KW - Sampling Studies KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: RVNRA C2 - 12040495 LA - Spanish N1 - Correspondence Address: Martínez-Bermejo, A.; Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, E-28046 Madrid, Spain; email: med014988@saludalia.es N1 - References: Rothman, K., Greenland, S., (1998) Modern epidemiology, , Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; Rebagliato, M., Ruiz, I., Arranz, M., (1996) Metodología de investigación en epidemiologia, , Madrid: Diaz de Santos; Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 489-501; Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399; Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 592-596; Manford, M., Hart, Y.M., Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., The National General Practice Study of Epilepsy. The syndromic classification of the ILAE applied to epilepsy in a general population (1992) Arch Neurol, 49, pp. 801-808; Gómez-Alonso, J., Consideraciones sobre la clasificación de las epilepsias (1996) Neurologia, 11, pp. 5-12; Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Del Rey, J., Alegre, E., Villar, F., Estudios experimentales (2001) Medicina preventiva y salud pública, pp. 123-131. , Gálvez R, et al, eds. Barcelona: Masson; Bolumar, F., Rebagliato, M., Torres, A.M., Estrategias de diseño en epidemiología. Tipos de estudios (2001) Medicina preventiva y salud pública, pp. 79-86. , Gálvez R, et al, eds. Barcelona: Masson; Nieto-Barrera, M., Problemas diagnósticos en las epilepsias del niño (1998) Rev Neurol, 26, pp. 298-301; Cruz, M.E., Barberis, P., Schoemberg, B.S., Epidemiology of epilepsy (1986) Neurology, pp. 229-239. , Poeck K, Freund HJ, Ganshurt H, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; Longstreth, W.T., Koepsell, T.D., Nelson, L.M., Van Belle, G., Overview of neuroepidemiology: Classic and clinical (1990) Neuroepidemiologia, pp. 3-17. , Alfaro A, Palao A, Sancho-Rieger J, eds. Barcelona: MCR; Bell, G.S., Sander, J.W., CPD-education and self-assessment. The epidemiology of epilepsy: The size of the problem (2001) Seizure, 10, pp. 306-316; Mulas, F., García-Tena, J., Epidemiología y clasifícación de las epilepsias (1994) Rev Neurol, 22, pp. 131-139; Sancho-Rieguer, J., Pascual-Leone, P., Pascual-Leone García, A., Laínez, J.M., Epidemiología de la epilepsia (1990) Neuroepidemiología, pp. 55-61. , Alfaro A, Palao A, Sancho Rieger J, eds. Barcelona: MCR; Beilmann, A., Napa, A., Soot, A., Talvik, I., Talvik, T., Prevalence of childhood in Estonia (1999) Epilepsia, 40, pp. 1011-1019; Kwong, K.L., Chak, W.K., Wong, S.N., So, K.T., Epidemiology of childhood epilepsy in a cohort of 309 chinese children (2001) Pediatr Neurol, 24, pp. 276-282; Sawhney, I.M., Sing, A., Kaur, P., Suri, G., Chopra, J.S., A case control study and one year follow-up of registered epilepsy cases in a resettlement colony of North India, a developing tropical country (1999) J Neurol Sci, 165, pp. 31-35; Kun, L.N., Ling, L.W., Wath, Y.W., Lian, T.T., Epidemiologic study of epilepsy in young Singaporean men (1999) Epilepsia, 40, pp. 1384-1387; Shintani, S., Tsuruoka, S., Shiigai, T., Prevalence of genuine epilepsy among adult emergency patients with an episode of unconsciousness (2001) J Neurol Sci, 182, pp. 129-135; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 Year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) Br Med J, 316, pp. 339-342; Knake, S., Rosenow, F., Vescovi, M., Oertel, W.H., Mueller, H.H., Wirbatz, A., Incidence of status epilepticus in adults in Germany: A prospective, population-based study (2001) Epilepsia, 42, pp. 714-718; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Levy, S.R., Testa, F.M., Smith-Papaport, S., Beckerman, B., Early development of intractable epilepsy in children: A prospective study (2001) Neurology, 56, pp. 1445-1452; Scheepers, B., Clough, P., Pickles, C., The misdiagnosis of epilepsy: Findings of a population study (1998) Seizure, 7, pp. 403-406; Lhatoo, S.D., Johnson, A.L., Goodridge, D.M., MacDonald, B.K., Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., Mortality in epilepsy in the first 11 to 14 years after diagnosis: Multivariate analysis of a long-term, prospective, population-based cohort (2001) Ann Neurol, 49, pp. 336-344; Lagan, Y., Nolan, N., Hutchinson, M., The incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in South Dublin and Wicklow (1998) Seizure, 7, pp. 355-358; Kjeldsen, M.J., Kyvik, K.O., Christensen, K., Friis, M.L., Genetic and environmental factors in epilepsy: A population-based study of 11,900 Danish twin pairs (2001) Epilepsy Res, 44, pp. 167-178; Vuilleumier, P., Jallon, P., EpiIepsie et troubles psychiatriques: Données épidémiologiques (1998) Rev Neurol (Paris), 154, pp. 305-317; MacDonald, B.K., Cockerel, O.C., Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., The incidence and lifetime prevalence of neurological disorders in a prospective community-based study in the UK (2000) Brain, 123, pp. 665-676; Josty, I.C., Narayanan, V., Dickson, W.A., Burns in patients with epilepsy: Changes in epidemiology and implications for burn treatment and prevention (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 453-456; Salur, L., Uibo, O., Talvik, I., Justus, I., Metskula, K., Talvik, T., The high frecuency of coeliac disease among children with neurological disorders (2000) Eur J Neurol, 7, pp. 707-711; Lhatoo, S.D., Sander, J.W., The epidemiology of epilepsy and learning disability (2001) Epilepsia, 42, pp. 6-9; Begley, C.E., Famulari, M., Annegers, J.F., Lairson, D.R., Reynolds, T.F., Coan, S., The cost of epilepsy in the United States: An estimate from population-based clinical and survey data (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 342-351; Rochat, P., Hallas, J., Gaist, D., Friis, M.L., Antiepileptic drug utilization: A Danish prescription database analysis (2001) Acta Neurol Scand, 104, pp. 6-11; Wong, I.C., Mawer, G.E., Sander, J.W., Adverse event monitoring in lamotrigine patients: A pharmacoepidemiologic study in the United Kingdom (2001) Epilepsia, 42, pp. 237-244; Holmes, L.B., Harvey, E.A., Coull, B.A., Huntington, K.B., Khoshbin, S., Hayes, A.M., The teratogenicity of anticonvulsivant drugs (2001) N Engl J Med, 344, pp. 1132-1138; Kalviainen, R., Nousiainen, I., Visual fields defects with vigabatrin: Epidemiologic and therapeutic implications (2001) CNS Drugs, 15, pp. 217-230; Corda, D., Gelisse, P., Genton, P., Dravet, C., Baldy-Moulinier, M., Incidence of drug-induced aggravation in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (2001) Epilepsia, 42, pp. 754-759; Sillanpää, M., Epidemiology of intractable epilepsy in children (1995) Intractable epilepsy, pp. 13-23. , Johannessen SI, Gram L, Sillanpää M, Tomson T, eds. Petersfield: Wrightson Biomedical Publishing; Forsgren, L., Epidemiology of intractable epilepsy in adults (1995) Intractable epilepsy, pp. 25-40. , Johannessen SI, Gram L, Sillanpää M, Tomson T, eds. Petersfield: Wrightson Biomedical Publishing; Nieto-Barrera, M., Neuroepidemiología de las epilepsias (1988) An Esp Pediatr, 29, pp. 59-63; Ochoa-Sangrador, C., Palencia-Luaces, R., Study of the prevalence of epilepsy among schoolchildren in Valladolid, Spain (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 791-797; Carrasco, J.L., Sellers, G., (1994) Análisis de datos epidemiológicos de la epilepsia en España. 1 ed., p. 80. , Centro de Investigación Bioestadística GABA. Madrid: Cibest; Oller-Daurella, L., Oller Ferrer-Vidal, L., Lagunas, M.A., Carol, A., Russi, A., Sánchez-Romera, M.E., Banco de datos en epilepsia: Ejemplo práctico de informática médica. Revisión de una casuística global de 3.000 epilépticos (1986) An Med Intern, 3, pp. 72-75; Oller-Daurella, L., Oller Ferrer-Vidal, L., Datos de interés epidemiológico que pueden extraerse de una casuística de 5.000 epilépticos (1986) Boll Lega Ital Epil, 54-55, pp. 297-304; Ramos-Lizana, J., Carrasco, L., Vázquez-López, M., Calvo, M.D., Cassinello, E., Epidemiología de la epilepsia en la edad pediátrica: Tipos de crisis epilépticas y síndromes epilépticos (1996) An Esp Pediatr, 45, pp. 256-260; Onsurbe, I., Hernández-Rodríguez, M., Aparicio-Meix, J.M., Carrascosa, C., Incidencia de las epilepsias y síndromes epilépticos de la infancia en la provincia de Albacete (1999) An Esp Pediatr, 51, pp. 154-158; López-Pisón, J., Arana, T., Abenia, P., Galván, M., Muñoz-Albillos, M., Peña-Segura, J.L., Casuística de epilepsias idiopáticas y criptogénicas en una unidad de neuropediatría de referencia regional (2000) Rev Neurol, 31, pp. 733-738; Nieto, M., Lillo, M., Rodríguez-Collado, C., Candau, R., Correa, A., Epilepsia mioclónica severa de la infancia. Estudio epidemiológico analítico (2000) Rev Neurol, 30, pp. 620-624; Oller-Daurella, L., Oller Ferrer-Vidal, L., Partial epilepsy with seizures appearing in the first three years of life (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 820-826; Mauri-Llerda, J.A., Tejero, C., Íñiguez, C., Morales-Asín, F., Epidemiología de los distintos tipos de epilepsia vascular en adultos (1999) Rev Neurol, 28, pp. 293-296; Garcia de León, D., Incidencia y prevalencia de la epilepsia en una muestra completa y selectiva de adultos jóvenes (1986) Rev Esp Epilepsia, 1, pp. 35-38; Martínez-Bermejo, A., Polanco, I., López-Martín, V., Arcas, J., Royo, A., Tendero, A., Epilepsia en la enfermedad celíaca (1999) Rev Neurol, 28, p. 326; Martínez-Bermejo, A., Polanco, I., Royo, A., López-Martín, V., Arcas, J., Tendero, A., Estudio del síndrome de Gobbi en la población española (1999) Rev Neurol, 29, pp. 105-110; Argumosa, A., Herranz, J.L., El coste económico de la epilepsia infantil en España (2000) Rev Neurol, 30, pp. 104-108; Ramos-Lizana, J., Belmonte, M.J., Cassinello, E., Empleo de la Clasificación Internacional de las Epilepsias y Síndromes Epilépticos en los estudios epidemiológicos (2000) An Esp Pediatr, 52, pp. 296-297; Casas, C., Arcas, J., Arteaga, R., Castro-Gago, M., Domingo, R., Eiris, J., Espasmos infantiles. Tratamiento con vigabatrina. Análisis retrospectivo multicéntrico de resultados (1995) Rev Neurol, 23, p. 1258; Martínez-González, M.J., Garaizar, C., Prats, J.M., Evolución de la epilepsia infantil rebelde tratada con topiramato (2001) Rev Neurol, 32, pp. 405-408; Arroyo, S., Salas-Puig, J., Estudio abierto con tiagabina en epilepsia parcial (2001) Rev Neurol, 32, pp. 1041-1046. , Grupo Español de Investigación sobre Tiagabina; Herranz, J.L., Topiramato: Antiepiléptico de amplio espectro administrado a 224 pacientes con epilepsias rebeldes (2000) Rev Neurol, 31, pp. 822-828; Caviedes, B.E., Herranz, J.L., Arteaga, R., Armijo, J.A., En niños con epilepsias rebeldes, ¿vigabatrina o lamotrigina? (1999) Rev Neurol, 28, pp. 444-448; Oliveros-Juste, A., Bertol, V., Oliveros-Cid, A., Sánchez-Marín, B., Alarcia, R., Benefício terapéutico de la monoterapia con lamotrigina (1999) Rev Neurol, 29, pp. 1277-1284; Mauri-Llerda, J.A., Tejero, C., Espada, F., Íñiguez, C., Morales, F., Lamotrigina en epilepsia parcial y generalizada refractarias (2001) Rev Neurol, 32, pp. 42-45; Rufo, M., Rosso, M., Fernández-López, M., Nieto, M., Add-on Lamictal (lamotrigine) shows efficacy in the management of infants with complex epileptic seizures (1997) Epilepsia, 38 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S99; Martínez-Bennejo, A., López-Martín, V., Arcas, J., Roche, C., Tendero, A., Pascual-Castroviejo, I., Vigabatrin in resistant childhood epilepsy (1995) Epilepsia, 36 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S104; Arroyo, S., Fossa, P., Nieto-Barrera, M., Salas-Puig, X., Sánchez-Álvarez, J.C., Serratosa, J.M., Análisis de costeminimización del tratamiento antiepiléptico en monoterapia en pacientes con epilepsia de reciente diagnóstico: Situación en España (2000) Rev Neurol, 31, pp. 828-832; Motte, J., Trevathan, E., Arvidsson, J.F.V., Nieto-Barrera, M., Mullens, E.L., Manasco, P., Lamotrigine for generalized seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 1807-1812 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942738595&partnerID=40&md5=785c8982faaf30a76a71f534ebae52d5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socio-economic gradients in psychological distress: A focus on women, social roles and work-home characteristics T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 54 IS - 5 SP - 799 EP - 810 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00110-1 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Matthews, S. AU - Power, C. AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - A focus in the literature on determinants of women's health is the cost and benefit of occupying multiple roles as employee, spouse, and mother, yet little attention has been given to the work and home characteristics of different roles for women in paid and unpaid work. The impact of work-home factors on socio-economic gradients in health has also tended to be overlooked. This paper assesses the contribution of work-home factors on socio-economic differences in psychological distress among women, using data from the 1958 British birth cohort. Outcome measures include psychological distress and social class at age 33. Work-home measures include: (1) roles - employment, marital status, domestic responsibility and parental status (2) work characteristics - psychosocial job strain, insecurity, unsocial working hours, and (3) home characteristics - youngest child's age, total number of children, childcare responsibilities and having an older adult in the household (over 70 years). A social gradient in psychological distress exists: the odds ratio (OR) for classes IV and V versus. I and II was 3.02, adjusting for prior psychological distress reduces this to 2.36. Whilst, work and home factors were associated separately with distress and social class, the combined effect of work and home factors did not account for the class gradient in distress. This surprising result therefore implicates factors beyond adult social roles examined here in the development of socio-economic gradients. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - British birth cohort KW - Domestic responsibility KW - Inequality in health KW - Job-strain KW - Psychological distress KW - Women KW - medical geography KW - socioeconomic status KW - womens health KW - womens status KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - child care KW - controlled study KW - cost benefit analysis KW - distress syndrome KW - fee KW - female KW - human KW - marriage KW - mental stress KW - physical stress KW - psychosocial environment KW - responsibility KW - social class KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - work KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Housekeeping KW - Humans KW - Odds Ratio KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Women's Health KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :71 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 11999494 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Aneshensel, C.S., Frerichs, R.R., Clark, V.A., Family roles and sex differences in depression (1981) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22 (4), pp. 379-393; Arber, S., Class, paid employment and family roles: Making sense of structural disadvantage, gender and health status (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 32, p. 425; Barnett, R.C., How paradigms shape the stories we tell: Paradigm shifts in gender and health (1997) Journal of Social Issues, 53 (2), pp. 351-368; Barnett, R.C., Davidson, H., Marshall, N., Physical symptoms and the interplay of work and family roles (1991) Health Psychology, 10 (2), pp. 95-101; Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Firth, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Social position, social roles and womens health in England: Changing relationships 1984-1993 (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 48 (1), pp. 99-115; Baruch, G.K., Barnett, R.C., Role quality and psychological well-being (1987) Spouse, Parent, Worker, pp. 63-73. , F. J. Crosby (Ed.) New Haven: Yale University Press; Bird, C.E., Fremont, A.M., Gender, time use, and health (1991) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, pp. 114-129; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1978) Social origins of depression: A study of psychiatric disorder in women, , London: Tavistock; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Fox, J., (1989) Health inequalities in European countries, , Aldershot: Gower; Gore, S., Mangione, T.W., Social roles, sex roles and psychological distress: Additive and interactive models of sex differences (1983) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, pp. 300-312; Hall, E.M., Double exposure: The combined impact of the home and work environments on psychosomatic strain in Swedish women and men (1992) International Journal of Health Services, 22 (2), pp. 239-260; Haynes, S.G., Feinleib, M., Women, work and coronary heart disease: Prospective findings from the Framingham heart study (1980) American Journal of Public Health, 70 (2), pp. 133-141; Hibbard, J.H., Pope, C.R., Employment characteristics and health status among men and women (1987) Women and Health, 12 (2), pp. 85-102; Hibbard, J.H., Pope, C.R., Effects of domestic and occupational roles on morbidity and mortality (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 32 (7), pp. 805-811; Hong, J., Mailick Seltzer, M., The psychological consequences of multiple roles: The non normative case (1995) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, pp. 386-398; Hunt, K., Annandale, E., Just the job? Is the relationship between health and domestic and paid work gender specific? (1993) Sociology of Health and Illness, 15 (5), pp. 632-664; Jenkins, R., Sex differences in minor psychiatric morbidity (1985) Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement, 7, pp. 1-53; Karasek, R.A., Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: Implications for job redesign (1979) Administration Science Quarterly, 24, pp. 285-308; Karasek, R., Theorell, T., (1990) Healthy work, , New York: Basic Books; Khlat, M., Sermet, C., LePape, A., Women's health in relation with their family and work roles: France in the early 1990s (2000) Social Science and Medicine, 50, pp. 1807-1825; Lennon, M., Women, work, and well being: The importance of work conditions (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35 (3), pp. 235-247; Lennon, M.C., Rosenfield, S., Women and mental health: The interaction of job and family conditions (1992) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, pp. 316-327; Macintyre, S., Social inequalities and health in the contemporary world: A comparative overview (1998) Human biology and social inequality, , S. Strickland & P. Shetty (Eds.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 45 (5), pp. 761-771; Marmot, M.G., Fuhrer, R., Ettner, S.L., Marks, N.F., Bumpass, L.L., Ryff, C.D., Contribution of psychosocial factors to socioeconomic differences in health (1998) Milbank Quarterly, 76 (3), pp. 403-448; Martikainen, P., Womens employment, marriage, motherhood and mortality; A test of the multiple role and role accumulation hypotheses (1995) Social Science and Medicine, 40 (2), pp. 199-212; Martikainen, P., Stansfeld, S., Hemingway, H., Marmot, M., Determinants of socioeconomic differences in change in physical and mental functioning (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 499-507; Matthews, S., Hertzman, C., Ostry, A., Power, C., Gender, work roles and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46 (11), pp. 1417-1424; Matthews, S., Stansfeld, S., Power, C., Social support at age 33: The influence of gender, employment status and social class (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49 (1), pp. 133-142; Menaghan, E.G., Role changes and psychological well-being: Variations in effects by gender and role repertoire (1989) Social Forces, 67 (3), pp. 693-714; Nathanson, C.A., Social roles and health status among women: The significance of employment (1980) Social Science and Medicine, 14 (A), pp. 463-471; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Matthews, S., Hope, S., Manor, O., (2000) Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socio-economic differentials in psychological distress: Evidence from the 1958 birth cohort, forthcoming; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory in a national population sample (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34 (6), pp. 333-341; Romans-Clarkson, S.E., Walton, V.A., Herbison, G.P., Mullen, P.E., Marriage, motherhood and psychiatric morbidity in New Zealand (1988) Psychological Medicine, 18, pp. 983-990; Rose, D., (1995) A report on phase I of the ESRC review of OPCS social classifications, , London: OPCS; Rosenfield, S., The effects of womens employment: Personal control and sex differences in mental health (1989) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, pp. 77-91; Ross, C.E., Mirowsky, J., Households, employment and the sense of control (1992) Social Psychology Quarterly, 55 (3), pp. 217-235; Roxburgh, S., The effect of children on the mental health of women in the paid labor force (1997) Journal of Family Issues, 18 (3), pp. 270-289; Sieber, S.D., Toward a theory of role accumulation (1974) American Sociological Review, 39, pp. 567-578; Siegrist, J., Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions (1996) Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1 (1), pp. 27-41; Sogaard, A.J., Kritz-Silverstein, D., Wingard, D.L., Finnmark heart study: Employment status and parenthood as predictors of psychological health in women, 20-49 years (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 23 (1), pp. 82-90; Sorensen, G., Verbrugge, L.M., Women, work and health (1987) Annual Review of Public Health, 8, pp. 235-251; Surtees, P.G., Dean, C., Ingham, J.G., Kreitman, N.B., McMiller, P.C., Sashidharan, S.P., Psychiatric disorder in women from an Edinburgh community: Associations with demographic factors (1983) British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, pp. 238-246; Thoits, P.A., Multiple identities and psychological well-being: A reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis (1983) American Sociological Review, 48, pp. 174-187; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1992) Inequalities in health: The Black report and the health divide, , Harmondworth: Penguin; Verbrugge, L.M., Multiple roles and physical health of women and men (1983) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, pp. 16-30; Waldron, I., Employment and womens health: An analysis of causal relationships (1980) International Journal of Health Services, 10 (3), pp. 435-454; Waldron, I., Jacobs, J.A., Effects of labor force participation on womens health: New evidence from a longitudinal study (1988) Journal of Occupational Medicine, 30 (12), pp. 977-983; Walters, V., McDonough, P., The influence of work, household structure and social, personal and material resources on gender differences in health: An analysis of the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey, forthcoming (2000) CICRED seminar on 'Social and economic patterning of health among women. Tunis January 2000); Warr, P., Parry, G., Paid employment and womens psychological well-being (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 91 (3), pp. 498-516; Weich, S., Sloggett, A., Lewis, G., Social roles and gender difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, pp. 489-493; Williams, K.J., Suls, J., Alliger, G.M., Learner, S.M., Wan, C.K., Multiple role juggling and daily mood states in working mothers: An experience sampling study (1991) Journal of Applied Psychology, 76 (5), pp. 664-674 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036180103&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2801%2900110-1&partnerID=40&md5=c1f7858c52cfaa3d187ab055472976de ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of school quality on educational attainment and wages T2 - Review of Economics and Statistics J2 - Rev. Econ. Stat. VL - 84 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 20 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1162/003465302317331883 SN - 00346535 (ISSN) AU - Dearden, L. AU - Ferri, J. AU - Meghir, C. AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain AD - University College London, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom AB - The paper examines the effects of pupil-teacher ratios and type of school on educational attainment and wages using the British National Child Development Survey (NCDS). The NCDS is a panel survey that follows a cohort of individuals born in March 1958 and has a rich set of background variables recorded throughout the individuals' lives. The results suggest that, once we control for ability and family background, the pupil-teacher ratio has no impact on educational qualifications or on men's wages. It has an impact on women's wages at the age of 33, particularly those of low ability. We also find evidence that those who attend selective schools have better educational outcomes and, in the case of men, higher wages at the age of 33. The impact is greater for the type of individuals who are less likely to attend selective schools but for whom a comparison group does exist among those attending. N1 - Cited By :94 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dearden, L.; Institute for Fiscal Studies, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain N1 - References: Altonji, J.G., Dunn, T.A., Using siblings to estimate the effect of school quality on wages (1996) REVIEW, 78 (4), pp. 665-671; Behrman, J.R., Rosenzweig, M.R., Taubman, P., College choice and wages: Estimates using data on female twins (1996) REVIEW, 78 (4), pp. 672-685; Betts, J.R., Does school quality matter? Evidence from the national longitudinal survey of youth (1995) REVIEW, 77 (2), pp. 231-247. , May; Do school resources matter only for older workers? (1996) REVIEW, 78 (4), pp. 638-652; Card, D., Krueger, A.B., Does school quality matter? Returns to education and the characteristics of public schools in the United States (1992) Journal of Political Economy, 100 (1), pp. 1-40. , February; Coleman, J.S., Campbell, E.Q., Hobson, C.J., McPartland, J., Mood, A.M., Weinfeld, F.D., York, R.L., (1966) Equality of Educational Opportunity, , Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; Dearden, L., Qualifications and earnings in Britain: How reliable are conventional OLS estimates of the returns to education? (1999) Institute for Fiscal Studies working paper, W99-7; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) The Economic Journal, 107 (440), pp. 47-66; Dustmann, C., Rajah, N., Van Soest, A., School quality, exam performance and career choice (1997) University College London mimeograph; Feinstein, L., Symons, J., Attainment in secondary schools (1999) Oxford Economic Papers, 51 (2), pp. 300-321. , April; Hanushek, E.A., The economics of schooling: Production and efficiency in public schools (1986) Journal of Economic Literature, 24, pp. 1141-1177. , September; Hanushek, E.A., Kain, J.F., Rivkin, S.G., Teachers, schools, and academic achievement (1998) National Bureau of Economic Research working paper, W6691; Hanushek, E.A., Rivkin, S.G., Taylor, L.L., Aggregation and the estimated effects of school resources (1996) REVIEW, 78 (4), pp. 611-627; Harmon, C., Walker, I., The Returns to quantity and quality of education: Evidence for men in England and Wales (2000) Economica, 67 (265), pp. 19-35; Heckman, J.J., Cameron, S.V., Life cycle schooling and dynamic selection bias: Models and evidence for five Cohorts of American Males (1998) Journal of Political Economy, 106 (2), pp. 262-333. , April; Heckman, J.J., Ichimura, H., Todd, P.E., Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training program (1997) Review of Economic Studies, 64 (4), pp. 605-654; Heckman, J.J., Layne-Farrar, A.S., Todd, P.E., Human capital pricing equations with an application to estimating the effect of school quality on earnings (1996) REVIEW, 78 (4), pp. 562-610; Johnson, G.E., Stafford, F.P., Social returns to quantity and quality of schooling (1973) Journal of Human Resources, 8, pp. 139-155. , Spring; Krueger, A., Experimental estimates of education production functions (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (2), pp. 497-532; Krueger, A., Whitmore, D., The effect of attending a small class in the early grades on college-test taking and middle school test results: Evidence from project STAR (2001) Economic Journal, 111, pp. 1-28. , January; Lazear, E., Educational production (1999) Stanford University mimeograph; Loeb, S., Bound, J., The effect of measured school inputs on academic achievement: Evidence from the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s birth cohorts (1996) REVIEW, 78 (4), pp. 653-664; Moffitt, R.A., Symposium on school quality and educational outcomes: Introduction (1996) REVIEW, 78 (4), pp. 559-561; Robertson, D., Symons, J., (1996) Do Peer Groups Matter? Peer Group versus Schooling Effects on Academic Attainment, , Centre for Economic Performance discussion paper no. 311, London School of Economics; Rosenbaum, P.R., Rubin, D.B., The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effect (1983) Biometrika, 70, pp. 41-55; White, H., A heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroscedasticity (1980) Econometrica, 48, pp. 817-838 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036005222&doi=10.1162%2f003465302317331883&partnerID=40&md5=bcd613e0afedbc49d2bad09ff7e87251 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differing intergenerational birth weights among the descendants of US-born and foreign-born Whites and African Americans in Illinois T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. VL - 155 IS - 3 SP - 210 EP - 216 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1093/aje/155.3.210 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - Collins Jr., J.W. AU - Wu, S.-Y. AU - David, R.J. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, United States AD - Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States AB - The authors analyzed Illinois vital records to determine the intergenerational birth weight patterns among the descendants of US-born and foreign-born White and African-American women. Among the descendants of the generation 1 US-born White women (n = 91,061), generation 3 females had a birth weight 65 g more than that of their generation 2 mothers (p < 0.0001); generation 3 infants had a 10% lower moderately low birth weight (1,500-2,499 g) rate than did their generation 2 mothers: 5.0% versus 5.5% percent, respectively (relative risk = 0.9, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 0.9). Among the descendants of generation 1 European-born White women (n = 3,339), generation 3 females had a birth weight 45 g more than that of their generation 2 mothers (p < 0.0001). Among the descendants of generation 1 US-born African-American women (n = 31,699), generation 3 females had a birth weight 17 g more than that of their generation 2 mothers (p < 0.001). Among the descendants of generation 1 African/Caribbean-born women (n = 104), generation 3 females had a birth weight 57 g less than that of their generation 2 mothers; generation 3 females had a 40% greater moderately low birth weight rate than did their generation 2 mothers: 9.6% percent versus 6.7% percent (relative risk = 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.6, 3.6). Maternal age and marital status did not account for the birth weight trends. The authors conclude that the expected intergenerational rise in birth weight does not occur among the direct female descendants of foreign-born African-American women. KW - Blacks KW - Cohort effect KW - Ethnic groups KW - Infant KW - Low birth weight KW - African American KW - child health KW - epidemiology KW - racial identity KW - weight KW - article KW - birth weight KW - Caucasian KW - controlled study KW - ethnic group KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - negro KW - progeny KW - United States KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Effect KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Family KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Illinois KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Mothers KW - Parents KW - Paternal Age KW - Risk KW - United States N1 - Cited By :63 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 11821245 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Collins Jr., J.W.; Division of Neonatology - No. 45, Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Chicago, IL 60614, United States; email: jcollins@northwestern.edu N1 - References: Guyer, B., Hoyert, J., Martin, J., Annual summary of vital statistics - 1998 (1999) Pediatrics, 104, pp. 1229-1246; Kleinman, J., Kessel, S., Racial differences in low birth weight: Trends and risk factors (1987) N Engl J Med, 317, pp. 749-753; Collins, J., David, R., The differential effect of traditional risk factors on infant birthweight among Blacks and Whites in Chicago (1990) Am J Public Health, 80, pp. 679-681; Murray, J., Bernfield, M., The differential effect of prenatal care on the incidence of low birth weight among Blacks and Whites in a prepaid health plan (1988) N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1385-1391; Sheehan, T., Gregorio, D., Low birth weight in relation to the interval between pregnancies (1995) N Engl J Med, 333, pp. 386-391; Fox, S., Koepsell, T., Daling, J., Birth weight and smoking during pregnancy - Effect modification of maternal age (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 139, pp. 1008-1015; Coutinho, R., David, R., Collins, J., Relation of parental birth weights to infant birth weight among African Americans and Whites in Illinois: A transgenerational study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 146, pp. 804-809; Lumey, L., Stein, D., Offspring birth weights after maternal intrauterine undernutrition: A comparison within sibships (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 146, pp. 810-819; Emanuel, I., Maternal health during childhood and later reproductive performance (1986) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 477, pp. 27-39; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, (SUPPL. 1), pp. 45-60; David, R., Collins, J., Differing birth weight among infants of U.S.-born Blacks, African-born Blacks, and U.S.-born Whites (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 1209-1214; Pallotto, E., Collins, J., David, R., Enigma of maternal race and infant birth weight: A population-based study of US-born Black and Caribbean-born Black women (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 151, pp. 1080-1085; Singh, G., Yu, S., Adverse pregnancy outcomes: Differences between US- and foreign-born women in major US racial and ethnic groups (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 837-843; Schessalman, J., (1982) Case-control studies: design, conduct, and analysis, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Kessel, S., Berendes, H., The changing pattern of low birth weight in the United States, 1970 to 1980 (1984) JAMA, 251, pp. 1978-1982; Evans, S., Alberman, E., Pashley, J., Intergenerational Collaborative Effort (ICE) on birthweight, plurality, and perinatal and infant mortality. II. Comparisons between birthweight distribution of births in member countries from 1970 to 1984 (1989) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 68, pp. 11-17; Wegman, M., Annual summary of vital statistics: 1975 (1976) Pediatrics, 58, pp. 793-799; Race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status - Research exploring their effects on child health: A subject review (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. 1349-1352; Jones, C.P., Levels of racism: A theoretic framework and a gardener's tale (2000) Am J Public Health, 90, pp. 1212-1215; David, R.J., Collins Jr., J.W., Bad outcomes in black babies: Race or racism? (1991) Ethn Dis, 1, pp. 236-244; McCormick, M., The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity (1985) N Engl J Med, 312, pp. 82-90; Initiative to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health, , http//raceandhealth.hhs.gov/ UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036468224&doi=10.1093%2faje%2f155.3.210&partnerID=40&md5=7992d874a3b7fb6ed05f1133b650a822 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tracking of systolic blood pressure during childhood: A 15-year follow-up population-based family study in eastern Finland T2 - Journal of Hypertension J2 - J. Hypertens. VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 195 EP - 202 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1097/00004872-200202000-00008 SN - 02636352 (ISSN) AU - Fuentes, R.M. AU - Notkola, I.-L. AU - Shemeikka, S. AU - Tuomilehto, J. AU - Nissinen, A. AD - Department of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland AB - Objectives: To investigate the tracking of systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) during childhood. Design and setting: All children born during 1981-82 in a rural community of eastern Finland were followed at the ages of 6 months, 7 and 15 years (SBP-6m, SBP-7y, SBP-15y). One hundred and thirty-eight out of 205 children completed the full follow-up period, of which 100 (45 girls) were included in the analysis with complete data. Main outcome measures: SBP (mmHg). Results: SBP-6m was associated with SBP-7y (r = 0.715; P < 0.001) and with SBP-15y (r = 0.238; P = 0.017) and SBP-7y was associated with SBP-15y (r = 0.348; P < 0.001). Adjustment for confounders did not change these results. Children at the highest tertile of SBP-6m had a higher probability of being at the highest tertile of SBP-7y [relative risk (RR) = 4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), (2.4-7.6)] and SBP-15y [RR = 1.9; 95% CI, (1.1-3.3)]. Children at the highest tertile of SBP-7y had a higher probability of being at the highest tertile of SBP-15y [RR = 2.6 (1.5-4.6)]. The regression analysis showed a significant main effect on SBP-15y for birth weight (negative association), male gender, current body mass index (BMI), change of BMI between the ages of 7 years and 15 years, SBP-6m, SBP-7y and the mean SBP between the ages of 6 months and 7 years (all with positive association). Children with family history of hypertension appear to have a higher SBP during childhood; however, this association did not reach a significant level. Conclusions: The study confirmed the tracking of SBP during childhood. Birth weight was inversely associated with SBP-15y. Family history of hypertension was not significantly associated with SBP during childhood. © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. KW - Birth-cohort KW - Birthweight KW - Blood pressure KW - Childhood KW - Familial aggregation KW - Hypertension KW - Tracking KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth weight KW - blood pressure monitoring KW - body mass KW - child KW - family history KW - family study KW - female KW - Finland KW - gender KW - human KW - hypertension KW - infant KW - male KW - normal human KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - systolic blood pressure KW - Age Factors KW - Birth Weight KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Family Health KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Infant KW - Infant Welfare KW - Male KW - Risk Factors KW - Rural Health KW - Sex Factors KW - Statistics KW - Systole N1 - Cited By :53 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOHYD C2 - 11821703 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fuentes, R.M.; Department of Public Health, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; email: ricardo.fuentes@messi.uku.fi N1 - References: Blood pressure, cholesterol, and stroke in eastern Asia (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 1801-1807; MacMahon, S., Peto, R., Cutler, J., Collins, R., Sorlie, P., Neaton, J., Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: Prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 765-774; Jousilahti, P., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., Pekkanen, J., Puska, P., Effect of risk factors and changes in risk factors on coronary mortality in three cohorts of middle-aged people in eastern Finland (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. 50-60; Strokes, J., Kannel, W.B., Wolf, P.A., D'Agostino, R.B., Cupples, L.A., Blood pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study - 30 years of follow-up (1989) Hypertension, 13, pp. 133-135; Klag, M.J., Whelton, P.K., Randall, B.L., Neaton, J.D., Brancati, F.L., Ford, C.E., Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men (1996) N Engl J Med, 334, pp. 13-18; Tuomilehto, J., Geboers, J., Salonen, J.T., Nissinen, A., Kuulasmaa, K., Puska, P., Decline in cardiovascular mortality in North Karelia and other parts of Finland (1986) BMJ (Clin Res Ed), 293, pp. 1068-1071; Salomaa, V., Miettinen, H., Kuulasmaa, K., Niemela, M., Ketonen, M., Vuorenmaa, T., Decline of coronary heart disease mortality in Finland and during 1983 to 1992: Roles of incidence, recurrence, and case-fatality. The FINMONICA MI Register Study (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 3130-3137; Wolf, H.K., Tuomilehto, J., Kuulasmaa, K., Domarkiene, S., Cepaitis, Z., Molarius, A., Blood pressure levels in the 41 populations of the WHO MONICA Project (1997) J Hum Hypertens, 11, pp. 733-742; Hofman, A., Valkenburg, H.A., Maas, J., Groustra, F.N., The natural history of blood pressure in childhood (1985) Int J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 91-96; Lauer, R.M., Burns, T.L., Clarke, W.R., Mahoney, L.T., Childhood predictors of future pressure (1991) Hypertension, 18 (SUPPL. 3), pp. 174-181; Elliott, W.J., Blood pressure tracking (1997) J Cardiovasc Risk, 4, pp. 251-256; Rosner, B., Cook, N.R., Evans, D.A., Keough, M.E., Taylor, J.O., Polk, B.F., Hennekens, C.H., Reproducibility and predictive values of routine blood pressure measurements in children. Comparison with adult values and implications for screening children for elevated blood pressure (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 126, pp. 1115-1125; Gillman, M.W., Cook, N.R., Rosner, B., Beckett, L.A., Evans, D.A., Keough, M.E., Childhood blood pressure tracking correlations corrected for within-person variability (1992) Stat Med, 11, pp. 1187-1194; Chuang-Stein, C., Tong, D.M., The impact and implication of regression to the mean on the design and analysis of medical investigations (1997) Stat Meth Med Res, 6, pp. 115-128; Lambrechtsen, J., Rasmussen, F., Hansen, H.S., Jacobsen, I.A., Tracking and factors predicting rising in tracking quartile in blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: Odense Schoolchildren Study (1999) J Hum Hypertens, 13, pp. 385-391; Altman, D.G., (1995) Practical statistics for medical research, pp. 276-324. , London: Chapman & Hall; Nelson, M.J., Ragland, D.R., Syme, S.L., Longitudinal prediction of adult blood pressure from juvenile blood pressure levels (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 633-645; Yong, L.-C., Kuller, L.H., Rutan, G., Bunker, C., Longitudinal study of blood pressure: Changes and determinants from adolescence to middle age. The Dormont High School Follow-up Study, 1957-1963 to 1989-1990 (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 138, pp. 973-983; Tate, R.B., Manfreda, J., Krahn, A.D., Cuddy, E., Tracking of blood pressure over a 40-year period in the University of Manitoba Follow-up Study, 1948-1988 (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 946-954; Burke, G.L., Voors, A.W., Shear, C.L., Webber, L.S., Smoak, C.G., Cresanta, J.L., Berenson, G.S., Blood pressure (1987) Pediatrics, 80 (SUPPL.), pp. 784-788; De Swiet, M., Fayers, P., Shinebourne, E.A., Blood pressure in first 10 years of life: The Brompton study (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 23-26; Suh, I., Nam, C.M., Lee, E.S., Kim, I.S., Lee, S.Y., Blood pressure tracking in Korean schoolchildren (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 710-715; Sánchez-Bayle, M., Muñoz-Fernández, M.T., González-Requejo, A., A longitudinal study of blood pressure in Spanish schoolchildren (1999) Arch Dis Child, 81, pp. 169-171; Palti, H., Gofin, R., Adler, B., Grafstein, O., Belmaker, E., Tracking of blood pressure over an eight year period in Jerusalem school children (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 731-735; Suh, I., Nam, C.M., Jee, S.H., Kim, S.I., Lee, K.H., Kim, H.C., Kim, C.S., Twelve-year tracking of blood pressure in Korean school children: The Kangwha Study (1999) Yonsei Med J, 40, pp. 383-387; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolf, O.H., Douglas, J.W.B., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) BMJ, 283, pp. 13-17; Rolland-Cachera, M.-F., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., The prediction in boys and girls of the weight/height2 index and various skinfold measurements in adults: A two-decade follow-up study (1989) Int J Obes, 13, pp. 305-311; Muramatsu, S., Sato, Y., Miyao, M., Muramatsu, T., Ito, A., A longitudinal study of obesity in Japan: Relationship of body habitus between at birth and at age 17 (1990) Int J Obes, 14, pp. 39-45; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Williams, S., Davie, G., Lam, F., Predicting BMI in young adults from childhood data using two approaches to modelling adiposity rebound (1999) Int J Obes, 23, pp. 348-354; Laor, A., Stevenson, D.K., Shemer, J., Gale, R., Seidman, D.S., Size at birth, maternal nutritional status in pregnancy, and blood pressure at age 17: Population based analysis (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 449-453; Nilsson, P.M., Östergren, P.-O., Nyberg, P., Söderström, M., Allebeck, P., Low birth weight is associated with elevated systolic blood pressure in adolescence: A prospective study of a birth cohort of 149 378 Swedish boys (1997) J Hypertens, 15, pp. 1627-1631; Stocks, N.P., Smith, D., Blood pressure and birthweight in first year university students aged 18-25 (1999) Public Health, 113, pp. 273-277; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: A systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hypertens, 18, pp. 815-831; Eriksson, J.G., Forsén, T., Tuomilehto, J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: Longitudinal study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 427-431; Hulman, S., Edwards, R., Chen, Y.Q., Polansky, M., Falkner, B., Blood pressure patterns in the first three days of life (1991) J Perinatol, 11, pp. 231-234; O'Sullivan, M.J., Kearney, P.J., Crowley, M.J., The influence of some perinatal variables on neonatal blood pressure (1996) Acta Paediatr, 85, pp. 849-853; Alves, J.G., Vilarim, J.N., Figueiroa, J.N., Fetal influences on neonatal blood pressure (1999) J Perinatol, 19, pp. 593-595; Rabbia, F., Veglio, F., Grosso, T., Nacca, R., Martini, G., Riva, P., Relationship between birth weight and blood pressure in adolescence (1999) Prev Med, 29, pp. 455-459; Munger, R.G., Prineas, R.J., Gomez-Marin, O., Persistent elevation of blood pressure among children with a family history of hypertension: The Minneapolis children's blood pressure study (1988) J Hypertens, 6, pp. 647-653; Burke, G.L., Savage, P.J., Sprafka, J.M., Selby, J.V., Jacobs, D.R., Perkins, L.L., Relation of risk factor levels in young adulthood to parental history of disease. The CARDIA Study (1991) Circulation, 84, pp. 1176-1187; Mo, R., Omvik, P., Lund-Johansen, P., The Bergen Blood Pressure Study: Offspring of two hypertensive parents have significantly higher blood pressures than offspring of one hypertensive and one normotensive parent (1995) J Hypertens, 13, pp. 1614-1617; Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., The relation of parental cardiovascular disease to risk factors in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1995) Circulation, 91, pp. 365-371; Taittonen, L., Association of blood pressure with familial factors, prenatal and postnatal factors, insulin and trace elements in children and adolescents (1997) Acta Univ Oul, D424, pp. 37-42; Naruse, Y., Nakagawa, H., Kagamimori, S., Fujita, Y., Hashimoto, T., Kasamatsu, T., Relationship of parental history of high blood pressure to blood pressure: Combined findings of three Japanese population sampsamples, the INTERSALT study (1998) J Hum Hypertens, 12, pp. 215-220; Fuentes, R.M., Notkola, I.-L., Shemeikka, S., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Familial aggregation of blood pressure: A population-based family study in eastern Finland (2000) J Hum Hypertens, 14, pp. 441-445 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036464210&doi=10.1097%2f00004872-200202000-00008&partnerID=40&md5=27b30cc00352f2f92720dd0979ef0631 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fetal or infant death in twin pregnancy: Neurodevelopmental consequence for the survivor T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. VL - 86 IS - 1 SP - F9 EP - F15 PY - 2002 SN - 13592998 (ISSN) AU - Glinianaia, S.V. AU - Pharoah, P.O.D. AU - Wright, C. AU - Rankin, J.M. AU - Northern Region Perinatal Mortality Survey Steering Group AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Regional Maternity Survey Office, School of Health Sciences, The Medical School, The University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Pathology, Regional Maternity Survey Office, 25 Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AA, United Kingdom AB - Aim: To determine the neurodevelopmental morbidity in the surviving twin after fetal or infant death of the co-twin. Methods: Twin pregnancies with an antepartum or infant death delivered between 1981 and 1992 were identified from the Northern Perinatal Mortality Survey. Information on the neurodevelopmental morbidity of infant survivors of a deceased co-twin was obtained by a questionnaire sent to the community paediatrician or general practitioner. Results: A total of 111 children who survived infancy after the fetal death of the co-twin (group 1) and 142 from liveborn twin pairs in which one twin died in infancy (group 2) were traced. Responses were received from 97 (87%) and 130 (92%) respectively. In group 1, the cerebral palsy prevalence was 93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 43 to 169) per 1000 infant survivors; it was more common in like-sex pairs (8/70) with a prevalence of 114 (95% CI 51 to 213) compared with 45 (95% CI 1 to 228) per 1000 infant survivors in unlike-sex pairs (1/22). The overall prevalence of neurodevelopmental morbidity (including developmental delay) was 175 (95% CI 106 to 266) per 1000. In group 2, the cerebral palsy prevalence was 154 (95% CI 84 to 223) per 1000 infant survivors in like-sex (16/104) and 77 (95% CI 9 to 251) in unlike-sex (2/26) survivors; the overall prevalence of neurodevelopmental morbidity was 246 (95% CI 172 to 320) per 1000. Conclusions: The risk of cerebral palsy is increased in the surviving twin after a fetal or infant co-twin death compared with the general twin population. Like-sex twins are at greater risk than unlike-sex. The probable cause, in addition to the consequences of prematurity, is twin-twin transfusion problems associated with monochorionicity. KW - article KW - cerebral palsy KW - child death KW - developmental disorder KW - female KW - fetus death KW - follow up KW - high risk population KW - human KW - infant KW - infant mortality KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - morbidity KW - nerve cell differentiation KW - newborn KW - prematurity KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - survival KW - twin pregnancy KW - Brain Diseases KW - Cause of Death KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Diseases in Twins KW - England KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Fetofetal Transfusion KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :48 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 11815541 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Glinianaia, S.V.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; email: svetlana.glinianaia@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Pharoah, P.O.D., Cooke, T., Cerebral palsy and multiple births (1996) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 75, pp. F174-F177; Petterson, B., Nelson, K.B., Watson, L., Twins, triplets, and cerebral palsy in births in Western Australia in the 1980s (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1239-1243; Williams, K., Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Cerebral palsy: Effects of twinning, birth weight, and gestational age (1996) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 75, pp. F178-F182; Yokoyama, Y., Shimizu, T., Hayakawa, K., Prevalence of cerebral palsy in twins, triplets and quadruplets (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 943-948; Touyama, M., Ochiai, Y., Touyama, J., Cerebral palsy in twins in Okinawa (2000) No To Hattatsu, 32, pp. 35-38; Grether, J.K., Nelson, K.B., Cummins, S.K., Twinning and cerebral palsy: Experience in four northern California counties, births 1983 through 1985 (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 854-858; Axt, R., Mink, D., Hendrik, J., Maternal and neonatal outcome of twin pregnancies complicated by single fetal death (1999) J Perinat Med, 27, pp. 221-227; Burke, M.S., Single fetal demise in twin gestation (1990) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 33, pp. 69-78; Chen, F.J., Villarreal Peral, C., Juarez Azpilcueta, A., Twin pregnancy complicated by one intrauterine fetal death. Report of a case and review of the literature (1995) Ginecol Obstet Mex, 63, pp. 352-355; Carlson, N.J., Towers, C.V., Multiple gestation complicated by the death of one fetus (1989) Obstet Gynecol, 73, pp. 685-689; Enbom, J.A., Twin pregnancy with intrauterine death of one twin (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 152, pp. 424-429; Weig, S.G., Marshall, P.C., Abroms, I.F., Patterns of cerebral injury and clinical presentation in the vascular disruptive syndrome of monozygotic twins (1995) Pediatr Neurol, 13, pp. 279-285; Prompeler, H.J., Madjar, H., Klosa, W., Twin pregnancies with single fetal death (1994) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 73, pp. 205-208; Liu, S., Benirschke, K., Scioscia, A.L., Intrauterine death in multiple gestation (1992) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 41, pp. 5-26; Rydhstrom, H., Ingemarsson, I., Prognosis and long-term follow-up of a twin after antenatal death of the co-twin (1993) J Reprod Med, 38, pp. 142-146; Pharoah, P.O.D., Adi, Y., Consequences of in-utero death in a twin pregnancy (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 1597-1602; Melnick, M., Brain damage in survivor after in-utero death of monozygous co-twin (1977) Lancet, 2, p. 1287; Anderson, R.L., Golbus, M.S., Curry, C.J., Central nervous system damage and other anomalies in surviving fetus following second trimester antenatal death of co-twin. Report of four cases and literature review (1990) Prenat Diagn, 10, pp. 513-518; Fusi, L., Gordon, H., Twin pregnancy complicated by single intrauterine death. Problems and outcome with conservative management (1990) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 97, pp. 511-516; Bejar, R., Vigliocco, G., Gramajo, H., Antenatal origin of neurologic damage in newborn infants. II. Multiple gestations (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 162, pp. 1230-1236; Bajoria, R., Wee, L.Y., Anwar, S., Outcome of twin pregnancies complicated by single intrauterine death in relation to vascular anatomy of the monochorionic placenta (1999) Hum Reprod, 14, pp. 2124-2130; Benirschke, K., Intrauterine death of a twin: Mechanisms, implications for surviving twin, and placental pathology (1993) Semin Diagn Pathol, 10, pp. 222-231; Gaucherand, P., Rudigoz, R.C., Piacenza, J.M., Monofetal death in multiple pregnancies: Risks for the co-twin, risk factors and obstetrical management (1994) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 55, pp. 111-115; Yoshida, K., Matayoshi, K., A study on prognosis of surviving cotwin (1990) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 39, pp. 383-388; Van Heteren, C.F., Nijhuis, J.G., Semmekrot, B.A., Risk for surviving twin after fetal death of co-twin in twin-twin transfusion syndrome (1998) Obstet Gynecol, 92, pp. 215-219; Saito, K., Ohtsu, Y., Amano, K., Perinatal outcome and management of single fetal death in twin pregnancy: A case series and review (1999) J Perinat Med, 27, pp. 473-477; Perinatal mortality: A continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) BMJ, 288, pp. 1717-1720; Glinianaia, S.V., Rankin, J., Renwick, M., Time trends in twin perinatal mortality in northern England, 1982-94 (1998) Twin Res, 1, pp. 189-195. , Northern Region Perinatal Mortality Survey Steering Group; MacKeith, R., Mackenzie, I., Polani, P., Definition and classification of cerebral palsy (1959) Cerebral Palsy Bulletin, 5, pp. 23-35; Bax, M., Terminology and classification of cerebral palsy (1964) Dev Med Child Neurol, 6, pp. 295-297; Jarvis, S.N., Holloway, J.S., Hey, E.N., Increase in cerebral palsy in normal birthweight babies (1985) Arch Dis Child, 60, pp. 1113-1121; Norusis, M.J., (1993) SPSS for Windows. Base System user's guide, release 6.0, , Chicago: SPSS; Gardner, M.J., Altman, D.G., (1989) Statistics with confidence, , London: British Medical Journal; Pharoah, P.O.D., Cerebral palsy in the surviving twin associated with infant death of the co-twin (2001) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 84, pp. F111-F116; Pharoah, P.O.D., Anomalies occur in registrations of fetal deaths in multiple pregnancies (1999) BMJ, 319, p. 188; Stanley, F., Blair, E., Alberman, E., Pathways to cerebral palsy involving very preterm birth (2000) Cerebral palsies: epidemiology and causal pathways, pp. 60-82. , Bax MCO, ed. London: Mac Keith Press; Chiswick, M.L., Commentary on current World Health Organization definitions used in perinatal statistics (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1236-1238; Wood, N.S., Marlow, N., Costeloe, K., Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth (2000) N Engl J Med, 343, pp. 378-384; Badawi, N., Kurinczuk, J., Keogh, J.M., Intrapartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: The Western Australian case-control study (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 1554-1558; Bakketeig, L.S., Only a minor part of cerebral palsy cases begin in labour (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 1016-1017; Landy, H.J., Weiner, S., Corson, S.L., Batzer, The "vanishing twin": Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal disappearance in the first trimester (1986) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 155, pp. 14-19; Pharoah, P.O.D., Cooke, R.W., A hypothesis for the aetiology of spastic cerebral palsy: The vanishing twin (1997) Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, pp. 292-296 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036145003&partnerID=40&md5=7ebad52fdb1441ec1eecef007eb42822 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fetal hypoxia and structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenic patients, their siblings, and controls T2 - Archives of General Psychiatry J2 - Arch. Gen. Psychiatry VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 41 PY - 2002 SN - 0003990X (ISSN) AU - Cannon, T.D. AU - Van Erp, T.G.M. AU - Rosso, I.M. AU - Huttunen, M. AU - Lönnqvist, J. AU - Pirkola, T. AU - Salonen, O. AU - Valanne, L. AU - Poutanen, V.-P. AU - Standertskjöld-Nordenstam, C.-G. AD - Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States AD - Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, United States AD - Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute of Finland, Helsinki, Finland AD - Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki, Finland AB - Background: Cortical gray matter reductions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increases are robust correlates of schizophrenia, but their relationships to obstetric and other etiologic risk factors remain to be established. Methods: Structured diagnostic interviews, obstetric hospital records, and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain were obtained for 64 schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients (representative of all such probands in a Helsinki, Finland, birth cohort), along with 51 of their nonpsychotic full siblings and 54 demographically similar controls without family histories of psychosis. Results: Fetal hypoxia predicted reduced gray matter and increased CSF bilaterally throughout the cortex in patients (gray matter effect sizes, -0.31 to -0.56; CSF effect sizes, 0.25 to 0.47) and siblings (gray matter effect sizes, 0.33 to 0.47; CSF effect sizes, 0.17 to 0.33), most strongly in the temporal lobe. Effect sizes were 2 to 3 times greater among cases born small for their gestational age. Hypoxia also correlated significantly with ventricular enlargement, but only among patients (effect size, 0.31). In contrast, fetal hypoxia was not related to white matter among patients and siblings, nor to any tissue type in any region among controls. The associations were independent of family membership, overall brain volume, age, sex, substance abuse, and prenatal infection. Conclusions: Fetal hypoxia is associated with greater structural brain abnormalities among schizophrenic patients and their nonschizophrenic siblings than among controls at low genetic risk for schizophrenia. This pattern of results points to a gene-environment interaction account of the disorder's neurodevelopmental pathogenesis. KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - brain disease KW - brain size KW - brain ventricle KW - cerebrospinal fluid KW - comorbidity KW - controlled study KW - family KW - female KW - fetus hypoxia KW - genetic risk KW - gestational age KW - gray matter KW - human KW - intrauterine infection KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - nuclear magnetic resonance imaging KW - psychosis KW - risk factor KW - schizoidism KW - schizophrenia KW - sex difference KW - sibling KW - substance abuse KW - temporal lobe KW - white matter KW - Adult KW - Atrophy KW - Brain KW - Cerebral Cortex KW - Cerebrospinal Fluid KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dominance, Cerebral KW - Female KW - Fetal Hypoxia KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Pregnancy KW - Reference Values KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia N1 - Cited By :169 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ARGPA C2 - 11779280 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cannon, T.D.; Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; email: cannon@psych.ucla.edu N1 - References: Cannon, T.D., Abnormalities of brain structure and function in schizophrenia: Implications for etiology and pathophysiology (1996) Annals Med, 28, pp. 533-539; Buchanan, R.W., Carpenter, W.T., The neuroanatomies of schizophrenia (1997) Schizophr Bull, 23, pp. 367-372; Pfefferbaum, A., Marsh, L., Structural brain imaging in schizophrenia (1995) Clin Neurosci, 3, pp. 105-111; Rosso, I.M., Bearden, C.E., Hollister, J.M., Gasperoni, T.L., Sanchez, L.E., Hadley, T., Cannon, T.D., Childhood neuromotor dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings: A prospective cohort study (2000) Schizophr Bull, 26, pp. 367-378; Cannon, T.D., Bearden, C.E., Hollister, J.M., Rosso, I.M., Sanchez, L.E., Hadley, T., Childhood cognitive functioning in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings: A prospective cohort study (2000) Schizophr Bull, 26, pp. 379-393; Walker, E.F., Developmentally moderated expressions of the neuropathology underlying schizophrenia (1994) Schizophr Bull, 20, pp. 453-480; Akbarian, S., Bunney W.E., Jr., Potkin, S.G., Wigal, S.B., Hagman, J.O., Sandman, C.A., Jones, E.G., Altered distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase cells in frontal lobe of schizophrenics implies disturbances of cortical development (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 169-177; Akbarian, S., Vinuela, A., Kim, J.J., Potkin, S.G., Bunney W.E., Jr., Jones, E.G., Distorted distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase neurons in temporal lobe of schizophrenics implies anomalous cortical development (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 178-187; Arnold, S.E., Hyman, B.T., Van Hoesen, G.W., Damasio, A.R., Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48, pp. 625-632; Benes, F.M., McSparren, J., Bird, E.D., San Giovanni, J.P., Vincent, S.L., Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48, pp. 996-1001; Cannon, T.D., Neurodevelopmental influences in the genesis and epigenesis of schizophrenia: An overview (1998) Appl Prev Psychol, 7, pp. 47-62; Cannon, T.D., Kaprio, J., Lönnqvist, J., Huttunen, M.O., Koskenvuo, M., The genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia in a Finnish twin cohort: A population-based modeling study (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55, pp. 67-74; O'Donovan, M.C., Owen, M.J., The molecular genetics of schizophrenia (1996) Ann Med, 28, pp. 541-546; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort (1998) Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Eagles, J.M., Gibson, I., Bremner, M.H., Clunie, F., Ebmeier, K.P., Smith, N.C., Obstetric complications in DSM-III schizophrenics and their siblings (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 1139-1141; Kinney, D.K., Levy, D.L., Yurgelun-Todd, D.A., Medoff, D., LaJonchere, C.M., Radford-Paregol, M., Season of birth and obstetrical complications in schizophrenics (1994) J Psychiatr Res, 28, pp. 499-509; Cannon, T.D., Rosso, I.M., Holtister, J.M., Bearden, C.E., Sanchez, L.E., Hadley, T., A prospective cohort study of genetic and perinatal influences in the etiology of schizophrenia (2000) Schizophr Bull, 26, pp. 351-366; Rosso, I.M., Cannon, T.D., Huttunen, M.O., Huttunen, T., Lönnqvist, J., Gasperoni, T.L., Obstetric risk factors for early-onset schizophrenia in a Finnish birth cohort (2000) Am J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 801-807; Gunther-Genta, F., Bovet, P., Hohlfeld, P., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case-control study (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 164, pp. 165-170; Mirdal, G.K., Mednick, S.A., Schulsinger, F., Fuchs, F., Perinatal complications in children of schizophrenic mothers (1974) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 50, pp. 553-568; Marcus, J., Auerback, J., Wilkinson, L., Burack, C.M., Infants at risk for schizophrenia: The Jerusalem infant development study (1981) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 38, pp. 703-713; Fish, B., Marcus, J., Hans, S.L., Auerbach, J.G., Perdue, S., Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Sequelae of a genetic neurointegrative defect (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 221-235; Hanson, D.R., Gottesman, I.I., Heston, L.L., Some possible childhood indicators of adult schizophrenia inferred from children of schizophrenics (1976) Brit J Psychiatry, 129, pp. 142-154; Rieder, R.O., Broman, S.H., Rosenthal, D., The offspring of schizophrenics, II: Perinatal factors and IQ (1977) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 34, pp. 789-799; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Cannon, T.D., On the nature and mechanisms of obstetric influences in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis of epidemiologic studies (1997) Int Rev Psychiatry, 9, pp. 387-397; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Praestholm, J., Vestergaard, A., Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers, I: Contributions of genetic and perinatal factors (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 551-564; Parnas, J., Cannon, T.D., Jacobsen, B., Schulsinger, H., Schulsinger, F., Mednick, S.A., Lifetime DSM-III-R diagnostic outcomes in offspring of schizophrenic mothers: Results from the Copenhagen high-risk study (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 707-714; Suddath, R.L., Christison, G.W., Torrey, E.F., Casanova, M.F., Weinberger, D.R., Anatomical abnormalities in the brains of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 789-794; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Weinberger, D.R., Relationship of obstetric complications and differences in size of brain structures in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia (2000) Am J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 203-212; Cannon, T.D., Van Erp, T.G.M., Huttunen, M., Lönnqvist, J., Salonen, O., Valanne, L., Poutanen, V.P., Yan, M., Regional gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid distributions in schizophrenic patients, their siblings, and controls (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55, pp. 1084-1091; (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed., , Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B., Gibbon, M., (1987) Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), , Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Loranger, A.W., Sussman, V.L., Oldham, J.M., Russakoff, L.M., (1985) Personality Disorder Examination. A Structured Interview for Making Diagnosis of DSM-III-R Personality Disorders, , White Plains, NY: Cornell Medical College; Cohen, J., A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales (1960) Educ Psychol Meas, 20, pp. 37-46; Rahaula, U., The quantitative strength of the social strata of Finnish society (1970) Sosiaalinen-Aikakauskirja, 63, pp. 347-362; Yan, M.X., Karp, J.S., An adaptive Bayesian approach to 3-dimensional MR brain segmentation (1995) Information Processing in Medical Imaging, pp. 201-213. , Bizais Y, Barillot C, Di Paola R, eds. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Goldszal, A., Davatzikos, C., Pham, D.L., Yan, M.X., Bryan, R.N., Resnick, S.M., An image processing system for qualitative and quantitative volumetric analysis of brain imaging J Comput Assist Tomogr, , In press; Turetsky, B.T., Cowell, P.E., Gur, R.C., Grossman, R.I., Shtasel, D.L., Gut, R.E., Frontal and temporal lobe brain volumes in schizophrenia: Relationship to symptomatology and clinical subtype (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52, pp. 1061-1070; Richardson, B.S., Bocking, A.D., Metabolic and circulatory adaptations to chronic hypoxia in the fetus (1998) Comp Biochem Physiol, 119 A, pp. 717-723; Nyakas, C., Buwalda, B., Luiten, P.G.M., Hypoxia and brain development (1996) Prog Neurobiol, 49, pp. 1-51; Rees, S., Mallard, C., Breen, S., Stringer, M., Cock, M., Harding, R., Fetal brain injury following prolonged hypoxemia and placental insufficiency: A review (1998) Comp Biochem Physiol, 119 A, pp. 653-660; Kendler, K.S., Gruenberg, A.M., Kinney, D.K., Independent diagnoses of adoptees and relatives as defined by DSM-III in the provincial and national samples of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51, pp. 456-468; Gottesman, I.I., Shields, J., (1982) Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle, , Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; Keshavan, M.S., Anderson, S., Pettegrew, J.W., Is schizophrenia due to excessive synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex? The Feinberg hypothesis revisited (1994) J Psychiatr Res, 28, pp. 239-265; Gur, R.E., Cowell, P., Turetsky, B.I., Gallacher, F., Cannon, T.D., Bilker, W., Gur, R.C., A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study of schizophrenia: Relationship of neuroanatomical changes to clinical and neurobehavioral measures (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55, pp. 145-152; Brown, R., Colter, N., Corsellis, J.A.N., Crow, T.J., Frith, C.D., Jagoe, R., Johnstone, E.C., Marsh, L., Postmortem evidence of structural brain changes in schizophrenia: Differences in brain weight, temporal horn area, and parahippocampal gyrus compared with affective disorder (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 36-42; Lesch, A., Bogerts, B., The diencephalon in schizophrenia: Evidence for reduced thickness of the periventricular grey matter (1984) Eur Arch Psychiatr Neur Sci, 234, pp. 212-219; Barkovich, A.J., Hallam, D., Neuroimaging in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury (1997) Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev, 3, pp. 28-41; Volpe, J.J., Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Neuropathology and pathogenesis (1995) Neurology of the Newborn. 3rd ed., pp. 279-312. , Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; Low, J.A., The role of blood gas and acid-base measurement in the diagnosis of intrapartum fetal asphyxia (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 159, pp. 1235-1240; Buescher, U., Hertwig, K., Wolf, C., Dudenhausen, J.W., Erythropoletin in amniotic fluid as a marker of chronic fetal hypoxia (1998) Int J Gynecol Obstet, 60, pp. 257-263 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036137931&partnerID=40&md5=cc7d075b4a82fd6bf96bb8dfc795f718 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 324 IS - 7328 SP - 26 EP - 27 PY - 2002 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Ekbom, A. AD - Enheten för Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset L1:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden KW - adult KW - article KW - cigarette smoking KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - malnutrition KW - metabolic regulation KW - non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus KW - obesity KW - onset age KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :146 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 11777801 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset L1:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; email: Montgomery@medks.ki.se N1 - References: Barker, D.J., Hales, C.N., Fall, C.H., Phipps, K., Clark, P.M., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): Relation to reduced foetal growth (1993) Diabetologia, 36, pp. 62-67; Valdez, R., Athens, M.A., Thompson, G.H., Bradshw, B.S., Stern, M.P., Birth-weight and adult health outcomes in a biethnic population in the USA (1994) Diabetologia, 37, pp. 624-631; Orahilly, S., Spivey, R.S., Holman, R.R., Nugent, Z., Clark, A., Turner, R.C., Type-II diabetes of early onset - A distinct clinical and genetic syndrome (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 923-928; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., An Integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), p. 1992. , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University of London; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037021827&partnerID=40&md5=44ec67582a4ecf227220bf9d93876546 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Millennium Cohort Study. T2 - Population trends J2 - Popul Trends IS - 107 SP - 30 EP - 34 PY - 2002 SN - 03074463 (ISSN) AU - Smith, K. AU - Joshi, H. AB - The Millennium Cohort Study is the latest in the line of British birth cohort studies. MCS resembles its predecessors which follow people born in 1946, 1958 and 1970 in the intention to become multi-purpose longitudinal data resource charting many aspects of individual's lives over time. The families of a sample of around 20,000 babies are being interviewed during 2001-02, when eligible babies reach 9 months, to establish the conditions from which they set out in life. The survey contrasts with the previous cohort studies in various ways. Instead of taking all births in one week, the sample of births is spread over a year; the births are from a selection of electoral wards, thereby enabling eventual analysis by neighbourhood characteristics; it also over samples children living in deprived areas, wards with high ethnic minority populations and samples have been boosted in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The latter UK country has not been covered by the other studies. It interviews fathers as well as mothers, and given that its initial funding comes via the ESRC, puts a greater emphasis on socio-economic data than in early parts of the other studies. MCS has been enhanced by additional Government funding. The research team, based at the Institute of Education, aims to deposit a multi-purpose dataset for public use at the ESRC data Archive in the Spring of 2003. KW - article KW - birth rate KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - female KW - human KW - information processing KW - male KW - medical informatics KW - pilot study KW - social class KW - social environment KW - United Kingdom KW - Birth Rate KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Pilot Projects KW - Public Health Informatics KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :46 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12152184 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Smith, K. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036517291&partnerID=40&md5=d9119f2df1b8ffbbffa912e585265cf9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teenage aspirations for future careers and occupational outcomes T2 - Journal of Vocational Behavior J2 - J. Vocat. Behav. VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - 262 EP - 288 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1867 SN - 00018791 (ISSN) AU - Schoon, I. AU - Parsons, S. AD - City University, London, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom AB - In a follow-up study of over 17,000 individuals born 12 years apart (in 1958 and 1970) this article investigates the formation and realization of teenage career aspirations in a changing sociohistorical context. Two types of analytical models, a mediating model and a contextual systems model, were used to analyze the processes by which the effects of social structure influence teenage aspirations and subsequent occupational attainment. Both models suggest that teenage aspirations in combination with educational attainments are a major driving force in the occupational development of young people and that they mediate the effects of socioeconomic background factors. The contextual system model is an elaboration of the mediating model, providing additional insights into the effects of distal and proximal contexts. Differences in the experiences of young people growing up 12 years apart indicate that the sociohistorical context plays a key role in shaping occupational progression. For the later born cohort the importance of educational credentials has increased, both in influencing teenage aspirations and predicting adult occupational outcomes. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). KW - Adult occupational attainment KW - Changing sociohistorical context KW - Teenage aspirations PB - Academic Press Inc. N1 - Cited By :165 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JVBHA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom; email: I.Schoon@city.ac.uk N1 - References: Arbuckle, J.C., Amos for Windows: Analysis of moment structures, Version 4.01 (1999), SmallWaters Corp., Chicago; Arbuckle, J.L., Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data (1996) Advanced Structural Equation Modeling Techniques, , G.A. Marcoulides & R.E. Schumacker (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; Banks, M., Bates, I., Breakwell, G., Bynner, J., Emler, N., Jamieson, L., Roberts, K., Careers and identities (1992), Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Bentler, P.M., Comparative fit indices in structural models (1990) Psychological Bulletin, 107, pp. 238-246; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., The American Occupational Structure (1967), New York: Wiley; Bollen, K.A., Structural equations with latent variables (1989), New York: Wiley; Bourdieu, P., Homo academicus (1988), Cambridge, MA: Polity Press; Bronfenbrenner, U., The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design (1979), Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press; Butler, N., Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) ten-year follow-up: A guide to the BCS70 10-year data available at the Economic and Social Research Unit Data Archive (1997), London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Bynner, J., Education and family components of identity in the transition from school to work (1998) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, pp. 29-53; Bynner, J., Elias, P., McKnight, A., Pan, H., The changing nature of the youth labour market in Great Britain (1999), Rowntree Foundation. Report; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Twenty something in Great Britain: Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere (1997), Gower, UK: Ashgate; Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Tsatsas, M., Obstacles and opportunities on the route to adulthood (2000), London: The Smith Institute; Cohen, J., A power primer (1992) Psychological Bulletin, 112 (1), pp. 155-159; Cook, T.D., Church, M.B., Ajanaku, S., Shadish W.R., Jr., Kim, J.R., Cohen, R., The development of occupational aspirations and expectations among inner-city boys (1996) Child Development, 67, pp. 3368-3385; Davie, R., Butler, H., Goldstein, H., From birth to seven: The second report of the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1972), London: Longman; Dolliver, R.H., Strong Vocational Interest Blank versus expressed vocational interests: A review (1969) Psychological Bulletin, 72, pp. 95-107; Elder G.H., Jr., Children of the Great Depression: Social change in life experience (1999), (25th anniversary ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., The constant flux: A study of class mobility in industrial societies (1993), Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press; Erikson, R., Jonsson, J.O., Explaining class inequality in education: The Swedish Test Case (1996) Can Education be Equalised? The Swedish Case in Comparative Perspective, pp. 1-63. , R. Erikson & J.O. Jonsson (Eds.), Oxford, UK: Westview Press; Evans, K., Furlong, A., Metaphors of youth transitions: Niches, pathways, trajectories or navigations (1997) Youth, Citizenship and Social Change in a European Context, pp. 17-41. , J. Bynner, L. Chisholm, & A. Furlong (Eds.), Aldershot, UK: Ashgate; Fogelman, K., Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study (1983), London: Macmillan for the National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K., Britain's sixteen-year-olds (1976), London: National Children's Bureau; Ginzberg, E., Ginsberg, S.W., Axelrod, S., Herma, J.L., Occupational choice: An approach to a general theory (1951), New York: Columbia Univ. Press; Gottfredson, L.S., Circumscription and compromise: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations (1981) Journal of Counceling Psychology, 28, pp. 545-579; Holland, J.L., (1985) Making Vocational Choices, , (2nd ed.). Englewoods Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; Holland, J.L., Gottfredson, G.D., Using a typology of persons and environments to explain careers: Some extensions and clarifications (1976) The Counseling Psychologist, 6, pp. 20-28; Holland, J.L., Gottfredson, G.D., Studies of the hexagonal model: An evaluation (or, The perils of stalking the perfect hexagon) (1992) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 40, pp. 158-170; Holland, J.L., Gottfredson, G.D., Baker, H.G., Validity of vocational aspirations and interest inventories: Extended, replicated, and reinterpreted (1990) Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, pp. 337-342; Keller, S., Zavalloni, M., Ambition and social class: A respecification (1964) Social Forces, 43, pp. 58-70; Leete, R., Fox, J., Registrar General's social classes: Origins and users (1977) Population Trends, 8, pp. 1-7; Marsh, C., Social class and occupation (1986) Key Variables in Social Investigation, , R. Burgess (Ed.), London: Routledge; McLaughlin, D.H., Tiedeman, D.V., Eleven-year career stability and change as reflected in the Project Talent data through the Flanagan, Holland, and Roe Occupational Classification Systems (1974) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 5, pp. 177-196; Nurmi, J.-E., How do adolescents see their future?: A review of the development of future orientation and planning (1991) Developmental Review, 11, pp. 1-59; Oden, M., The fulfillment of promise: 40-year follow-up of the Terman gifted group (1968) Genetic Psychology Monographs, 77, pp. 3-93; Classification of occupations (1980), OPCS (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys). London: H.M. Stationery Office; Standard classification of occupations (SOC) (1990), OPCS (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys) and Employment Department Group. London: H.M. Stationery Office; Phipps, B.J., Career dreams of preadolescent students (1995) Journal of Career Development, 22, pp. 19-32; Roberts, K., Schools, parents and social class (1980) Linking Home and School, pp. 41-55. , M. Craft et al. (Eds.), (3rd ed., London: Harper & Row; Roberts, K., The sociology of work entry and occupational choice (1981) Career Development in Britain, pp. 279-299. , A.G. Watts, D.E. Super, & J.M. Kidd (Eds.), Cambridge: CRAC/Hobsons; Rosen, B.C., The achievement syndrome: A psychocultural dimension of social stratification (1956) American Sociological Review, 21, pp. 203-211; Schulenberg, J., Vondracek, F.W., Crouter, A.C., The influence of the family on vocational development (1984) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 10, pp. 129-143; Sewell, W.H., Haller, A.O., Ohlendorf, G.W., The educational and early occupational status attainment process: Replication and revision (1970) American Sociological Review, 35, pp. 1014-1027; Sewell, W.H., Hauser, R.M., Education, occupation, & earnings: Achievement in the early career (1975), New York: Academic Press; Sewell, W.H., Shah, V.P., Social class, parental encouragement, and educational aspirations (1968) American Journal of Sociology, 73, pp. 559-572; Shavit, Y., Blossfeld, H.-P., Persistent inequality (1993), Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Shavit, Y., Müller, W., From school to work: A comparative study of educational qualifications and occupational destinations (1998), Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-188. , E. Ferri, (Ed.), London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Shepherd, P., The National Child Development Study: An introduction, its origins and the methods of data collection (1995), (Working Paper No. 1). London: SSRU, City University; Steiger, J.H., Structural model evaluation and modification: An internal estimation approach (1990) Multivariate Behavioural Research, 25, pp. 173-180; Super, D.E., Vocational adjustment: Implementing a self concept (1951) Occupations, p. 30; Super, D.E., A life span, life space approach to career development (1980) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, pp. 282-298; Trice, A.D., McClellan, N., Do children's career aspirations predict adult occupations?: An answer from a secondary analysis of a longitudinal study (1993) Psychological Reports, 72, pp. 368-370; Vondraceck, F.W., Lerner, R.M., Schulenberg, J.E., Career development: A life-span developmental approach (1986), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Vondracek, F.W., Silbereisen, R.K., Reitzle, M., Wiesner, M., Vocational preferences of early adolescents: Their development in social context (1999) Journal of Adolescent Research, 14, pp. 267-288; Vondracek, F., Career development: A lifespan perspective (1998) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, pp. 1-6; Whitney, D.R., Predicting from expressed vocational choices: A review (1969) Personnel and Guidance Journal, 48, pp. 279-286; Zuckerman, H., Scientific elite (1977), New York: Free PressUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036208741&doi=10.1006%2fjvbe.2001.1867&partnerID=40&md5=8ae60d3ac93e9f6726352a6eef4ff18c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pertussis infection in childhood and subsequent Type 1 diabetes mellitus T2 - Diabetic Medicine J2 - Diabetic Med. VL - 19 IS - 12 SP - 986 EP - 993 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00841.x SN - 07423071 (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Ehlin, A.G.C. AU - Ekbom, A. AU - Wakefield, A.J. AD - Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Inst. Med. Karolinska Sjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom AD - Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset M9:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden AB - Aims. Pertussis has been implicated but not proven as a risk for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous studies have investigated paediatric, but not adult-onset Type 1 DM. We investigated association of pertussis exposures and Type 1 DM with follow-up into adulthood. Methods. Longitudinal analysis of 16 820 members (100 with Type 1 DM) of two nationally representative British birth cohorts (the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS)) followed from birth to ages 30 years (BCS70) and 42 years (NCDS). Cox regression analysis with age of onset for Type 1 DM as the dependent variable investigated relationships with pertussis infection and immunization, modelled as time-dependent co-variates. Simultaneous adjustment was made for Wild measles, mumps and chickenpox infections; tetanus and smallpox immunizations; sex, parental social class and cohort. The potential confounding factors were modelled as fixed co-variates. Results. Cox regression analysis produced adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 2.21 (1.35-3.59) and 0.73 (0.49-1.05) for Type 1 DM (with onset at any age) associated with pertussis infections and immunization (trend over number of vaccinations), respectively. Adjusted ORs from Cox regression for Type 1 DM with onset after age 10 years are 2.59 (1.56-4.30) for pertussis infection and 0.63 (0.42-0.94) for pertussis immunization. None of the other infections or immunizations are notably associated with Type 1 DM. Conclusions. Some pertussis infections may be a risk for Type 1 DM and immunization may confer protection. Further research should consider delayed Type 1 DM following pertussis exposures. KW - Adult-onset KW - Immunization KW - Infection KW - Pertussis KW - Type 1 diabetes mellitus KW - pertussis vaccine KW - pertussis vaccine KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - bronchitis KW - chickenpox KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - immunization KW - infant KW - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - measles KW - mumps KW - newborn KW - onset age KW - pertussis KW - pneumonia KW - regression analysis KW - risk factor KW - sex KW - smallpox KW - social class KW - tetanus KW - vaccination KW - follow up KW - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus KW - longitudinal study KW - methodology KW - pertussis KW - preschool child KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age of Onset KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Immunization KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Pertussis Vaccine KW - Risk Factors KW - Whooping Cough N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: DIMEE C2 - 12647838 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset M9:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; email: Scott.Montgomery@medks.ki.se N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Pertussis Vaccine N1 - References: Rose, N.R., Mackay, I.R., Molecular mimicry: A critical look at exemplary instances in human diseases (2000) Cellular Mol Life Sci, 57, pp. 542-551; Classen, J.B., The timing of immunization affects the development of diabetes in rodents (1996) Autoimmunity, 24, pp. 137-145; Classen, D.C., Classen, J.B., The timing of pediatric immunization and the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1997) Infectious Dis Clin Prac, 6, pp. 1-6; Hummel, M., Fuchtenbusch, M., Schenker, M., Ziegler, A.G., No major association of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases with early islet autoimmunity in the German BABYDIAB study (2000) Diabetes Care, 23, pp. 969-974; Heijbell, H., Chen, R.T., Dahlquist, G., Cumulative incidence of childhood-onset IDDM is unaffected by pertussis immunization (1997) Diabetes Care, 20, pp. 173-175; Graves, P.M., Barriga, K.J., Norris, J.M., Hoffman, M.R., Yu, L., Eisenbarth, G.S., Lack of association between early childhood immunizations and β-cell autoimmunity (1999) Diabetes Care, 22, pp. 1694-1697; Blom, L., Nyström, L., Dahlquist, G., The Swedish childhood diabetes study (1991) Diabetologia, 34, pp. 176-181; Zinkernagel, R.M., Immunology taught by viruses (1997) Science, 271, pp. 173-178; Zinkernagel, R.M., Maternal antibodies, childhood infections, and autoimmune diseases (2001) N Engl J Med, 345, pp. 1331-1335; Wurzelman, J.I., Lyles, C.M., Sandler, R.S., Childhood infections and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (1994) Digestive Dis Sci, 39, pp. 555-560; Gent, A.E., Hellier, M.D., Grace, R.H., Swarbrick, E.T., Coggon, D., Inflammatory bowel disease and domestic hygiene in infancy (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 766-767; Cardinal, J.W., Margison, G.P., Mynett, K.J., Yates, A.P., Cameron, D.P., Elder, R.H., Increased susceptibility to streptozotocin-induced beta-cell apoptosis and delayed autoimmune diabetes in alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase-deficient mice (2001) Mol Cellular Biol, 21, pp. 5605-5613; Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Joseph, T.A., Vijay, V., Viswanathan, M., Delayed-onset of diabetes in children of low economic stratum - A study from southern India (1994) Diabetes Res Clin Prac, 22, pp. 171-174; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , London: CLS, Institute of Education; Bynner, J.M., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1998) Twenty-Something in the 1990s, , Aldershot: Ashgate; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Norusis, M.J., (1989) SPSS User's Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Schuster, A., Hofmann, A., Reinhardt, D., Does pertussis infection induce manifestations of allergy (1993) Clin Invest, 71, pp. 208-213; Blane, D., Montgomery, S.M., Berney, L.R., Social class differences in lifetime exposure to environmental hazards (1998) Sociol Health Illness, 20, pp. 532-536; (2002) Immunisation Coverage, , www.phls.co.uk; Nielsen, N.M., Hedegaard, K., Aaby, P., Intensity of exposure and severity of whooping cough (2001) J Infection, 43, pp. 177-181; He, Q.S., Arvilommi, H., Viljanen, M.K., Mertsola, J., Outcomes of Bordetella infections in vaccinated children: Effects of bacterial number in the nasopharynx and patient age (1999) Clin Diagnostic Lab Immunol, 6, pp. 534-536; Aaby, P., Influence of cross-sex transmission on measles mortality in rural Senegal (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 388-391; Aaby, P., Bukh, J., Lisse, I.M., Smits, A.J., Overcrowding and intensive exposure as determinants of measles mortality (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 120, pp. 49-63; Burnet, M., White, D.O., (1972) Natural History of Infectious Disease, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Gibbon, C., Smith, T., Egger, P., Betts, P., Phillips, D., Early infection and subsequent insulin dependent diabetes (1997) Arch Dis Childhood, 77, pp. 384-385; Ludewig, B., Ochsenbein, A.F., Odermatt, B., Paulin, D., Hengartner, H., Zinkernagel, R.M., Immunotherapy with dendritic cells directed against tumor antigens shared with normal host cells results in severe autoimmune disease (2000) J Exp Med, 191, pp. 795-804; Huang, S.W., Taylor, G., Basid, A., The effect of pertussis vaccine on the insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozotocin in mice (1984) Pediatric Res, 18, pp. 221-226; Ben-Nun, A., Yossefi, S., Lehmann, D., Protection against autoimmune diseases by bacterial agents II PPD and pertussis toxin as proteins active in protecting mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1993) Eur J Immunol, 23, pp. 689-696 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036460811&doi=10.1046%2fj.1464-5491.2002.00841.x&partnerID=40&md5=0e7d92e78bb58ce48974537747057211 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood indicators of susceptibility to subsequent cervical cancer T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 87 IS - 9 SP - 989 EP - 993 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600585 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Ehlin, A.G.C. AU - Sparén, P. AU - Björkstén, B. AU - Ekbom, A. AD - Enheten för Klinisk Epidemiologi, Institutionen för medicin vid Karolinska sjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Institutionen för medicinsk epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Centrum för allergiforskning, Institutet för miljömedicin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AB - Common warts could indicate cervical cancer susceptibility, as both are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Eczema was also investigated, as atopic eczema has been negatively associated with warts, but non-atopic eczema may be associated with compromised host defences, as observed in patients with HIV, suggesting increased susceptibility to HPV infection and cervical cancer. 'Cervical cancer' was self-reported during an interview by 87 of 7594 women members of two longitudinal British birth cohorts. The accuracy of the diagnoses is limited by lack of confirmation using medical records. Odds ratios are adjusted for common warts and eczema in childhood; and cigarette smoking, number of cohabiting partners and social class in early adult life. The odds ratios of warts and eczema with cervical cancer are 2.50 (95% confidence interval 1.14-5.47) and 3.27 (1.95-5.49), respectively. The association of eczema with cervical cancer is independent of hay fever as a marker of atopy, suggesting the importance of non-atopic eczema. Both heavier smoking compared with non-smoking and four or more cohabiting partners compared with one/none have odds ratios for cervical cancer of 8.26 (4.25-15.10) and 4.89 (1.39-17.18), respectively. Common warts in childhood may indicate cervical cancer susceptibility; this and the relationship with eczema deserves investigation. © 2002 Cancer Research UK. KW - BCS70 KW - Cervical cancer KW - Eczema KW - HPV KW - NCDS KW - Warts KW - adult KW - article KW - atopy KW - cancer risk KW - cancer susceptibility KW - childhood KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - eczema KW - female KW - hay fever KW - host resistance KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - smoking habit KW - social class KW - uterine cervix cancer KW - Wart virus KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Eczema KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms KW - Warts N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12434290 LA - English N1 - References: Bergbrant, I.M., Johansson, S., Robbins, D., Scheynius, A., Faergemann, J., Soderstrom, T., A immunological study in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (1991) Clin Exp Dermatol, 16, pp. 331-338; Bosch, F.X., Manos, M.M., Munoz, N., Sherman, M., Jansen, A.M., Peto, J., Schiffman, M.H., Wheeler, C., Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical-cancer - A worldwide perspective (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 796-802; Breitburd, F., Ramoz, N., Salmon, J., Orth, G., HLA control in the progression of human papillomavirus infections (1996) Sem Cancer Biol, 7, pp. 359-371; Bynner, J.M., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1998) Twenty-something in the 1990s, pp. 1-10. , Aldershot: Ashgate; Chan, S.Y., Tan, C.H., Delius, H., Bernard, H.U., Human papillomavirus type 2C is identical to human papillomavirus type-27 (1994) Virology, 201, pp. 397-398; Dahl, M.V., (1996) Clinical Immunodermatology, pp. 147-182. , St Louis: Mosby-Yearbook; Deacon, J.M., Evans, C.D., Yule, R., Desai, M., Binns, W., Taylor, C., Peto, J., Sexual behaviours and smoking as determinants of cervical HPV infection and of CIN3 among those infected: A case-control study nested within the Manchester cohort (2000) Br J Cancer, 83, pp. 1565-1572; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , London: CLS, Institute of Education; Eriksson, N.E., Holmén, A., Högstedt, B., Mikoczy, Z., Hagmar, L., A prospective study of cancer incidence in a cohort examined for allergy (1995) Allergy, 50, pp. 718-722; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 1-15. , London: National Children's Bureau; Franceschi, S., Doll, R., Gallwey, J., La Vecchia, C., Peto, R., Spriggs, A.I., Genital warts and cervical neoplasia: An epidemiological study (1983) Br J Cancer, 48, pp. 621-628; Kjaer, S.K., Dahl, C., Engholm, G., Bock, J.E., Lynge, E., Jensen, O.M., Case-control study of risk-factors for cervical neoplasia in Denmark 2. Role of sexual-activity, reproductive factors, and venereal infections (1992) Cancer Causes Control, 3, pp. 339-349; Krieger, N., Quesenberry, C., Peng, T., Horn-Ross, P., Stewart, S., Brown, S., Swallen, K., Ward, F., Social class, race/ethnicity, and incidence of breast, cervix, colon, lung, and prostate cancer among Asian, black, Hispanic and white residents of the San Fransisco Bay area, 1988-92 (United States) (1999) Cancer Causes Control, 10, pp. 525-537; Källén, B., Gunnarskog, J., Conradson, T.-B., Cancer risk in asthmatic subjects selected from hospital discharge registry (1993) Eur Respir J, 6, pp. 694-697; Mills, P.K., Beeson, L., Fraser, G.E., Phillips, R.L., Allergy and cancer: Organ site-specific results from the Aventist Health Study (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 287-295; Nickoloff, B.J., Turka, L.A., Keratinocytes: Key immunocytes of the integument (1993) Am J Pathol, 143, pp. 325-331; Nickoloff, B.J., Turka, L.A., Immunological functions of non-professional antigen-presenting cells: New insights from studies of T-cell interactions with keratinocytes (1994) Immunol Today, 15, pp. 464-469; Norusis, M.J., (1989) SPSS User's Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Rubben, A., Kalka, K., Spelten, B., Grussendorf-Conen, E.I., Clinical features and age distribution of patients with HPV 2/27/57-induced common warts (1997) Arch Dermatol Res, 289, pp. 337-340; Shimizu, S., Chen, K.R., Tagami, H., Hanabusa, H., Mucocutaneous manifestations in Japanese HIV-positive haemophiliacs (2000) Dermatology, 201, pp. 321-325; Thomas, D.B., Qin, Q., Kuypers, J., Kiviat, N., Ashley, R.L., Koetsawang, A., Ray, R.M., Koetsawang, S., Human papillomaviruses and cervical cancer in Bangkok II. Risk factors for in situ and invasive squamous cell cervical carcinomas (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 732-739; Uthayakumar, S., Nandwani, R., Drinkwater, T., Nayagam, A.T., Darley, C.R., The prevalence of skin disease in HIV infection and its relationship to the degree of immunosuppression (1997) Br J Dermatol, 137, pp. 595-598; Vesterinen, E., Pukkala, E., Timonen, T., Aromaa, A., Cancer incidence among 78000 asthmatic patients (1993) Int J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 976-982; Williams, H., Pottier, A., Strachan, D., Are viral warts seen more commonly in children with eczema (1993) Arch Dermatol, 129, pp. 717-721 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037152627&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6600585&partnerID=40&md5=78f3c5ad0fa7c8e9cfcf8243873d875e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Self-employment wealth and job creation: The roles of gender, non-pecuniary motivation and entrepreneurial ability T2 - Small Business Economics J2 - Small Bus. Econ. VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 255 EP - 270 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1023/A:1019698607772 SN - 0921898X (ISSN) AU - Burke, A.E. AU - FitzRoy, F.R. AU - Nolan, M.A. AD - University of Warwick, Russian Federation AD - Department of Economics, University of St. Andrews, St. Salvator's College, St. James, FIFE, KY16 9AL, United Kingdom AD - University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 RX, United Kingdom AB - This paper uses National Child Development Study data for a large cohort of British individuals, to explore the influence of education, inheritance and other background characteristics on the propensity to become self-employed; and also on subsequent success, as measured by job and wealth creation. For the first time, we study the effects of our regressor variables on our success measures via disaggregation of our sample by gender - and, in this way, reveal striking differences between the determinants of male and female entrepreneurial performance. N1 - Cited By :95 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Barkham, R.J., Entrepreneurial characteristics and the size of the new firm: A model and an econometric test (1994) Small Business Economics, 6, pp. 117-125; Birch, D.L., (1979) The Job Generation Process, , Cambridge, MA: Program on Neighbourhood and Regional Change; Black, J., De Meza, D., Jeffreys, D., House prices, the supply of collateral and the enterprise economy (1996) Economic Journal, 106, pp. 60-75; Blanchflower, D., Oswald, A., (1990) What Makes a Young Entrepreneur?, , Manuscript, Dartmouth College, NBER and the London School of Economics; Blanchflower, D., Oswald, A., What makes an entrepreneur? (1998) Journal of Labor Economics, 16, pp. 26-60; Burke, A.E., FitzRoy, F.R., Nolan, M.A., When less is more: Distinguishing between entrepreneurial choice and performance (2000) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 62, pp. 565-587; Bygrave, W.D., Timmons, J.A., (1992) Venture Capital at the Crossroads, , Boston: Harvard Business School Press; Caroll, R., Holtz-Eakin, D., Rider, M., Rosen, H.S., (1996) Income Taxes and Entrepreneur's Use of Labor, p. 32. , Centre for Economic Policy Studies, Working Paper 32; Cowling, M., Mitchell, P., Taylor, M., (1997) Job Creation and the Self-employed: A Story of Life, Wealth and Vocational Qualifications, , Working Paper 47, Centre for SMEs, Warwick Business School; Cressy, R., Business borrowing and control: A theory of entrepreneurial types (1995) Small Business Economics, 7 (4), pp. 291-300; Cressy, R., Are business start-ups debt rationed? (1996) Economic Journal, 106, pp. 1253-1270; Du Rietz, A., Henrekson, M., Testing the female underperfomance hypothesis (2000) Small Business Economics, 14 (1), pp. 1-10; Evans, D., Jovanovic, B., An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints (1989) Journal of Political Economy, 97, pp. 808-827; Greene, W.H., (1995) LIMDEP, Version 7.0 for the PC, , Econometric Software, Inc; Jovanovic, B., Selection and evolution of industry (1982) Econometrica, 50, pp. 649-670; Kirzner, I.M., (1973) Competition and Entrepreneurship, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Low, M.B., MacMillan, I.C., Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges (1988) Journal of Management, 14, pp. 139-161; Maddala, G.S., (1983) Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, , New York: Cambridge University Press; McClelland, D.C., Achievement motivation can be developed (1965) Harvard Business Review, 43, pp. 6-25; McClelland, D.C., The achievement motive in economic growth (1971) Entrepreneurship and Economic Development, , P. Kilby (ed.), New York: The Free Press; McGuire, J.W., The small enterprise in economics and organisation theory (1976) Journal of Contemporary Business, pp. 115-138; Rosa, P., Carter, S., Hamilton, D., Gender as a determinant of small business performance: Insights from a British study (1996) Small Business Economics, 8 (6), pp. 463-478; Sahlman, W.A., How to write a great business plan (1997) Harvard Business Review, pp. 98-108; Schultz, T.W., Investment in entrepreneurial ability (1980) Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 82, pp. 437-448; Shackle, G.L.S., (1979) Imagination and the Nature of Choice, , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; Westhead, P., Cowling, M., Employment change in independent owner-managed high-technology firms in Great Britain (1995) Small Business Economics, 7, pp. 111-140 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036057871&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1019698607772&partnerID=40&md5=3a2677421d384ca280f34c60bbf9111a ER - TY - JOUR TI - The returns to academic and vocational qualifications in Britain T2 - Bulletin of Economic Research J2 - Bull. Econ. Res. VL - 54 IS - 3 SP - 249 EP - 274 PY - 2002 SN - 03073378 (ISSN) AU - Dearden, L. AU - McIntosh, S. AU - Myck, M. AU - Vignoles, A. AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, London School of Economics, United Kingdom AB - This paper uses data from the 1991 sweep of the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the 1998 Labour Force Survey (LFS) to provide a comprehensive analysis of the labour market returns to academic and vocational qualifications. The results show that the wage premia from academic qualifications are typically higher than from vocational qualifications. However, this gap is reduced somewhat, when we control for the amount of time taken to acquire different qualifications. This is particularly important for vocational courses, which generally take shorter time periods to complete. In the paper we also investigate how returns vary by gender, subsequent qualifications, and the natural ability of individuals. Finally, by comparing the NCDS results with those from the LFS, we estimate the bias that can result from not controlling for factors such as ability, family background and measurement error. The results reveal that the estimated returns in the NCDS equations controlling for ability, family background and measurement error are similar to the simple OLS estimates obtained with the LFS, which do not control for these factors. This suggests that the biases generally offset one another. KW - academic performance KW - labor market KW - returns to education KW - vocational education KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :60 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Alexander, K.L., Pallas, A.M., Sex differences in quantitative SAT performance: New evidence on the differential coursework hypothesis (1983) American Educational Research Journal, 20 (2), pp. 165-182; Ashenfelter, O., Harmon, C., Oosterbeek, H., A review of estimates of the schooling/earnings relationship, with tests for publication bias (1999) Labour Economics, 6, pp. 453-470; Bennell, P., General versus vocational secondary education in developing countries: A review of the rates of return evidence (1996) Journal of Development Studies, 33, pp. 230-247; Bishop, J.H., Incentive to study and the organisation of secondary instruction (1996) Assessing Educational Practices: The Contribution of Economics, , Becker, W. E. and Baumol, W. J. (eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Meghir, C., Sianesi, B., (1999) The Returns from Education and Training to the Individual, the Firm and the Economy: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature, , Technical Report to the DfEE Skills Task Force, Institute for Fiscal Studies: London, 202 pp; Card, D., The causal effect of education on earnings (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3 A. , Ashenfelter, O. and Card, D. (eds), North-Holland, Amsterdam; Dearden, L., (1999) Qualifications and Earnings in Britain: How Reliable are Conventional OLS Estimates of the Returns to Education?, , Working paper no. W99/7, Institute for Fiscal Studies; Dearden, L., McIntosh, S., Myck, M., Vignoles, A., (2000) The Returns to Academic, Vocational and Basic Skills in Britain, , DfEE Skills Task Force Research Paper; (1997) Excellence in Schools, , Department for Education and Employment Cm. 3681. HMSO, London; Harkness, S., Machin, S., Graduate earnings in Britain. 1974-95 (1999) DfEE Research Report No. RR95; Harmon, C., Walker, I., Estimates of the economic return to schooling for the United Kingdom (1995) American Economic Review, 85 (5), pp. 1278-1286; Harmon, C., Walker, I., The marginal and average returns to schooling in the UK (1999) European Economic Review, 43, pp. 879-887; Harmon, C., Walker, I., The returns to the quantity and quality of education: Evidence for gen in England and Wales (2000) Economica, 67, pp. 19-35; Heckman, J.J., Ichimura, H., Todd, P.E., Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme (1997) Review of Economic Studies, 64 (4), pp. 605-654; Heckman, J.J., Ichimura, H., Todd, P.E., Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator (1998) Review of Economic Studies, 65 (2), pp. 261-294; Psacharopoulos, G., Returns to investment in education: A global update (1994) World Development, 22 (9), pp. 1325-1343; Psacharopoulos, G., Ng, Y.C., Earnings and education in Latin America: Assessing priorities for schooling investments (1992) World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS1056, 2 (2), pp. 187-207. , revised version in Education Economics, 1994; Robinson, P., (1997) The Myth of Parity of Esteem: Earnings and Qualifications, , Discussion Paper no, 354, London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance; Rumberger, R.W., Daymont, T.N., The economic value of academic and vocational training acquired in high school (1984) Youth and the Labour Market: Analyses of the National Longitudinal Survey, , Borus, M. E. (ed.), Newark, NJ: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Stewart, M.B., On least squares estimation when the dependent variable is grouped (1983) Review of Economic Studies, 50 (4), pp. 737-753; White, H., A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity (1980) Econometrica, 48 (4), pp. 817-838; Zymelman, M., (1976) The Economic Evaluation of Vocational Training Programmes, , John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036328281&partnerID=40&md5=122a7f9e4cb1d131dcdcd493e6f8174c ER - TY - JOUR TI - The value of event history techniques for understanding social processes: Modelling women’s employment behaviour after motherhood T2 - International Journal of Social Research Methodology J2 - Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol. VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 132 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1080/13645570110062405 SN - 13645579 (ISSN) AU - Elliott, J. AD - Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work Studies at the University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, Australia AB - Over the last two decades there has been an increase in the longitudinal data available to social scientists, and this has been accompanied by the development of concepts and tools which allow for a rigorous approach to empirical research. However, there is still an appreciable gap between the methodological innovations within the field of applied statistics and the everyday practice of the majority of social scientists. The aim of this paper is therefore to demonstrate some of the advantages of using event history data to underpin our understanding of social processes. In particular, the paper explores the benefits of using SABRE (Software for the analysis of binary recurrent events, developed at the University of Lancaster) as a tool for carrying out event history analysis. The specific advantage of this software is that it allows the researcher to focus on duration effects or temporal dependencies in the social process under investigation. The substantive focus of the paper is the way in which women manage to combine paid employment with motherhood. Analyses are based on data from women’s life histories, collected as part of the fifth sweep of the National Child Development Survey carried out in 1991. Within this paper, the primary focus is on the conceptual issues raised by modelling event history data; statistical terminology and notation has been kept to a minimum. © 2002 Taylor & Francis Ltd. N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Elliott, J.; Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work Studies at the University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, Australia N1 - Funding text: The research on which this paper is based was funded by the ESRC under the Analysis of large and complex data sets programme (Award No. H51944500197). I thank Professor Richard Davies and Dr Damon Berridge at the Centre for Applied Statistics at the University of Lancaster, for their help in clarifying my interpretations of the mixtue mordels included in this paper. I have been given considerable assistance by David Stott, at Lancaster, and David Rawnsley, at Manchester, with the tecnicahl aspects of gettignSABRE to estimate models on such a large data set. I am very grateful to them both for all that they have done. Thanks must also go to the NCDS team at the SSRU—now the cerenfor Ltongitudinal Studies at the Institute of Education, who have given advice in handling the life history data from the National Child Development Survey. N1 - References: Allison, P.D., (1984) Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data, , Beverly Hills: Sage); Barry, J., Francis, B., Davies, R., (1990) SABRE: Software for the Analysis of Binary Recurrent Events - a Guide for Users, , Lancaster: University of Lancaster, Centre for Applied Statistics). van den; Berg, G.J., Van Ours, J.C., Unemployment dynamics and duration dependence (1996) Journal of Labor Economics, 14 (1), pp. 100-125; Bernhardt, E.M., Fertility and employment (1993) European Sociological Review, 9 (1), pp. 25-42; Blossfeld, H.-P., Hamerle, A., Unobserved heterogeneity in hazard rate models: A test and an illustration from a study of career mobility (1990) Event History Analysis in Life Course Research, pp. 241-252. , Mayer, K. U. and Tuma, N. B, Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press; Blossfeld, H.P., Rohwer, G., Causal inference, time and observation plans in the social sciences (1997) Quality and Quantity, 31 (4), pp. 361-383; National Child Development Study Composite File Including selected Perinatal Data and Sweeps One to Five, 1958–1991 [computer file (1994) National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children’s Bureau, , City University Social Statistics Research Unit, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers] (Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive[distributor]21 June, SN: 3148; Clogg, C.C., (1986) Invoked by RATE. American Journal of Sociology, 92, pp. 696-706; Crompton, R., (1997) Women and Work in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Oxford University Press); Dale, A., Davies, R., (1994) Analyzing Social and Political Change: A Casebook of Methods, , London: Sage; Davies, R.B., The analysis of housing and migration careers (1991) Modelling Migration: Macro and Micro Perspectives, pp. 207-227. , Stillwell, J and Congdon, P, London: Bellhaven Press; Davies, R.B., Elias, P., Penn, R., The relationship between a husband’s unemployment and his wife’s participation in the labour force (1992) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 54 (2), pp. 145-171; Dex, S., Life and work history analyses (1991) Life and Work History Analyses, pp. 1-19. , Dex, S, London: Routledge; Dex, S., Joshi, H., Macran, S., McCulloch, A., Women’s employment transitions around child bearing (1998) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 60, pp. 79-97; Di Salvo, P., Confronting employment, partnership and housing histories in one analysis (1996) Exploiting National Survey and Census Data: Longitudinal and Partnership Analyses, pp. 135-139. , Dale, A, Manchester: Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research; Duncan, S., Edwards, R., Lone mothers and paid work–rational economic man or gendered moral rationalities? (1997) Feminist Economics, 3 (2), pp. 29-61; Galler, H.P., Poetter, U., Unobserved heterogeneity in models of unemployment duration (1990) Event History Analysis in Life Course Research, pp. 22-240. , Mayer, K. U. and Tuma, N. B, Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press; Haider, N., (1997) Random Effects Models for Event History Analysis: An Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Formulations, , Unpublished DPhil Thesis, University of Lancaster; Heaton, T.B., Call, V.R.A., Modeling family dynamics with event history techniques (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 1078-1090; Hutchinson, D., Event history and survival analysis in the social sciences (1988) Quality and Quantity, 22, pp. 203-219; Jones, E.F., Ways in which childbearing affects women’s employment (1982) Population Studies, 36 (1), pp. 5-15; Joshi, H., Hinde, P.R.A., Employment after childbearing in post-war Britain: Cohort study evidence on contrasts within and across generations (1993) European Sociological Review, 9 (3), pp. 203-227; Joshi, H., Macran, S., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing and women’s subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort (1996) Journal of Population Economics, 9, pp. 325-348; Kalbfleisch, J.D., Prentice, R.L., (1980) The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, , New York: John Wiley); Manning, W.D., Cohabitation, marriage, and entry into motherhood (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 191-200; Mayer, K.U., Bruckner, E., Lebensverlaufe und Wohlfahrtsentwicklung. Konzeption (1989) Design Und Methodik Der Erhebung Von Lebensverlaufen Der Gerburtsjahrgänge 1929–1931, 1939–1941, 1949–1951, Materialien Aus Der Bildungsforschung, (35). , Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Berlin; Meghir, C., Whitehouse, E., Labour market transitions and retirement of men in the UK (1997) Journal of Econometrics, 79, pp. 327-354; Moss, P., Day care for young children in the United Kingdom (1991) Day Care for Young Children, pp. 99-112. , Melhuion, A and Moss, P, London: Tavistock/Routledge; Myers, D.J., Racial rioting in the 1960s: An event history analysis of local conditions (1997) American Sociological Review, 62, pp. 94-112; (1990) Employment Outlook, , Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development); Pickles, A., Davies, R., The longitudinal analysis of housing careers (1985) Journal of Regional Science, 25 (1), pp. 85-101; Sanders, K., Mothers and daughters in the Netherlands: The influence of the mother’s social background on daughters’ labour market participation after they have children (1997) The European Journal of Women’s Studies, 4, pp. 165-181; Yamaguchi, K., (1991) Event History Analysis, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011163827&doi=10.1080%2f13645570110062405&partnerID=40&md5=115e9ff084e4434814dddd7de2432054 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A 12-year follow-up study of treated obese children in Japan T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 770 EP - 777 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801992 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Togashi, K. AU - Masuda, H. AU - Rankinen, T. AU - Tanaka, S. AU - Bouchard, C. AU - Kamiya, H. AD - Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States AD - Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Mie University, Tsu, Japan AD - Department of Pediatrics, Mie National Hospital, Japan AD - Division of Human Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Toyama, TY, Japan AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess tracking for body weight from childhood to adulthood in obese Japanese children who were treated for obesity, investigate the relation between the changes in body weight status and morbidity, and identify correlates of the changes in body weight status. STUDY DESIGN: Twelve-year retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: A sample of 276 subjects (age 23.9 ± 4.1, 176 males and 100 females) who responded to a questionnaire mailed in 1998 to 1047 children (age 10.6 ± 2.2) treated for obesity at Mie National Hospital in Japan between 1976 and 1992. MEASUREMENTS: Based on height and weight from medical records during childhood, the relative weight (RW; weight expressed as a percentage of the standard body weight for age, height, and sex) was calculated. Degrees of childhood obesity were based on RW: slight obesity (120% ≤ RW < 130%; n = 17), moderate obesity (130% ≤ RW < 150%; n = 131), and severe obesity (RW ≥ 150%; n = 128). Adult body mass index (BMI), which was obtained from the mailed questionnaires, was classified as normal, overweight and obese according to the WHO/NIH criteria. Body weight tracking by degree of obesity was evaluated. Subjects with severe obesity during childhood (n = 128) were examined for their weight status in adulthood, prevalence of chronic diseases in adulthood, and factors such as parental obesity, dietary and exercise habits and obesity treatment during childhood. RESULTS: Childhood obesity tracked into adulthood obesity or overweight in 54.7% of all cases. Severely obese children (36.7%) were more likely to be obese as an adult than moderately obese children (16.8%). The prevalence of adult obesity tended to be greater in boys with moderate childhood obesity than in girls (29.7% in boys vs 14.9% in girls, P = 0.058). Among the severely obese children who became normal-weight adults, the prevalence of chronic diseases was about one-fifth of those who remained obese in adulthood (P = 0.041). Four factors were associated with changes in body weight status: maternal BMI at entry (P = 0.044), the changes in dietary and exercise habits after treatment (P = 0.014, P = 0.030, respectively), and satisfaction with obesity treatment in childhood (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Severely obese children have a higher risk of becoming obese adults even when they received obesity treatment in childhood. The risk of adulthood obesity was twice as high in moderately obese boys than in girls. On the other hand, many cases of childhood obesity can be corrected with obesity treatment, which in turn can decrease the risk for adult chronic diseases. KW - Adult obesity KW - Childhood obesity KW - Chronic disease KW - Follow-up study KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior therapy KW - body height KW - body weight KW - controlled study KW - correlation analysis KW - diet therapy KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - Japan KW - kinesiotherapy KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - patient satisfaction KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - retrospective study KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - treatment outcome KW - Adolescent KW - Behavior Therapy KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Chronic Disease KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Retrospective Studies N1 - Cited By :50 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12037646 LA - English N1 - References: Flegal, K.M., The obesity epidemic in children and adults: Current evidence and research issues (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, pp. S509-S514; Troiano, R.P., Felgal, K.M., Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and demographics (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. 497-504; Kotani, K., Nlshida, M., Yamashita, S., Funahashi, T., Fujioka, S., Tokunaga, K., Ishikawa, K., Matsuzawa, Y., Two decades of annual medical examinations in Japanese obese children: Do obese children grow into obese adults? (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 912-921; Mo-Suwan, L., Junjana, C., Puetpaiboon, A., Increasing obesity in school children in a transitional society and the effect of the weight control program (1993) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 24, pp. 590-594; Ho, T.F., Eleventh Haridas memorial lecture. Childhood obesity in Singapore primary school children: Epidemiological review and anthropometric evaluation (1985) J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 27, pp. 5-40; Burton, B.T., Foster, W.R., Hirsch, J., Van Itallie, T.B., Health implications of obesity: An NIH Consensus Development Conference (1985) Int J Obes, 9, pp. 155-170; Methods for voluntary weight loss and control (1993) Ann Intern Med, 119, pp. 764-770; Abraham, S., Collins, G., Nordsieck, M., Relationship of childhood weight status to morbidity in adults (1971) HSMHA Health Rep, 86, pp. 273-284; Mossberg, H.O., 40-Year follow-up of overweight children (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 491-493; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1992 to 1935 (1992) New Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Clarke, W.R., Lauer, R.M., Does childhood obesity track into adulthood? (1993) Cr Rev Food Sci Nutr, 33, pp. 423-430; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. S1-S107; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Br Med J (Clin Res Edn), 283, pp. 13-17; DiPietro, L., Mossberg, H.O., Stunkard, A.J., A 40-year history of overweight children in Stockholm: Life-time overweight, morbidity, and mortality (1994) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, pp. 585-590; Sungthong, R., Mo-Suwan, L., Chongsuvivatwong, V., Junjana, C., Secular increases in weight, height and body mass index among school children of Hat Yai, Thailand: A 5 years follow-up study (1999) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 30, pp. 532-538; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) New Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Twisk, J.W., Van Mechelen, W., Kemper, H.C., Post, G.B., The relation between "long-term exposure" to lifestyle during youth and young adulthood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease at adult age (1997) J Adolesc Health, 20, pp. 309-319; Epstein, L.H., Valoski, A., Wing, R.R., McCurley, J., Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children (1990) JAMA, 264, pp. 2519-2523; Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. The Evidence report (1998) Obes Res, 6; (1998) Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic, , Report of a WHO consultation on obesity, Geneva, 3-5 June 1997. WHO: Geneva; Murata, M., Kimie, Y., Itani, A., Inaba, M., Standard body weight for age between 5 years and 17 years (1980) J Child Health, 39, pp. 93-96; (1977) Report on School Health Survey; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) Br Med J, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Katzmarzyk, P.T., Perusse, L., Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C., Seven-year stability of indicators of obesity and adipose tissue distribution in the Canadian population (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 69, pp. 1123-1129; Perusse, L., Bouchard, C., Role of genetic factors in childhood obesity and in susceptibility to dietary variations (1999) Ann Med, 31, pp. 19-25; Matsuura, K., Fujimura, M., Nozawa, Y., Iida, Y., Hirayama, M., The body shape preferences of Japanese female students (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 87-93; Strauss, R.S., Comparison of measured and self-reported weight and height in a cross-sectional sample of young adolescents (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 904-908; Giacchi, M., Mattei, R., Rossi, S., Correction of the self-reported BMI in a teenage population (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 673-677; Raitakari, O.T., Porkka, K.V., Taimela, S., Telama, R., Rasanen, L., Viikari, J.S., Effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 195-205; Post, G.B., Kemper, H.C., Twisk, J., Van Mechelen, W., The association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease risk indicators in healthy youngsters: Results covering fifteen years of longitudinal development (1997) Eur J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 387-393; Kemper, H.C., Post, G.B., Twisk, J.W., Van Mechelen, W., Lifestyle and obesity in adolescence and young adulthood: Results from the Amsterdam Growth And Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS) (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. S34-S40 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036269712&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0801992&partnerID=40&md5=68e4ac6adc9b8149eb5df970d1e39bb5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity prevalence and tracking of body mass index after a 6 years follow up study in children and adolescents: The cuenca study, Spain ST - Prevalencia de la obesidad y mantenimiento del estado ponderal tras un seguimiento de 6 años en niños y adolescentes: Estudio de Cuenca T2 - Medicina Clinica J2 - Med. Clin. VL - 119 IS - 9 SP - 327 EP - 330 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0025-7753(02)73406-4 SN - 00257753 (ISSN) AU - Martínes Vizcaíno, F. AU - Salcedo Aguilar, F. AU - Rodríguez Artalejo, F. AU - Martínez Vizcaíno, V. AU - Domínguez Contreras, M.L. AU - Torrijos Regidor, R. AD - Centro de Salud Cuenca I, Unidad Docente de Medicina de Familia, Comunitaria de Cuenca, Spain AD - Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain AD - Área de Salud Pública, EU de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain AB - Background: The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of Cuenca -a Spanish city-, and to track down both conditions over 6 years. Method: The follow-up study of cardiovascular risk factors began in 1992 with a cross-sectional survey of 307 children aged 9-12 years old who were recruited in three public schools. On a second survey in 1998, we examined schoolchildren of the 1992 cohort as well as 9-13 years-old schoolchildren from the same public schools. Besides socio-demographics variables, we determined weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Individuals were classified as having normal weight, overweight and obesity, according to criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Results: Prevalence of overweight was 26.6%, and that of obesity was 3.9%. Overweight and obesity were more frequent in women that in men (not statistically significant differences). Spearman's correlation coefficient in the cohort followed-up between 1992 and 1998 regarding BMI was 0.72. Intra-class correlation coefficient between BMI percentile in 1992 and 1998 was 0.78. Relative risk of overweight and obesity in 1998 for individuals who had overweight or obesity in 1992 was 2.9 (95% CI, 2.21-4.04). Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of Cuenca is among the highest reported so far. BMI increased from the pre-pubertal through the post-pubertal period. KW - Adolescence KW - Body mass index KW - Child KW - Follow-up studies KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Tracking KW - adolescent KW - adulthood KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - cardiovascular risk KW - city KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation coefficient KW - demography KW - female KW - follow up KW - health survey KW - human KW - male KW - obesity KW - prepuberty KW - prevalence KW - school child KW - sex ratio KW - social aspect KW - Spain KW - statistical significance KW - cardiovascular disease KW - child KW - obesity KW - risk factor KW - Spain KW - time KW - Adolescent KW - Body Weight KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors KW - Spain KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :40 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C7 - 73406 C2 - 12356361 LA - Spanish N1 - Correspondence Address: Martínez Vizcaíno, V.; Edificio Melchor Cano, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Centro de Salud Cuenca I, Camino de Pozuelo s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain N1 - References: Visscher, T.L., Seidell, J.C., The public health impact of obesity (2001) Annu. Rev. Public Health, 22, pp. 355-375; Popkin, B.M., Doak, C.M., The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon (1998) Nutr. Rev, 56, pp. 106-114; Strauss, R.S., Pollack, H.A., Epidemic increase in childhood overweight, 1986-1998 (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 2845-2848; Aranceta, J., Pérez Rodrigo, C., Serra Majem, L., Ribas, L., Quiles Izquierdo, J., Vioque, J., Grupo Colaborativo Español para el estudio de la Obesidad. Prevalencia de obesidad en España: Estudio SEEDO 97 (1998) Med. Chin. (Barc), 111, pp. 441-445; Moreno, L.A., Sarria, A., Fleta, J., Rodriguez, G., Bueno, M., Trends in body mass index and overweight prevalence among children and adolescents in the region of Aragón (Spain) from 1985 to 1995 (2000) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 24, pp. 925-931; Ríos, M., Fluiters, E., Pérez Mendez, L.F., García Mayor, E.G., García Mayor, R.V., Prevalence of childhood overweight in Northwestern Spain: A comparative study of two periods with a ten year interval (1999) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 23, pp. 1095-1098; Gutiírrez-Fisac, J.L., Banegas Banegas, J.R., Rodríguez Artalejo, F., Regidor, E., Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among Spanish adults, 1987-1997 (2000) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 24, pp. 1677-1682; Rodríguez Artalejo, F., López García, E., Gutiérrez Fisac, J.L., Banegas Banegas, J.R., Lafuente Urdinguio, P.J., Domínguez Rojas, V., Changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their risk factors in Spain, 1987-1997 (2002) Prev. Med, 34, pp. 72-81; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.C., Siervogel, R.M., Age and maturity-related changes in body composition during the adolescence into adulthood: The Fels Longitudinal Study (1997) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 21, pp. 1167-1175; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 70, pp. 145-148; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidell, J.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childoood and parental obesity (1997) N. Engl. J. Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Wang, Y., Ge, K., Popkin, B.M., Tracking of body mass index from childhood to adolescence: A 6-y follow-up study in China (2000) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 72, pp. 1018-1024; Ballew, C., Liu, K., Levinson, S., Comparison of three weight-for-height indices in blood pressure studies in children (1990) Am. J. Epidemiol, 131, pp. 532-537; Resnicow, K., Morabia, A., The relation between body mass index and plasma total cholesterol in a multiracial sample of US schoolchildren (1990) J. Epidemiol, 132, pp. 1083-1090; Dietz, W.H., Bellizi, M.C., The use of body mass index to assess obesity in children (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 70, pp. 123-125; Dietz, W.H., Robinson, T.N., Use of the body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overweight in children and adolescents (1998) J. Pediatr, 132, pp. 191-193; Styne, D.M., Childhood and adolescent obesity. Prevalence and significance (2001) Pediatr. Clin. North Am, 48, pp. 823-854; Pietrobelli, A., Faith, M.S., Allison, D.B., Gallagher, D., Chiumello, G., Heymsfield, S.B., Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: A validation study (1998) J. Pediatr, 132, pp. 204-210; Bailey, K.V., Ferro-Luzzi, A., Use of body mass index of adults in assessing individual and community nutritional status (1995) Bull. World Health Organ, 3, pp. 673-680; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Martínez Vizcaíno, V., Salcedo Aguilar, F., Franquelo Gutiérrez, R., Jarabo Crespo, Y., García Navalón, P., Domínguez Rojas, V., Familial aggregation of cardiovascular disease risk factors: The Cuenca study (1999) Prev. Med, 28, pp. 131-137; Martínez Vizcaíno, V., Salcedo Aguilar, F., Jarabo Crespo, Y., García Navalón, P., Cebrián Martínez, C., Domínguez Rojas, V., Agregación familiar de citras de presión arterial e índices ponderales: Estudio de Cuenca (1998) Med. Clin. (Barc), 111, pp. 367-371; Fleiss, J.L., Statistical methods for rates and proportions (1981), New York: John Wiley and Sons; Bland, J.M., Altman, D.G., Statistics notes: Measurement error (1996) BMJ, 313, p. 744; Fernández-Cruz, A., Gabriel Sánchez, R., Sobrino, M.P., Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la infancia y adolescencia en España. Estudio RICARDIN II: Valores de referencia (1995) An. Esp. Pediatr, 43, pp. 11-17; Rodríguez Artalejo, F., Garcés, C., Gorgojo, L., López García, E., Martín-Moreno, J.M., Benavente, M., Dietary patterns among children aged 6-7 in four Spanish cities with widely differing cardiovascular mortality (2002) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr, 56, pp. 141-148; Flegal, K.M., Troiano, R.P., Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population (2000) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 24, pp. 807-818; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies of British children, 1974-94 (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 24-26; De Vito, E., La Torre, G., Langiano, E., Berardi, D., Ricciardi, G., Overweight and obesity among secondary school children en Central Italy (1999) Eur. J. Epidemiol, 15, pp. 649-654; Hirasing, R.A., Fredriks, A.M., Van Buuren, S., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Wit, J.M., Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity using international criteria and new reference diagrams (2001) Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd, 145, pp. 1303-1308; Prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents: United States, 1999 (2002), http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overwght99.htm, National Center for Health Statistics. [consultado 10/1/]. Disponible en; Hulens, M., Beunen, G., Claessens, A.L., Lefevre, J., Thomis, M., Philippaerts, R., Trends in BMI among Belgian children, adolescents and adults from 1969 to 1996 (2001) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord, 25, pp. 395-399; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Landis, R., Koch, G., The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data (1977) Biometrics, 33, pp. 159-174; Twisk, J.W.R., Kemper, H.C.G., Mellenbergh, G.J., Mathematical and analytical aspects of tracking (1994) Epidemiol. Rev, 16, pp. 165-183 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037152048&doi=10.1016%2fS0025-7753%2802%2973406-4&partnerID=40&md5=229bb4da9384f5a7bf496d43e5f0e04a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stress-related eating and drinking behavior and body mass index and predictors of this behavior T2 - Preventive Medicine J2 - Prev. Med. VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 29 EP - 39 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1006/pmed.2001.0948 SN - 00917435 (ISSN) AU - Laitinen, J. AU - Ek, E. AU - Sovio, U. AD - Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland AD - Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland AB - Background. Earlier studies on stress and obesity have not considered coping in situations involving stress. This study examines the associations between stress-related eating and drinking and obesity and the factors predicting this behavior. Predictive factors include risk factors for adult obesity, longitudinal socioeconomic status, and perceived social support. Methods. A longitudinal, population-based study of 2,359 men and 2,791 women born in 1966 in Northern Finland was conducted. Results. The body mass index at 31 years was highest among stress-driven eaters and drinkers, especially among women. Stress-driven eaters tended to eat sausages, hamburgers and pizza, and chocolate more frequently than other people. Stress-driven eaters consumed more alcohol than other people. The best predictors of stress-related eating and drinking among men age 31 years were being single or divorced, a long history of unemployment, an academic degree, and a low level of occupational education. Among women, the best predictor was a lack of emotional support. Conclusion. Programs aimed at preventing and treating obesity should cover the way in which people deal with emotions, ways of achieving greater emotional support, and strategies for handling stress caused by unemployment or work. © 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Body mass index KW - Cohort studies KW - Diet KW - Stress KW - Work KW - alcohol KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - behavior KW - body mass KW - cacao KW - clinical trial KW - drinking behavior KW - education KW - emotion KW - employment KW - feeding behavior KW - female KW - Finland KW - food KW - gender KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - marriage KW - meat KW - obesity KW - population research KW - prediction KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - social support KW - stress KW - work PB - Elsevier N1 - Cited By :182 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PVTMA C2 - 11749094 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Laitinen, J.; Oulu Reg. Inst. of Occup. Health, Aapistie 1, 90220 Oulu, Finland; email: jaana.laitinen@occuphealth.fi N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alcohol, 64-17-5 N1 - References: Ganley, R.M., Emotion and eating in obesity: A review of the literature (1989) Int J Eat Disord, 8, pp. 343-361; Macht, M., Simons, G., Emotions and eating in everyday life (2000) Appetite, 35, pp. 65-71; Greeno, C.G., Wing, R.R., Stress-induced eating (1994) Psychol Bull, 115, pp. 444-464; Korkeila, M., Kaprio, J., Rissanen, A., Koskenvuo, M., Sorensen, T.I.A., Predictors of major weight gain in adult Finns: Stress, life satisfaction and personality traits (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 949-957; Slochower, J., Emotional labeling and overeating in obese and normal weight individuals (1976) Psychosom Med, 38, pp. 131-139; Selye, H., Confusion and controversy in the stress field (1975) J Hum Stress, 1, pp. 37-44; Selye, H., Forty years of stress research: Principal remaining problems and misconceptions (1976) Can Med Assoc J, 115, pp. 53-56; Kalimo, R., Mejman, T., Psychological and behavioural responses to stress at work (1987) Psychosocial factors at work and their relation to health, pp. 23-36. , Kalimo R, El-Batavi MA, Cooper CL, editors. Geneva: WHO; Clair, D., Genest, M., Variables associated with the adjustment of offspring of alcoholic fathers (1987) J Stud Alcohol, 48, pp. 345-355; Lowe, M.R., Fisher E.B., Jr., Emotional reactivity, emotional eating, and obesity: A naturalistic study (1983) J Behav Med, 6, pp. 135-149; Noone, M., Dua, J., Markham, R., Stress, cognitive factors, and coping resources as predictors of relapse in alcoholics (1999) Addict Behav, 24, pp. 687-693; Hansel, S.L., Wittrock, D.A., Appraisal and coping strategies in stressful situations: A comparison of individuals who binge eat and controls (1997) Int J Eat Disord, 21, pp. 89-93; French, S.A., Jeffery, R.W., Sherwood, N.E., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Prevalence and correlates of binge eating in a nonclinical sample of women enrolled in a weight gain prevention program (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 576-585; Lazarus, R.S., (1966) Psychological stress and the coping process, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Lazarus, R.S., Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future (1993) Psychosom Med, 55, pp. 234-247; Blanchard-Fields, F., Irion, J.C., The relation between locus of control and coping in two contexts: Age as a moderator variable (1988) Psychol Aging, 3, pp. 197-203; Kennett, D.J., Nisbet, C., The influence of body mass index and learned resourcefulness skills on body image and lifestyle practices (1998) Patient Educ Couns, 33, pp. 1-12; Thoits, P.A., Social support as coping assistance (1986) J Consult Clin Psychol, 54, pp. 416-423; Gerald, L.B., Anderson, A., Johnson, G.D., Hoff, C., Trimm, R.F., Social class, social support and obesity risk in children (1994) Child Care Health Dev, 20, pp. 145-163; Sarason, B., Pierce, G.R., Sarason, I.G., Social support and interactional processes: A triadic hypothesis (1990) J Soc Pers Relat, 7, pp. 495-506; Troop, N.A., Treasure, J.L., Psychosocial factors in the onset of eating disorders: Responses to life-events and difficulties (1997) Br J Med Psychol, 70, pp. 373-385; Rosenfield, S.N., Stevenson, J.S., Perception of daily stress and oral coping behaviors in normal, overweight, and recovering alcoholic women (1988) Res Nurs Health, 11, pp. 165-174; Koff, E., Sangani, P., Effects of coping style and negative body image on eating disturbance (1997) Int J Eat Disord, 22, pp. 51-56; Fryer, S., Waller, G., Kroese, B.S., Stress, coping, and disturbed eating attitudes in teenage girls (1997) Int J Eat Disord, 22, pp. 427-436; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (SUPPL. 8), pp. S1-107; Laitinen, J., Power, C., Jarvelin, M.R., Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity (2001) Am J Clin Nutr, 74, pp. 287-294; Rantakallio, P., Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality (1969) Acta Paediatr Scand, 193, pp. 1-71; Rantakallio, P., The longitudinal study of the northern Finland birth cohort of 1966 (1988) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, pp. 59-88; Parkes, K.R., Coping in stressful episodes: The role of individual differences, environmental factors, and situational characteristics (1986) J Pers Soc Psychol, 51, pp. 1277-1292; Seiffge-Krenke, I., Coping behavior in normal and clinical samples: More similarities than differences? (1993) J Adolesc, 16, pp. 285-303; Smyth, K., Yarandi, H.N., Factor analysis of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire for African American women (1996) Nurs Res, 45, pp. 25-29; Wineman, N.M., Durand, E.J., McCulloch, B.J., Examination of the factor structure of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire with clinical populations (1994) Nurs Res, 43, pp. 268-273; Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S., (1984) Stress, appraisal, and coping, , New York: Springer; (1998) Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic, , Geneva: WHO; (1998) Finravinto 1997-Tutkimus. [The 1997 dietary survey of Finnish adults.], , Helsinki: Institute of Public Health; Helakorpi, S., Uutela, A., Prättälä, R., Puska, P., (1997) Suomalaisen aikuisväestön terveyskäyttäytyminen, kevät 1997. [Health behavior among the Finnish adult population, Spring 1997.], , Helsinki: National Public Health Institute; Drewnowski, A., Brunzell, J.D., Sande, K., Iverius, P.H., Greenwood, M.R., Sweet tooth reconsidered: Taste responsiveness in human obesity (1985) Physiol Behav, 35, pp. 617-622; Drewnowski, A., Kurth, C., Holden-Wiltse, J., Saari, J., Food preferences in human obesity: Carbohydrates versus fats (1992) Appetite, 18, pp. 207-221; Rantakallio, P., Social background of mothers who smoke during pregnancy and influence of these factors on the offspring (1979) Soc Sci Med, 13 A, pp. 423-429; (1954) Sosiaaliryhmitys [Social classification]: Helsingin kaupungin tilastotoimisto, , Helsinki, Finland; Vahtera, J., Uutela, A., Pentti, J., The effects of objective job demands on registered sickness absence spells: Do personal, social and job-related resources act as moderators? (1996) Work Stress, 19, pp. 286-308; Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B., Social support - Insights from assessment and experimentation (1985) Social support: theory, research and applications, pp. 39-50. , Sarason IG, Sarason B, editor. Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; Rasheed, P., Perception of body weight and self-reported eating and exercise behaviour among obese and non-obese women in Saudi Arabia (1998) Public Health, 112, pp. 409-414; Pietinen, P., Vartiainen, E., Mannisto, S., Trends in body mass index and obesity among adults in Finland from 1972 to 1992 (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, pp. 114-120; Lahti-Koski, M., Vartiainen, E., Mannisto, S., Pietinen, P., Age, education and occupation as determinants of trends in body mass index in Finland from 1982 to 1997 (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 1669-1676; Braddon, F.E., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E., Davies, J.M., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Educ), 293, pp. 299-303; Laara, E., Rantakallio, P., Body size and mortality in women: A 29 year follow up of 12,000 pregnant women in northern Finland (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 408-414; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Mehlum, L., Alcohol and stress in Norwegian United Nations peacekeepers (1999) Mil Med, 164, pp. 720-724; Parkes, K.R., Coping, negative affectivity, and the work environment: Additive and interactive predictors of mental health (1990) J Appl Psychol, 75, pp. 399-409; Nakano, K., Coping strategies and psychological symptoms in a Japanese sample (1991) J Clin Psychol, 47, pp. 346-350; Kotler, T., Buzwell, S., Romeo, Y., Bowland, J., Avoidant attachment as a risk factor for health (1994) Br J Med Psychol, 67, pp. 237-245; Carpenter, K.M., Hasin, D.S., Drinking to cope with negative affect and DSM-IV alcohol use disorders: A test of three alternative explanations (1999) J Stud Alcohol, 60, pp. 694-704; Miller, N.S., Flaherty, J.A., Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences): A review of the clinical research (2000) J Subst Abuse Treat, 18, pp. 9-16; Robinson, T.E., Berridge, K.C., The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: An incentive-sensitization view (2000) Addiction, 95 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S91-S117; Oliver, G., Wardle, J., Perceived effects of stress on food choice (1999) Physiol Behav, 66, pp. 511-515; Drewnowski, A., Kurth, C.L., Rahaim, J.E., Taste preferences in human obesity: Environmental and familial factors (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. 635-641; Colditz, G.A., Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E.B., Stampfer, M.J., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.E., Alcohol intake in relation to diet and obesity in women and men (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. 49-55; McCrory, M.A., Fuss, P.J., McCallum, J.E., Yao, M., Vinken, A.G., Hays, N.P., Roberts, S.B., Dietary variety within food groups: Association with energy intake and body fatness in men and women (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 69, pp. 440-447; Bruinsma, K., Taren, D.L., Chocolate: Food or drug? (1999) J Am Diet Assoc, 99, pp. 1249-1256; Weingarten, H.P., Elston, D., The phenomenology of food cravings (1990) Appetite, 15, pp. 231-246; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; Roos, E., Lahelma, E., Virtanen, M., Prattala, R., Pietinen, P., Gender, socioeconomic status and family status as determinants of food behaviour (1998) Soc Sci Med, 46, pp. 1519-1529; Bell, J., Stressful life events and coping methods in mental-illness and -wellness behaviors (1977) Nurs Res, 26, pp. 136-141; Robbins, P.R., Tanck, R.H., A factor analysis of coping behaviors (1978) J Clin Psychol, 34, pp. 379-380; Field, H., Defence mechanisms in psychosomatic medicine (1979) Psychosomatics, 20, pp. 690-700; Heitmann, B.L., Lissner, L., Dietary underreporting by obese individuals - Is it specific or non-specific? (1995) Br Med J, 311, pp. 986-989; Kretsch, M.J., Fong, A.K., Green, M.W., Behavioral and body size correlates of energy intake underreporting by obese and normal-weight women (1999) J Am Diet Assoc, 99, pp. 300-306; Goris, A.H., Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S., Westerterp, K.R., Undereating and underrecording of habitual food intake in obese men: Selective underreporting of fat intake (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 71, pp. 130-134; Feunekes, G.I., Van't Veer, P., Van Staveren, W.A., Kok, F.J., Alcohol intake assessment: The sober facts (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 105-112; Buzzard, M., 24-hour dietary recall and food record methods (1998) Nutritional epidemiology. 2nd ed., pp. 50-73. , Willett W, editor. New York/ Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036353189&doi=10.1006%2fpmed.2001.0948&partnerID=40&md5=2376beaf4caa60448362003ba7053537 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of context, timing, and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to midadulthood T2 - Child Development J2 - Child Dev. VL - 73 IS - 5 SP - 1486 EP - 1504 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1111/1467-8624.00485 SN - 00093920 (ISSN) AU - Schoon, I. AU - Bynner, J. AU - Joshi, H. AU - Parsons, S. AU - Wiggins, R.D. AU - Sacker, A. AD - City University, London, United Kingdom AD - The Institute of Education, United States AD - City University, United States AD - Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom AB - This study investigated the long-term effects of social disadvantage on academic achievement and on subsequent attainments in adulthood. The study drew on data collected for over 30,000 individuals born 12 years apart, following their development from birth to adulthood. The pathways that link social disadvantage to individual development across the life course were analyzed in a developmental-contextual systems model. The results showed that the influence of risk factors associated with socioeconomic disadvantage depended on the developmental stage of the individual, the experience of long-term or continuous disadvantage, and the over-all sociohistorical context. Early risk had a moderate influence on the formation of individual competences. The greatest risk was associated with persisting and accumulating experiences of socioeconomic disadvantage throughout childhood and adolescence. Material conditions improved for the later-born cohort, yet pervasive social inequalities existed that affected outcomes during childhood and were consequently reflected in adult attainment. © 2002 by the Society for Research in Child Development, Inc. All rights reserved. KW - achievement KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - parent KW - risk factor KW - social adaptation KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - time KW - Achievement KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Parents KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Adjustment KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Time N1 - Cited By :101 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12361314 LA - English N1 - References: Ackerman, B.P., Schoff, K., Levinson, K., Youngstrom, E., Izard, C.E., The relations between cluster indexes of risk and promotion and the problem behaviours of 6-and 7-year-old children from economically disadvantaged families (1999) Developmental Psychology, 6, pp. 1355-1366; Arbuckle, J.C., Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data (1996) Advanced Structural Equation Modelling Techniques, , G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; Arbuckle, J.C., (1999) AMOS for Windows. Analysis of Moment Structures. Version 4.01, , Chicago: SmallWaters Corporation; Axinn, W., Duncan, G.J., Thornton, A., The effects of parents' income, wealth, and attitudes on children's completed schooling and self-esteem (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 518-540. , G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Baltes, P.B., Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dynamics between growth and decline (1987) Developmental Psychology, 23, pp. 611-626; Banks, M., Bates, I., Breakwell, G., Bynner, J., Emler, N., Jamieson, L., Roberts, K., (1992) Careers and Identities, , Milton Keynes, U.K.: Open University Press; Baumrind, D., The average expectable environment is not good enough. A response to Scarr (1993) Child Development, 64, pp. 1299-1317; Bentler, P.M., Comparative fit indices in structural models (1990) Psychological Bulletin, 107, pp. 238-246; Birch, H.G., Gussow, J.D., (1970) Disadvantaged Children: Health, Nutrition and School Failure, , New York: Grune & Stratton; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: Wiley; Bolger, K.E., Patterson, C.J., Thompson, W.W., Psychosocial adjustment among children experiencing persistent and intermittent family economic hardship (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1107-1129; Bollen, K.A., (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Variables, , New York: Wiley; Bollen, K.A., Long, J.S., (1993) Testing Structural Equation Models, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Bozdogan, H., Model section and Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC): The general theory and its analytical extensions (1987) Psychometrika, 52, pp. 345-370; Brimer, M.A., Dunn, L.M., (1962) English Picture Vocabulary Test, , Bristol, U.K.: Education Evaluation Enterprises; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Bronfenbrenner, U., Ceci, S.J., Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: A bioecological model (1994) Psychological Review, 101, pp. 568-586; Butler, N., Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., (1997) 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) Ten-year Follow-up: A Guide to the BCS70 10-year Data Available at the Economic and Social Research Unit Data Archive, , London: City University, Social Statistics Research Unit; Bynner, J., Elias, P., McKnight, A., Pan, H., (1999) The Changing Nature of the Youth Labour Market in Great Britain, , (Report to the Rowntree Foundation). York, U.K.: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1997) Getting On, Getting By, Getting Nowhere. Twenty-something in the 1990's, , Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2000) The 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study, , (Working paper No. 1). London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies; Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Tsatsas, M., (2000) Obstacles and Opportunities on the Route to Adulthood, , London: Smith Institute; Caprara, G.V., Rutter, M., Individual development and social change (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, pp. 35-66. , M. Rutter & D. J. Smith (Eds.). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley; Campbell, F.A., Ramey, C.T., Effects of early intervention on intellectual and academic achievement. A follow-up study of children from low-income families (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 684-698; Campbell, S.B., Pierce, E.W., Moore, G., Marakovitz, S., Newby, K., Boys' externalising problems at elementary school age: Pathways from early behavioural problems, maternal control, and family stress (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 701-719; Caspi, A., Wright, B.R.E., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 424-451; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., Sleeper effects in development: Fact or artefact (1981) Developmental Review, 1, pp. 344-360; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., (2000) Early Experience and the Life Path, , London: Jessica Kingsley; Cicchetti, D., Garmezy, N., Milestones in the development of resilience (1993) Development and Psychopathology, 5, pp. 497-774; Cicchetti, D., Tucker, D., Development and self-regulatory structures of the mind (1994) Development and Psychopathology, 6, pp. 533-549; Cohen, J., A power primer (1992) Psychological Bulletin, 112, pp. 155-159; Conger, R.D., Conger, K.J., Elder, G.H., Lorenz, F.O., Simons, R.L., Whitbeck, L.B., Family economic stress and adjustment of early adolescent girls (1993) Developmental Psychology, 29, pp. 206-219; Davie, R., Butler, H., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , London: Longman; Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K.A., Bates, J.E., Pettit, G.S., Multiple risk factors in the development of externalising behavior problems: Group and individual differences (1998) Development and Psychopathology, 10, pp. 469-494; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Economic deprivation and early childhood development (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 296-318; Duncan, G.J., Rodgers, W.L., Longitudinal aspects of poverty (1988) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, pp. 1007-1021; Duncan, G.J., Yeung, W.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Smith, J.R., How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children? (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 406-423; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , (Working paper No. 1). London: City University, Social Statistics Research Unit Cohort Studies; Elder, G.H., (1985) Life Course Dynamics, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Elder, G.H., (1999) Children of the Great Depression. Social Change in Life Experience (25th Anniversary Ed.), , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Elder, G.H., Pavalko, E.K., Hastings, T.H., Talent, history and the fulfillment of promise (1991) Psychiatry, 54, pp. 251-267; Featherman, D.L., Lerner, R.M., Ontogenesis and sociogenesis. Problematics for theory about development across the life-span (1985) American Sociological Review, 50, pp. 659-676; Feiring, C., Lewis, M., Finality in the eye of the beholder: Multiple sources, multiple time points, multiple paths (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 721-733; Feiner, R.D., Brand, S., DuBois, D.L., Adan, A., Mulhall, P.F., Evans, E.G., Socioeconomic disadvantage, proximal environmental experiences, and socioemotional and academic adjustment in early adolescence: Investigation of a mediated effects model (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 774-792; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lawton, J.M., Vulnerability to childhood problems and family social background (1990) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, pp. 1145-1160; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., The childhoods of multiple problem adolescents: A 15-year longitudinal study (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1123-1140; Fitzgerald, H.E., Lester, B.M., Zuckerman, B.S., (1995) Children of Poverty: Research, Health, and Policy Issues, , New York: Garland; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain. Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan (for the National Children's Bureau); Garmezy, N., Stress-resistant children: The search for protective factors (1985) Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology, pp. 213-233. , A. Davids. (Ed.). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon; Garmezy, N., Resilience and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty (1991) American Behavioural Scientist, 34, pp. 416-430; (1978) Edinburgh Reading Test, , Sevenoaks, U.K.: Hodder and Stoughton; Goldstein, H., Some models for analysing longitudinal data on educational attainment (1979) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 142, pp. 407-442; Gottlieb, G., Wahlsten, D., Lickliter, R., The significance of biology for human development: A developmental psychobiological systems view (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical Models of Human Development (5th Ed.), 1, pp. 233-274. , R. M. Lerner (Ed.), W. Damon (Series Ed.). New York: Wiley; Goodenough, F., (1926) Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings, , New York: Harcourt, Brace & World; Greenberg, M.T., Lengua, L.J., Coie, J.D., Pinderhughes, E.E., Predicting developmental outcomes at school entry using a multiple-risk model: Four American communities (1999) Developmental Psychology, 35, pp. 403-417; Hammen, C., Cognitive, life stress, and interpersonal approaches to a developmental psychopathological model of depression (1992) Development and Psychopathology, 4, pp. 189-206; Harris, D.B., (1963) Children's Drawings As Measures of Intellectual Maturity, , New York: Harcourt, Brace & World; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., (1994) Succeeding Generations: On the Effects of Investments in Children, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Hoffman, L.W., A proof and a disproof questioned (1994) Social Development, 3, pp. 60-63; Horowitz, F.D., Child development and the PITS: Simple questions, complex answers, and developmental theory (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 1-10; Huston, A.C., McLoyd, V.C., Coll, C.G., Children and poverty: Issues in contemporary research (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 275-282; Jackson, J.F., Human behavioral genetics. Scarr's theory and her views on interventions: A critical review and comments on their implications for American children (1993) Child Development, 63, pp. 1318-1332; Koppitz, E.M., (1968) Psychological Evaluation of Children's Human Figure Drawings, , New York: Grune & Stratton; Krieger, N., Williams, D.R., Measuring social class in US public health research: Concepts, methodologies and guidelines (1997) Annual Review of Public Health, 18, pp. 341-378; Leete, R., Fox, J., Registrar General's social classes: Origins and users (1977) Population Trends, 8, pp. 1-7; Lerner, R.M., (1984) On the Nature of Human Plasticity, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Lerner, R.M., Relative plasticity, integration, temporality, and diversity in human development: A developmental contextual perspective about theory, process, and method (1996) Developmental Psychology, 32, pp. 781-786; Lerner, R.M., Von Eye, A., Sociobiology and human development: Arguments and evidence (1992) Human Development, 35, pp. 12-33; Luthar, S.S., Cicchetti, D., Becker, B., The construct of resilience. A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work (2000) Child Development, 71, pp. 543-562; Marsh, C., Social class and occupation (1986) Key Variables in Social Investigation, pp. 123-152. , R. Burgess (Ed.). London: Routledge; Masten, A.S., Best, K.M., Garmezy, N., Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity (1990) Development and Psychopathology, 2, pp. 425-444; McLoyd, V.C., The impact of economic hardships on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development (1990) Child Development, 61, pp. 311-346; (1980) Standard Classification of Occupations (SOC), , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; (1990) Standard Classification of Occupations (SOC), , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five-year-olds, , London: Routledge; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape from Disadvantage, , London: Falmer Press; Plomin, R., Bergeman, C.S., The nature of nurture: Genetic influence on "environmental" measures (1991) Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, pp. 373-427; Plomin, R., Daniels, D., Why are children in the same family so different from one another? (1987) Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10, pp. 1-16; Plomin, R., McClearn, G.E., (1993) Nature, Nurture, and Psychology, , Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association; Prandy, K., The revised Cambridge Scale of occupations (1990) Sociology, 24, pp. 629-655; Pringle, M.L.K., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., (1966) 11,000 Seven Year Olds, , London: Longman; Pungello, E.P., Kupersmidt, J.B., Burchinal, M.R., Patterson, C.J., Enviromental risk factors and children's achievement from middle childhood to early adolescence (1996) Developmental Psychology, 32, pp. 755-767; Ramey, C.T., Ramey, S.L., Intensive education intervention for children of poverty (1990) Intelligence, 14, pp. 1-9; Robins, L.N., Rutter, M., (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage (1979) Primary Prevention in Psychopathology, 3, pp. 49-74. , M. W. Kent & J. E. Rolf (Eds.). Hanover, NH: University Press of New England; Rutter, M., Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms (1990) Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology, pp. 181-214. , J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Chichetti, K. H. Nuechterlin, & S. Weintraub (Eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Madge, N., (1976) Cycles of Disadvantage: A Review of Research, , London: Heinemann Educational Books; Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., Ouston, J., (1979) Fifteen Thousand Hours. Secondary Schools and Their Effects on Children, , London: Open Books; Sameroff, A.J., Developmental systems: Contexts and evolution (1983) Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 1. History, Theory and Methods, 1, pp. 237-294. , W. Kessen (Ed.), P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.). New York: Wiley; Sameroff, A.J., Seifer, R., Baldwin, A., Baldwin, C., Stability of intelligence from preschool to adolescence: The influence of social and family risk factors (1993) Child Development, 64, pp. 80-97; Scarr, S., Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences (1992) Child Development, 63, pp. 1-19; Schoon, I., McCulloch, A., Joshi, H., Wiggins, R.D., Bynner, J., Transitions from school to work in a changing social context (2001) Young, 9, pp. 4-23; Schoon, I., Parsons, S., Teenage aspirations for future careers and occupational outcomes (2002) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, pp. 262-288; Schoon, I., Parsons, S., Competence in the face of adversity: The impact of early family environment and long-term consequences Children & Society, , in press; Schulenberg, J., Vondracek, F.W., Crouter, A.C., The influence of the family on voctional development (1984) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 10, pp. 129-143; Scott, L.H., Measuring intelligence with the Good-enough-Harris drawing test (1981) Psychological Bulletin, 89, pp. 483-505; Sewell, W.H., Haller, A.O., Ohlendorf, G.W., The educational and early occupational status attainment process: Replication and revision (1970) American Sociological Revieiv, 35, pp. 1014-1027; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-188. , E. Ferri (Ed.). London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , (Working paper No. 1). London: City University, Social Statistics Research Unit; Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Getting On, Getting By, Getting Nowhere. Twenty-something in the 1990's, pp. 129-136. , J. Bynner, E. Ferri, & P. Shepherd (Eds.). Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate; Southgate, V., (1962) Southgate Reading Tests: Manual of Instructions, , London: University of London Press; Sroufe, L.A., Egeland, B., Kreuzer, T., The fate of early experience following developmental change: Longitudinal approaches to individual adaptation in childhood (1990) Child Development, 61, pp. 1363-1373; Steiger, J.H., Structural model evaluation and modification: An internal estimation approach (1990) Multivariate Behavioural Research, 25, pp. 173-180; Szatmari, P., Shannon, H.S., Offord, D.R., Models of multiple risk: Psychiatric disorder and poor school performance (1994) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 4, pp. 231-240; Tizard, J., Psychology and social policy (1976) British Psychological Society Bulletin, 29, pp. 225-234; Walker, D., Greenwood, C., Hart, B., Carta, J., Prediction of school outcomes based on early language production and socio-economic factors (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 606-621; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1992) Overcoming the Odds. High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036728390&doi=10.1111%2f1467-8624.00485&partnerID=40&md5=546832677ab6a095ad637437be1fd393 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutritional status of 11-12-year-old Jamaican children: Coexistence of under- and overnutrition in early adolescence T2 - Public Health Nutrition J2 - Public Health Nutr. VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 281 EP - 288 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1079/PHN2002262 SN - 13689800 (ISSN) AU - Jackson, M. AU - Samms-Vaughan, M. AU - Ashley, D. AD - Department of Child Health, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica AD - Ministry of Health, 2-4 King Street, Jamaica, Jamaica AB - Objective: To determine the nutritional status of a cohort of 11-12 year olds and ascertain social and demographic factors associated with under- and overweight in early adolescence. Design: Cross-sectional. Subjects: Subgroup (n = 1698) of the birth cohort (September-October 1986) of the Jamaican Perinatal Survey enrolled in schools in the Kingston Metropolitan area. One thousand and sixty-three parents or caregivers provided social and demographic information. Results: Undernutrition and overnutrition are of public health significance among adolescent Jamaican children. Ten per cent of 11-12 year olds had body mass index (BMI) values below the 5th percentile (boys, 10.6%; girls, 7.1%) but this prevalence is relatively low compared with other developing countries. The prevalence of stunting was low (3%). The prevalence of overweight (BMI≥85th percentile) (19.3%) was approaching prevalence rates found in the USA. Similar social and demographic variables were associated with thinness and fatness in males. Birth weight predicted overweight in girls. Conclusions: Under- and overnutrition in early adolescence are important problems in Jamaica. There is a need to address both under- and overnutrition in adolescence in preventive and rehabilitative intervention programmes. © 2002 Cambridge University Press. KW - Adolescent nutrition KW - Body mass index KW - Height-for-age KW - Overweight KW - Stunting KW - adolescence KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - demography KW - developing country KW - female KW - growth retardation KW - human KW - Jamaica KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - malnutrition KW - nutritional status KW - obesity KW - overnutrition KW - prediction KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - social aspect KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child Nutrition Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Jamaica KW - Male KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Nutritional Status KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12020379 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jackson, M.; Department of Child Health, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica; email: majacksn@uwimona.edu.jm N1 - References: (1986) Young People's Health: A Challenge for Society, , Technical Report Series No. 731. Geneva: WHO; (1997) Demographic Year Book, 1995, 47th ed., , New York: United Nations; Blum, R.W., Global trends in adolescent health (1991) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 265 (20), pp. 2711-2719; Wang, Y., Popkin, B., Zhai, F., The nutritional status and dietary patterns of Chinese adolescents, 1991 and 1993 (1998) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 52, pp. 908-916; Kurz, K.M., Adolescent nutritional status in developing countries (1996) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 55, pp. 321-331; Walker, S.P., Grantham-McGregor, S.M., Himes, J.M., Williams, S., Anthropometry in adolescent girls in Kingston, Jamaica (1996) Ann. Hum. Biol., 23, pp. 23-29; Popkin, B.M., The nutrition transition in low-income countries: An emerging crisis (1994) Nutr. Rev., 52, pp. 285-298; Popkin, B.M., Udry, J.R., Adolescent obesity increases significantly in second and third generation US immigrants: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1998) J. Nutr., 128, pp. 701-706; Pena, M., Freire, W.B., (1996) Report of a Seminar-Workshop on Obesity and Poverty in Latin America, , Havana, Cuba, 15-19 May 1995. Pan American Health Organization Document, PAHO/HPP/HPN 96.02. Cuba: WHO Regional Office; Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Fellowes, H.M., A longitudinal study of growth in Newcastle upon Tyne adolescents (1983) Ann. Hum. Biol., 10, pp. 125-133; Goodman, E., The role of socioeconomic status gradients in explaining differences in US adolescents' health (1999) Am. J. Public Health, 89 (10), pp. 1522-1528; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Jones, Y.D., Nesheim, M.C., Habicht, J.P., Influences in child growth associated with poverty in the 1970's: An examination of HANES1 and NHANESII, cross-sectional US national surveys (1985) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 42, pp. 714-724; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 59, pp. 955-959; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescent: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N. Engl J. Med., 1327, pp. 1350-1355; Ashley, D., McCaw-Binns, A., Golding, J., Keeling, J., Escoffery, C., Coard, K., Foster-Williams, K., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: Aims and methodology (1994) Pediatr. Perinatal Epidemiol., 8, pp. 6-16; (1997) Population Census Reports [unpublished], , Statistical Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica; Lohman, T.G., Roche, A.F., Martorell, R., (1988) Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, , Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books; (2001) CDC Growth Charts United States [Online], , http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts; Samms-Vaughan, M., Jackson, M., Ashley, D., (1998) Cognition, Educational Attainment and Behaviour in a Cohort of Jamaican Children, , Report. Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies; Samms-Vaughan, M., Jackson, M., Ashley, D., (2000) The Relationship of Prenatal Factors to Later Childhood Development and Behaviour in a Cohort of 11-12 year old Jamaican Children, , Report. Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies; (1997) Statistical Package for Social Scientists, version 7.5.2, , Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Garn, S.M., Leonard, W.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Three limitations of the body mass index (1986) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 44, pp. 996-997; Himes, J.H., Dietz, W.H., Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee (1994) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 59, pp. 307-316. , The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services; Roche, A.F., Siervogel, F.M., Chumlea, W.C., Webb, P., Grading body fatness from limited anthropometric data (1981) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 34, pp. 2831-2838; Durenberg, P., Westrate, J.A., Seidell, J.C., Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: Age- and sex- specific prediction formulas (1991) Br. J. Nutr., 65, pp. 105-114; Marshall, J.D., Hazlett, C.B., Spady, D.W., Quinney, H.A., Comparison of convenient indicators of obesity (1990) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 51, pp. 22-28; Martorell, R., Habicht, J.P., Growth in early childhood in developing countries (1986) Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise. Vol. 3. Methodology: Ecological, Genetic and Nutritional Effects on Growth, 2nd ed., , Falkner F, Tanner JM, eds. New York/London: Plenum Press; Habicht, J.-P., Martorell, R., Yarbrough, C., Malina, R.M., Klein, R.E., Height and weight standards for preschool children. How relevant are ethnic differences in growth potential (1974) Lancet, 1, pp. 611-615; Pollitt, E., Poverty and child development: Relevance of research in developing countries to the United States (1994) Child Dev., 65, pp. 283-295; Agarwal, K.N., Agarwal, D.K., Upadhydal, S.K., Impact of chronic undernutrition on higher mental function in boys aged 1-12 years (1995) Acta Paediatr., 84, pp. 1357-1361; Grantham-McGregor, S., A review of the studies of the effects of severe malnutrition on mental development (1995) J. Nutr., 125, pp. 2233S-2238S; Troiana, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Kuczmarski, R.J., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents (1995) Arch. Ped. Adolesc. Med., 149, pp. 1085-1091; Garn, S.M., La Velle, M., Rosenberg, K.R., Hawthorn, V.M., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 43, pp. 879-883; Wilks, R., Bennett, F., Forrester, T., McFarlane-Anderson, N., Chronic diseases: The new epidemic (1998) West Ind. Med. J., 47, pp. 40-44; Whitaker, R.C., Dietz, W.H., Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity (1998) J. Pediatr., 132, pp. 768-776; Curhan, G.C., Chertow, G.M., Willett, W.C., Spiegleman, D., Colditz, G.A., Manson, J.E., Speizer, F.E., Stampfer, M.J., Birthweight and adult hypertension and obesity in women (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 1310-1315; Fall, C.H.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Hales, C.N., Stirling, Y., Meade, T.W., Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 428-432; Ravelli, A.C.J., Van der Meulen, J.H.P., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Bleker, O.P., Obesity at the age of 50 yr in men and women exposed to famine prenatally (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 70, pp. 811-816; Paz, I., Seidman, D.S., Danon, Y.L., Laor, A., Stevenson, D.K., Gale, R., Are children born small FDR gestational age at increased risk of short stature? (1993) Am. J. Dis. Child, 147, pp. 337-339; Martorell, R., Ramakrishnan, U., Schroeder, D.G., Melgar, P., Neufield, L., Intrauterine growth retardation, body size, body composition and physical performance in adolescence (1998) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 51, pp. S43-S53; Pena, M., Bacallao, J., (2000) Obesity and Poverty: A New Public Health Challenge, , PAHO Scientific Publication 576. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036207621&doi=10.1079%2fPHN2002262&partnerID=40&md5=90bc527bd5409308c4cf72e8d5e1b30b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal trends in overweight and obesity in Canada, 1981-1996 T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 538 EP - 543 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1038/sj/ijo/0801923 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Tremblay, M.S. AU - Katzmarzyk, P.T. AU - Willms, J.D. AD - College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada AD - School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 105 Gymnasium Place, North York, ON, Canada AD - Canadian Research Institute for Social Policy, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children and adults between 1981 and 1996 using recent recommendations for the classification of overweight and obesity. DESIGN: Epidemiological study comparing the prevalence of overweight and obesity from the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey (CFS) to the 1996 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) and the 1996 National Population Health Survey (NPHS). SUBJECTS: Adults 20-64y of age and children 7-13y of age from the CFS, NLSCY and NPHS. MEASUREMENTS: BMI was calculated from directly measured or self-reported body mass and height. For adults 20-64 y of age, overweight and obesity were defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively. Age- and sex-specific cut-off points for children that correspond to the adulthood categories were used to define overweight and obesity for children 7-13 y of age. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight increased from 48 to 57% among men and from 30 to 35% among women, while the prevalence of obesity increased from 9 to 14% in men and from 8 to 12% in women. The corresponding increases were from 11 to 33% in boys and from 13 to 27% in girls for overweight and from 2 to 10% in boys and from 2 to 9% in girls for obesity. CONCLUSION: The results indicate dramatic increases in the prevalence of both overweight and obesity in Canada over the last 15y, and the problem is particularly pronounced among children. KW - Children KW - Health KW - Inactivity KW - Prevalence KW - Secular trends KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - Canada KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - weight gain KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Canada KW - Child KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Obesity N1 - Cited By :320 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12075581 LA - English N1 - References: (1998) Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic, , Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, June 3-5 1997. World Health Organization: Geneva; Tremblay, M.S., Willms, J.D., Secular trends in the body mass index of Canadian children (2000) Can Med Assoc J, 163, pp. 1429-1433. , Erratum appears in Can Med Assoc J 2001; 164: 970; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and demographics (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. 497-505; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Kuczmarski, R.J., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents (1995) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 149, pp. 1085-1091; Millar, W.J., Stephens, T., Social status and health risks in Canadian adults: 1985 And 1991 (1993) Health Rep, 5, pp. 143-156; Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Kuczmarski, R.J., Johnson, C.L., Overweight and obesity in the United States: Prevalence and trends, 1960-1994 (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 39-47; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Overweight prevalence among youth in the United States: Why so many different numbers? (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. S22-S27; Himes, J.H., Dietz, W.H., Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 307-316; Must, A., Dallal, G.E., Dietz, W.H., Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53-54, pp. 839-846; Birmingham, C.L., Muller, J.L., Palepu, A., Spinelli, J.J., Anis, A.H., The cost of obesity in Canada (1999) Can Med Assoc J, 160, pp. 483-488; Wolf, A.M., Colditz, G.A., Current estimates of the economic cost of obesity in the United States (1998) Obes Res, 6, pp. 97-106; (1998) Clinical guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults, , National Institutes of Health: Bethesda, MD; Bellizzi, M.C., Dietz, W.H., Workshop on childhood obesity: Summary of the discussion (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 173S-175S; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) Br Med J, 320, pp. 1-6; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies of British children, 1974-1994 (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 24-26; Villeneuve, P.J., Morrison, H.I., Craig, C.L., Schaubel, D.E., Physical activity, physical fitness, and risk of dying (1998) Epidemiology, 9, pp. 626-631; (1983) Fitness and lifestyle in Canada, , Fitness and Amateur Sport Canada: Ottawa, ON; (1986) Canadian standardized test of fitness operations manual, 3rd edn., , Government of Canada, Fitness and Amateur Sport: Ottawa, ON; (1995) National Longitudinal Survey of Children: overview of survey instruments for 1994-1995, data collection 1, , Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 95-02. Minister of Industry: Ottawa, ON; (1997) 1996-97 NPHS public use microdata documentation and user guide, , Statistics Canada: Ottawa, ON; (1988) SAS/STATusers guide, , SAS Institute: Cary, NC; Malina, R.M., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Validity of the body mass index as an indicator of the risk and presence of overweight in adolescents (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 131S-136S; Strauss, R.S., Comparison of measured and self-reported weight and height in a cross-sectional sample of young adolescents (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 904-908; Paccaud, F., Wietlisbach, V., Rickenbach, M., Body mass index: Comparing mean values and prevalence rates from telephone and examination surveys (2001) Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 49, pp. 33-40; Mokdad, A.H., Serdula, M.K., Dietz, W.H., Bowman, B.A., Marks, J.S., Koplan, J.P., The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998 (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1519-1522; Macdonald, S.M., Reeder, B.A., Chen, Y., Després, J.-P., Obesity in Canada: A descriptive analysis (1997) Can Med Assoc J, 157, pp. S3-S9; Seidell, J.C., Time trends in obesity: An epidemiological perspective (1997) Horm Metab Res, 29, pp. 155-158; Flegal, K.M., The obesity epidemic in children and adults: Current evidence and research issues (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, pp. S509-S514; Moreno, L.A., Fleta, J., Sarria, A., Bueno, M., Prevalence and trends in childhood obesity in Zaragoza (Spain) (2001) Br Med J, , letter, 2 Feb; Dollman, J., Olds, T., Norton, K., Stuart, D., The evolution of fitness and fatness in 10-11-year-old Australian schoolchildren: Changes in distributional characteristics between 1985 and 1997 (1999) Pediatr Exerc Sci, 11, pp. 108-121; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) New Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036108916&doi=10.1038%2fsj%2fijo%2f0801923&partnerID=40&md5=865e16763c298a803f8efbd26556ac4b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child Well-Being in Single-Mother Families T2 - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry J2 - J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 82 PY - 2002 DO - 10.1097/00004583-200201000-00014 SN - 08908567 (ISSN) AU - Lipman, E.L. AU - Boyle, M.H. AU - Dooley, M.D. AU - Offord, D.R. AD - Can. Ctr. Studs. Children Risk, Dept. of Psychiat./Behav. Neurosci., McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada AD - Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada AD - Can. Ctr. Studs. Children Risk, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Patterson Bldg., P.O. Box 2000, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5, Canada AB - Objectives: Children from single-mother families are at increased risk of psychosocial morbidity. This article examines the strength of association between single-mother family status and child outcome, both alone and controlling for other sociodemographic and personal (maternal/family) variables. Method: Data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth Cycle 1 (1994-1995) were used. Children aged 6 to 11 years in single-mother and two-parent families were included (n = 9,398). Child functioning measures included social impairment, psychiatric problems, and math score. Results: Single-mother family status on its own is a significant predictor of all child difficulties, but the explained variance is limited and the effect size decreases when other variables known to influence child functioning are included. Household income, a sociodemographic variable, is inversely associated with social impairment and positively associated with math score. Hostile parenting and maternal depression are the personal variables most strongly associated with social impairment and psychiatric problems. Children in single-mother families where there is hostile parenting are at significantly increased risk of psychiatric problems. Conclusions: The results suggest that children from single-mother families develop difficulties for the same reasons as children from two-parent families. Specific interventions for single-mother families may be warranted in the areas of parenting and other areas of concentrated risk. KW - Child behavior KW - Epidemiology KW - Parenting KW - Risk factors KW - Single mother KW - article KW - Canada KW - child KW - child psychiatry KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - family KW - high risk population KW - hostile parenting KW - hostility KW - human KW - income KW - major clinical study KW - maternal depression KW - maternal disease KW - math score KW - mathematics KW - mental disease KW - mother child relation KW - priority journal KW - psychosocial disorder KW - scoring system KW - single parent KW - social disability KW - wellbeing KW - behavior disorder KW - child parent relation KW - educational status KW - female KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - mother KW - psychological aspect KW - social adaptation KW - socioeconomics KW - Canada KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child of Impaired Parents KW - Depressive Disorder KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Hostility KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mathematics KW - Mothers KW - Parenting KW - Single Parent KW - Social Adjustment KW - Socioeconomic Factors PB - Lippincott Williams and Wilkins N1 - Cited By :57 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JAAPE C2 - 11800212 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lipman, E.L.; Can. Ctr. Studs. Children Risk, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Patterson Bldg., P.O. Box 2000, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5, Canada N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C.S., Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged 4 through 16 (1981) Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 48, pp. 1-78; Acock, A.C., Demo, D.H., (1994) Family Diversity and Well-Being, 195, pp. 179-213. , Sage Library of Social Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Amato, P.R., Children's adjustment to divorce: Theories, hypotheses, and empirical support (1993) J Marriage Fam, 55, pp. 23-41; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis (1991) Psychol Bull, 110, pp. 26-46; (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition (DSM-III), , Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Boyce, W.T., Frank, E., Jensen, P.S., Kessler, R.C., Nelson, C.A., Steinberg, L., Social context in developmental psychopathology: Recommendations for future research from the MacArthur Network on Psychopathology and Development (1998) Dev Psyhopathol, 10, pp. 143-164; Boyle, M.H., Offord, D.R., Hofmann, H.G., Ontario Child Health Study. I: Methodology (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 826-831; Boyle, M.H., Offord, D.R., Racine, Y., Sanford, M., Szatmari, P., Fleming, J.E., Evaluation of the original Ontario Child Health Study scales (1993) Can J Psychiatry, 38, pp. 397-406; Boyle, M.H., Pickles, A., Maternal depressive symptoms and ratings of emotional disorder in children and adolescents (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 981-992; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G., Income effects across the life span: Integration and interpretation (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 596-610. , Duncan G, Brooks-Gunn J, eds. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Byles, J., Byrne, C., Boyle, M.H., Offord, D.R., Ontario Child Health Study: Reliability and validity of the General Functioning Subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (1988) Fam Process, 27, pp. 97-104; (2000) The Health of Canada's Children, 3rd Ed., , Ottawa: Canadian Institute of Child Health; Conger, R.D., Ge, X., Elder, G.H., Lorenz, F.O., Simons, R.L., Economic hardship, coercive family processes, and developmental problems of adolescents (1994) Child Dev, 65, pp. 541-561; Cutrona, C.E., Russell, D.W., The provision of social relationships and adaptation to stress (1987) Personal Relationships, 1, pp. 37-64; Dodge, K.A., Petit, G.S., Bates, J.E., Socialization mediators of the relation between socioeconomic status and child conduct problems (1994) Child Dev, 65, pp. 649-665; Downey, G., Coyne, J.C., Children of depressed parents: An integrative review (1990) Psychol Bull, 108, pp. 50-76; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P., Economic deprivation and early childhood development (1994) Child Dev, 62, pp. 296-318; Eisen, M., Donald, C.A., Wate Jr., J.E., Brook, R.H., (1980) Conceptualization and Measurement of Health for Children in the Health Insurance Study (R-2313-HEW), , Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation; Elder, G., Nguyen, T., Capsi, A., Linking family hardship to children's lives (1985) Child Dev, 56, pp. 361-375; Ferri, E., Socialization experiences of children in lone parent families: Evidence from the British National Child Development Study (1993) Single Parent Families: Perspectives on Research and Policy, pp. 281-289. , Hudson J, Galaway B, eds. Toronto: Thompson Education Publishing; Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Cherlin, A.J., (1991) Divided Families: What Happens to Children When Parents Part?, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Lempers, J.D., Clark-Lempers, D., Simons, R.L., Economic hardship, parenting, and distress in adolescence (1989) Child Dev, 60, pp. 25-39; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Disadvantaged children (1994) The Canadian Guide to Clinical Preventive Health Care: The Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination, , Ottawa: Canada Communication Group Publishing; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Psychosocial morbidity among poor children in Ontario (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 239-287. , Duncan G, Brooks-Gunn J, eds. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Relation between economic disadvantage and psychosocial morbidity in children (1994) CMAJ, 151, pp. 431-437; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Single mothers in Ontario: Sociodemographic, physical, and mental health characteristics (1997) CMAJ, 156, pp. 639-645; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Dooley, M.D., What do we know about children from single-mother families? Questions and answers from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (1996) Growing Up in Canada: National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, , Ottawa: Statistics Canada; McLanahan, S.S., Family structure and the reproduction of poverty (1985) Am J Sociol, 90, pp. 873-901; McLanahan, S.S., Family structure and dependency: Early transitions to female household leadership (1998) Demography, 25, pp. 1-15; McLanahan, S.S., Bumpass, L., Intergenetational consequences of family disruption (1988) Am J Sociol, 94, pp. 130-152; McLoyd, V.C., The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting and socioemotional development (1989) Child Dev, 61, pp. 311-346; Millet, I.W., Bishop, D.W., Epstein, N.B., Keitner, S.I., The McMastet Family Assessment Device: Reliability and validity (1985) J Ment Fam Ther, 11, pp. 345-356; Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Jones, B.R., Psychiatric disorder and poor school performance among welfate children in Ontario (1987) Can J Psychiatry, 32, pp. 518-525; Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Racine, Y.A., Outcome, prognosis, and risk in a longitudinal follow-up study (1992) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 31, pp. 916-923; Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Szatmari, P., Ontario Child Health Study. II: Six-month prevalence of disorder and rates of service utilization (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 832-836; Patterson, G., Performance models for antisocial boys (1986) Am Psychol, 41, pp. 432-444; Radloff, L.S., The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population (1977) Appl Psychol Meas, 1, pp. 385-401; Rae-Grant, N., Thomas, H., Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Risk, protective factors, and the prevalence of behavioural and emotional disorders in children and adolescents (1989) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 28, pp. 262-268; Rutter, M., Family and school influence on cognitive development (1985) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 26, pp. 683-704; Rutter, M., Family and school influence on behavioural development (1985) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 26, pp. 349-368; (1996) National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth: User's Handbook and Microdata Guide, , Ottawa: Statistics Canada and Human Resources Development Canada; (2000) Stata 7 for Windows, , College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; (1996) Census Families by Presence of Children, 1996 Census, , Ottawa: Statistics Canada; Strayhorn, J.M., Weidman, C.S., A parenting practices scale and its relation to parent and child mental health (1988) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 27, pp. 613-618 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036370241&doi=10.1097%2f00004583-200201000-00014&partnerID=40&md5=3a4fd7d559208eac00b7242d40bcec8c ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of youth unemployment on adult unemployment in the NCDS T2 - Economic Journal J2 - Econ. J. VL - 111 IS - 475 SP - F626 EP - F653 PY - 2001 SN - 00130133 (ISSN) AU - Gregg, P. AD - University of Bristol, United Kingdom AB - Using the National Child Development Survey, this paper looks at cumulated experience of unemployment, highlighting how unemployment experience is concentrated on a minority of the workforce over extended periods. Low educational attainment, ability not captured by education, financial deprivation and behavioural problems in childhood raise a person's susceptibility to unemployment, there is strong evidence of structural dependence induced by early unemployment experience for men but only minor persistence for women. Attacking low educational achievement, and preventing the build-up of substantial periods in unemployment as youths, may reduce the extent to which a minority of men spend a large part of their working lives unemployed. KW - educational attainment KW - labor market KW - unemployment KW - young population KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :111 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ECJOA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gregg, P.; University of BristolUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Anderton, R., Riley, R., Young, G., The new deal for young people: First year analysis of implications for the macro-economy (1999) National Institute of Economic and Social Research Report; Arulampalam, W., Booth, A., Taylor, M., Unemployment persistence (2000) Oxford Economic Papers, 52, pp. 24-50; Beaudry, P., Dinardo, J., The effect of implicit contracts on the movement of wages over the business cycle; evidence from micro data (1991) Journal of Political Economy, 99 (4), pp. 665-688; Burgess, S., Propper, C., Rees, H., Shearer, A., The class of '81: The effects of early career unemployment on subsequent unemployment experiences (1999) Discussion Paper, 99 (11). , Centre for Market and Public Organisation, University of Bristol; Dolton, P., Taylor, R., Retrospective data and recall bias: The case of work experience (1999) University of Newcastle Working Paper, 99 (3); Farber, H., The incidence and cost of job loss: 1982-91 (1993) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, pp. 73-132; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Survey, , London: National Children's Bureau; Flaig, G., Licht, G., Steiner, V., Testing for state dependence effects in a dynamic model of male unemployment behaviour (1993) Panel Data and Labour Market Dynamics, , (H. Bunzel, P. Jensen, and N. Westergard-Nielsen, eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; Green, A., Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J., Regional unemployment changes in Britain (1998) Unemployment and Social Exclusion, , P. Lawless, R. Martin and S. Hardy, eds London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; Gregg, P., Machin, S., Child development and success or failure in the youth labour market (2000) Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries, , (D. Blanchflowcr and R. Freeman, eds) NBER Comparative Labour Market Series, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Heckman, J., Borjas, G., Does unemployment cause future unemployment? definitions, questions and answers from a continuous time model of heterogeneity and state dependence (1980) Economica, 47, pp. 247-283; Heckman, J., Singer, B., Social science duration analysis (1985) Longitudinal Analysis of Labour Market Data, , (J. Heckman and B. Singer, eds). Econometric Society Monograph Series no. 10, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Hobcraft, J., (1998) Intergenerational and Life-course Transmission of Social Exclusion: Influences of Child Poverty, Family Disruption and Contact with the Police, , Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE, Paper 15 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035186086&partnerID=40&md5=111a0d7ec5be81e27cf4ac1ac89c44b8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparing the childrearing lifetimes of Britain's divorce-revolution men and women ST - Durée de vie consacrée à les enfants: comparaison entre les femmes et les hommes britannique soumis à la révolution du divorce T2 - European Journal of Population J2 - Eur. J. Popul. VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 365 EP - 388 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1023/A:1012555916990 SN - 01686577 (ISSN) AU - Rendall, M.S. AU - Joshi, H. AU - Oh, J. AU - Verropoulou, G. AD - Department of Sociology and Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 601 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802-6211, United States AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, United Kingdom AB - British men and women who became parents in the 1960s and 1970s were about to experience a new regime of marital instability. The effect of this on the balance between men's and women's contributions to childrearing is potentially very large. This study estimates the co-residential foundations of the new gender balance, focusing on the measurement of lifetime number of years of living with dependent-aged children. A variant of the family-status life table is used to combine two data sources: Census panel observations of family status across three points ten years apart, and survey data on the years between censuses. One-quarter of women who became parents in the 1960s, and one-third of women who became parents in the 1970s, have been or will be a lone mother at some point. Lone parenthood is the main way in which women's childrearing lifetimes differ from men's, with seven and eight years respectively of lone motherhood per ever-lone-mother of the 1960s and 1970s parenting cohorts. Men's lone-father years and greater numbers of years spent in second families together provide an average of two years offset against women's lone-mother years. KW - British family change KW - Childrearing KW - Divorce KW - Gender inequality KW - Life-course simulation KW - Lone motherhood KW - gender disparity KW - marriage KW - single parent KW - social change KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - French N1 - Correspondence Address: Rendall, M.S.; Center for Longitudal Studies, Institute of Education, Dept. Sociol./Population Res. Inst., Pennsylvania, United States; email: rendall@pop.psu.edu N1 - Funding text: Financial support from the Leverhulme Trust (Grant no. FG 353G), and from NICHD center grant P-30-HD-29263 and investigator grant R01-HD-34484, is gratefully acknowledged. The Office of National Statistics is thanked for permission to use Longitudinal Survey data, made available through the Centre for Longitudinal Studies at the Institute of Education. We are especially grateful to Judith Wright of the Longitudinal Study support Programme, for the construction of the family-status variable in the LS. The British Household Panel Survey data used in this article were made available through the Data Archive, and were originally collected by the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change at the University of Essex. Neither the original collectors of the data nor their disseminators bear any responsibility for the analyses or interpretations presented here. The authors are grateful for comments received in response to presentations of previous versions of this paper at Penn State University, the Royal Statistical Society, the Institute of Education at the University of London, and the Population Association of America. N1 - References: Berrington, A., Diamond, I., Marital dissolution among the 1958 British birth cohort: The role of cohabitation (1999) Population Studies, 53 (1), pp. 19-38; Burghes, L., Clarke, L., Cronin, N., (1997) Fathers and Fatherhood in Britain, , Family Policy Studies Centre, London; Bumpass, L., Raley, R.K., Redefining single-parent families: Cohabitation and changing family reality (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 97-109; Clarke, L., Children's family circumstances: Recent trends in Great Britain (1992) European Journal of Population, 18, pp. 309-340; Clarke, L., Cooksey, E., Verropoulou, G., Fathers and absent fathers: Sociodemographic similarities in Britain and the United States (1998) Demography, 35, pp. 217-228; Coleman, D., Chandola, T., Britain's place in Europe's population (1999) Changing Britain: Families and Households in the 1990s, pp. 37-67. , S. McRae (ed), Oxford University Press, Oxford; Davies, H., Joshi, H., Peronaci, R., Dual earner couples in Britain: Longitudinal evidence on polarisation and persistence (1998) Discussion Paper in Economics 8/98, , Birkbeck College, London; Ermisch, J., (1991) Lone Motherhood in the United Kingdom, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Ermisch, J., Premarital cohabitation, childbearing and the creation of one-parent families (1997) Economics of the Family and Family Policies, pp. 119-138. , I. Persson and C. Jonumg (eds), Routledge, London; Garfinkel, I., McLanahan, S.S., Myer, D., Selzer, J.R., (1998) Fathers Under Fire: The Revolution in Child Support Enforcement, , (eds), Russell Sage, New York; Graefe, D., Lichter, D., Life course transitions of American children: Parental cohabitation, marriage, and single motherhood (1999) Demography, 36 (2), pp. 205-217; Haskey, J., Trends in marriage and cohabitation: The decline in marriage and the changing pattern of living in partnerships (1995) Population Trends, 80, pp. 5-15; Haskey, J., The proportion of married couples who divorce: Past patterns and current prospects (1996) Population Trends, 83, pp. 25-36; Haskey, J., Population review: (6) Families and households in Britain (1996) Population Trends, 85, pp. 7-24; Hattersley, L., Creeser, R., (1995) Longitudinal Study 1971-1991. History, Organisation and Quality of the Data, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys LS No. 7. HMSO, London; Holden, K., Smock, P., The economic costs of marital dissolution: Why do women bear a disproportionate cost? (1991) Annual Review of Sociology, 17, pp. 51-78; Juby, H., LeBourdais, C., The changing context of fatherhood in Canada: A life course analysis (1998) Population Studies, 52, pp. 163-175; Kiernan, K.E., Partnership behaviour in Europe: Recent trends and issues (1996) Europe's Population in the 1990s, pp. 62-91. , D. Coleman (ed), Oxford University Press, Oxford; Little, R.J.A., Post-stratification: A modeler's perpective (1993) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 88, pp. 1001-1012; Moffitt, R.A., Rendall, M.S., Cohort trends in the lifetime distribution of female family headship in the U.S., 1968-85 (1995) Demography, 32 (3), pp. 407-424; Murphy, M., Household modelling and forecasting: Dynamic approaches with use of linked census data (1992) Environment and Planning A, 23, pp. 885-902; Murphy, M., The evolution of cohabitation in Britain, 1960-95 (2000) Population Studies, 54 (1), pp. 43-56; Murphy, M., Wang, D.L., Forecasting British families into the twenty-first century (1999) Changing Britain: Families and Households in the 1990s, pp. 100-137. , S. McRae (ed), Oxford University Press, Oxford; Ní Bhrolchaín, M., Changing partners: A longitudinal study of remarriage (1988) Population Trends, 34, pp. 3-10; Ní Bhrolchaín, M., Age difference asymmetry and a two-sex perspective (1992) European Journal of Population, 8, pp. 23-45; (1998) Population Trends, 94. , Office for National Statistic, HMSO, London; Orloff, A.S., Gender and social rights of citizenship (1993) American Sociological Review, 58 (3), pp. 303-328; Ravanera, Z.R., Rajulton, F., Burch, T.K., Tracing the life course of Canadians (1994) Canadian Studies of Population, 17, pp. 107-132; Rendall, M.S., Clarke, L., Peters, H.E., Ranjit, N., Verropoulou, G., Incomplete reporting of male fertility in the United States and Britain: A research note (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 135-144; Schoen, R., Weinick, R., The slowing metabolism of marriage: Figures from 1988 marital status lifetables (1993) Demography, 30 (4), pp. 737-746; Seltzer, J.A., Brandreth, Y., What fathers say about involvement with children after separation (1994) Journal of Family Issues, 15 (1), pp. 49-77; Taylor, M.F., Bryce, J., Buck, N., Prentice, E., (1995) British Household Panel Survey User Manual, , (ed), University of Essex, Colchester; Weitzman, L., (1985) The Divorce Revolution: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in America, , The Free Press, New York UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035194053&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1012555916990&partnerID=40&md5=18190e7797f27e5121e3aa19978db4f7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age-incidence relationships and time trends in cervical cancer in Sweden T2 - European Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Eur. J. Epidemiol. VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 323 EP - 328 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1023/A:1012761717028 SN - 03932990 (ISSN) AU - Hemminki, K. AU - Li, X. AU - Mutanen, P. AD - Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden AB - Age-incidence relationships are informative of carcinogenic mechanisms. These have been previously assessed for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but not for adenocarcinoma. The aim was to assess by means of age-, period- and cohort-specific analyses and Poisson regression modelling whether the two types of cervical cancer show an age-incidence maximum at a relatively young age, as shown in cross-sectional analyses. The Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to analyse age-incidence relationships in cervical SCC and adenocarcinoma diagnosed in years 1958-1996, including a total of 15,118 and 1866 cases, respectively. Area of residence and socio-economic status were included in analyses because they were risk factors of cervical cancer. The analysis of cervical SCC confirmed an incidence maximum at ages 35-39 years. The data for adenocarcinoma also suggested a similar early age maximum but the curves differed extensively by birth cohort. The incidence of adenocarcinoma increased substantially at young age groups towards the end of follow-up. Endometrial adenocarcinoma and vaginal and vulvar SCC, which share some risk factors with cervical cancer, did not show an early age incidence maximum. The results also showed that there was a decrease in the incidence of cervical SCC around year 1960, almost 10 years before the organized population screening, probably due to introduced opportunistic pap testing. The benefits of the organized screening were observed as a further decline in the incidence rates. The unique age-incidence relationships in cervical cancer call for biological explanations. KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Cervical cancer screening KW - Pap test KW - Squamous cell carcinoma KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer screening KW - female KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - Papanicolaou test KW - risk factor KW - Sweden KW - time KW - uterine cervix carcinoma KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Sweden KW - Time Factors KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJEPE C2 - 11767957 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hemminki, K.; Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institute, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden; email: kari.hemminki@cnt.ki.se N1 - Funding details: Cancerfonden N1 - Funding text: The study was supported by the Swedish Cancer Society. N1 - References: Pisani, P., Parkin, D., Munoz, N., Ferlay, J., Cancer and infection: Estimates of the attributable fraction in 1990 (1997) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 6, pp. 387-400; (1995) Human papillomaviruses, , Lyon: IARC; Vizcaino, A., Moreno, V., Bosch, F., International trends in incidence of cervical cancer: II. Squamous-cell carcinoma (2000) Int J Cancer, 86, pp. 429-435; Björge, T., Hakulinen, T., Egeland, A., A prospective, seroepidemiological study of the role of human papillomavirus in esophageal cancer in Norway (1997) Cancer Res, 57, pp. 3989-3992; Gillison, M., Koch, W., Capone, R., Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers (2000) J Natl Cancer Inst, 92, pp. 709-720; Hakama, M., Miller, A., Day, N., Screening for cancer of the uterine cervix (1986) IARC Sci Publ., , Lyon: IARC; (1990) Cancer: Causes, Occurrence and Control, , Lyon: IARC; Beral, V., Hermon, C., Munoz, N., Devesa, S., Cervical cancer (1994) Cancer Surv, 19-20, pp. 265-285; Anttila, A., Pukkala, E., Söderman, B., Kallio, M., Nieminen, P., Hakama, M., Effect of organized screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Finland, 1963-1995: Recent increase in cervical cancer incidence (1999) Int J Cancer, 83, pp. 59-65; Vizcaino, A., Moreno, V., Bosch, F., Munoz, N., Barros-Dios, X., Parkin, D., International trend in the incidence of cervical cancer: I Adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma (1998) Int J Cancer, 75, pp. 536-545; Armitage, P., Doll, R., The age distribution of cancer and a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis (1954) Br J Cancer, 8, pp. 1-12; Armitage, P., Doll, R., A two-stage theory of carcinogenesis in relation to the age distribution of human cancer (1957) Br J Cancer, 9, pp. 161-169; Moolgavkar, S., Knudson A., Jr., Mutation and cancer: A model for human carcinogenesis (1981) J Natl Cancer Inst, 66, pp. 1037-1052; Moolgavkar, S., Luebeck, E., Multistage carcinogenesis: Population-based model for colon cancer (1992) J Natl Cancer Inst, 84, pp. 610-618; Kinzler, K., Vogelstein, B., Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer (1996) Cell, 87, pp. 159-170; Herrero-Jimenez, P., Thilly, G., Southam, P., Mutation, cell kinetics, and subpopulations at risk for colon cancer in the United States (1998) Mut Res, 400, pp. 553-578; Herrero-Jimenez, P., Tomita-Mitchell, A., Furth, E., Morgenthaler, S., Thilly, W., Population risk and physiological rate paramenters for colon cancer. The union of an explicit model for carcinogenesis with the public health records of the United States (2000) Mut Res, 447, pp. 73-116; Cook, P., Doll, R., Fillingham, S., A mathematical model for the age distribution of cancer in man (1969) Int J Cancer, 4, pp. 93-112; Gustafsson, L., Ponten, J., Bergstrom, R., Adami, H.-O., International incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer before cytological screening (1997) Int J Cancer, 71, pp. 159-165; Rostgaard, K., Väth, M., Holst, H., Madsen, M., Lynge, E., Age-period-cohort modelling of breast cancer incidence in the Nordic countries (2001) Statist Med, 20, pp. 47-61; Pettersson, F., Bjorkholm, E., Naslund, I., Evaluation of screening for cervical cancer in Sweden: Trends in incidence and mortality 1958-1980 (1985) Int J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 521-527; Bergstrom, R., Sparen, P., Adami, H.-O., Trends in cancer of the cervix uteri in Sweden following cytological screening (1999) Br J Cancer, 81, pp. 159-166; Pollack, E., Cancer incidence trends in the United States: Some methodological problems (1982) Trends in Cancer Indicence, pp. 17-49. , Magnus K, (ed.), New York: Hemisphere; Jin, F., Devesa, S., Chow, W.-H., Cancer incidence trends in urban Shanghai, 1972-1994: An update (1999) Int J Cancer, 83, pp. 435-440; Hemminki, K., Dong, C., Vaittinen, P., Familial risks in cervix cancer: Is there a hereditary component? (1999) Int J Cancer, 82, pp. 775-781; Esteve, J., Benhamou, E., Raymond, L., (1994) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, , Lyon: IARC; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I: Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; Hemminki, K., Dong, C., Cancer in husbands of cervical cancer patients (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 347-349; Pukkala, E., Weiderpass, E., Time trends in socio-economic differences in incidence rates of cancers of the breast and female genital organs (Finland, 1971-1995) (1999) Int J Cancer, 81, pp. 56-61 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035183302&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1012761717028&partnerID=40&md5=f71e151882f0d896a366ee55bd70174e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fetal and early life growth and body mass index from birth to early adulthood in 1958 British cohort: Longitudinal study T2 - BMJ J2 - BMJ VL - 323 IS - 7325 SP - 1331 EP - 1335 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1136/bmj.323.7325.1331 SN - 09598138 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel AB - Objectives: To determine the influence of birth weight on body mass index at different stages of later life; whether this relation persists after accounting for potential confounding factors; and the role of indicators of fetal growth (birth weight relative to parental size) and childhood growth. Design: Longitudinal study of the 1958 British birth cohort. Setting: England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants: All singletons born 3–9 March 1958 (10 683 participants with data available at age 33). Main outcome measures: Body mass index at ages 7, 11, 16, 23, and 33 years. Results: The relation between birth weight and body mass index was positive and weak, becoming more J shaped with increasing age. When adjustments were made for maternal weight, there was no relation between birth weight and body mass index at age 33. Indicators of poor fetal growth based on the mother's body size were not predictive, but the risk of adult obesity was higher among participants who had grown to a greater proportion of their eventual adult height by age 7. In men only, the effect of childhood growth was strongest in those with lower birth weights and, to a lesser extent, those born to lighter mothers. Conclusions: Maternal weight (or body mass index) largely explains the association between birth weight and adult body mass index, and it may be a more important risk factor for obesity in the child than birth weight. Birth weight and maternal weight seem to modify the effect of childhood linear growth on adult obesity in men. Intergenerational associations between the mother's and her offspring's body mass index seem to underlie the well documented association between birth weight and body mass index. Other measures of fetal growth are needed for a fuller understanding of the role of the intrauterine environment in the development of obesity. Birth weight has been shown to be positively related to subsequent fatness Few studies have investigated whether this relation is confounded by other factors, such as parental size Birth weight may be an inadequate indicator of the intrauterine environment The relation between birth weight and adult body mass index was largely accounted for by mother's weight Fetal growth indexed by birth weight relative to parental body size was unrelated to adult obesity Rapid linear growth in childhood increased the risk of obesity in adulthood, especially in males with low birth weight Among boys who grew rapidly, the risk of obesity in adulthood was similar for both lower and higher birth weights. © 2001, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - child growth KW - fetus growth KW - human KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Obesity KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :324 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 11739217 LA - English N1 - References: Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 955-959; Parsons, T.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review (1999) Intl J Obesity, 23 (8), pp. S1-107; Whitaker, R.C., Dietz, W.H., Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 768-776; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Danon, Y.L., A longitudinal study of birth weight and being overweight in late adolescence (1991) Am J Dis Child, 145, pp. 782-785; Hulman, S., Kushner, H., Katz, S., Falkner, B., Can cardiovascular risk be predicted by newborn, childhood, and adolescent body size? An examination of longitudinal data in urban African Americans (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 90-97; Curhan, G.C., Chertow, G.M., Willett, W.C., Spiegelman, D., Colditz, G.A., Manson, J.E., Birth weight and adult hypertension and obesity in women (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 1310-1315; Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., Spiegelman, D., Ascherio, A.L., Stampfer, M.J., Birth weight and adult hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in US men (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 3246-3250; Fall, C.H., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Clark, P.M., Hales, C.N., Stirling, Y., Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 428-432; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Berglund, L., Mohsen, R., Vagero, D., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, C.G., van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: the Amsterdam growth and health study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Freeman, J.V., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Weight-for-height indices of adiposity: relationships with height in childhood and early adult life (1995) Intl J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 970-976; Beunen, G., Malina, R.M., Lefevre, J., Claessens, A.L., Renson, R., Simons, J., Size, fatness and relative fat distribution of males of contrasting maturity status during adolescence and as adults (1994) Intl J Obesity, 18, pp. 670-678; Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education (1994) National Child Development Study Composite File including selected Perinatal Data and sweeps one to five [computer file], 3148. , National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. Colchester: The Data Archive distributor; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal mortality, , Edinburgh Churchill Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the fifth follow-up of the national child development study, , London National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Intl J Obesity, 12, pp. 445-453; Lake, J.K., (1998) Body size in child and adulthood: implications for adult health [dissertation], , London University College London; Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary. Expert panel on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight in adults (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68, pp. 899-917; Great Britain General Registrar's Office (1956) Census 1951: classification of occupations, , London HMSO; Forsen, T., Eriksson, J.G., Tuomilehto, J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Growth in utero and during childhood among women who develop coronary heart disease: longitudinal study (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 1403-1407; Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hypertens, 18, pp. 815-831; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: longitudinal study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 427-431 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035830040&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.323.7325.1331&partnerID=40&md5=234990586e43f8d587e0ff8afb19055d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental disruption and the labour market performance of children when they reach adulthood T2 - Journal of Population Economics J2 - J. Popul. Econ. VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 137 EP - 172 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1007/s001480050163 SN - 09331433 (ISSN) AU - Fronstin, P. AU - Greenberg, D.H. AU - Robins, P.K. AD - Employee Benefit Research Institute, 2121 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20037, United States AD - Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Economics, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States AD - University of Miami, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 248126, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States AB - This paper uses data from the age 33 wave of the British National Child Development Survey (NCDS) to analyze the effects of a parental disruption (divorce or death of a father) on the labour market performance of children when they reach adulthood. The NCDS is a longitudinal study of all children born during the first week of March 1958 in England, Scotland, and Wales. Controlling for a rich set of pre-disruption characteristics, the results indicate that a parental disruption leads to moderately less employment among males and considerably lower wage rates among females at age 33. If pre-disruption characteristics are not controlled for, larger effects are estimated for both males and females. Parental disruption also seems to cause substantial reductions in educational attainment for both males and females. KW - Educational attainment KW - Labour supply KW - Marital disruptions KW - Wage rates N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Robins, P.K.; University of Miami, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 248126, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States; email: probins@miami.edu N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well-being: A meta-analysis (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 43-58; Becker, G.S., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass; Becker, G.S., Tomes, N., Human capital and the rise of families (1986) Journal of Labour Economics, 4, pp. S1-S39; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , Wiley, New York; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Reed, H., (1997) Higher Education, Employment, and Earnings in Britain, , The Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Boggess, S., Family structure, economic status, education attainment (1998) Journal of Population Economics, 11, pp. 205-222; Cherlin, A.J., Furstenberg F.F., Jr., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K.E., Robins, P.K., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389; Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., Lindsay, C.L.P., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32 (3), pp. 299-318; Couch, K.A., Lillard, D.R., Divorce, educational attainment and the earnings mobility of sons (1997) Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 18, pp. 231-245; Duncan, G.J., Hoffman, S.D., A reconsideration of the economic consequences of marital disruption (1985) Demography, 22, pp. 485-498; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau and City University, London; Francesconi, M., Ermisch, J.F., (1998) Family Structure and Children's Achievements, , unpublished manuscript; Garasky, S., The effects of family structure on educational attainment: Do the effects vary by the age of the child? (1995) American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 54, pp. 89-105; Greenberg, D., Wolf, D., The economic consequences of experiencing parental marital disruptions (1982) Children and Youth Services Review, 4, pp. 141-162; Greene, W.H., Limdep version 7.0: User's manual (1998) Econometric Software, , Plainview, NY; Gregg, P., Machin, S., (1998) Child Development and Success or Failure in the Youth Labour Market. Discussion Paper, 397. , London: Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics; Grogger, J., Ronan, N., (1995) The Intergenerational Effects of Fatherlessness on Educational Attainment and Entry-level Wages, , unpublished manuscript; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B.L., (1994) Succeeding Generations: On the Effects of Investments in Children, , Russell Sage, New York; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B.L., Spaulding, J., Childhood events and circumstances influencing high school completion (1991) Demography, 28, pp. 133-157; Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M., Cox, R., Effects of divorce on parents and children (1982) Nontraditional Families: Parenting and Child Development, pp. 223-288. , Lamb M (ed). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Kiernan, K.E., The British family: Contemporary trends and issues (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9, pp. 298-316; Kiernan, K., (1997) The Legacy of Parental Divorce: Social, Economic and Demographic Experiences in Adulthood, , CASE Paper, London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Krein, S.F., Growing up in a single-parent family: The effect on education and earnings of young men (1986) Family Relations, 35, pp. 161-168; Lee, L., Generalized econometric models with selectivity (1983) Econometrica, 51, pp. 507-512; Lillard, D.R., DeCicca, P., (1995) Marital Disruption and the Earnings Mobility of Sons, , unpublished manuscript; Michael, R.T., Becker, G.S., On the new theory of consumer behavior (1973) Swedish Journal of Economics, 75, pp. 378-395; Mueller, D.P., Cooper, P.W., Children of single parent families: How they fare as young adults (1986) Family Relations, 35, pp. 169-176; Peters, H.E., Patterns of intergenerational mobility in income and earnings (1992) The Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, pp. 456-466; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , Social Science Research Unit, City University, London; Shepherd, P.M., Appendix 1 : Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-188. , Ferri E (ed). National Children's Bureau and City University, London; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Maclean, M., Parents' divorce and children's life chances (1986) Children and Youth Services Review, 8, pp. 145-159; Wallerstein, J.S., Corbin, S.B., Father-child relationships after divorce: Child support and educational opportunities (1986) Family Law Quarterly, 20, pp. 109-128; Wojtkiewicz, R.A., Simplicity and complexity in the effects of parental structure on high school graduation (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 701-717; Wolfe, B., Haveman, R., Ginther, D., Chong, B.A., The 'window problem' in studies of children's attainments: A methodological exploration (1996) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91 (435), pp. 970-982 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035531548&doi=10.1007%2fs001480050163&partnerID=40&md5=e5c617c4b783b1307cb1da982ae5996c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Patterns of body mass and muscular components in children and adolescents of Caracas T2 - Acta Medica Auxologica J2 - Acta Med. Auxol. VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 139 EP - 144 PY - 2001 SN - 00016004 (ISSN) AU - Macías-Tomei, C. AU - López-Blanco, M. AU - Blanco-Cedres, L. AU - Vásquez-Ramírez, M. AD - Fundacredesa, 8va avenida, Qta. Calei. Altamira Zp1060-A, Spain AB - Mid-arm circumference (MAC) and arm muscle area (AMA) are considered adequate indicators of protein reserve, body mass index (BMI) of corpulence (total body mass - TBM). A longitudinal follow-up of BMI, MAC and AMA was performed of 187 boys and 145 girls of the Caracas Longitudinal Study, who started the follow-up in three cohorts (4,8,12 years) with four visits a year. Weight, height, MAC, triceps skinfold (TRSK) were measured following following international standard techniques; derived variables BMI and AMA using formulas (W/H2; [MAC-(π. TRSK)]2/4π). Longitudinal study of prevalences, serial correlations and multivariant data analysis: Longitudinal principal components and Multiple box techniques - was performed. In boys and girls at all ages, high "above the norm" (AN) prevalences and low "below the norm" (BN) prevalences in BMI, MAC and AMA were found. Sertal correlations were positive and significant (p < 0.05-05-0.01). High canalization of BMI, MAC and AMA was observed. The behavior of TRSK was analyzed to stop its influence on AMA, revealing a high association between MAC and AMA, independent of arm adiposity. High prevalences of overweight and muscularity and canalization of AMA, indicate a possible risk of non communicable chronic diseases. KW - Arm muscle area KW - Body mass index KW - Canalization KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Risk factors KW - adaptation KW - arm muscle KW - article KW - body composition KW - body mass KW - child KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - muscle development KW - risk factor KW - Venezuela N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AMAXB LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Macías-Tomei, C.; Fundacredesa, 8va avenida, Qta. Calei. Altamira Zp1060-A, Spain; email: bobtomei@telcel.net.ve N1 - References: Frisancho, A.R., Triceps skinfold and upper arm muscle size norms for assessment of nutritional status (1974) Am J Clin Nutr, 27, pp. 1052-1058; Frisancho, A.R., New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status (1981) Am J Clin Nutr, 34, pp. 2540-2545; Frisancho, A.R., (1990) Anthropometric standards for the assessment of growth and nutritional status, , Ann Arbor. The University of Michigan Press; Landaeta-Jimenez, M., López-Blanco, M., Méndez Castellano, H., Arm muscle and arm fat areas: Reference values for children and adolescents. Project Venezuela (1994) Human Biol Budapest, 25, pp. 555-562; Heymsfield, S., Mc Manus, C., Smith, J., Stevens, V., Nixon, D.W., Anthropometric measurement of muscle mass: Revised equations for calculating bonefree arm muscle area (1982) Am J Clin Nutr, 36, pp. 680-690; López Contreras-Blanco, M., Indicadores de músculo y grasa en varones de los estratos socioeconómicos altos de Caracas (1988) Arch Lat Nutr, 38, pp. 815-833; López-Blanco, M., Izagitirre-Espinoza, I., Macías-Tomei, C., (1995) Estudio Longitudinal del Area Metropolitana de Caracas. Informe Final, , CONICIT. Caracas, (Mimeo); López-Blanco, M., Landaeta-Jiménez, M., Izaguirre-Espinoza, I., Macías-Tomei, C., Crecimento fisico y maduración (1995) Estudio Nacional de Crecimiento y Desarrollo Humanos de la República de Venezuela: Proyecto Venezuela, 2, pp. 695-705. , Méndez Castellano H, ed. Caracas Escuela Técnica Popular "Don Bosco"; López-Blanco, M., Macías-Tomei, C., Landaeta-Jiménez, M., Izaguirre-Espinoza, I., Méndez Castellano, H., Patrones de crecimiento de los venezolanos: Dimorfismo sexual y ritmo de maduración (1995) Arch Ven Puer Ped, 58, pp. 163-170; Macías-Tomei, C., López-Blanco, M., Izaguirre-Espinoza, I., Pubertal development in Caracas upper-middle-class boys and girls in a longitudinal context (2000) Am J Hum Biol, 12, pp. 88-96; Izaguirre-Espinoza, I., Adelanto en la maduración física como factor de riesgo (1995) Arch Lat Nutr, 45, pp. 228-229; López-Blanco, M., Izaguirre-Espinoza, I., Macías-Tomei, C., Blanco-Cedres, L., Maduración temprana: Factor de riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad durante la pubertad? (1999) Arch Lat Nutr, 49, pp. 13-19; Méndez Castellano, H., Méndez, M.C., (1994) Sociedad y Estratificación. Método Graffar, , Méndez Castellano. Caracas: Ediciones Fundacredesa; Bolizan, A., Guimarey, L., Indicadorcs braquiales de grasa y músculo de escolares de una comunidad rural según el grupo social (General Lavalle, Buenos Aires, Argentina) (1995) Arch Lat Nutr, 45, pp. 281-285; Freedman, D., Dietz, W., Srinivasan, S., Berenson, G., The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: The Bogalusa heart study (1999) Pediatrics, 103 (6), pp. 1175-1182; López-Blanco, M., Landaeta-Jiménez, M., Sifontes, Y., Evans, R., Machin, T., Situación alimentaria y nutricional de Venezuela (1996) Nutrición, Base del Desarrollo, Fascículo N. 2. Ediciones, pp. 52-59. , Cavendes, Caracas; Guo, S., Cameron Chumlea, W., Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 145S-148S; Hernández-Valera, Y., Factores de riesgo durante el crecimiento y aparición de enfermedades crónicas (1991) La nutrition ante la salud y la vida, pp. 107-119. , Fundación Cavendes, ed. Editorial Sarbo, Caracas; Guo, S., Roche, A., Cameron Chumlea, W., Gardner, J., Siervogel, R., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Power, C., Lake, J., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Rolland Cachera, M.F., Bellisle, F., Deheeger, M., Pequignot, F., Sempé, M., Influence of body fat distribution during childhood on body fat distribution in adulthood: At a two decades follow-up study (1990) Int J Obesity, 14, pp. 473-481; Sifontes, M.Z., Bosch, V., López-Blanco, M., Canalización de las concentraciones del colesterol y los triglicéridos séricos en niñas del estudio longitudinal de Caracas (1997) Arch Ven Puer Ped, 60, pp. 74-76; Macias-Tomei, López-Blanco, M., Blanco-Cedres, L., Comportamiento longitudinal de la presión arterial y del indice de masa corporal durante el crecimiento (1998) Arch Ven Puer Ped, 61 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 17-18; Weiner, J.S., Lourie, J.A., (1969) Human Biology. A guide to field methods (IBP Handbook N. 9), pp. 439-441. , Academic Press. London; (1978) Manual de Procedimientos del Area Antropometría, , Caracas: Edit Alpha; Comas, J., (1957) Manual de antropología física, p. 698. , Ciudad de México, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica; (1997) Statistical Software System, SPSS 7.5, , SPSS Inc; Mardia, K.V., Kent, J.T., Bibby, J.M., (1979) Multivariate analysis, , Academic Press, Inc; Berkey, C., Laird, N., Valladian, I., Gardner, J., Modelling adolescent blood pressure patterns and their prediction of adult pressures (1991) Biometrics, 47, pp. 1005-1018; Hoaglin, D., Mosteller, F., Tukey, J., (1983) Understanding robust and exploratory data analysis, , New York, USA: Wiley and Sons; López-Bianco, M., Macías-Tomei, C., Izaguirre-Espinoza, I., Colmenares, R., Indice de masa corporal en niños del estudio longitudinal de Caracas (1991) An Ven Nutr, 4, pp. 37-44; López-Blanco, M., Macías-Tomei, C., Vázquez-Ramírez, M., Blanco-Cedres, L., Mendoza, J.M., Canalización del patrón de distribución de grasa en niños y adolescentes de Caracas (2000) Arch Ven Puer Ped, 63, pp. 82-94; Malina, R., Katzmarzyk, P., Validity of the body mass index as an indicator of the risk and presence of overweight in adolescents (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 131S-136S; Bini, V., Celi, F., Berioli, M.G., Body mass index in children and adolescents according to age and pubertal stage (2000) Europ J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. 214-218 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035715511&partnerID=40&md5=7ea2a166f42a330cb5a3d21cf1ccca7d ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Recovery' after age 7 from 'externalising' behaviour problems: The role of risk and protective clusters T2 - Children and Youth Services Review J2 - Child. Youth Serv. Rev. VL - 23 IS - 12 SP - 899 EP - 914 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1016/S0190-7409(01)00174-8 SN - 01907409 (ISSN) AU - Buchanan, A. AU - Flouri, E. AD - Reprint Requests Should Be Sent A., Dept. Social Plcy. Social Wk., U., Oxford, United Kingdom AB - This study uses data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) to track behaviourally disturbed children at 7 through to adolescence in order to assess the extent to which clusters of protective factors can offset the negative effects of clusters of risk factors. Behavioural measures at ages 7, 11 and 16 from NCDS were used to identify children with 'externalising' behaviour problems. Children whose scores fell into the top 20% of Rutter 'A' scores at 7 but not at age 11 and 16 were deemed to have 'recovered'. Controlling for gender, social class, family structure, parental mental health, domestic tension at age 7 and a cluster of protective factors in childhood (high reading skills at 11, father's interest in child's education at 16, good relations with parents at 16, good school attendance at 16), a cluster of risk factors present as the child grew up (clumsiness, social services involvement, family involvement with police/probation, family mobility at 7) was significantly associated with lack of recovery from behavioural problems. Although individual protective factors were significantly associated with recovery in the bivariate analysis, their power was not strong enough in the multivariate model to overcome the strength of the risk factors. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CYSRD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Buchanan, A.; Reprint Requests Should Be Sent A., Dept. Social Plcy. Social Wk., U., Oxford, United Kingdom N1 - References: Anderson, J.C., Williams, S., McGee, R., Silva, P.A., DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children: Prevalence in a large sample from the general population (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44 (1), pp. 69-76; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., Measuring outcomes for children: Early parenting experiences, conflict, maladjustment, and depression in adulthood (1998) Children and Youth Services Review, 20, pp. 251-278; Campbell, S.B., Behavior problems in preschool children: A review of recent research (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 115-149; Campbell, S.B., Ewing, L.J., Breaux, A.M., Szumowski, E.K., Parent-referred problem three-year-olds: Follow-up at school entry (1986) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, pp. 473-488; Campbell, S., Pierce, E.W., March, C.L., Ewing, L.J., Noncompliant behavior, over-activity, and family stress as predictors of negative maternal control with preschool children (1991) Development and Psychopathology, 3, pp. 175-190; Caprara, G.V., Rutter, M., Individual development and social change (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, , M. Rutter, Smith D.J. Chichester: Wiley; Caron, C., Rutter, M., Co-morbidity in child psychopathology: Concepts, issues and research strategies (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1063-1080; Champion, L.A., Goodall, G., Rutter, M., Behaviour problems in childhood and stressors in early adult life: I. a 20 year follow-up of London school children (1995) Psychological Medicine, 25, pp. 231-246; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Cohen, P., Brook, J.S., Cohen, J., Velez, C., Garcia, C., Common and uncommon pathways to adolescent (1991) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , L. Robins, Rutter M. New York: Cambridge University Press; Compas, B.E., Stress and life events during childhood and adolescence (1987) Clinical Psychological Review, 7, pp. 275-302; Debaryshe, B.D., Patterson, G.R., Capaldi, D.M., A performance model for academic achievement in early adolescent boys (1993) Developmental Psychology, 29, pp. 795-804; Eaves, L.J., Silberg, J.L., Maes, H.H., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Rutter, M., Neale, M.C., Hewitt, J.K., Genetics and developmental psychopathology: 2. The main effects of genes and environment on behavioral problems in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 965-980; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Emery, R.E., Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 92, pp. 310-330; Farrington, D., The development of offending and antisocial behaviour from childhood: Key findings from the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 929-964; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Early conduct problems and later life opportunities (1998) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1097-1108; Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M.T., Conduct problems in childhood and psychsocial outcomes in young adulthood: A prospective study (1998) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 6, pp. 2-18; Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M.T., Physical punishment/maltreatment during childhood and adjustment in young adulthood (1997) Child Abuse and Neglect, 21, pp. 617-630; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau, City University, Economic and Social Research Council; Fombonne, E., Depressive disorders: Time trends and possible explanatory mechanisms (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, , M. Rutter, Smith D. Chichester: Wiley; Goodman, R., A modified version of the Rutter parent questionnaire including extra items on children's strengths: A research note (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1483-1494; Goodman, R., Stevenson, J., A twin study of hyperactivity: I. An examination of hyperactivity scores and categories derived from Rutter teacher and parent questionnaires (1989) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, pp. 671-709; Harrington, R., Annotation: The natural history and treatment of child and adolescent affective disorders (1992) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, pp. 1287-1302; Harrington, R., Fudge, H., Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Hill, J., Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression (1990) Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, pp. 465-473; Hewitt, J.K., Silberg, J.L., Rutter, M., Simonoff, E., Meyer, J.M., Maes, H., Pickles, A., Eaves, L.J., Genetics and developmental psychopathology: 1. Phenotypic assessment in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 943-963; Loesel, F., Bliesener, T., Some high-risk adolescents do not develop conduct problems: A study of protective factors (1994) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 17, pp. 753-777; Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Hagell, A., Rutter, M., Yule, W., Reading problems and antisocial behaviour: Developmental trends in comorbity (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 405-418; McGee, R., Feehan, M., Williams, S., Anderson, J., DSM-III disorders from age 11 to age 15 years (1992) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, pp. 50-59; McGee, R., Feehan, M., Williams, S., Partridge, F., Silva, P.A., Kelly, J., DSM III disorders in a large sample of adolescents (1990) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, pp. 611-619; McGee, R., Partridge, F., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., A twelve-year follow-up of preschool hyperactive children (1991) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, pp. 224-232; McGee, R., Share, D.L., Attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity and academic failure: Which comes first and what should be treated? (1988) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, pp. 318-325; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Behavioral and developmental characteristics of aggressive, hyperactive and aggressive-hyperactive boys (1984) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23, pp. 270-279; Merikangas, K.R., Angst, J., Th challenge of depressive disorders in adolescence (1994) Psychosocial Disturbances in Young People: Challenges for Prevention, , Rutter M. New York: Cambridge University Press; Moffitt, T.E., Juvenile delinquency and attention-deficit disorder: Developmental trajectories from age three to fifteen (1990) Child Development, 61, pp. 893-910; Offord, D.R., Bennett, K.J., Conduct disorder: Long-term outcomes and intervention effectiveness (1994) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, pp. 1069-1078; Patterson, G.R., Debaryshe, B.D., Ramsey, E., A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior (1989) American Psychologist, 44, pp. 329-335; Patterson, G.R., Dishion, T.J., Chamberlain, P., Outcomes and methodological issues relating to treatment of antisocial children (1993) Handbook of Effective Psychotherapy, , Giles T.R. New York, NY: Plenum Press; Petersen, A.C., Compas, B., Brooks-Gunn, J., Stemmler, M., Ey, S., Grant, K., Depression in adolescence (1993) American Psychologist, 48, pp. 155-168; Resnick, M.D., Bearman, P.S., Blum, R.W., Bauman, K.E., Harris, K.M., Jones, J., Tabor, J., Udry, J.R., Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health (1997) Adolescent Behavior and Society: A Book of Readings, , R.E. Muuss, Porton H.D. New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill; Richman, N., Stevenson, J., Graham, P., (1982) Preschool to School: A Behavioural Study, , London: London Academic Press; Robins, L.N., Conduct disorder (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 193-212; Rutter, M., Connections between child and adult psychopathology (1996) European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 5, pp. 4-7; Rutter, M., Causal concepts and their testing (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, , M. Rutter, Smith D. Chichester: Wiley; Rutter, M., Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantages (1979) Primary Prevention of Psychopathology: III. Social Competence in Children, pp. 49-74. , M.W. Kent, Rolf J.E. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England; Rutter, M., Cox, A., Tupling, G., Berger, M., Yule, N., Attainment and adjustment in two geographical areas: I. Prevalence of psychiatric disorder (1975) British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, pp. 493-509; Rutter, M., Smith, D., (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, , Chichester: Wiley; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Schachar, R., Rutter, M., Smith, A., The characteristics of situationally and pervasively hyperactive children: Implications for syndrome definition (1981) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, pp. 375-392; Sheldrick, C., Practitioner review: The assessment and management of risk in adolescents (1999) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, pp. 507-518; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , Ferri E. London: National Children's Bureau, City University, Economic and Social Research Council; Silberg, J., Rutter, M., Meyer, J., Maes, H., Hewitt, J., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Eaves, L., Genetic and environmental influences on the covaration between hyperactivity and conduct disturbance in juvenile twins (1996) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 803-816; Smith, D.J., Youth crime and conduct disorders (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, , M. Rutter, Smith D. Chichester: Wiley; Stewart-Brown, S., Public health implications of childhood behaviour problems and parenting programmes (1998) Parenting, Schooling and Children's Behaviour, , A. Buchanan, Hudson B.L. Aldershot: Ashgate; Sweeting, H., West, P., Family life and health in adolescence: A role for culture in the health inequalities debate? (1995) Social Science and Medicine, 40, pp. 163-175; Webster-Stratton, C., Parent training with low-income families: Promoting parental engagement through a collaborative approach (1998) Handbook of Child Abuse Research and Treatment. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology, pp. 183-210. , Lutzker J.R. New York: Plenum Press; Webster-Stratton, C., Long term follow-up of families with young conduct-problem children: From preschool to grade school (1990) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, pp. 1344-1349; Webster-Stratton, C., Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of child deviance: Roles of parent and child behaviors and parent adjustment (1988) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, pp. 909-915; Werner, E.E., Vulnerable but invincible: High-risk children from birth to adulthood (1997) Acta Paediatrica, 186, pp. 103-105; Williams, S., Anderson, J., McGee, R., Silva, Risk Factors for behavioral and emotional disorder in preadolescent children (1990) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, pp. 413-419 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346609809&doi=10.1016%2fS0190-7409%2801%2900174-8&partnerID=40&md5=72dd41f0a9c9ddf35c18ce56d8a94f83 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using an interactive framework of society and lifecourse to explain self-rated health in early adulthood T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 53 IS - 12 SP - 1575 EP - 1585 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00437-8 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Hertzman, C. AU - Power, C. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Manor, O. AD - Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, University of London, United Kingdom AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel AB - This paper presents an integrated model of the determinants of adult health combining lifecourse factors and contemporary circumstances. Using the 1958 British Birth Cohort, it operationalises lifecourse influences in terms of factors from birth to age 33, which might act through latent, pathway, or cumulative effects. Contemporary circumstances are represented by variables at different levels of social aggregation: macro (socio-economic circumstances); meso (involvement in civil society functions); micro (personal social support); and intersecting (job insecurity and life control). Multiple regression models were fitted, using self-rated health at age 33 as the health outcome. To allow for temporal ordering of events, early life factors were entered first in the final model, followed by later childhood factors and, finally current factors. Self-rated health was predicted by variables representing both early and later stage of the lifecourse and also contemporary societal-level factors. The effects of childhood factors were not removed by including contemporary factors, and conversely, contemporary factors contributed to the prediction of self-rated health over and above lifecourse factors. The factors were not collinear; supporting the notion that each dimension was distinct from the others. Although the model accounted for only 9% of the variance in self-rated health, the general conclusion is that both lifecourse and contemporary circumstances should be considered together in explaining adult health. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Child development KW - Cumulative effects KW - Latent effects KW - Longitudinal KW - Pathway effects KW - Self-rated health KW - Socioeconomic status KW - adult KW - health status KW - self assessment KW - adult KW - article KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - health status KW - human KW - job satisfaction KW - life cycle KW - life event KW - life satisfaction KW - normal human KW - prediction KW - regression analysis KW - self concept KW - social class KW - social psychology KW - social status KW - social support KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Linear Models KW - Male KW - Self Assessment (Psychology) KW - Social Class KW - Time Factors KW - United States N1 - Cited By :138 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 11762884 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hertzman, C.; Department of Health Care, University of British Columbia, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; email: hertzman@unixg.ubc.ca N1 - References: Acheson, D., (1998) Independent inquiry into inequalities in health, , London: The Stationary Office; (1992) Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey, , London: Sports Council and Health Education Authority; Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and infant origins of adult disease, , London: British Medical Journal; Berkman, L.F., The role of social relations in health promotion (1995) Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, pp. 245-254; Case, R., Griffin, S., (1991) Rightstart: An early intervention program for insuring that children's first formal learning of arithmetic is grounded in their intuitive knowledge of numbers, , Report to the James S. McDonnell Foundation; Cox, B.D., Huppert, F.A., Whichelow, M.J., (1993) The health and lifestyle survey: Seven years on, , Aldershot: Darmouth Publishing; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 547-552; Drever, F., Whitehead, M., (1997) Health inequalities, (SUPPL. 15), pp. 2-6. , Office for National Statistics Decennial. London: The Stationary Office; Elander, J., Rutter, M., Use and development of the Rutter parents' and teachers scales (1995) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5 (151), pp. 1-16; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the national child development study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Ghodsian, M., Fogelman, K., Lambert, L., Tibbenham, A., Changes in behaviour ratings of a national sample of children (1980) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, pp. 247-256; Gliksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Colditz, G.A., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Speizer, F.E., Hennekens, C.H., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: A prospective study (1995) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; Grantham-McGregor, S.M., Powell, C.A., Walker, S.P., Himes, J.H., Nutritional supplementation, psychosocial stimulation, and mental development of stunted children: The Jamaica Study (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 1-5; Haan, M., Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Poverty and health: Prospective evidence from the Alameda Country study (1987) American Journal of Epidemiology, 125, pp. 989-997; Idler, E.L., Angel, R.L., Self rated health and mortality in the NHANES-1 epidemiologic follow up study (1990) American Journal of Public Health, 80 (4), pp. 446-452; Idler, E.L., Benyamini, Y., Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies (1997) Journal of health and Social Behaviour, 23, pp. 21-37; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) American Journal of Epidemiology, 117, pp. 292-304; Kaplan, G.A., Pamuk, E.R., Lynch, J.W., Cohen, R.D., Balfour, J.L., Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways (1996) British Medical Journal, 312, pp. 999-1003; Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P., Lochner, K., Prothrow-Stith, D., Social capital, income inequality, and mortality (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 1491-1498; Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.K., Muller, K.E., (1988) Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods, , California: Duxbury Press; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Tracing the origins of ill health from early to adult life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Shema, S.J., Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning (1997) New England Journal of Medicine, 337 (26), pp. 1889-1895; McDonough, P., Duncan, G.J., Williams, D., House, J., Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972-1989 (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 1476-1483; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Dichotomous or categorical response? Analysing self-rate health and lifetime social class (2000) International Journal of Epidemiology, 29, pp. 149-157; Mare, R.D., Socio-economic careers and differential mortality among older men in the United States (1990) Measurement and mortality: New approaches, pp. 362-387. , J. Vallin, S. de Souza, A. Polloni (Eds.). New York: Oxford University Press; Marmot, M., Wadsworth, M., Fetal and early childhood environment: Long term health implications (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, p. 1; Matthews, S., Hertzman, C., Ostry, A., Power, C., Gender, work roles and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46 (11), pp. 1417-1424; Matthews, S., Stansfeld, S., Power, C., Social support at age 33: The influence of gender, employment status and social class (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 133-142; Miller, R.G., (1986) Beyond ANOVA, Basics of applied statistics, , New York: Wiley; Palmer, F.H., Long-term gains from early intervention: Findings from longitudinal studies (1979) Project Head Start: A Legacy of the war on poverty, , E. Zigler & J. Valentine (Eds.). New York: The Free Press; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53 (1), pp. 210-221; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and class: The early years, , London: Chapman & Hall; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., Duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socio-economic environment on adult health (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 1059-1065; Pulkkinen, L., Tremblay, R.E., Patterns of boys' social adjustment in two cultures and at different ages: A longitudinal perspective (1992) International Journal of Behavioural Development, 15, pp. 527-553; Putnam, R.D., (1993) Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Rose, R., Russia as an hour-glass society: A constitution without citizens (1995) East European Constitutional Review, 4, pp. 34-42; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Schweinhart, L.J., Barnes, H.V., Weikart, D.P., Significant benefits: The high/scope perry preschool study through age 27 (1993) Monographs of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, 10, pp. XV-XX; Stott, D.H., (1969) The social adjustment of children, , London: University of London; Vagero, D., Leon, D., Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 1224-1225; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessed health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) International Journal of Epidemiology, 20, pp. 239-245; Wannamethee, G., Whincup, P., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of father's social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; Wilkinson, R.G., Health inequalities: Relative or absolute material standards? (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 591-595; (1993) World Development Report. Investing in health. World development indicators, , New York: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034748330&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2800%2900437-8&partnerID=40&md5=11e115e9e2dbc9b7cbdb71b8fc726776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obstetric complications and Apgar score in early-onset schizophrenic patients with prominent positive and prominent negative symptoms T2 - Journal of Psychiatric Research J2 - J. Psychiatr. Res. VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 249 EP - 257 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1016/S0022-3956(01)00022-X SN - 00223956 (ISSN) AU - Kotlicka-Antczak, M. AU - Gmitrowicz, A. AU - Sobów, T.M. AU - Rabe-Jabłońska, J. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland AB - The objective of the study was to find associations between obstetric complications (OCs) history and schizophrenia course and symptoms. We analysed the obstetric and psychiatric history of 50 DSM IV schizophrenic subjects who experienced their first schizophrenia episode in adolescence, and 30 healthy controls. Obstetrical data and Apgar scores were obtained from medical records and evaluated with the Lewis and Murray Scale. Based on patients' documentation [including longitudinal evaluation with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)] the symptom profile and the course of schizophrenia were determined. Results: we distinguished two major groups of patients: with prominent negative and prominent positive symptoms. Schizophrenics with prominent negative symptoms and a chronic schizophrenia course had significantly more definite OCs and lower Apgar scores than patients with prominent positive symptoms and controls. Subjects who had a positive OCs history were more than four times likely to develop schizophrenia in adolescence than those without such a history (OR=4.64; 95% CI=1.29-17.51) with the likelihood of developing schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms especially high (OR=7.31; 95% CI=1.80-29.65). An Apgar score of between 0 and 3 after birth was associated with an increased risk for developing schizophrenia (OR=2.25; 95% CI=0.56-9.12), especially with prominent negative symptoms (OR=3.71; 95% CI=0.84-16.32). The findings support the hypothesis of a role of OCs in developing early-onset schizophrenia and suggest the associations of the OCs history with a specific symptoms profile (prominent negative symptoms) and a chronic course of schizophrenia. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Apgar score KW - Negative symptoms KW - Obstetric complications KW - Positive symptoms KW - Schizophrenia KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - Apgar score KW - article KW - clinical article KW - comparative study KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - disease course KW - documentation KW - evaluation KW - female KW - human KW - information processing KW - male KW - onset age KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - symptomatology KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Apgar Score KW - Delusions KW - Depression KW - Female KW - Hallucinations KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Obstetric Labor Complications KW - Pregnancy KW - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Schizophrenic Psychology N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPYRA C2 - 11578643 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kotlicka-Antczak, M.; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; email: magant@kki.net.pl N1 - References: (1980) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed., , Washington: DC: APA; (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. (revised), , Washington: DC: APA; (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., , Washington: DC: APA; Apgar, V., A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant (1953) Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia, 6, pp. 260-269; Arndt, S., Andreasen, N.C., Flaum, M., Miller, D., Nopoulos, P., A longitudinal study of symptoms dimensions in schizophrenia (1995) Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, pp. 352-360; Byrne, M., Browne, R., Mulryan, N., Scully, A., Morris, M., Kinsella, A., Labour and delivery complications and schizophrenia. Case-control study using contemporaneus labour ward records (2000) British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, pp. 531-536; Cannon, T.D., Rosso, I.M., Bearden, C.E., Sanchez, L.E., Hadley, T., A prospective cohort study of neurodevelopmental processes in the genesis and epigenesis of schizophrenia (1999) Developmental Psychopathology, 11, pp. 467-485; Cantor-Graae, E., McNeil, T.F., Sjöström, K., Nordström, L.G., Rosenlund, T., Obstetric complications and their relationship to other etiological risk factors in schizophrenia. A case-control study (1994) The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, pp. 645-650; Dalman, C., Allebeck, P., Cullberg, J., Grunewald, C., Koster, M., Obstetric complications and the risk of schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of a national birth cohort (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 234-240; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey Sample (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Geddes, J.R., Verdoux, H., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Schizophrenia and complications of pregnancy and labour: An individual patient data meta-analysis (1999) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, pp. 413-423; Ichiki, M., Kunugi, H., Takei, N., Murray, R.M., Baba, H., Arai, H., Intra-uterine physical growth in schziophrenia: Evidence confirming excess of premature birth (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 597-604; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 north Finland general population birth cohort (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Kay, S.R., Fiszbein, A., Opler, L.A., The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia (1987) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, pp. 261-267; Kendell, R.E., McInneny, K., Juszczak, E., Bain, M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia. Two case-control studies based on structured obstetric records (2000) British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, pp. 516-522; Lewis, S.W., Owen, M.J., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: Methodology and mechanisms (1989) Schizophrenia: scientific progress, pp. 56-68. , Tamminga A, Schultz SC, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; McCreadie, R.G., Connolly, M.A., Williamson, D.J., Athawes, R.W.B., Tilak-Singh, D., The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XII: "Neurodevelopmental" schizophrenia: A search for clinical correlates and putative aetiological factors (1994) British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp. 340-346; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Sjöström, K., Obstetric complications as antecedents of schizophrenia: Empirical effects of using different obstetric complications scales (1994) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28, pp. 519-530; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Torrey, E.F., Sjöström, K., Bowler, A., Taylor, E., Obstetric complications in histories of monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia (1994) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, pp. 196-204; McNeil, T.F., Perinatal risk factors and schizophrenia; selective review and methodological concerns (1995) Epidemiology Review, 17, pp. 107-112; Murray, R.M., Neurodevelopmental schizophrenia: The rediscovery of dementia praecox (1994) British Journal of Psychiatry, 165 (SUPPL. 25), pp. 6-12; Preti, A., Cardascia, L., Zen, T., Marchetti, M., Favaretto, G., Miotto, P., Risk for obstetric complications and schizophrenia (2000) Psychiatry Research, 96, pp. 127-139; Rosso, I.M., Cannon, T.D., Huttunen, T., Huttunen, M.O., Lonnqvist, J., Gasperoni, T.L., Obstetric risk factors for early-onset schizophrenia in a Finnish birth cohort (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 801-807; Singh, M.M., Kay, S.R., Opler, L.A., Anticholinergic-neuroleptic antagonism in terms of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Implications for psychological subtyping (1987) Psychological Medicine, 17, pp. 39-48; Smith, G.N., Kopala, L.C., Lapointe, J.S., MacEwan, G.W., Altman, S., Flynn, S.W., Obstetric complications, treatment response and brain morphology in adult-onset and early onset males with schizophrenia (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 645-653; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: An international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data (1997) American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Zornberg, G.L., Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Hypoxic-ischemia-related fetal/neonatal complications and risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: A 19-year longitudinal study (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 196-202 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034805954&doi=10.1016%2fS0022-3956%2801%2900022-X&partnerID=40&md5=034c796f29f8f6211fb4755cf0f42d27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predictors of low back pain onset in a prospective British study T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - Am. J. Public Health VL - 91 IS - 10 SP - 1671 EP - 1678 PY - 2001 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Frank, J. AU - Hertzman, C. AU - Schierhout, G. AU - Li, L. AD - Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University College of London, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. This study examined predictors of low back pain onset in a British birth cohort. Methods. Univariate and multivariate analyses focused on individuals who experienced onset of low back pain at 32 to 33 years of age (n=571) and individuals who were pain free (n=5210). Participants were members of the 1958 British birth cohort. Results. Incident pain was elevated among those with psychological distress at 23 years of age (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.65, 3.86) and among persistent moderate or heavy smokers (adjusted OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.23, 2.17). Significant univariate associations involving other factors (e.g., social class, childhood emotional status, body mass index, job satisfaction) did not persist in multivariate analyses. Conclusions. This prospectively studied cohort provides evidence that psychological distress more than doubles later risk of low back pain, with smoking having a modest independent effect. Other prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings before implications for low back pain prevention can be assessed. KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - diagnostic value KW - female KW - human KW - job satisfaction KW - low back pain KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental stress KW - multivariate analysis KW - prediction KW - risk factor KW - smoking habit KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human Engineering KW - Humans KW - Low Back Pain KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :97 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 11574334 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University College of London, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Punnett, L., Fine, L.J., Keyserling, W.M., Herrin, G.D., Chaffin, D.B., Back disorders and nonneutral trunk postures of automobile assembly workers (1991) Scand J Work Environ Health, 17, pp. 337-346; Bigos, S.J., Battie, M.C., Spengler, D.M., A longitudinal, prospective study of industrial back injury reporting (1992) Clin Orthop, 279, pp. 21-34; Smedley, J., Egger, P., Cooper, C., Coggon, D., Prospective cohort study of predictors of incident low back pain in nurses (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 1225-1228; Frank, J.W., Brooker, A.S., DeMaio, S.E., Disability resulting from occupational low back pain. Part II: What do we know about secondary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention after disability begins (1996) Spine, 21, pp. 2918-2929; (1997) Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors: A Critical Review of Epidemiological Evidence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity, and Low Back, , Baltimore, Md: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Walsh, K., Varnes, N., Osmond, C., Styles, R., Coggon, D., Occupational causes of low-back pain (1989) Scand J Work Environ Health, 15, pp. 54-59; Norman, R., Wells, R., Neumann, P., Frank, J., Shannon, H., Kerr, M., A comparison of peak versus cumulative physical work exposure risk factors for the reporting of low back pain in the automotive industry (1998) Clin Biomechanics, 13, pp. 561-573; Bongers, P.M., De Winter, C.R., Kompier, M.A., Hildebrandt, V.H., Psychosocial factors at work and musculoskeletal disease (1993) Scand J Work Environ Health, 19, pp. 297-312; Houtman, I.L., Bongers, P.M., Smulders, P.G., Kompier, M.A., Psychosocial stressors at work and musculoskeletal problems (1994) Scand J Work Environ Health, 20, pp. 139-145; Magni, G., Marchetti, M., Moreschi, C., Merskey, H., Luchini, S.R., Chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in the National Health and Nutrition Examination, I: Epidemiologic follow-up study (1993) Pain, 53, pp. 163-168; Croft, P.R., Papageorgiou, A.C., Ferry, S., Thomas, E., Jayson, M.I.V., Silman, A.J., Psychologic distress and low back pain: Evidence from a prospective study in the general population (1996) Spine, 20, pp. 2731-2737; Deyo, R.A., Bass, J.E., Lifestyle and low back pain: The influence of smoking and obesity (1989) Spine, 14, pp. 501-506; Croft, P.R., Rigby, A.S., Socioeconomic influences on back problems in the community in Britain (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, pp. 166-170; Brage, S., Bjerkedal, T., Musculoskeletal pain and smoking in Norway (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 166-169; Kuh, D.J.L., Coggan, D., Mann, S., Cooper, C., Yusuf, E., Height, occupation and back pain in a national prospective study (1993) Br J Rheumatol, 32, pp. 1-6; Dempsey, P.G., Burdorf, A., Webster, B.S., The influence of personal variables on work-related low-back disorders and implications for future research (1997) J Occup Med, 39, pp. 748-759; Harreby, M., Kjer, J., Hesselsoe, G., Neergaard, K., Epidemiological aspects and risk factors for low back pain in 38-year-old men and women: A 25-year prospective cohort study of 640 school children (1996) Eur Spine J, 5, pp. 312-318; (1994) National Child Development Study Composite File [computer file], , Colchester, England: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education Data Archive. SN 3148; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London, England: National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London, England: Chapman & Hall; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, England: Longman; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; Walsh, K., Coggan, D., Reproducibility of histories of low-back pain obtained by self-administered questionnaire (1991) Spine, 16, pp. 1075-1077; Walsh, K., Cruddas, M., Coggan, D., Low back pain in eight areas of Britain (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 227-230; Liira, J.P., Shannon, H.S., Chambers, L.W., Haines, T.A., Long-term back problems and physical work exposures in the 1990 Ontario Health Survey (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 382-387; Karasek, R., Theorell, T., (1990) Healthy Work, , New York, NY: Basic Books; Finch, J., Kinship amd friendship (1989) British Social Attitudes: Special International Report, pp. 87-103. , Jowell R, Witherspoon S, Brook L. eds. Aldershot, England: Gower Publishing; Stott, D.H., (1963) The Social Adjustment of Children, , London, England: University of London Press; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Mason, V., (1994) The Prevalence of Back Pain in Great Britain, , London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Back pain and obesity in the 1958 British birth cohort: Cause or effect? (2000) J Clin Epidemiol, 53, pp. 245-250; Chaffin, D.B., Andersson, G.B., (1991) Occupational Biomechanics, , Toronto, Ontario, Canada: John Wiley & Sons Inc; Kerr, M.S., (1998) A Case-Control Study of Biomechanical and Psychosocial Risk Factors for Low-Back Pain Reported in an Occupational Setting, , Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto; Hope, S., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Does financial hardship account for elevated psychological distress in lone mothers? (1999) Soc Sci Med, 49, pp. 1637-1649; Theorell, T., Harms, R.K., Ahlberg, H.G., Westin, B., Psychosocial job factors and symptoms from the locomotor system - A multicausal analysis (1991) Scand J Rehabil Med, 23, pp. 165-173; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; Bigos, S.J., Battie, M.C., Spengler, D.M., A prospective study of work perceptions and psychosocial factors affecting the report of back injury (1991) Spine, 16, pp. 1-6. , published correction appears in Spine. 1991;16:688 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034807503&partnerID=40&md5=18151ee8bb6a44348e13f77bae60e772 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sources of bias in special needs provision in mainstream primary schools: Evidence from two British cohort studies T2 - European Journal of Special Needs Education J2 - Europ. J. Spec. Needs Educ. VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 259 EP - 276 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1080/08856250110074409 SN - 08856257 (ISSN) AU - Sacker, A. AU - Schoon, I. AU - Bartley, M. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Royal Free and Univ. Coll. London, Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom AB - This study examines inequality during late childhood in children's access to special needs help in mainstream primary schools using data from two British cohorts: the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). It explores the source of any biases in the provision of special help using measures of individual gender, attainment and psychosocial adjustment; family social class; school composition; and education regions. Pervasive gender bias was found both in the identification of children with special needs and in the provision of help to children with special needs. There were more children from manual homes receiving help in school than children from professional homes, but when reading, mathematics and psychosocial adjustment scores were taken into account, the gradient reversed, so that children from professional homes were more likely to be getting help. The influence of the school's composition showed the same reversal. Once test scores were considered, schools with a greater proportion of above average children were more likely to be able to provide help for those with special needs than schools with a greater proportion of children with problems. Regional variation suggests that areas in southeast England are better funded than average, while areas of deprivation are not provided with sufficient resources to meet their children's needs. KW - Bias KW - Britain KW - Cohort studies KW - Inequalities KW - Special needs KW - article KW - child care KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - family KW - financial management KW - gender KW - health care access KW - health care need KW - human KW - individuality KW - primary school KW - priority journal KW - psychosocial care KW - resource allocation KW - school child KW - school health service KW - social interaction KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJSEE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sacker, A.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Royal Free and Univ. Coll. London, Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: a.sacker@public-health.ucl.ac.uk N1 - Funding text: This work was funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council grant no. R00429334394. Data from the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British ChoSoutrwdtsy eu ed rbypethe pESRlDiCAa vert. Tahcohwsciehadoort ur ie the original collection and analysis of the data bear no responsibility for further aaynss lainindertp triWe oewtnstahi.toh aDr Jenny nCk o,froher rhbpfeeaudlteltvic and comments. N1 - References: Allan, J., Brown, S., Riddell, S., Permission to speak? Theorising special education inside the classroom (1998) Theorising Special Education, pp. 21-31. , In: Clark, C., Dyson, A. and Millward, A. (Eds); London: Routledge; Amira, S., Abramowitz, S.I., Gomes-Schwartz, B., Socially-charged pupil and psychologist effects on psychoeducational decisions (1977) Journal of Special Education, 11 (4), pp. 433-440; Anderson, K.G., Gender bias and special education referrals (1997) Annals of Dyslexia, 47, pp. 151-162; Barona, A., Faykus, S.P., Differential effects of sociocultural variables on special education eligibility categories (1992) Psychology in the Schools, 29 (4), pp. 313-320; Bernard, R., Clarizio, H., Socioeconomic bias in special education placement decisions (1981) Psychology in the Schools, 18 (2), pp. 178-183; Bradshaw, J., Child welfare in the United Kingdom: Rising poverty, falling priorities for children (1997) Child Poverty Deprivation in the Industrialized Countries, 1945-1995, pp. 210-232. , In: Cornia, G. A. and Danziger, S. (Eds); Oxford: Clarendon Press; Brimer, M.A., Dunn, L.M., (1962) Manual for the Picture Vocabulary Test, , Bristol: Education Evaluation Enterprises; Buck, D., The constructs used by statement panel decision-makers (1999) Educational Psychology in Practice, 15 (1), pp. 81-88; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Haslum, M.N., Stewart-Brown, S., Recent findings from the 1970 Child Health and Education Study (1982) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 75 (10), pp. 781-784; Cornia, G.A., Child poverty and deprivation in the industrialized countries: From the end of World War II to the end of the Cold War era (1997) Child Poverty and Deprivation in the Industrialized Countries, 1945-1995, pp. 25-63. , In: Cornia, G.A. and Danziger, S. (Eds); Oxford: Clarendon Press; Croll, P., Moses, D., (2000) Special Needs in the Primary School: One in Five?, , London: Cassell; Daniels, H., Hey, V., Leonard, D., Smith, M., Issues of equity in special needs education from a gender perspective (1999) British Journal of Special Education, 26 (1), pp. 189-195; Dyson, A., Social educational disadvantage: Reconnecting special needs education (1997) British Journal of Special Education, 24 (1), pp. 152-157; Emanuelsson, I., Persson, B., Who is considered to be in need of special education: Why, how and by whom? (1997) European Journal of Special Needs Education, 12 (1), pp. 127-136; Evans, J., The impact of the Special Educational Needs Tribunal on local education authorities' policy and planning for special educational needs (1999) Support for Learning, 14 (1), pp. 74-79; Gelb, S.A., Mizokawa, D.T., Special education and social structure: The commonality of "exceptionality" (1986) American Educational Research Journal, 23 (4), pp. 543-557; Gerber, M., Reforming special education: Beyond inclusion (1996) Disability and the Dilemmas of Education and Justice, , In: Christenson, C. and Rizvi, F. (Eds); Buckingham: Open University Press; Gipps, C., Gross, H., Goldstein, H., (1987) Warnock's Eighteen Per Cent. Children with Special Needs in Primary Schools, , London: Falmer Press; (1978) Edinburgh Reading Test, , Sevenoaks: Hodder and Stoughton; (1994) Code of Practice on the Identification and Assessment of Special Educational Needs, , London: HMSO; (1997) Excellence for All Children: Meeting Special Educational Needs, , London: HMSO; (1981) Education Act, , London: HMSO; (1988) Education Reform Act, , London: HMSO; (1993) Education Act, , London: HMSO; Green, L., 'Possible gender bias within teachers' perceptions of pupils with special needs (1993) Support for Learning, 8 (2), pp. 77-80; Hendren, T.E., Routh, D.K., 'Social class bias in psychologists' evaluation of children (1979) Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 4 (4), pp. 353-362; Huebner, E.S., 'Bias in teachers' special education decisions as a function of test score reporting format (1988) Journal of Educational Research, 81 (4), pp. 217-220; Johnstone, D., Warwick, C., Community solutions to inclusion: Some observations on practice in Europe and the United Kingdom (1999) Support for Learning, 14 (1), pp. 8-12; Keogh, B.K., Early ID: Selective perception or perceptive selection? (1977) Academic Therapy, 12 (3), pp. 267-274; Kratovil, J., Bailey, S.M., Sex equity and disabled students (1986) Theory Into Practice, 25 (4), pp. 250-256; Leete, R., Fox, J., 'Registrar-General's social classes: Origins and users (1977) Population Trends, 8, pp. 1-7; McGee, R., Silva, P.A., Williams, S., Parents' and teachers' perceptions of behaviour problems in seven year old children (1983) Exceptional Child, 30 (2), pp. 151-161; Manners, G., Decentralizing London, 1945-1975 (1986) London: Problems of Change, pp. 42-51. , In: Clout, H. and Wood, P. (Eds); London: Longman; Matuszek, P., Oakland, T., Factors influencing teachers' and psychologists' recommendations regarding special class placement (1979) Journal of School Psychology, 17 (2), pp. 116-125; Mittler, P., Equal opportunities - For whom? (1999) British Journal of Special Education, 26, pp. 3-7; Norwich, B., Ideological dilemmas in special needs education (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (4), pp. 527-546; Peagam, E., Special needs or educational apartheid? The emotional and behavioral difficulties of Afro-Caribbean children (1994) Support for Learning, 9 (1), pp. 33-38; Podell, D.M., Soodak, L.C., Teacher efficacy and bias in special education referrals (1993) Journal of Educational Research, 86 (4), pp. 247-253; Pringle, M.K., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., (1967) 11,000 Seven-Year-Olds: First Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , London: Longman; Roberts, S., Socio-economic status in relation to learning problems of students (1975) Education, 96 (1), pp. 81-84; Rubin, R.A., Krus, P., Balow, B., Factors in special class placement (1973) Exceptional Children, 39 (7), pp. 525-532; Rutter, M., 'A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8 (1), pp. 1-11; Rydin, Y., (1993) Urban and Environmental Planning in the UK, , Basingstoke: Macmillan; (1978) The Education of Pupils with Learning Difficulties in Primary and Secondary Schools in Scotland, , London: HMSO; Slee, R., The politics of theorising special education (1998) Theorising Special Education, pp. 126-136. , In: Clark, C., Dyson, A. and Millward, A. (Eds); London: Routledge; Southgate, V., (1962) Southgate Group Reading Tests: Manual of Instructions, , London: University of London Press; Stott, D.H., (1964) The Social Adjustment of Children, , London: University of London Press; Thomas, G., Davis, P., Special needs: Objective reality or personal construction? Judging reading difficulty after the Code of Practice (1997) Educational Research, 39 (3), pp. 263-270; Thomas, G., Loxley, A., (2001) Deconstructing Special Education and Constructing Inclusion, , Buckingham: Open University Press; Tudor Hart, J., The inverse care law (1971) Lancet, 1 (7696), pp. 405-412; Vardill, R., Imbalance in the numbers of boys and girls identified for referral to educational psychologists: Some issues (1996) British Journal of Special Education, 23 (1), pp. 123-129; Verhulst, F.C., Akkerhuis, G.W., 'Agreement between parents' and teachers' ratings of behavioral/emotional problems of children aged 4-12 (1989) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30 (1), pp. 123-136; Vislie, L., Langfeldt, G., Finance, policy making and the organisation of special education (1996) Cambridge Journal of Education, 26 (1), pp. 59-70; (1978) The Education of Handicapped Children and Young People, , London: HMSO; Wedell, K., Children with special educational needs: Past, present future (1990) Special Education: Past, Present and Future, pp. 17-33. , In: Evans, P. and Varma, V. (Eds); London: Falmer Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035497719&doi=10.1080%2f08856250110074409&partnerID=40&md5=3216cb02f8a68af45af655eabaeec8dd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlation between clinical diagnoses at the time of death and autopsy findings in critically sick neonates at a regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in India T2 - Journal of Tropical Pediatrics J2 - J. Trop. Pediatr. VL - 47 IS - 5 SP - 295 EP - 300 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1093/tropej/47.5.295 SN - 01426338 (ISSN) AU - Kabra, N.S. AU - Udani, R.H. AD - Department of Neonatology, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, University of Bombay, Bombay, India AB - This study was carried out to examine the correlation between clinical diagnoses at the time of death and autopsy findings in newborn babies who died in the regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of King Edward VII Memorial Hospital affiliated to Bombay University. A consecutive sample of 240 newborns that died during the study period constituted the study cohort. Of these 240 (172 born in the hospital and 68 born outside) newborns who died during the study period, 197 (82.1 per cent) has autopsies performed. The mean Rushton's score for all the autopsies was 307 ± 25.8 (range 300-400). There were 24 cases (12.2 per cent) where autopsy revealed a major finding (class I) that, if known prior to death, would have altered clinical management and could have resulted in cure or prolonged survival. In 53 patients (26.9 per cent) the autopsy revealed a major finding (class II) that, if known prior to death, would not have altered clinical management because specific therapy was unavailable or the patient had received appropriate therapy. It is concluded that a good quality autopsy continues to yield valuable and unsuspected information in a substantial number of newborn deaths. KW - article KW - autopsy KW - birth KW - classification KW - clinical examination KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - correlation function KW - critical illness KW - diagnosis KW - human KW - India KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - newborn death KW - newborn intensive care KW - scoring system KW - survival KW - therapy KW - time of death KW - university hospital KW - Autopsy KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Critical Illness KW - Female KW - Hospital Mortality KW - Humans KW - India KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal KW - Male KW - Prospective Studies N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 11695730 LA - English N1 - References: Maniscalco, W.M., Clarke, T.A., Factors influencing neonatal autopsy rate (1982) Am J Dis Child, 136, pp. 781-784; Stambouly, J.J., Kahn, E., Boxer, R.A., Correlation between clinical diagnosis and autopsy findings in critically ill children (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 248-251; D'Costa, G., Khot, S., Daga, S.R., The value of neonatal autopsies (1995) J Trop Pediatr, 41, pp. 311-313; Sutton, L., Bajuk, B., Postmortem examinations in a statewide audit of neonatal intensive care unit admissions in Australia in 1992 (1996) Acta Paediatr Scand, 85, pp. 865-869. , New South Wales Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Study Group; Barr, P., Hunt, R., An evaluation of the autopsy following death in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (1999) J Paediatr Child Hlth, 35, pp. 185-189; Craft, H., Brazy, J.E., Autopsy. High yield in neonatal population (1986) Am J Dis Child, 140, pp. 1260-1262; Khong, T.Y., A review of perinatal autopsy rates worldwide, 1960s to 1990s (1996) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 10, pp. 97-109; Dhar, V., Perlman, M., Vilela, M.I., Haque, K.N., Kriplani, H., Cutz, E., Autopsy in a neonatal intensive care unit: Utilisation patterns and association of clinicopathologic discordances (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 75-79; Cartlidge, P.H., Dawson, A.T., Stewart, J.H., Vujanic, G.M., Value and quality of perinatal and infant postmortem examinations: Cohort analysis of 400 consecutive deaths (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 155-158; Goldman, L., Sayson, R., Robbins, S., Cohn, L.H., Bettmann, M., Weisberg, M., The value of the autopsy in three medical eras (1983) N Engl J Med, 308, pp. 1000-1005; Fernandez-Segoviano, P., Lazaro, A., Esteban, A., Rubio, J.M., Iruretagoyena, J.R., Autopsy as quality assurance in the intensive care unit (1988) Crit Care Med, 16, pp. 683-685; Rushton, D.I., West Midlands perinatal mortality survey, 1987. An audit of 300 perinatal autopsies (1991) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 98, pp. 624-627; Report on Foetal and Perinatal Pathology (1988), Joint Working Party of Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Royal College of Pathologists. RCOG, London; Landefeld, C.S., Chren, M.M., Myers, A., Geller, R., Robbins, S., Goldman, L., Diagnostic yield of the autopsy in a university hospital and a community hospital (1988) N Engl J Med, 318, pp. 1249-1254; Butler, K.M., Baker, C.J., Candida: An increasingly important pathogen in the nursery (1988) Pediatr Clin North Am, 35, pp. 543-563; Phillips, G., Golledge, C., Fungal infection in neonates (1991) J Antimicrob Chemother, 28, pp. 159-161; Eisenfeld, L., Ermocilla, R., Wirtschafter, D., Cassady, G., Systemic bacterial infections in neonatal deaths (1983) Am J Dis Child, 137, pp. 645-649; Baley, J.E., Kliegman, R.M., Fanaroff, A.A., Disseminated fungal infections in very low birth weight infants: Clinical manifestations and epidemiology (1984) Pediatrics, 73, pp. 144-152; Berger, L.R., Requesting the autopsy: A pediatric perspective: Psychological and professional aspects of the autopsy in caring for the dying child and his family (1978) Clin Pediatr, 17, pp. 445-452; Dahms, B., The autopsy in pediatrics (1986) Am J Dis Child, 140, p. 335; Valdes-Dapena, M.A., Arey, J.B., The causes of neonatal mortality: An analysis of 501 autopsies in newborn infants (1970) J Pediatr, 77, pp. 366-375; Wheeler, M.S., One resident's view of the autopsy (1982) Arch Path Lab Med, 106, pp. 311-313 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034782647&doi=10.1093%2ftropej%2f47.5.295&partnerID=40&md5=7b44fbd0c722cf51a1bf5b8f0d59057d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 74 IS - 3 SP - 287 EP - 294 PY - 2001 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Laitinen, J. AU - Power, C. AU - Järvelin, M.-R. AD - Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Aapistie 1, 90220 Oulu, Finland AB - Background: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent nutritional disorder throughout the world and is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. The prevalence of obesity increases with age. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the associations between BMI at 31 y of age and family social class during early childhood, maternal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, BMI at birth and at 1 and 14 y of age, and age at menarche. Design: This was a longitudinal study of the northern Finland birth cohort for 1966. Subjects were measured at birth and at 1, 14, and 31 y of age. The analysis was restricted to individuals for whom BMI data were available for all measurement points (n = 2876 males and 3404 females). Results: The mean BMI at birth was highest in offspring from the highest social classes, but BMI was inversely related to social class at 1 y. BMI, the waist-to-hip ratio, and the proportion of obese subjects were inversely related to social class at 31 y. The heavier the mother, the heavier the offspring from birth to 31 y. The paired analyses between maternal BMI and daughter's BMI at 31 y showed no significant difference in BMI after adjustment for the age difference. BMI at 14 y was the most important predictor of BMI at 31 y. Early menarche in females was associated with a higher BMI at 14 and 31 y. Conclusions: Differences in BMI by social class are formed at least partly during early childhood. Low social class of the child's family, a high maternal BMI before pregnancy, a high BMI during adolescence, and early menarche are predictors of obesity in adulthood. KW - Adolescence KW - Adulthood KW - Age at menarche KW - BMI KW - Body mass index KW - Childhood KW - Cohort study KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Obesity KW - Social class KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body build KW - body mass KW - child KW - child development KW - disease association KW - family life KW - female KW - Finland KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal nutrition KW - menarche KW - newborn KW - obesity KW - physical development KW - prediction KW - prevalence KW - risk factor KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Menarche KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Probability KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :278 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 11522550 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Laitinen, J.; Oulu Regional Inst. of Occup. Health, Aapistie 1, 90220 Oulu, Finland; email: jaana.laitinen@occuphealth.fi N1 - References: (1998) Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic, , Geneva: World Health Organization; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Braddon, F.E., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E., Davies, J.M., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 293, pp. 299-303; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Garrow, J., Importance of obesity (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 704-706; Rissanen, A., Heliovaara, M., Knekt, P., Reunanen, A., Aromaa, A., Maatela, J., Risk of disability and mortality due to overweight in a Finnish population (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 835-837; Colditz, G.A., Economic costs of obesity (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 55 (SUPPL.), pp. 503S-507S; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Sobal, J., Stunkard, A.J., Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature (1989) Psychol Bull, 105, pp. 260-275; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 12, pp. 445-453; Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M., Kuh, D., The influence of childhood weight and socioeconomic status on change in adult body mass index in a British national birth cohort (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24, pp. 725-734; Stunkard, A.J., Foch, T.T., Hrubec, Z., A twin study of human obesity (1986) JAMA, 256, pp. 51-54; Stunkard, A.J., Sorensen, T.I., Hanis, C., An adoption study of human obesity (1986) N Engl J Med, 314, pp. 193-198; Stunkard, A.J., Harris, J.R., Pedersen, N.L., McClearn, G.E., The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 1483-1487; Garn, S.M., Clark, D.C., Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity (1976) Pediatrics, 57, pp. 443-456; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Rantakallio, P., Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality (1969) Acta Paediatr Scand, 193 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-71; Rantakallio, P., The longitudinal study of the northern Finland birth cohort of 1966 (1988) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 2, pp. 59-88; (1954) Helsingin Kaupungin Tilastokeskus Sosiaaliryhmitys, , (Social classification.) Helsinki: Statistics Center of City of Helsinki, (in Finnish); Rantakallio, P., Social background of mothers who smoke during pregnancy and influence of these factors on the offspring (1979) Soc Sci Med, 13 A, pp. 423-429; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Laara, E., Rantakallio, P., Body size and mortality in women: A 29 year follow up of 12,000 pregnant women in northern Finland (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 408-414; Rahkonen, O., Lundberg, O., Lahelma, E., Huuhka, M., Body mass and social class: A comparison of Finland and Sweden in the 1990s (1998) J Public Health Policy, 19, pp. 88-105; Pietinen, P., Vartiainen, E., Mannisto, S., Trends in body mass index and obesity among adults in Finland from 1972 to 1992 (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, pp. 114-120; Lahti-Koski, M., Jousilahti, P., Pietinen, P., Secular trends in body mass index by birth cohorts in Eastern Finland from 1972 to 1997 (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, pp. 724-734; Pietinen, P., Vartiainen, E., Seppanen, R., Aro, A., Puska, P., Changes in diet in Finland from 1972 to 1992: Impact on coronary heart disease risk (1996) Prev Med, 25, pp. 243-250; Roos, E., Lahelma, E., Virtanen, M., Prattala, R., Pietinen, P., Gender, socioeconomic status and family status as determinants of food behaviour (1998) Soc Sci Med, 46, pp. 1519-1529; Neumark-Sztainer, D., Sherwood, N.E., French, S.A., Jeffery, R.W., Weight control behaviors among adult men and women: Cause for concern? (1999) Obes Res, 7, pp. 179-188; Peckham, C.S., Stark, O., Simonite, V., Wolff, O.H., Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1983) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 286, pp. 1237-1242; Goldblatt, P., Moore, M.E., Stunkard, A.J., Social factors in obesity (1965) JAMA, 192, pp. 1039-1044; Braddon, F.E., Wadsworth, M.E., Davies, J.M., Cripps, H.A., Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort (1988) J Epidemiol Community Health, 42, pp. 341-349; Van de Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Looman, C.W., Mackenbach, J.P., Does childhood socioeconomic status influence adult health through behavioural factors? (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 431-437; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Rantakallio, P., The assessment of small-for-dates infants and associated sociobiological factors (1973) Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn Suppl, 184, pp. 3-47; Teasdale, T.W., Sorensen, T.I., Stunkard, A.J., Genetic and early environmental components in sociodemographic influences on adult body fatness (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 1615-1618; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Cooper, C., Kuh, D., Egger, P., Wadsworth, M., Barker, D., Childhood growth and age at menarche (1996) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 103, pp. 814-817; Vihko, R.K., Apter, D.L., The epidemiology and endocrinology of the menarche in relation to breast cancer (1986) Cancer Surv, 5, pp. 561-571; Post, G.B., Kemper, H.C., Nutrient intake and biological maturation during adolescence. The Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study (1993) Eur J Clin Nutr, 47, pp. 400-408; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., The prediction in boys and girls of the weight/height index and various skinfold measurements in adults: A two-decade follow-up study (1989) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 13, pp. 305-311; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Charney, E., Goodman, H.C., McBride, M., Lyon, B., Pratt, R., Childhood antecedents of adult obesity. Do chubby infants become obese adults? (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 6-9 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034876785&partnerID=40&md5=56e06e786a47fc616883fb7d48cb084a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Learning and earning: Do multiple training events pay? A decade of evidence from a cohort of young British men T2 - Economica J2 - Economica VL - 68 IS - 271 SP - 379 EP - 400 PY - 2001 SN - 00130427 (ISSN) AU - Arulampalam, W. AU - Booth, A.L. AD - University of Warwick, United Kingdom AD - University of Essex, United Kingdom AB - This paper estimates the impact of work-related training on wage growth over the period 1981-91, using longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study, a cohort of young men aged 23 in 1981. A hurdle Negbin model is used to control for training endogeneity. We find that training incidence has a significant positive effect on wage growth. We also find that young men with a higher level of education are not only more likely to be trained, but are also more likely to experience substantially higher wage growth as a result. KW - educational attainment KW - training KW - wage determination KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Arulampalam, W.; University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom N1 - References: Altonji, J.G., Spletzer, J.R., Worker characteristics, job characteristics, and receipt of on-the-job training (1991) Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45, pp. 58-79; Arulampalam, W., Booth, A.L., Who gets over the training hurdle? A study of the training experiences of young men and women in Britain (1997) Journal of Population Economics, 10, pp. 197-217; Training and labour market flexibility: Is there a trade-off? (1998) British Journal of Industrial Relations, 36, pp. 521-536; Elias, P., Work-related training and earnings growth for young men in Britain (1997) Research in Labor Economics, 16, pp. 119-147. , Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press; Ashenfelter, O.C., Lalonde, R.J., (1996) The Economics of Training, , Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; Barron, J.M., Black, D.A., Loewenstein, M.A., Job matching and on-the-job training (1989) Journal of Labor Economics, 7, pp. 1-19; Becker, G.S., Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis (1962) Journal of Political Economy, 70 (SUPPL.), pp. 9-49; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Meghir, C., (1996) The Determinants and Effects of Work-related Training in Britain, , London: Institute for Fiscal Studies; Booth, A.L., Job-related formal training: Who receives it and what is it worth? (1991) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 53, pp. 281-294; Private sector training and graduate earnings (1993) Review of Economics and Statistics, 76, pp. 164-170; Frank, J., Seniority, earnings and unions (1996) Economica, 63, pp. 673-686; Bradburn, N.M., Huttenlocher, J., Hedges, L., Telescoping and temporal memory (1994) Autobiographical Memory and the Validity of Retrospective Reports, , N. Schwarz and S. Sudman (eds.), New York: Springer-Verlag; Brown, C., Empirical evidence on private training (1990) Research in Labor Economics, 11, pp. 97-113. , Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034850451&partnerID=40&md5=929a6e976d94cbe0b9aaa0441df6264a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa heart study T2 - Pediatrics J2 - Pediatrics VL - 108 IS - 3 SP - 712 EP - 718 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1542/peds.108.3.712 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Freedman, D.S. AU - Khan, L.K. AU - Dietz, W.H. AU - Srinivasan, S.R. AU - Berenson, G.S. AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States AD - Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States AD - CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States AB - Background. Childhood obesity is related to adult levels of lipids, lipoproteins, blood pressure, and insulin and to morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the importance of the age at which obesity develops in these associations remains uncertain. Objective and Design. We assessed the longitudinal relationship of childhood body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) to adult levels of lipids, insulin, and blood pressure among 2617 participants. All participants were initially examined at ages 2 to 17 years and were reexamined at ages 18 to 37 years; the mean follow-up was 17 years. Results. Of the overweight children (BMI ≥95th percentile), 77% remained obese (≥30 kg/m2) as adults. Childhood overweight was related to adverse risk factor levels among adults, but associations were weak (r ∼ 0.1-0.3) and were attributable to the strong persistence of weight status between childhood and adulthood. Although obese adults had adverse levels of lipids, insulin, and blood pressure, levels of these risk factors did not vary with childhood weight status or with the age (≤8 years, 12-17 years, or ≥18 years) of obesity onset. Conclusions. Additional data are needed to assess the independent relationship of childhood weight status to CHD morbidity. Because normal-weight children who become obese adults have adverse risk factor levels and probably will be at increased risk for adult morbidity, our results emphasize the need for both primary and secondary prevention. KW - Blood pressure KW - BMI KW - Childhood KW - Insulin KW - Lipids KW - Longitudinal KW - Obesity KW - high density lipoprotein KW - lipoprotein KW - adolescent KW - age KW - article KW - blood pressure KW - body mass KW - child KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - disease severity KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - ischemic heart disease KW - lipid blood level KW - lipoprotein blood level KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - morbidity KW - mortality KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Age of Onset KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cholesterol, HDL KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comorbidity KW - Coronary Disease KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Diabetes Mellitus KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Insulysin KW - Lipids KW - Louisiana KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Distribution N1 - Cited By :802 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 11533341 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Freedman, D.S.; CDC Mailstop K-26, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States; email: dfreedman@cdc.gov N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Cholesterol, HDL; Insulysin, EC 3.4.24.56; Lipids N1 - References: Berenson, G.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Wattigney, W.A., Harsha, D.W., Obesity and cardiovascular risk in children (1993) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 699, pp. 93-103; Must, A., Strauss, R.S., Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S2-S11; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (SUPPL.), pp. 145S-148S; Lauer, R.M., Lee, J., Clarke, W.R., Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels: The Muscatine Study (1988) Pediatrics, 82, pp. 309-318; Lauer, R.M., Clarke, W.R., Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: The Muscatine Study (1989) Pediatrics, 84, pp. 633-641; Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Adolescent overweight is associated with adult overweight and related multiple cardiovascular risk factors: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1996) Metabolism, 45, pp. 235-240; Abraham, S., Collins, G., Nordsieck, M., Relationship of childhood weight status to morbidity in adults (1971) HSMHA Health Reports, 86, pp. 273-284; Hoffmans, M.D., Kromhout, D., Coulander, C.D., Body mass index at the age of 18 and its effects on 32-year mortality from coronary heart disease and cancer. A nested case-control study among the entire 1932 Dutch male birth cohort (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 513-520; Nieto, F.J., Szklo, M., Comstock, G.W., Childhood weight and growth rate as predictors of adult mortality (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 201-213; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S.J., Nanchahal, K., Peters, T.J., Davey Smith, G., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 1111-1118; Eriksson, J.G., Forsen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: Longitudinal study (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 427-431; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 507-526; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 955-959; Whitaker, R.C., Dietz, W.H., The role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 768-776; Rolland-Cachera, M.-F., Dheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 219-229; Berenson, G.S., (1980) Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R.A., Williamson, D.F., Berenson, G.S., Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 420-425; Webber, L.S., Cresanta, J.L., Croft, J.B., Transitions of cardiovascular risk from adolescence to young adulthood - The Bogalusa Heart Study: II. Alterations in anthropometric, blood pressure and serum lipoprotein variables (1986) J Chronic Dis, 39, pp. 91-103; Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Gummer-Strawn, L.M., (2000) CDC growth charts: United States, , http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad314.pdf, Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (Advance data from Vital Health Stat 314); Cole, T.J., The LMS method for constructing normalized growth standards (1990) Eur J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 45-60; Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Criteria for definition of overweight in transition: Background and recommendations for the United States (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp. 1074-1081; Srinivasan, S.R., Frerichs, R.R., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Serum lipoprotein profile in children from a biracial community. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1976) Circulation, 54, pp. 309-318; Cleveland, W.S., (1985) The Elements of Graphing Data, pp. 170-178. , Monterey, CA: Wadsworth Advanced Books and Software; Valdez, R., Greenlund, K.J., Wattigney, W.A., Bao, W., Berenson, G.S., Use of weight-for-height indices in children to predict adult overweight: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1996) Int J Obes, 20, pp. 715-721; Dietz, W.H., Childhood weight affects adult morbidity and mortality (1998) J Nutr, 128 (SUPPL.), pp. 411S-414S; Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1960 to 1991 (1994) JAMA, 272, pp. 205-211; Berenson, G.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Newman III, W.P., Tracy, R.E., Wattigney, W.A., Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study (1998) N Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1650-1656; Mahoney, L.T., Burns, T.L., Stanford, W., Coronary risk factors measured in childhood and young adult life are associated with coronary artery calcification in young adults: The Muscatine Study (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol, 27, pp. 277-284; Albrink, M.J., Meigs, J.W., Interrelationships between skinfold thickness, serum lipids and blood sugar in normal men (1964) Am J Clin Nutr, 15, pp. 255-261; Goran, M.I., Visceral fat in prepubertal children: Influence of obesity, anthropometry, ethnicity, gender, diet, and growth (1999) Am J Hum Biol, 11, pp. 201-207; Daniels, S.R., Morrison, J.A., Sprecher, D.L., Khoury, P., Kimball, T.R., Association of body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents (1999) Circulation, 99, pp. 541-545; Willett, W.C., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Weight, weight change, and coronary heart disease in women. Risk within the "normal" weight range (1995) JAMA, 273, pp. 461-465; Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 501-513; Sinaiko, A.R., Donahue, R.P., Jacobs D.R., Jr., Prineas, R.J., Relation of weight and rate of increase in weight during childhood and adolescence to body size, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and lipids in young adults. The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study (1999) Circulation, 99, pp. 1471-1476; Ashley F.W., Jr., Kannel, W.B., Relation of weight change to changes in atherogenic traits: The Framingham Study (1974) J Chronic Dis, 27, pp. 103-114; Freedman, D.S., Perry, G., Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in youths (2000) Prev Med, 31 (SUPPL.), pp. S34-S53; Spiegelman, D., Israel, R.G., Bouchard, C., Willett, W.C., Absolute fat mass, percent body fat, and body-fat distribution: Which is the real determinant of blood pressure and serum glucose? (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 55, pp. 1033-1044 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034861648&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.108.3.712&partnerID=40&md5=03ceaf948162106c8ab1754908887dda ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inflammatory bowel disease and laterality: Is left handedness a risk? T2 - Gut J2 - Gut VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 199 EP - 202 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1136/gut.49.2.199 SN - 00175749 (ISSN) AU - Morris, D.L. AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Galloway, M.L. AU - Pounder, R.E. AU - Wakefield, A.J. AD - Royal Free and University College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Enheten für Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AB - Background - Left handedness has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases. Aims - To determine whether left handedness is associated with IBD in two prospective national birth cohorts. Methods - Subjects with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified from two national longitudinal birth cohorts at age 26 years (1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), born in 1970) and age 33 years (National Child Development Study (NCDS), born in 1958). Laterality was determined at age 10 (BCS70) or seven (NCDS) years, based on hand preference for writing and foot preference for kicking a ball (BCS70 only). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of handedness with CD, UC, and IBD in the cohorts combined and adjusted for sex. Results - Both cohorts combined showed increased adjusted relative odds of 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-4.65; p=0.059), 2.13 (95% CI 0.92-4.91; p=0. 077), and 2.13 (95% CI 1.20-3.78; p=0.010) for CD, UC, and IBD, respectively in left handers. Conclusions - The study suggests a link between IBD and left handedness which may be genetic and/or environmental in origin. KW - Handedness KW - Inflammatory bowel disease KW - article KW - colon Crohn disease KW - environmental factor KW - heredity KW - human KW - left handedness KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - statistical analysis KW - ulcerative colitis KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Colitis, Ulcerative KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Crohn Disease KW - Female KW - Functional Laterality KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: GUTTA C2 - 11454794 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Morris, D.L.; Inflammatory Bowel Dis. Study Group, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Hosp. Med. S., Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: Wisemail@compuserve.com N1 - References: Dellatolas, G., Annesi, I., Jallon, P., An epidemiological reconsideration of the Geschwind-Galaburda theory of cerebral lateralization (1990) Arch Neurol, 47, pp. 778-782; Smith, J., Left-handedness: Its association with allergic disease (1987) Neuropsychologia, 25, pp. 665-674; Soper, H.V., Satz, P., Orsini, D.L., Handedness patterns in autism suggest subtypes (1986) J Autism Dev Disord, 16, pp. 155-167; Geschwind, N., Behan, P., Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 79, pp. 5097-5100; Becker, J.T., Bass, S.M., Dew, M., Hand preference, immune system disorder and cognitive function among gay/bisexual men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (1992) Neuropsychologia, 30, pp. 229-235; Searleman, A., Fugagli, A.K., Suspected autoimmune disorders and left-handedness: Evidence from individuals with diabetes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (1987) Neuropsychologia, 25, pp. 367-374; Meyers, S., Janowitz, H.D., Left-handedness and inflammatory bowel disease (1985) J Clin Gastroenterol, 7, pp. 33-35; Bryden, M.P., McManus, I.C., Bulman-Fleming, M., Evaluating the empirical support for the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda model of cerebral lateralisation (1994) Brain Cogn, 26, pp. 103-167; McKeever, W.F., Rich, D.A., Left handedness and immune disorders (1990) Cortex, 26, pp. 33-40; Obrzut, J.E., The Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda theory of cerebral lateralization: Thesis, antithesis, and synthesis (1994) Brain Cogn, 26, pp. 267-274; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., (1997) An integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , London, SSRU, The City University; Montgomery, S.M., Morris, D.L., Thompson, N.P., Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in British 26 year-olds: National longitudinal birth cohort (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1058-1059; Thompson, N.P., Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Is measles vaccination a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease? (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1071-1074; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-187. , Ferri E, ed. National Children's Bureau; Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Twenty-something in the 1990's, pp. 129-136. , Bynner JM, Ferri E, Shepherd P, eds. UK: Ashgate; Le Roux, A., Sex differences and the incidence of left-handedness (1979) J Psychol, 102, pp. 261-262; Peter, M., Durding, B.M., Footedness of left- and right-handers (1979) Am J Psychol, 92, pp. 133-142; Geschwind, N., Behan, P., Laterality, hormones and immunity (1984) Cerebral dominance: the biological foundations, , Geschwind N, Galaburda AM, eds. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; Yokoyama, M.M., Hara, A., Shiotsuki, Lymphocyte subsets of left-handers (1987) Brain Behav Immun, 1, pp. 36-39; Chengappa, K.N., Ganguli, R., Yang, Z., Non-right sidedness: An association with lower IL-2 production (1992) Life Sci, 51, pp. 1843-1849; Chengappa, K.N., Ganguli, R., Ulrich, R., The prevalence of autoantibodies among right and left handed schizophrenic patients and control subjects (1992) Biol Psychiatry, 32, pp. 803-811; Leviton, A., Kilty, T., Seasonal variation in the birth of left-handed schoolgirls (1979) Arch Neurol, 36, pp. 115-116; Haslam, N., Mayberry, J.F., Probert, C.S., Month-of-birth is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (1997) Gut, 41 (SUPPL. 3), pp. A175; Morris, D.L., Montgomery, S.M., Kyle, J., Is season of birth a risk factor for Crohn's disease (1999) Gut, 45 (SUPPL. V), pp. A124; Sandler, R.S., Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (1994) Inflammatory bowel disease, from bench to bedside, pp. 5-30. , Targan SR, Shanahan F, eds. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; Yeo, R.A., Gangestad, S.W., Developmental origins of variation in human hand preference (1993) Genetica, 89, pp. 281-296; St. Marseille, A., Braun, C.M.J., Comments on immune aspects of the Geschwind-Behan-Galburda model and of the article of Bryden, Mcmanus and Bulman-Fleming (1994) Brain Cogn, 26, pp. 281-290 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034916867&doi=10.1136%2fgut.49.2.199&partnerID=40&md5=0f0f0053ae338efdfe51699d12377255 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the British National Child Development Study T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 53 IS - 5 SP - 579 EP - 591 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00362-2 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - McCulloch, A. AU - Joshi, H.E. AD - Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom AB - This paper investigates the association between family poverty, the level of deprivation in electoral wards and children's cognitive test scores using data from the second generation in the 1991 sweep of the British National Child Development Study (1958 birth cohort). Family poverty has a significant association with lower test scores in children of all ages (4-18 years). Neighbourhood poverty has a significant association with lower test scores in children aged 4-5 years which, though somewhat attenuated, is independent of other socioeconomic indicators. Among children aged between 6 and 9 years, the association with neighbourhood deprivation is statistically accounted for by individual characteristics. Among children aged between 10 and 18 years, levels of neighbourhood deprivation were for the most part statistically insignificant. The family poverty - test score association among children aged between 10 and 18 years was mediated by the home environment. Mediated effects were stronger for family poverty - test score associations than for neighbourhood poverty. The use of a neighbourhood-level exposure related to the social environment leads to an understanding of the social determinants of children's outcomes that is more than the sum of individual and family-level measures. However, the size of the estimated effects of neighbourhood conditions is much smaller than the estimated effects of family-level conditions. Thus, it appears that families still should be viewed as the key agents in promoting positive development in children. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. KW - Britain KW - Child development KW - Poverty KW - Risk KW - Social ecology KW - cognition KW - educational attainment KW - poverty KW - socioeconomic indicator KW - adolescent KW - age KW - article KW - child KW - cognitive development KW - environment KW - family KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - mental test KW - population research KW - poverty KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - United Kingdom KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child Psychology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cognition KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cultural Deprivation KW - Family KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Poverty KW - Poverty Areas KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :70 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 11478538 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McCulloch, A.; Inst. Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email: amccul@essex.ac.uk N1 - References: Aber, J.L., Gephart, M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Connell, J., Spencer, M.B., Neighborhood, family and individual processes as they influence child and adolescent outcomes (1997), pp. 44-61. , Brooks-Gunn J., Duncan G., Aber J.L. (Eds.), Neighbourhood poverty: context and consequences for development, New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Klebanov, P.K., Sealand, N., Do neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development? (1993) American Journal of Sociology, 99, pp. 353-395; Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G., & Aber, J.L. (Eds.) (1997). Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for development. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Gordon, R., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Neighborhood and family influences on the intellectual and behavioural competence of preschool and early school-age children (1997), pp. 79-118. , Brooks-Gunn J., Duncan G., Aber J.L. (Eds.), Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for development, New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Clarke, L., Di Salvo, P., Joshi, H., & Wright, J. (1997). Stability and instability in children's lives: Longitudinal evidence from Great Britain, Research Paper 97-1, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Sciences; Coleman, J., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (SUPPL.), pp. S95-S120; Conger, R.D., Elder, G.H., Lorenz, F.O., Conger, K.J., Simons, R.L., Whitbeck, L.B., Huck, S., Melby, J.N., Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 643-656; Davies, H., Joshi, H., Clarke, L., Is it cash the deprived are short of? (1997) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 160, pp. 107-126; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) Economic Journal, 107, pp. 47-66; Duncan, G.J., Connell, J.P., Klebanov, P.K., Conceptual and methodological issues in estimating causal effects of neighborhoods and family conditions on individual development (1997), pp. 219-250. , Brooks-Gunn J., Duncan G., Aber J.L. (Eds.), Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for development, New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Dunn, L.M., Dunn, L.M., (1981), Peabody picture vocabulary test-revised, Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; Dunn, L., Markwardt, C., (1970), Peabody individual achievement test manual, Circle Pine, Minnesota: American Guidance Service; Evans, W.N., Oates, W.E., Schwab, R.M., Measuring peer group effects; A study of teenage behaviour (1992) Journal of Political Economy, 100, pp. 966-991; Ferri, E. (1993). Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the national child development study, National Children's Bureau, London; Graber, J.A., Brooks-Gunn, J., Transitions and turning points (1996) Navigating the passage from childhood through adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 32, pp. 768-776; Green, A. (1996). Aspects of the changing geography of poverty and wealth. In J. Hills (Ed.), New inequalities: The changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Hills, J., (1996), New inequalities; The changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Joshi, H., Cooksey, E., Wiggins, R.D., McCulloch, A., Verropoulou, G., Clarke, L., Diverse family living situations and child development; A multi-level analysis comparing longitudinal evidence from Britain and the United States (1999) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 13, pp. 292-314; Klebanov, P.K., Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Does neighborhood and family poverty affect mothers' parenting, mental health and social support? (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 441-455; Klebanov, P.K., Brooks-Gunn, J., Chase-Landsdale, P.L., Gordon, R.A., Are neighborhood effects on young children mediated by features of the home environment ? (1997), pp. 119-145. , Brooks-Gunn J., Duncan G., Aber J.L. (Eds.), Neighbourhood poverty: Context and consequences for development, New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Klebanov, P.K., Brooks-Gunn, J., McCarton, C., McCormick, M.C., The contribution of neighborhood and family income to developmental test scores over the first three years of life (1998) Child Development, 69, pp. 1420-1436; Lee, P., Where are the deprived? Measuring deprivation in cities and regions (1999), pp. 172-180. , Dorling D., Simpson S. (Eds.), Statistics in society: The arithmetic of politics, London: Arnold; Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., The neighborhoods they live in; The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes (2000) Psychological Bulletin, 126, pp. 309-337; Macintyre, S., Maciver, S., Sooman, A., Area, class and health; Should we be focusing on places or people (1993) Journal of Social Policy, 22, pp. 213-234; Matthews, M., Gender, home range and environmental cognition (1987) Transactions Institute of British Geographers, 12, pp. 43-56; McCulloch, A., & Joshi, H. (1999). Child development and family resources: An exploration of evidence from the second generation of the 1958 British birth cohort. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Working Paper 99-15; Noble, M., & Smith, G. (1996). Changing patterns of income and wealth in two contrasting areas. In J. Hills, (Ed.), New inequalities: The changing distribution of income and wealth in the United Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Parke, R.D., Bhavnagri, N.P., Parents as managers of children's peer relationships (1989), pp. 241-259. , Belle D. (Ed.), Children's social networks and social supports, New York: Wiley; Peeples, F., Loeber, R., Do individual factors and neighborhood context explain ethnic differences in juvenile delinquency? (1994) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10, pp. 141-157; Raudenbush, S.W., Willms, J.D., The estimation of school effects (1995) Journal of Educational and Behavioural Statistics, 20, pp. 307-335; Rutter, M., School effects on pupil progress; Research findings and policy implications (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 1-29; Sampson, R.J., Family management and child development; Insights from social disorganization theory (1992) Facts, frameworks and forecasts: Advances in criminological theory, 3 vol., pp. 63-93. , McCord J. (Ed.), New Bruswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers; Sampson, R.J., Groves, W.B., Community structure and crime; Testing the social disorganization theory (1989) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 774-802; Sampson, R.J., Raudenbush, S.W., Earls, F., Neighborhoods and violent crime; A multilevel study of collective efficacy (1997) Science, 277, pp. 918-924; Smith, J.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Klebanov, P.K. (1997). Consequences of living in poverty for Young Children's cognitive and verbal ability and early school achievement. In Duncan, & Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Consequences of growing up poor (pp. 132-189). New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Sugland, B., Zaslow, M., Smith, J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Coates, D., Blumenthal, C., Moore, K., Bradley, R., The early childhood HOME Inventory and HOME Short Form in differing racial/ethnic groups; Are there differences in underlying structure, internal consistency of subscales, and patterns of prediction (1995) Journal of Family Issues, 16, pp. 632-663; Tienda, M., Poor people and poor places; Deciphering neighborhood effects on poverty outcomesIn (1991), pp. 244-267. , Huber J. (Ed.), Macro-micro linkages in sociology, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Townsend, P., Phillimore, P., Beattie, A., (1989), Health and deprivation, London: Routledge; Wechsler, D., (1974), Manual for the Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised, New York: Psychological Corporation; Wilson, W.J., (1987), The truly disadvantaged; The inner city, the underclass, and public policy, Chicago: Chicago University Press; Wilson, W.J., Studying inner-city social dislocations; The challenge of public agenda research (1991) American Sociological Review, 56, pp. 1-14 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034964503&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2800%2900362-2&partnerID=40&md5=890c6fea1d38b0f4967c10219b0ce548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Self-rated health and limiting longstanding illness: Inter-relationships with morbidity in early adulthood T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 600 EP - 607 PY - 2001 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Manor, O. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Power, C. AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, PO Box 12272, Jerusalem 91010, Israel AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background: Self-rated health and limiting longstanding illness are both widely used global measures of health, but understanding is poor of their meaning and validity at younger ages. Methods: We examined the association between self-rated health and limiting longstanding illness and specific health problems at two ages (23 and 33 years), and assessed change over the 10-year period for each health measure relative to another. Longitudinal data were taken from the nationally representative British birth cohort for which health measures were obtained at ages 23 and 33. Results: Self-rated health and limiting longstanding illness were strongly associated with each other as well as with specific health problems, particularly with serious conditions (e.g. epilepsy, cancer, diabetes) and more weakly with less serious conditions (e.g. eczema and hay fever). Rating of overall health and limiting longstanding illness was highly stable during the 10-year period with most, but not all, health change reflecting a deterioration in health status. Deterioration in limiting illness corresponded to an even greater health decline in specific conditions. Conclusions: Self-rated health and limiting longstanding illness are valid health measures appropriate for use in general health surveys. KW - Early adulthood KW - Health decline KW - Limiting longstanding illness KW - Morbidity KW - Self-rated health KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - article KW - association KW - cancer KW - controlled study KW - deterioration KW - diabetes mellitus KW - eczema KW - epilepsy KW - female KW - hay fever KW - health status KW - health survey KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - morbidity KW - priority journal KW - self evaluation KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Chronic Disease KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors KW - Self Assessment (Psychology) N1 - Cited By :142 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 11416091 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Manor, O.; Sch. of Public Hlth./Community Med., The Hebrew University and Hadassah, PO Box 12272, Jerusalem 91010, Israel; email: om@cc.huji.ac.il N1 - References: Lahelma, E., Manderbacka, K., Rahkonen, O., Karisto, A., Comparisons of inequalities in health: Evidence from national surveys in Finland, Norway and Sweden (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 517-524; Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J.M., van den Berg, J., International variation in socioeconomic inequalities in self reported health (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 117-123; Idler, E.L., Benyamini, Y., Self rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies (1997) J Health Soc Behavior, 38, pp. 21-37. , (March); Schroll, M., Ferry, M., Lund-Larsen, K., Enzi, G., Assessment of health: Self perceived health, chronic diseases, use of medicine (1991) Eur J Clin Nutr, 45 (SUPPL. 3), pp. 169-182; Marmot, M., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M., Marks, N.F., Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 901-910; van Doorslaer, E., Wagstaff, A., Bleichrodt, H., Income-related inequalities in health: Some international comparisons (1997) J Health Econ, 16, pp. 93-112; Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Differences in self reported morbidity by educational level: A comparison of 11 western European countries (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 219-227; Heistaro, S., Vartiainen, E., Puska, P., Trends in self rated health in Finland 1972-1992 (1996) Prev Med, 25, pp. 625-632; Dunnell, K., Are we healthier? (1997), pp. 173-181. , Charlton J, Murphy M (eds). The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994. London: The Stationery Office; Lahelma, E., Rahkonen, O., Huuhka, M., Changes in the social patterning of health? The case of Finland 1986-1994 (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 789-799; Robine, J.M., Blanchet, M., Dowd, J.E., (1992), Health Expectancy: First Workshop of the International Healthy Life Expectancy Network (REVES). London: HMSO; Guralnik, J.M., Land, K.C., Blazer, D., Fillenbaum, G.G., Branch, L.G., Educational status and active life expectancy among older blacks and whites (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 110-116. , (July 8); Valkonen, T., Sihvonen, A.P., Lahelma, E., Health expectancy by level of education in Finland (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 801-808; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessed health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 239-245; Wolinsky, F.D., Johnson, R.J., Perceived health status and mortality among older men and women (1992) J Gerontol, 47, pp. S304-S312; Kaplan, G.A., Goldberg, D.E., Everson, S.A., Perceived health status and morbidity and mortality: Evidence from the Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study (1996) Int J Epidemiol, 25, pp. 259-265; Miilunpalo, S., Vuori, I., Oja, P., Pasanen, M., Urponen, H., Self-rated health status as a health measure: The predictive value of self-reported health status on the use of physician services and on mortality in the working age population (1997) J Clin Epidemiol, 50, pp. 517-528; Segovia, J., Bartlett, R.F., Edwards, A.C., An empirical analysis of the dimensions of health status measures (1989) Soc Sci Med, 29, pp. 761-768; Rakowski, W., Cryan, C.D., Associations among health perceptions and health status within three age groups (1990) J Aging Health, 2, pp. 58-80; Brazier, J.E., Harper, R., Jones, N.M., Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: New outcome measure for primary care (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 160-164; Idler, E.L., Kasl, S.V., Self-ratings of health: Do they also predict change in functional ability? (1995) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 50, pp. S344-S353; Farmer, M.M., Ferraro, K.F., Distress and perceived health: Mechanisms of health decline (1997) J Health Soc Behavior, 39, pp. 298-311; Ferraro, K.F., Farmer, M.M., Wybraniec, J.A., Health trajectories: Long term dynamics among black and white adults (1997) J Health Soc Behavior, 38, pp. 38-54; Krause, N.M., Jay, G.M., What do global self-rated health items measure? (1994) Med Care, 32, pp. 930-942; Sullivan, M., Karlsson, J., Ware J.E., Jr., The Swedish SF-36 Health Survey-I. Evaluation of data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability and construct validity across general populations in Sweden (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41, pp. 1349-1358; Pikó, B., Barabás, K., Boda, K., Frequency of common psychosomatic symptoms and its influence on self perceived health in a Hungarian student population (1997) Eur J Pub Health, 7, pp. 243-247; Manderbacka, K., Lahelma, E., Martikainen, P., Examining the continuity of self-rated health (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 208-213; Katz, S., Downs, T.D., Cash, H.R., Grotz, R.C., Progress in development of the index of ADL (1970) Gerontologist, 10, pp. 20-30; Verbrugge, L.M., Jette, A.M., The disablement process (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 1-14; Cohen, G., Forbes, J., Garraway, M., Interpreting self reported limiting long term illness (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 722-724; Payne, N., Saul, C., Self reported limiting long term illness: How is a positive answer to this question associated with the presence of common symptoms and conditions? (1999) J Epidemiol Community Health, pp. 9-10. , The Society for Social Medicine 43rd Annual Scientific Meeting (8-10 September); Macintyre, S., Ford, G., Hunt, K., Do women 'over-report' morbidity? Men's and women's responses to structured prompting on a standard question on long standing illness (1999) Soc Sci Med, 48, pp. 89-98; Ferri, E., (1993), Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study. London: National Children's Bureau; (1994), Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education. National Child Development Study Composite File including selected Perinatal Data and sweeps one to five (computer file). National Birthday Trust Fund, Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit (original data producers). SN: 3148. Colchester; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991), Health and Class: The Early Years. London: Chapman Hall; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; (1970), Medical Research Council. Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms. London: MRC; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Agresti, A., (1990), Categorical Data Analysis. New York: Wiley; Barsky, A.J., Cleary, P.D., Klerman, G.L., Determinants of perceived health status of medical outpatients (1992) Soc Sci Med, 34, pp. 1147-1154; Verbrugge, L.M., Lepkowski, J.M., Impivaara, O., Comorbidity and its impact on disability (1989) Milbank Quarterly, 67, pp. 450-481; Kaplan, G.A., Strawbridge, W.J., Camacho, T., Cohen, R.D., Factors associated with change in physical functioning in the elderly (1993) J Aging Health, 5, pp. 140-153; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-342; Sears, M.R., Growing up with asthma (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 72-73; Strachan, D.P., Butland, B.K., Anderson, H.R., Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1195-1199; Power, C., Rodgers, B., Hope, S., U-shaped relation for alcohol consumption and health in early adulthood and implications for mortality (1998) Lancet, 352, p. 877. , [letter]; Idler, E.L., Self assessed health and mortality: A review of studies (1992) Int Rev Health Psychol, 1, pp. 33-54; Manderbacka, K., Lundberg, O., Martikainen, P., Do risk factors and health behaviours contribute to self-ratings of health? (1999) Soc Sci Med, 48, pp. 1713-1720; Makela, M., Heliovaara, M., Sievers, K., Knekt, P., Maatela, J., Aromaa, A., Musculoskeletal disorders as determinants of disability in Finns aged 30 years or more (1993) J Clin Epidemiol, 46, pp. 549-559; Fylkesnes, K., Forde, O.H., Determinants and dimensions involved in self-evaluation of health (1992) Soc Sci Med, 35, pp. 271-279; Ware J.E., Jr., Sherbourne, C.D., The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection (1992) Med Care, 30, pp. 473-483; Stansfeld, S.A., Smith, G.D., Marmott, M., Association between physical and psychological morbidity in the Whitehall II study (1993) J Psychosom Res, 37, pp. 227-238; Bruce, M.L., Seeman, T.E., Merrill, S.S., Blazer, D.G., The impact of depressive symptomatology on physical disability: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1796-1799; Pless, I.B., Power, C., Peckham, C.S., Long-term psychosocial sequelae of chronic physical disorders in childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 1131-1136; Magni, G., Marchetti, M., Moreschi, C., Merskey, H., Luchini, S.R., Chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in the National Health and Nutrition Examination. I. Epidemiologic follow-up study (1993) Pain, 53, pp. 163-168; Croft, P.R., Papageorgiou, A.C., Ferry, S., Thomas, E., Jayson, M.I.V., Silman, A.J., Psychologic distress and low back pain: Evidence from a prospective study in the general population (1996) Spine, 20, pp. 2731-2737; Ferraro, K.F., Yu, Y., Body weight and self-ratings of health (1995) J Health Soc Behav, 36, pp. 274-284; Kunst, A.E., Mackenbach, J.P., International variation in the size of mortality differences associated with occupational status (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 1-9; Guralnik, J.M., Kaplan, G.A., Predictors of healthy aging: Prospective evidence from the Almeda county study (1989) Am J Public Health, 79, pp. 703-708; Hubert, H.B., Bloch, D.A., Fries, J.F., Risk factors for physical disability in an aging cohort: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1993) J Rheumatol, 20, pp. 480-488; Manninen, P., Heliovaara, M., Riihimaki, H., Makela, P., Does psychological distress predict disability? (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 1063-1070; Manton, K.G., A longitudinal study of functional change and mortality in the United States (1988) J Gerontol, 43, pp. S153-S161; Roos, N.P., Havens, B., Predictors of successful aging: A twelve-year study of Manitoba elderly (1991) Am J Public Health, 81, pp. 63-68; Beckett, L.A., Brock, D.B., Lemke, J.H., Analysis of change in self-reported physical function among older persons in four population studies (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 766-778; Leinonen, R., Heikkinen, E., Jylha, M., Self rated health and self assessed change in health in elderly men and women-a five year longitudinal study (1998) Soc Sci Med, 46, pp. 591-597; Rowe, J.W., Kahn, R.L., Human ageing: Usual and successful (1987) Science, 237, pp. 143-149 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034959691&partnerID=40&md5=9818a0cf7e4b4603e3a8c98c2025f9c9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring and assessing the impact of basic skills on labour market outcomes T2 - Oxford Economic Papers J2 - Oxf. Econ. Pap. VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 453 EP - 481 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1093/oep/53.3.453 SN - 00307653 (ISSN) AU - McIntosh, S. AU - Vignoles, A. AD - Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AD - Centre for Economic Performance, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - Although there has been a considerable amount of research relating measures of schooling years, qualifications, or training spells to workers’ labour market success, there has been very little assessment of the role of more basic literacy and numeracy skills, largely due to problems with measurement and data availability. Yet it is obviously crucial, in an era of apparently rising demand for skills, that we have evidence on the labour market value of the full range of worker skills, including basic literacy and numeracy. This paper therefore uses data from the National Child Development Study and the International Adult Literacy Survey to fill this gap. Specifically, we use test scores achieved by respondents in both surveys to measure their basic literacy and numeracy skills. We then evaluate the impact of these skills on workers’ labour market outcomes, and find clear evidence of a substantial wage return to such basic skills. © 2001 Oxford University Press. KW - assessment method KW - labor market KW - skilled labor KW - training N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McIntosh, S.; Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: S.Mcintosh@lse.ac.uk N1 - References: (1993) The Cost to British Industry: Basic Skills and the Workforce, , ALBSU. Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit, London; (1997) International Numeracy Survey: A Comparison of the Basic Numeracy Skills of Adults 16-60 in Seven Countries, , Basic Skills Agency. Basic Skills Agency, London; Bishop, J.H., Is the test score decline responsible for the productivity growth decline? (1989) American Economic Review, 79, pp. 178-197; Blum, A., Guerin-Pace, F., Weaknesses and defects of IALS (2000) Measuring Adult Literacy: The International Adult Literacy Survey in the European Context, , S Carey (ed.), Office for National Statistics, London; Carey, S., Low, S., Hansbro, J., (1997) Adult Literacy in Britain, , The Stationary Office, London; Dearden, L., McIntosh, S., Myck, M., Vignoles, A., The returns to academic, vocational and basic skills in Britain (2000) DfEE Skills Task Force Research Paper No. 20, , Department for Education and Employment, London; (1999) Improving Literacy and Numeracy: A Fresh Start, , Department for Education and Employment (DfEE). Great Britain Working Group on Post-School Basic Skills chaired by Sir Claus Moser, Department for Education and Employment, London; Dolton, P., Vignoles, A., (1999) The Economic Case for Reforming a Levels, , Discussion Paper No. 422, Centre for Economic Performance, London; Doyle, C., Weale, M., Education, externalities, fertility and economic growth (1994) Education Economics, 2, pp. 129-167; Goldstein, H., IALS-A commentary on the scaling and data analysis (2000) Measuring Adult Literacy: The International Adult Literacy Survey in the European Context, , S. Carey (ed.), Office for National Statistics, London; Green, F., (1998) The Value of Skills, , Discussion Paper No. 98/19, Department of Economics, University of Kent; Green, A., Steedman, H., (1997) Into the Twenty-First Century: An Assessment of British Skill Profiles, , Special Report, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics; Grogger, J., Eide, E., Changes in college skills and the rise in the college wage premium (1995) The Journal of Human Resources, 30, pp. 280-310; Hanushek, E., Kim, R., (1995) Schooling, Labor Force Quality and Economic Growth, , Working Paper No. 411, Rochester Centre for Economic Research, Rochester, NY; Kenny, L.W., Lee, L., Maddala, G.S., Trost, R.P., Returns to college education: An investigation of self-selection bias based on the project talent data (1979) International Economic Review, 20, pp. 775-789; Keys, W., Harris, S., Fernandes, C., (1996) Third International Mathematics and Science Study, , National Foundation for Educational Research, London; Machin, S., McIntosh, S., Vignoles, A., Viitanen, T., (2000) Basic Skills: Secondary Analysis of the National Child Development Study, , Research Paper, Department for Education and Employment, London; Murnane, R.J., Willett, J.B., Levy, F., The growing importance of cognitive skills in wage determination (1995) Review of Economics and Statistics, 77, pp. 251-266; Parsons, S., Bynner, J., (1998) Influences on Adult Basic Skills: Factors Affecting the Development of Literacy and Numeracy from Birth to 3, , The Basic Skills Agency, London; Reynolds, D., Farrell, S., (1996) Worlds Apart? A Review of International Surveys of Educational Achievement Involving England, , Office for Standards in Education, London; Robinson, P., (1997) Literacy and Numeracy and Economic Performance, , Working Paper No. 888, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics; Stewart, M.B., On least squares estimation when the dependent variable is grouped (1983) Review of Economic Studies, 50, pp. 737-753; Tyler, J.H., Murnane, R.J., Willett, J.B., (1999) Do the Cognitive Skills of School Dropouts Matter in the Labor Market?, , Working Paper 7101, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA; Willis, R.J., Rosen, S., Education and self-selection (1979) Journal of Political Economy, 87, pp. S7-S37 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034918058&doi=10.1093%2foep%2f53.3.453&partnerID=40&md5=8665ca6e968efede232e56c2141b76e8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tracking of body size from birth to late adolescence: Contributions of birth length, birth weight, duration of gestation, parents' body size, and twinship T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. VL - 154 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 29 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1093/aje/154.1.21 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - Pietiläinen, K.H. AU - Kaprio, J. AU - Räsänen, M. AU - Winter, T. AU - Rissanen, A. AU - Rose, R.J. AD - Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AD - Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland AD - Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland AD - Obesity Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland AD - Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States AD - Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland AB - Birth weight has correlated positively with adult body mass index (BMI), but rarely have birth length, duration of gestation, or parents' body size been taken into account. The authors examined tracking of birth length and weight, adjusted for gestational age, to late adolescence, with special reference to parents' height and BMI. Longitudinal information from a nationally representative sample of Finnish twin adolescents (birth cohorts 1975-1979) and their parents was collected via questionnaires mailed when the twins were aged 16 years (n = 4,376; 2,062 males, 2,314 females) and 18 years (n = 3,917; 1,742 males, 2,175 females). The twins showed significant tracking of body size from birth to late adolescence, which was greatly influenced by their parents' body size. Height in adolescence was predicted by length and weight at birth and by parents' height, whereas BMI was predicted by birth weight and parents' BMI. An especially high risk for overweight was found for subjects of average length but a high weight at birth. These findings suggest that the intrauterine period has enduring effects on later body size but leave unresolved whether these effects are genetic or environmental. KW - Birth weight KW - Body height KW - Body mass index KW - Family KW - Gestational age KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Obesity KW - Twins KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body size KW - female KW - gestational age KW - high risk population KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - newborn KW - obesity KW - parent KW - twins KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :106 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 11427401 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pietiläinen, K.H.; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; email: kirsi.pietilainen@helsinki.fi N1 - References: Hediger, M.L., Overpeck, M.D., McGlynn, A., Growth and fatness at three to six years of age of children born small- or large-for-gestational age (1999) Pediatrics, 104, pp. e33; Takahashi, E., Yoshida, K., Sugimori, H., Influence factors on the development of obesity in 3-year-old children based on the Toyama study (1999) Prev Med, 28, pp. 293-296; Hediger, M.L., Overpeck, M.D., Maurer, K.R., Growth of infants and young children born small or large for gestational age: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 152, pp. 1225-1231; Strauss, R.S., Effects of the intrauterine environment on childhood growth (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 81-95; Duran-Tauleria, E., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness in British children (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 466-473; Maffeis, C., Micciolo, R., Must, A., Parental and perinatal factors associated with childhood obesity in north-east Italy (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 301-305; Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Billette, A., Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 721-729; Binkin, N.J., Yip, R., Fleshood, L., Birth weight and childhood growth (1988) Pediatrics, 82, pp. 828-834; Kramer, M.S., Barr, R.G., Leduc, D.G., Determinants of weight and adiposity in the first year of life (1985) J Pediatr, 106, pp. 10-14; Ounsted, M., Moar, V.A., Scott, A., Children of deviant birth-weight: The influence of genetic and other factors on size at seven years (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand, 74, pp. 707-712; Fisch, R.O., Bilek, M.K., Ulstrom, R., Obesity and leanness at birth and their relationship to body habitus in later childhood (1975) Pediatrics, 56, pp. 521-528; Miller, F.J., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle upon Tyne children (1972) Br J Prev Soc Med, 26, pp. 224-230; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., A longitudinal study of birth weight and being overweight in late adolescence (1991) Am J Dis Child, 145, pp. 782-785; Braddon, F.E., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J, 293, pp. 299-303; Schroeder, D.G., Martorell, R., Flores, R., Infant and child growth and fatness and fat distribution in Guatemalan adults (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 177-185; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., The relation of weight, length and ponderal index at birth to body mass index and overweight among 18-year-old males in Sweden (1998) Eur J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 373-380; Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Relation between weight and length at birth and body mass index in young adulthood: Cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, p. 1137; Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., Birth weight and adult hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in US men (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 3246-3250; Curhan, G.C., Chertow, G.M., Willett, W.C., Birth weight and adult hypertension and obesity in women (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 1310-1315; Allison, D.B., Paultre, F., Heymsfield, S.B., Is the intrauterine period really a critical period for the development of adiposity? (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 397-402; Gallaher, M.M., Hauck, F.R., Yang-Oshida, M., Obesity among Mescalero preschool children. Association with maternal obesity and birth weight (1991) Am J Dis Child, 145, pp. 1262-1265; Glinianaia, S.V., Magnus, P., Harris, J.R., Is there a consequence for fetal growth of having an unlike-sexed cohabitant in utero? (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 657-659; Hulman, S., Kushner, H., Katz, S., Can cardiovascular risk be predicted by newborn, childhood, and adolescent body size? An examination of longitudinal data in urban African Americans (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 90-97; Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Birth weight and length as predictors for adult height (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 726-729; Ericson, A., Kallen, B., Very low birthweight boys at the age of 19 (1998) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 78, pp. F171-F174; Karlberg, J., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Growth in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants: From birth to final height (1995) Pediatr Res, 38, pp. 733-739. , Erratum published in Pediatr Res 1996; 39:175; Paz, I., Seidman, D.S., Danon, Y.L., Are children born small for gestational age at increased risk of short stature? (1993) Am J Dis Child, 147, pp. 337-339; Klebanoff, M.A., Mednick, B.R., Schulsinger, C., Father's effect on infant birth weight (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 178, pp. 1022-1026; Tanner, J.M., Goldstein, H., Whitehouse, R.H., Standards for children's height at ages 2-9 years allowing for heights of parents (1970) Arch Dis Child, 45, pp. 755-762; Strauss, R.S., Dietz, W.H., Growth and development of term children born with low birth weight: Effects of genetic and environmental factors (1998) J Pediatr, 133, pp. 67-72; Stunkard, A.J., Berkowitz, R.I., Stallings, V.A., Weights of parents and infants: Is there a relationship? (1999) Int J Obes, 23, pp. 159-162; Coutinho, R., David, R.J., Collins J.W., Jr., Relation of parental birth weights to infant birth weight among African Americans and whites in Illinois: A transgenerational study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 146, pp. 804-809; Pietiläinen, K.H., Kaprio, J., Rissanen, A., Distribution and heritability of BMI in Finnish adolescents aged 16y and 17y: A study of 4884 twins and 2509 singletons (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 107-115; Maes, H.H.M., Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 325-351; Allison, D.B., Kaprio, J., Korkeila, M., The heritability of body mass index among an international sample of monozygotic twins reared apart (1996) Int J Obes, 20, pp. 501-506; Meyer, J.M., Genetic studies of obesity across the life span (1995), pp. 145-166. , Turner JR, Cardon LR, Hewitt JK, eds. Behavior genetic approaches in behavioral medicine. New York, NY: Plenum Press; Barker, D.J., Fetal origins of cardiovascular disease (1999) Ann Med, 31 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 3-6; Brooks, A.A., Johnson, M.R., Steer, P.J., Birth weight: Nature or nurture? (1995) Early Hum Dev, 42, pp. 29-35; Strauss, R.S., Dietz, W.H., Low maternal weight gain in the second or third trimester increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation (1999) J Nutr, 129, pp. 988-993; Luke, B., Min, S.J., Gillespie, B., The importance of early weight gain in the intrauterine growth and birth weight of twins (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 179, pp. 1155-1161; Whitaker, R.C., Dietz, W.H., Role of the prenatal environment in the development of obesity (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 768-776; Hellerstedt, W.L., Himes, J.H., Story, M., The effects of cigarette smoking and gestational weight change on birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 591-596; Weijin, Z., Olsen, J., Is foetal growth reduction induced by smoking modified by body mass or gestational weight gain? (1996) Scand J Soc Med, 24, pp. 155-156; Pattenden, S., Dolk, H., Vrijheid, M., Inequalities in low birth weight: Parental social class, area deprivation, and "lone mother" status (1999) J Epidemiol Community Health, 53, pp. 355-358; Vågerö, D., Koupilova, I., Leon, D.A., Social determinants of birthweight, ponderal index and gestational age in Sweden in the 1920s and the 1980s (1999) Acta Paediatr, 88, pp. 445-453; Katzmarzyk, P.T., Pérusse, L., Rao, D.C., Familial risk of obesity and central adipose tissue distribution in the general Canadian population (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 933-942; Price, R.A., Stunkard, A.J., Ness, R., Childhood onset (age less than 10) obesity has high familial risk (1990) Int J Obes, 14, pp. 185-195; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Leger, J., Limoni, C., Collin, D., Prediction factors in the determination of final height in subjects born small for gestational age (1998) Pediatr Res, 43, pp. 808-812; Luo, Z.C., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Length and body mass index at birth and target height influences on patterns of postnatal growth in children born small for gestational age. (Electronic article) (1998) Pediatrics, 102, pp. e72; Rose, R.J., Kaprio, J., Winter, T., Familial and socioregional environmental effects on abstinence from alcohol at age sixteen (1999) J Stud Alcohol Suppl, 13, pp. 63-74; Kaprio, J., Rimpelä, A., Winter, T., Common genetic influences on BMI and age at menarche (1995) Hum Biol, 67, pp. 739-753; Physical status: The use interpretation of anthropometry (1995) WHO Technical Report Series, no. 854, pp. 368-369. , Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; (1987), Helsinki, Finland: Central Statistical Office of Finland. (Handbook #14); Zeger, S., Liang, K., Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes (1986) Biometrics, 42, pp. 121-130; Crawley, H.F., Portides, G., Self-reported versus measured height, weight and body mass index amongst 16-17 year old British teenagers (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 579-584; Rowland, M.L., Self-reported weight and height (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 1125-1133; Giacchi, M., Mattei, R., Rossi, S., Correction of the self-reported BMI in a teenage population (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. 673-677; Seidman, D.S., Slater, P.E., Ever-Hadani, P., Accuracy of mothers' recall of birthweight and gestational age (1987) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 94, pp. 731-735; McCormick, M.C., Brooks-Gunn, J., Concurrent child health status and maternal recall of events in infancy (1999) Pediatrics, 104, pp. 1176-1181; Rosner, B., Prineas, R., Loggie, J., Percentiles for body mass index in US children 5 to 17 years of age (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 211-222; Schroeder, D.G., Martorell, R., Fatness and body mass index from birth to young adulthood in a rural Guatemalan population (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70, pp. 137S-144S; Hediger, M.L., Overpeck, M.D., Kuczmarski, R.J., Muscularity and fatness of infants and young children born small- or large-for-gestational-age. (Electronic article) (1998) Pediatrics, 102, pp. e60; Barker, M., Robinson, S., Osmond, C., Birth weight and body fat distribution in adolescent girls (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 381-383; Law, C.M., Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Early growth and abdominal fatness in adult life (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 184-186 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035399656&doi=10.1093%2faje%2f154.1.21&partnerID=40&md5=c6a9e134cdce9c2538d39eceb19f0eae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender-specific incidence trends in lung cancer by histological type in Sweden, 1958-1996 T2 - European Journal of Cancer Prevention J2 - Eur.J. Cancer Prev. VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 227 EP - 235 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1097/00008469-200106000-00005 SN - 09598278 (ISSN) AU - Li, X. AU - Mutanen, P. AU - Hemminki, K. AD - Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden AB - We used the Swedish Family-Cancer Database to examine the time trends of lung cancer in Sweden by histological type, with special reference to gender. A total of 45 297 lung cancer cases were analysed. The overall age-adjusted incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in men peaked in the 1980s and then slightly decreased, while corresponding rates in women increased steadily. The incidence of adenocarcinoma increased in both genders. The male-to-female incidence ratio for SCC was 12.4 in the 1960s and 3.6 in the 1990s. For adenocarcinoma the ratio was close to 1.5 throughout the period. Regression analysis indicated that the birth cohort of the 1940s was at the highest risk for adenocarcinoma in men and for all types of lung cancer in women. Lung cancer in parents was a risk factor for offspring. In conclusion, the data, particularly on women, suggest that modern cigarettes induce lung adenocarcinoma and SCC in a proportion of 1:0.6. This proportion was 1:3.7 among men diagnosed in the 1960s. The incidence ratio of 1.3 for adenocarcinoma between men and women in the 1990s is consistent with the smoking prevalence data a few decades ago, suggesting equal sensitivity of both genders to tobacco-induced lung cancer. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Incidence rate KW - Lung cancer KW - Squamous cell carcinoma KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer incidence KW - child KW - cigarette smoking KW - female KW - histopathology KW - human KW - lung adenocarcinoma KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - regression analysis KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - squamous cell carcinoma KW - Sweden KW - tobacco KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Registries KW - Sex Distribution KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :30 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJUPE C2 - 11432709 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Li, X.; Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden; email: xinjun.li@cnt.ki.se N1 - References: Ans Nicolaides-Bouman, N.W., Forey, B., Lee, P., (1993) International Smoking Statistics - A Collection of Historical Data from 22 Economically Developed Countries, , Oxford University Press, London; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research: The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2, pp. 1-406. , IARC Scientific Publications No. 82. IARC, Lyon; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; (1999) Cancer Incidence in Sweden 1997, , The National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm; Franceschi, S., Bidoli, E., The epidemiology of lung cancer (1999) Ann Oncol, 10, pp. S3-S6; Hecht, S.S., Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 1194-1210; Hemminki, K., Vaittinen, P., Familial risks in in situ cancers from the Family-Cancer Database (1998) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prey, 7, pp. 865-868; Hemminki, K., Vaittinen, P., National database of familial cancer in Sweden (1998) Genet Epidemiol, 15, pp. 225-236; Hemminki, K., Vaittinen, P., Kyyronen, P., Age-specific familial risks in common cancers of the offspring (1998) Int J Cancer, 78, pp. 172-175; (1986) Monographs programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans, pp. 13-32. , Preamble. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogen Risk of Chemicals to Humans No. 39. IARC, Lyon; Le Marchand, L., Sivaraman, L., Pierce, L., Associations of CYP1A1, GSTM1, and CYP2E1 polymorphisms with lung cancer suggest cell type specificities to tobacco carcinogens (1998) Cancer Res, 58, pp. 4858-4863; Levi, F., Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Randimbison, L., Te, V.C., Lung carcinoma trends by histologic type in Vaud and Neuchatel, Switzerland, 1974-1994 (1997) Cancer, 79, pp. 906-914; Nordlund, L.A., Trends in smoking habits and lung cancer in Sweden (1998) Eur J Cancer Prev, 7, pp. 109-116; Nyberg, F., Isaksson, I., Harris, J.R., Pershagen, G., Misclassification of smoking status and lung cancer risk from environmental tobacco smoke in never-smokers (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 304-309; Parkin, D.M., Pisani, P., Ferlay, J., Estimates of the worldwide incidence of 25 major cancers in 1990 (1999) Int J Cancer, 80, pp. 827-841; Skuladottir, H., Olsen, J.H., Hirsch, F.R., Incidence of lung cancer in Denmark: Historical and actual status (2000) Lung Cancer, 27, pp. 107-118; Sverige Hälsa, I., (1998) Hälsostatisk årsbok, Statistics Sweden 1998, , Stockholm; Wersall, J.P., Eklund, G., The decline of smoking among Swedish men (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 20-26; Wingo, P.A., Ries, L.A., Giovino, G.A., Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 675-690; Zheng, T., Holford, T.R., Boyle, P., Time trend and the age-period-cohort effect on the incidence of histologic types of lung cancer in Connecticut, 1960-1989 (1994) Cancer, 74, pp. 1556-1567 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034992115&doi=10.1097%2f00008469-200106000-00005&partnerID=40&md5=1acf153ef3f18802b45c28fa7f429a19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Class, mobility and merit: The experience of two British birth cohorts T2 - European Sociological Review J2 - Eur. Sociol. Rev. VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 81 EP - 101 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1093/esr/17.2.81 SN - 02667215 (ISSN) AU - Breen, R. AU - Goldthorpe, J.H. AD - Dept. of Polit. and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Via del Roccettini 9, 1-50016 San Domenico di Fiesole (Fl), Italy AD - Nuffield College, Oxford OX1 1NF, United Kingdom AB - The controversial issue of 'meritocracy' can be most productively addressed if it is treated as one of direction of change over time: i.e. whether individual merit, understood in terms of ability, effort, or educational attainment, is growing in importance in processes of social selection. To test the thesis of 'increasing merit selection', we analyse data from two British cohort studies relating to children born in 1958 and 1970 respectively. We find that, from the later to the earlier cohort, the pattern of relative rates of class mobility changed little; and that individual merit, as we are able to measure it, did not play a greater part in mediating the association between class origins and destinations. In fact, the effects of ability and educational attainment on individuals' relative mobility chances diminished somewhat. These findings, we argue, are less surprising than they may at first appear if viewed in the context of the problematic relationship between the idea of meritocracy and the operation of a free-market economy. N1 - Cited By :147 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Breen, R.; Dept. of Polit. and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Via del Roccettini 9, 1-50016 San Domenico di Fiesole (Fl), Italy; email: Breen@datacomm.iue.it N1 - References: Bell, D., On meritocracy and equality (1972) The Public Interest, 29, pp. 29-68; Bell, D., (1973) The Coming of Post-industrial Society, , Basic Books, New York; Beau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , Wiley, New York; Bond, R., Saunders, P., Routes to success: Influences on the occupational attainment of young British males (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50, pp. 217-249; Breen, R., Individual level models for mobility tables and other cross-classifications (1994) Sociological Methods and Research, 23, pp. 147-173; Breen, R., The persistence of class origin inequalities among school leavers in the Republic of Ireland, 1984-1993 (1998) British Journal of Sociology, 49, pp. 275-298; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50, pp. 1-27; Breen, R., Whelan, C.T., From ascription to achievement? Origins, education and entry to the labour force in the Republic of Ireland during the twentieth century (1993) Acta Sociologica, 38, pp. 3-17; Butler, N., Bynner, J.M., (1997) 1970 British Cohort Study: Ten-year Follow-up, 1980, , The Data Archive, University of Essex; Despotidu, S., Shepherd, P., (1998) 1970 British Cohort Study: Twenty-six-year Follow-up, 1996, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Douglas, J.W.B., (1967) The Home and the School, 2nd Edn., , Panther Books, London; Elliott, C.D., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1978) British Ability Scales, , National Foundation for Educational Research, London; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1992) The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Gammage, P., (1975) Socialisation, Schooling and Locus of Control, , PhD thesis, University of London; Ganzeboom, H.B.G., Heath, A.F., Roberts, J., (1992) Trends in Educational and Occupational Achievement in Britain, , Paper presented to the ISA Research Committee on Social Stratification and Mobility, Trento, 1992; Goldberger, A.S., Manski, C.F., The Bell Curve (1995) Journal of Economic Literature, 33, pp. 762-776. , by Herrnstein and Murray; Goldthorpe, J.H., Problems of "meritocracy" (1996) Can Education Be Equalized?, pp. 255-287. , Erikson, R and Jonsson, J.O. (eds) Westview Press, Boulder, Colo; Goldthorpe, J.H., Llewellyn, C., Payne, C., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, 2nd Edn., , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Halsey, A.H., Towards meritocracy? The case of Britain (1977) Power and Ideology in Education, pp. 173-186. , Karabel, J. and Halsey, A.H. (eds) Oxford University Press, New York; Hauser, R.M., (1998) Mental Ability and the Sources of Occupational Success, , Paper presented to the International Sociological Association Research Committee on Social Stratification and Mobility, Taiwan, 1998; Hayek, F., (1960) The Constitution of Liberty, , Routledge, London; Hayek, F., (1976) Law, Legislation and Liberty, , Routledge, London; Heath, A.F., McDonald, S.-K., Social change and the future of the left (1987) Political Quarterly, 53, pp. 364-377; Heath, A.F., Cheung, S.-Y., Education and occupation in Britain (1998) From School to Work: A Comparative Study of Educational Qualifications and Occupational Destinations, pp. 71-101. , Shavit, Y and Müller, W. (eds) Clarendon Press, Oxford; Heath, A.F., Mills, C., Roberts, J., Towards meritocracy? Recent evidence on an old problem (1992) Social Research and Social Reform, pp. 217-243. , Heath, A.F. and Crouch, C. (eds) Clarendon Press, Oxford; Heckman, J.J., Lessons from The Bell Curve (1995) Journal of Political Economy, 103, pp. 1091-1120; Jonsson, J.O., (1992) Towards the Merit-Selective Society?, , Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm; Jonsson, J.O., Stratification in post-industrial society: Are educational qualifications of growing importance? (1996) Can Education Be Equalized?, pp. 113-144. , Erikson, R. and Jonsson, J.O. (eds) Westview Press, Boulder, Colo; Keegan, J., (1976) The Face of Battle, , Pimlico, London; King, G., How not to lie with statistics: Avoiding common mistakes in quantitative political science (1986) American Journal of Political Science, 30, pp. 666-687; Kruskal, W., Majors, R., Concepts of relative importance in recent scientific literature (1989) American Statistician, 43, pp. 2-6; Logan, J.A., A multivariate model for mobility tables (1983) American Journal of Sociology, 89, pp. 324-349; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Roberts, S., (1997) Against the Odds? Social Class and Social Justice in Industrial Societies, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Mills, C., Payne, C., (1989) Service Class Entry in Work-life Perspective, , ESRC Social Change and Economic Life Initiative, Working Paper 10; Nathan, G., (1999) A Review of Sample Attrition and Representativeness in Three Longitudinal Surveys, , Government Statistical Service Methodology Series No. 13; Saunders, P., (1996) Unequal but Fair? A Study of Class Barriers in Britain, , IEA, London; Saunders, P., Social mobility in Britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing theories (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 261-288; Treiman, D.J., Industrialization and social stratification (1970) Social Stratification: Research and Theory for the 1970s, pp. 207-234. , Laumann, E.O. (ed.) Bobbs Merrill, Indianapolis; Treiman, D.J., Ganzeboom, H.G.B., Cross-national comparative status attainment research (1990) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 9, pp. 105-127; Treiman, D.J., Yip, K.-B., Educational and occupational attainment in 21 countries (1989) Cross-National Research in Sociology, pp. 373-394. , Kohn, M.L. (ed.) Sage, Newbury Park; Young, M., (1958) The Rise of the Meritocracy, , Penguin, Harmondsworth UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035373903&doi=10.1093%2fesr%2f17.2.81&partnerID=40&md5=619a087eba4d93eb915c8f910937ca1b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth order, family size, and the risk of cancer in young and middle-aged adults T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 84 IS - 11 SP - 1466 EP - 1471 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1811 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Hemminki, K. AU - Mutanen, P. AD - Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Sweden AD - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 141 57 Huddinge, Helsinki, Finland AB - We used the Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyse the effects of birth order and family size on the risk of common cancers among offspring born over the period 1958-96. Some 1.38 million offspring up to age 55 years with 50.6 million person-years were included. Poisson regression analysis included age at diagnosis, birth cohort, socio-economic status and region of residence as other explanatory variables. The only significant associations were an increasing risk for breast cancer by birth order and a decreasing risk for melanoma by birth order and, particularly, by family size. When details of the women's own reproductive history were included in analysis, birth orders 5-17 showed a relative risk of 1.41. The effects on breast cancer may be mediated through increasing birth weight by birth order. For melanoma, socio-economic factors may be involved, such as limited affordability of sun tourism in large families. Testis cancer showed no significant effect and prostate cancer was excluded from analysis because of the small number of cases. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign. KW - Anthropomorphic factors KW - Breast cancer KW - Cancer risk KW - Melanoma KW - Perinatal factors KW - adult KW - anamnesis KW - article KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - breast cancer KW - cancer registry KW - cancer risk KW - family size KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - melanoma KW - priority journal KW - prostate cancer KW - regression analysis KW - socioeconomics KW - Sweden KW - testis cancer KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth Order KW - Birth Weight KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Colorectal Neoplasms KW - Databases, Factual KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Melanoma KW - Middle Aged KW - Risk Assessment KW - Skin Neoplasms KW - Social Class KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJCAA C2 - 11384095 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hemminki, K.; Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden N1 - References: Andersson, S., Niklasson, A., Lapidus, L., Hallberg, L., Bengtsson, C., Hulten, L., Sociodemographic characteristics influencing birth outcome in Sweden, 1908-1930. Birth variables in The Population Study of Women in Gothenburg (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 26-78; Blaser, M., Chyou, P., Nomura, A., Age at establishment of Helicobocter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer risk (1995) Cancer Res, 55, pp. 562-565; Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Hennekens, C.H., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.E., Parental age at birth and risk of breast cancer in daughters: A prospective study among US women (1991) Cancer Causes Control, 2, pp. 31-36; Ekbom, A., Hsieh, C.-C., Lipworth, L., Adami, H.-O., Trichopoulos, D., Intrauterine environment and breast cancer risk in women: A population-based study (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst, 89, pp. 71-76; Emerson, J., Malone, K., Darling, J., Starzyk, P., Childhood brain tumor risk in relation to birth characteristics (1991) J Clin Epidemiol, 44, pp. 1159-1166; English, D., Armstrong, B., Kricker, A., Fleming, C., Sunlight and cancer (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp. 271-283; Goodman, K., Correa, P., Transmission of Helicobacter pylori among siblings (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 358-362; Hemminki, K., Vaittinen, P., National database of familial cancer in Sweden (1998) Genet Epidemiol, 15, pp. 225-236; Hemminki, K., Kyyrönen, P., Parental age and risk of sporadic and familial cancer in offspring: Implications for germ cell mutagenesis (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 747-751; Hemminki, K., Kyyrönen, P., Vaittinen, P., Parental age as a risk factor of childhood leukemia and brain cancer in offspring (1999) Epidemiol, 10, pp. 271-275; Hsieh, C., Tzonou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Birth order and breast cancer risk (1991) Cancer Causes Control, 2, pp. 95-98; Hsieh, C., Thanos, A., Mitropoulos, D., Deliveliotis, C., Mantzoros, C., Trichopoulos, D., Risk factors for prostate cancer: A case-control study in Greece (1999) Int J Cancer, 80, pp. 699-703; Janerich, D.T., Thompson, W.D., Mineau, G.P., Maternal pattern of reproduction and risk of breast cancer in daughters: Results from the Utah population database (1994) J Natl Cancer Inst, 86, pp. 1634-1639; Juntunen, K., Laara, E., Kauppila, A., Grand grand multiparity and birth weight (1997) Obstet Gynecol, 90, pp. 495-499; Kaijser, M., Granath, F., Jacobsen, G., Cnattingius, S., Ekbom, A., Maternal pregnancy estriol levels in relation to anamnestic and fetal antropometric data (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 315-319; Kaye, S.A., Robinson, L.L., Smithson, W.A., Gunderson, P., King, F.L., Neglia, J.P., Maternal reproductive history and birth characteristics in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1991) Cancer, 68, pp. 1351-1355; Michels, K., Trichopoulos, D., Robins, J., Rosner, B., Manson, J., Hunter, D., Colditz, G., Willet, W., Birthweight as a risk factor for breast cancer (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1542-1546; Moller, H., Skakkebaek, N., Testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in relation to prenatal factors: Case-control study in Denmark (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp. 904-912; Potischman, N., Trosi, R., In-utero and early life exposures in relation to risk of breast cancer (1999) Cancer Causes Control, 10, p. 561; Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Perinatal correlates of specific histological types of testicular cancer in patients below 35 years of age: A case-cohort study based on midwives records in Denmark (1998) Int J Cancer, 78, pp. 140-143; Sanderson, M., Williams, M., Malone, K., Stanford, J., Emanuel, I., White, E., Darling, J., Perinatal factors and risk of breast cancer (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 34-37; Shaw, G., Lavey, R., Jackson, R., Austin, D., Association of childhood leukemia with maternal age, birth order, and parternal occupation (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 788-795; Shu, X.O., Gao, Y.T., Brinton, L.A., Al, E., A population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in Shanghai (1988) Cancer, 62, pp. 635-644; Trichopoulos, D., Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 939-940; Westergaard, T., Andersen, P., Pedersen, J., Frisch, M., Olsen, J., Melbye, M., Testicular cancer risk and maternal parity: A population-based cohort study (1998) Br J Cancer, 77, pp. 1180-1185 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035362643&doi=10.1054%2fbjoc.2001.1811&partnerID=40&md5=e74261ae8e2cace97c06314c4ff6dda6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Psychological distress and work and home roles: A focus on socio-economic differences in distress T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 725 EP - 736 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1017/S0033291701003683 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Matthews, S. AU - Power, C. AU - Stansfeld, S. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, St. Bartholomew's at the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. Home and work factors have been linked to psychological status, but less is known about their contribution to social inequalities in psychological status. We examine whether social inequalities in psychological distress can be explained by work-home factors and whether the impact of these potential explanatory factors is similar for men and women. Methods. Data are from the 1958 British birth cohort study. We sought to explain social class differences in psychological distress at age 33. Explanatory factors were classified as work-home roles: i.e. employment, marital status, domestic responsibility, children and elderly care; and work-home characteristics: i.e. job-strain, insecurity, unsocial working hours, youngest child's age, number of children and level of involvement in childcare. Results. A social gradient in psychological distress was found: odds ratios for classes IV and V v. I and II were 2·65 (men) and 3·02 (women). Work factors had consistently stronger associations with psychological distress and with social class among men than women. Work factors had a greater impact on class differences in psychological distress in men. Associations for home roles and characteristics were less consistent and their combined effect on class differences in distress was negligible for both sexes. Conclusion. Explanations for the social gradient differ for men and women. Work may be more important for men than women, but the impact of home factors was not strong during the early adulthood of this cohort. KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - article KW - birth KW - child care KW - classification KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - distress syndrome KW - elderly care KW - employment KW - female KW - home KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - marriage KW - mental health KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - sociology KW - statistical analysis KW - United Kingdom KW - work KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child of Impaired Parents KW - Cohort Studies KW - Employment KW - Family Relations KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Marital Status KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Workload N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 11352374 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Aneshensel, C.S., Frerichs, R.R., Clark, V.A., Family roles and sex differences in depression (1981) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, pp. 379-393; Bartley, M., Sacker, A., Firth, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Social position, social roles and women's health in England: Changing relationships 1984-1993 (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 48, pp. 99-115; Baruch, G.K., Barnett, R.C., Role quality and psychological well-being (1987), pp. 63-73. , In Spouse, Parent, Worker (ed. F. J. Crosby) Yale University Press: New Haven; Bifulco, A., Brown, G.W., Moran, P., Ball, C., Campbell, C., Predicting depression in women: The role of past and present vulnerability (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 39-50; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1978), Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women. Tavistock: London; (1994), Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education National Child Development Study Composite File including selected Perinatal Data and sweeps one to five [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. The Data Archive Distributor: Colchester, Essex. SN: 3148; Davey-Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black Report on socio-economic inequalities in health 10 years on (1990) British Medical Journal, 301, pp. 373-377; Dohrenwend, B.P., Levav, I., Shrout, P.E., Schwartz, S., Naveh, G., Link, B.G., Skodol, A.E., Stueve, A., Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: The causation - Selection issue (1992) Science, 255, pp. 946-952; Elliot, J., Huppert, F.A., In sickness and in health: Associations between physical and mental well-being, employment and parental status in a British nationwide sample of married women (1991) Psychological Medicine, 21, pp. 515-524; Ferri, E., (1993), Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study. National Children's Bureau: London; Fox, J., (1989), Health Inequalities in European Countries. Gower: Aldershot; Gore, S., Mangione, T.W., Social roles, sex roles and psychological distress: Additive and interactive models of sex differences (1983) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, pp. 300-312; Hall, E.M., Double exposure: The combined impact of the home and work environments on psychosomatic strain in Swedish women and men (1992) International Journal of Health Services, 22, pp. 239-260; Hibbard, J.H., Pope, C.R., Employment characteristics and health status among men and women (1987) Women and Health, 12, pp. 85-102; Hong, J., Mailick Seltzer, M., The psychological consequences of multiple roles: The non-normative case (1995) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, pp. 386-398; Hope, S., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Does financial hardship account for elevated psychological distress in lone mothers? (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 1637-1649; Howe, L.K., (1973), Women in the workplace. Humanist September/ October, 21-25; Hunt, K., Annandale, E., Just the job? Is the relationship between health and domestic and paid work gender specific? (1993) Sociology of Health and Illness, 15, pp. 632-664; Karasek, R.A., Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: Implications for job redesign (1979) Administration Science Quarterly, 24, pp. 285-308; Karasek, R.A., Theorell, T., (1990), Healthy Work. Basic Books: New York; Kohn, M.L., Naoi, A., Schoenbach, C., Schooler, C., Slomczynski, K.M., Position in the class-structure and psychological functioning in the United-States, Japan, and Poland (1990) American Journal of Sociology, 95, pp. 964-1008; Koskinen, S., Martelin, T., Why are socioeconomic mortality differences smaller among women than among men? (1994) Social Science and Medicine, 38, pp. 1385-1396; LaRocco, J.M., House, J.S., French J.R., Jr., Social support, occupational stress, and health (1980) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, pp. 202-218; Loscocco, K.A., Spitze, G., Working conditions, social support, and the well-being of female and male factory workers (1990) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, pp. 313-327; Macintyre, S., The Black report and beyond: What are the issues? (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 44, pp. 723-745; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Social Science and Medicine, 45, pp. 761-771; Marmot, M.G., Davey-Smith, G., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., White, I., Feeney, A., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; Martikainen, P., Women's employment, marriage, motherhood and mortality; a test of the multiple role and role accumulation hypotheses (1995) Social Science and Medicine, 40, pp. 199-212; Martikainen, P., Stansfeld, S., Hemingway, H., Marmot, M., Determinants of socioeconomic differences in change in physical and mental functioning (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 499-507; Matthews, S., Hertzman, C., Ostry, A., Power, C., Gender, work roles and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46, pp. 1417-1424; Matthews, S., Stansfeld, S., Power, C., Social support at age 33: The influence of gender, employment status and social class (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 133-142; Maughan, B., McCarthy, G., Childhood adversities and psychosocial disorders (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 156-169; Menaghan, E.G., Role changes and psychological well-being: Variations in effects by gender and role repertoire (1989) Social Forces, 67, pp. 693-714; Ostergren, P.O., Lindbladh, E., Isacsson, S.O., Odeberg, H., Svensson, S.E., Social network, social support and the concept of control - A qualitative study concerning the validity of certain stressor measures used in quantitative social epidemiology (1995) Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, 23, pp. 95-102; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Power, C., Stansfeld, S.A., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Hope, S., Childhood and adulthood risk factors for socio-economic differentials in psychological distress (2000), (Submitted); Rodgers, B., Mann, S.L., Re-thinking the analysis of intergenerational social mobility: A comment on John W. Fox's 'Social class, mental illness, and social mobility' (1993) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, pp. 165-172; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; Ross, C.E., Mirowsky, J., Households, employment and the sense of control (1992) Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, pp. 217-235; Sieber, S.D., Toward a theory of role accumulation (1974) American Sociological Review, 39, pp. 567-578; Sogaard, A.J., Kritz-Silverstein, D., Wingard, D.L., Finnmark Heart Study: Employment status and parenthood as predictors of psychological health in women, 20-49 years (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 23, pp. 82-90; Stansfeld, S.A., Head, J., Marmot, M.G., Explaining social class differences in depression and well being (1998) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, pp. 1-9; Stansfeld, S.A., Fuhrer, R., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: Prospective results from the Whitehall II Study (1999) Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56, pp. 302-307; Surtees, P.G., Dean, C., Ingham, J.G., Kreitman, N.B., McMiller, P.C., Sashidharan, S.P., Psychiatric disorder in women from an Edinburgh community: Associations with demographic factors (1983) British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, pp. 238-246; Thoits, P.A., Multiple identities and psychological well-being: A reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis (1983) American Sociological Review, 48, pp. 174-187. , April; Valkonen, T., Adult mortality and level of education: A comparison of six countries (1989), pp. 142-160. , In Health Inequalities in European Countries (ed. J. Fox) Gower: Aldershot; Waldron, I., Jacobs, J.A., Effects of labor force participation on women's health: New evidence from a longitudinal study (1988) Journal of Occupational Medicine, 30, pp. 977-983; Warr, P., Parry, G., Paid employment and women's psychological well-being (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 91, pp. 498-516; Weich, S., Sloggett, A., Lewis, G., Social roles and gender difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, pp. 489-493; Williams, K.J., Suls, J., Alliger, G.M., Learner, S.M., Wan, C.K., Multiple role juggling and daily mood states in working mothers: An experience sampling study (1991) Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, pp. 664-674 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035003460&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291701003683&partnerID=40&md5=e225aafb537ea829e5b6c0972ade4bd2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relation between headache in childhood and physical and psychiatric symptoms in adulthood: National birth cohort study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 322 IS - 7295 SP - 1145 EP - 1148 PY - 2001 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Fearon, P. AU - Hotopf, M. AD - Institute of Psychiatry, Guy's, King's and St Thomas's School of Medicine, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To elucidate the associations between frequent headache and psychosocial factors in childhood and to determine whether such children are at an increased risk of headache, multiple physical symptoms, and psychiatric symptoms in adulthood. Design: Population based birth cohort study. Setting: General population. Participants: People participating in the national child development study, a population based birth cohort study established in 1958. Main outcome measures: Headache, multiple physical symptoms, and psychiatric morbidity at age 33. Results: Headache in childhood was associated with several psychosocial factors. Prospectively, children with frequent headache had an increased risk in adulthood of headache (odds ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.62 to 3.06), multiple physical symptoms (1.75, 1.46 to 2.10), and psychiatric morbidity (1.41, 1.20 to 1.66). The outcomes of headache and multiple physical symptoms were not accounted for by psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: Children with headache are at an increased risk of recurring headache in adulthood and may complain of other physical and psychiatric symptoms. Strategies for coping with psychosocial adversity in childhood may improve the prognosis in adulthood. KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - article KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - coping behavior KW - divorce KW - follow up KW - headache KW - human KW - mental disease KW - morbidity KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - risk KW - social psychology KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Headache KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Mental Disorders KW - Prevalence KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Recurrence KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :159 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 11348907 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fearon, P.; Institute of Psychiatry, Guy's, King's/St Thomas's Sch. Med., London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; email: p.fearon@iop.kcl.ac.uk N1 - References: Egermark-Eriksson, I., Prevalence of headache in Swedish schoolchildren. A questionnaire survey (1982) Acta Paediatr, 71, pp. 135-140; Waters, W.E., Community sudies of the prevalence of headache (1970) Headache, 9, pp. 178-186; Larsson, B.S., Somatic complaints and their relationship to depressive symptoms in Swedish adolescents (1991) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 32, pp. 821-832; Passchier, J., Orlebeke, J.F., Headaches and stress in schoolchildren: An epidemiological study (1985) Cephalgia, 5, pp. 167-176; Zuckerman, B., Stevenson, J., Bailey, V., Stomachaches and headaches in a community sample of preschool children (1987) Pediatrics, 79, pp. 677-682; Andrasik, F., Kabela, E., Quinn, S., Attanasio, V., Blanchard, E.B., Rosenblum, E.L., Psychological functioning of children who have recurrent migraine (1988) Pain, 34, pp. 43-52; Cunningham, S.J., McGrath, P.J., Ferguson, H.B., D'Astous, J.D., Latter, J., Goodman, J.T., Personality and behavioural characteristics in pediatric migraine (1987) Headache, 27, pp. 16-20; Egger, H.L., Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Headaches and psychopathology in children and adolescents (1998) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 37 (9), pp. 951-958; Carlsson, J., Prevalence of headache in schoolchildren: Relation to family and school factors (1996) Acta Paediatr, 85, pp. 692-696; Sillanpaa, M., Piekkala, P., Kero, P., Prevalence of headache in preschool age in an unselected child population (1991) Cephalgia, 11, pp. 239-242; Oster, J., Recurrent abdominal pain, headaches and limb pains in children and adolescents (1972) Pediatrics, 50, pp. 429-436; Borge, A.I.H., Nordhagen, R., Moe, B., Botten, G., Bakketeig, L.S., Prevalence and persistence of stomach ache and headache among children. Follow-up of a cohort of Norwegian children from 4 to 10 years of age (1994) Acta Paediatr, 83, pp. 433-437; Hotopf, M., Carr, S., Mayou, R., Wadsworth, M., Wessely, S., Why do children have chronic abdominal pain, and what happens to them when they grow up? Population based cohort study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1196-1200; Wessely, S., Nimnuan, C., Sharpe, M., Functional somatic syndromes: One or many? (1999) Lancet, 354, pp. 936-939; Bille, B., Migraine in childhood and its prognosis (1981) Cephalgia, 1, pp. 71-75; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children, , London: University of London Press; Escobar, J.I., Golding, J.M., Hough, R.I., Karno, M., Burman, M.A., Wells, K.B., Somatisation in the community: Relationship to disability and use of services (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 837-840; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longmans; Sillanpaa, M., Anttila, P., Increasing prevalence of headache in 7-year-old schoolchildren (1996) Headache, 36 (8), pp. 466-470 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035849348&partnerID=40&md5=fb5936df454511256142d7982ccbd04f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Links between pediatric and adult asthma T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology J2 - J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. VL - 107 IS - 5 SP - S449 EP - S455 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1067/mai.2001.114993 SN - 00916749 (ISSN) AU - Martinez, F.D. AD - Respiratory Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States AD - 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, United States AB - Connections between events occurring in early life with adult asthma suggest that both the altered regulation of airway caliber and tone and the changes in airway structure present in many asthma cases may have their roots in developmental patterns established during infancy and childhood. The Melbourne epidemiologic study, the British 1958 birth cohort, and the Tasmanian asthma survey all provide important information on the outcomes of childhood asthma in later life. Among the findings, these studies showed that in a large proportion of asthmatic children, asthma remits in early adulthood, and the severity of asthma tracks significantly with age. Newer longitudinal studies have measured lung function shortly after birth, before any respiratory symptoms have occurred. Several lines of evidence suggest that those children who will go on to have more severe and persistent asthma symptoms already have immune responses skewed toward the T-helper type 2 (TH2) at the time of the very first episodes of airway obstruction in infancy. In most children whose asthma is triggered mainly by respiratory infections, asthma symptoms appear to remit by the adolescent years. Congenital and acquired deficits in lung function, however, may lead to recurrence of these symptoms during adult life and after long periods of remission, especially among active smokers. KW - Airway obstruction KW - Asthma birth cohorts KW - Atopy KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Pediatric asthma KW - Persistent wheezers KW - age KW - airway obstruction KW - article KW - asthma KW - childhood disease KW - clinical feature KW - disease course KW - disease severity KW - human KW - immune response KW - lung function KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - quality of life KW - remission KW - smoking habit KW - Th2 cell KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Child KW - Chronic Disease KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Recurrence KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Respiratory Tract Infections KW - Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JACIB C2 - 11344374 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Martinez, F.D.1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States N1 - References: Phelan, P.D., Olinsky, A., Oswald, H., Asthma: Classification, clinical patterns and natural history (1995) Clinical Paediatrics, pp. 307-318. , Phelan PD, editor. London: Bailliere Tindall; Burrows, B., Knudson, R.J., Cline, M.G., Lebowitz, M.D., A reexamination of risk factors for ventilatory impairment (1988) Am Rev Respir Dis, 138, pp. 829-836; Martinez, F.D., Maturation of immune responses at the beginning of asthma (1999) Allergy Clin Immunol, 130, pp. 355-361; Pedersen, S., Silverman, M., Martinez, F., The background to early intervention. Childhood asthma (1998) Eur Respir J, 27, pp. 1s-2s; Expert panel report 2: Clinical practice guidelines (1997) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, , Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; July. NIH Publication No. 98-4051; Oswald, H., Phelan, P.D., Lanigan, A., Hibbert, M., Bowes, G., Olinsky, A., Outcome of childhood asthma in mid-adult life (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 95-96; Strachan, D.P., Butland, B.K., Anderson, H.R., Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1195-1199; Jenkins, M.A., Hopper, J.L., Bowes, G., Carlin, J.B., Flander, L.B., Giles, G.G., Factors in childhood as predictors of asthma in adult life (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 90-93; Oswald, H., Phelan, P.D., Lanigan, A., Hibbert, M., Carlin, J.B., Bowes, G., Childhood asthma and lung function in mid-adult life (1997) Pediatr Pulmonol, 23, pp. 14-20; Grol, M.H., Gerritsen, J., Vonk, J.M., Schouten, J.P., Koeter, G.H., Rijcken, B., Risk factors for growth and decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals up to age 42 years. A 30-year follow-up study (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160, pp. 1830-1837; Gerritsen, J., Koeter, G.H., Postma, D.S., Schouten, J.P., Knol, K., Prognosis of asthma from childhood to adulthood (1989) Am Rev Respir Dis, 140, pp. 1325-1330; Matinez, F.D., Wright, A.L., Taussig, L.M., Holberg, C.J., Halonen, M., Morgan, W.J., Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 133-138. , The Group Health Medical Associates; Young, S., Arnott, J., O'Keeffe, P.T., Le Souef, P.N., Landau, L.I., The association between early life lung function and wheezing during the first 2 yrs of life (2000) Eur Respir J, 15, pp. 151-157; Dezateux, C., Stocks, J., Dundas, I., Fletcher, M.E., Impaired airway function and wheezing in infancy: The influence of maternal smoking and a genitic predisposition to asthma (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159, pp. 403-410; Yunginger, J.W., Reed, C.E., O'Connell, E.J., Melton L.J. III, O'Fallon, W.M., Silverstein, M.D., A community-based study of epidemiology of asthma. Incidence rates, 1964-1983 (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis, 146, pp. 888-894; Martinez, F.D., Stern, D.A., Wright, A.L., Taussig, L.M., Halonen, M., Differential immune responses to acute lower respiratory illness in early life by subsequent development of persistent wheezing and asthma (1998) Allergy Clin Immunol, 102, pp. 915-920; Welliver, R.C., Wong, D.T., Sun, M., Middleton E., Jr., Vaughan, R.S., Ogra, P.L., The development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE and release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions after infection (1981) N Engl J Med, 305, pp. 841-846; Koller, D.Y., Wojnarowski, C., Herkner, K.R., Weinlander, G., Raderer, M., Eichler, I., High levels of eosinophil cationic protein in wheezing infants predict the development of asthma (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 99, pp. 752-756; Samet, J.M., Tager, I.B., Speizer, F.E., The relationship between respiratory illness in childhood and chronic air-flow obstruction in adulthood (1983) Am Rev Respir Dis, 127, pp. 508-523; Silverman, M., Wilson, N., Wheezing phenotypes in childhood (1997) Thorax, 52, pp. 936-937; Wright, A.L., Taussig, L.M., Ray, C.G., Harrison, H.R., Holberg, C.J., The Tucson Children's Respiratory Study. II. Lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 1232-1246; Castro-Rodriguez, J.A., Holberg, C.J., Wright, A.L., Halonen, M., Taussig, L.M., Morgan, W.J., Association of radiologically ascertained pneumonia before age 3 yr with asthmalike symptoms and pulmonary function during childhood: A prospective study (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159, pp. 1891-1897; Stein, R.T., Sherrill, D., Morgan, W.J., Holberg, C.J., Halonen, M., Taussig, L.M., Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years (1999) Lancet, 354, pp. 541-545; Taussig, L.M., Wright, A.L., Morgan, W.J., Harrison, H.R., Ray, C.G., The Tucson Children's Respiratory Study. I. Design and implementation of a prospective study of acute and chronic respiratory illness in children (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 1219-1231; Sims, D.G., Gardner, P.S., Weightman, D., Turner, M.W., Soothill, J.F., Atopy does not predispose to RSV bronchiolitis or postbronchiolitic sneezing (1981) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 282, pp. 2086-2088; Pullen, C., Hey, E., Wheezing, asthma, and pulmonary dysfunction 10 years after infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infancy (1982) BMJ, 5, pp. 1665-1669; Sigurs, N., Bjarnason, R., Sigurbergsson, F., Kjellman, B., Jborksten, B., Asthma and immunoglobulin E antibodies after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: A prospective cohert study with matched controls (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 500-505; Camilli, A.E., Holberg, C.J., Wright, A.L., Taussig, L.M., Parental childhood respiratory illness and respiratory illness in their infants (1993) Pediatr Pulmonol, 16, pp. 275-280. , Group Health Medical Associates; Hanrahan, J.P., Tager, I.B., Segal, M.R., Tosteson, T.D., Castile, R.G., Van Vunakis, H., The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on early infant lung function (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis, 145, pp. 1129-1135; Young, S., Sherrill, D.L., Arnott, J., Diepeveen, D., LeSouef, P.N., Landau, L.I., Parental factors affecting respiratory function during the first year of life (2000) Pediatr Pulmonol, 29, pp. 331-340; Gilliland, F.D., Berhane, K., McConnell, R., Gauderman, W.J., Vora, H., Rappaport, E.B., Maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood lung function (2000) Thorax, 55, pp. 271-276; Stein, R.T., Holberg, C.J., Sherrill, D., Wright, A.L., Morgan, W.J., Taussig, L.M., Influence of parental smoking on respiratory symptoms during the first decade of life: The Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 1030-1037; Takeuchi, R., Tsutsumi, H., Osaki, M., Sone, S., Imai, S., Ciba, S., Respiratory syncytial virus infection of neonatal monocytes stimulates synthesis of interferon regulatory factor 1 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-converting enzyme and secretion of IL-1 beta (1998) J Virol, 72, pp. 837-840; Takeuchi, R., Tsutsumi, H., Osaki, M., Haseyama, K., Mizue, N., Chiba, S., Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human alveolar epithelial calls enhances interferon regulatory factor 1 and interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme gene expression but does not cause apoptosis (1998) J Virol, 72, pp. 4498-4502; Bont, L., Heijnen, C.J., Kavelaars, A., Van Aalderen, W.M., Brus, F., Draaisma, J.T., Monocyte IL-10 production during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is associated with recurrent wheezing in a one-year follow-up study (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161, pp. 1518-1523; Karp, C.L., Wysocka, M., Wahl, L.M., Ahearn, J.M., Cuomo, P.J., Sheery, B., Mechanism of suppression of cell-mediated immunity by measles virus (1996) Science, 273, pp. 228-231. , Published erratum appears in science 1997;275:1053; Terrazzano, G., Romano, M.F., Turco, M.C., Salzano, S., Ottaiano, A., Venuta, S., HLA class I antigen downregulation by interleukin (IL)-10 is predominantly governed by NK-kappaB in the short term and by TAP1+2 in the long term (2000) Tissue Antigens, 55, pp. 326-332; Larsen, G.L., Colasurdo, G.N., Neural control mechanisms within airways: Disruption by respiratory syncytial virus (1999) J Pediatr, 135, pp. 21-27; Makela, M.J., Kanehiro, A., Borish, L., Dakhama, A., Loader, J., Joetham, A., IL-10 is necessary for the expression of airway hyperresponsiveness but not pulmonary inflammation after allergic sensitization (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, pp. 6007-6012; Bonfield, T.L., Konstan, M.W., Burfeind, P., Panuska, J.R., Hilliard, J.B., Berger, M., Normal bronchial epithelial cells constitutively produce the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, which is downregulated in cystic fibrosis (1995) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 13, pp. 257-261; Panuska, J.R., Merolla, R., Rebert, N.A., Hoffmann, S.P., Tsivitse, P., Cirino, N.M., Respiratory syncytial virus induces interleukin-10 by human alveolar macrophages. Suppression of early cytokine production and implications for incomplete immunity (1995) J Clin Invest, 96, pp. 2445-2453 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035021911&doi=10.1067%2fmai.2001.114993&partnerID=40&md5=8c2ff91da0b3c8c2e4cb4c066c983e19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - BMI rebound, childhood height and obesity among adults: The Bogalusa heart study T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 543 EP - 549 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801581 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Freedman, D.S. AU - Kettel Khan, L. AU - Serdula, M.K. AU - Srinivasan, S.R. AU - Berenson, G.S. AD - Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States AD - Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States AB - OBJECTIVE: The beginning of the post-infancy rise in the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) has been termed the adiposity rebound, and several studies have found that an early rebound increases the risk for overweight in adulthood. We examined whether this relation is independent of childhood BMI levels. DESIGN: A longitudinal study of 105 subjects who examined at ages 5, 6, 7, 8 and 19-23 y. RESULTS: Subjects with an age at the BMI rebound (agemin of ≤ 5y were, on average, 4-5 kg/m2 heavier in early adulthood than were subjects whose agemin was ≤ 7y. Agemin, however, was also correlated with childhood BMI levels (r∼-0.5), and we found that ageing, provided no additional information on adult overweight if the BMI level at age 7 y (or 8 y) was known. In contrast, childhood height, which was also correlated with agemin (r= -0.47), was independently related to adult BMI. Among relatively heavy (BMI= 16.0 kg/m2 5-y-olds, a child with a height of 120cm was estimated to be 1.2kg/m2 heavier in adulthood than would a 104 cm tall child. CONCLUSIONS: Although an early BMI rebound was related to higher levels of relative weight in adulthood, this association was not independent of childhood BMI levels. The relation of childhood height to adult BMI needs to confirmed in other cohorts, but it is possible that childhood height may help identify children who are likely to become overweight adults. KW - Adiposity rebound KW - Body mass index KW - Children KW - Height KW - Longitudinal study KW - Obesity KW - Weight KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child KW - childhood KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - obesity KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - risk KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Skinfold Thickness N1 - Cited By :83 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 11319660 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Freedman, D.S.4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, United States; email: DFreedman@Cdc.gov N1 - References: Johnson, F.E., Health implications of childhood obesity (1985) Ann Intern Med, 103 (6 PART 2), pp. 1068-1072; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; Cole, T.J., Weight-stature indices to measure underweight, over-weight, and obesity (1991) Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status, pp. 83-111. , Himes JH (ed). Wiley-Liss: New York; Dietz, W.H., Bellizzi, M.C., Introduction: The use of body mass index to assess obesity in children (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (SUPPL.), pp. 123S-125S; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Adiposity rebound in children: A simple indicator for predicting obesity (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 39, pp. 129-135; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Avons, P., Patois, E., Sempe, M., Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 219-229; Siervogal, R.M., Roche, A.F., Guo, S.M., Mukhergee, D., Chumlea, W.C., Patterns of change in weight/stature2 from 2 to 18 y: Findings from the long-term serial data for children in the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study (1991) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 479-485; Prokopee, M., Bellisle, E., Adiposity in Czech children followed from 1 month of age to adulthood: Analysis of individual BMI patterns (1993) Ann Hum Biol, 20, pp. 517-525; Whitaker, R.C., Pepe, M.S., Wright, J.A., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Early adiposity rebound and the risk of adult obesity (1998) Pediatrics, 101; Williams, S., Davie, G., Lam, E., Predicting BMI in young adults from childhood data using two approaches to modelling adiposity rebound (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 348-354; Dietz, W.H., Periods of risk in childhood for the development of adult obesity - What do we need to learn? (1997) J Nutr, 27 (SUPPL.), pp. 1884S-1886S; Berenson, G.S., (1980) Cardiovascular risk factors in children, pp. 240-257. , Oxford University Press: New York; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R.A., Williamson, D.F., Berenson, G.S., Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 420-425; Cleveland, W.S., (1985) The elements of graphing data, pp. 167-178. , Wadsworth Inc: Monterey, Ca; Frisancho, A.R., (1990) Anthropometric standards for the assessment of growth and nutritional statas, , University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, MI; Roche, A.F., The adipocyte-number hypothesis (1981) Child Dev, 52, pp. 31-43; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 955-959; Freeman, J.V., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Weight-for-height indices of adiposity: Relationships with height in childhood and early adult life (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 970-976; Flegal, K.M., Curve smoothing and transformations in the development of growth curves (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (SUPPL.), pp. 163s-165s; Franklin, M.F., Comparison of weight and height relations in boys from 4 countries (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (SUPPL.), pp. 157S-162S; Freedman, D.S., Kettel-Khan, L., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Black/ white differences in relative weight and obesity among girls: The Bogalusa Heart Study (2000) Prey Med, 30, pp. 234-243; Fomon, S.J., Haschke, F., Ziegler, E.E., Nelson, S.E., Body composition of reference children from birth to age 10 y (1982) Am J Clin Nutr, 35, pp. 1169-1175; Garn, S.M., Leonard, W.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Three limitations of the body mass index (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 996-997; Moisan, J., Meyer, F., Gingras, S., A nested case-control study of the correlates of early menarche (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 953-961; St George, I.M., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Body size and the menarche: The Dunedin Study (1994) J Adolesc Health, 15, pp. 573-576; Koprowski, C., Ross, R.K., Mack, W.J., Henderson, B.E., Bernstein, L., Diet, body size and menarche in a multiethnic cohort (1999) Br J Cancer, 79, pp. 1907-1911; Voors, A.W., Harsha, D.W., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Obesity and external sexual maturation - The Bogalusa Hearth Study (1981) Prev Med, 10, pp. 50-61; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adult life in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Sinaiko, A.R., Donahue, R.P., Jacobs D.R., Jr., Prineas, R.J., Relation of weight and rate of increase in weight during childhood and adolescence to body size, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and lipids in young adults. The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study (1999) Circulation, 99, pp. 1471-1476; Rolland-Cachera, M.E., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Pequignot-Guggenbuhl, F., Fautrad, V., Adiposity indices in children (1982) Am J Clin Nutr, 36, pp. 178-184 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035068277&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0801581&partnerID=40&md5=06bd058c74820dc0c8d6a2f58c08ee54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social class difference in catch up growth in a national British cohort T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 84 IS - 3 SP - 218 EP - 221 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1136/adc.84.3.218 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Teranishi, H. AU - Nakagawa, H. AU - Marmot, M. AD - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan AD - Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom AB - Aim - To examine the influence of socioeconomic status on growth pattern in height from age 7 to 23 years. Methods - Prospective cohort study. A total of 10 200 white singleton born children from the 1958 British birth cohort (National Child Development Study) were analysed. Results - Differences in height by birth weight persisted throughout the follow up period. However, the mean differences in height between low birth weight infants (<2500 g) and adequate birth weight infants (≥2500 g) were less notable in social classes I and II than in the lower social classes. The catching up of growth in height of low birth weight infants was also more pronounced in social classes I and II than in other social classes. That is, the mean height deficits of low birth weight infants were decreased from 2.9 cm at age 7, to 1.6 cm at age 16, and 2.5 cm at age 23; the significant difference disappeared after age 16 in social classes I and II. Although such improving tendency was more pronounced among the pre-term born infants, a similar growth pattern was observed among the term infants. Such improvement was not observed in the other social classes. Conclusion - The growth retardation in height by birth weight can be overcome by improved social conditions and proper health care from childhood to adulthood. KW - Height KW - Longitudinal study KW - Low birth weight KW - Social environment KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - child KW - female KW - growth retardation KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Growth Disorders KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :30 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 11207167 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Teranishi, H.; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Med./Pharmaceutical Univ., Toyama 930-0194, Japan; email: hiterani@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp N1 - References: (1978) Report on social and biological effects on perinatal mortality, , Budapest: WHO Statistical Publishing House; Illingworth, R.S., Harvey, C.C., Gin, S.-Y., Relation of birth weight to physical development in childhood (1949) Lancet, 2, pp. 598-602; Babson, S.G., Growth of low-birth-weight infants (1970) J Pediatr, 77, pp. 11-18; Peck, R.E., Mark, J.S., Dibley, M.J., Birth weight and subsequent growth among Navajo children (1987) Public Health Rep, 102, pp. 500-507; Strauss, R.S., Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age: Twenty-six-year follow-up of the 1970 British birth cohort (2000) JAMA, 283, pp. 625-632; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Birth weight and length as predictors for adult height (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 726-729; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequality in death-specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Miller, F.J.W., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle-upon-Tyne children (1972) Br J Prev Soc Med, 26, pp. 224-230; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - Results from the national child development study (1971) Ann Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Quarterly Journal of Social Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Davies, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven: A report of the National Children's Bureau, , London: Longman; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , London: Macmillan; (1960) Classification of occupations, , London: HMSO; Goldstein, H.R., Study of the response rates of 16-year-olds in the NCDS (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , Fogelman K, ed. London: Macmillan; Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The 20th century (1986) Human growth 3, pp. 283-305. , Falkner F, Tanner JM, eds. New York: Plenum Press; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at adolescence, 2nd edn., pp. 94-155. , Oxford: Blackwell; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Wannamethee, G., Height and social class in middle-aged British men (1988) J Epidemiol Community Health, 42, pp. 299-303; Douglas, J.W.B., Mogford, C., The results of a national inquiry into the growth of premature children from birth to 4 years (1953) Arch Dis Child, 28, pp. 436-445; Patta, M., Prineas, R.J., Berman, R., Hannan, P., Comparison of self-reported and measured height and weight (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 115, pp. 223-230; Stewart, A.L., The reliability and validity of self-reported weight and height (1982) J Chronic Dis, 35, pp. 295-309; Kromeyer, K., Hauspie, R.C., Susanne, C., Socioeconomic factors and growth during childhood and early adolescence in Jena children (1997) Ann Hum Biol, 24, pp. 343-353; Lindgren, G., Aurelius, G., Tanner, J., Healy, M., Socio-economic circumstances and the growth of Stockholm preschool children: The 1980 birth cohort (1994) Acta Paediatr, 83, pp. 1209-1211; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study of health and growth: Social and biological factors associated with height of children from ethnic groups living in England (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 453-471; Aizawa, R., Health problems of the low birth weight infants (1978) Sougou Eisei Koushueisei [A textbook of public health, pp. 942-948. , Fujiwara M, Watanabe G, eds. Tokyo: Nankoudou; Adia, L.S., Filipino children exhibit catch-up growth from age 2 to 12 years (1999) J Nutr, 129, pp. 1140-1148; Noguchi, T., Hoshiyama, K., Ii, H., A follow-up study of low birth weight infants in a regional population (1998) Journal of Health and Welfare Statistics (Japan), 45, pp. 35-39 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035087454&doi=10.1136%2fadc.84.3.218&partnerID=40&md5=59914bfb9007e05849f5f9b1aac5c6a7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teenage job aspirations and career attainment in adulthood: A 17-year follow-up study of teenagers who aspired to become scientists, health professionals, or engineers T2 - International Journal of Behavioral Development J2 - Int. J. Behav. Dev. VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 124 EP - 132 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1080/01650250042000186 SN - 01650254 (ISSN) AU - Schoon, I. AD - City University, Department of Psychology, Northampton Square, London E1V 0HB, United Kingdom AB - A longitudinal perspective was taken to investigate the predictive validity of teenage job aspirations, and the relative impact of individual and contextual factors on the formulation and realisation of career aspirations at age 16. The follow-up study of a nationally representative cohort of 7649 individuals born in the United Kingdom showed that teenage job aspirations predict specific occupational attainments in adulthood. Job aspirations expressed in adolescence differed between the sexes, and were related to parental education, teacher-ratings and self-ratings of ability, test scores in mathematics, and the school environment. Occupational attainment at age 33 was significantly related to the job aspirations expressed at age 16, but also to the belief in one's own ability, mathematical test performance, specific personality characteristics, as well as social background and gender. It is concluded that for the understanding of occupational development across the lifespan both individual and contextual factors have to be considered. KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - aptitude KW - article KW - birth KW - career KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - education KW - engineering KW - environment KW - examination KW - female KW - follow up KW - gender KW - health practitioner KW - human KW - lifespan KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - mathematics KW - motivation KW - occupation KW - parent KW - personality KW - prediction KW - school KW - science KW - self concept KW - sociology KW - teacher KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :82 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJBDD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; City University, Department of Psychology, Northampton Square, London E1V 0HB, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1992), American Association of University Women Educational Foundation (AAUW) How schools shortchange girls. Washington, DC: AAUW Educational Foundation; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967), The American occupational structure. New York: Wiley; Bloom, B.S., (1985), (Ed.) Developing talent in young people. New York: Ballantine; Bourdieu, P., (1988), Homus academicus. Cambridge: Polity; Brophy, J.E., Good, T., (1974), Teacher-student relationships: Causes and consequences. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Burgess, A., Co-education: The disadvantages for schoolgirls (1990) Gender and Education, 2, pp. 91-95; Butler, J.R., Occupational choice (1968), Science Policy Studies No. 2. London: Department of Education and Science; Colangelo, N., Assouline, S., Self-concept of gifted students: Patterns by self-concept domain, grade level, and gender (1995), pp. 66-74. , M.W. Katzko & F.J. Monks (Eds.), Nurturing talent. Individual needs and social ability. Assen: Van Gorcum; Colley, A., Psychology, Science and women (1995) Psychologist, 8, pp. 346-352; Cooper, H., Pygmalion grows up: A model for teacher expectations, communication and performance influence (1979) Reviews of Educational Research, 49, pp. 389-410; Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K., Whalen, S., (1993), Talented teenagers. The roots of success and failure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Dolliver, R.H., Strong vocational interest blank versus expressed vocational interests: A review (1969) Psychological Bulletin, 72, pp. 95-107; Eccles, J., Wigfield, A., Teacher expectations and student motivation (1985), pp. 185-220. , J.B. Dusek (Ed.), Teacher expectancies Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Eiduson, B.T., Beckman, L., (1973), (Eds.) Science as a career choice: Theoretical and empirical studies. New York: Basic Books; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1993), The constant flux. A study of class mobility in industrial societies. Oxford: Clarendon; Faulkner, J., Mixed-sex schooling and equal opportunities for girls: A contradiction in terms (1991) Research Papers in Education, 4, pp. 197-224; Finley, M.K., Teachers and tracking in a comprehensive high school (1984) Sociology of Education, 57, pp. 233-243; Fliess, J.L., (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, , (2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley; Fogelman, K., Growing up in Great Britain (1983), Papers from the National Child Development Study. London: Macmillan for the National Children's Bureau; Gagné, F., Learning about the nature of gifts and talents through peer and teacher nominations (1995), pp. 66-74. , M.W. Katzko & F.J. Mönks (Eds.), Nurturing talent. Individual needs and social ability Assen: Van Gorcum; Galton, F., (1874), English men of science. London: MacMillan; Getzels, J., Jackson, P., Family environment and cognitive style: A study of the sources of highly intelligent and of highly creative individuals (1961) American Sociological Review, 26, pp. 351-359; Goldstein, H., Some models for analysing longitudinal data on educational attainment (1979) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 142, pp. 407-442; Gonfredson, L.S., Circumscription and compromise: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations (1981) Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, pp. 545-579; Hansen, R.A., Neujahr, J., Career development of high school students talented in science (1976) Science Education, 60, pp. 453-462; Heyns, B., Social selection and stratification within school (1974) American Journal of Sociology, 79, pp. 1434-1451; Hoge, R.D., Cudmore, L., The use of teacher-judgement measures in the identification of gifted pupils (1986) Teaching and Teacher Education, 2, pp. 181-196; Holland, J.L., (1985) Making Vocational Choices, , (2nd ed.). Englewoods Cliffs: Prentice Hall; Holland, J.L., Gottfredson, G.D., Using a typology of persons and environments to explain careers: Some extensions and clarifications (1976) The Counseling Psychologist, 6, pp. 20-28; Holland, J.L., Gottfredson, G.D., Studies of the hexagonal model: An evaluation (or, The perils of stalking the perfect hexagon) (1992) Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 40, pp. 158-170; Holland, J.L., Gottfredson, G.D., Baker, H.G., Validity of vocational aspirations and interest inventories: Extended, replicated, and reinterpreted (1990) Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, pp. 337-342; Lawrie, B., Brown, R., Sex stereotypes, school-subject preferences and career aspirations as a function of single/mixed sex schooling and presence/absence of an opposite sex sibling (1992) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, pp. 132-138; Jepson, D.A., Occupational decision development over the high school years (1975) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 8, pp. 227-238; Marsh, C., Social class and occupation (1986), R. Burgess (Ed.), Key variables in social investigation. London: Routledge; Marsh, H.W., Effects of attending single sex and coeducational high schools on achievement, attitudes, behaviors and sex differences (1989) Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, pp. 70-85; Marsh, H.W., Content specificity of relations between academic achievement and academic self-concept (1992) Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, pp. 35-42; McClelland, D.C., (1975), Power: The inner experience. New York: Wiley; McEwen, A., Knipe, D., Gallagher, T., The impact of single-sex and coeducational schooling on participation and achievement in science: A 10-year perspective (1997) Research in Science and Technological Education, 15, pp. 223-233; McLaughlin, D.H., Tiedeman, D.V., Eleven-year career stability and change as reflected in the Project Talent data through the Flanagan, Holland, and Roe occupational classification systems (1974) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 5, pp. 177-196; (1994), NRC (National Research Council) Women scientists and engineers employed in industry: Why so few? Washington, DC: NRC; (1992), NSF (National Science Foundation) Women and minorities in science and engineering, (NSF 92-303). Washington, DC. NSF; Noeth, R.J., Prediger, D.J., Career development over the high school years (1978) Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 27, pp. 244-254; Norusis, M.J., (1990), SPSS/PC+ Advanced Statistics 4.0. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc; Oden, M., A 40-year follow-up of giftedness: Fulfillment and unfulfillment (1968) Genetic Psychological Monographs, 77, pp. 3-93; O'Donnell, J., Andersen, D.G., Decision factors among women talented in math and science (1977) College Student Journal, 11, pp. 165-168; (1980), OPCS (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys) Classification of occupations. London: HMSO; (1990), OPCS (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys), and Employment Department Group. Standard classification of occupations (SOC). London: HSMO; Parsons, J.E., Kaczala, C.M., Meece, J.I., Socialization of achievement attitudes and beliefs: Classroom influences (1982) Child Development, 53, pp. 322-339; Parsons, T., The school as a social system: Some of its functions in American society (1959) Harvard Educational Review, 29, pp. 297-318; Phipps, B.J., Career dreams of preadolescent students (1995) Journal of Career Development, 22, pp. 19-32; Roberts, K., The sociology of work entry and occupational choice (1981), pp. 279-299. , A.G. Watts, D.E. Super, & J.M. Kidd (Eds.), Career development in Britain Cambridge, UK: CRAC/Hobsons; Roe, A., (1952), The making of a scientist. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co; Roe, A., Early background of eminent scientists (1953) Psychological Monographs, 67, pp. 27-54; Rosser, S., (1990), Female-friendly science. New York: Pergamon; Rosser, S., Female-friendly science: Including women in curricular content and pedagogy in science (1993) Journal of General Education, 42, pp. 191-220; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Schulenberg, J., Vondracek, F.W., Crouter, A.C., The influence of the family on vocational development (1984) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 10, pp. 129-143; Sewell, W.H., Haller, A.O., Ohlendorf, G.W., The educational and early occupational status attainment process: Replication and revision (1970) American Sociological Review, 35, pp. 1014-1027; Sewell, W.H., Shah, V.P., Social class, parental encouragement, and educational aspirations (1968) American Journal of Sociology, 73, pp. 559-572; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993), pp. 184-188. , Ferri, E. (Ed.), Life at 33. The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Shepherd, P., (1995), The National Child Development Study. An introduction, its origins and the methods of data collection, (Working Paper No. 1.) London: SSRU, City University; Simonton, D.K., (1988), Scientific genius: A psychology of science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Spring, J., (1976), The sorting machine. New York: David McKay; Stables, A., Differences between pupils from mixed and single sex schools in their enjoyment of school subjects and in their attitudes to science and school (1990) Educational Review, 42, pp. 221-230; Steedman, J., Examination results in mixed and single sex schools: Findings from the national child development study (1983), (Equal Opportunities Commission); Steinkamp, M.W., Maehr, M.L., Affect, ability and science achievement: A quantitative synthesis of correlational research (1983) Review of Educational Research, 53, pp. 369-396; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children, , (3rd ed.) London: University of London Press; Super, D.E., A theory of vocational development (1953) American Psychologist, 8, pp. 185-190; Super, D.E., A life span, life space approach to career development (1980) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, pp. 282-298; Super, D.E., Starishevsky, R., Matlin, N., Jordaan, J.P., (1963), Career development: A self-concept theory. New York: College Entrance Examination Board; (1994), The rising tide. A report on women in science, engineering and technology London: HSMO; Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Little, T.D., Predicting educational attainment, occupational achievement, intellectual skill, and personal adjustment among gifted men and women (1990) Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, pp. 442-455; Trost, G., Prediction of excellence in school, university and work (1993), pp. 325-336. , K.A. Heller, F.J. Mönks, & A.H. Passow, (Eds.) International handbook of research and development of giftedness and talent Oxford, UK: Pergamon; Trost, G., Sieglen, J., Biographische Frühindikatoren herausragender beruflicher Leistungen (1992), pp. 95-104. , E.A. Hany, & H. Nickel, (Eds.), Begabung und Hochbegabung Bern: Huber; Trice, A.D., McClellan, N., Do children's career aspirations predict adult occupations? An answer from a secondary analysis of a longitudinal study (1993) Psychological Reports, 72, pp. 368-370; Trice, A.D., Hughes, M.A., Odom, C., Woods, K., McClellan, N.C., The origins of children's career aspirations: IV. Testing hypotheses from four theories (1995) The Career Development Quarterly, 43, pp. 307-320; Tuckham, B.W., An age-graded model for career development education (1974) Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 4, pp. 193-212; Vondracek, F., Career development: A lifespan perspective (1998) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, pp. 1-6; Vondraceck, F.W., Lerner, R.M., Schulenberg, J.E., (1986), Career development: A life-span developmental approach. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Weinreich-Haste, H., What sex is science? (1979), O. Harnett, G. Boden, & M. Fuller (Eds.), Women: Sex role stereotyping. London: Tavistock; Whitney, D.R., Predicting from expressed vocational choices: A review (1969) Personnel and Guidance Journal, 48, pp. 279-286; Whyte, J., (1986), Girls into Science and Technology: the story of a project. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Wilson, G.D., Jackson, C., The personality of physicists (1994) Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 16, pp. 187-189; Zuckerman, H., (1977), Scientific elite. New York: Free PressUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035076293&doi=10.1080%2f01650250042000186&partnerID=40&md5=80830e420d11f7573d159a54287f1630 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical and psychological effects of injury: Data from the 1958 British birth cohort study T2 - European Journal of Public Health J2 - Eur. J. Public Health VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 84 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1093/eurpub/11.1.81 SN - 11011262 (ISSN) AU - Li, L. AU - Roberts, I. AU - Power, C. AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1 EH, United Kingdom AB - Background: There is only scant evidence for the long-term health effects of road traffic injuries. We therefore assessed the extent to which motor vehicle driver injuries influence limiting long-standing illness and psychological distress using data from a nationwide study (the 1958 British birth cohort) in early adulthood. Methods: Information was obtained on driver injuries occurring between ages 23 and 33 years and limiting illnesses and psychological distress at age 33 years. The risks of injury-related adverse consequences were derived using logistic regression and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A single injury was associated with limiting illness (OR=2.01 and 95% Cl: 1.38-2.94). The association between a single injury and psychological distress was strong for a recent injury occurring between ages 30 and 33 years (OR=1.86 and 95% Cl: 1.24-2.81), but not for injuries occurring earlier on. The population attributable fraction for limiting illness with one injury was 3.8% (range 1.7-5.3%) and with two or more injuries was 1.0% (range 0.5-1.3%). After controlling for potential confounding factors the corresponding figures were 4.2% (range 2.2-5.6%) and 1.1% (range 0.5-1.3%) respectively. Conclusions: Driver injuries are associated with a substantial increase in disability and, also in the short term, with increases in psychological distress. These results highlight the need for identifying effective strategies for the prevention of road traffic injuries as well as more effective approaches for rehabilitation of the injured. KW - Disability KW - Driver injury KW - Long-standing illness KW - Psychological distress KW - article KW - disease association KW - distress syndrome KW - follow up KW - motor vehicle KW - physical disability KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - psychosocial environment KW - traffic accident KW - Accidents, Traffic KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - State Medicine KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Wounds and Injuries N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJPHF C2 - 11276576 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Roberts, I.; Dept. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1992) Mortality statistics: cause (DH2), , London: HMSO; (1995) Transport statistics Great Britain, , London: HMSO; (1991) The health of the nation, , London: HMSO; Roberts, I., Hollis, S., Campbell, F., Yates, D., Declining injury rates for children and young adults: The contribution of hospital care (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1239-1241; Di Gallo, A., Parry-Jones, W., Psychological sequelae of road traffic accidents: An inadequately addressed problem (1996) Br J Psychiatr, 169, pp. 405-407; Barker, M., Power, C., Roberts, I., Injuries and the risk of disability in teenagers and young adults (1996) Arch Dis Child, 75, pp. 156-158; Mayou, R., Bryant, B., Duthie, R., Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 647-651; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , Longman: London; Di Gallo, A., Barton, J., Parry-Jones, W.L., Road traffic accidents: Early consequences in children and adolescents (1997) Br J Psychiatr, 170, pp. 358-362; Green, M.M., McFarlane, A.C., Hunter, C.E., Griggs, W.M., Undiagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents (1993) Med J Aust, 159, pp. 529-534; Murray, C.J.L., Lopez, A.D., (1996) The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035102485&doi=10.1093%2feurpub%2f11.1.81&partnerID=40&md5=b418ec81cff0abb3d143083f01e2b12a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Self rated health and mortality: A long term prospective study in eastern Finland T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 55 IS - 4 SP - 227 EP - 232 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1136/jech.55.4.227 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Heistaro, S. AU - Jousilahti, P. AU - Lahelma, E. AU - Vartiainen, E. AU - Puska, P. AD - National Public Health Institute, Department of Health, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland AD - National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland AD - University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AB - Study objective - To assess the relation between self rated health and mortality over a period of 23 years, taking into account medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, and education at the beginning of the follow up. Design - A cohort of random population samples. The baseline studies included a self administered questionnaire and a health examination. Mortality data were collected from the national mortality register using personal identification numbers. Setting - The provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland. Participants - Random samples of working age people (n=21 302) from the population register. Main results - For self rated health, the age adjusted poor to good relative risk for all cause mortality was 2.36 (95% confidence intervals 2.10, 2.64) for men and 1.90 (1.63, 2.22) for women, and for cardiovascular mortality 2.29 (1.96, 2.68) for men and 2.34 (1.84, 2.96) for women. Adjusted for selected potentially fatal diseases from the subjects' medical histories, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and education, the corresponding relative risks for all cause mortality were 1.66 (1.47, 1.88) for men and 1.50 (1.26, 1.78) for women, and for cardiovascular mortality 1.54 (1.29, 1.82) for men and 1.63 (1.26, 2.10) for women. The association between self rated health and mortality attributable to external causes was fairly strong. Conclusions - Poor self rated health is a strong predictor of mortality, and the association is only partly explained by medical history, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and education. KW - cardiovascular disease KW - educational attainment KW - health status KW - mortality KW - self assessment KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cardiovascular risk KW - clinical trial KW - controlled clinical trial KW - controlled study KW - female KW - Finland KW - follow up KW - human KW - human cell KW - human tissue KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - prediction KW - randomized controlled trial KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - self concept KW - Adult KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Health Status KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mortality KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Self Disclosure KW - Finland N1 - Cited By :170 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 11238576 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Heistaro, S.; National Public Health Institute, Department of Health, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland; email: sami.heistaro@ktl.fi N1 - References: Krause, N.M., Jay, G.M., What do global self-rated health items measure? (1994) Med Care, 32, pp. 930-942; De Bruin, A., Picavet, H.S.J., Nossikov, A., (1996) Health interview surveys. Towards international harmonization of methods and instruments, , Copenhagen: WHO, Regional Publications, European Series No 58; Weinberger, M., Darnell, J.C., Tierney, W.M., Self-rated health as a predictor of hospital admission and nursing home placement in elderly public housing tenants (1986) Am J Public Health, 76, pp. 457-459; Miilunpalo, S., Vuori, I., Pasanen, M., Self-rated health status as a health measure: The predictive value of self-reported health status on the use of physician services and on mortality in the working-age population (1997) J Clin Epidemiol, 50, pp. 517-528; Mossey, J.M., Shapiro, E., Self-rated health: A predictor of mortality among the elderly (1982) Am J Public Health, 72, pp. 800-808; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of the Human Population Laboratory cohort (1983) Am J Epidemiol, 117, pp. 292-304; Idler, E.L., Kasl, S.V., Lemke, J.H., Self-evaluated health and mortality among the elderly in New Haven, Connecticut, and Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa, 1982-86 (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 131, pp. 91-103; Idler, E.L., Kasl, S., Health perceptions and survival: Do global evaluations of health status really predict mortality? (1991) J Gerontol, 46, pp. S55-S65; Grant, M.D., Piotrowski, Z.H., Chappell, R., Self-reported health and survival in the Longitudinal Study of Aging, 1984-1986 (1995) J Clin Epidemiol, 48, pp. 375-387; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessment of health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 239-245; Pijls, L.T.J., Feskens, E.J.M., Kromhout, D., Self-rated health, mortality, and chronic diseases in elderly men. The Zutphen Study, 1985-1990 (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 138, pp. 840-848; Appels, A., Bosma, H., Grabauskas, V., Self-rated health and mortality in a Lithuanian and a Dutch population (1996) Soc Sci Med, 42, pp. 681-689; Kaplan, G.A., Goldberg, D.E., Everson, S.A., Perceived health status and morbidity and mortality: Evidence from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (1996) Int J Epidemiol, 25, pp. 259-265; Sundqvist, J., Johansson, S.-E., Self reported poor health and low educational level predictors for mortality: A population based follow up study of 39 156 people in Sweden (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 35-40; McGee, D.L., Liao, Y., Cao, G., Self-reported health status and mortality in a multiethnic US cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 41-46; Hays, J.C., Schoenfeld, D., Blaser, D.G., Global self-ratings of health and mortality: Hazard in the North Carolina Piedmont (1996) J Clin Epidemiol, 49, pp. 969-979; Møller, L., Kristensen, T.S., Hollnagel, H., Self rated health as a predictor of coronary heart disease in Copenhagen, Denmark (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 423-428; Keys, A., (1970) Coronary heart disease in seven countries, , Monograph no 29. New York, NY: American Heart Association; Puska, P., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., Changes in premature deaths in Finland: Successful long-term prevention of cardiovascular diseases (1998) Bull World Health Organ, 76, pp. 419-425; Lundberg, O., Manderbacka, K., Assessing reliability of a measure of self-rated health (1996) Scand J Public Health, 24, pp. 218-224; Martikainen, P., Aromaa, A., Heliövaara, M., Reliability of perceived health by sex and age (1999) Soc Sci Med, 48, pp. 1117-1122; Manderbacka, K., Lahelma, E., Martikainen, P., Examining the continuity of self-rated health (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 208-213; (1989) SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6, 4th ed., , Cary NC: SAS Institute Inc; Idler, E.L., Benyamini, Y., Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 21-37; House, J.S., Kessler, R.C., Herzog, A.R., Age, socioeconomic status, and health (1990) Milbank Q, 68, pp. 383-411; Fylkesnes, K., Førde, O.H., The Tromsø study: Predictors of self-evaluated health - Has society adopted the expanded health concept? (1991) Soc Sci Med, 32, pp. 141-146; Heistaro, S., Vartiainen, E., Puska, P., Trends in self-rated health in Finland 1972-1992 (1996) Prev Med, 25, pp. 625-632; Goldstein, M.S., Siegel, J.M., Boyer, R., Predicting changes in perceived health status (1984) Am J Public Health, 74, pp. 611-614; Shadbolt, B., Some correlates of self-rated health for Australian women (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 951-956; Damian, J., Ruigomez, A., Pastor, V., Determinants of self assessed health among Spanish older people living at home (1999) J Epidemiol Community Health, 53, pp. 412-416; Heliövaara, M., Aromaa, A., Klaukka, T., Reliability and validity of interview data on chronic conditions (1993) J Clin Epidemiol, 46, pp. 181-191; Lawrence, W.F., Fryback, D.G., Martin, P.A., Health status and hypertension: A population-based study (1996) J Clin Epidemiol, 49, pp. 1239-1245; Kottke, T.E., Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., The relationship of symptoms and blood pressure in a population sample (1979) Int J Epidemiol, 8, pp. 355-359; Carmelli, D., Zhang, H., Swan, G.E., Obesity and 33-year follow-up for coronary heart disease and cancer mortality (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 378-383; Dorn, J.M., Schisterman, E.F., Winkelstein W., Jr., Body mass index and mortality in a general population sample of men and women. The Buffalo Health Study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 146, pp. 919-931; Bender, R., Traumer, C., Spraul, M., Assessment of excess mortality in obesity (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 42-48; Diehr, P., Bild, D.E., Harris, T.B., Body mass index and mortality in nonsmoking older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study (1998) Am J Public Health, 88, pp. 623-629; Manderbacka, K., Lundberg, O., Martikainen, P., Do risk factors and health behaviours contribute to self-ratings of health? (1999) Soc Sci Med, 48, pp. 1713-1720; Häkkinen, U., The production of health and the demand for health care in Finland (1991) Soc Sci Med, 33, pp. 225-237; Pekkanen, J., Tuomilehto, J., Uutela, A., Social class, health behaviour, and mortality among men and women in eastern Finland (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 589-593; Lundberg, O., Class and health: Comparing Britain and Sweden (1986) Soc Sci Med, 23, pp. 511-517; Vågerö, D., Lundberg, O., Health inequalities in Britain and Sweden (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 35-36; Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E., Karisto, A., Persisting health inequalities: Social class differentials in illness in the Scandinavian countries (1993) J Public Health Policy, 14, pp. 66-81; Lahelma, E., Manderbacka, K., Rahkonen, O., Comparisons of inequalities in health: Evidence from national surveys in Finland, Norway and Sweden (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 517-524; Osler, M., Klebak, S., Social differences in health in an affluent Danish county (1998) Scand J Soc Med, 26, pp. 289-292; Blaxter, M., Evidence of inequality in health from a national survey (1987) Lancet, 2, pp. 30-33; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552; Hemingway, H., Nicholson, A., Stafford, M., The impact of socioeconomic status on health functioning as assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire: The Whitehall II Study (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1484-1490; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Inequalities in mortality by social class measured at 3 stages of the lifecourse (1998) Am J Public Health, 88, pp. 471-474; O'Shea, E., Male mortality differentials by socioeconomic group in Ireland (1997) Soc Sci Med, 45, pp. 803-809; Helmert, U., Shea, S., Social inequalities and health status in Western Germany (1994) Public Health, 108, pp. 341-356; Geyer, S., Peter, R., Occupational status and all-cause mortality. A study with health insurance data from Nordrhein-Wesffalen, Germany (1999) Eur J Public Health, 9, pp. 114-118; Gijsbers van Wijk, C.M.T., Kolk, A.M., Van den Bosch, W.J.H.M., Male and female health problems in general practice: The differential impact of social position and social roles (1995) Soc Sci Med, 40, pp. 597-611; Sorlie, P.D., Backlund, E., Keller, J.B., US mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (1995) Am J Public Health, 85, pp. 949-956; Kaplan, G.A., Pamuk, E.R., Lynch, J.W., Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 999-1003; Barnett, E., Armstrong, D.L., Casper, M.L., Social class and premature mortality among men: A method for state-based surveillance (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1521-1525; Taylor, R., Quine, S., Lyle, D., Socioeconomic correlates of mortality and hospital morbidity differentials by Local Government Area in Sydney 1985-1988 (1992) Aust J Public Health, 16, pp. 305-314; Lawson, J.S., Black, D., Socioeconomic status: The prime indicator of premature death in Australia (1993) J Biosoc Sci, 25, pp. 539-552; Valkonen, T., Adult mortality and level of education: A comparison of six countries (1989) Health inequalities in European countries, pp. 142-160. , Fox AJ, ed. Aldershot: Gower; Winkleby, M.A., Jatulis, D.E., Frank, E., Socioeconomic status and health: How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 816-820; Lahelma, E., Rahkonen, O., Huuhka, M., Changes in the social patterning of health? The case of Finland (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 789-799; Ware, J.E., Standards for validating health measures: Definition and content (1987) J Chron Dis, 40, pp. 473-480; Litva, A., Eyles, J., Health or healthy: Why people are not sick in a southern Ontarian town (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 1083-1091; Smith, A.M.A., Shelley, J.M., Dennerstein, L., Self-rated health: Biological continuum or social discontinuity? (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 77-83; Angel, R., Gronfein, W., The use of subjective information in statistical models (1988) American Sociological Review, 53, pp. 464-473; Honeyman, P.T., Jacobs, E.A., Effects of culture on back pain in Australian aboriginals (1996) Spine, 21, pp. 841-843; Shetterly, S.M., Baxter, J., Mason, L.D., Self-rated health among Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white adults: The San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 1798-1801; Jylhä, M., Self-rated health revisited: Exploring survey interview episodes with elderly respondents (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 983-990; Kumpusalo, E., Pekkarinen, H., Neittaanmäki, L., Identification of health status dimensions in a working-age population. An exploratory study (1992) Med Care, 30, pp. 392-399 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035099909&doi=10.1136%2fjech.55.4.227&partnerID=40&md5=423eb6f929d70a41f6ec96f3767d0ab5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adolescent psychological problems, partnership transitions and adult mental health: An investigation of selection effects T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 291 EP - 305 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1017/S0033291701003403 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Maughan, B. AU - Taylor, A. AD - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom AD - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AB - Background. Marital status is a strong correlate of psychiatric morbidity in adulthood, but debate continues on how far this association reflects causal influences or selection effects based on prior psychological characteristics. Method. Prospective data from the National Child Development Study were used to examine effects of adolescent emotional and behavioural problems on transitions into and out of first partnerships, and their implications for psychiatric morbidity at age 33. Results. Emotional and behavioural problems in adolescence showed systematic links with early partnership transitions (age at partnership formation, type of first partnership, and risks of first partnership breakdown). More detailed tests suggested that these effects only accounted for a modest proportion of the associations between partnership status and psychiatric morbidity at age 33. Conclusions. In a non-referred community sample selection effects associated with adolescent emotional and behavioural problems appear to play only a modest role in links between partnership status and adult mental health. KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - affective neurosis KW - age KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - community KW - controlled study KW - data analysis KW - female KW - human KW - human relation KW - male KW - marriage KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - morbidity KW - prospective study KW - psychological aspect KW - sample KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Adolescent Psychology KW - Adult KW - Affect KW - Age Factors KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Prospective Studies KW - Questionnaires N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 11232916 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Maughan, B.; Social Genetic, Developmental Psychiatry Res. Ctr., Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Explaining the intergenerational transmission of divorce (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 628-640; Aseltine, R.H., Kessler, R.C., Marital disruption and depression in a community samples (1993) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, pp. 237-251; Bardone, A.M., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Dickson, N., Silva, P.A., Adult mental health and social outcomes of adolescent girls with depression and conduct disorder (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 811-829; Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A., The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychiatry, 51, pp. 1173-1182; Bebbington, P.E., The social epidemiology of clinical depression (1988), pp. 87-102. , In Handbook of Studies on Social Psychiatry (ed. A.S. Henderson and G. Burrows), Elsevier: Amsterdam; Bennet, N.G., Blanc, A.K., Bloom, D.E., Commitment and the modern union: Assessing the link between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital stability (1988) American Sociological Review, 85, pp. 1141-1187; Booth, A., Amato, P.R., Divorce and psychological stress (1991) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, pp. 396-407; Booth, A., Johnson, D., Premarital cohabitation and marital success (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9, pp. 255-272; Booth, A., Johnson, D.R., Marital quality: A product of the dyadic environment or individual factors? (1998) Social Forces, 76, pp. 883-904; Bruce, M.L., Kim, K.M., Differences in the effects of divorce on major depression in men and women (1992) American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, pp. 914-917; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963), Perinatal Mortality. Livingston: Edinburgh; Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., When do individual differences matter? A paradoxical theory of personality coherence (1993) Psychological Inquiry, 4, pp. 247-271; DeMaris, A., Rao, K.V., Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital stability in the United States: A reassessment (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 178-190; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964), The Home and the School. MacGibbon & Kee: London; Earls, F., Oppositional-defiant and conduct disorders (1994) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches, pp. 308-329. , 3rd edn. (ed. M. Rutter, E. Taylor and L. Hersov), Blackwell Scientific: Oxford; Elander, J., Rutter, M., Use and development of the rutter parents' and teachers scales (1996) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, pp. 115-116; Ferri, E., (1993), Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study. National Children's Bureau: London; Fogelman, K., (1983), Growing up in Great Britain. Macmillan: London; Forthofer, M.S., Kessler, R.C., Story, A.L., Gotlib, I.H., The effects of psychiatric disorders on the probability and timing of first marriage (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 37, pp. 121-132; Gove, W.R., Hughes, M., Briggs Style, C., Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well-being of the individual? (1983) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, pp. 122-131; Hess, L.E., Changing family patterns in Western Europe: Opportunity and risk factors for adolescent development (1995), pp. 104-193. , In Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes (ed. M. Rutter and D.J. Smith), Wiley: Chichester; Hope, S., Rodgers, B., Power, C., Marital status transitions and psychological distress: Longitudinal evidence from a national population sample (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 381-389; Horowitz, A.V., White, H.R., Becoming married, depression and alcohol problems among young adults (1991) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, pp. 221-237; Horowitz, A.V., White, H.R., Howell-White, S., Becoming married and mental health: A longitudinal study of a cohort of young adults (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 895-907; Kandel, D.B., Davies, M., Adult sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms (1986) Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, pp. 255-262; Kiernan, K., Mueller, G., The Divorced and Who Divorces? (1998), CASEpaper 7. London School of Economics: London; Lillard, L.A., Brien, M.J., Waite, L.J., Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital dissolution: A matter of self-selection? (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 437-457; Mastekaasa, A., Marriage and psychological well-being: Some evidence on selection into marriage (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 901-911; (1995), Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Social Trends, 25, HMSO: London; Pearlin, L.I., Johnson, J.C., Marital status. Life strains and depression (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 704-715; Robins, L.N., Tipp, J., Pryzbeck, T., Antisocial personality (1991), pp. 258-290. , In Psychiatric Disorders in America (ed. L.N. Robins and D.A. Regier), The Free Press: New York; Rodgers, B., Pryor, J., (1998), Divorce and Separation: The Outcomes for Children. Joseph Rowntree Foundation: York; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishow, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; Rutter, M., A childrens behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970), Education, Health & Behaviour. Longmans: London. (Reprinted 1981, Krieger, Melbourne, FL.); Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993), pp. 184-187. , In Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study (ed. E. Ferri), National Children's Bureau: London; (1997), StataCorp Stata Statistical Software Version 5.0. Stata Corporation: College Station, TX; Stattin, H., Magnusson, D., Antisocial development: A holistic approach (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 617-645; Stott, D.H., (1966) The Social Adjustment of Children. Manual to the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides, , 3rd edn. University of London Press: London; Yamaguchi, K., Kandel, D., Dynamic relationships between premarital cohabitation and illicit drug use: An event-history analysis of role selection and role socialization (1985) American Sociological Review, 50, pp. 530-546 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035119035&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291701003403&partnerID=40&md5=9f4f8e7ceec6969dfbe7a98bab16611d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overweight at age 21: The association with body mass index in childhood and adolescence and parents' body mass index. A cohort study of New Zealanders born in 1972-1973 T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 158 EP - 163 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801512 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Williams, S. AD - Dept. of Preventive/Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand AB - BACKGROUND: Obesity is an increasing problem so understanding the association between childhood and adolescent measures of body mass index (BMI) and being overweight at age 21 has implications for treatment or strategies to reduce its prevalence. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between measures of BMI in childhood and adolescence and parents' BMI and being overweight at age 21. DESIGN: The study was based on a birth cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-1973. RESULTS: BMI tracked from childhood to early adulthood. The point on the BMI distribution where the probability of being overweight at age 21 was 0.5 was close to the 75th centile for boys throughout childhood and adolescence. It was rather higher for girls in childhood but similar in adolescence. Boys with a BMI above the 75th centile at age 7 were more than 4.0 times more likely to be overweight at age 21 than those with a BMI below the median. The relative risk for girls was 3.2. By age 15 this increased to 9.8 for males and 6.8 for females. Having overweight parents, particularly a mother, increased the likelihood of being overweight. Only 40% of those who were overweight at age 21 could be identified by age 7 and 25% were not identified until they were at least 15. CONCLUSION: Although a high BMI in childhood predicts being overweight at age 21, many of those who were overweight at age 21 had a BMI below the 75th centile or even the median in childhood and early adolescence. Population strategies, complemented by an individual approach for those above the 75th centile, are needed to reduce the average BMI of the population. KW - Body mass index KW - Children KW - Longitudinal study KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Young adults KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - body mass KW - child KW - child parent relation KW - childhood KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - New Zealand KW - obesity KW - prediction KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - probability KW - regression analysis KW - sex difference KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - New Zealand KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Probability KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :59 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 11410814 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Williams, S.; Dept. of Preventive/Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand; email: sheila.williams@stonebow.otago.ac.nz N1 - References: Must, A., Strauss, R.S., Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S2-S11; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Deitz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents (1992) New Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Dietz, W., How to tackle the problem early? The role of education in the prevention of obesity (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (SUPPL.), pp. S4-59; (1998) WHO Obesity preventing and managing the global epidemic, , Report of a WHO consultation on Obesity. WHO: Geneva; Silva, P.A., Stanton, W.R., (1996) From Child to Adult. The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, , Oxford University Press: Auckland; Cole, T.J., Growth charts for both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (1994) Star Med, 13, pp. 2477-2492; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Williams, S., Body mass index growth curves for use in New Zealand (2000) NZ Med J, 113, pp. 308-311; Zhang, J., Yu, K.F., What's the relative risk? A method of correcting odds ratios in cohort studies of common outcomes (1998) JAMA, 280, pp. 1690-1691; Valdez, R., Greenland, K.J., Wattigney, W.A., Boa, W., Berenson, G.S., Use of weight-for-height indices in children to predict adult overweight: The Bogulsa Heart Study (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, pp. 715-720; Lauer, R.M., Lee, J., Clarke, W.R., Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels: The Muscatine study (1988) Pediatrics, 82, pp. 309-318; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.E., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Dietz, W.H., Use of body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overweight in children and adolescents (1998) J Pediat, 132, pp. 191-193; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) New Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Mann, J.I., Nye, E.R., Wilson, B.D., Russell, D., Wilson, N., Herbison, P., (1991) Life in New Zealand Commission Report, Volume V: Health, , University of Otago: Dunedin; Bost, L., Primatesta, P., Dong, W., Anthropometric measures and children's iron status (1998), Health Survey for England 1996. Ministry of Health: LondonUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035136334&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0801512&partnerID=40&md5=9a1e9c16b9c79f5955a9c8fb0bd82f59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Entry into parenthood and the outcome of cohabiting partnerships in Britain T2 - Journal of Marriage and Family J2 - J. Marriage Fam. VL - 63 IS - 1 SP - 80 EP - 96 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00080.x SN - 00222445 (ISSN) AU - Berrington, A. AD - Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom AB - Data from a national cohort study of men and women born in Britain in 1958 are used to examine factors influencing the outcome of cohabiting first partnerships. Conception is found to be a key factor promoting marriage for both men and women. Observed gender differences in the estimated impact of children on partnership stability are likely due to the incomplete reporting of past fertility among men. Social class and educational differentials in the likelihood of female cohabitors experiencing a conception, and their likelihood of subsequent marriage, suggest that the role of cohabitation varies according to socioeconomic background. KW - Birth cohort KW - Cohabitation KW - Partnership dissolution KW - Premarital conception N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JMFAA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Berrington, A.; Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; email: amb6@soton.ac.uk N1 - References: Agresti, A., (1996) An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, , New York: Wiley; Allison, P., Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories (1982) Sociological Methodology, pp. 61-98. , S. Leihardt (Ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; Axinn, W.G., Barber, J.S., Living arrangements and family formation attitudes in early adulthood (1997) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, pp. 595-611; Barlow, A., Mothers and family restructuring: Legal rationality and moral discourses (1999) Economic and Social Research Council Seminar on Parenting, Motherhood and Paid Work, , April London, England; Bennett, N.G., Bloom, D.E., Miller, C.K., The influence of nonmarital childbearing on the formation of first marriages (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 47-62; Bernhardt, E., Hoem, B., Cohabitation and social background: Trends observed for Swedish women born between 1936 and 1960 (1985) European Journal of Population, 1, pp. 375-395; Berrington, A., Diamond, D., Marital dissolution among the 1958 British birth cohort: The role of cohabitation (1999) Population Studies, 58, pp. 19-38; Blossfeld, H.-P., Manting, D., Rohwer, G., Patterns of change in family formation in the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands: Some consequences for solidarity between generations (1993) Solidarity of Generations: Demographic, Economic and Social Change and Its Consequences: Vol. 1, 1, pp. 175-196. , H. Becker & P. Hormones (Eds.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Thesis; Bumpass, L., Sweet, J., National estimates of cohabitation (1989) Demography, 26, pp. 615-625; Burgoyne, J., Afterword (1991) Marriage, Domestic Life and Social Change, Writings for Jacqueline Burgoyne (1944-1988), pp. 235-256. , D. Clark (Ed.). London: Routledge; Coward, J., Conceptions outside marriage: Regional differences (1987) Population Trends, 50, pp. 24-30; Diamond, I., Clements, S., Stone, N., Ingham, R., Spatial variation in teenage conceptions in South and West England (1999) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 162, pp. 273-290; Di Salvo, P., NCDS partnership histories (1995) National Child Development Study Data Note No. 2, 2. , London: City University; Di Salvo, P., Smith, K., NCDS housing event history (1995) National Child Development Study Data Note No. 1, 1. , London: City University; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., (1996) Partnership Formation and Dissolution in Great Britain, , (Working Paper No. 96-10). Colchester, England: University of Essex, Economic and Social Research Council Research Centre on Micro-social Change; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., (1998) Cohabitation in Great Britain: Not for Long, but Here to Stay, , (Working Paper No. 98-1). Colchester, England: University of Essex, Economic and Social Research Council Research Centre on Micro-social Change; Granström, F., (1997) Sweden Standard Country Report. Fertility and Family Surveys in the Countries of the ECE Region, , New York: United Nations; Haskey, J., Kiernan, K., Cohabitation in Great Britain: Characteristics and estimated numbers of cohabiting partners (1989) Population Trends, 58, pp. 23-32; Kiernan, K.E., Cherlin, A.J., Parental divorce and partnership dissolution in adulthood: Evidence from a British cohort study (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 39-48; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts - A longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37, pp. 363-380; Kiernan, K.E., Estaugh, V., (1993) Cohabitation, Extramarital Childbearing and Social Policy, , London: Family Policy Studies Centre; Kravdal, O., Wanting a child without a firm commitment to the partner: Interpretations and implications of a common behaviour pattern among Norwegian cohabitants (1997) European Journal of Population, 13, pp. 269-298; (1998) Supporting Families: A Consultation Paper, , London: Stationery Office; Latten, J., De Graaf, A., (1997) The Netherlands Standard Country Report. Fertility and Family Surveys in the Countries of the ECE Region, , New York: United Nations; Leridon, H., Cohabitation, marriage, separation: An analysis of life histories of French cohorts from 1968 to 1985 (1990) Population Studies, 44, pp. 127-144; Loomis, L.S., Landale, N.S., Nonmarital cohabitation and childbearing among Black and White American women (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 949-962; Manning, W.D., Marriage and cohabitation following premarital conception (1993) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, pp. 839-850; Manning, W.D., Smock, P.J., Why marry? Race and the transition to marriage among cohabitors (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 509-520; Manting, D., (1994) Dynamics in Marriage and Cohabitation: An Inter-temporal, Life Course Analysis of First Union Formation and Dissolution, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Netherlands Graduate School of Research in Demography; Maughan, B., Hagell, A., Poor readers in adulthood: Psychosocial functioning (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 457-476; McRae, S., (1993) Cohabiting Mothers: Changing Marriage and Motherhood?, , London: Policy Studies Institute; Murphy, M., Demographic and socio-economic influences on recent British marital breakdown patterns (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 441-460; (1998) Birth Statistics, 1997, , (Series FM1 No. 26). London: Stationery Office; Oppenheimer, V.K., A theory of marriage timing (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 563-591; Russell, S., Life course antecedents of premarital conception in Great Britain (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 480-492; Rutter, M., A children's behavior questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , (Working Paper No. 1). London: City University; Smock, P.J., Manning, W.D., Cohabiting partners' economic circumstances and marriage (1997) Demography, 34, pp. 331-341; Thornton, A., Influence of the marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitational experiences of children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 868-894; Teachman, J.D., Early marriage, premarital fertility and marital dissolution (1983) Journal of Family Issues, 4, pp. 105-126; Toulemon, L., Cohabitation is here to stay (1997) Population: An English Selection, 9, pp. 11-46; Wu, Z., The stability of cohabiting relationships: The role of children (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 231-236; Wu, Z., Balakrishnan, T.R., Dissolution of premarital cohabitation in Canada (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 521-532 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035255987&doi=10.1111%2fj.1741-3737.2001.00080.x&partnerID=40&md5=d18551a3ba68b1cd58e73ce33a7da672 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders: The relationship of delinquency career types to adult criminality T2 - Justice Quarterly J2 - Justice Q. VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 449 EP - 478 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1080/07418820100094981 SN - 07418825 (ISSN) AU - Kempf-Leonard, K. AU - Tracy, P.E. AU - Howell, J.C. AD - University of Texas-Dallas, United States AD - National Youth Gang Center, United States AB - We describe the intersections between serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders through 16 years in which the 1958 Philadelphia birth cohort was at risk for delinquency and young adult crime. Official records mark the offense careers from early onset as juveniles through age 26 for 27,160 persons. This large database is unique in its ability to support analysis of serious, violent, and chronic offending while controlling for differences based on race, gender, and neighborhood social status. The results show that belonging to certain delinquency subgroups or following certain "pathways" increases the likelihood of being arrested in adulthood. Although prevalence differed, general findings were consistent across demographic criteria, We demonstrate the importance, to developmental criminology, of linking juvenile delinquency career types to adult criminality for policy formulation and theory development. © 2001 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. N1 - Cited By :49 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Albert, R.L., (1998) Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants Program.' Fact Sheet, p. 76. , Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; Bazemore, G., Day, S.E., Restoring the Balance: Juvenile and Community Justice (1996) Juvenile Justice, 1, pp. 3-14; Bazemore, G., Umbreit, M., Rethinking the Sanctioning Function in Juvenile Court: Retributive or Restorative Responses to Youth Crime (1995) Crime and Delinquency, 49, pp. 296-316; Bernard, T.J., (1992) The Cycle of Juvenile Justice, , New York: Oxford University Press; Blumstein, A., (1995) Violence by Young People, pp. 1-9. , Why the Deadly Nexus?” NIJ Journal, August; Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J.A., Visher, C.A., (1986), Criminal Careers and “Career Criminals.” Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Chesney-Lind, M., (1997) The Female Offender: Girls, ''Nomen, and Crime, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Dean, C.W., Brame, R., Piquero, A.R., Criminal Propensities, Discrete Groups of Offenders, and Persistence in Crime (1996) Criminology, 34, pp. 547-574; Dilullio, J.J., (1996) Theyre Coming, pp. 25-27. , Florida’s Youth Crime Bomb.” Impact, Spring; Doi, D.J., The Myth of Teen Violence (1998) State Government News, , April; Farrington, D.P., Understanding Risk Factors in Youth Violence (1998) Youth Violence: Crime and Justice, 24, pp. 421-476. , edited by M. Tonry and M.H. Moore. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Farrington, D.P., Snyder, H.N., Finnegan, T.A., Specialization in Juvenile Court Careers (1988) Criminology, 26, pp. 461-487; Feld, B.C., Abolish the Juvenile Court: Youthfulness, Criminal Responsibility, and Sentencing Policy (1997) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 88, pp. 68-136; Feld, B.C., (1999) Bad Kids: Race and the Transformation of the Juvenile Court, , New York: Oxford University Press; Fox, J.A., Trends in Juvenile Violence: A Report to the U.S (1996) Attorney General on Current and Future Rates of Juvenile Offending, , Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press; Hamparian, D.M., Schuster, R., Dinitz, S., Conrad, J., (1978) The Violent Few, , Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; Hawkins, D.F., Laub, J.H., Lauritsen, J.L., Race, Ethnicity, and Serious Juvenile Offending (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, pp. 30-46. , in, R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Hindelang, M.J., Age, Sex, and the Versatility of Delinquent Involvements (1971) Social Problems, 18, pp. 522-535; Howell, J.C., (1997) Juvenile Justice and Youth Violence, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Huizinga, D., Jakob-Chien, C., The Contemporaneous Co-Occurrence of Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending and Other Problem Behaviors (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, , edited by R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Kempf, K.L., Specialization and the Criminal Career (1987) Criminology, 25; Kempf, K.L., Crime Severity and Criminal Career Progression (1988) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 79, pp. 201-216; Kempf, K.L., Delinquency: Do the Dropouts Drop Back In? (1989) Youth and Society, 20, pp. 269-289; Krohn, M.D., Thomberry, T.P., Rivera, C., Le Blanc, M., Later Delinquency Careers (2001) Child Delinquents: Development, Intervention, and Service Needs, pp. 67-94. , edited by R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Laub, J.H., Lauritsen, J.L., Violent Criminal Behavior Over the Life Course: A Review of the Longitudinal and Comparative Research (1993) Violence and Victims, 8, pp. 235-252; Le Blanc, M., Frechette, M., (1989) Male Criminal Activity from Childhood through Youth, , New York: Springer-Verlag; Le Blanc, M., Loeber, R., Developmental Criminology Updated (1998) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 23. , edited by M. Tonry. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Lipsey, M., Derzon, J.H., Predictors of Violent or Serious Delinquency in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Synthesis of Longitudinal Research (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, pp. 86-105. , in, R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Lipsey, M., Wilson, D.B., Effective Interventions With Serious Juvenile Offenders: A Synthesis of Research (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, pp. 313-345. , in, R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Loeber, R., Never Too Early, Never Too Late: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions for Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders (1998) Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 7, pp. 7-30; Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Waschbusch, D.A., Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, pp. 13-29. , in, R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Loeber, R., Hay, D.F., Developmental Approaches to Aggression and Conduct Problems (1994) Development through Life: A Handbook for Clinicians, pp. 488-516. , edited by M. Rutter and D.F. Hay. Oxford: Blackwell; Loeber, R., Le Blanc, M., Toward a Developmental Criminology (1990) Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, 12. , edited by M. Tonry and N. Morris. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Loeber, R., Van Kammen, W.B., Fletcher, M., (1996) Serious, Violent, and Chronic Offenders in the Pittsburgh Youth Study, , Unpublished Data.” Pittsburgh, PA: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic; Loeber, R., Wung, P., Keenan, K., Girous, B., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W.B., Maughan, B., Developmental Pathways in Disruptive Child Behavior (1993) Development and Psychopathology, 5, pp. 103-133; Maher, L., Curtis, R., In Search of the Female Urban ‘Gangsta: Change, Culture, and Crack Cocaine (1995) The Criminal Justice System and 'Women, 2Nd Ed., pp. 148-166. , edited by B.R. Price and N.J. Sokoloff. New York: McGraw-Hill; Males, M.A., (1996) The Scapegoat Generation: America’s War on Adolescents, , Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press; Matza, D., (1964) Delinquency and Drift, , New York: Wiley; Maxfield, M.G., Widom, C.S., The Cycle of Violence Revisited 6 Years Later (1996) Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 150, pp. 390-395; Mazorelle, P., Brame, R., Paternoster, R., Piquero, A., Dean, C., Onset Age, Persistence, and Offending Versatility: Comparisons Across Gender (2000) Criminology, 38, pp. 1143-1172; Moffitt, T.E., Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Antisocial Behaviour: A Developmental Taxonomy (1993) Psychological Review, 100, pp. 674-701; Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Dickson, N., Silva, P., Stanton, W., Childhood-Onset Versus Adolescent-Onset Antisocial Conduct Problems in Males: Natural History From Ages 3 to 18 Years (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 399-424; Nagin, D.S., Farrington, D.P., Moffitt, T.E., Life-Course Trajectories of Different Types of Offenders (1995) Criminology, 33, pp. 111-139; Nagin, D.S., Land, K.C., Age, Criminal Careers, and Population Heterogeneity: Specification and Estimation of a Nonparametric, Mixed Poisson Model (1993) Criminology, 31, pp. 327-362; Paternoster, R., Brame, R., Multiple Routes to Delinquency? A Test of Developmental and General Theories of Crime (1997) Criminology, 35, pp. 49-84; Patterson, G.R., Capaldi, D., Bank, L., An Early Starter Model for Predicting Delinquency (1991) The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression, pp. 139-168. , in, D.J. Pepler and K.H. Rubin. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Piquero, A.R., Paternoster, R., Brame, R., Mazerolle, P., Dean, C.W., Onset Age and Specialization in Offending Behavior (1999) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36, pp. 235-274; Rojek, D.G., Erickson, M.L., Delinquent Careers: A Test of the Career Escalation Model (1982) Criminology, 20, pp. 5-28; Sampson, R.J., Laub, J.H., (1993) Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points through Life, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Shannon, L.W., A Longitudinal Study of Delinquency and Crime (1978) Quantitative Studies in Criminology, pp. 121-146. , in, C. Wellford. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; Shannon, L.W., (1980) Assessing the Relationship of Adult Criminal Careers to Juvenile Careers, , Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; Shannon, L.W., (1988) Criminal Career Continuity, , New York: Human Sciences Press; Simpson, S., Caste, Class, and Violent Crime: Explaining Difference in Female Offending (1991) Criminology, 29, pp. 115-135; Snyder, H.N., Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders: An Assessment of the Extent of and Trends in Officially Recognized Serious Criminal Behavior in a Delinquent Population (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, pp. 428-444. , in, R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Thornberry, T.P., Famworth, M., Social Correlates of Criminal Involvement: Further Evidence on the Relationship Between Social Status and Criminal Behavior (1982) American Sociological Review, 47, pp. 505-518; Tolan, P.H., Gorman-Smith, D., Development of Serious and Violent Offending Careers (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders, pp. 68-85. , in, R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Torbet, P., Gable, R., Hurst, H., Montgomery, I., Szymanski, L., Thomas, D., (1996) State Reponses to Serious and Violent Juvenile Crime, , Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Tracy, P.E., Kempf-Leonard, K., (1996) Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers, , New York: Plenum; Tracy, P.E., Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., (1985) Delinquency in Two Birth Cohorts: Executive Summary, , Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; Tracy, P.E., (1990) Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, , New York: Plenum; Walker, S., (1995) Sense and Nonsense about Crime: A Policy Guide, , 3rd ed. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole; Widom, C.S., The Cycle of Violence (1989) Science, 244, pp. 160-166; Widom, C.S., Ames, M.A., Criminal Consequences of Childhood Sexual Victimization (1994) Child Abuse and Neglect, 18, pp. 303-318; Wilson, J.J., Howell, J.C., (1993) A Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders, , Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., Sellin, T., (1972) Delinquency in a Birth Cohort, , Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Wolfgang, M.E., Thornberry, T.P., Figlio, R.M., (1987) From Boy to Man, from Delinquency to Crime, , Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Zimring, F.E., Crying Wolf Over Teen Demons (1996) Los Angeles Times, p. B5. , August 19; Zimring, F.E., (1998) American Youth Violence, , New York: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85004407567&doi=10.1080%2f07418820100094981&partnerID=40&md5=f9d12e1eafc2d1f63c3f56625840be6e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Delayed parental divorce: How much do children benefit? T2 - Journal of Marriage and Family J2 - J. Marriage Fam. VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 446 EP - 457 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00446.x SN - 00222445 (ISSN) AU - Furstenberg, F.F. AU - Kiernan, K.E. AD - Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6299, United States AD - Department of Social Policy and ESRC Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - This study compares children who experienced divorce in childhood with those who were young adults when their parents divorced to differentiate between long-term effects of divorce resulting from preexisting factors, including the child's behavioral problems and psychological status as well as the family's economic circumstances, and those resulting from divorce itself. We used National Child Development Study data on 11,409 British children born in 1958 and followed up until age 33. Children's long-term welfare appears to be linked both to conditions preceding and following the divorce event. The results point to some limitations of existing studies on divorce and suggest caution in drawing conclusions about average effects of divorce. The impact of divorce appears to be a complex blend of selection and socialization. KW - Adult outcomes KW - Children KW - Divorce KW - Emotional well-being N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Allison, P.D., Furstenberg, F.F., How marital dissolution affects children: Variations by age and sex (1989) Developmental Psychology, 25, pp. 540-549; Amato, P.R., Booth, A., (1997) A Generation at Risk, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Beal, E.W., Hochman, G., (1991) Adult Children of Divorce, , New York: Delacorte Press; Becker, H., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Benson, B.A., Gross, A.M., The effect of a congenitally handicapped child upon the marital dyad: A review of the literature (1989) Clinical Psychology Review, 9, pp. 747-758; Blankenhorn, D., Bayme, S., Elshtain, J.B., (1990) Rebuilding the Nest: A New Commitment to the American Family, , Milwaukee, WI: Family Service America; Buchanan, C.M., Maccoby, E.E., Dornbusch, S.M., (1996) Adolescents after Divorce, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Cherlin, A., Furstenberg, F.F., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K.E., Robins, P., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1398; Cherlin, A., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Coleman, J., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. S95-S120; Duncan, G.J., Hoffman, S.D., Economic consequences of marital instability (1985) Horizontal Equity, Uncertainty, and Economic Well-being, pp. 427-470. , M. David & T. Smeeding (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance, and behavior, before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Emery, R.E., (1999) Marriage, Divorce, and Children's Adjustment. (2nd Ed.), , Beverly Hills: Sage; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: MacMillan Press; Fuchs, V.R., (1983) How We Live, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Furstenberg, F.F., Social capital and the role of fathers in the family (1998) Men in Families: When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make?, pp. 295-301. , A. Booth & N. Crouter (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; Furstenberg, F.F., Teitler, J.O., Reconsidering the effects of marital disruption: What happens to children of divorce in early adulthood? (1994) Journal of Family Issues, 15, pp. 173-190; Glenn, N., Quantitative research on marital quality (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 818-831; Harris, J.R., (1998) The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do, , New York: Free Press; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., (1994) Succeeding Generations, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Hernandez, D.J., When households continue, discontinue, and form (1992) Studies in Household and Family Formation, , (Current Population Reports, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Series P23-70). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Hetherington, E.M., Clingempeel, W.G., Coping with marital transitions: A family systems perspective (1982) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57, pp. 1-242; Hetherington, E.M., Law, T.C., O'Connor, T.G., Divorce: Challenges, changes, and new chances (1997) Family in Transition, pp. 176-185. , A. S. Skolnick & J. H. Skolnick (Eds.), New York: Longman; Hollister, R., Hill, J., Problems in the evaluation of community wide initiatives (1995) New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives: Concepts, Methods, and Context, , J. P. Connell, A. C. Kubische, L. B. Schorr, & C. H. Weiss (Eds.), Aspen Institute, CO; Kiernan, K.E., Transitions in young adulthood (1991) Population Research in Britain, [Special Issue] Population Studies, 55, pp. 95-114. , M. Murphy & J. N. Hobcraft (Eds.), London: Population Investigation Committee; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K.E., (1997) The Legacy of Parental Divorce: Social, Economic and Demographic Experiences in Adulthood, , (Case Paper 1). London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Kiernan, K.E., Hobcraft, J.N., Parental divorce in childhood: Age at first intercourse, partnership and parenthood (1997) Population Studies, 51, pp. 41-55; Kiernan, K.E., Mueller, G., Who divorces? (1999) Population and Household Change in Britain, pp. 377-403. , S. McRae (Ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Levinger, G., Moles, O.C., (1979) Divorce and Separation: Context, Causes, and Consequences, , New York: Basic Books; Maccoby, E., Martin, J., Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction (1983) Handbook of Child Psychology: 4, Socialization, Personality and Social Development, pp. 1-101. , E. Hetherington (Ed.), New York: Wiley; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing Up with a Single Parent, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Morrison, D.R., Cherlin, A.J., The divorce process and young children's well-being: A prospective analysis (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 800-812; Morrison, D.R., Furstenberg, F.F., Ritualo, A.R., (1999) The Road to Remarriage: A Prospective Study of Child Well-being Following Divorce, , Manuscript submitted for publication; Newcomber, S., Udry, J.R., Parental marital status effects on adolescent sexual behavior (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 235-240; Price, S.J., McHenry, P.C., (1988) Divorce, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; Rutter, M., (1981) Maternal Deprivation Reassessed. (2nd Ed.), , London: Penguin; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Graham, P., Isle of Wight studies: 1964-1974 (1976) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS User Support Group, City University; Simmons, R.L., (1996) Understanding Differences between Divorced and Intact Families, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Spanier, G.B., Thompson, L., (1984) Parting: The Aftermath of Separation and Divorce, , Beverly Hills: Sage; Tew, B.J., Laurence, K.M., Payne, H., Rawnsley, K., Marital stability following the birth of a child with spina bifida (1977) British Journal of Psychiatry, 131, pp. 79-82; Wallerstein, J.S., Blakeslee, S., (1989) Second Chances: Men, Women and Children a Decade after Divorce, , New York: Ticknor and Fields; Waite, L., Haggstrom, G., Kanouse, D., The consequences of parenthood for the marital stability of young adults (1985) American Sociological Review, 50, pp. 850-857; White, L., Determinants of divorce: A review of research in the eighties (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 904-912; White, L., Booth, A., The transition to parenthood and marital quality (1985) Journal of Family Issues, 6, pp. 435-449; Whitehead, B.D., (1997) The Divorce Culture, , New York: Knopf; Zill, N., Peterson, J.L., Trends in the behavior and emotional well-being of U.S. Children: Findings from a national survey (1982) Annual Meeting of the American Association for Advancement of Science, , Washington, DC UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035343823&doi=10.1111%2fj.1741-3737.2001.00446.x&partnerID=40&md5=cbad03339f098579086ee0d8ddd3117a ER - TY - JOUR TI - The decision to return to full-time education T2 - Education Economics J2 - Educ. Econ. VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 51 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1080/09645290125092 SN - 09645292 (ISSN) AU - Thomas, W. AD - Fac. of Economics/Social Sci., Univ. of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom AB - In the UK, there is a relatively high incidence of people returning to education after having left to take-up full-time employment. This might represent a society functioning properly; people renew their skills as newly opened areas of opportunity are identified. On the contrary, it might signify that they were ill advised to leave full-time education in the first place-mismatch. This paper uses National Child Development Survey data in order to identify individuals who return to full-time education. The background characteristics of returnees are examined and a model of the decision to return is estimated. It is found that the decision to return is in part explained by background, suggesting that initial mismatch does in part explain the decision to return to education. KW - adult education KW - labor participation KW - returns to education KW - skilled labor KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Thomas, W.; Fac. of Economics/Social Sci., Univ. of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom; email: wayne.thomas.@uwe.ac.uk UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035010815&doi=10.1080%2f09645290125092&partnerID=40&md5=873abcae9addc1c6fff8fa3e4c7cdb13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood poverty, early motherhood and adult social exclusion T2 - British Journal of Sociology J2 - Brit. J. Sociol. VL - 52 IS - 3 SP - 495 EP - 517 PY - 2001 SN - 00071315 (ISSN) AU - Hobcraft, J. AU - Kiernan, K. AD - John Hobcraft and Kathleen Kiernan, Department of Social Policy, ESRC Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom AB - Childhood poverty and early parenthood are both high on the current political agenda. The key new issue that this research addresses is the relative importance of childhood poverty and of early motherhood as correlates of outcomes later in life. How far are the 'effects' of early motherhood on later outcomes due to childhood precursors, especially experience of childhood poverty? Subsidiary questions relate to the magnitude of these associations, the particular levels of childhood poverty that prove most critical, and whether, as often assumed, only teenage mothers are subsequently disadvantaged, or are those who have their first birth in their early twenties similarly disadvantaged? The source of data for this study is the National Child Development Study. We examine outcomes at age 33 for several domains of adult social exclusion: welfare, socio-economic, physical health, emotional well-being and demographic behaviour. We control for a wide range of childhood factors: poverty; social class of origin and of father; mother's and father's school leaving age; family structure; housing tenure; mother's and father's interest in education; personality attributes; performance on educational tests; and contact with the police by age 16. There are clear associations for the adult outcomes with age at first birth, even after controlling for childhood poverty and the other childhood background factors. Moreover, we demonstrate that the widest gulf in adult outcomes occurs for those who enter motherhood early (before age 23), though further reinforced by teenage motherhood for most adult outcomes. We also show that any experience of childhood poverty is clearly associated with adverse outcomes in adulthood, with reinforcement for higher levels of childhood poverty for a few outcomes. KW - Childhood poverty KW - Longitudinal analysis KW - Social exclusion KW - Teenage motherhood KW - adolescent KW - adolescent pregnancy KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - child welfare KW - classification KW - cultural deprivation KW - female KW - health status KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - maternal age KW - poverty KW - pregnancy KW - social class KW - social isolation KW - social welfare KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Welfare KW - Cultural Deprivation KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Maternal Age KW - Poverty KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence KW - Psychosocial Deprivation KW - Social Isolation KW - Social Mobility KW - Social Welfare KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - United States N1 - Cited By :127 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 11578006 LA - English N1 - References: Persistent poverty and lifetime inequality: The evidence (1999) CASEreport 5 and HM Treasury Occasional Paper No. 10, , Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Gregg, P., Harkness, S., Machin, S., Thomas, J., (1999) Child Development and Family Income, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York; (1999) Tackling Poverty and Extending Opportunity, , HM Treasury, London; Hobcraft, J.N., Intergenerational and life-course transmission of social exclusion: Influences of childhood poverty, family disruption, and contact with the police (1998) CASEpaper 15, , Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Kiernan, K.E., Teenage motherhood: Associated factors and consequences (1980) Journal of Biosocial Science, 12 (4), pp. 393-405; (1995) Transition to Parenthood: Young Mothers, Young Fathers: Associated Factors and Later Life Experiences, , LSESTICERD Discussion Paper No 113; Becoming a young parent: A longitudinal study of associated factors (1997) British Journal of Sociology, 48 (3), pp. 406-428; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Graham, P., Isle of wight studies: 1964-1974 (1976) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London; (1999) Teenage Pregnancy, , Cm 4342, HMSO London; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Wellings, K., Wadsworth, J., Johnson, A., Field, J., (1996) Teenage Sexuality, Fertility and Life Chances, , Report prepared for the Department of Health using data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035461101&partnerID=40&md5=da03a1b175f3464dad644d748dc59271 ER - TY - SER TI - Early test scores, school quality and SES: Longrun effects on wage and employment outcomes T2 - Research in Labor Economics J2 - Res. Labor Econ. VL - 20 SP - 103 EP - 132 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1016/S0147-9121(01)20039-9 SN - 01479121 (ISSN); 0762308338 (ISBN); 9780762308330 (ISBN) AU - Currie, J. AU - Thomas, D. AB - This study uses data from the British National Child Development Survey (NCDS) to examine interactions between socio-economic status (SES), children's test scores, and future wages and employment. We find that children of lower SES have both lower age 16 test scores and higher returns to these test scores in terms of age 33 wages and employment probabilities than high-SES children. We then examine determinants of age 16 scores. Conditional on having had the same age 7 mathematics scores, high-SES children go on to achieve higher age 16 mathematics scores than children of low or middle-SES. They are also much more likely to pass O-levels in English and Mathematics. These differences are either eliminated or greatly reduced when observable measures of school quality are added to the model, suggesting that high-SES children get better age 16 test scores at least in part because they attended better schools. On the other hand, conditional on age 7 scores, low-SES children achieve higher age 16 reading scores than high-SES children and the estimated relationship between the two is not affected by the addition of school quality variables. This observation provides evidence consistent with the conjecture that success in reading may be less dependent on school quality than success in mathematics. © 2001. PB - JAI Press N1 - Cited By :77 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35448954066&doi=10.1016%2fS0147-9121%2801%2920039-9&partnerID=40&md5=ddf6768b3023debefebf8785e4c2656e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The timing of family formation in Britain and Spain T2 - Sociological Research Online J2 - Sociol. Res. Online VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - XVII EP - XVIII PY - 2001 SN - 13607804 (ISSN) AU - Holdsworth, C. AU - Elliott, J. AB - Both fertility and marriage behaviour have changed considerably throughout Western Europe. While fertility has declined across the continent there has been an increase in the age of marriage, accompanied by an increase in cohabitation rates and marriage dissolution. These cross- national trends have been suggested to be indicative of a second demographic transition. Both Beck and Giddens have attempted to locate these changes in family formation within a wider context of social change associated with late modernity. However, in this paper we argue that in trying to provide a universal theory to understand the second demographic transition it is important not to overlook important cross- national differences. Previous comparative research has established that in the South young people tend to marry later, but have children earlier in partnerships. While in the North, marriage and leaving home occur earlier but the link between marriage and childbirth is weaker. In this paper we use data from the British National Child Development Study and the Spanish 1991 Sociodemographic Survey in order to compare the processes of family formation in Britain and Spain. The emphasis is on understanding the sequencing and timing of a) leaving home, b) forming a partnership, and c) giving birth to a first child in relation to each other rather than as independent events. KW - Britain KW - Family Formation KW - Life Course Transitions KW - Spain PB - SAGE Publications Ltd N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Alberdi, I., Un nuevo modelo de familia (1982) Papers: Revista de Sociología, 18, pp. 87-112; Alberdi, I., (1999) La Nueva Familia Española, , Madrid: Taurus; Alberdi, I., Escario, P., Hainovich, P., Actitudes de las mujeres hacia el cambio familiar (1984) Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 27, pp. 41-59; Allison Paul, D., (1984) Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data, , Beverly Hills: Sage; Beck, U., (1992) Risk Society: Towards A New Modernity, , London: Sage; Beck, U., Beck-Gernsheim, E., (1995) The Normal Chaos of Love, , London: Polity Press; Becker Gary, S., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , Cambridge MA: Harvard Univeristy Press; Bettio, F., Villa, P., A Mediterranean perspective on the breakdown of the relationship between participation and fertility (1998) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 22, pp. 137-172; Blossfeld, H.-P., Changes in the process of family formation (1995) The New Role of Women: Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 3-32. , Hans-Peter Blossfeld (Editor) Oxford: Westview Press; Boh, K., European family life patterns - A reappraisal (1989) Changing Patterns of European Family Life: A Comparative Analysis of 14 European Countries, pp. 265-298. , Katya Boh et al (Editors) London: Routledge; Cabré Pla, A., Volverán tórtolos y cigüeñas (1993) Estrategias Familiares, pp. 113-131. , Luis Garrido Medina and Enrique Gil Calvo (Editors) Madrid: Alianza Editorial; Castro Martin, T., Delayed childbearing in contemporary Spain: Trends and differentials (1992) European Journal of Population, 8, pp. 217-246; CITY UNIVERSITY SOCIAL STATISTICS RESEARCH UNIT, National Child Development Study Composite File including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five, 1958-1991 [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics research Unit [original data producers]. Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive [distributor], 21 June 1994. SN: 3148; Coleman, D., Britain's place in Europe's population (1999) Changing Britain: Families and Households in the 1990s, pp. 34-67. , Susan McRae (ed) Oxford: OUP; (Forthcoming) Transitions to Adulthood in Europe, , CORIJN, M. and KLIJZING, E. (eds) Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; (1998) Recent Demographic Developments in Europe, , Council of Europe Publishing: Strasbourg; Dalla Zuanna, G., The Banquet of Aeolus: A familistic interpretation of Italy's lowest low fertility (2001) Demographic Research, 4 (5). , http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol4/5/4-5.pdf; Pais, E.L., (1997) Un Pueblo Vicaíno Brindó 100,000 Pesetas Por Tener Niños y Espera Que Nazcan Siete, , 2nd February 1997; Gøsta, E.E.N., (1999) Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; European lifestyles as the new millennium dawns (1999) Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies, 105 (99). , http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/Public/datashop/print-product/EN? catalogue=Eurostat&product=1-14101999-EN-BP&type=pdf, Luxembourg: Eurostat Press Office; Fernández Cordon, J.A., Youth residential independence and autonomy: A comparative study (1997) Journal of Family Issues, 6, pp. 572-575; Garrido, L., Requena, M., (1996) La Emancipación de Los Jóvenes en España, , Madrid: Institute de la Juventud; Giddens, A., (1992) The Transformation of Intimacy, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Giddens, A., Living in a post-traditional society (1994) Reflexive Modernisation, pp. 56-109. , Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens and Scott Lash Cambridge: Polity Press; (1998) Methods of Life Course Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, , GIELE, Janet Z. and ELDER jnr, Glen H. Editors London: Sage; Jurado Guerrero, T., Naldini, M., Is the South so different? Italian and Spanish families in comparative perspective (1997) South European Society and Politics, 1, pp. 42-66; Holdsworth, C., Leaving home in Spain: A Regional Analysis (1998) International Journal of Population Studies, 4, pp. 341-360; Holdsworth, C., Leaving home in Britain and Spain (2000) European Sociological Review, 16, pp. 201-222; Iacovou, M., Young people in Europe: Two models of household formation (1998) Institute for Social and Economic Research Working Paper, pp. 98-113. , http://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/pubs/workpaps/wp98-13.php, Colchester: University of Essex; De Iglesiais Ussel, J., Flaquer, L., Familia y analisis sociologico: El caso de España (1993) Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 61, pp. 57-75; (1993) Encuesta Sociodemográfica 1991, , Madrid: Institute Nacional de Estadística; (2000) España en Cifras 1999, , http://www.ine.es/espcif/espcifes/pob100.pdf, Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadística; Irwin, S., Reproductive Regimes: Changing Relations of Inter-dependence and Fertility Change (2000) Sociological Research Online, 5 (1). , http://www.socresonline.org.uk/5/1/irwin.html; (2000) Italy in Figures, , http://www.istat.it/Anumital/italy2000/italy2000.pdf, Rome: Istituto Nazionale de Statistica; Kiernan, K., Child bearing outside marriage (1999) Population Trends, pp. 11-20. , Winter 98; Kuijsten Anton, C., Changing family patterns in Europe: A case study of divergence? (1996) European Journal of Population, 12, pp. 115-143; Kuijsten Anton, C., Households, families and kin networks (1999) Population Issues: An Interdisciplinary Focus, , Leo J.G. van Wissen and Pearl A. Dykstra. (Editors) New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; Leifbroer, A., From youth to adulthood: Understanding changing patterns of family formation from a life course perspective (1999) Population Issues: An Interdisciplinary Focus, , Leo J.G. van Wissen and Pearl A. Dykstra. (Editors) New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; Lesthaeghe, R., The second demographic transition in western countries: An interpretation (1995) Gender and Family Change in Industrialised Countries, pp. 17-62. , Karen Oppenheim Mason and An-Magritt Jensen (Editors) Oxford: Clarendon Press; Lesthaeghe, R., On theory development: Applications to the study of family formation (1998) Population and Development Review, 24, pp. 1-14; Mcdonald, P., Gender Equity in theories of fertility transition (2000) Population Development Review, 26, pp. 427-439; Micheli Giuseppe, A., Kinship, Family and Social Network: The anthropological embedment of fertility change in Southern Europe (2000) Demographic Research, 3 (13). , http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol3/13/3-13.pdf; Miret Gamundi, P., Nuptiality patterns in Spain in the eighties (1997) Genus, 53, pp. 183-198; Reher, D.S., Families ties in Western Europe: Persistent contrasts (1998) Population Development Review, 24, pp. 203-234; Roussel, L., La famille en Europe occidentale: Divergences et convergences (1992) Population, 47, pp. 133-152; Ruivo, M., Do Pilar Gonzalez, M., Varejao, J.M., Why is part-time work so low in Portugal and Spain? (1998) Part-Time Prospects: An International Comparison of Part-time Work in Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim, pp. 199-213. , O'Reilly, J. and Pagan, C. (Editors). London: Routledge; Threlfall, M., Feminist politics and social change in Spain (1996) Mapping the Women's Movement, pp. 115-151. , Monica Threlfall (Editor) London: Verso; Tuma, N.B., Huinink, J., Post- War fertility patterns in the Federal Republic of Germany (1990) Event History Analysis in Life Course Research, pp. 146-169. , Karl Ulrich Mayer and Nancy Brandon Tuma. (Editors) Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press; Van Kaa Dirk, D.E., Europe's second demographic transition (1987) Population Bulletin, 42, pp. 1-57. , Washington D.C., Population Reference Bureau; (1997) La Edad de Emancipacion de Los Jovenes, , VERGÉS ESCUIN, R. (ed) Barcelona: Centre de Cultura Contemporània UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23344443683&partnerID=40&md5=cef5a7021de6d8ba6f559d2f8ec82efe ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of qualifications on women's work histories, employment status and earnings at age 33 T2 - European Sociological Review J2 - Eur. Sociol. Rev. VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 145 EP - 168 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1093/esr/17.2.145 SN - 02667215 (ISSN) AU - Elliott, J. AU - Dale, A. AU - Egerton, M. AD - Department of Sociology, Social Policy, and Social Work Studies, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Myrtle Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom AD - Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research, Faculty of Economic and Social Studies, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom AB - This paper examines the relationship between women's qualifications and their labour-market participation up to the age of 33 for a cohort of women born in Great Britain in one week of March 1958. The period of the life-cycle on which the analysis focuses is one during which many women are attempting to juggle the competing demands of young children and employment. In Britain, with very limited institutional support for retaining employment during family formation, we examine the role which occupationally specific qualifications exert in helping women to return to paid employment. The second part of the paper focuses on the occupational attainment of women at age 33, operationalized using log hourly earnings. The earnings equations are corrected for possible selectivity bias into employment. The paper makes an important theoretical distinction between occupationally specific and non-occupational qualifications. We argue that, for women, occupational qualifications are associated with greater attachment to the labour-market following the birth of children. By including work history variables in the earnings equation we are also able to examine the consequences for women's wages of having time out of the labour market. © Oxford University Press 2001. N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Allison, P.D., (1984) Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data, , Sage, Beverly Hills; Althauser, R.P., Kalleberg, A.L., Firms, occupations and the structure of labor markets: A conceptual analysis (1981) Sociological Perspectives on Labor Markets, pp. 119-145. , Berg, I. (ed.) Academic Press, New York; Barry, J., Francis, B., Davies, R., (1990) SABRE: Software for the Analysis of Binary Recurrent Events - A Guide for Users, , University of Lancaster, Centre for Applied Statistics, Lancaster; Berk, R.A., An introduction to sample selection bias in sociological data (1983) American Sociological Review, 48, pp. 386-398; Bernhardt, E.M., Fertility and employment (1993) European Sociological Review, 9 (1), pp. 25-42; Blossfeld, H.P., Rohwer, G., Causal inference, time and observation plans in the social sciences (1997) Quality and Quantity, 999, pp. 361-383; Brown, R., Work histories, career strategies and the class structure (1982) Social Class and the Division of Labour, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Cramer, J.C., Fertility and female employment: Problems of causal direction (1980) American Sociological Review, 45, pp. 167-190; Crompton, R., Credentials and careers: Some implications of the increase in professional qualifications amongst women (1986) Sociology, 20 (1), pp. 25-42; Crompton, R., Harris, F., Explaining women's employment patterns: 'Orientations to work' revisited (1998) British Journal of Sociology, pp. 247-265. , March; Crompton, R., Harris, F., Gender relations and employment: The impact of occupation (1998) Work, Employment and Society, 12 (2), pp. 297-315; Crompton, R., Sanderson, K., Men's work, women's work: Some theoretical issues (1990) Gendered Jobs and Social Change, pp. 1-23. , Crompton, R. (ed.) Unwin Hyman, London; Crouchley, R., Dale, A., Elliott, J., Oskrochi, R., (1998) The Effect of Education on Employment and Wages: Allowing for the Endogeneity of Qualifications, , Working Paper, Centre for Applied Statistics, University of Lancaster; Dale, A.M., Labor market structure in the United Kingdom (1987) Work and Occupations, 14 (4), pp. 558-590; Dale, A., Occupational inequality, gender and life cycle (1987) Work, Employment and Society, 1 (3), pp. 326-351; Dale, A., Egerton, M., (1997) Highly Educated Women: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , Research Report 25, Department for Education and Employment, London; Davies, R.B., Pickles, A.R., Longitudinal versus cross-sectional methods for behavioural research: A first round knockout (1985) Environment and Planning A, 17, pp. 1315-1329; Dex, S., (1984) Women's Work Histories: An Analysis of the Women and Employment Survey, , Research paper No. 46, Department of Employment, London; Dex, S., (1987) Women's Occupational Mobility: A Lifetime Perspective, , Macmillan, Basingstoke; Dex, S., Joshi, H., Macran, S., McCulloch, A., Women's employment transitions around child bearing (1998) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 60, pp. 79-97; (1997) Mothers, Families and Employment: Parents and the Labour Market in Britain 1984-1994, , Research Report No. 10, DfEE, London; Egerton, M., (1996) Occupational Inheritance: The Role of Education and Gender, , CCSR Occasional Paper No. 8, CCSR, FESS, University of Manchester; Egerton, M., Occupational inheritance: The role of cultural capital and gender (1997) Work, Employment and Society, 11 (2), pp. 262-282; Elliott, J., Dale, A., Egerton, M., Returning to work after childbirth: A longitudinal analysis of the role of qualifications in facilitating mothers' return to paid employment Restructuring Work and the Life Course, , Marshall, V. W., Heinz, W. R., Krueger, H. and Verma, A. (eds) University of Toronto Press, Toronto; Childcare in the European communities 1985-90 (1990) Women of Europe Supplement No. 31, 31. , DGX, European Commission, Brussels; Even, W.E., Career interruptions following childbirth (1987) Journal of Labor Economics, 5 (2), pp. 255-277; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Gronau, R., Sex-related wage differentials and women's interrupted labor careers - The chicken or the egg (1988) Journal of Labor Economics, 6 (3), pp. 277-301; Gustafsson, S.S., Wetzels, C.M.M.P., Vlasblom, J.D., Dex, S., Women's labour force transitions in connection with childbirth: A panel data comparison between Germany, Sweden, and Great Britain (1996) Journal of Population Economics, 9 (3), pp. 223-246; Halsey, A.H., Heath, A.F., Ridge, J., (1980) Origins and Destinations; Family, Class and Education in Modern Britain, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Heath, A.F., Mills, C., Roberts, J., Towards meritocracy? Recent evidence on an old problem (1992) Social Research and Social Reform, pp. 217-244. , Crouch, C. and Heath, A. (eds) Clarendon Press, Oxford; Joshi, H., Newell, M.-L., (1987) Pay Differences between Men and Women: Longitudinal Evidence from the 1946 Birth Cohort, , Discussion Paper Series No. 156, Centre for Economic Policy Research; Joshi, H., Hinde, P.R.A., Employment after childbearing in post-war Britain: Cohort study evidence on contrasts within and across generations (1993) European Sociological Review, 9 (3), pp. 203-227; Joshi, H., Macran, S., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing and women's subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort (1996) Journal of Population Economics, 9, pp. 325-348; Joshi, H., Paci, P., Waldfogel, J., (1996) The Wages of Motherhood: Better or Worse?, , Welfare State Programme/122, STICERD, London School of Economics; Kalbfleisch, J.D., Prentice, R.L., (1980) The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, , John Wiley, New York; Macran, S., Joshi, H., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing: A survival analysis (1996) Work, Employment and Society, 10 (2), pp. 273-296; Martin, J., Roberts, C., (1984) Women and Employment: A Lifetime Perspective, , HMSO, London; McRae, S., Returning to work after childbirth: Opportunities and inequalities (1993) European Sociological Review, 9 (2), pp. 125-138; Mincer, J., Ofek, H., Interrupted work careers: Depreciation and restoration of human capital (1982) Journal of Human Resources, 17, pp. 3-24; Pfau-Effinger, B., Culture or structure as explanations for differences in part-time work in Germany, Finland and the Netherlands (1998) Part-time Prospects, pp. 177-198. , O'Reilly, J. O. and Fagan, C. (eds) Routledge, London; Robinson, P., Women's occupational attainment (1986) Social Science Research, 15, pp. 323-346; Rubery, J., Fagan, C., Smith, M., (1998) Women and European Employment, , Routledge, London; Savage, M., Egerton, M., Social mobility, individual ability and the inheritance of class inequality (1997) Sociology, 31 (4), pp. 645-672; Stewart, M.B., Greenhalgh, C.A., Work history patterns and the occupational attainment of women (1984) Economic Journal, 94, pp. 493-519; Waldfogel, J., (1993) Women Working for Less: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Family Gap, , Welfare State Programme, No. WSP/93, STICERD, London School of Economics; Yamaguchi, K., (1991) Event History Analysis, , Sage, Newbury Park, Calif UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035537061&doi=10.1093%2fesr%2f17.2.145&partnerID=40&md5=d5722f3057bc0724d5ea3a6b033b434e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fetal and neonatal death from maternally acquired infection T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 54 EP - 60 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00314.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Embleton, N.D. AD - Newcastle Neonatal Service, Department of Child Health, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom AB - Infection is a potentially preventable cause of perinatal mortality but there is only limited epidemiological information on which to develop prophylactic guidelines. The aim of this study was to determine the population incidence of perinatal death from maternally acquired infection and to describe the responsible organisms and antibiotic sensitivities, and also the associated risk factors. Fetal and neonatal deaths from perinatal infection in the former Northern Health Region, United Kingdom, were identified for the years 1981-96 using data held by the Perinatal Mortality Survey, and the obstetric, paediatric and pathology case notes were reviewed. Maternally acquired bacterial infection of the baby was identified as responsible for 60 pre-delivery deaths and 142 post-delivery deaths among babies of 24 or more weeks gestation at birth between 1981 and 1996. There were 630 206 livebirths and 3591 registered stillbirths in the survey area during this time. Bacterial infection was also considered the primary cause of death in 64 fetuses where delivery occurred at 20-23 weeks gestation between 1989 and 1996. Although group B streptococcus was the commonest single organism it was only responsible for 30% of all infectious deaths from 24 weeks gestation onwards. Ampicillin resistance was more common in the second half of the study. Infection remains an important cause of perinatal mortality but responsible organisms and antibiotic sensitivities have changed significantly over time. Although 80% of the post-delivery deaths would have received intrapartum antibiotics if current guidelines had been in place, the choice of antibiotics and identification of risk groups requires careful consideration. KW - ampicillin KW - antibiotic resistance KW - antibiotic sensitivity KW - article KW - bacterial infection KW - disease association KW - Escherichia coli KW - female KW - human KW - incidence KW - Listeria KW - male KW - newborn KW - newborn infection KW - newborn mortality KW - perinatal infection KW - perinatal mortality KW - risk factor KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - United Kingdom KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Bacterial Infections KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Gestational Age KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Population Surveillance KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 11237116 LA - English N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Anti-Bacterial Agents N1 - References: Boyer, K.M., Gotoff, S.P., Prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease with selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis (1986) New England Journal of Medicine, 314, pp. 1665-1669; Schrag, S.J., Zywicki, S., Farley, M.M., Reingold, A.L., Harrison, L.H., Lefkowitz, L.B., Group B streptococcal disease in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (2000) New England Journal of Medicine, 342, pp. 15-20; Revised guidelines for prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) infection (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 489-496; Prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease in newborns (1996) International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 54, pp. 197-205. , Number 173, June 1996. Committee on Obstetric Practice, American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists; (2000) Interim 'best practice' recommendations for the prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal infection in the UK, , London, UK: British Association of Perinatal Medicine. May; Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: A public health perspective (1996) MMWR-Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 45 (7), pp. 1-24; Amstey, M.S., Gibbs, R.S., Is penicillin G a better choice than ampicillin for prophylaxis of neonatal group B streptococcal infections? (1994) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 84, pp. 1058-1059; Klein, J.O., Marcy, S.M., Bacterial sepsis and meningitis (1996), pp. 835-890. , Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. Editors: Remington JS, Klein JO. Philadelphia, USA: W.B. Saunders Company; Perinatal mortality: A continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) British Medical Journal, 288, pp. 1717-1720; Cole, S.K., Hey, E.N., Thomson, A.M., Classifying perinatal death: An obstetric approach (1986) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 93, pp. 1204-1212; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: Fetal and neonatal factors (1986) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 93, pp. 1213-1223; Tin, W., Wariyar, U.K., Hey, E.N., Selection biases invalidate current low birthweight weight-for-gestation standards. The Northern Neonatal Network (1997) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 104, pp. 180-185; Stoll, B.J., Gordon, T., Korones, S.B., Shankaran, S., Tyson, J.E., Bauer, C.R., Early-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: A report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (1996) Journal of Pediatrics, 129, pp. 72-80; Philip, A.G., The changing face of neonatal infection: Experience at a regional medical center (1994) Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 13, pp. 1098-1102; Freedman, R.M., Ingram, D.L., Gross, I., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Warshaw, J.B., Baltimore, R.S., A half century of neonatal sepsis at Yale: 1928 to 1978 (1981) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 135, pp. 140-144; Barson, A.J., A postmortem study of infection in the newborn from 1976 to 1988 (1990), pp. 13-34. , Infection in the Newborn. Editors: de Louvois J, Harvey D. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; Embleton, N.D., Wariyar, U.K., Hey, E.N., Mortality from early-onset group B streptococcal infection in the United Kingdom (1999) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 80, pp. F139-F141; Joseph, T.A., Pyati, S.P., Jacobs, N., Neonatal early-onset Escherichia coli disease: The effect of intrapartum ampicillin (1998) Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 152, pp. 35-40; Lamont, R.F., New approaches in the management of preterm labour of infective aetiology (1998) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 105, pp. 134-137; Isaacs, D., Prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal infection: Screen, treat, or observe? (1998) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 79, pp. F81-F82 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035138209&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-3016.2001.00314.x&partnerID=40&md5=e34833d03067fdd2748399d265410345 ER - TY - JOUR TI - System effects on educational achievement: A British-American comparison T2 - Social Science Research J2 - Soc. Sci. Res. VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 497 EP - 528 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1006/ssre.2001.0709 SN - 0049089X (ISSN) AU - Kerckhoff, A.C. AU - Haney, L.B. AU - Glennie, E. AD - Duke University, United States AD - University of Wisconsin, United States AB - Societal variations in the organization of educational institutions are thought to affect the distribution of students into levels of educational achievement. This paper analyzes the diverging achievements of British and American cohorts as they pass through secondary and post-secondary education. The ways students' locations in the systems' structures deflect their achievements are charted, and the cumulative effects of those deflections between the ages of 16 and 28 are estimated. Despite the more stratified and standardized organization of the British educational system, and despite its sharper differentiation between academic and vocational credentials, the cumulative deflections during these years are greater in the United States. Explaining this outcome requires an understanding of both organizational and normative differences between the two systems. © 2001 Academic Press. KW - Comparative education KW - Education systems KW - Educational achievement KW - Organization effects N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kerckhoff, A.C.; Department of Sociology, Duke University, Box 90088, Durham, NC 27708, United States; email: alkerck@soc.duke.edu N1 - References: Allmendinger, J., "Educational systems and labor market outcomes" (1989) European Sociological Review, 5, pp. 231-250; Arum, R., Hout, M., "The early returns: The transition from school to work in the United States" (1998), pp. 471-510. , in From School to Work: A Comparative Study of Educational Qualifications and Occupational Destinations (Y. Shavit and W. Müller, Eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford; Apling, R.N., "Proprietary schools and their students" (1993) Journal of Higher Education, 64, pp. 379-416; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., "Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis" (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50, pp. 1-27; Bynner, J., Fogelman, K., "Making the grade: Education and training experiences" (1993), pp. 36-59. , in Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study (E. Ferri, Ed.), National Children's Bureau, London; (1999), Department of Education and Employment Learning to Succeed: A New Framework for Post-16 Learning, CM 4392, Department of Education and Employment; Frane, J., "Description and estimation of missing data" (1990) BMDP Statistical Software Manual, 2, pp. 873-889. , (W. J. Dixon, chief ed.), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA; Gamoran, A., "Measuring curriculum differentiation" (1989) American Journal of Education, 97, pp. 129-143; Gamoran, A., "Educational stratification and individual careers" (1996) Generating Social Stratification: Toward a New Research Agenda, pp. 59-74. , (A. C. Kerckhoff, Ed.), Westview Press, Boulder, CO; Gamoran, A., Mare, R.D., "Secondary school stratification and educational inequality: Compensation, reinforcement, or neutrality?" (1989) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 1146-1183; Goldstein, H., "A study of the response rates of sixteen-year-olds in the National Child Development Study" (1976), pp. 63-70. , in Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds (K. Fogelman, Ed.), National Children's Bureau, London; Heath, A., Cheung, S.Y., "Education and occupation in Britain" (1998), pp. 71-101. , in From School to Work: A Comparative Study of Educational Qualifications and Occupational Destinations (Y. Shavit and W. Müller, Eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford; Hutchison, D., "Response to a National Longitudinal Study: Policy and academic implications in the study of change (1983), Occasional Papers of the National Children's Bureau, National Children's Bureau, London; Jacobs, J.A., "Gender inequality and higher education" (1996) Annual Review of Sociology, 22, pp. 153-185; Jacobs, J., Stoner-Eby, S., "Adult enrollment and educational attainment" (1998) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 559, pp. 91-108; Kerckhoff, A.C., "The realism of educational ambitions in England and the United States" (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 563-571; Kerckhoff, A.C., Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections (1993), Cambridge University Press, New York; Kerckhoff, A.C., Fogelman, K., Crook, D., Reeder, D., Going Comprehensive in England and Wales: A Study of Uneven Change (1996), Woburn Press, London; Kerckhoff, A.C., Bell, L., "Hidden capital: Vocational credentials and attainment in the United States" (1998) Sociology of Education, 71, pp. 152-174; Kerckhoff, A.C., Glennie, E., "The Matthew Effect in American education" (1999) Research in Sociology of Education and Socialization, 12, pp. 35-66; Lucas, S.R., Tracking Inequality: Stratification and Mobility in American High Schools (1999), Teachers College Press, New York; Maurice, M., Sellier, F., Silvestre, J.-J., The Social Foundations of Industrial Power: A Comparison of France and Germany (1986), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; Mortimer, J.T., Krüger, H., "Pathways from school to work in Germany and the United States" (2000) Handbook of the Sociology of Education, pp. 475-497. , (M. T. Hallinan, Ed.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York; Müller, W., Shavit, Y., "The institutional embeddedness of the stratification process: A comparative study of qualifications and occupations in thirteen countries" (1998), pp. 1-48. , in From School to Work: A Comparative Study of Educational Qualifications and Occupational Destinations (Y. Shavit and W. Müller, Eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford; The Condition of Education (1995), National Center for Educational Statistics National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC; Measuring Participation in Adult Education (1997), National Center for Educational Statistics National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC; Pallas, A.M., Entwisle, D.R., Alexander, K.L., Stluka, M.F., "Ability-group effects: Instructional, social, or institutional" (1994) Sociology of Education, 67, pp. 27-46; Shavit, Y., Blossfeld, H.-P., Persisting Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries (1993), Westview Press, Boulder, CO; Spring, J., The Sorting Machine: National Educational Policy Since 1945 (1976), David McKay, New York; Turner, R.H., "Sponsored and contest mobility and the school system" (1960) American Sociological Review, 25, pp. 855-867 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035698320&doi=10.1006%2fssre.2001.0709&partnerID=40&md5=bd3fc15dfa8aabf818f142876b2dcdcf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incidence of reading disability in a population-based birth cohort, 1976-1982, Rochester, Minn T2 - Mayo Clinic Proceedings J2 - Mayo Clin. Proc. VL - 76 IS - 11 SP - 1081 EP - 1092 PY - 2001 DO - 10.4065/76.11.1081 SN - 00256196 (ISSN) AU - Katusic, S.K. AU - Colligan, R.C. AU - Barbaresi, W.J. AU - Schaid, D.J. AU - Jacobsen, S.J. AD - Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States AD - Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States AD - Department of Pediatric, Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States AD - Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States AB - Objective: To report the incidence of reading disability among school-aged children. Subjects and Methods: In this population-based, retrospective birth cohort study, subjects included all 5718 children born between 1976 and 1982 who remained in Rochester, Minn, after the age of 5 years. Based on records from all public and nonpublic schools, medical facilities, and private tutorial services and on results of all individually administered IQ and achievement tests, extensive medical, educational, and socioeconomic information were abstracted. Reading disability was established with use of research criteria based on 4 formulas (2 regression-based discrepancy, 1 non-regression-based discrepancy, and 1 low achievement). Results: Cumulative incidence rates of reading disability varied from 5.3% to 11.8% depending on the formula used. Boys were 2 to 3 times more likely to be affected than girls, regardless of the identification methods applied. Conclusions: In this population-based birth cohort, reading disability was common among school-aged children and significantly more frequent among boys than girls, regardless of definition. KW - CI = confidence interval KW - DS = discrepancy [nonregression method] KW - IEP = individual education program KW - Isd = independent school district KW - LA = low-achievement [method] KW - LD = learning disability KW - RCDIM = reading center/dyslexia institute of minnesota KW - RD = reading disability KW - RFM = regression formula-Minnesota KW - RFSh = regression formula-Shaywitz KW - RR = relative risk KW - article KW - dyslexia KW - female KW - human KW - incidence KW - intelligence quotient KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - school KW - school child KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics N1 - Cited By :165 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C7 - 62498 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Katusic, S.K.; Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States N1 - References: Lyon, G.R., Learning disabilities (1996) Future Child, 6, pp. 54-76; Lyon, G.R., Research initiatives in learning disabilities: Contributions from scientists supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1995) J Child Neurol, 10, pp. S120-S126; Lerner, J.W., Educational interventions in learning disabilities (1989) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 28, pp. 326-331; Critchley, M., (1970) The Dyslexic Child. 2nd ed., , London, England: Heinemann Medical; Moats, L.C., Lyon, G.R., Learning disabilities in the United States: Advocacy, science, and the future of the field (1993) J Learn Disabil, 26, pp. 282-294; Shaywitz, S.E., Dyslexia (1998) N Engl J Med, 338, pp. 307-312; Shaywitz, B.A., Shaywitz, S.E., Pugh, K.R., Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language (1995) Nature, 373, pp. 607-609; Paulesu, E., Démonet, J.F., Fazio, F., Dyslexia: Cultural diversity and biological unity (2001) Science, 291, pp. 2165-2167; Alarcón, M., DeFries, J.C., Fulker, D.W., Etiology of individual differences in reading performance: A test of sex limitation (1995) Behav Genet, 25, pp. 17-23; Berger, M., Yule, W., Rutter, M., Attainment and adjustment in two geographical areas, II: The prevalence of specific reading retardation (1975) Br J Psychiatry, 126, pp. 510-519; Flannery, K.A., Liederman, J., Daly, L., Schultz, J., Male prevalence for reading disability is found in a large sample of black and white children free from ascertainment bias (2000) J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 6, pp. 433-442; Shaywitz, S.E., Shaywitz, B.A., Fletcher, J.M., Escobar, M.D., Prevalence of reading disability in boys and girls: Results of the Connecticut longitudinal study (1990) JAMA, 264, pp. 998-1002; Mausner, J.S., Kramer, S., (1985) Epidemiology: An Introductory Text, p. 51. , Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; Liddell, F.D., The development of cohort studies in epidemiology: A review (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 1217-1237; Melton, L.J., History of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (1996) Mayo Clin Proc, 71, pp. 266-274; Kurland, L.T., Elveback, L.R., Nobrega, F.T., Population studies in Rochester and Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1900-1968 (1970) The Community as an Epidemiologic Laboratory: A Casebook of Community Studies, pp. 47-70. , Kessler II, Levin ML, eds. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Press; Katusic, S.K., Colligan, R.C., Barbaresi, W.J., Schaid, D.J., Jacobsen, S.J., Potential influence of migration bias in birth cohort studies (1998) Mayo Clin Proc, 73, pp. 1053-1061; (1998) SLD, Companion Manual. Rev ed., pp. 51-511. , Roseville: Minnesota Educational Services, September; Fletcher, J.M., Shaywitz, S.E., Shankweiler, D.P., Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions (1994) J Educ Psychol, 86, pp. 6-23; Shaywitz, B.A., Fletcher, J.M., Holahan, J.M., Shaywitz, S.E., Discrepancy compared to low achievement definitions of reading disability: Results from the Connecticut longitudinal study (1992) J Learn Disabil, 25, pp. 639-648; Stanovich, K.E., Siegel, L.S., Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: A regression-based test of the phonologicalcore variable-difference model (1994) J Educ Psychol, 86, pp. 24-53; Kaplan, E.L., Meier, P., Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations (1958) J Am Stat Assoc, 53, pp. 457-481; Kalbfleisch, J.D., Prentice, R.L., (1980) The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, p. 14. , New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Shaywitz, S.E., Escobar, M.D., Shaywitz, B.A., Fletcher, J.M., Makuch, R., Evidence that dyslexia may represent the lower tail of a normal distribution of reading ability (1992) N Engl J Med, 326, pp. 145-150; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , London, England: Longman Group Ltd; Werner, E., Bierman, J.M., French, F.E., Reproductive and environmental casualties: A report on the 10-year follow-up of the children of the Kauai pregnancy study (1968) Pediatrics, 42, pp. 112-127; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., An epidemiologic perspective on some antecedents and consequences of childhood mental health problems and learning disabilities: A report from the Kauai longitudinal study (1979) J Am Acad Child Psychiatry, 18, pp. 292-306; Hennekens, C.H., Buring, J.E., Measures of disease frequency and association (1987) Epidemiology in Medicine, pp. 54-66. , Mayrent SL, ed. Boston, Mass: Little Brown & Co Inc; Lovell, K., Shapton, D., Warren, N.S., A study of some cognitive and other disabilities in backward readers of average intelligence as assessed by a non-verbal test (1964) Br J Educ Psychol, 34, pp. 58-64; Shaywitz, B.A., Fletcher, J.M., Shaywitz, S.E., Defining and classifying learning disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1995) J Child Neurol, 10, pp. S50-S57; Shaywitz, S.E., Dyslexia (1996) Sci Am, 275, pp. 98-104; Rosenberg, M.S., Bott, D., Majsterek, D., Minimum standards for the description of participants in learning disabilities research (1993) J Learn Disabil, 26, pp. 210-213; Shaywitz, B.A., Waxman, S.G., Dyslexia (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 1268-1270; Hammill, D.D., A brief look at the learning disabilities movement in the United States (1993) J Learn Disabil, 26, pp. 295-310; Morris, R., Lyon, G.R., Alexander, D., Proposed guidelines and criteria for describing samples of persons with learning disabilities (1994) Learn Disabil Q, 17, pp. 105-109; Bateman, B.D., Learning disabilities-yesterday, today and tomorrow (1964) Except Child, 31, p. 167; Definition and criteria for defining students as learning disabled (1977) Fed Regist, 42 (250), p. 65083; Pub L No. 101-476. Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1990; Hammill, D.D., On defining learning disabilities: An emerging consensus (1990) J Learn Disabil, 23, pp. 74-84; Mercer, C.D., Jordan, L.A., Allsopp, D.H., Mercer, A.R., Learning disabilities definitions and criteria used by state education departments (1996) Learn Disabil Q, 19, pp. 217-232; Pennington, B.F., Genetics of learning disabilities (1995) J Child Neurol, 10, pp. S69-S77; Lyon, G.R., Toward a definition of dyslexia (1995) Ann Dyslexia, 45, pp. 3-30 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034758491&doi=10.4065%2f76.11.1081&partnerID=40&md5=8a52439d3430fb1b164c299d509c7b90 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Family lifestyle and parental body mass index as predictors of body mass index in Australian children: A longitudinal study T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 147 EP - 157 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801538 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Burke, V. AU - Beilin, L.J. AU - Dunbar, D. AD - Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Western Australian Heart Research Institute, Perth, Australia AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between body mass index (BMI) and family characteristics, including lifestyle, in parents and offspring from Australian families. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Longitudinal survey of 219 families of Australian children who had been surveyed 3-yearly between the ages of 9 and 18 y. MEASUREMENTS: Socio-economic status, weight and height, diet from 3 day records or food frequency questionnaires, alcohol consumption, smoking habits and physical fitness in offspring (bicycle ergometry in 18-y-olds). RESULTS: In 18-y-olds, in models examining offspring's lifestyle variables, BMI was predicted negatively by physical fitness (P = 0.012), and positively by alcohol intake (P = 0.046) in sons while, in daughters, only a negative association with physical fitness was significant. In models including parental characteristics, BMI in 18-y-old sons and daughters was significantly predicted by mothers' and fathers' BMI, independently of offsprings' alcohol intake, smoking, physical fitness and parents' education, and, in daughters, by fathers' alcohol intake. These models explained 48% of variance in daughters and 33% in sons. In both sons and daughters, BMI over the 9 y of the survey was consistently higher in offspring with overweight or obese fathers (P = 0.033 for sons, P = 0.024 for daughters) or mothers (P = 0.031 for sons, P = 0.037 for daughters). Physical fitness at the ages of 12, 15 and 18 y was negatively related to fathers' obesity in daughters and mothers' obesity in sons. Obesity in fathers was associated with a four-fold increase in risk of obesity at the age of 18y in both sons and daughters with an independent eight-fold increase in risk for daughters if mothers were obese. Birthweight was unrelated to overweight or obesity in the 18-y-olds. Alcohol intake in sons related significantly to alcohol intake in either parent while, for daughters, there was a significant association only with fathers' alcohol consumption. In daughters, fat intake was positively associated with fat intake score in both fathers and mothers. CONCLUSION: Parental overweight or obesity may identify children at risk for a range of unhealthy behaviours. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle targeting overweight families, particularly in lower socio-economic groups, should be a priority. KW - Alcohol drinking KW - Body mass index KW - Diet KW - Family health KW - Obesity KW - Physical activity KW - alcohol KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - Australia KW - bicycle ergometry KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child parent relation KW - controlled study KW - diet KW - fat intake KW - female KW - fitness KW - high risk population KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - school child KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Australia KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Promotion KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Parents KW - Physical Fitness KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :143 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 11410813 LA - English N1 - Funding details: National Health and Medical Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council N1 - Funding details: Australian Rotary Health, Australian Rotary Health N1 - Funding details: Healthway, Healthway N1 - Funding text: This study was supported by a Program Grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Australian Rotary Health Fund and by the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation. We thank the young men and women who participated in the survey. N1 - References: Garn, S.M., Sullivan, T.V., Hawthorne, V.M., Fatness and obesity of the parents of obese individuals (1989) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 1308-1313; Borecki, I.B., Bonney, G.E., Rice, T., Bouchard, C., Rao, D.C., Influence of genotype-dependent effects of covariates on the outcome of segregation analysis of body mass index (1993) Am J Hum Genet, 53, pp. 676-687; Maes, H.H., Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., Genetic and environmental factors in body weight and human adiposity (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 325-351; Faith, M.S., Johnson, S.L., Allison, D.B., Putting the behavior into the behavior genetics of obesity (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 423-439; Hashimoto, N., Kawasaki, T., Kikuchi, T., Takahashi, H., Uchiyama, M., Influence of parental obesity on the physical constitution of preschool children in Japan (1995) Act Paed Japon, 37, pp. 150-153; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) New Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Berenson, G.S., Wattigney, W.A., Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Radhakrishnamurthy, B., Rationale to study the early natural history of heart disease: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1995) Am J Med Sci, 310, pp. S22-S28; Kelder, S.H., Perry, C.L., Klepp, K.I., Lytle, L.L., Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity and food choice behaviours (1994) Am J Publ Health, 84, pp. 1121-1126; Boulton, T.J., Magarey, A.M., Cockington, R.A., Tracking of serum lipids and dietary energy, fat and calcium intake from 1 to 15 y (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 1050-1055; Rossow, I., Rise, J., Concordance of parental and adolescent health behaviours (1994) Social Sci Med, 38, pp. 1299-1305; Rebbeck, T.R., Turner, S.T., Sing, C.F., Probability of having hypertension: Effects of sex, history of hypertension in parents and other risk factors (1996) J Clin Epidemiol, 49, pp. 727-732; Milligan, R.A.K., Burke, V., Beilin, L.J., Dunbar, D.L., Spencer, M.J., Balde, E., Gracey, M.P., Influence of gender and socio-economic status on dietary patterns and nutrient intakes in 18 year-old Australians (1998) NZ J Public Health, 22, pp. 485-493; McLennan, W., (1990) Socio-economic indexes for areas, , Catalogue no. 1356.0. Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra; Rowland, T.W., Rambusch, J.M., Staab, J.S., Unnithan, V.B., Siconolfi, S.F., Accuracy of physical working capacity (PWC170) in estimating aerobic fitness in children (1993) J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 33, pp. 184-188; Leger, L., Lambert, J., Goulet, A., Rowan, C., Dinelle, Y., Aerobic capacity of Quebecois aged 6-17: The 20 metre shuttle run test with one-minute stages (1984) Can J Appl Sci, 9, pp. 64-69; (1992) Is there a safe level of daily consumption of alcohol for men and women?, , Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra; Milligan, R.A., Thompson, C., Vandongen, R., Beililn, L.J., Burke, V., Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in Australian adolescents: Association with dietary excess and deficencies (1995) J Cardiovasc Risk, 2, pp. 515-523; Dobson, A.J., Blijlevens, R., Alexander, H.M., Croce, N., Heller, R.E., Higginbotham, N., Pike, G., Walker, R., Short fat questionnaire: A self-administered measure of fatintake behaviour (1993) Aust J Publ Health, 17, pp. 144-149; Harvey, P.W.J., Althaus, M.-M., The distribution of body mass index in Australian children (1993) Aust J Nutr Diet, 50, pp. 151-153; (1998) Clinical guidelines in the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults The Evidence Report, , NIH publication 98-4083. NIH: Bethesda, MD; Barker, M., Robinson, S., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Birth weight and body fat distribution in adolescent girls (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 381-383; Hammer, L.D., Kraemer, H.C., Wilson, D.M., Ritter, P.L., Dornbusch, S.M., Standarized percentile curves of body-mass index for children and adolescents (1991) Am J Dis Child, 145, pp. 259-263; Guillaume, M., Lapidus, L., Bjorntorp, P., Lambert, A., Physical activity, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in children. The Belgian Luxembourg Child Study II (1997) Obes Res, 5, pp. 549-546; Deheeger, M., Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Fontevieille, A.M., Physical activity and body composition in 10 y-old French children: Linkages with nutritional intake? (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 372-379; Twisk, J.W., Kemper, H.C., Van Mechelen, W., Post, G.B., Van Lenthe, F.J., Body fatness: Longitudinal relationship of body mass index and the sum of skinfolds with other risk factors for coronary heart disease (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 915-922; Guillaume, M., Bjorntorp, P., Obesity in children. Environmental and genetic aspects (1996) Horm Metab Res, 28, pp. 573-581; Lau, R.R., Quadrel, M.J., Hartman, K.A., Development and change of young adults' preventive health beliefs and behavior: Influence from parents and peers (1990) J Health Soc Behav, 31, pp. 240-259; Whaley, M.H., Blair, S.N., Epidemiology of physical activity, physical fitness and coronary heart disease (1995) J Cardiovasc Risk, 2, pp. 289-295; Bray, G.A., Popkin, B.M., Dietary fat intake does affect obesity (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68, pp. 1157-1173; Ricketts, C.D., Fat preferences, dietary fat intake and body composition in children (1997) Eur J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 778-781; Davies, P.S., Diet composition and body mass index in pre-school children (1997) Eur J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 443-448; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: A follow up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 y of age (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 573-578; Macdiarmid, J.I., Vail, A., Cade, J.E., Blundell, J.E., The sugar-fat relationship revisited: Differences in consumption between men and women of varying BMI (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 1053-1061; Rejection of food records based on estimates of energy expenditure Are we doing the right thing? (1996) Aust J Nutr Diet, 53, p. 2; Fisher, J.O., Birch, L.L., Fat preferences and fat consumption of 3 to 5-y-old children are related to parental adiposity (1995) J Am Diet Assoc, 95, pp. 759-764; Nguyen, V.T., Larson, D.E., Johnson, R.K., Goran, M.I., Fat intake and adiposity in children of lean and obese parents (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 63, pp. 507-513; Steele, P., Dobson, A., Alexander, H., Russell, A., Who eats what? A comparison of dietary patterns among men and women in different occupational groups (1991) Aust J Public Health, 15, pp. 286-295; Hill, A.J., Oliver, S., Rogers, P.J., Eating in the adult world: The rise of dieting in childhood and adolescence (1992) Br J Clin Psychol, 51, pp. 3-10; Finnegan, J.R., Viswanath, K., Rooney, B., Predictors of knowledge about healthy eating in a rural midwestern US city (1990) Health Educ Res, 5, pp. 421-431; Sorensen, T.I., Socio-economic aspects of obesity: Causes or effects? (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. S6-S8; Pomerleau, J., Pederson, L.L., Ostbye, T., Speechley, M., Speechley, K.N., Health behaviours and socio-economic status in Ontario, Canada (1997) Eur J Epidemiol, 13, pp. 613-622; Bolton-Smith, C., Smith, W.C., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Nutrient intakes of different social-class groups: Results from the Scottish Heart Health Study (1991) Br J Nutr, 65, pp. 321-335; Hulshof, K.F., Lowik, M.R., Kok, F.J., Wedel, M., Brants, H.A., Hermus, R.J., Ten Hoor, F., Diet and other life-style factors in high and low socioeconomic groups (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System) (1991) Eur J Clin Nutr, 45, pp. 441-450; Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Billete, A., Miginiac, M., Munoz, F., Rey, S., Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 721-729; Stunkard, A.J., Foch, T.T., Zdenek, H., A twin study of human obesity (1986) JAMA, 256, pp. 51-54; Stunkard, A.J., Sorenson, T.I.A., Hanis, C., Teasdale, T.W., Chatraborty, R., Schull, W.J., Shulsinger, F., An adoption study of human obesity (1986) New Engl J Med, 314, pp. 193-198; Golan, M., Weizman, A., Apter, A., Fainaru, M., Parents as the exclusive agents of change in the treatment of childhood obesity (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 1130-1135; Vandongen, R., Jenner, D.A., Thompson, C., Taggart, A.C., Spickett, E.E., Burke, V., Beilin, L.J., Dunbar, D.L., A controlled evaluation of a fitness and nutrition intervention program on cardiovascular health in 10- to 12-year-old children (1995) Prev Med, 24, pp. 9-22 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035136333&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0801538&partnerID=40&md5=e4ead6494e980571cdba00eed74535f3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents of Corrientes city. Relationship with cardiovascular risk factors T2 - Medicina J2 - Medicina (Argentina) VL - 61 IS - 3 SP - 308 EP - 314 PY - 2001 SN - 00257680 (ISSN) AU - Martínez, C.A. AU - Ibáñez, J.O. AU - Paterno, C.A. AU - De Roig Bustamante, M.S. AU - Heitz, M.I. AU - Kriskovich Juré, J.O. AU - De Bonis, G.R. AU - Cáceres, L.C. AD - Catedra Semiotecnia y Fisiopatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Moreno 1240, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina AB - The prevalence of children's obesity is increasing all over the world. It has been related to an increment of all morbimortality causes in the mature age. To determine the prevalence of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence, and correlate them with each other, we designed a cross-sectional study. A survey was applied to 2115 secondary school students, 1212 (57.3%) females and 903 (42.7%) males; blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol level were measured. Mean age: 14.8 ± 1.6.: Body Mass Index (BMI): 20.6 ± 3.1, 1838 (86.9%) normal, 230 (10.9%) where overweight and 47 (2.2%) obese, higher in males (OR=1.46; IC=1.12-1.91; p=0.03). Weekly physical activity: 3.9 ± 2.9 hs. higher in males (p<0.001). Sedentarism daily hours: 3.2 ± 1.9. Antecedents: maternal obesity 282 (13.3%), paternal 311 (14.7%) and in both 116 (6.6%). Regular consumption of fatty foods: 1711 (80.9%). SBP: 107.8 ± 13.6; DBP: 66.9 ± 11.5; MBP: 80.5 ± 10.1. We found hypertension in 64 (3%) prevalent in males (p=0.002). Cholesterol: 161.9 ± 29.2; desirable 1283 (60.7%); normal high 628 (29.5%) and high 208 (9.8%). BMI and MBP correlation was: r=0.25; r2=0.06; CI 95%: 0.02 - 0.11; b coefficient 0.83. We found a positive correlation of BMI with MBP (0.83 mm Hg increment for each point of BMI increment). We found significant association between parental obesity and alcohol consumption and BMI increment. We did not find any association with dietary habits, physical activity or sedentarism. KW - Adolescents KW - Body mass index KW - Children KW - Hypertension KW - Obesity KW - Physical activity KW - cholesterol KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - age KW - alcohol consumption KW - Argentina KW - article KW - blood pressure measurement KW - body mass KW - cardiovascular risk KW - controlled study KW - correlation function KW - eating habit KW - father KW - female KW - food intake KW - health survey KW - high school KW - human KW - hypertension KW - male KW - morbidity KW - mortality KW - mother KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - prevalence KW - school child KW - sitting KW - age distribution KW - Argentina KW - blood pressure KW - body mass KW - cardiovascular disease KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - exercise KW - genetics KW - lifestyle KW - obesity KW - risk factor KW - sex ratio KW - Adolescent KW - Age Distribution KW - Argentina KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Distribution N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: MEDCA C2 - 11474879 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Martínez, C.A.; Catedra Semiotecnia y Fisiopatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Moreno 1240, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina; email: cmartinez@med.unne.edu.ar N1 - Chemicals/CAS: cholesterol, 57-88-5 N1 - References: Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemics (1998), World Health Organization. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva 3-5 junio 1997. Geneva: WHO (WHO/NUT/98.1); (1997) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 46, pp. 198-202. , Mar 7; Gortmaker, S.I., Dietz, W.H., Sobol, A.M., Wehler, C.A., Increasing pediatric obesity in the United States (1987) J Dis Child, 141, pp. 535-540. , May; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Kukczmarsky, R.J., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1963 to 1991 (1995) Arch Pediatr Adoles Med, 149, pp. 1085-1091. , ict; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology and demographics (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (SUPPL.), pp. 497-504; Berkey, C.S., Helaine, R.H., Rockett, M.S., Activity, dietary intake, and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls (2000) Pediatrics, 105, p. 56; Nieto, F.J., Szklo, M., Comstock, G.W., Childhood weight and growth rate as predictors of adult mortality (1992) Am J Epidemiol., 136, pp. 201-213; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents (1992) N Engl J Med., 327, pp. 1350-1355. , A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med., 329, pp. 1008-1012; Dietz, W.H., Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (SUPPL.), pp. 518-525; Freedman, D.S., Dietz, W.H., Srinivisan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. 1175-1182; Canning, H., Mayer, J., Obesity- its possible effect on colleges acceptance (1966) N Engl J Med., 275, pp. 1172-1174; Strauss, R.S., Childhood obesity and self-esteem (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. e15-e18; French, S.A., Story, M., Perry, C.L., Self esteem and obesity in children and adolescents. A literature review (1995) Obes Res, 3, pp. 479-490; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med., 337, pp. 869-873; Update on the 1987 Task Force report on high blood pressure in children and adolescents (1996) Pediatrics, 98, p. 649; Cole, T.J., Bellizi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1-6; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body Mass Index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nut, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Strauss, R.S., Knight, J., Influence of the home environment on the development of obesity in children (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. e85; Nguyen, V.T., Larson, D.E., Johnson, R.K., Goran, M.I., Fat intake and adiposity in children of lean and obese parents (1996) Am J Clin Nut, 63, pp. 507-513; Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R.L., The physiology of body weight regulation: Relevance to the etiology of obesity in children (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (SUPPL. 3), pp. 525-539; Muñoz, K.A., Drebs-Smith, S.M., Ballard-Barbash, R., Cleveland, L.E., Food intakes of US children and adolescents compared with recommendations (1997) Pediatrics, 100, pp. 323-329; Birch, L.L., Fisher, J.O., Development of eating behavior among children and adolescents (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (SUPPL. 3), pp. 539-549; Berkey, C.S., Rockett, H.R., Field, A.E., Activity, dietary intake and weight changes in a longitudinal study of preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. e56; Moussa, M.A., Sallout, A.A., Nkansa-Dwamena, D., Mourad, M., Alsheik, N., Agha, N., Factors Associated with obesity in Kuwaiti Children Eur J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 41-49; Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; Robinson, T., Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1561-1567; Katzmarzyk, P.T., Perussse, L., Rao, D.C., Bouchard, C., Familial risk of overweight and obesity in the Canadian population using de WHO/NIH criteria (2000) Obes Res, 8, pp. 194-197; Whitaker, R.C., Deeks, C.M., Baughcum, A.E., Specker, B.L., The relationship of childhood adiposity to parent Body Mass Index and eating behavior (2000) Obes Res, 8, pp. 234-240; Obarzanek, E., Schreiber, G.B., Crawford, P.B., Energy intake and physical activity in relation to indexes of body fat: The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (1994) Am J Clin Nut, 6, pp. 15-22; Gazzaniga, J.M., Burns, T.L., Relationship between diet composition and body fatness, with adjustment for resting energy expenditure and physical activity, in preadolescent children (1993) Am J Clin Nut, 58, pp. 21-28; Mc Murray, R.G., Harrel, J., Deng, S., Bradley, C.B., Cox, L., Bangdiwala, S.I., The influence of physical activity, socioeconomic status and ethnicity on the weight status of adolescents (2000) Obes Res, 8, pp. 130-139; Monteiro, C.A., Benicio, M.H.D.A., Funes, R.E., Gouveia, N.C., Taddei, J.A.A.C., Cardoso, M.A.P., Nutritional status of Brazilian children. Trends from 1975 to 1989 (1992) Bull WHO, 70, pp. 657-666; Burns, T.L., Moll, P.P., Lauer, R.M., Increased familial cardiovascular mortality in obese schoolchildren: The Muscatine Ponderosity Family Study (1992) Pediatrics, 89, pp. 262-268; Kemper, H.C., Post, G.B., Twisk, J.W., Van Mechelen, W., Lifestyle and obesity in adolescence and young adulthood: Results from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS) (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23 (SUPPL. 3), pp. s34-s40; Deheeger, M., Rolland-Cachera, N.F., Fontvieille, A.M., Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: Linkages with nutritional intake (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, p. 372; Guillaume, M., Lapidus, L., Bjorntorp, P., Lambert, A., Physical activity, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in children (1997) Obes Res, 5, pp. 549-556. , The Belgian Luxembourg Child Study II; Paterno, C., Pramparo, C., Montagna, H., Tartaglione, H., Schadgrosky, H., Toranza, E., Indice de Masa Corporal en los Adolescentes. Asociación con otros factores de Riesgo Coronario. Programa FRICELA (informe preliminar) (1996) Rev Argent Cardiol, 64, pp. 49-54; Daniels, S.R., Morrison, J.A., Sprecher, D.L., Khoury, P., Kimball, T.R., Association of body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents (1999) Circulation, 99, pp. 541-545; Franklin, S.S., Gustin, W., Wong, N.D., Hemodynamic pattern of age-related changes in blood pressure (1997) Circulation, 96, pp. 308-315. , The Framingham Heart Study; Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents (1992) Pediatrics, 89, pp. 525-584. , American Academy of Pediatrics. National Cholesterol Education Program; Bidoggia, H., Maciel, J.P., Esper, R., Buzzi, A., De Simone, J., Presión arterial (1998) Semiología, Semiotecnia y Medicina Interna, p. 490. , En Sanguinetti, CA et al, 7a Edición, Buenos Aires: López Editores UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034761415&partnerID=40&md5=85635875ef7e8afd00c695f16df3ca89 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in adiposity and body mass index from late childhood to adult life in the Trois-Rivières study T2 - American Journal of Human Biology J2 - Am. J. Human Biol. VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 349 EP - 355 PY - 2001 DO - 10.1002/ajhb.1058 SN - 10420533 (ISSN) AU - Trudeau, F. AU - Shephard, R.J. AU - Arsenault, F. AU - Laurencelle, L. AD - Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada AD - Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada AB - This study explored tracking of the body mass index (BMI) in a representative subgroup of subjects (95 women and 96 men) who were involved in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study by testing autocorrelations between data for 10, 11, and 12 years and corresponding values at ′34 years of age. Tracking of skinfold measurements (subscapular, triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal, and their sum) over the same intervals (60 women and 52 men) was also evaluated. After the age of 12 years, subjects showed a similar development of absolute values, whether they were from the experimental or the control group. Gains of the BMI and skinfold thicknesses showed expected gender differences. In particular, men showed larger gains of the BMI and abdominal skinfolds, whereas women had larger gains in the triceps skinfold. Increases in the sum of four skinfolds did not differ significantly between men and women, suggesting that the larger BMI gains in men were caused by a larger relative increase of fat-free mass in the men. Tracking coefficients for the BMI were lower in men than in women between 10, 11, 12, and 34 years (r = 0.43-0.49 vs. r = 0.64-0.70, P < 0.001). The results indicate that the body composition of participants in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development study developed in a similar fashion whether or not their primary school instruction included additional physical education instruction. The results also suggest that prediction of adult obesity based on childhood BMI measurements is more effective in girls than in boys. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. KW - fat KW - abdomen KW - adult KW - article KW - body composition KW - body mass KW - body regions KW - child KW - child development KW - child growth KW - childhood KW - clinical research KW - controlled study KW - correlation function KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - iliac bone KW - life KW - male KW - obesity KW - physical education KW - prediction KW - primary school KW - priority journal KW - scapula KW - sex difference KW - skinfold thickness KW - statistical analysis KW - triceps brachii muscle KW - Adipose Tissue KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Composition KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Physical Education and Training KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Quebec KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Skinfold Thickness N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 11460900 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Trudeau, F.; Dept. des Sciences l'activite Phys., Univ. Québec a Trois-Rivieres, 3351 boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivieres, QC G9A 5H7, Canada N1 - References: Beunen, G., Lefevre, J., Claessens, A.L., Lysens, R., Maes, H., Renson, R., Simons, J., van den Bosch, C., Age-specific correlation analysis of longitudinal physical fitness levels in men (1992) Eur J Appl Physiol, 64, pp. 538-545; Blair, D., Habicht, J.P., Sims, E.A.H., Sylvester, D., Abraham, S., Evidence for an increased risk for hypertension with centrally located body fat and the effect of race and sex on this risk (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 526-540; Bloom, B.S., (1964), Stability and change in human characteristics. New York: Wiley; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-year follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Forbes, G.B., Growth of the lean body mass during childhood and adolescence (1972) J Pediatr, 64, pp. 822-827; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Siervogel, R.M., Age- and maturity-related changes in body composition during adolescence into adulthood: The FELS longitudinal Study (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 1167-1175; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 years (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Haffner, S.M., Stern, M.P., Hazuda, H.P., Pugh, J., Patterson, J.K., Do upper-body and centralized adiposity measure different aspects of regional body-fat distribution? (1987) Diabetes, 36, pp. 43-51; Katzmarzyk, P.T., Pérusse, L., Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C., Seven-year stability of indicators of obesity and adipose tissue distribution in the Canadian population (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 69, pp. 1123-1129; Laurencelle, L., Quirion, A., Nadeau, S., Lactate threshold determination: A Monte Carlo comparison of two interpolation methods (1994) Arch Int Physiol Biochim Biophys, 102, pp. 43-49; Lefevre, J., Beunen, G., Claessens, A.L., Lysens, R., Maes, H., Renson, R., Simons, J., Vanreusel, B., Stability in level of subcutaneous fat between adolescence and adulthood (1990), 4, pp. 20-26. , Beunen G, Ghesquière J, Reybrouck T, Claessens AL, editors. Children and exercise, Schriftenreibe der Hamburg-Mannheimer-Stiftung für Informationsmedizin. Stuttgart: Enke; Malina, R.M., Koziel, S., Bielicki, T., Variation in subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution associated with age, sex, and maturation (1999) Am J Hum Biol, 11, pp. 189-200; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Quételet, A., (1833), Recherches sur le poids de l'homme aux différents âges. Bruxelles: M. Hayes, L'Académie Royale; Roche, A.F., Siervogel, R.M., Chumlea, W.C., Reed, R.B., Valadian, I., Eichorn, D., McCammon, R.W., (1982), Serial changes in subcutaneous fat thicknesses of children and adults. Basel: Karger; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Bellisle, F., Deheeger, M., Pequignot, F., Sempe, M., Influence of body fat distribution during childhood on body fat distribution in adulthood: A two-decade follow-up study (1990) Int J Obes, 14, pp. 473-481; Shephard, R.J., Long-term studies of physical activity in children-The Trois-Rivières experience (1985), pp. 252-259. , Binkhorst RA, Kemper HCG, Saris WHM, editors. Children and exercise XI. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; Shephard, R.J., Lavallée, H., Impact of enhanced physical education on muscle strength of the prepubescent child (1994) Pediatr Exerc Sci, 6, pp. 75-87; Trudeau, F., Laurencelle, L., Tremblay, J., Rajic, M., Shephard, R.J., Daily primary school physical education: Effects on physical activity during adult life (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, pp. 111-117; Trudeau, F., Espindola, R., Laurencelle, L., Dulac, F., Rajic, M., Shephard, R.J., A follow-up of the TroisRivières Growth and Development study for health-related fitness and risk factors (2000) Am J Hum Biol, 12, pp. 207-213; Twisk, J., Kemper, H.C.G., Snel, J., Tracking of cardiovascular risk factors in relation to lifestyle (1985), pp. 203-224. , Kemper HCG, editor. The Amsterdam Growth Study. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; Twisk, J.W.R., Kemper, H.C.G., van Mechelen, W., Post, G.B., Tracking of risk factors for coronary heart disease over a 14-year period: A comparison between lifestyle and biologic risk factors with data from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 888-898; Van Itallie, T.B., Abraham, S., Some hazards of obesity and its treatment (1985), pp. 1-19. , Hirsh J, Van Itallie TB, editors. Recent advances in obesity research IV. London: J Libbey; van Mechelen, W., Kemper, H.C.G., Body growth, body composition, and physical fitness (1985), pp. 52-85. , Kemper HCG, editor: The Amsterdam Growth Study. Champaign: Human Kinetics; Weiner, J.S., Lourie, J.A., (1981), Practical human biology. New York: Academic Press; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035050108&doi=10.1002%2fajhb.1058&partnerID=40&md5=5b2d06fbf4991b7d3e90131cae291819 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatality & epilepsy ST - Périnatalité et épilepsie T2 - Epilepsies J2 - Epilepsies VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 22 PY - 2001 SN - 11496576 (ISSN) AU - Lamblin, M.-D. AU - D'Allest, A.-M. AD - Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Roger-Salengro, 59037 Lille Cedex, France AB - Epilepsy associated with cerebral palsy and/or cognitive impairment can be the consequence of severe antenatal or perinatal brain insults in premature and in full term neonates (Aicardi's meta-analysis, 1990). The prevalence of this epilepsy and the association between perinatal risk factors and later epilepsy have been studied: 1) in a prospective way, by cohort studies (Rantakallio and Von Wendt, 1986; Hoist et al., 1989; Greenwood et al., 1998; Perat, 1999) or by case-control studies (Bergamasco et al., 1983); 2) in a retrospective way, by looking for etiological factors in a population of epileptic children (Cusmai et al., 1993; Watanabe, 1998); West syndrome has been the most studied; authors demonstrated that frontal porencephaly and diffuse cerebral lesions are the most frequent risk factors. Selective studies in premature newborn < 33 W of GA, looked for specific risk factors in the neonatal period, Amess et al. (1998) found out a 4.8% incidence of epilepsy at 8 years follow-up; they noted also that haemorrhagic parenchymal infarction on cranial ultrasound was the most frequent lesion in these children. In very preterm surviving infants with shunt-treated hydrocephalus, Fernell et al. (1994) have pointed out an increased epileptic risk. Clancy and Legido (1991), Ortibus et al. (1996) and Bye et al. (1997) showed that the association coma-neonatal seizures, early EEG abnormalities can predict significantly later epilepsy. Such prospective studies could improve our knowledge on predictive value of clinical, EEG, and neuroradiological criteria for epileptic risk. KW - Electroencephalogram KW - Epilepsy KW - Neonatal seizures KW - Newborns-perinatal KW - Prognosis KW - article KW - brain injury KW - clinical feature KW - electroencephalography KW - epilepsy KW - human KW - perinatal period KW - prematurity KW - prognosis KW - risk factor KW - ultrasound N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPILE LA - French N1 - Correspondence Address: Lamblin, M.-D.; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Roger-Salengro, 59037 Lille Cedex, France; email: mdlamblin@chru-lille.fr N1 - References: Aicardi, J., Epilepsy in brain-injured children (1990) Dev Med Child Neurol, 32, pp. 91-202; Amess, P.N., Baudin, J., Townsend, J., Epilepsy in very preterm infants: Neonatal cranial ultrasound reveals a high-risk category (1998) Der Med Child Neurol, 40, pp. 724-730; Bergamasco, B., Benna, P., Ferrero, P., Perinatal pathology and epilepsy (1983) Epilepsy: an update on research and therapy, pp. 185-198. , Nistico G, Di Perri R, Meinardi H, eds. New York: Alan Liss; Bye, A., Cunningham, C.A., Chee, K.Y., Flanagan, D., Outcome of neonates with electrographically identified seizures, or at risk of seizures (1997) Pediatr Neurol, 6, pp. 225-231; Clancy, R.R., Legido, A., Postnatal epilepsy after EEG-confirmed neonatal seizures (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 69-76; Cusmai, R., Ricci, S., Pinard, J.M., Plouin, P., Fariello, G., Dulac, O., West syndrome due to perinatal insults (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 738-742; Fernell, E., Hagberg, G., Hagberg, B., Infantile hydrocephalus epidemiology: An indicator of enhanced survival (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 123-128; Forsgren, L., (1990) Epidemiology of seizures disorders: clinical characterization and analysis of risk factors in children with febrile convulsions, newly referred adults and mentally retarded persons with epilepsy, 270. , Umea University Medical Dissertations; Forsgren, L., Sidenvall, R., Blomquist, H., Heijbel, J., Nystrom, L., Pre- and perinatal factors in febrile convulsions (1991) Acta Paediatr Scand, 80, pp. 218-225; Greenwood, R., Golding, J., Ross, E., Verity, C., Prenatal and perinatal antecedents of febrile convulsions and a febrile seizures: Data from a national cohort study (1998) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 12 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 76-95; Gressens, P., Marret, S., Tahraoui, S.L., Lamboley, G., Evrard, P., Les dysgénésies corticales focales: Rôle de la cascade excitotoxique (1998) Épilepsies, 10, pp. 169-179; Guillem, P., (1999), RHEOP. Données communiquées en; Gurses, C., Gross, D.W., Andermann, F., Bastos, A., Dubeau, F., Melanson, D., Periventricular leukomalacia and epilepsy (1999) Neurology, 52, pp. 341-345; Holst, K., Andersen, E., Philip, J., Henningsen, I., Antenatal and perinatal conditions correlated to handicap among 4-year-old children (1989) Am J Perinatol, 6, pp. 258-267; Marin Padilla, M., Developmental neuropathology and impact of perinatal brain damage. I: Hemorrhagic lesions of neocortex (1996) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 55, pp. 758-773; Marin Padilla, M., Developmental neuropathology and impact of perinatal brain damage. II: White matter lesions of the neocortex (1997) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 56, pp. 219-235; Marin Padilla, M., Developmental neuropathology and impact of perinatal brain damage. III: Gray matter lesions of the neocortex (1999) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 58, pp. 407-429; Mercuri, E., Rutherford, M., Xoman, F., Early prognostic indications of outcome in infants with neonatal cerebral infarction: A clinical, electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging study (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. 39-46; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predisposing and causative factors in childhood epilepsy (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. S16-S24; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prenatal and perinatal antecedents of febrile seizures (1990) Ann Neurol, 27, pp. 127-131; Ortibus, E.L., Sum, J.M., Hahn, J.S., Predictive value of EEG for outcome and epilepsy following neonatal seizures (1996) Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol, 98, pp. 175-185; Perat, V., Epilepsy in cerebral palsy (1999) Epilepsia, 40 (SUPPL. 2), p. 300; Rantakallio, P., Von Wendt, L., A prospective comparative study of the aetiology of cerebral palsy and epilepsy in a one-year birth cohord from Northern Finland (1986) Acta Paediatr Scand, 75, pp. 586-592; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br Med J, 1, pp. 207-210; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., Seizure disorder in the National Child Development Study (1983) Research Progress in Epilepsy, , Rose C, ed. London: Pitman; Sinclair, D.B., Campbell, M., Byrne, P., Praseertsom, W., Robertson, C.M.T., EEG and long-term outcome of term infants with neonatal hypoxic-schemic encephalopathy (1999) Clin Neurophysiol, 10, pp. 655-659; Randomised trial of early tapping in neonatal posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation: Results at 30 months (1994) Arch Dis Child, 71, pp. F129-F136; Watanabe, K., West syndrome: Etiological and prognostic aspects (1998) Brain Dev, 20, pp. 1-8; Watanabe, K., Okumura, A., Hayakawa, F., The timing and the mode of brain insults in preterm infants who later developed West syndrome (1999) Epilepsia, 40 (SUPPL. 2), p. 216 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034968370&partnerID=40&md5=8a17264e0c3b7f7bc59a517c809cf110 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marriage or cohabitation: A competing risks analysis of first-partnership formation among the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society J2 - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc. VL - 163 IS - 2 SP - 127 EP - 151 PY - 2000 SN - 09641998 (ISSN) AU - Berrington, A. AU - Diamond, I. AD - Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom AB - A discrete time competing risks hazards model is used to analyse entry into first partnership among men and women born in Britain in 1958. Using a life course approach we identify family background and current life experiences which affect the timing and type of first-partnership formation. Education is a key factor influencing the age of entry into first partnership and whether or not the respondent will experience pregnancy before forming the partnership. Religiosity, experience of parental separation and the geographical region of residence are more important in affecting the decision to cohabit rather than to marry directly. The analyses highlight the importance of transitions in other domains such as leaving the parental home in encouraging cohabitation. KW - Birth cohort KW - Cohabitation KW - Competing risk KW - Life course KW - Marriage N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Berrington, A.; Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; email: amb6@soton.ac.uk N1 - References: Allison, P., Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories (1982) Sociological Methodology, pp. 61-98. , ed. S. Leihardt. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; Axinn, W.G., Barber, J.S., Living arrangements and family formation attitudes in early adulthood (1997) J. Marriage Fam., 59, pp. 595-611; Axinn, W.G., Thornton, A., Mothers, children and cohabitation: The intergenerational effects of attitudes and behaviour (1993) Am. Sociol. Rev., 58, pp. 233-246; Becker, G.S., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Berrington, A., Measurement errors in retrospective union histories: Implications for the analysis of partnership formation (1995) Eur. Population Conf., Milan, Sept.; Berrington, A., Murphy, M., Changes in the living arrangements of young adults in britain during the 1980s (1994) Eur. Sociol. Rev., 10, pp. 235-257; Blom, S., Marriage and cohabitation in a changing society: Experience of Norwegian men and women born in 1945 and 1960 (1994) Eur. J. Popln, 9, pp. 143-173; Blossfeld, H.-P., Changes in the process of family formation and women's growing economic independence: A comparison of nine countries (1995) Family Formation in Modern Societies and the New Role of Women, pp. 3-32. , ed. H.-P. Blossfeld. Boulder: Westview; Blossfeld, H.-P., Huinink, J., Human capital investments or norms of role transition: How women's schooling and career affect the process of family formation (1991) Am. J. Sociol., 97, pp. 143-168; Blossfeld, H.-P., Klijzing, E., Pohl, K., Rohwer, G., Why do cohabiting couples marry?: An example of a causal event history approach to interdependent systems (1999) Qual. Quant., 33, pp. 229-242; Brown, S., Booth, A., Cohabitation versus marriage: A comparison of relationship quality (1996) J. Marriage Fam., 58, pp. 668-678; Buck, N., Ermisch, J., Cohabitation in Britain (1995) Changing Britain: the Official Newsletter of the ESRC Population and Household Change Research Programme, 3, pp. 3-5. , London: Policy Studies Institute; Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Clarkberg, M., Stolzenberg, R.M., Waite, L.J., Attitudes, values, and entrance into cohabitational versus marital unions (1995) Socl Forces, 74, pp. 609-634; Ermisch, J., (1995) Pre-marital Cohabitation, Childbearing and the Creation of One Parent Families, , Working Paper 95-17. Economic and Social Research Council Centre on Micro-social Change, University of Essex, Colchester; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., (1996) Partnership Formation and Dissolution in Great Britain, , Working Paper 96-10. Economic and Social Research Council Centre on Micro-social Change, University of Essex, Colchester; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; (1985) After School: The Education and Training Experiences of the 1958 Cohort, , Working Paper 3. National Child Development Study User Support Group, City University, London; Ghilageber, G., Family initiation among Swedish males born 1936-1964: The choice between marriage and cohabitation (1993) Research Reports in Demography, 77. , University of Stockholm, Stockholm; Goldscheider, F., Waite, L.J., Nest leaving patterns and the transition to marriage for young men and women (1987) J. Marriage Fam., 49, pp. 507-516; Hachan, D., The competing risks model: A method for analyzing processes with multiple types of events (1988) Sociol. Meth. Res., 17, pp. 21-54; Haskey, J., Trends in marriage and cohabitation: The decline in marriage and the changing pattern of living in partnerships (1995) Popln Trends, 80, pp. 5-15; Haskey, J., Kiernan, K., Cohabitation in Great Britain: Characteristics and estimated numbers of cohabiting partners (1989) Popln Trends, 58, pp. 23-31; Hill, D., Axinn, W., Thornton, A., Competing hazards with shared unmeasured risk factors (1993) Sociol. Methodol., 23, pp. 245-277; Hobcraft, J., Menken, J., Preston, P., Age, period, and cohort effects in demography: A review (1982) Popln Index, 48, pp. 4-43; Hoem, J., The impact of education on modern family-union initiation (1986) Eur. J. Popln, 2, pp. 113-133; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Popln Stud., 46, pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts - A longitudinal study (1983) Popln Stud., 37, pp. 363-380; Kiernan, K., Eldridge, S., Age at marriage: Inter and intra cohort variation (1987) Br. J. Sociol., 38, pp. 44-65; Kiernan, K., Estaugh, V., Cohabitation, extramarital childbearing and social policy (1993) Occasional Paper, 17. , Family Policy Studies Centre, London; Liefbroer, A.C., De Jong Gierveld, J., Social background and life course influences on patterns of union formation among young adults in the netherlands (1993) Dynamics of Cohort and Generations Research, pp. 481-514. , ed. H. A. Becker. Amsterdam: Thesis; Manting, D., First union formation in the Netherlands (1991) Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie Working Paper, 5. , University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; (1994) Dynamics in Marriage and Cohabitation: An Inter-temporal, Life Course Analysis of First Union Formation and Dissolution, , Netherlands Graduate School of Research in Demography, Amsterdam; Maughan, B., Hagell, A., Poor readers in adulthood: Psychosocial functioning (1996) Devlpmnt Psychopath., 8, pp. 457-1176; Maughan, B., Lindelow, M., Secular change in psychosocial risks: The case of teenage motherhood (1997) Psychol. Med., 27, pp. 1129-1144; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational consequences of family disruption (1988) Am. J. Sociol., 94, pp. 130-152; Michael, R.T., Tuma, N.B., Entry into marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background (1985) Demography, 22, pp. 515-545; Ní Bhrolcháin, M., Chappell, R., Diamond, I., Educational and socio-demographic outcomes among the children of disrupted and intact marriages (1994) Population, 49, pp. 1585-1612; Statistics, O.F.N., First marriages: Age and sex, England and Wales, table 22 (1998) Popln Trends, 94, p. 67; (1993) General Household Survey, 1991, , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Oppenheimer, V., A theory of marriage timing (1988) Am. J. Sociol., 94, pp. 563-591; Women's employment and the gain to marriage: The specialization and trading model (1997) A. Rev. Sociol., 23, pp. 431-453; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatr., 8, pp. 1-11; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction, its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , Working Paper 1. National Child Development Study User Support Group, City University, London; Thornton, A., Influence of the marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitational experiences of children (1991) Am. J. Sociol., 96, pp. 868-894; Thornton, A., Axinn, W., Teachman, J., The influence of school enrolment and accumulation on cohabitation and marriage in early adulthood (1995) Am. Sociol. Rev., 60, pp. 762-774; Yamaguchi, K., (1991) Event History Analysis, , Newbury Park: Sage UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034354967&partnerID=40&md5=e3921debab89c3e0bd9103bae012685f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beauty, stature and the labour market: A British Cohort study T2 - Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics J2 - Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat. VL - 62 IS - SUPPL. SP - 771 EP - 800 PY - 2000 SN - 03059049 (ISSN) AU - Harper, B. AB - The influence of physical appearance in the labour market is examined using longitudinal cohort data covering 11,407 individual born in Britain in 1958. Results show that physical appearance has a substantial effect on earnings and employment patterns for both men and women. Irrespective of gender, those who are assessed as unattractive or short, experience a significant earnings penalty. Tall men receive a pay premium while obese women experience a pay penalty. The bulk of the pay differential for appearance arises from employer discrimination, although we find evidence for productivity differences among occupations. The impact of physical appearance is also evident in the marriage market. Among women, those who are tall or obese are less likely to be married; while among men, lower marriage rates are found for those who are short or unattractive. N1 - Cited By :125 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Averett, S., Korenman, S., The economic reality of the beauty myth (1996) Journal of Human Resources, 31, pp. 304-330; Becker, G., (1957) The Economics of Discrimination, , Chicago University Press, Chicago; Boldsen, J.L., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Human Biology, 57, pp. 473-480; Connolly, S., Micklewright, J., Nickell, S., The occupational success of young men who left school at sixteen (1992) Oxford Economic Papers, 44, pp. 460-479; Eisenberg, N., Roth, K., Bryniarski, K.A., Murray, E., Sex differences in the relationship of height to children's actual and attributed social and cognitive competencies (1984) Sex Roles, 11, pp. 719-734; Felson, R.B., Bohrnstedt, G.W., "Are the good beautiful or the beautiful good?" The relationship between children's perceptions of ability and perceptions of physical attractiveness (1979) Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, pp. 386-392; Gillis, J.S., Avis, W.E., The male-taller norm in mate selection (1980) Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 6, pp. 396-401; Hamermesh, D.S., Biddle, J.E., Beauty and the labor market (1994) American Economic Review, 84, pp. 1174-1194; Hamermesh, D.S., Biddle, J.E., Beauty, productivity, and discrimination: Lawyers' looks and lucre (1998) Journal of Labour Economics, 16, pp. 172-201; Harper, B.A., Male occupational mobility in Britain (1995) Bulletin, 57, pp. 349-369; Harper, B.A., Haq, M., Occupational attainment of men in Britain (1997) Oxford Economic Papers, 49, pp. 638-650; Hatfield, E., Sprecher, S., (1986) Mirror, Mirror ...: The Importance of Looks in Everyday Life, , State University of New York Press, Albany; Jackson, L.A., Hunter, J.E., Hodge, C.N., Physical attractiveness and intellectual competence: A meta-analytic review (1995) Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, pp. 108-122; Kannel, W., Health and obesity: An overview (1983) Health and Obesity, , H. L. Conn, E. A. DeFelice, and P. T. Kuo (eds), Raven, New York; Lee, L., Generalized models of selectivity (1983) Econometrica, 51, pp. 507-512; Loh, E.S., The economic effects of physical appearance (1993) Social Science Quarterly, 74, pp. 420-438; Lynn, R., A nutrition theory of the secular increases in intelligence; positive correlations between height, head size and IQ (1989) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, pp. 372-377; Martel, L.F., Biller, H.B., (1987) Stature and Stigma, , D. C. Heath and Company, Lexington; Robertson, D., Symons, J., The occupational choice of British children (1990) Economic Journal, 100, pp. 828-841; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London; Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood: Analysis of a British birth cohort (1994) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 148, pp. 681-687; Sobal, J., Stunkard, A.J., Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature (1989) Psychological Bulletin, 105, pp. 260-275; Sorensen, T.I., Sonne-Holm, S., Intelligence test performance in obesity in relation to educational attainment and parental social class (1985) Journal of Biosocial Science, 17, pp. 379-387; Waldfogel, J., The price of motherhood: Family status and women's pay in a young British cohort (1995) Oxford Economic Papers, 47, pp. 584-610 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0012979718&partnerID=40&md5=a1c61b80d6c7b335f0f1a013681a4a73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leaving home in Britain and Spain T2 - European Sociological Review J2 - Eur. Sociol. Rev. VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 201 EP - 222 PY - 2000 SN - 02667215 (ISSN) AU - Holdsworth, C. AD - Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom AB - This paper compares leaving home for a cohort of British and Spanish young people, aged in their early 30s in 1991. These two countries have been chosen as they are representative of a Northern and Southern European pattern of leaving home. British young people leave home earlier and are less likely to leave home for partnership than their Spanish counterparts. The analysis presented here compares the impact of family resources, labour-market experiences, and family structure on the transition out of the parental home. This comparison establishes how young people from similar backgrounds in both countries have different experiences of leaving home and demonstrates the importance of cultural norms of leaving home on the transition out of the parental home. N1 - Cited By :54 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Holdsworth, C.; Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom; email: clareh@liv.ac.uk N1 - References: Alquilino, W.S., Supple, K.R., Parent child relations and parents' satisfaction with living arrangements when adult children live at home (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 13-27; Anderson, M., The emergence of the modern life cycle in Britain (1985) Social History, 10, pp. 69-87; Berrington, A., Murphy, M., Changes in the living arrangements of young adults in Britain during the 1980s (1994) European Sociological Review, 10, pp. 235-257; Bourdieu, P., (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, , Routledge, London; Cherlin, A.J., Scabini, E., Rossi, G., Delayed home leaving in Europe and the United states (1997) Journal of Family Issues, 18, pp. 572-575; Dale, A., Egerton, M., (1997) Highly Educated Women: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , Department of Education and Employment, London; De Jong Gierveld, J., Liefbroer, A., Beekink, E., The effect of parental resources on patterns of leaving home among young adults in the Netherlands (1991) European Sociological Review, 7, pp. 55-71; Delgado Pérez, M., Los jóvenes españoles y su permanencia en el hogar de origen (1997) La Edad de Emancipación de Los Jóvenes. Centre de Cultura Contemporània, pp. 155-162. , Vergés Escuín, R. (ed.), Barcelona; Egerton, M., Occupational inheritance: The role of cultural capital and gender (1997) Work, Employment and Society, 11, pp. 263-282; (1997) El Pais, , 28 April; Emmanuel, D., On the structure of housing accumulation and the role of family wealth transfers in the Greek housing system (1995) Housing and Family Wealth in a Comparative Perspective, pp. 168-201. , Forrest, R. and Murie, A. (eds). Routledge, London; Ermisch, J., (1997) Prices, Parents and Young People's Household Formation, , ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change Working Paper No. 97-18, University of Essex; Ermisch, J., Di Salvo, P., The economic determinants of young people's household formation (1997) Economica, 64, pp. 627-644; (1997) Young Europeans, , Study no. 47.2, European Union, Brussels; Fernández Cordón, J., Actividad y emancipación de los jóvenes: Un estudio comparativo (1997) La Edad de Emancipación de Los Jóvenes, pp. 71-90. , Vergés Escuín, R. (ed). Centre de Cultura Contemporània, Barcelona; Fernández Cordón, J., Youth residential independence and autonomy: A comparative study (1997) Journal of Family Issues, 6, pp. 572-575; Garrido, L., (1993) Las Dos Biografías de la Muyer en España, , Instituto de la Mujer, Madrid; Garrido, L., Requena, M., El acceso de los jóvenes a la vivienda y al trabajo (1995) Revista Asturiana de Economia, 2, pp. 27-54; Garrido, L., Requena, M., (1996) La Emancipación de Los Jóvenes en España, , Instituto de la Juventud, Madrid; Giele, J.Z., Elder, G.H., (1998) Methods of Life Course Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, , Sage, London; Goldscheider, F.K., Recent changes in U.S. young adult living arrangements in comparative perspective (1997) Journal of Family Issues, 6, pp. 708-724; Goldscheider, F.K., Goldscheider, C., Family structure and conflict: Nest-leaving expectations of young adults and their parents (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 87-97; Heath, S., Miret Gamundi, P., (1996) Living in and Out of the Parental Home in Spain and Great Britain: a Comparative Approach, 2. , Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure Working Paper Series, Cambridge; Holdsworth, C., Leaving home in Spain: A regional analysis (1998) International Journal of Population Geography, 4, pp. 341-360; Hooper, J., (1995) The New Spaniards, , Penguin, London; (1993) Encuesta Sociodemográfica 1991 : Metodología, , INE, Madrid; Jenkins, S.P., Easy estimation methods for discretetime duration models (1995) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 57, pp. 129-138; Jones, G., The cost of living in the parental home (1991) Youth and Policy, 32, pp. 19-28; Jones, G., (1995) Leaving Home, , Open University Press, Buckingham; Jones, G., Wallace, C., (1992) Youth, Family and Citizenship, , Open University Press, Buckingham; Kertzer, D., Brettel, C., Advances in Italian and Iberian family history (1987) Journal of Family History, 12, pp. 87-121; Kiernan, K., Leaving home: A comparative analysis of six Western European countries (1986) European Journal of Population, 2, pp. 177-184; Kiernan, K., The departure of children (1989) Later Phases of the Family Life Cycle, pp. 120-144. , Grebenik, E., Hohn, C., and Mackensen, R. (eds). Clarendon Press, Oxford; Kiernan, K., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-234; Leal Maldonado, J., Emancipación y vivienda (1997) La Edad de Emancipación de Los Jóvenes, pp. 113-124. , Vergés Escuín, R. (ed). Centre de Cultura Contemporània, Barcelona; Marini, M.M., Age and sequencing norms in the transition to adulthood (1984) Social Forces, 63, pp. 229-244; Millar, J., Warman, A., (1996) Family Obligations in Europe, , Family Policy Studies Centre, London; Miret Gamundi, P., Pasado y presente de las pautas de emancipación juvenil en españa (1997) La e Dad de Emancipación de Los Jóvenes, pp. 55-70. , Vergés Escuín, R. (ed). Centre de Cultura Contemporània, Barcelona; Miret Gamundi, P., Nuptiality patterns in Spain in the eighties (1997) Genus, 53, pp. 183-198; Mitchell, B., Wister, A., Burch, T., The family environment and leaving the parental home (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 605-613; Neugarten, B.L., Moore, J.W., Lowe, J.C., Age norms, age constraints, and adult socialisation (1965) American Journal of Sociology, 70, pp. 710-717; Ní Bhrolcháin, M., Chappell, R., Diamond, I., Soclarité et autres caractéristiques socio-démographiques des enfants de mariages rompus (1994) Population, 6, pp. 1585-1612; (1997) Social Focus on Families, , Stationery Office, London; Pooley, C., Turnbull, J., Leaving home: The experience of migration from the parental home in Britain since c. 1770 (1997) Journal of Family History, 22, pp. 290-424; Reher, D., Marriage patterns in Spain, 1887-1930 (1991) Journal of Family History, 16, pp. 7-30; Reher, D., Family ties in Western Europe: Persistent ties (1998) Population and Development Review, 24, pp. 203-235; Savage, M., Barlow, J., Dickens, P., Fielding, T., (1992) Property, Bureaucracy and Culture: Middle-class Formation in Contemporary Britain, , Routledge, London; Serrano Secanella, P., La vivienda como determinate de la emancipación juvenil (1997) La Edad de Emancipación de Los Jóvenes, pp. 91-98. , Vergés Escuín, R. (ed). Centre de Cultura Contemporània, Barcelona; Settersten, R.A., A time to leave home a time never to return? Age constraints on the living arrangements of young adults (1998) Social Forces, 76, pp. 1373-1400; Shepherd, P., The national child development study: An introduction, its origins and the methods of data collection (1995) NCDS User Support Group, Working Papers, 1. , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Tosi, A., Shifting paradigms: The sociology of housing, the sociology of the family, and the crisis of modernity (1995) Housing and Family Wealth in a Comparative Perspective, pp. 261-289. , Forrest, R. and Murie, A. (eds). Routledge, London; Valiente, C., Family obligations in Spain (1995) Defining Family Obligations in Europe, , Millar, J. and Warman, A. (eds). Centre for Analysis of Social Policy, University of Bath, Bath; Vergés Escuín, R., (1997) La Edad de Emancipación de Los Jóvenes, , Centre de Cultura Contemporània, Barcelona; Wall, R., The age at leaving home (1978) Journal of Family History, 3, pp. 181-202; Wall, R., Leaving home and living alone: An historical perspective (1989) Population Studies, 43, pp. 369-389; Whittington, L., Peters, H.E., Economic incentives for financial and residential independence (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 82-97 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034337082&partnerID=40&md5=4ba566b40e2c8a3f2103b1f8f2f99945 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Twenty-five years of developmental and child psychology in Ireland: An analysis of PsycLit and ERIC data bases T2 - Irish Journal of Psychology J2 - Ir. J. Psychol. VL - 21 IS - 3-4 SP - 105 EP - 121 PY - 2000 SN - 03033910 (ISSN) AU - Hennessy, E. AU - Hogan, D. AD - University College Dublin, Natl. University of Ireland Dublin, Dublin, Ireland AD - Children's Research Centre, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland AD - Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland AB - The paper presents an overview of publications during the past twenty-five years in the area of child psychology and child and adult development by researchers based in Irish institutions or using an Irish sample. Papers were identified through searches of the PsycLit and ERIC electronic data bases. In the period since 1974 there were over 300 publications with the majority appearing in the last ten years. The paper identifies the changing trends over time in publications in the areas of social functioning, cognition, clinical issues, education, measurement and public policy. The leading area of research is children's social functioning and there is evidence of a growing interest in applied social issues. Almost all empirical research involved samples of school age children with very limited attention to infancy, adulthood and aging. While most authors clearly intended their focus on children to reflect an interest in developmental processes, very few of the studies used traditional developmental designs or nationally representative samples. The authors conclude that a nationally representative longitudinal study will contribute to our understanding of development in the context of rapid social change in Ireland. N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hennessy, E.; Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland N1 - References: Ager, C.R., Ferrer, H.P., Fillmore, K.M., Golding, J.M., Leino, E.V., Motoyoshi, M., Aggregate-level predictors of the prevalence of selected drinking patterns in multiple studies: A research synthesis from the Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project (1996) Substance Use and Misuse, 31, pp. 1503-1523; Airasian, P.W., Kellaghan, T., Madaus, G.F., Pedulla, J.J., Proportion and direction of teacher rating changes of pupils' progress attributable to standardized test information (1977) Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, pp. 702-709; Archer, P., Kellaghan, T., A home intervention project for preschool disadvantaged children (1975) Irish Journal of Education, 9 (1-2 SUP), pp. 28-43; Baltes, P.B., Nesselroade, J.R., History and rationale of longitudinal research (1979) Longitudinal Research in the Study of Behavior and Development, pp. 1-39. , J. R. Nesselroade & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), New York: Academic Press; Barker, W., Health visiting: Action research in a controlled environment (1992) International Journal of Nursing Studies, 29, pp. 251-259; Boyer, A.S., Identification of characters with shared representations: Decoding musical and literary Braille (1997) Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 91, pp. 77-86; Browne, R., Keating, S., O'Connor, J., Sexual abuse in childhood and subsequent illicit drug abuse in adolescence and early adulthood (1998) Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 15, pp. 123-126; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Twenty Something in the 1990s - Getting on, Getting By, Getting Nowhere, , Aldershot: Ashgate; Byrne, S., (1997) Growing Up in a Divided Society: The Influence of Conflict on Belfast Schoolchildren, , New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; Cairns, E., Children and political violence: An overview (1994) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 17, pp. 669-674; Cairns, E., Hunter, D., Herring, L., Young children's awareness of violence in Northern Ireland: The influence of Northern Irish television in Scotland and Northern Ireland (1980) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, pp. 3-6; Cairns, E., McWhirter, L., Barry, R., Duffy, U., The development of psychological well-being in late adolescence (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 635-643; Carr, A., The epidemiology of psychological disorders in Irish children (1993) Irish Journal of Psychology, 14, pp. 546-560; (1991), Dublin: Stationery Office; (1996), Dublin: Stationery Office; (1995) Statutory Instrument No. 775 (NI. 2), 775. , London: HMSO; Cody, D.D., Fitzgerald, M., Childhood behavioural problems and maternal depression in general practice (1989) Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 6, pp. 112-114; (1998) Strengthening Families for Life, Final Report of the Commission on the Family to the Minister for Social, Community and Family Affairs, , Dublin: Stationery Office; (1998) Statutory Instrument No. 1504 (NI. 9), 1504. , London: HMSO; Cummins, J., Bilingualism and the development of metalinguistic awareness (1978) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 9, pp. 131-149; Davis, A., Lewis, C., Research trends in developmental psychology: Putting theory into practice (1990) The Psychologist, 3, pp. 107-108; DeRoiste, A., Sources of worry and happiness in Ireland (1998) Irish Journal of Psychology, 17, pp. 193-212; Donnelly, M., Depression among adolescents in Northern Ireland (1995) Adolescence, 30, pp. 339-350; Donnelly, M., Wilson, R., The dimensions of depression in early adolescence (1994) Personality and Individual Differences, 17, pp. 425-430; (1998), Dublin: Stationery Office; Ferguson, N., Cairns, E., Political violence and moral maturity in Northern Ireland (1996) Political Psychology, 17, pp. 713-725; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; Fitzpatrick, P., Molloy, B., Johnson, Z., Community Mothers' programme: Extension to the travelling community in Ireland (1997) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 51, pp. 299-303; Granleese, J., Turner, I., Trew, K., Teachers' and boys' and girls' perceptions of competence in theprimary school: The importance of physical competence (1989) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, pp. 31-37; Greaney, V., Teachers' perceptions of pupil personality (1974) Irish Journal of Education, 8, pp. 89-101; Greaney, V., Neuman, S.B., Young people's views of the functions of reading: A cross-cultural perspective (1983) Reading Teacher, 37, pp. 158-163; Greene, S.M., Marital breakdown and divorce: The psychological consequences for adults and their children (1995) Divorce? Facing the Issues of Marital Breakdown, pp. 38-54. , M. O'Brien (ed.) Dublin: Basement Press; Greene, S.M., Would the introduction of divorce harm Irish Children? (1995) Doctrine and Life, 45, pp. 534-540; Greene, S.M., Nugent, J.K., Wieczorek-Deering, D.E., O'Mahony, P., The patterning of depressive symptoms in a sample of first-time mothers (1991) Irish Journal of Psychology, 12, pp. 263-275; Grube, J.W., Morgan, M., (1986) Smoking, Drinking and Other Drug Use among Dublin Post-primary School Pupils, , Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute; Grube, J.W., Morgan, M., Attitude-social support interactions: Contingent consistency effects in the prediction of adolescent smoking, drinking and drug use (1990) Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, pp. 329-339; Grube, J.W., Morgan, M., Seff, M., Drinking beliefs and behaviors among Irish adolescents (1989) International Journal of the Addictions, 24, pp. 102-112; Hayes, N., Early education in Ireland (1996) Childhood Education: International Perspectives, pp. 244-250. , E. Hujala (Ed.) Oulu (Finland): Finland Association for Childhood Education International; Hayes, N., McCarthy, B., St.Audeon's parent/child project (1992) International Journal of Early Childhood, 24, pp. 27-34; Hayes, N., O'Flaherty, J., (1997) A Window on Early Education in Ireland. The First National Report of the IEA Preprimary Project, , Kernan, M. Dublin: Dublin Institute of Technology; Harding, L.M., Beech, J.R., Sneddon, W., The changing pattern of reading errors and reading style from 5 to 11 years of age (1985) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, pp. 45-52; Hennessy, E., Hayes, M., Early childhood services in Ireland (1997) International Journal of Early Years Education, 5, pp. 211-224; Hickey, T., The acquisition of Irish: A study of word order development (1990) Journal of Child Language, 17, pp. 17-41; Hickey, T., Mean length of utterance and the acquisition of Irish (1991) Journal of Child Language, 18, pp. 553-569; Hogan, D.M., (1997) The Social and Psychological Needs of Children of Drug Users: Report on Exploratory Study, , Dublin: The Children's Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin; Hogan, D.M., The psychological development and welfare of children of opiate and cocaine users: Review and research needs (1998) Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 39, pp. 609-620; Holland, N., Reading delay and WISC-R subtest patterns in Irish children whose IQ is (a) average or above and (b) dull normal or below (1989) Irish Journal of Psychology, 10, pp. 639-646; Horgan, A., Cassidy, C.E., Corrigan, A., Childhood sexual abuse histories in women with drug and alcohol misuse disorders (1998) Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 15, pp. 91-95; Horgan, M., Douglas, F., Early years education in Germany and Ireland -a study of provision and implementation in two unique environments (1995) International Journal of Early Years Education, 3, pp. 51-67; Houlihan, B., Fitzgerald, M., O'Regan, M., Self-esteem, depression and hostility in Irish adolescents (1994) Journal of Adolescence, 17, pp. 565-577; Loretto, W.A., Youthful drinking in Northern Ireland and Scotland: Preliminary results from a comparative study (1994) Drugs Education, Prevention and Policy, 1, pp. 143-152; Lautrey, J., Où va la recherche sur le développement cognitif? (1994) Psychologie Francaise, 39, p. 1; Lynn, R., A nutrition theory of the secular increases in intelligence: Positive correlations between height, head size and IQ (1989) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, pp. 372-377; Lynn, R., Differences between males and females in mean IQ and university examination performance in Ireland (1996) Personality and Individual Differences, 20, pp. 649-652; Lynn, R., Graham, W.R., Sex differences in cognitive abilities among Irish primary and secondary school children (1993) Irish Journal of Psychology, 14, pp. 293-300; Lynn, R., Hampson, S., Agahi, E., Genetic and environmental mechanisms determining intelligence, neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism: An analysis of Irish siblings (1989) British Journal of Psychology, 80, pp. 499-507; Lynn, R., Harland, E.P., A positive effect of iron supplementation on the IQs of iron deficient children (1998) Personality and Individual Differences, 24, pp. 883-885; Lynn, R., Wilson, R.G., Reaction times, movement times and intelligence among Irish nine year olds (1990) Irish Journal of Psychology, 11, pp. 329-341; McDonald, G., Mackay, D.N., Social skills assessment and the ripple effect (1997) British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 43, pp. 187-193; McEvoy, J., McConkey, R., Play activities of mentally handicapped children at home and mothers' perception of play (1983) International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 6, pp. 143-151; McEvoy, J., McConkey, R., Correspondence errors in counting objects by children with a mental handicap (1990) Irish Journal of Psychology, 11, pp. 249-260; McEvoy, J., McConkey, R., The performance of children with a moderate mental handicap on simple counting tasks (1991) Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 35, pp. 446-458; McLernon, F., Ferguson, N., Cairns, E., Comparison of northern Irish children's attitudes to war and peace before and after the paramilitary ceasefires (1997) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, pp. 715-730; McWhirter, L., Contact and conflict: The question of integrated education (1983) Irish Journal of Psychology, 6, pp. 13-27; Mohan, D., Fitzgerald, M., Collins, C., The relationship between maternal depression (antenatal and pre-school stage) and childhood behavioural problems (1998) Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 15, pp. 10-13; Morgan, M., Grube, J.W., Adolescent cigarette smoking: A developmental analysis of influences (1989) British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, pp. 179-189; Muldoon, O., Trew, K., Patterns of stress appraisal in conflict environment: A Northern Irish study (1995) Children's Environments, 12, pp. 49-56; Muldoon, O.T., Trew, K., McWhirter, L., Children's perceptions of negative events in Northern Ireland: A ten year study (1998) European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 7, pp. 36-41; Murphy, M., Fitzgerald, M., Fitzpatrick, L., Kinsella, A., Self-esteem and behavioural deviance in child populations (1988) Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 5, pp. 94-97; Nakazawa, J., Shwalb, D.W., Japanese developmental psychology in the 1990s (1997) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 18, pp. 447-452; (2000) Our Children: Their Lives, , Dublin: The Stationary Office; Nugent, J.K., Greene, S.M., Mazor, K.M., Neurobehavioural and medical effects of prenatal alcohol and cigarette use: Data from the Dublin Child Development Study (1991) Irish Journal of Psychology, 12, pp. 153-164; Nugent, J.K., Lester, B.M., Greene, S.M., Wieczorek-Deering, D., The effects of maternal alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking during pregnancy on acoustic cry analysis (1996) Child Development, 67, pp. 1806-1815; O'Flaherty, J., Hayes, N., The IEA Preprimary Project in Ireland (1997) International Journal of Early Years Education, 5, pp. 47-56; O'Leary, Z., Fitzgerald, M., Naidu, M., A study of behaviour deviance and social competence in children of psychiatric inpatient females (1989) Irish Journal of Psychiatry, 10, pp. 8-10; O'Neill, T., Fitzgerald, M., McGee, H.M., Use of alcohol and other drugs by mothers and children attending a child psychiatric clinic (1991) Irish Journal of Psychiatry, 12, pp. 3-5; O'Neill, K., Gupta, K., Post-traumatic stress disorder in women who were victims of childhood sexual abuse (1991) Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 8, pp. 124-127; (1999) National Childcare Strategy, , Dublin: Stationery Office; Rae, G., McAnulty, H., Relationship between musical ability and intelligence after correcting for attenuation (1995) Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, p. 746; Robinson, A., Brown, J., Northern Ireland children and cross-community holiday projects (1991) Children and Society, 5, pp. 347-356; Rogers, A., (1992) Adults Learning for Development, , New York: Cassell Educational Ltd; Sigel, I.E., Practice and research: A problem in developing communication and cooperation (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology, Volume 4: Child Psychology in Practice, 4, pp. 1113-1132. , W. Damon, (Series Ed.) I. E. Sigel, & K. A. Renninger, (Vol. Eds.), New York: Wiley; Stone, D., Fitzgerald, M., Kinsella, T., A study of behavioural deviance and social difficulties in 11 and 12 year old Dublin school children (1990) Irish Journal of Psychiatry, 11, pp. 12-14; Van Reek, J., Adriaanse, H., Knibbe, R., Alcohol consumption and correlates among children in the European Community (1994) International Journal of Addictions, 29, pp. 15-21; Veeder, N.W., Women's decision making: Common themes (1992) Irish Voices, , Wesport, CT: Praeger; Waddell, N., Cairns, E., Identity preference in Northern Ireland (1991) Political Psychology, 12, pp. 205-213; Whyte, J., Behavioural styles and teacher's estimations of intelligence (1974) Irish Journal of Education, 8, pp. 62-76; Whyte, J., Dyslexia: Current research issues [Special Issue] (1989) Irish Journal of Psychology, p. 10; Whyte, J., Longitudinal correlates and outcomes of initial reading progress for a sample of Belfast boys (1993) European Journal of Psychology of Education, 8, pp. 325-340; Whyte, J., Dyslexia update (Special Issue) (1995) Irish Journal of Psychology, p. 16; Wieczorek-Deering, D.E., Greene, S.M., Nugent, J.K., Graham, R., Classification of attachment and its determinants in urban Irish infants (1991) Irish Journal of Psychology, 12, pp. 216-234 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034562248&partnerID=40&md5=7d3d5ce84d54384a5d9afd25685e20e3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Do parental factors affect male and female fertility? T2 - Epidemiology J2 - Epidemiology VL - 11 IS - 6 SP - 700 EP - 705 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1097/00001648-200011000-00015 SN - 10443983 (ISSN) AU - Joffe, M. AU - Barnes, I. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom AB - There is little published evidence on parental characteristics and the fertility of their offspring of either sex. Maternal smoking has been reported to reduce fertility in both sexes and was also suggested to be relevant to the health of the male reproductive system on the basis of descriptive epidemiology. We undertook a cohort study based on a sample representative of the British population born in 1958 who have been followed up since birth. The outcome variable was time to pregnancy measured in months, up to age 33 years. Antecedent variables were the age of both parents; maternal smoking, height, prepregnancy body mass index, and parity; and paternal social class (manual/nonmanual labor). First births to cohort members were analyzed using a Cox logistic model for discrete 'survival' times. A total of 1,714 and 2,587 values of time to pregnancy were available, respectively, for male and female cohort members. In the unadjusted analyses, all odds ratios were in the range 0.9-1.1, apart from the father's social class. In the adjusted analyses, this effect also disappeared. We conclude that the observed heterogeneity in biological fertility is unrelated to those characteristics of parents that we were able to analyze. KW - Fecundity KW - Fertility KW - Maternal smoking KW - Parental age KW - Parental factors KW - Time to pregnancy KW - article KW - birth order KW - body mass KW - cigarette smoking KW - controlled study KW - Europe KW - female KW - female fertility KW - follow up KW - genital system KW - human KW - male KW - male fertility KW - normal human KW - parental age KW - parental behavior KW - parity KW - priority journal KW - social class KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Parents KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPIDE C2 - 11055633 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joffe, M.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom N1 - References: Weinberg, C.R., Wilcox, A.J., Baird, D.D., Reduced fecundability in women with prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 1072-1078; Jensen, T.K., Henriksen, T.B., Hjollund, N.H.I., Scheike, T., Kolstad, H., Giwercman, A., Ernst, E., Olsen, J., Adult and prenatal exposures to tobacco smoke as risk indicators of fertility among 430 Danish couples (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 148 (9), pp. 92-97; Clemmesen, J., Is pregnancy smoking causal to testis cancer in sons? A hypothesis (1997) Acta Oncol, 36, pp. 59-63; Adami, H.-O., Bergstrom, R., Mohner, M., Zatonski, W., Storm, H., Ekbom, A., Tretli, S., Stengrevies, A., Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries (1994) Int J Cancer, 59, pp. 33-38; Suominen, J., Vierula, M., Semen quality of Finnish men (1993) BMJ, 306, p. 1579; Joffe, M., Decreased fertility in Britain compared with Finland (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1519-1522; Rahnonen, O., Berg, M.-A., Puska, P., The development of smoking in Finland from 1978 to 1990 (1992) Bt J Addict, 87, pp. 103-110; Moller, H., Skakkebaek, N.E., Risks of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in relation to socio-economic status and related factors: Case-control studies in Denmark (1996) Int J Cancer, 66, pp. 287-293; Sharpe, R.M., Skakkebaek, N.E., Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1392-1395; Kline, J., Stein, Z., Susser, M., (1989) Conception to Birth: Epidemiology of Prenatal Development, p. 285. , New York: Oxford University Press; Joffe, M., Time to pregnancy: A measure of reproductive function in either sex. Asclepios Project (1997) Occup Environ Med, 54, pp. 289-295; Wilcox, A.J., Sandler, D.P., Everson, R.B., Using father's age to explore the role of germ cell mutation as a cause of human cancer (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 469-471; Moller, H., Skakkebaek, N.E., Testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in relation to prenatal factors: Case-control studies in Denmark (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp. 904-912; Mittendorf, R., Teratogen update: Carcinogenesis and teratogenesis associated with exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero (1995) Teratology, 51, pp. 435-445; Joffe, M., Li, Z., Male and female factors in fertility (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 921-929; Joffe, M., Social inequalities in low birth weight: Timing of effects and selective mobility (1989) Soc Sci Med, 28, pp. 613-619; Cox, D.R., Oakes, D., Proportional hazards model (1984), pp. 91-111. , Analysis of Survival Data, New York: Chapman and Hall; Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., Reproductive epidemiology (1998), pp. 585-608. , Modern Epidemiology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; Joffe, M., Villard, L., Li, Z., Plowman, R., Vessey, M., Long-term recall of time-to-pregnancy (1993) Fertil Steril, 60, pp. 99-104; Weinberg, C.R., Baird, D.D., Wilcox, A.J., Sources of bias in studies of time to pregnancy (1994) Stat Med, 13, pp. 671-681; Joffe, M., Villard, L., Li, Z., Plowman, R., Vessey, M., A time to pregnancy questionnaire designed for long term recall: Validity in Oxford, England (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 314-319; Baird, D.D., Weinberg, C.R., Rowland, A.S., Reporting errors in time-to-pregnancy data collected with a short questionnaire: Impact on power and estimate of fecundability ratios (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 133, pp. 1282-1290; Zielhuis, G.A., Hulscher, M.E.J.L., Florack, E.I.M., Validity and reliability of a questionnaire on fecundability (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 1151-1156; Joffe, M., Feasibility of studying subfertility using retrospective self-reports (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 268-274; Joffe, M., Biases in research on reproduction and women's work (1985) Int J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 118-123; Joffe, M., Time trends in biological fertility in Britain (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 1961-1965; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993), pp. 184-188. , Ferri E, ed. Life at 33. London: National Children's BureauUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033784490&doi=10.1097%2f00001648-200011000-00015&partnerID=40&md5=e19ac5556a2fc5f815ff04c0f27118a0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - No association between breast-feeding and adult psychosis in two national birth cohorts T2 - British Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Br. J. Psychiatry VL - 177 IS - SEPT SP - 218 EP - 221 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1192/bjp.177.3.218 SN - 00071250 (ISSN) AU - Leask, S.J. AU - Done, D.J. AU - Crow, T.J. AU - Richards, M. AU - Jones, P.B. AD - School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United States AB - Background: It has been proposed that breast-feeding might have a protective effect against the development of adult schizophrenia. Aims: To test this hypothesis. Method: Using prospective data from two UK national birth cohorts, the feeding histories of those who later developed schizophrenia were compared with the remaining population at risk. Analyses in each cohort were considered to be independent tests of the hypothesis. Results: There were no differences in feeding histories. In the 1946 birth cohort (n=4447) 30 cases of DSM-III- R schizophrenia arose by age 43; 24.1% of cases v. 23.6% of controls were entirely bottle-fed; 17.3% v. 12.3% were breast-fed for under 1 month; 58.6% v. 64.1% were breast-fed beyond 1 month. In the 1958 cohort (n=18 856), 40 cases of CATEGO nuclear schizophrenia arose by age 28; 24.1% of cases v. 31.7% of controls were entirely bottle-fed; 27.6% v. 24.9% were breast-fed for under 1 month; 48.3% v. o 43.4% were breast-fed beyond 1 month. Conclusions: These findings provide no evidence of any effect of breast-feeding in protecting against the risk of later schizophrenia. Declaration of interest: Funded by grants from the Stanley Foundation. KW - adult KW - article KW - bottle feeding KW - breast feeding KW - clinical trial KW - controlled clinical trial KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - human KW - human cell KW - human tissue KW - major clinical study KW - population risk KW - psychosis KW - randomized controlled trial KW - risk assessment KW - schizophrenia KW - treatment outcome KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Breast Feeding KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Schizophrenia KW - Sex Distribution KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJPYA C2 - 11040881 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leask, S.J.; School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United States N1 - References: (1987), American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, revised) (DSM-III-R). Washington, DC: APA; Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., Sacker, A., Childhood precursors of psychosis as clues to its evolutionary origins (1995) European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 245, pp. 61-69; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Dworkin, R.H., Cornblatt, B.A., Friedmann, R., Childhood precursors of affective vs. social deficits in adolescents at risk for schizophrenia (1993) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 19, pp. 563-577; Gale, C.R., Martyn, C.N., Breast feeding, dummy use, and adult intelligence (1996) Lancet, 347 (1057), pp. 1072-1075. , comments; Innis, S.M., Nelson, C.M., Lwanga, D., Feeding formula without arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid has no effect on preferential looking acuity or recognition memory in healthy full-term infants at 9 months of age (1996) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64, pp. 40-46; Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R., Child developmental risk factors for schizophrenia in the 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T.J., Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born pre-term (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 261-264; Makrides, M., Neumann, M., Simmer, K., Are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids essential nutrients in infancy? (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1463-1468; Malloy, M.H., Berendes, H., Does breast feeding influence intelligence quotients at 9 and 10 years of age? (1998) Early Human Development, 50, pp. 209-217; McCreadie, R.G., The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 16. Breast-feeding and schizophrenia: Preliminary results and hypotheses (1997) British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, pp. 334-337; Peet, M., Poole, J., Laugharne, J., Infant feeding and the development of schizophrenia (1997) Schizophrenia Research, 24, pp. 255-256; Shepherd, P.M., (1985), The National Child Development Study. An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection (Working Paper No. 1). London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Torrey, E.F., Rawlings, R., Yolken, R.H., The antecedents of psychoses: A case-control study of selected risk factors (1999) Schizophrenia Research, 36, p. 57; Van Os, J., Jones, P.B., Lewis, G., Developmental precursors of affective illness in a general population birth cohort (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, pp. 625-631; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991), The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press; Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974), The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033834444&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.177.3.218&partnerID=40&md5=873accb2340ceaf87698e41a0ecef6e0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A population-based study on epilepsy in mentally retarded children T2 - Epilepsia J2 - Epilepsia VL - 41 IS - 9 SP - 1214 EP - 1220 PY - 2000 SN - 00139580 (ISSN) AU - Airaksinen, E.M. AU - Matilainen, R. AU - Mononen, T. AU - Mustonen, K. AU - Partanen, J. AU - Jokela, V. AU - Halonen, P. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland AD - Department of Clinical Genetics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland AD - Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland AD - Computing Centre, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland AD - Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio 21, Finland AB - Purpose: This study presents data on cumulative risk of seizures, cause, comorbidity, and remission of epilepsy among mentally retarded (MR) children followed until the age of 22 years. Methods: A total of 151 MR children were identified at the age of 8 or 9 years by screening four birth cohorts of 12,882 children born from 1969 to 1972 in the Finnish province of Kuopio. Information about epilepsy was gathered longitudinally when children were 9 to 10, 17, and 22 years old. The guidelines for epidemiological studies on epilepsy proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy were followed. Results: By the age of 10 years, 29 of the 151 MR children (19%) had epilepsy. The cumulative risk for epilepsy at 22 years was 21%. The probability of developing epilepsy was increased fivefold in severely MR children compared with mildly MR children, i.e., in 27 of the 77 severely MR children (35%) versus 5 of the 74 mildly MR children (7%). Postnatal causes of mental retardation or association with cerebral palsy increased the risk for epilepsy, especially in the mildly MR children. When these risk factors were not present, the mildly MR children exhibited only a 3% risk for epilepsy, whereas the respective risk was about 10-fold in severe mental retardation. The cumulative probability of epilepsy being in remission for 5 years by the age of 22 was 32%. Conclusions: The cumulative risk of epilepsy varies according to the severity and the cause of the retardation as well as the presence of additional disabilities. The cumulative probability of epilepsy remission tended to increase with age. KW - Cumulative risk KW - Epilepsy KW - Mental retardation KW - Remission KW - adult KW - article KW - cerebral palsy KW - comorbidity KW - controlled study KW - disease severity KW - epilepsy KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental deficiency KW - priority journal KW - remission KW - risk assessment KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Age of Onset KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comorbidity KW - Electroencephalography KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Retardation KW - Risk Factors KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Survival Analysis N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPILA C2 - 10999562 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Airaksinen, E.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio 21, Finland; email: eila.airaksinen@uku.fi N1 - References: Forsgren, L., Edvinsson, S.-O., Blomquist, H.K., Heijbel, J., Sidenvall, R., Epilepsy in a population of mentally retarded children and adults (1990) Epilepsy Res, 6, pp. 234-248; Goulden, K.J., Shinnar, S., Koller, H., Katz, M., Richardson, A.R., Epilepsy in children with mental retardation: A cohort study (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 690-697; Steffenburg, U., Hagberg, G., Viggedal, G., Kyllerman, M., Active epilepsy in mentally retarded children. I. Prevalence and additional neuroimpairments (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 1147-1152; Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 592-596; Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399; Kaariainen, R., Piepponen, P., Vaskilampi, T., (1985), A multidisciplinary case-control study of mental retardation in children of four birth cohorts. Community health, original reports I. Kuopio, Finland: University of Kuopio; Kaariainen, R., Screening and prevalence of mental retardation in four Finnish birth cohorts (1987) Upsala J Med Sci, 44 (SUPPL.), pp. 41-46; Matilainen, R., Airaksinen, E., Mononen, T., Launiala, K., Kaariainen, R., A population-based study on causes of mild and severe mental retardation (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 261-266; Airaksinen, E., Matilainen, R., Time needed for the care of mentally retarded children evaluated in epidemiological study (1988) Aust NZ J Dev Disabil, 14, pp. 26-70; Airaksinen, E., Matilainen, R., Mononen, T., A population-based study on epilepsy in mentally retarded children (1996), p. 357. , Program and abstracts of 10th world congress of IASSID, Helsinki: IASSID; (1992), International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th rev. Geneva: World Health Organization; Tuppurainen, K., (1985), Eye diseases and visual acuity of mentally retarded children. Medicine, original report 6. Kuopio, Finland: University of Kuopio, (In Finnish, English abstract); Karjalainen, S., Kaariainen, R., Vohlonen, I., Ear disease and hearing sensitivity in mentally retarded children (1983) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 5, pp. 235-241; Elandt-Johnson, R.C., Johnson, N.L., (1980), Survival models and data analysis. New York: John Wiley and Sons; Anderson, S., Auquier, A., Hauck, W.W., (1980), Statistical methods for comparative studies. New York: John Wiley and Sons; Siegel, S., Castellan N.J., Jr., (1988), Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; Drillien, C.M., Jameson, S., Wilkinson, E.M., Studies in mental handicap. Part I. Prevalence and distribution by clinical type and severity of defect (1966) Arch Dis Child, 41, pp. 528-538; Gustavson, K.-H., Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Sars, K., Severe mental retardation in a Swedish county. I. Epidemiology, gestational age, birth weight and associated CNS handicaps in children born 1959-70 (1977) Acta Paediatr Scand, 66, pp. 373-379; Richardson, S.A., Koller, H., Katz, M., McLaren, J., Seizures and epilepsy in a mentally retarded population over the first 22 years of life (1980) Appl Res Ment Retard, 1, pp. 123-138; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Leverth, A., Lindberg, U., Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children. II. Etiologic and pathogenesis aspects (1981) Acta Paediatr Scand, 70, pp. 445-452; Blomquist, H.K., Gustavson, K.H., Holmgren, G., Mild mental retardation in children in a northern Swedish county (1981) J Ment Defic Res, 25, pp. 169-198; Stromme, P., Hagberg, G., Aetiology in severe and mild mental retardation: A population-based study of Norwegian children (2000) Dev Med Child Neurol, 42, pp. 76-86; Gillberg, C., Neuropsychological work-up (1995), pp. 312-325. , Gillberg C, ed. Clinical child neuropsychiatry. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; Forsgren, L., Edvinsson, S.-O., Nystrom, L., Blomquist, H.K., Influence of epilepsy on mortality in mental retardation: An epidemiologic study (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 956-963; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 Year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) Br Med J, 316, pp. 339-342; Sillanpaa, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Shinnar, S., Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) N Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1715-1722 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033816513&partnerID=40&md5=684297ab41397fd0cc81f725ea57dbbc ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent declines of hypertensive renovasculopathies in New Orleans blacks T2 - American Journal of Hypertension J2 - Am. J. Hypertens. VL - 13 IS - 9 SP - 966 EP - 972 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1016/S0895-7061(00)00299-5 SN - 08957061 (ISSN) AU - Tracy, R.E. AD - Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States AD - Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States AB - Some evidence indicates that renovasculopathies measured in paraffin sections of renal cortex obtained at autopsy might offer a general guide to prevailing mean blood pressure (MBP) in the averages of demographic groups. In this study, data on forensic autopsies done in New Orleans from 1968 to 1998 were retrieved from computer archives. Observations are confined to basal cases (ie, those with causes of death having no known correlation with hypertension and therefore, who can be taken as approximately representative of the sampled populations, although overt hypertensives may be underrepresented in such a series). MBP derived from renovasculopathies were used to follow birth date cohorts born around the years 1928, 1938, 1948, 1958, 1968, and 1978. Vasculopathy-derived MBP of white men and women increased with age in a stable pattern with no shifting of positions among the cohorts. This pattern offered a baseline for comparison with the data on blacks. Against this baseline, blacks displayed the highest MBP in the earliest cohort with stair-step declines in later born cohorts, and an abrupt decrease between the 1958 and 1968 cohorts. Data from National Health And Nutrition Examination Surveys are generally supportive of these conclusions, but are of uncertain significance because of severe downward drift due to method changes in the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey III 1988-91 survey. The data analyzed here provide no direct evidence on the matter of whether we are gaining better blood pressure control in hypertensive individuals who really need it. (C) 2000 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. KW - Aging KW - Arteriolosclerosis KW - Human KW - Hypertension KW - Nephrosclerosis KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - aging KW - arteriosclerosis KW - article KW - autopsy KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - fibromuscular dysplasia KW - human KW - human tissue KW - hypertension KW - kidney cortex KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - nephrosclerosis KW - priority journal KW - renovascular hypertension KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - African Americans KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Blood Pressure KW - Cadaver KW - Cohort Studies KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Incidence KW - Louisiana KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Renal Circulation KW - Vascular Diseases N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJHYE C2 - 10981545 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Tracy, R.E.; Department of Pathology, Louisiana State Univ. Medical Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; email: RTRACY@I.SUMC.EDU N1 - References: Strong, J.P., Oalmann, M.C., Newman III, W.P., Tracy, R.E., Malcom, G.T., Johnson, W.D., Rock, W.A., Guzman, M.A., Coronary heart disease in young black and white males in New Orleans: Community Pathology Study (1984) Amer Heart J, 108, pp. 747-759; Tracy, R.E., Bhandaru, S.Y., Oalmann, M.C., Guzman, M.A., Newman III, W.P., Blood pressure and nephrosclerosis in black and white men women aged 25 to 54 (1991) Mod Pathol, 4, pp. 602-609; McFarlane, M.J., The epidemiologic necropsy for abdominal aneurysm (1991) JAMA, 265, pp. 2085-2088; Tracy, R.E., Lanjewar, D.N., Ghorpade, K.G., Valand, A.G., Raghuwanshi, S.R., Renovasculopathies in elderly normotensives of Bombay, India (1997) Geriat Nephrol Urol, 7, pp. 101-109; Tracy, R.E., The heterogeneity of vascular findings in the kidneys of patients with benign essential hypertension (1999) Nephrol Dial Transp, 14, pp. 1634-1639; Tracy, R.E., Guzman, M.A., Oalmann, M.C., Newman III, W.P., Strong, J.P., Nephrosclerosis in three cohorts of black and white men born 1925 to 1944, 1934 to 1953, and 1943 to 1962 (1993) Am J Hypertens, 6, pp. 185-192; Tracy, R.E., Guileyardo, J.M., Renovasculopathies of hypertension in Hispanic residents of Dallas, Texas (1999) Arch Med Res, 30, pp. 40-48; (1986), pp. 48-53. , US Vital and Health Statistics: Blood pressure levels in persons 18-74 years of age in 1976-80, and trends in blood pressure from 1960 to 1980 in the United States, National Health Survey Series 11, No. 234, DHHS Publication (PHS) 86-1684; Burt, V.L., Whelton, P., Roccella, E.J., Brown, C., Cutler, J.A., Higgins, M., Horan, M.J., Labarthe, D., Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population; Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991 (1995) Hypertens, 25, pp. 305-315; McGill, H.C., McMahan, A., Tracy, R.E., Oalmann, M.C., Cornhill, J.F., Herdrick, E.E., Strong, J.P., (1998) Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol, 18, pp. 1108-1118; Tracy, R.E., Salt, obesity, and alcohol fail to induce a lasting rise of blood pressure with age, and may be independent of renovasculopathy Q J Med, 92, pp. 601-607 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033857144&doi=10.1016%2fS0895-7061%2800%2900299-5&partnerID=40&md5=f8df1ea2b56125901caf0cff367ebba5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tobacco consumption in Swedish twins reared apart and reared together T2 - Archives of General Psychiatry J2 - Arch. Gen. Psychiatry VL - 57 IS - 9 SP - 886 EP - 892 PY - 2000 SN - 0003990X (ISSN) AU - Kendler, K.S. AU - Thornton, L.M. AU - Pedersen, N.L. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States AD - Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States AD - Department of Human Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States AB - Background: Prior studies of twins reared together suggest that regular tobacco use (RTU) is substantially heritable. However, strong social influences on RTU might have biased these results. Methods: We examine the self-report lifetime history of RTU in members of 778 male-male and female-female twin pairs, raised together and apart, born from 1890 to 1958 and ascertained through the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. Results: In men, the pattern of twin resemblance for RTU suggested both genetic and rearing-environmental effects, which, in the best-fit biometrical model, accounted for 61% and 20% of the variance in liability to RTU, respectively. For women, overall results were hard to interpret, but became clearer when divided by birth cohort. In women born before 1925, rates of RTU were low and twin resemblance was environmental in origin. In later cohorts, rates of RTU in women increased substantially, as did heritability. For women born after 1940, heritability of RTU was similar to that seen in men (63%). Conclusions: Genetic factors play an important etiologic role in RTU. In women, the impact of genetic factors increased in more recent cohorts, suggesting that, as social restrictions on female tobacco use relaxed over time, heritable influences increased in importance. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child rearing KW - female KW - heredity KW - heritability KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - model KW - reliability KW - self report KW - smoking KW - Sweden KW - tobacco KW - twins KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child Rearing KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diseases in Twins KW - Female KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence KW - Registries KW - Research Design KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking KW - Social Control, Informal KW - Social Environment KW - Sweden KW - Twins, Dizygotic KW - Twins, Monozygotic N1 - Cited By :134 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ARGPA C2 - 10986552 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kendler, K.S.; Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States; email: kendler@hsc.vcu.edu N1 - References: Schoenborn, C.A., Boyd, G.M., Smoking and other tobacco use (1989) Vital Health Stat 10, 169, pp. 1-79; (1983), The Health Consequences of Smoking: Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: Public Health Service, Office on Smoking and Health. DHHS publication (PHS) 84-50204; Schelling, T.C., Addictive drugs: The cigarette experience (1992) Science, 255, pp. 430-433; (1997), Tobacco or Health: A Global Status Report. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; Swan, G.E., Carmelli, D., Behavior genetic investigations of cigarette smoking and related issues in twins (1997), pp. 387-406. , Blum K, Noble EP, eds. Handbook of Psychiatric Genetics. New York, NY: CRC Press; Sullivan, P.F., Kendler, K.S., The genetic epidemiology of smoking (1999) Nicotine Tobacco Res, 1, pp. S51-S57; Swan, G.E., Creeser, R., Murray, M., When and why children first start to smoke (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 323-330; Friedman, L.S., Lichtenstein, E., Biglan, A., Smoking onset among teens: An empirical analysis of initial situations (1985) Addict Behav, 10, pp. 1-13; Urberg, K.A., Shyu, S.J., Liang, J., Peer influence in adolescent cigarette smoking (1990) Addict Behav, 15, pp. 247-255; Loehlin, J.C., Nichols, R.C., (1976), Heredity, Environment and Personality: A Study of 850 Sets of Twins. Austin: University of Texas Press; Kendler, K.S., Heath, A.C., Martin, N.G., Eaves, L.J., Symptoms of anxiety and depression in a volunteer twin population: The etiologic role of genetic and environmental factors (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 213-221; Kendler, K.S., Gardner C.O., Jr., Twin studies of adult psychiatric and substance dependence disorders: Are they biased by differences in the environmental experiences of monozygotic and dizygotic twins in childhood and adolescence? (1998) Psychol Med, 28, pp. 625-633; Fisher, R.A., Cancer and smoking (1958) Nature, 182, p. 596; Raaschou-Nielsen, E., Smoking habits in twins (1960) Dan Med Bull, 7, pp. 82-88; Shields, J., (1962), Monozygotic Twins Brought Up Apart and Brought Up Together. London, England: Oxford University Press; Kaprio, J., Koskenvuo, M., Langinvainio, H., Finnish twins reared apart, IV: Smoking and drinking habits: A preliminary analysis of the effect of heredity and environment (1984) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 33, pp. 425-433; Pedersen, N.L., Friberg, L., Floderus-Myrhed, B., McClearn, G.E., Plomin, R., Swedish early separated twins: Identification and characterization (1984) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 33, pp. 243-250; Pedersen, N.L., McClearn, G.E., Plomin, R., Nesselroade, J.R., Berg, S., DeFaire, U., The Swedish Adoption Twin Study of Aging: An update (1991) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 40, pp. 7-20; Cederlof, R.L.U., The Swedish Twin Registry (1978), pp. 189-195. , Nance WE, Allen P, Parisi P, eds. Twin Research: Biology and Epidemiology. New York, NY: Alan R Liss; (1990), SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6. 4th ed. Vols 1 and 2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; Falconer, D.S., The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives (1965) Ann Hum Genet, 29, pp. 51-76; Pearson, K., Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution, VIII: On the correlation of characters not quantitatively measurable (1901) Proc R Soc, 66, pp. 241-244; Kendler, K.S., Twin studies of psychiatric illness: Current status and future directions (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 905-915; Neale, M.C., Cardon, L.R., (1992), Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers BV; Neale, M.C., (1991), Statistical Modelling With Mx. Richmond, Va: Dept of Psychiatry; Akaike, H., Factor analysis and AIC (1987) Psychometrika, 52, pp. 317-332; Williams, L.J., Holahan, P.J., Parsimony-based fit indices for multiple-indicator models: Do they work? (1994) Structural Equation Modeling, 1, pp. 161-189; Cohen, J., A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales (1960) Educ Psychol Meas, 20, pp. 37-46; Luepker, R.V., Pallonen, U.E., Murray, D.M., Pirie, P.L., Validity of telephone surveys in assessing cigarette smoking in young adults (1989) Am J Public Health, 79, pp. 202-204; Slattery, M.L., Hunt, S.C., French, T.K., Ford, M.H., Williams, R.R., Validity of cigarette smoking habits in three epidemiologic studies in Utah (1989) Prev Med, 18, pp. 11-19; Dunne, M.P., Martin, N.G., Statham, D.J., Slutske, W.S., Dinwiddie, S.H., Bucholz, K.K., Madden, P.A., Heath, A.C., Genetic and environmental contributions to variance in age at first sexual intercourse (1997) Psychol Sci, 8, pp. 211-216; Kaprio, J., Rose, R.J., Romanov, K., Koskenvuo, M., Genetic and environmental determinants of use and abuse of alcohol: The Finnish twin cohort studies (1991) Alcohol Alcohol Suppl, 26, pp. 131-136; Heath, A.C., Berg, K., Eaves, L.J., Solaas, M.H., Corey, L.A., Sunder, J., Magnus, P., Nance, W.E., Education policy and the heritability of educational attainment (1985) Nature, 314, pp. 734-736; Lichtenstein, P., Pedersen, N.L., McClearn, G.E., The origins of individual differences in occupational status and educational level (1992) Scand Sociol Assoc, 35, pp. 13-31; Kendler, K.S., Prescott, C.A., Neale, M.C., Pedersen, N.L., Temperance board registration for alcohol abuse in a national sample of Swedish male twins, born 1902 to 1949 (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 178-184; Kendler, K.S., Neale, M.C., Sullivan, P.F., Corey, L.A., Gardner, C.O., Prescott, C.A., A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence (1999) Psychol Med, 29, pp. 299-308; Kendler, K.S., Overview: A current perspective on twin studies of schizophrenia (1983) Am J Psychiatry, 140, pp. 1413-1425; Morris-Yates, A., Andrews, G., Howie, P., Henderson, S., Twins: A test of the equal environments assumption (1990) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 81, pp. 322-326; Heath, A.C., Jardine, R., Martin, N.G., Interactive effects of genotype and social environment on alcohol consumption in female twins (1989) J Stud Alcohol, 60, pp. 38-48; Clifford, C.A., Hopper, J.L., Fulker, D., Murray, R.M., A genetic and environmental analysis of a twin family study of alcohol use, anxiety, and depression (1984) Genet Epidemiol, 1, pp. 63-79; Kaprio, J., Koskenvuo, M., Rose, R.J., Change in cohabitation and intrapair similarity of monozygotic (MZ) cotwins for alcohol use, extraversion, and neuroticism (1990) Behav Genet, 20, pp. 265-276; Pedersen, N.L., McClearn, G.E., Plomin, R., Nesselroade, J.R., Effects of early rearing environment on twin similarity in the last half of the life span (1992) Br J Dev Psychol, 10, pp. 255-267; Sabol, S.Z., Nelson, M.L., Fisher, C., Gunzerath, L., Brody, C.L., Hu, S., Sirota, L.A., Hamer, D.H., A genetic association for cigarette smoking behavior (1999) Health Psychol, 18, pp. 7-13; Straub, R.E., Sullivan, P.F., Ma, Y., Myakishev, M.V., Harris-Kerr, C., Wormley, B., Kadambi, B., Kendler, K.S., Susceptibility genes for nicotine dependence: A genome scan and followup in an independent sample suggest that regions on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 16, 17 and 18 merit further study (1999) Mol Psychiatry, 4, pp. 129-144 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033861385&partnerID=40&md5=3bbdb1f050f5dbdd6272d1473c79a9f0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical activity in relation to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents T2 - European Journal of Pediatrics, Supplement J2 - Eur. J. Pediatr. Suppl. VL - 159 IS - 1 SP - S45 EP - S55 PY - 2000 SN - 09439676 (ISSN) AU - Molnar, D. AU - Livingstone, B. AD - Department of Paediatrics, University of Pecs, Jozsef A. u. 7, 7623 Pecs, Hungary AB - Fitness and physical activity levels of children and adolescents are commonly addressed but data on scientific investigations are both equivocal and methodologically diverse. The intensity and type of physical activity that benefit health and development during childhood are not known. Measurement of activity in children is problematic since there is no valid method of assessing activity levels that is feasible for use in large field studies. Most studies using self-report methods, heart rate studies using low heart rate threshold and doubly labelled water studies indicate relatively high levels of activity in children. The three national surveys on large representative samples reported that 60% to 70% of all children were involved in sufficient physical activity according to various definitions. Heart rate studies demonstrate that children generally perform short bouts of moderate to vigorous activities and seldom participate in long-sustained vigorous activities. They also proved that children perform large volumes of activity in the lower heart rate zones. It is generally accepted that boys are more active than girls and physical activity declines by age (peak around 13 to 14 years of age). The difference between the physical activity of European and North American children or between children living in different European countries is difficult to judge due to the diversity of methodology and definitions. Conclusion There is a need to identify more clearly the quantity and type of activity which improves the health and promotes the normal development of children and to improve the methods assessing physical activity. KW - Childhood obesity KW - Physical activity KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - body fat KW - child KW - childhood KW - energy expenditure KW - heart rate KW - human KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - priority journal KW - review KW - self report KW - Adolescent KW - Age Distribution KW - Child KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Europe KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Heart Rate KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Sex Distribution KW - United States N1 - Cited By :99 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJPSF C2 - 11011955 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Molnar, D.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Pecs, Jozsef A. u. 7, 7623 Pecs, Hungary; email: dmolnar@apacs.pote.hu N1 - References: (1992), Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey. A report on activity patterns and fitness levels. Sports Council and Health Education Authority, London; (1991), American College of Sports Medicine. Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia; Anderson, L.B., Schelin, B., Physical activity and performance in a random sample of adolescents attending school in Denmark (1994) Scand J Med Sci Sports, 4, pp. 13-18; Armstrong, N., Bray, S., Physical activity patterns defined by continuous heart rate monitoring (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 245-247; Armstrong, N., McManus, A., Welsman, J., Kirby, B., Physical activity patterns and aerobic fitness among prepubescents (1996) Eur J Phys Educ Rev, 2, pp. 19-29; Armstrong, N., Williams, J., Balding, J., Gentle, P., Kirby, B., Cardiopulmonary fitness, physical activity patterns, and selected coronary risk factor variables in 11- to 16-year-olds (1991) Pediatr Exerc Sci, 3, pp. 219-228; Bandini, L.G., Schoeller, D.A., Dietz, W.H., Energy expenditure in obese and non-obese adolescents (1990) Pediatr Res, 27, pp. 198-203; Bandini, L.G., Schoeller, D.A., Edwards, J., Young, V.R., Oh, S.H., Dietz, W.H., Energy expenditure during carbohydrate overfeeding in obese and non-obese adolescents (1989) Am J Physiol, 256, pp. E357-E367; Beunen, G., Malina, R.M., Ostyn, M., Renson, R., Simons, J., Van Gerven, D., Fatness, growth and motor fitness of Belgian boys 12 through 20 years of age (1983) Hum Biol, 55, pp. 599-613; Beunen, G.P., Malina, R.M., Renson, R., Simons, J., Ostyn, M., Lefevre, J., Physical activity and growth, maturation and performance: A longitudinal study (1992) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24, pp. 576-585; Blair, S.N., Clark, D.G., Cureton, K.J., Exercise and fitness in childhood: Implications for a lifetime of health (1989), pp. 401-430. , Gisolfi CV, Lamb DR (eds) Perspectives in exercise science and sports medicine. Benchmark, Indianapolis; Bouten, C.V.C., Westertep, K.R., Verduin, M., Janssen, J.D., Assessment of energy expenditure for physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer (1994) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 26, pp. 1516-1523; Bratteby, L.E., Sandhagen, B., Fan, H., Enghardt, H., Samuelson, G., Total energy expenditure and physical activity as assessed by the doubly labeled water method in Swedish adolescents in whom energy intake was underestimated by 7-d diet records (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 905-911; Bruch, H., Obesity in childhood IV. Energy expenditure in obese children (1940) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med (Am J Dis Child), 60, pp. 1082-1090; Cale, L., Almond, L., Physical activity levels of secondary-aged children: A review (1992) Health Educ J, 51, pp. 192-197; Cale, L., Almond, L., Physical activity levels of young children: A review of the evidence (1992) Health Educ J, 51, pp. 94-99; Calles-Escandon, J., Horton, E.S., The thermogenic role of exercise in the treatment of morbid obesity: A critical evaluation (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 55, pp. 533S-537S; (1981), Canada Fitness Survey. Canadian youth and physical activity. Canada Fitness Survey, Ottawa, Canada; (1994), Central Statistical Office. Social trends 24. HMSO, London; Cernerud, L., Height and body mass index of seven-year, old Stockholm schoolchildren from 1940 to 1990 (1993) Acta Paediatr, 82, pp. 304-305; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness for English and Scottish children 1972-1982 and 1982-1990 (1994) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 8, pp. 90-106; Davies, P.S., Day, J.M., Lucas, A., Energy expenditure in early infancy and later body fatness (1991) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 15, pp. 727-731; Davies, P.S.W., Gregory, J., White, A., Physical activity and body fatness in pre-school children (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 6-10; Davies, P.S.W., Livingstone, M.B.E., Prentice, A.M., Coward, W.A., Jagger, S., Stewart, C., Strain, J.J., Whitehead, R.G., Total energy expenditure during childhood and adolescence (1991) Proc Nutr Soc, 50, pp. 14A; Deheeger, M., Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Fontvieille, A.M., Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: Linkage with nutritional intake (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 372-379; DeLany, J.P., Harsha, D.W., Kime, J.C., Kumler, J., Melancon, L., Bray, G.A., Energy expenditure in lean and obese prepubertal children (1995) Obes Res, 3 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 67-72; (1991), Department of Health. Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects. No 41, HMSO, London; Dickenson, B., The activity patterns of young people - The implications for PE (1986) Bull Phys Ed, 22, pp. 36-38; Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; Dupin, H., Hercberg, S., Lagrange, V., Evolution of French diet: Nutritional aspects (1984) World Rev Nutr Diet, 44, pp. 57-84; Durnin, J.V.G.A., Lonergan, M.E., Good, J., Ewan, A., A cross-sectional nutritional and anthropometric study, with an interval of seven years, on 611 young adolescent schoolchildren (1974) Br J Nutr, 32, pp. 169-179; Engstrom, L.M., The process of socialisation into keep-fit activities (1986) Scand J Sports Sci, 8, pp. 105-122; Fagard, R., Habitual physical activity, training, and blood pressure in normo- and hypertension (1985) Int J Sports Med, 6, pp. 57-67; Fontvieille, A.M., Kriska, A., Ravussin, E., Decreased physical activity in Pima Indian compared with Caucasian children (1993) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 17, pp. 445-452; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R.A., Williamson, D.F., Berenson, G.S., Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: The Bogalusa heart study (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 420-426; Fuchs, R., Powell, K.E., Semmer, N.K., Dwyer, J.H., Lippert, P., Hoffmeister, H., Patterns of physical activity among German adolescents: The Berlin-Bremen study (1988) Prev Med, 17, pp. 746-763; Goldberg, L., Elliot, D.L., The effect of physical activity on lipid and lipoprotein levels (1985) Med Clin North Am, 69, pp. 41-45; Goran, M.I., Measurement issues related to studies of childhood obesity: Assessment of body composition, body fat distribution, physical activity, and food intake (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (SUPPL.), pp. 505-518; Goran, M.I., Hunter, G., Nagy, T.R., Johnson, R., Physical activity related energy expenditure and fat mass in young children (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 171-178; Goran, M.I., Shewchuk, R., Gower, B.A., Nagy, T.R., Carpenter, W.H., Johnson, R.K., Longitudinal changes in fatness in white children: No effect of childhood energy expenditure (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 309-316; Guillaume, M., Lapidus, L., Bjontorp, P., Lambert, A., Physical activity, and obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in children. The Belgian Luxembourg child study (1997) Obes Res, 5, pp. 549-556; Gunnell, D.J., Frankel, S.J., Nanchahal, K., Peters, T.J., Davey Smith, G., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 1111-1118; Harsha, D.W., The benefits of physical activity in childhood (1995) Am J Med Sci, 310 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S109-S113; Heath, G.W., Pratt, M., Warren, C.W., Kann, L., Physical activity patterns in American high school students (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 1131-1136; Hillman, M., Adams, J., Whitelegg, J., (1990), One false move. Institute for Policy Studies, London; Huenemann, R.L., Shapiro, L.R., Hampton, M.C., Mitchell, B.W., Teenagers' activities and attitudes toward activity (1967) J Am Diet Assoc, 51, pp. 433-440; Johnson, R.K., Russ, J., Goran, M.I., Physical activity related energy expenditure in children by doubly labeled water as compared with the Caltrac accelerometer (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 1046-1052; Kemper, H.C.G., Verschuur, R., De May, L., Longitudinal changes of aerobic fitness in youth ages 12 to 23 (1989) Pediatr Exerc Sci, 1, pp. 257-270; Kikuchi, S., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Physical fitness of 9 year olds in England: Related factors (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 180-185; Klesges, R.C., Klesges, L.M., Eck, L.H., Shelton, M.L., A longitudinal analysis of accelerated weight gain in preschool children (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 126-130; Klesges, R.C., Shelton, M.L., Klesges, L.M., Effect of television on metabolic rate: Potential implications for childhood obesity (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 281-286; Kuh, D.J.L., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 114-119; La Porte, R.E., Montoye, H.J., Casperson, C.J., Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research: Problems and prospects (1985) Public Health Rep, 100, pp. 134-146; Livingstone, M.B.E., Energy expenditure and physical activity in relation to fitness in children (1994) Proc Nutr Soc, 53, pp. 207-221; Livingstone, M.B.E., Coward, W.A., Prentice, A.M., Davies, P.S.W., Strain, J.J., McKenna, P.G., Mahoney, C.A., Kerr, M.J., Daily energy expenditure in free-living children: Comparison of heart rate monitoring with the doubly labeled Water (2H218O) method (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 343-352; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 758-764; Maffeis, C., Zaffanello, M., Pinelli, L., Schutz, Y., Total energy expenditure and patterns of activity in 8-10 year-old obese and non-obese children (1996) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 23, pp. 256-261; Maffeis, C., Zaffanello, M., Schutz, Y., Relationship between physical inactivity and adiposity in prebubertal boys (1997) J Pediatr, 131, pp. 288-292; Malina, R.M., Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan (1996) Res Q Exerc Sport, 67 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S48-S57; Malina, R.M., Beunen, G.P., Claessens, A.L., Lefevre, J., Vanden Eyende, B., Renson, R., Vanreusel, B., Simons, J., Fatness and physical fitness of girls 7 to 17 years (1995) Obes Res, 3, pp. 221-231; Marti, B., Vartiainen, E., Relation between leisure time exercise and cardiovascular risk factors among 15-year-olds in eastern Finland (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 228-233; Moore, L.L., Nguyen, U.S., Rothman, K.J., Cupples, L.A., Ellison, R.C., Preschool physical activity level and change in body fatness in young children. The Framingham Children's Study (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 982-988; Moussa, M.A., Skaik, M.B., Selwanes, S.B., Yaghy, O.Y., Bin-Othman, S.A., Factors associated with obesity in school children (1994) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, pp. 513-515; Must, A., Jaques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Nicklas, T.A., Webber, L.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Secular trends in dietary intakes and cardiovascular risk factors of 10-y-old children: The Bogalusa heart study (1973-1988) (1993) Am J Clin Nutr, 57, pp. 930-937; Pate, R.R., Baranowski, T., Dowda, M., Trost, S.G., Tracking of physical activity in young children (1996) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 28, pp. 92-96; Pate, R.R., Pratt, M., Blair, S.N., Haskel, W.L., Macera, C.A., Bouchard, C., Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine (1995) JAMA, 273, pp. 402-407; Popkin, B.M., Doak, C.M., The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon (1998) Nutr Rev, 56, pp. 106-114; Powell, K.E., Thompson, P.D., Casperon, C.J., Kendrick, K.S., Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease (1987) Ann Rev Public Health, 8, pp. 281-287; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Raitakari, O.T., Porkka, K.V., Taimela, S., Telama, R., Rasanen, L., Viikari, J.S., Effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults. The cardiovascular risk in young Finns study (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 195-205; Raitakari, O.T., Taimela, S., Porkka, K.V., Leino, M., Telama, R., Dahl, M., Viikari, J.S., Patterns of intense physical activity among 15- to 30-year-old Finns. The cardiovascular risk in young Finns study (1996) Scand J Med Sci Sports, 6, pp. 36-39; Riddoch, C., Savage, J.M., Murphy, N., Cran, G.W., Boreham, C., Long term health implications of fitness and physical activity patterns (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 1426-1433; Riddoch, C.J., Boreham, C.A.G., The health-related physical activity of children (1995) Sports Med, 19, pp. 86-102; Riddoch, C.J., Mahoney, C., Murphy, N., Boreham, C., Cran, G., The physical activity patterns of Northern Irish schoolchildren ages 11-16 years (1991) Pediatr Exerc Sci, 3, pp. 300-309; Riddoch, C.J., Murphy, N., Nicholis, A., Van Wersche, A., Cran, G., (1990), The Northern Ireland Health and Fitness Survey. The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast; Roberts, S.B., Savage, J., Coward, W.A., Chew, B., Lucas, A., Energy expenditure and intake in infants born to lean and overweight mothers (1988) N Engl J Med, 318, pp. 461-466; Ross, J.G., Gilbert, G.G., The National Children and Youth Fitness Study: A summary of findings (1985) J Phys Educ Recreat Dance, 56, pp. 45-50; Ross, J.G., Pate, R.R., The National Children and Youth Fitness Study II (1987) J Phys Educ Recreat Dance, 58, pp. 51-56; Salbe, A.D., Fontvieille, A.M., Harper, I.T., Ravussin, E., Low levels of physical activity in 5-year-old children (1997) J Pediatr, 131, pp. 423-429; Salbe, A.D., Nicolson, M., Ravussin, E., Total energy expenditure and the level of physical activity correlate with plasma leptin concentrations in five-year-old children (1997) J Clin Invest, 99, pp. 592-595; Sallis, J.F., Patrick, K., Physical activity guidelines for adolescents: Consensus statement (1994) Pediatr Exerc Sci, 6, pp. 302-314; Saris, W.H.M., (1982), Arobic power and daily physical activity in children. Kripps Repro, Meppel, Netherlands; Saris, W.H.M., Habitual physical activity in children: Methodology and findings in health and disease (1986) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 18, pp. 253-263; Saris, W.H.M., Binkhorst, R.A., Cramuricked, A.B., The relationship between working performance, daily physical activity, fatness, blood lipids and nutrition in schoolchildren , pp. 166-174. , Berg K, Eriksson BO (eds) Children and exercise. University Park Press, Baltimore; Saris, W.H.M., Emons, H.G.J., Groenenboom, D.C., Westertep, K.R., Discrepancy between FAO/WHO energy requirements and actual energy expenditure levels in healthy 7-11 year-old children (1990), p. 119. , Beunen G, Ghequire J, Reybrouck T, et al (eds) Children and exercise. Enke, Stuttgart; Schlicker, S.A., Borra, S.T., Regan, C., The weight and fitness status of United States children (1994) Nutr Rev, 52, pp. 11-17; Seidel, J.C., Obesity in Europe: Scaling an epidemic (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S1-S4; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Shephard, R.J., Fitness of a nation: Lessons from the Canada Fitness Survey (1986) Med Sport Sci, 22, pp. 116-131; Silvennionen, M., Relations between different kinds of physical activity and motive types among Finnish comprehensive and upper secondary school pupils (1984) Scand J Sports Sci, 6, pp. 72-82; Simons-Morton, B.G., O'Hara, N.M., Simons-Morton, D.G., Parcel, G.S., Children and fitness: A public health perspective (1987) Res Q Exerc Sport, 58, pp. 295-302; Sleap, M., Warburton, P., Physical activity levels of 5-11 year-old children in England: Cumulative evidence from three direct observation studies (1996) Int J Sport Med, 17, pp. 248-253; (1987), Sports Council for Wales. Heartbeat report No 23 -Exercise for Health - Health-related fitness in Wales. Wales Heart Programme Directorate, Cardiff; Stefanik, P.A., Heald, F.P., Mayer, J., Caloric intake in relation to energy output of obese and non-obese adolescent boys (1959) Am J Clin Nutr, 7, pp. 55-62; Sunnegardh, J., Bratteby, L.E., Maximal oxygen uptake, anthropometry and physical activity in a randomly selected sample of 8- and 13-year-old children in Sweden (1987) Eur J Appl Physiol, 56, pp. 266-272; Sunnegardh, J., Bratteby, L.-E., Hagman, U., Samuelson, G., Sjolin, S., Physical activity in relation to energy intake and body fat in 8- and 13-year-old children in Sweden (1986) Acta Paediatr Scand, 75, pp. 955-963; Telama, R., Viikari, J., Valimaki, I., Siren-Tiusanen, H., Akerbloom, H.K., Uhari, M., Dahl, M., Pietikainen, M., Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. X. Leisure-time physical activity (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand, 318 (SUPPL.), pp. 169-180; Telama, R., Yang, X., Laakso, L., Viikari, J., Physical activity in childhood and adolescence as a predictor of physical activity in young adulthood (1997) Am J Prev Med, 13, pp. 317-323; Tell, G.S., Vellar, O.D., Physical fitness, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents: The Oslo youth study (1988) Prey Med, 17, pp. 12-24; Tolstrup, K., On psychogenic obesity in children IV (1953) Acta Paediatr Scand, 42, pp. 289-303; Treuth, M.S., Figueroa-Colon, R., Hunter, G.R., Weinsier, R.L., Butte, N.F., Goran, M.I., Energy expenditure and physical fitness in overweight versus non-overweight prepubertal girls (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 440-447; Vanreusel, B., Renson, R., Beunen, G., Claessens, A.L., Lefevre, J., Lysens, R., Vanden Eyende, B., (1997) Int Rev Soc Sport, 32, pp. 373-387; Verschuur, R., Kemper, H.C.G., Habitual physical activity in Dutch teenagers measured by heart rate (1985), pp. 194-202. , Bonkhorst RA, Kemper HCG, Saris WHM (eds) Children and exercise. Human Kinetics, Champaign; Verschuur, R., Kemper, H.C.G., The pattern of daily physical activity (1985) Med Sci Sports, 20, pp. 169-186; Verschuur, R., Kemper, H.C.G., Besseling, C.W.M., Habitual physical activity and health in 13- and 14-year-old teenagers (1984), pp. 255-261. , Limarinen J, Valimaki I (eds) Children and sport. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York; Weymans, M., Reybrouck, T., Habitual level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory endurance capacity in children (1989) Eur J Appl Physiol, 58, pp. 803-807; Williams, A., Physical activity patterns among adolescents - Some curriculum implications (1988) Phys Educ Rev, 11, pp. 28-39; Wold, B., Aaro, L., (1986), Physical activity and lifestyle socialization in youth. Health behaviour in schoolchildren. WHO cross-national survey. World Health Organisation, GenevaUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033840510&partnerID=40&md5=2c650a72035fdbde97bcc9abcb2a554a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epidemiology of childhood obesity in Europe T2 - European Journal of Pediatrics, Supplement J2 - Eur. J. Pediatr. Suppl. VL - 159 IS - 1 SP - S14 EP - S34 PY - 2000 SN - 09439676 (ISSN) AU - Livingstone, B. AD - Northern Ireland Ctr. Diet and Hlth., University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, United Kingdom AB - At present, estimation of the prevalence and secular trends in paediatric obesity in Europe is severely hampered by methodological problems in the definition of obesity and the paucity of data sets that mirror the demographic, cultural and socioeconomic composition of the European population. The available cross-sectional data, however imperfect, suggest that there are complex patterns in prevalence which vary with time, age, sex and geographical region. Overall, the prevalence of obesity in young children is relatively low compared to adolescents. Gender differences in prevalence are inconsistent. The highest rates of obesity are observed in eastern and southern European countries and even within countries there may be marked variability in the rates of obesity. It is not clear whether the trends in paediatric obesity are a simple consequence of an overall increase in fatness in Europe or whether there may be sub-groups of children who, at certain ages, are either particularly susceptible to environmental challenges or are selectively exposed to such challenges. The respective contributions of dietary energy intake and patterns of physical activity to the aetiology of childhood obesity present a confused and confusing picture. Changing demographic and social circumstances throughout Europe are linked to childhood obesity but it is highly unlikely that these interact in similar ways in the genesis of obesity in different individuals and population groups. Conclusion: At present, our limited understanding of the variability in susceptibility to obesity in European children and adolescents provides powerful justification for the development of preventive strategies which are population based rather than selectively targeted at high-risk children. KW - Adolescents KW - Body mass index KW - Children KW - Cross-sectional studies KW - Definition of obesity KW - Energy intake KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Physical activity KW - Sociodemographic factors KW - Tracking KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - body mass KW - caloric intake KW - child KW - child growth KW - childhood KW - disease predisposition KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - review KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Age Distribution KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Energy Intake KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Europe KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Sex Distribution N1 - Cited By :226 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJPSF C2 - 11011953 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Livingstone, B.; Northern Ireland Ctr. Diet and Hlth., University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, United Kingdom; email: mbe.livingstone@ulst.ac.uk N1 - References: Adamson, A., Rugg-Gunn, A., Butler, T., Appleton, D., Hackett, A., Nutritional intake, height and weight of 11-12-year-old Northumbrian children in 1990 compared with information obtained in 1980 (1992) Br J Nutr, 68, pp. 543-563; (1992), Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey. A report on activity patterns and fitness levels. London: Sports Council and Health Education Authority; Antonella E.-Del, P., Luca, S., Emilia de, F., Rosaria, P.M., Annarita, C., Giuseppe, C., Franco, C., Armido, R., Familial and environmental influences on body composition and body fat distribution in childhood in Southern Italy (1994) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, pp. 596-601; Astrup, A., Buemann, B., Western, P., Toubro, S., Raben, A., Christensen, N.J., Obesity as an adaption to a high-fat diet: Evidence from a cross-sectional study (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 350-355; Babini, A.C., Parenti, M., Sorrenti, G., Herlich, S., Folli, A.B., Besteghi, L., Stato nutrizionale degli adolescenti nati nel 1972 della citta di Imola (1989), pp. 47-52. , Melchionda N, Enzi G, Bosello O (eds) Obesita '88 Fisiopatologia, clinica e terapia. Luigi Parma, Bologna; Bandini, L.G., Schoeller, D.A., Cyr, H.N., Dietz, W.H., Validity of reported energy intake in obese and nonobese adolescents (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 421-425; Bandini, L.G., Cyr, H., Must, A., Dietz, W.H., Validity of reported energy intake in preadolescent girls (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 65 (SUPPL.), pp. 1138S-1141S; Bellisle, F., Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Obesity and food intake in children: Evidence for the role of metabolic and/or behavioural daily rhythms (1988) Appetite, 11, pp. 111-118; Bellu, R., Ortisi, M.T., Incerti, P., Mazzoleni, V., Martinoli, G., Agostoni, C., Galluzzo, C., Giovannini, M., Nutritional survey on a sample of one-year-old infants in Milan: Intake of macronutrients (1991) Nutr Res, 11, pp. 1221-1229; Bergstrom, E., Are Swedish adolescents malnourished or well-nourished? Results from the Umea Youth Study (1998) Scan J Nutr, 42, pp. 25-28; Bergstrom, E., Hernell, O., Persson, L.A., Dietary changes in Swedish adolescents (1993) Acta Paediatr, 82, pp. 472-480; Beunen, G.P., Claessens, J.A., Lefevre, M.S., Ostyn, R.A., Renson, R.A., Simons, J.M., Van Gerven, D.G., Simple body fatness indices in youths 12-20 years of age (1988) Humanbiol Budapest, 18, pp. 25-30; Beunen, G., Malina, R.M., Lefevre, J., Claessens, R., Renson, R., Simons, J., Maes, H., Lysens, R., Size, fatness and relative fat distribution of males of contrasting maturity status during adolescence and as adults (1994) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, pp. 670-678; Bihari, A., Bedo, M., Occurence of obesity in children's communities of the district of Monor (1982) Egeszsegtudomany, 26, pp. 289-296; Biro, G., (1993), (ed) first Hungarian Representative Nutrition Survey. Albaswiss Press, Budapest; Bodzsar, E.B., Papai, J., Secular trends in body proportions and composition (1994) Humanbiol Budapest, 25, pp. 245-254; De Boer, J.O., Knuiman, J.T., West, C.E., Burema, J., Rasanen, L., Scaccini, C., Villavieja, G.M., Lokko, P., Within person variation in daily dietary intake of boys from Finland, the Netherlands, Italy, the Philippines and Ghana (1987) Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 41 A, pp. 225-232; Boggio, V., Klepping, J., Caracteristiques de la ration alimentaire de l'enfant (1981) Arch Fr Pediatr, 38, pp. 679-686; Braddon, F.E.M., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 299-303; Bruntland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7, pp. 307-322; Bull, N.L., Dietary habits of 15 to 25-year-olds (1985) Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 39 A (SUPPL.), pp. 1-68; Campaigne, B.N., Morrison, J.A., Schumann, B.C., Falkner, F., Lakatos, E., Sprecher, D., Schreiber, G.B., Indexes of obesity and comparisons with previous national survey data in 9- and 10-year-old black and white girls: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (1994) J Pediatr, 124, pp. 675-680; Capozzi, G., Vitiello, N., Granato, L., Garginelo, M.L., Langella, S., Sabetti, P., Greco, L., Weight and obesity analysis in Campania's schoolchildren (1989) Riv Ital Pediatr, 15, pp. 429-436; Catassi, C., Guerrieri, A., Natalini, G., Oggiano, N., Coppa, G.V., Giorgi, P.L., Computerised dietary analysis in children aged (6-30 months. I. Method of the survey and energy intake (1988) Riv Ital Pediatr, 14, pp. 702-706; Caviezel, F., Bossi, A., Ruggerini, M., Franzetti, I., Morricone, L., Gallus, G., Studio epidemiologico sull'obesita infantile: Criteri di valutazione e prevalenza (1989), pp. 41-46. , Melchionda N, Enzi G, Bosello O (eds) Obesita '88, Fisiop-atologia, clinica e terapia. Luigi Parma, Bologna; Cerrati, F., Garavaglia, M., Piatti, L., Brambilla, P., Rondanini, G.F., Bolla, P., Ghisalberti, C., Chiumello, G., Screening dell' obesita nella popolazione scolastica della zona 20 di Milano ed intervento di educazione alimentare (1990) Epidemiol Prev, 45, pp. 1-8; Cernerud, L., Height and body mass index of seven-year-old Stockholm schoolchildren from 1940 to 1990 (1993) Acta Paediatr, 82, pp. 304-305; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness for English and Scottish children 1972-1982 and 1982-1990 (1994) Paediatr Perin Epidemiol, 8, pp. 90-106; Cole, T.J., Weight-stature indices to measure underweight, overweight and obesity (1991), pp. 83-111. , Himes HJ (ed) Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status, Wiley-Liss, New York; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Colley, J.R.T., Obesity in schoolchildren (1974) Br J Prev Soc Med, 28, pp. 221-225; Crawley, H.F., The energy, nutrient and food intakes of teenagers aged 16-17 years in Britain. 1. Energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (1993) Br J Nutr, 70, pp. 15-26; Cunningham, K., Lee, P., (1990), The Irish National Nutrition Survey 1990. The Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute, Dublin; Czinner, A., Regoly-Merei, A., Barta, L., Tichy, M., Antropometnai meresek ket Budapesti iskolaban (in Hungarian) (1983) Gyermekgyogyaszat, 34, pp. 99-106; Damyanova, Kr., Athanassova, M., Koprivarova, K., Epidemiological investigations of obesity among children between 0 and 7 years of age in the district of the policlinics in Sofia (in Bulgarian) (1979) Pediatria Sofia, 18, pp. 69-76; Darke, S.J., Disselduff, M.M., Try, G.P., Frequency distributions of mean daily intakes of food energy and selected nutrients obtained during nutrition surveys of different groups of people in Great Britain between 1968 and 1971 (1980) Br J Nutr, 44, pp. 243-252; Davies, P.S.W., Diet composition and body mass index in pre-school children (1997) Eur J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 443-448; Davies, P.S.W., Coward, W.A., Gregory, J., White, A., Mills, A., Total energy expenditure and energy intake in the pre-school child: A comparison (1994) Br J Nutr, 72, pp. 13-20; Deheeger, M., Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Pequignot, F., Labadie, M.D., Rossignol, C., Etude longitudinale de l'alimentation des enfants ages de 10 mois, 2 ans et 4 ans (1990) Arch Fr Pediatr, 7, pp. 531-537; Deheeger, M., Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Pequignot, F., Labadie, M.D., Rossignol, C., Vinit, F., Evolution de l'alimentation des enfants ages de 2 ans entre 1973 et 1986 (1991) Ann Nutr Metab, 35, pp. 132-140; Deheeger, M., Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Labadie, M.D., Rossignol, C., Etude longitudinale de la croissance et de l'alimentation d'enfants examines de l'age de 10 mois a 8 ans (1994) Cah Nutr Diet, 29, pp. 16-23; (1975), Department of Health. Report on Health and Social Subjects 10. A Nutrition Survey of Pre-School Children in 1967-68. HMSO, London; (1989), Department of Health. The Diets of British School children. Reports of health and social subjects 36. HMSO, London; (1995), Department of Health. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Children aged 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 years. HMSO, London; Obesity: Reversing the increasing problem of obesity in England (1995), Report from the Nutrition and Physical Activity Task Forces. Department of Health, London; Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Factors within the physical environment associated with childhood obesity (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 39, pp. 619-624; Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., TV or not TV: Fat is the question (1998) JAMA, 279, pp. 499-501; DiPietro, L., Mossberg, H.O., Stunkard, A.J., A 40-year history of overweight children in Stockholm: Life-time overweight, morbidity and mortality (1994) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, pp. 585-590; Dober, I., The frequency of obesity among school children of Pecs (in Hungarian) (1987) Nepegeszsegugy, 68, pp. 90-93; Dreon, D.M., Frey-Hewitt, B., Ellsworth, N., Williams, P.T., Terry, R.B., Wood, P.D., Dietary fat:carbohydrate ratio and obesity in middle-aged men (1988) Am J Clin Nutr, 47, pp. 995-1000; Duran-Tauleria, E., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness in British children (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 466-473; Durnin, J.V.G.A., Energy balance in childhood and adolescence (1984) Proc Nutr Soc, 43, pp. 271-279; Durnin, J.V.G.A., Lonergan, M.E., Good, J., Ewan, A., A cross-sectional nutritional and anthropometric study, with an interval of 7 years, on 611 young adolescent schoolchildren (1974) Br J Nutr, 32, pp. 169-179; Eck, L.H., Klesges, R.C., Hanson, C.L., Slawson, D., Children at familial risk of obesity: An examination of dietary intake, physical activity and weight status (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 71-78; Eiben, O.G., The Kormend Growth Study: Secular growth changes in Hungary (1994) Humanbiol Budapest, 25, pp. 205-219; Elmadfa, I., Godina-Zarfl, B., Konig, J., Dichtl, M., Faist, V., Prevalence of overweight and plasma lipids in 7-18 year old Austrian children and adolescents (1993) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 17 (SUPPL. 2), p. 35; Eposito-Del Puente, A., Contaldo, F., DeFilippo, E., Scalfi, L., DiMaio, S., Franzese, A., Valerio, G., Rubino, A., High prevalence of overweight in a children population living in Naples (Italy) (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, pp. 283-286; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., (1990), Worldwide variation in human growth, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Energy and protein requirements (1985), Report of joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultants. WHO Technical Report Series no: 724, WHO, Geneva; Flegal, K.M., Defining obesity in children and adolescents: Epidemiological approaches (1993) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 33, pp. 307-312; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R.A., Williamson, D.F., Berenson, G.S., Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades; the Bogalusa Heart Study (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 420-426; Garn, S., Bailey, S., Cole, P., Higgins, I.T.T., Evidence for the social inheritance of obesity in childhood and adolescence (1978), pp. 217-228. , Gedda L, Parisi P (eds) Auxology: Human growth in health and disorder. Academic Press, London; Gazzaniga, J.M., Burns, T.L., Relationship between diet composition and body fatness, with adjustment for resting energy expenditure and physical activity, in pre-adolescent children (1993) Am J Clin Nutr, 58, pp. 21-28; Giovannini, M., Galluzzo, G., Scaglioni, S., Ortisi, M.T., Rottoli, A., Longhi, R., Riva, E., Agostoni, C., Anthropometric data and dietary habits of a paediatric population in Milan (1986) Riv Ital Pediatr, 12, pp. 533-540; Gortmaker, S.L., Dietz, W.H., Sobol, A.M., Wehler, C.A., Increasing pediatric obesity in the United States (1987) Am J Dis Child, 141, pp. 535-540; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Griffiths, M., Rivers, J.P.W., Payne, P.R., Energy intake in children at high and low risk of obesity (1987) Hum Nutr Clin Nutr, 41 C, pp. 425-430; Hackett, A.F., Rugg-Gunn, A.J., Appleton, D.R., Eastoe, J.E., Jenkins, G.N., A 2-year longitudinal nutritional survey of 405 Northumberland children initially aged 11.5 years (1984) Br J Nutr, 51, pp. 67-75; Hackett, A.F., Kirby, S., Howie, M., A national survey of the diets of children aged 13-14 years living in urban areas of the United Kingdom (1997) J Hum Nutr Diet, 10, pp. 37-51; Hagman, U., Bruce, A., Persson, L.A., Samuelson, G., Sjolin, S., Food habits and nutrient intake in childhood in relation to health and socio-economic conditions. A Swedish multicentre study 1980-1981 (1986) Acta Paediatr Scand, 328 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-56; Hampton, M.C., Huenemann, R.L., Shapiro, L.R., Mitchell, B.W., Caloric and nutrient intakes of teenagers (1967) J Am Diet Assoc, 50, pp. 385-396; Harlan, W.R., Landis, J.R., Flegal, K.M., Davis, C.S., Miller, M.E., Secular trends in body mass in the United States 1960-1980 (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 1065-1074; Hawk, L.J., Brook, C.G.D., Influence of body fatness in childhood on fatness in adult life (1979) BMJ, 1, pp. 151-152; Himes, J.H., Roche, A.F., Subcutaneous fatness and stature; relationship from infancy to adulthood (1985) Ann Hum Biol, 12 (SUPPL. 1), p. 55; Hoffmans, M.D.A.F., Obermann-De Boer, G.L., Florack, E.I.M., Van Kampen-Donker, M., Kromhout, D., Energy, nutrient and food intake during infancy and early childhood. The Leiden preschool children study (1986) Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 40 A, pp. 421-430; Hoffmans, M.D.A.F., Kromhout, D., De Lezenne Coulander, C., The impact of body mass index of 78, 612 18-year old Dutch men on 32-year mortality from all causes (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 749-756; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch Dis Child, 76, pp. 182-189; Kafatos, A.G., Panagiotakopoulos, G., Bastakis, N., Trakas, D., Stoikidou, M., Pantelakis, S., Cardiovascular risk factors of Greek adolescents in Athens (1981) Prev Med, 10, pp. 173-186; Keiller, S.M., Colley, J.R., Carpenter, R.G., Obesity in schoolchildren and their parents (1979) Ann Hum Biol, 6, pp. 443-455; Kemper, H.C.G., (1995), 6. , The Amsterdam growth study. A longitudinal analysis of health, fitness and lifestyle. HK Sport Science Monograph Series, Human Kinetics Publishers; Kersting, M., Sichert-Hellbert, W., Lausen, B., Alexy, U., Manz, F., Schoch, G., Energy intake of 1 to 18 year old German children and adolescents (1998) Z Ernahrungswiss, 37, pp. 47-55; Klesges, L.M., Klesges, R.C., Eck, L.H., Somes, G.W., Longitudinal predictors of obesity in pre-school children (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, p. 983; Knuiman, J.T., Westenbrink, S., Van der Heyden, L., West, C.E., Burema, J., De Boer, J., Hautvast, J.G., Viikari, J., Determinants of total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in boys from Finland, the Netherlands, Italy, the Philippines and Ghana with special reference to diet (1983) Hum Nutr Clin Nutr, 37, pp. 237-254; Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Jaeger, U., Growth studies in Jena, Germany: Changes in body size and subcutaneous fat distribution between 1975 and 1995 (1997) Am J Hum Biol, 10, pp. 579-587; Kromeyer, K., Hauspie, R.C., Susanne, C., Socioeconomic factors and growth during childhood and early adolescence in Jena children (1997) Ann Hum Biol, 24, pp. 343-353; Kuh, D.J.L., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 114-119; Lang, T., Socioeconomic inequalities in health (1995) Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 43, pp. 193-196; Liestol, K., Rosenberg, M., Height, weight and menarcheal age of schoolgirls in Oslo - An update (1995) Ann Hum Biol, 22, pp. 199-205; Lissau, I., Sorensen, T.I.A., Prospective study of the influence of social factors in childhood on risk of overweight in young adulthood (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 169-175; Lindgren, G., Aurelius, G., Tanner, J., Healy, M., Socio-economic circumstances and the growth of Stockholm pre-school children: The 1980 birth cohort (1994) Acta Paediatr, 83, pp. 1209-1211; Livingstone, M.B.E., Prentice, A.M., Coward, W.A., Strain, J.J., Black, A.E., Davies, P.S.W., Stewart, C.M., White-Head, R.G., Validation of estimates of energy intake by weighed dietary record and diet history in children and adolescents (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 29-35; Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Billette, A., Miginiac, M., Munoz, F., Rey, S., Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, pp. 721-729; Maffeis, C., Schutz, Y., Piccoli, R., Gonfiantini, E., Pinelli, L., Prevalence of obesity in children in north-east Italy (1993) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 17, pp. 287-294; Maffeis, C., Micciolo, R., Must, A., Zaffanello, M., Pinelli, L., Parental and perinatal factors associated with childhood obesity in north-east Italy (1994) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, pp. 301-305; Maffeis, C., Pinelli, L., Schutz, Y., Fat intake and adiposity in 8 to 11-year-old obese children (1996) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, pp. 170-174; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 1-7; Magnati, G., Arsenio, L., Cavalli, S., Sforza, L.T., Strata, A., Studio dei valori staturoponderali e dei consumi alimentari in 464 ragazzi della provinicia di Parma (1989), pp. 53-60. , Melchionda N, Enzi G, Bosello O (eds) Obesita '88. Fisiopatologia, clinica e terapia, Luigi Parma, Bologna; Malina, R.M., Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan (1996) Res Q Exerc Sport, 67, pp. 48-57; Marmot, M.G., McDowall, M.E., Mortality decline and widening social inequalities (1986) Lancet, 2, pp. 274-276; McDowell, A., Engel, A., Massey, J., Maurer, K., (1981), Plan and operation of the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States 1976-1980 Vital Health Stat 1. No. 15; McKillop, F.M., Durnin, J.V.G.A., The energy and nutrient intake of a random sample (305) of infants (1982) Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 36 A, pp. 405-421; Mellbin, T., Vuille, J.C., Weight gain in infancy and physical development between 7 and 10.5 years of age (1976) Br J Prev Soc Med, 30, pp. 233-238; Michaud, C., Corniglion, J.M., Michel, F., Musse, N., Nicolas, J.P., Mejean, L., Sources of macronutrients and energy in the diet of a group of French high school students on school-days (1991) J Hum Nutr Diet, 4, pp. 91-99; Miller, F.J.W., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle upon Tyne children (1972) Br J Prev Soc Med, 26, pp. 224-230; Miller, W.C., Lindeman, A.K., Wallace, J., Niederpruem, N., Diet composition, energy intake and exercise in relation to body fat in men and women (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 426-430; Molnar, D., Livingstone, M.B.E., Physical activity in relation to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (1999) Eur J Pediatr, , (in press). This issue; Moreno, L.A., Sarria, A., Fleta, J., Rodriguez, M., Bueno, M., Trends in obesity among children in Aragon (Spain) 1985-1995 (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S7; Morris, R.W., Chinn, S., Weight-for-height as a measure of obesity in English children five to eleven years old (1981) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 5, pp. 359-366; Must, A., Dallal, G.E., Dietz, W.H., Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 839-846; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbitity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Plan, operation and response results of a program of children's examinations (1967) Vital Health Stat, 1, p. 5; Plan and operation of a Health Examination Survey of US youths 12-17 years of age (1969) Vital Health Stat, 1, p. 8; Plan and operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States 1971-1973 (1973) Vital Health Stat, 1, p. 10; Plan and operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 (1994) Vital Health Stat, 1, p. 32; Neiderud, J., Philip, I., Sjolin, S., Greek immigrant children in southern Sweden in comparison with Greek and Swedish children. 3. Energy and nutrient intake (1992) Acta Paediatr, 81, pp. 430-435; Nelson, M., Naismith, D.J., Burley, V., Gatenby, S., Geddes, N., Nutrient intakes, vitamin-mineral supplementation, and intelligence in British schoolchildren (1990) Br J Nutr, 64, pp. 13-22; Nieto, F.J., Szklo, M., Comstock, G.W., Childhood weight and growth rate as predictors of adult mortality (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 201-213; Nuutinen, E.M., Turtinen, J., Pokka, T., Kuusela, V., Dahlstrom, S., Viikari, J., Uhari, M., Akerblom, H.K., Obesity in children, adolescents and young adults (1991) Ann Med, 23, pp. 41-46; Oblacinska, A., (1997) Paediatr Polska, 72, pp. 241-245; Ortega, R.M., Requejo, A.M., Andres, P., Lopez-Sobaler, A.M., Redondo, R., Gonzalez-Fernandez, M., Relationship between diet composition and body mass index in a group of Spanish adolscents (1995) Br J Nutr, 74, pp. 765-773; Parizkova, J., Mackova, E., Mackova, J., Skopkova, M., Blood lipids as related to food intake, body composition and cardiorespiratory efficiency in preschool children (1986) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 5, pp. 295-298; Paul, A.A., Whitehead, R.G., Black, A.E., Energy intakes and growth from two months to three years in initially breast-fed children (1990) J Hum Nutr Diet, 3, pp. 79-92; Payne, J.A., Belton, N.R., Nutrient intake and growth in preschool children. I Comparision of energy intake and sources of energy with growth (1992) J Hum Nutr Diet, 5, pp. 287-298; Peckham, C.S., Stark, O., Simonite, V., Wolff, O.H., Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1983) BMJ, 286, pp. 1237-1242; Persson, L.A., Calgren, G., Measuring children's diets: Evaluation of dietary assessment techniques in infancy and childhood (1984) Int J Epidemiol, 13, pp. 506-517; Persson, L.A., Samuelson, G., Sjolin, S., Nutrition and health in Swedish children 1930-1980 (1989) Acta Paediatr Scand, 78, pp. 865-872; Pietilainen, K.H., Kaprio, J., Rissanen, A., Winter, T., Rimpela, A., Viken, R.J., Rose, R.J., Distribution and heritability of BMI in Finnish adolescents aged 16y and 17y: A study of 4884 twins and 2509 singletons (1999) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, pp. 107-115; Pinelli, L., Cirillo, D., Golinelli, M., Gonfiantini, E., Leveghi, R., Maffeis, C., Olivieri, A., Gaburro, D., Anthropometric data and dietary habits of 1177 children in Verona (1987) Riv Ital Pediatr, 13, pp. 6648-6673; Popkin, B.M., Doak, C.M., The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon (1998) Nutr Rev, 56, pp. 106-114; Van Poppel, G., Schneijder, P., Lowik, M.R.H., Schrijver, J., Kok, F.J., Nutritional status and food consumption in 10-11 year old Dutch boys (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System) (1991) Br J Nutr, 66, pp. 161-169; Poskitt, E.M.E., Cole, T.J., Nature, nurture and childhood overweight (1978) BMJ, 1, pp. 603-605; Post, B., Kemper, H.C.G., Van Essen, L., Longitudinal changes in nutritional habits of teenagers: Differences in intake between schooldays and weekend days (1987) Br J Nutr, 57, pp. 161-176; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 12, pp. 445-453; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Prebeg, Z., Juresa, V., Kujundzic, Secular growth changes in Zagreb schoolchildren over four decades 1951-91 (1995) Ann Hum Biol, 22, pp. 99-110; Prentice, A.M., Jebb, S.A., Obesity in Britian: Gluttony or sloth? (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 437-439; Prentice, A.M., Black, A.E., Coward, W.A., Davies, H.L., Goldberg, G.R., Ashford, J., Sawyer, M., Whitehead, R.G., High levels of energy expenditure in obese women (1986) BMJ, 292, pp. 983-987; Prokopec, M., Bellisle, F., Body mass index variations from birth to adulthood in Czech youths (1992) Acta Med Auxol, 24, pp. 87-93; Prokopec, M., Bellisle, F., Adiposity in Czech children followed from 1 month of age to adulthood: Analysis of individual BMI patterns (1993) Ann Hum Biol, 20, pp. 517-525; Rasanen, L., Ahola, M., Kara, R., Uhari, M., Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents viii: Food consumption and nutrient intakes (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand, 318 (SUPPL.), pp. 135-153; Rasanen, L., Laitinen, S., Stirkkinen, R., Kimppa, S., Viikari, J., Uhari, M., Pesonen, E., Akerblom, H.K., Composition of the diet of young Finns in 1986 (1991) Anti Med, 23, pp. 73-80; Rasanen, L., Ylonen, K., Food consumption and nutrient intake of one-to-two-year old Finnish children (1992) Acta Paediatr, 81, pp. 7-11; Ravelli, G.P., Belmont, L., Obesity in nineteen-year-old men: Family size and birth order associations (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 66-70; Reilly, J.J., Savage, S.-A.H., Ruxton, C.H.S., Kirk, T.R., Assessment of obesity in a community sample of pre-pubertal children (2000) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, , in press; Riddoch, C., (1990), Report of the Northern Ireland Health and Fitness Survey. Department of Physical and Health Education, The Queens University of Belfast, Belfast; Rigaud, D., Giachetti, I., Deheeger, M., Borys, J.M., Volatier, J.L., Lemoine, A., Cassuto, D.-A., Enquete francaise de consommation alimentaire. I. Energie et macronutriments (1997) Cah Nutr Diet, 32, pp. 379-389; Roede, M.J., The secular trend in the Netherlands. The Third Nation Wide Growth Study (1990) Arztl Jugendkd, 81, pp. 330-336; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Pequignot-Guggenbuhl, F., Fautrad, V., Adiposity indices in children (1982) Am J Clin Nuti, 36, pp. 178-184; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Adiposity rebound in children: A simple indicator for predicting obesity (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 39, pp. 129-135; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Bellisle, F., No correlation between adiposity and food intake: Why are working class children fatter? (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 779-787; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Avons, P., Patois, E., Sempe, M., Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 219-229; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Pequignot, F., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Vinit, F., Adiposity and food intake in young children: The environmental challenge to individual susceptibility (1988) BMJ, 296, pp. 1037-1038; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., The prediction in boys and girls of the weight/height2 index and various skinfold measurements in adults: A two-decade follow-up study (1989) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 13, pp. 305-311; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Cole, T.J., Sempe, M., Tichet, J., Rossignol, C., Charraud, A., Body mass index variations: Centiles from birth to 87 years (1991) Eur J Clin Nutr, 45, pp. 13-21; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: A follow-up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 years of age (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 573-578; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study of health and growth: Social and family factors and obesity in primary schoolchildren (1982) Ann Hum Biol, 9, pp. 131-145; Salas, J., Galan, P., Arija, V., Marti-Henneberg, C., Hercberg, S., Iron status and food intakes in a representative sample of children and adolescents living in a Mediterranean city of Spain (1990) Nutr Res, 10, pp. 379-390; Samuelson, G., An epidemiological study of child health and nutrition in a northern Swedish county 1. Food consumption survey (1971) Acta Paediatr Scand, 214 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-44; Samuelson, G., Bratteby, L.-E., Enghardt, H., Hedgren, M., Food habits and energy and nutrient intake in Swedish adolescents approaching the year 2000 (1996) Acta Paediatr, 415 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-20; Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 681-687; Saris, W.H.M., Noordeloos, A.M., Cramwinckel, A.B., (1982), Aerobic power and daily physical activity in children (dissertation). Catholic University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Sempe, M., Pedron, G., Roy-Pernot, M.P., (1979), Auxologie, Methodes et Sequences. Theraplix, Paris; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Shukla, A., Forsyth, H.A., Anderson, C.M., Marwah, S.M., Infantile overnutrition in the first year of life: A field study in Dudley, Worcestershire (1972) BMJ, 4, pp. 507-515; Smith, G.D., Increasing inequalities in the health of the nation (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1453-1454; Sobal, J., Stunkard, A.J., Socioeconomic status and Obesity: A review of the literature (1989) Psychol Bull, 105, pp. 260-275; Sorensen, T.I.A., Thomsen, B.L., Ekstrom, C., Distributional analysis of trends in prevalence of Obesity and body mass index among 161,314 Danish boys born 1930 through 1975 (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S4; (1987), Sports Council for Wales. Heartbeat report no 23. Exercise for health - health-related fitness in Wales. Welsh Heart Programme Directorate, Cardiff, Wales; De Spiegelaere, M., Dramaix, M., Hennart, P., The influence of socioeconomic status on the incidence and evolution of obesity during early adolescence (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 22, pp. 268-274; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W.B., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) BMJ, 283, pp. 13-17; Stolley, H., Kersting, M., Droese, W., Energie - Und Nahrstoffbedarf von Kindern im Alter von 1-14 Jahren (1982) Ergeb Inn Med Kinderheilkd, 48, pp. 1-75; Strain, J.J., Robson, P.J., Livingstone, M.B.E., Primrose, E.D., Savage, J.M., Cran, G.W., Boreham, C.A.G., Estimates of food and macronutrient intake in a random sample of Northern Ireland adolescents (1994) Br J Nutr, 72, pp. 343-352; Stunkard, A.J., Sorensen, T.I.A., Hanis, C., Teasdale, T.W., Chakraborty, R., Schull, W.J., Schulsinger, F., An adoption study of human obesity (1986) N Eng J Med, 314, pp. 193-198; Summerbell, C.D., Moody, R.C., Shanks, J., Stock, M.J., Geissler, C., Sources of energy from meals versus snacks in 220 people in four age groups (1995) Eur J Clin Nutr, 49, pp. 33-41; Sunnegardh, J., Bratteby, L.E., Hagman, U., Samuelson, G., Sjolin, S., Physical activity in relation to energy intake and body fat in 8- and 13-year-old children in Sweden (1986) Acta Paediatr Scand, 75, pp. 955-963; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and demographics (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (SUPPL.), pp. 497-504; Tucker, L.A., Kano, M.J., Dietary fat and body fat: A multivariate study of 205 adult females (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 616-622; Vanreusel, B., Renson, R., Beunen, G., Claessens, A.L., Lefevre, J., Lysens, R., Vanden Eynde, B., A longitudinal study of youth sport participation and adherence to sport in adulthood (1997) Int Rev Sociol Sport, 32, pp. 373-387; Vercauteren, M., Susanne, C., The secular trend in height and menarche in Belgium: Are there any signs of a future stop? (1985) Eur J Pediatr, 144, pp. 306-309; Verschuur, R., Kemper, H.C.G., Besseling, C.W.M., Habitual physical activity and health in 13- and 14-year old teenagers (1984), pp. 255-261. , Ilmarinen J, Valimaki I (eds) Children and sport. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; Vignerova, J., Lhotska, L., Blaha, P., Roth, Z., Growth of the Czech child population 0-18 years compared to the World Health Organisation Growth Reference (1997) Am J Hum Biol, 9, pp. 459-468; Vuille, J.C., Mellbin, T., Obesity in the 10-year-olds: An epidemiologic study (1979) Pediatrics, 64, pp. 564-572; Van Wieringen, J.C., Secular growth changes (1986), 3, pp. 307-331. , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds) Human growth: A comprehensive treatise, 2nd edn. Plenum, New York; Wenstrate, J.A., Van Klaveren, S., Deurenberg, P., Changes in skinfold thicknesses and body mass index in 171 children, initially 1 to 5 years of age: A 5 1/2 -year follow-up study (1986) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 10, pp. 313-321; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Eng J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; White, E.M., Wilson, A.C., Greene, S.A., McCowan, C., Thomas, G.E., Cairns, A.Y., Ricketts, I.W., Body mass index centile charts to assess fatness of British children (1995) Arch Dis Child, 72, pp. 38-41; Whitelaw, A.G.L., The association of social class and sibling number with skinfold thickness in London schoolboys (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 414-420; Wilhelm, O., Csombok, E., Incidence of obesity among school-children in Szekesfehervaron, Hungary (1983) Nepegeszsegugy, 64, pp. 375-378. , in Hungarian; Wilhelm, O., Csombok, E., Incidence of obesity in small children in Szekesfehervar, Hungary (1984) Nepegeszsegugy, 65, pp. 161-163. , in Hungarian; Yang, X., Telema, R., Laakso, L., Parent's physical activity, socio-economic status and education as predictors of physical activity and sport among children and youths: A 12-year follow-up study (1996) Int Rev Sociol Sport, 31, pp. 273-294; Ylonen, K., Virtanen, S.M., Ala-Venna, E., Raisanen, L., Composition of the diet in relation to fat intake in children aged 1-7 years (1996) J Hum Nutr Diet, 9, pp. 207-218; Zoppi, G., Bressan, F., Obesity in paediatrics: Analysis of some definitions and determination of their limits on Italian standards (1990) Riv Ital Pediatr, 16, pp. 139-143 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033888023&partnerID=40&md5=2584b3addc284ee8394c10b57cf916ff ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal recall of pregnancy history: Accuracy and bias in schizophrenia research T2 - Schizophrenia Bulletin J2 - Schizophr. Bull. VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 335 EP - 350 PY - 2000 SN - 05867614 (ISSN) AU - Buka, S.L. AU - Goldstein, J.M. AU - Seidman, L.J. AU - Tsuang, M.T. AD - Harvard School of Public Health, Dept. of Maternal and Child Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States AD - Depts. Matern. Child Hlth. E., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States AD - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States AD - Harvard Inst. Psychiat. E., Boston, MA, United States AB - Most investigations that report a positive association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia have been case-control studies that are often based on long-term maternal recall of events during pregnancy. We tested the hypothesis that mothers of adult offspring with schizophrenia or other psychoses systematically overreport obstetric complications compared with mothers of unaffected offspring. Subjects were selected from the New England cohorts of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, a large prospective cohort with well-documented records of pregnancy and delivery. Mothers of 39 offspring with psychosis and 39 control offspring were recontacted and completed a structured interview regarding their pregnancy history. Accuracy of maternal recall varied greatly in relation to the type of pregnancy event, and recall was inaccurate for many specific events. For the control sample only, maternal recall of the total number of complications corresponded closely to chart information. Contrary to the study hypothesis, mothers of offspring with psychosis report fewer complications than indicated in their obstetric records, with no evidence of positive recall bias. These results suggest that previous reports of a positive association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia are not likely to have resulted from biased maternal recall. KW - Maternal recall KW - Obstetric complications KW - Schizophrenia KW - accuracy KW - adult KW - article KW - disease association KW - female KW - human KW - mother KW - normal human KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - recall KW - research KW - schizophrenia KW - Adult KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Birth Injuries KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Maternal Welfare KW - Mental Recall KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Risk Assessment KW - Schizophrenia N1 - Cited By :53 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SCZBB C2 - 10885635 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Buka, S.L.; Harvard School of Public Health, Dept. of Maternal and Child Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States N1 - References: (1994) DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Ed., , Washington, DC: APA; Buka, S.L., Fan, A.P., Association of prenatal and perinatal complications with subsequent bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (1999) Schizophrenia Research, 30, pp. 113-119; Buka, S.L., Goldstein, J.M., Seidman, L.J., Zornberg, G.L., Donatelli, J.A., Denny, L.R., Tsuang, M.T., Prenatal complications, genetic vulnerability and schizophrenia: The New England longitudinal studies of schizophrenia (1999) Psychiatric Annals, 29, pp. 151-156; Buka, S.L., Goldstein, J.M., Tsuang, M.T., The measurement of fetal events in schizophrenia research (1989) American Psychiatric Association Symposium on Fetal Brain Development in Schizophrenia, , San Francisco, CA, May; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Buka, S.L., Yolken, R.H., Torrey, E.F., Klebanoff, M.A., Tsuang, M.T., Viruses, fetal hypoxia and subsequent schizophrenia: A direct test of infectious agents using prenatal sera (1999) International Congress on Schizophrenia Research, , Santa Fe, NM, April; Cantor-Graae, E., Cardenal, S., Ismail, B., McNeil, T.F., Recall of obstetric events by mothers of schizophrenic patients (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 1239-1243; Dalman, C., Allebeck, P., Cullberg, J., Grunewald, C., Koster, M., Obstetric complications and the risk of schizophrenia (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 234-240; Delgado-Rodriguez, M., Gomez-Olmedo, M., Bueno-Cavanillas, A., Garcia-Martin, M., Galvez-Vargas, R., Recall bias in a case-control study of low birth weight (1995) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 48, pp. 1133-1140; DeLisi, L.E., (1987) Pregnancy Questionnaire, , Unpublished manuscript; Docherty, N.M., Linguistic reference performance in parents of schizophrenic patients (1995) Psychiatry, 58, pp. 20-27; Done, D.J., Johnstone, B.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 1576-1580; First, M.B., Spitzer, R.L., Gibbon, M., Williams, J.B.W., (1996) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-patient Edition (SCID-I/P). Version 2.0, , Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; Gayle, H.E., Yip, R., Frank, M.J., Nieberg, P., Binken, N.J., Validation of maternally reported birth weights among 46,637 Tennessee WIC program participants (1988) Public Health Reports, 103, pp. 143-146; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) British Journal of Psychiatry, 67, pp. 786-793; Goldstein, J.M., Seidman, L.J., Buka, S.L., Horton, N.J., Donatelli, J.A.L., Rieder, R.O., Tsuang, M.T., Impact of genetic vulnerability and hypoxia on overall intelligence by age 7 in offspring at high risk for schizophrenia compared with affective psychoses (2000) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26 (2), pp. 323-334; Harris, J.G., Adler, L.E., Young, D.A., Cullum, C.M., Rilling, L.M., Cicerello, A., Intemmann, P.M., Freedman, R., Neuropsychological dysfunction in parents of schizophrenics (1996) Schizophrenia Research, 20, pp. 253-260; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 55, pp. 355-364; Kremen, W.S., Seidman, L.J., Pepple, J.R., Lyons, M.Y., Tsuang, M.T., Faraone, S.V., Neuropsychological risk indicators for schizophrenia: A review of family studies (1994) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20 (1), pp. 96-108; Lenzenweger, M.F., Psychometric high-risk paradigm, perceptual aberrations, and schizotypy: An update (1994) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20 (1), pp. 121-136; MacKenzie, S.G., Lippman, A., An investigation of report bias in a case-control study of pregnancy outcome (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, pp. 65-75; McNeil, T.F., Perinatal risk factors and schizophrenia: Selected reviews and methodological concerns (1995) Epidemiologic Reviews, 17, pp. 107-112; Niswander, K.R., Gordon, M., (1972) The Women and Their Pregnancies: The Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, , (DHEW Publication No [NIH] 73-379) Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; O'Callaghan, E., Larkin, C., Waddington, J., Obstetric complications in schizophrenia and the validity of maternal recall (1990) Psychological Medicine, 20, pp. 89-94; Olson, J.E., Shu, X.O., Ross, J.A., Pendergrass, T., Robinson, L.L., Medical record validation of maternally reported birth characteristics and pregnancy-related events: A report from the children's cancer group (1997) American Journal of Epidemiology, 145, pp. 58-67; Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Teasdale, T.W., Schulsinger, H., Feldman, P.M., Mednick, S.A., Perinatal complications and clinical outcome within the schizophrenia spectrum (1982) British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, pp. 416-420; Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., White, E., Daling, J.R., Holt, V.L., Malone, K.E., Self, S.G., Moore, D.E., Validity and reliability of subject and mother reporting of perinatal factors (1998) American Journal of Epidemiology, 147, pp. 136-140; Seidman, L.J., Buka, S.L., Goldstein, J.M., Horton, N.J., Rieder, R.O., Tsuang, M.T., The relationship of prenatal and perinatal complications to cognitive functioning at age 7 in the New England cohorts of the national collaborative perinatal project (2000) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26 (2), pp. 309-321; Siegel, S., (1956) Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, , New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company; Susser, E., Life course cohort studies of schizophrenia (1999) Psychiatric Annals, 29, pp. 161-165; Welner, Z., Reich, W., Herjanic, B., Jung, K.G., Amado, H., Reliability, validity, and parent-child agreement studies of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA) (1987) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, pp. 649-653; Wenar, C., The reliability of developmental histories (1963) Psychosomatic Medicine, 25, pp. 505-509; Yawn, B.P., Suman, V.J., Jacobsen, S.J., Maternal recall of distant pregnancy events (1998) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51, pp. 399-405 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033920658&partnerID=40&md5=d49e4fbdee6438ec46d3c72d1f98ac50 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal prepregnant body mass and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring T2 - Schizophrenia Bulletin J2 - Schizophr. Bull. VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 275 EP - 286 PY - 2000 SN - 05867614 (ISSN) AU - Schaefer, C.A. AU - Brown, A.S. AU - Wyatt, R.J. AU - Kline, J. AU - Begg, M.D. AU - Bresnahan, M.A. AU - Susser, E.S. AD - Kaiser Permanente Div. of Research, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States AD - Kaiser Permanente Research Division, Oakland, CA, United States AD - Department of Clinical Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AB - This study examined the relation between maternal prepregnant body mass index (BMI) and development of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adult offspring from the Prenatal Determinants of Schizophrenia Study. The study drew on a previously studied cohort of births occurring between 1959 and 1967 to women enrolled in a prepaid health plan. Computerized treatment registries were used to identify possible cases of schizophrenia and spectrum disorders in adult offspring belonging to the health plan from 1981 to 1997. Diagnostic interviews and medical record reviews resulted in diagnosis of 63 cases of schizophrenia and spectrum disorders; these cases and 6,570 unrelated and unaffected cohort members whose mothers also had prepregnancy measures of BMI comprised the sample for analyses. High (≥ 30.0), compared with average (20.0-26.9), maternal prepregnant BMI (kg/m2) was significantly associated with schizophrenia and spectrum disorders in the adult offspring (relative risk [RR] = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.6), independently of maternal age, parity, race, education, or cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Low (≤ 19.9) maternal BMI was not associated with schizophrenia and spectrum disorders (RR = 1.2; 95% CI 0.64-2.2). Future studies of this cohort will examine factors that may help explain the relationship of high maternal prepregnant BMI with schizophrenia, including nutritional and metabolic factors, toxic exposures, and obstetrical complications. KW - Birth cohort KW - Maternal body mass index KW - Prenatal risk factors KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - maternal nutrition KW - prenatal period KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Maternal Welfare KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Assessment KW - Schizophrenia N1 - Cited By :63 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SCZBB C2 - 10885630 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schaefer, C.A.; Kaiser Permanente Div. of Research, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States; email: CAS@dor.kaiser.org N1 - References: Abrams, B., Carmichael, S., Selvin, S., Factors associated with the pattern of maternal weight gain during pregnancy (1995) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 86, pp. 170-176; Arinami, T., Yamada, N., Yamakawa-Kobayashi, K., Hamaguchi, H., Toru, M., Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variant and schizophrenia/depression (1997) American Journal of Medical Genetics, 74, pp. 526-528; Becerra, J.E., Khoury, M.J., Cordero, J.F., Erickson, J.D., Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: A population-based case-control study (1990) Pediatrics, 85, pp. 1-9; Bianco, A.T., Smilen, S.W., Davis, Y., Lopez, S., Lapinski, R., Lockwood, C.J., Pregnancy outcome and weight gain recommendations for the morbidly obese woman (1998) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 91, pp. 97-102; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research: II. The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, , Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Brown, A.S., Schaefer, C.A., Wyatt, R.J., Goetz, R., Begg, M.D., Gorman, J.M., Susser, E.S., Maternal exposure to respiratory infections and adult schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A prospective birth cohort study (2000) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26 (2), pp. 287-295; Brown, A.S., Susser, E.S., Butler, P.D., Richardson Andrews, R., Kaufmann, C.A., Gorman, J.M., Neurobiological plausibility of prenatal nutritional deprivation as a risk factor for schizophrenia (1996) Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 184, pp. 71-85; Cantor-Graae, E., McNeil, T.F., Sjostrom, K., Nordstrom, L.G., Rosenlund, T., Obstetric complications and their relationship to other etiological risk factors in schizophrenia: A case-control study (1994) Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 182, pp. 645-650; Cantor-Graae, E., McNeil, T.F., Sjostrom, K., Nordstrom, L.G., Rosenlund, T., Maternal demographic correlates of increased history of obstetric complications in schizophrenia (1997) Journal of Psychiatry Research, 31, pp. 347-357; Casson, I.F., Clarke, C.A., Howard, C.V., McKendrick, O., Pennycook, S., Pharoah, P.O., Platt, M.J., Walkinshaw, S., Outcomes of pregnancy in insulin dependent diabetic women: Results of a five year population cohort study (1997) British Medical Journal, 315, pp. 275-278; Catalano, P.M., Huston, L., Amini, S.B., Kalhan, S.C., Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy in obese women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus (1999) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 180, pp. 903-916; Cnattingius, S., Bergstrom, R., Lipworth, L., Kramer, M.S., Prepregnancy weight and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (1998) New England Journal of Medicine, 338, pp. 147-152; Copp, A.J., Prevention of neural tube defects: Vitamins, enzymes and genes (1998) Current Opinions in Neurology, 11, pp. 97-102; Crane, S.S., Wojtowycz, M.A., Dye, T.D., Aubry, R.H., Artal, R., Association between prepregnancy obesity and the risk of cesarean delivery (1997) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 89, pp. 213-216; Crawford, M.A., Doyle, W., Leaf, A., Leighfield, M., Ghebremeskel, K., Phylactos, A., Nutrition and neurodevelopmental disorders (1993) Nutrition and Health, 9, pp. 81-97; Dalman, C., Allebeck, P., Cullberg, J., Grunewald, C., Koster, M., Obstetric complications and the risk of schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of a national birth cohort (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 234-240; De Groot, L.C., High maternal body weight and pregnancy outcome (1999) Nutrition Review, 57, pp. 62-64; De Vries, J.I., Dekker, G.A., Huijgens, P.C., Jakobs, C., Blomberg, B.M., Van Geijn, H.P., Hyperhomocysteinaemia and protein s deficiency in complicated pregnancies (1997) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 104, pp. 1248-1254; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the british perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Edwards, L.E., Hellerstedt, W.L., Alton, I.R., Story, M., Himes, J.H., Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women: Effects of gestational weight change (1996) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 87, pp. 389-394; Elliott, G.R., Sutherland, K., Erdelyl, E., Ciaranello, R.D., Barchas, J.D., Wyatt, R.J., N5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity in autopsied brain parts of chronic schizophrenics and controls and in vitro tryptoline formation (1978) Biological Psychiatry, 13, pp. 695-708; Eriksson, U.J., The pathogenesis of congenital malformations in diabetic pregnancy (1995) Diabetes and Metabolism Review, 11, pp. 63-82; Flegal, K.M., Troiano, R.P., Pamuk, E.R., Kuczmarski, R.J., Campbell, S.M., The influence of smoking cessation on the prevalence of overweight in the United States (1995) New England Journal of Medicine, 333, pp. 1165-1170; Girling, J., De Swiet, M., Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy (1998) Current Opinions in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10, pp. 135-144; Gottesman, I.I., (1991) Schizophrenia Genesis: The Origins of Madness, , New York, NY: W.H. Freeman; Hoek, H.W., Susser, E., Buck, K.A., Lumey, L.H., Lin, S.P., Gorman, J.M., Schizoid personality disorder after prenatal exposure to famine (1996) American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, pp. 1637-1639; Hultman, C.M., Ohman, A., Cnattingius, S., Wieselgren, I.M., Lindstrom, L.H., Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia (1997) British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, pp. 128-133; Hultman, C.M., Sparen, P., Takei, N., Murray, R.M., Cnattingius, S., Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and reactive psychosis of early onset: Case-control study (1999) British Medical Journal, 318, pp. 421-426; (1990) Nutrition During Pregnancy, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Janssen, P.A., Rothman, I., Schwartz, S.M., Congenital malformations in newborns of women with established and gestational diabetes in Washington State, 1984-91 (1996) Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 10, pp. 52-63; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 north Finland general population birth cohort (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Kallen, K., Maternal smoking, body mass index, and neural tube defects (1998) American Journal of Epidemiology, 147, pp. 1103-1111; Keen, C.L., Bendich, A., Willhite, C.C., Maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcome (1993) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 678, pp. 1-372; Kendell, R.E., Juszczak, E., Cole, S.K., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case control study based on standardized obstetric records (1996) British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, pp. 556-561; King, H., Epidemiology of glucose intolerance and gestational diabetes in women of childbearing age (1998) Diabetes Care, 21 (SUPPL. 2), pp. B9-B13; Kuczmarski, R.J., Prevalence of overweight and weight gain in the United States (1992) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55, pp. 495S-502S; Kuczmarski, R.J., Carroll, M.D., Flegal, K.M., Troiano, R.P., Varying body mass index cutoff points to describe overweight prevalence among U.S. Adults: NHANES III (1988 to 1994) (1997) Obesity Research, 5, pp. 542-548; Kunugi, H., Fukuda, R., Hattori, M., Kato, T., Tatsumi, M., Sakai, T., Hirose, T., Nanko, S., C677T polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and psychoses (1998) Molecular Psychiatry, 3, pp. 435-437; Kunugi, H., Nanko, S., Takei, N., Saito, K., Murray, R.M., Hirose, T., Perinatal complications and schizophrenia: Data from the maternal and child health handbook in Japan (1996) Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 184, pp. 542-546; Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T.J., Bamford, M.F., Boon, A., Crowle, P., Dossetor, J.F., Pearse, R., Maternal fatness and viability of preterm infants (1988) British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition), 296, pp. 1495-1497; Lyon, M., Animal models of mania and schizophrenia (1990) Behavioral Models in Psychopharmacology: Theoretical, Industrial and Clinical Perspectives, pp. 253-310. , Willner, P., ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press; Morgane, P.J., Austin-LaFrance, R., Bronzino, J., Tonkiss, J., Diazcintra, S., Cintra, L., Kemper, T., Galler, J.R., Prenatal malnutrition and development of the brain (1993) Neurosciences and Biobehavioral Review, 17, pp. 91-128; Mortensen, P.B., Pedersen, C.B., Westergaard, T., Wohlfahrt, J., Ewald, H., Mors, O., Andersen, P.K., Melbye, M., Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia (1999) New England Journal of Medicine, 340, pp. 603-608; Neggers, Y., Goldenberg, R.L., Cliver, S.P., Hoffman, H.J., Cutter, G.R., The relationship between maternal and neonatal anthropometric measurements in term newborns (1995) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 85, pp. 192-196; Nurnberger, J., Blehar, M.C., Kaufmann, C., Cooler, C.Y., Simpson, S., Harkavy-Friedman, J., Severe, J.B., Reich, T., Diagnostic interview for genetic studies: Rationale, development, training and reliability (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 849-859; O'Callaghan, E., Gibson, T., Colohan, H.A., Buckley, P., Walshe, D.G., Larkin, C., Waddington, J.L., Risk of schizophrenia in adults born after obstetric complications and their association with early onset of illness: A controlled study (1992) British Medical Journal, 305, pp. 1256-1259; Ogunyemi, D., Hullett, S., Leeper, J., Risk, A., Prepregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, and perinatal outcome in a rural black population (1998) Journal of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, 7, pp. 190-193; Owen, E.P., Human, L., Carolissen, A.A., Harley, E.H., Odendaal, H.J., Hyperhomocysteinemia - A risk factor for abruptio placentae (1997) Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 20, pp. 359-362; Persson, B., Gentz, J., Follow-up of children of insulindependent and gestational diabetic mothers. Neuropsychological outcome (1984) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 73, pp. 349-358; Rajkovic, A., Catalano, P.M., Malinow, M.R., Elevated homocyst(e)ine levels with preeclampsia (1997) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 90, pp. 168-171; Ramos-Arroyo, M.A., Rodriguez-Pinilla, E., Cordero, J.F., Maternal diabetes: The risk for specific birth defects (1992) European Journal of Epidemiology, 8, pp. 503-508; Rizzo, T.A., Dooley, S.L., Metzger, B.E., Cho, N.H., Ogata, E.S., Silverman, B.L., Prenatal and perinatal influences on long-term psychomotor development in offspring of diabetic mothers (1995) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 173, pp. 1753-1758; Rizzo, T., Metzger, B.E., Burns, W.J., Burns, K., Correlations between antepartum maternal metabolism and child intelligence (1991) New England Journal of Medicine, 325, pp. 911-916; Ros, H.S., Cnattingius, S., Lipworth, L., Comparison of risk factors for preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in a population-based cohort study (1998) American Journal of Epidemiology, 147, pp. 1062-1070; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Obstetric complications (1995) British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Schaefer, U.M., Songster, G., Xiang, A., Berkowitz, K., Buchanan, T.A., Kjos, S.L., Congenital malformations in offspring of women with hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy (1997) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 177, pp. 1165-1171; Shaw, G.M., Schaffer, D., Velie, E.M., Morland, K., Harris, J.A., Periconceptional vitamin use, dietary folate, and the occurrence of neural tube defects (1995) Epidemiology, 6, pp. 219-226; Shaw, G.M., Todoroff, K., Schaffer, D., Selvin, S., Maternal height and prepregnancy weight as risk factors for selected congenital anomalies (1999) American Journal of Epidemiology, 149, pp. S67; Shaw, G.M., Velie, E.M., Schaffer, D., Risk of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies among obese women (1996) Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, pp. 1093-1096; Shepard, M.J., Saftlas, A.F., Leo-Summers, L., Bracken, M.B., Maternal anthropometric factors and risk of primary cesarean delivery (1998) American Journal of Public Health, 88, pp. 1534-1538; Shields, D.C., Kirke, P.N., Mills, J.L., Ramsbottom, D., Molloy, A.M., Burke, H., Weir, D.G., Whitehead, A.S., The "thermolabile" variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and neural tube defects: An evaluation of genetic risk and the relative importance of the genotypes of the embryo and the mother (1999) American Journal of Human Genetics, 64, pp. 1045-1055; Silverman, B.L., Rizzo, T., Green, O.C., Cho, N.H., Winter, R.J., Ogata, E.S., Richards, G.E., Metzger, B.E., Long-term prospective evaluation of offspring of diabetic mothers (1991) Diabetes, 40 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 121-125; Susser, E., Brown, A.S., Gorman, J.M., (1999) Prenatal Exposures in Schizophrenia, , Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press; Susser, E., Brown, A.S., Klonowski, E., Allen, R.H., Lindenbaum, J., Schizophrenia and impaired homocysteine metabolism: A possible association (1998) Biological Psychiatry, 44, pp. 141-143; Susser, E., Neugebauer, R., Hoek, H.W., Brown, A.S., Lin, S., Labovitz, D., Gorman, J.M., Schizophrenia after prenatal famine: Further evidence (1996) Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, pp. 25-31; Susser, E.S., Lin, S.P., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945 (1992) Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, pp. 983-988; Susser, E.S., Schaefer, C.A., Brown, A.S., Begg, M.D., Wyatt, R.J., The design of the prenatal determinants of schizophrenia study (2000) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26 (2), pp. 257-273; Tomoda, S., Tamura, T., Sudo, Y., Ogita, S., Effects of obesity on pregnant women: Maternal hemodynamic change (1996) American Journal of Perinatology, 13, pp. 73-78; Tonkiss, J., Galler, J., Morgane, P.J., Bronzino, J.D., Austin-LaFrance, R.J., Prenatal protein malnutrition and postnatal brain function (1993) Maternal Nutrition and Pregnancy Outcome, pp. 215-227. , Keen, C.L.; Bendich, A.; and Willhite, C.C., eds. New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences; Towner, D., Kjos, S.L., Leung, B., Montoro, M.M., Xiang, A., Mestman, J.H., Buchanan, T.A., Congenital malformations in pregnancies complicated by NIDDM (1995) Diabetes Care, 18, pp. 446-1451; Van Den Berg, B.J., Christianson, R.E., Oeschsli, F.W., The California child health and development studies of the school of public health, University of California, Berkeley (1988) Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2, pp. 265-282; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Heun, R., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: An international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data (1997) American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Wagner, C.L., Katikaneni, L.D., Cox, T.H., Ryan, R.M., The impact of prenatal drug exposure on the neonate (1998) Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 25, pp. 169-194; Waller, D.K., Mills, J.L., Simpson, J.L., Cunningham, G.C., Conley, M.R., Lassman, M.R., Rhoads, G.G., Are obese women at higher risk for producing malformed offspring? (1994) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 170, pp. 541-548; Watkins, M.L., Scanlon, K.S., Mulinare, J., Khoury, M.J., Is maternal obesity a risk factor for anencephaly and spina bifida? (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 507-512; Wellens, R.I., Roche, A.F., Khamis, H.J., Jackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L., Siervogel, R.M., Relationships between the body mass index and body composition (1996) Obesity Research, 4, pp. 35-44; Werler, M.M., Louik, C., Shapiro, S., Mitchell, A.A., Prepregnant weight in relation to risk of neural tube defects (1996) Journal of the American Medical Association, 275, pp. 1089-1092; Williamson, D.F., Descriptive epidemiology of body weight and weight change in U.S. Adults (1993) Annals of Internal Medicine, 119, pp. 646-649; Williamson, D.F., Madans, J., Pamuk, E., Flegal, K.M., Kendrick, J.S., Serdula, M.K., A prospective study of childbearing and 10-year weight gain in U.S. White women 25 to 45 years of age (1994) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 18, pp. 561-569; Wolfe, W.S., Sobal, J., Olson, C.M., Frongillo E.A., Jr., Williamson, D.F., Parity-associated weight gain and its modification by sociodemographic and behavioral factors: A prospective analysis in U.S. Women (1997) International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 21, pp. 802-810; Yamashita, Y., Kawano, Y., Kuriya, N., Murakami, Y., Matsuishi, T., Yoshimatsu, K., Kato, H., Intellectual development of offspring of diabetic mothers (1996) Acta Paediatrica, 85, pp. 1192-1196 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033922336&partnerID=40&md5=400cd4877d1363d979c3cdfa3139c39a ER - TY - JOUR TI - A prospective cohort study of genetic and perinatal influences in the etiology of schizophrenia T2 - Schizophrenia Bulletin J2 - Schizophr. Bull. VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 351 EP - 366 PY - 2000 SN - 05867614 (ISSN) AU - Cannon, T.D. AU - Rosso, I.M. AU - Hollister, J.M. AU - Bearden, C.E. AU - Sanchez, L.E. AU - Hadley, T. AD - Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Dept. of Psychology, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States AD - Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States AD - Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands AD - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Dept. of Psychology in Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Ctr. for Mental Hlth. Plcy. Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AB - In this study, we examined whether fetal hypoxia and other obstetric complications (OCs) are related to risk for adult schizophrenia; whether such effects are specific to cases with an early age at onset; and whether the obstetric influences depend on, covary with, or are independent of familial risk. Subjects were 72 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder; 63 of their siblings not diagnosed with schizophrenia; and 7,941 nonpsychiatric controls, whose gestations and births were monitored prospectively with standard research protocols as part of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. Adult psychiatric morbidity was ascertained via a longitudinal treatment data base indexing regional public health service utilization, and diagnoses were made by review of all pertinent medical records according to DSM-IV criteria. We found that the odds of schizophrenia increased linearly with increasing number of hypoxia-associated OCs and that this effect was specific to cases with an early age at onset/first treatment contact. There were no relationships between schizophrenia and birth weight or other (prenatal/nonhypoxic) OCs. Siblings of patients with schizophrenia were no more likely to have suffered hypoxia- associated OCs than were nonpsychiatric cohort controls. Because the majority of individuals exposed to fetal hypoxia did not develop schizophrenia, such factors likely are incapable of causing schizophrenia on their own. Together, these findings suggest that hypoxia acts additively or interactively with genetic factors in influencing liability to schizophrenia. We propose a model in which the neurotoxic effects of fetal hypoxia may lead to an earlier onset of psychosis because of premature pruning of cortical synapses. KW - Age at onset KW - Fetal hypoxia KW - Obstetric complications KW - Schizophrenia KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - female KW - fetus hypoxia KW - genetics KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - neurotoxicity KW - onset age KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizoidism KW - schizophrenia KW - Adult KW - Age of Onset KW - Birth Injuries KW - Birth Weight KW - Cerebral Cortex KW - Female KW - Fetal Hypoxia KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Schizophrenia N1 - Cited By :154 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SCZBB C2 - 10885636 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cannon, T.D.; University of California, Dept. of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States; email: cannon@psych.ucla.edu N1 - References: Adamson, S.J., Alessandri, L.M., Badawi, N., Burton, P.R., Pemberton, P.J., Stanley, F., Predictors of neonatal encephalopathy in full-term infants (1995) British Medical Journal, 311, pp. 598-602; Akbarian, S., Vinuela, A., Kim, J.J., Potkin, S.G., Bunney W.E., Jr., Jones, E.G., Distorted distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase neurons in temporal lobe of schizophrenics implies anomalous cortical development (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 178-187; (1994) DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Ed., , Washington, DC: APA; Arabin, B., Snyjders, R., Mohnhaupt, A., Ragosch, V., Nicolaides, K., Evaluation of the fetal assessment score in pregnancies at risk for intrauterine hypoxia (1993) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 169, pp. 549-554; Arnold, S.E., Hyman, B.T., Van Hoesen, G.W., Damasio, A.R., Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia (1991) Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, pp. 625-632; Bracha, H.S., Torrey, E.F., Gottesman, I.I., Bigelow, L.B., Cunniff, C., Second-trimester markers of fetal size in schizophrenia: A study of monozygotic twins (1992) American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, pp. 1355-1361; Bresnahan, M.A., Brown, A.S., Schaefer, C.A., Begg, M.D., Wyatt, R.J., Susser, E.S., Incidence and cumulative risk of treated schizophrenia in the prenatal determinants of schizophrenia study (2000) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26 (2), pp. 297-308; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Cannon, T.D., Abnormalities of brain structure and function in schizophrenia: Implications for aetiology and pathophysiology (1996) Annals of Medicine, 28, pp. 533-539; Cannon, T.D., On the nature and mechanisms of obstetric influences in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis (1997) International Review of Psychiatry, 9, pp. 387-397; Cannon, T.D., Kaprio, J., Lonnqvist, J., Huttunen, M., Koskenvuo, M., The genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia in a Finnish twin cohort: A population-based modeling study (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 67-74; Cannon, T.D., Marco, E., Structural brain abnormalities as indicators of vulnerability to schizophrenia (1994) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20 (1), pp. 89-102; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Praestholm, J., Vestergaard, A., Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers: I. Contributions of genetic and perinatal factors (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 551-564; Cannon, T.D., Van Erp, T.G., Huttunen, M., Lonnqvist, J., Salonen, O., Valanne, L., Poutanen, V.P., Yan, M., Regional gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid distributions in schizophrenic patients, their siblings, and controls (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 1084-1091; Cannon, T.D., Van Erp, T.G.M., Huttunen, M., Lönnqvist, J., Salonen, O., Valanne, L., Poutanen, V.P., Ständertskjöld-Nordenstam, C.G., Perinatal Hypoxia and Regional Gray Matter, White Matter, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Distributions in Schizophrenic Patients, Their Siblings, and Controls, , In review; Cannon, T.D., Zorrilla, L.E., Shtasel, D., Gur, R.E., Gur, R.C., Marco, E.J., Moberg, P., Price, R.A., Neuropsychological functioning in siblings discordant for schizophrenia and healthy volunteers (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 651-661; Choi, D.W., Rothman, S.M., The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death (1990) Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, pp. 171-182; Csernansky, J.G., Bardgett, M.E., Limbic-cortical neuronal damage and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (1998) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24 (2), pp. 231-248; Dalman, C., Allebeck, P., Cullberg, J., Grunewald, C., Koster, M., Obstetric complications and the risk of schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of a national birth cohort (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 234-240; DeLisi, L.E., Goldin, L.R., Maxwell, M.E., Kazuba, D.M., Gershon, E.S., Clinical features of illness in siblings with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 891-896; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Eagles, J.M., Gibson, I., Bremner, M.H., Clunie, F., Ebmeier, K.P., Smith, N.C., Obstetric complications in DSM-III schizophrenics and their siblings (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 1139-1141; Falkai, P., Bogerts, B., Cell loss in the hippocampus of schizophrenics (1986) European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 236, pp. 154-161; Feinberg, I., Schizophrenia: Caused by a fault in programmed synaptic elimination during adolescence? (1982) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, pp. 319-334; Fischer, M., Genetic and environmental factors in schizophrenia: A study of schizophrenic twins and their families (1973) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum, 238, pp. 9-142; Fish, B., Marcus, J., Hans, S.L., Auerbach, J.G., Perdue, S., Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Sequelae of a genetic neurointegrative defect: A review and replication analysis of pandysmaturation in the Jerusalem infant development study (1992) Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, pp. 221-235; Foerster, A., Lewis, S.W., Owen, M.J., Murray, R.M., Low birth weight and a family history of schizophrenia predict poor premorbid functioning in psychosis (1991) Schizophrenia Research, 5, pp. 13-20; Garey, L.J., Ong, W.Y., Patel, T.S., Kanani, M., Davis, A., Hornstein, C., Bauer, M., Reduction in dendritic spine number on cortical pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia (1995) Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 21, p. 237; Glantz, L.A., Lewis, D.A., Assessment of spine density on layer III pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects (1995) Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 21, p. 239; Glantz, L.A., Lewis, D.A., Reduction of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: Regional and diagnostic specificity (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, pp. 943-952; Gottesman, I.I., Bertelsen, A., Confirming unexpressed genotypes for schizophrenia: Risks in the offspring of Fischer's danish identical and fraternal discordant twins (1989) Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, pp. 867-872; Grace, A.A., Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: A hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia (1991) Neuroscience, 41, pp. 1-24; Gunther-Genta, F., Bovet, P., Hohlfeld, P., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case-control study (1994) British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, pp. 165-170; Hambrecht, M., Maurer, K., Hafner, H., Evidence for a gender bias in epidemiological studies of schizophrenia (1993) Schizophrenia Research, 8, pp. 223-231; Hanson, D.R., Gottesman, I.I., Heston, L.L., Some possible childhood indicators of adult schizophrenia inferred from children of schizophrenics (1976) British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, pp. 142-154; Heun, R., Maier, W., The role of obstetric complications in schizophrenia (1993) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, pp. 220-226; Hultman, C.M., Ohman, A., Cnattingius, S., Wieselgren, I.M., Lindstrom, L.H., Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia (1997) British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, pp. 128-133; Jacobsen, B., Kinney, D.K., Perinatal complications in adopted and non-adopted schizophrenics and their controls: Preliminary results (1980) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 285, pp. 337-351; Jakob, H., Beckmann, H., Prenatal developmental disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenics (1986) Journal of Neural Transmission, 65, pp. 303-326; Jeste, D.V., Lohr, J.B., Hippocampal pathologic findings in schizophrenia: A morphometric study (1989) Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, pp. 1019-1024; Jonsson, S.A., Luts, A., Guldberg-Kjaer, N., Brun, A., Hippocampal pyramidal cell disarray correlates negatively to cell number: Implications for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1997) European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 247, pp. 120-127; Kendell, R.E., Juszczak, E., Cole, S.K., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case control study based on standardised obstetric records (1996) British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, pp. 556-561; Keshavan, M.S., Anderson, S., Pettegrew, J.W., Is schizophrenia due to excessive synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex? The Feinberg hypothesis revisited (1994) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28, pp. 239-265; Kinney, D.K., Levy, D.L., Yurgelun-Todd, D.A., Medoff, D., LaJonchere, C.M., Radford-Paregol, M., Season of birth and obstetrical complications in schizophrenics (1994) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28, pp. 499-509; Kovelman, J.A., Scheibel, A.B., A neurohistological correlate of schizophrenia (1984) Biological Psychiatry, 19, pp. 1601-1621; Kuchna, I., Quantitative studies of human newborns' hippocampal pyramidal cells after perinatal hypoxia (1994) Folia Neuropathologica, 32, pp. 9-16; Lane, E.A., Albee, G.W., Comparative birth weights of schizophrenics and their siblings (1966) Journal of Psychology, 64, pp. 227-231; Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance, and risk of schizophrenia (1987) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 21, pp. 413-421; Low, J.A., Simpson, L.L., Ramsey, D.A., The clinical diagnosis of asphyxia responsible for brain damage in the human fetus (1992) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 167, pp. 11-15; Low, J.A., Simpson, L.L., Tonni, G., Chamberlain, S., Limitations in the clinical prediction of intrapartum fetal asphyxia (1995) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 172, pp. 801-804; Maier, R.F., Gunther, A., Vogel, M., Dudenhausen, J.W., Obladen, M., Umbilical venous erythropoietin and umbilical arterial ph in relation to morphologic placental abnormalities (1994) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 84, pp. 81-87; Marcus, J., Auerbach, J., Wilkinson, L., Burack, C.M., Infants at risk for schizophrenia: The Jerusalem infant development study (1981) Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, pp. 703-713; Markow, T.A., Gottesman, I.I., Fluctuating dermatoglyphic asymmetry in psychotic twins (1989) Psychiatry Research, 29, pp. 37-43; McCreadie, R.G., Hall, D.J., Berry, I.J., Robertson, L.J., Ewing, J.I., Geals, M.F., The nithsdale schizophrenia surveys: X. Obstetric complications, family history and abnormal movements (1992) British Journal of Psychiatry, 160, pp. 799-805; McNeil, T.F., Obstetric factors and perinatal injuries (1988) Handbook of Schizophrenia: Nosology, Epidemiology and Genetics, pp. 319-343. , Tsuang, M.T., and Simpson, J.C., eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Sjostrom, K., Obstetric complications as antecedents of schizophrenia: Empirical effects of using different obstetric complication scales (1994) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28, pp. 519-530; Mednick, S.A., Cannon, T.D., Barr, C.E., Obstetric events and adult schizophrenia (1991) Fetal Neural Development and Adult Schizophrenia, pp. 115-133. , Mednick, S.A., Cannon, T.D., Barr, C.E., and Lyon, M., eds. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; Mirdal, G.K., Mednick, S.A., Schulsinger, F., Fuchs, F., Perinatal complications in children of schizophrenic mothers (1974) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 50, pp. 553-568; Nelson, M.D., Saykin, A.J., Flashman, L.A., Riordan, H.J., Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: A meta-analytic study (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 433-440; Nimgaonkar, V.L., Wessely, S., Murray, R.M., Prevalence of familiality, obstetric complications, and structural brain damage in schizophrenic patients (1988) British Journal of Psychiatry, 153, pp. 191-197; Niswader, K.R., Gordon, M., (1972) The Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke: The Women and Their Pregnancies, , Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; O'Callaghan, E., Gibson, T., Colohan, H.A., Buckley, P., Walshe, D.G., Larkin, C., Waddington, J.L., Risk of schizophrenia in adults born after obstetric complications and their association with early onset of illness: A controlled study (1992) British Medical Journal, 305, pp. 1256-1259; Olney, J.W., Farber, N.B., Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia (1995) Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, pp. 998-1007; Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Teasdale, T.W., Schulsinger, H., Feldman, P.M., Mednick, S.A., Perinatal complications and clinical outcome within the schizophrenia spectrum (1982) British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, pp. 416-420; Pollack, M., Woerner, M.G., Goodman, W., Greenberg, I.M., Childhood development patterns of hospitalized adult schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients and their siblings (1966) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 36, pp. 510-517; Pollin, W., Stabenau, J.R., Biological, psychological and historical differences in a series of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia (1968) The Transmission of Schizophrenia, pp. 317-332. , Rosenthal, D., and Kety, S.S., eds. London, U.K.: Pergamon Press; Rees, S., Mallard, C., Breen, S., Stringer, M., Cock, M., Harding, R., Fetal brain injury following prolonged hypoxemia and placental insufficiency: A review (1998) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 119, pp. 653-660; Reveley, A.M., Reveley, M.A., Murray, R.M., Cerebral ventricular enlargement in non-genetic schizophrenia: A controlled twin study (1984) British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, pp. 89-93; Rieder, R.O., Broman, S.H., Rosenthal, D., The offspring of schizophrenics: II. Perinatal factors and IQ (1977) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 789-799; Rosso, I.M., Cannon, T.D., Huttunen, T., Huttunen, M.O., Lönnqvist, J., Gasperoni, T.L., Obstetric risk factors for early-onset schizophrenia in a Finnish birth cohort American Journal of Psychiatry, , in press; Rothbard, A.B., Schinnar, A.P., Hadley, T.R., Rovi, J.I., Integration of mental health data on hospital and community services (1990) Administrative Policy in Mental Health, 18, pp. 91-99; Roy, M.A., Flaum, M.A., Gupta, S., Jaramillo, L., Andreasen, N.C., Epidemiological and clinical correlates of familial and sporadic schizophrenia (1994) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, pp. 324-328; Rutt, C.N., Offord, D.R., Prenatal and perinatal complications in childhood schizophrenics and their siblings (1971) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 152, pp. 324-331; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Obstetric complications (1995) British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Salafia, C.M., Minior, V.K., Lopez-Zeno, J.A., Whittington, S.S., Pezzullo, J.C., Vintzileos, A.M., Relationship between placental histologic features and umbilical cord blood gases in preterm gestations (1995) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 173, pp. 1058-1064; Selemon, L.D., Rajkowska, G., Goldman-Rakic, P.S., Abnormally high neuronal density in the schizophrenic cortex: A morphometric analysis of prefrontal area 9 and occipital area 17 (1995) Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, pp. 805-818; Selemon, L.D., Rajkowska, G., Goldman-Rakic, P.S., Elevated neuronal density in prefrontal area 46 in brains from schizophrenic patients: Application of a three-dimensional, stereologic counting method (1998) Journal of Comparative Neurology, 392, pp. 402-412; Stokes, M.E., Davis, C.S., Koch, G.G., (1995) Categorical Data Analysis Using the SAS System, , Cary, NC: SAS Institute; Suddath, R.L., Casanova, M.F., Goldberg, T.E., Daniel, D.G., Kelsoe J.R., Jr., Weinberger, D.R., Temporal lobe pathology in schizophrenia: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study (1989) American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, pp. 464-472; Torrey, E.F., Hersh, S.P., McCabe, K.D., Early childhood psychosis and bleeding during pregnancy: A prospective study of gravid women and their offspring (1975) Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 5, pp. 287-297; Torrey, E.F., Taylor, E.H., Bracha, H.S., Bowler, A.E., McNeil, T.F., Rawlings, R.R., Quinn, P.O., Gottesman, I.I., Prenatal origin of schizophrenia in a subgroup of discordant monozygotic twins (1994) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20 (3), pp. 423-432; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Heun, R., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: An international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data (1997) American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Volpe, J.J., Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Neuropathology and pathogenesis (1995) Neurology of the Newborn. 3rd ed., , Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; Woerner, M.G., Pollack, M., Klein, D.F., Birth weight and length in schizophrenics personality disorders and their siblings (1971) British Journal of Psychiatry, 118, pp. 461-464; Woerner, M.G., Pollack, M., Klein, D.F., Pregnancy and birth complications in psychiatric patients: A comparison of schizophrenic and personality disorder patients with their siblings (1973) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 49, pp. 712-721; Yue, X., Mehmet, H., Penrice, J., Cooper, C., Cady, E., Wyatt, J.S., Reynolds, E.O., Squier, M.V., Apoptosis and necrosis in the newborn piglet brain following transient cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia (1997) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 23, pp. 16-25 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033931443&partnerID=40&md5=dc3bad4695f3b8bc0346eb6b2fb25cea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obstetric complications and affective psychoses. Two case-control studies based on structured obstetric records T2 - British Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Br. J. Psychiatry VL - 176 IS - JUN. SP - 523 EP - 526 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1192/bjp.176.6.523 SN - 00071250 (ISSN) AU - Bain, M. AU - Juszczak, E. AU - McInneny, K. AU - Kendell, R. E. AD - Information and Statistics Division, National Health Service in Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - Edinburgh University, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AD - 3 West Castle Road, Edinburgh E10 5AT, United Kingdom AB - Background: Unlike schizophrenia, little interest has been taken in the incidence of obstetric complications in affective psychoses. Aims: To find out whether obstetric complications are more common in affective psychoses than matched controls. Method: Two hundred and seventeen probands with an in- patient diagnosis of affective psychosis who had been born in Scotland in 1971-74, and a further 84 born in 1975-78, were closely matched with controls and the incidence of obstetric complications in the two compared using obstetric data recorded in a set format shortly after birth. Results: Abnormal presentation of the foetus was the only complication significantly more common in the affective probands in the 1971-74 birth cohort and artificial rupture of the membranes was the only event more common in the probands in the 1975-78 cohort. Both are probably chance findings. Conclusion: It is unlikely that the incidence of obstetric complications is raised in people with affective psychoses of early onset. Declaration of interest: Funding from the Scottish Office Department of Health. KW - adult KW - article KW - controlled study KW - human KW - labor complication KW - major clinical study KW - malpresentation KW - manic depressive psychosis KW - onset age KW - pregnancy complication KW - premature fetus membrane rupture KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Affective Disorders, Psychotic KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obstetric Labor Complications KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Puerperal Disorders KW - Scotland N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJPYA C2 - 10974956 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kendell, R.E.3 West Castle Road, Edinburgh EH10 5AT, United Kingdom N1 - References: Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-157; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Hultman, C.M., Sparén, P., Takei, N., Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and reactive psychosis of early onset: Case control study (1999) British Medical Journal, 318, pp. 421-426; Kendell, R.E., McInneny, K., Juszczak, E., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia. Two case-control studies based on structured obstetric records (2000) British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, pp. 516-522; Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance, and risk of schizophrenia (1987) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 21, pp. 413-421; Rifkin, L., Lewis, S., Jones, P., Low birth weight and schizophrenia (1994) British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp. 357-362; Verdoux, H., Bourgeois, M., A comparative study of obstetric history in schizophrenics, bipolar patients and normal subjects (1993) Schizophrenia Research, 9, pp. 67-69; (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD-8), , Geneva: WHO; (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, , Geneva: WHO; (1992) The ICD 10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines, , Geneva: WHO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034078343&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.176.6.523&partnerID=40&md5=261b21a24ba5f23381aaafc4093215b0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is there a geographical variation in eczema prevalence in the U.K.? Evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort study T2 - British Journal of Dermatology J2 - Br. J. Dermatol. VL - 142 IS - 4 SP - 712 EP - 720 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03416.x SN - 00070963 (ISSN) AU - McNally, N.J. AU - Williams, H.C. AU - Phillips, D.R. AU - Strachan, D.P. AD - Res. and Development Directorate, Univ. Coll. London Hospitals NHS T., 112 Hampstead Road, London NW1 21T, United Kingdom AD - Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom AD - Asia-Pacific Inst. of Ageing S., Lingnan College, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong AD - Dept. of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cramner Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom AB - Some studies have suggested that the prevalence of atopic eczema may vary between geographical regions. This descriptive study investigates the regional and subregional geography of reported and examined eczema prevalence at the age of 7, 11 and 16 years in Britain using data from the 1958 birth cohort study (n = 828). Estimates of the relative risk of reported eczema associated with residence in each region of the country were calculated and the regional distribution of reported and examined eczema prevalence was compared. The reported prevalence of eczema was mapped at the smaller county level. Comparisons were made with the county-level distribution of asthma and hay fever prevalence. The study showed a marked and statistically significant variation in eczema prevalence across the regions in Britain which was present for examined as well as reported eczema. The highest risk was associated with four regions: North Midlands; Eastern; London and the South- East; and Southern. This regional pattern was not altered significantly after adjustment for social class and family size. The geographical distribution of eczema prevalence was largely maintained when analysed at the county level. Few similarities were found between the county-level distribution of eczema prevalence and that for asthma and hay fever. Explanations for this strong regional variation now need to be sought in terms of environmental and life- style associations. KW - Atopic eczema KW - Environment KW - Geographical distribution KW - Prevalence KW - article KW - atopic dermatitis KW - cohort analysis KW - eczema KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - skin disease KW - statistical analysis KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dermatitis, Atopic KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prevalence KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Risk Factors KW - Topography, Medical N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJDEA C2 - 10792221 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McNally, N.J.; Research and Development Directorate, Univ. Coll. London Hosp. NHS Trust, 112 Hampstead Road, London NW1 2LT, United Kingdom; email: nick.mcnally@corporate.uclh.nthames.nhs.uk N1 - References: Schultz Larsen, F., Diepgen, T., Svensson, A., The occurrence of atopic eczema in North Europe: An international questionnaire study (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol, 34, pp. 760-764; Leung, R., Ho, P., Asthma, allergy, and atopy in three south-east Asian populations (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 1205-1210; Pöysä, L., Korppi, M., Pietikäinen, K., Asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema in Finnish children and adolescents (1991) Allergy, 46, pp. 161-165; Agata, H., Kondo, N., Fukutomi, O., Comparison of allergic diseases and specific IgE antibodies in different parts of Japan (1994) Ann Allergy, 72, pp. 447-450; Von Mutius, E., Fritzsch, C., Weiland, S.K., Prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders among children in united Germany: A descriptive comparison (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 1395-1399; Golding, J., Peters, T.J., Eczema and hay fever (1986) Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Butler NR, Golding J, eds. Oxford: Pergamon Press; Strachan, D.P., Golding, J., Anderson, M.R., Regional variations in wheezing illness in British children: Effect of migration during early childhood (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 231-236; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1982) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report., , Harmondsvvorth: Penguin; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: MacMillan; Leete, R., Fox, A.J., Registrar general's social classes: Origins and uses (1977) Population Trends, 9, pp. 1-7; Williams, H.C., Strachan, D.P., Hay, R.J., Childhood eczema: Disease of the advantaged? (1994) Br Med J, 308, pp. 1132-1135; Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene and household size (1989) Br Med J, 299, pp. 1259-1260; (1993) Epidemiological Graphics, Estimation, and Testing Package Version 1.00.03., , Seattle, WA: Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation; (1992) Version 7.0.3., , Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc; Kirkwood, B.R., (1988) Essentials of Medical Statistics., , Oxford: Blackwell Science; Clayton, D., Kaldor, J., Empirical Bayes estimates of age-standardized relative risks for use in disease mapping (1987) Biometrics, 43, pp. 671-682; Williams, H.C., Is the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increasing? (1992) Clin Exp Dermatol, 17, pp. 385-391; Langford, I.H., Using empirical Bayes estimates in the geographical analysis of disease risk (1994) Area, 26, pp. 142-149; Gardner, M.J., Epidemiological studies of environmental exposure and specific diseases (1988) Arch Env Health, 43, pp. 102-108; Clayton, D., Bernardinelli, L., Bayesian methods for mapping disease risk (1992) Geographical and Environmental Epidemiology: Methods for Small-area Studies, , Elliott P, Cuzick J, English D, Stern R, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Bailey, T.C., Gatrell, A.C., (1995) Interactive Spatial Data Analysis., , Harlow: Longman Scientific and Technical; Douven, W., Scholten, H.J., Spatial analysis in health research (1995) The Added Value of Geographical Information Systems in Public and Environmental Health, , de Lepper MJC, Scholten HJ, Stern RM, eds. Dordrecht: Kluwer; Molloy, H.F., Lamont-Gregory, E., Idzikowski, C., Ryan, T.J., Overheating in bed as an important factor in many common dermatoses (1993) Int J Dermatol, 32, pp. 668-672; Åberg, N., Engström, I., Lindberg, U., Allergic disease in Swedish schoolchildren (1989) Acta Paediatr Scand, 78, pp. 246-252; Arlian, L.G., Bernstein, D., Bernstein, I.L., Prevalence of dust mites in the homes of people with asthma living in eight different geographic areas of the United States (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 90, pp. 292-300; Steiger, T., Borelli, S., Significance of climatic factors in the treatment of atopic eczema (atopic constitutional neurodermatitis) (1991) Handbook of Atopic Eczema, , Ruzicka T, Ring J, Przybilla B, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; Rajka, G., (1975) Atopic Dermatitis., , London: W.B. Saunders; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939-45 war (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1255-1257; McNally, N., Williams, H.C., Phillips, D.R., Atopic eczema and domestic water hardness (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 527-531; Schäfer, T., Vieluf, D., Behrendt, H., Atopic eczema and other manifestations of atopy: Results of a study in East and West Germany (1996) Allergy, 51, pp. 532-539; Behrendt, H., Krämer, U., Dolgner, R., Elevated levels of total serum IgE in East German children: Atopy, parasites, or pollutants? (1993) Allergol J, 2, pp. 31-40; Bobák, M., Koupilová, I., Williams, H.C., Prevalence of asthma, atopic eczema and hay fever in five Czech towns with different levels of air pollution (1995) Epidemiology, 6 (SUPPL. 35). , Abstr; Williams, H.C., Atopic eczema: We should look to the environment (1995) Br Med J, 311, pp. 1241-1242 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034006607&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-2133.2000.03416.x&partnerID=40&md5=aa602371133c0b186f5f396d15a9f03e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Body size, age at shaving initiation, and prostate cancer in a large, multiracial cohort T2 - Prostate J2 - Prostate VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 136 EP - 143 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(20000501)43:2<136::AID-PROS8>3.0.CO;2-L SN - 02704137 (ISSN) AU - Habel, L.A. AU - Van Den Eeden, S.K. AU - Friedman, G.D. AD - Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Med. Care Program, Oakland, CA, United States AD - Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States AB - BACKGROUND. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential relationship between body size, self-reported age at initiation of shaving, and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in a large, racially diverse cohort of men followed for up to 32 years. METHODS. The study population included 70,712 male subscribers to the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program who had received a multiphasic health checkup between 1964-1973. This general health checkup consisted of a number of laboratory tests and physical measurements, as well as a self-completed health questionnaire that included a request for men to record the age when they began shaving. Subjects were followed for the development of prostate cancer, using the local tumor registry. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS. Altogether, 2,079 men in the study cohort were diagnosed with prostate cancer. There was a very strong positive association between prostate cancer risk and birth cohort. After adjusting for race, age, and birth year, there was no association between height, weight, body mass index, or several other anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk in the full cohort. There was a suggestion of a very weak positive association between height and prostate cancer risk among white men. There also was no overall association between age at shaving initiation and prostate cancer risk, although nonwhite men who started shaving at a young age (≤14 years) appeared to be at somewhat elevated risk (RR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.012.22). Relative risks associated with anthropometry and age at shaving did not vary consistently by decade of life, age at health checkup, or stage of prostate cancer at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS. Results from our large, multiracial cohort study do not support a relationship between several measures of adult body size and prostate cancer risk. There was a suggestion of a weak association between height and age at shaving initiation and prostate cancer risk, but only among some racial subgroups. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. KW - Anthropometry KW - Prostate cancer KW - Puberty KW - Risk factors KW - anthropometric parameters KW - article KW - body height KW - body size KW - cancer risk KW - disease association KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - prostate cancer KW - puberty KW - race difference KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Aging KW - Asian Continental Ancestry Group KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Continental Population Groups KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Face KW - Hair KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prostatic Neoplasms KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :46 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PRSTD C2 - 10754529 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Habel, L.A.; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States; email: lah@dor.kaiser.org N1 - References: Nomura, A.M., Kolonel, L., Prostate cancer: A current perspective (1991) Epidemiol Rev, 13, pp. 200-227; Ross, R.K., Schottenfeld, D., Prostate cancer (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 1180-1206. , Shottenfeld D, Fraumeni J Jr, editors. New York: Oxford University Press; Hsing, A.W., Hormones and prostate cancer: Where do we go from here? (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, pp. 1093-1095; Cohen, P., Serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and prostate cancer risk - Interpreting the evidence (1998) J Natl Cancer Inst, 90, pp. 876-879; Hill, P., Garbaczewski, L., Walker, A.R., Age, environmental factors and prostatic cancer (1984) Med Hypotheses, 14, pp. 29-39; Fincham, S.M., Hill, G.B., Hanson, J., Wijayasinghe, C., Epidemiology of prostatic cancer: A case-control study (1990) Prostate, 17, pp. 189-206; Diamandis, E.P., Yu, H., Does prostate cancer start at puberty? (1996) J Clin Lab Anal, 10, pp. 468-469; Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E.B., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Height, body weight, and risk of prostate cancer (1997) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 6, pp. 557-563; Andersson, S.O., Baron, J., Wolk, A., Lindgren, C., Bergstrom, R., Adami, H.O., Early life risk factors for prostate cancer: A population-based case-control study in Sweden (1995) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 4, pp. 187-192; Farthing, M.J.G., Mattei, A.M., Edwards, C.R., Dawson, A.M., Relationship between plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations and male facial hair growth (1982) Br J Dermatol, 107, pp. 559-564; Demark-Wahnefried, W., Conaway, M.R., Robertson, C.N., Mathias, B.J., Anderson, E.E., Paulson, D.F., Anthropometric risk factors for prostate cancer (1997) Nutr Cancer, 28, pp. 302-307; Krieger, N., Overcoming the absence of socioeconomic data in medical records (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 703-710; Hiatt, R.A., Friedman, G.D., The frequency of kidney and urinary tract diseases in a defined population (1982) Kidney Int, 22, pp. 63-68; Friedman, G.D., Effects of multiphasic health testing services (MHTS) on patients (1978) Multiphasic Health Testing Services, pp. 531-549. , Collen MF, editor. New York: John Wiley and Sons; Collen, M.F., Davis, L.F., The multitest laboratory in health care (1969) Occup Health Nurs, 17, pp. 13-18; Kahn, H.A., Sempos, C.T., Statistical methods in epidemiology (1989) Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, pp. 193-198. , MacMahan B, editor. New York: Oxford University Press; Potosky, A.L., Kessler, L., Gridley, G., Brown, C.C., Horm, J.W., Rise in prostatic cancer incidence associated with increased use of transurethral resection (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst, 82, pp. 1624-1628; Stanford, J.L., Stephenson, R.A., Coyle, L.M., Cerhan, J., Correa, R., Eley, J.W., Gilliland, F., West, D., (1999) Prostate Cancer Trends 1973-1995, , SEER Program, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD: NIH publication no. 99-4543; Glaser, S.L., Satariano, E.R., Leung, R.W., Cady, C.M., West, D.W., (1995) Cancer Incidence by Race/Ethnicity in the San Francisco Bay Area: Twenty Years of Cancer Reporting, 1973-1992, , Union City, CA. Northern California Cancer Center; Hauspie, R.C., Vercauteren, M., Susanne, C., Secular changes in growth and maturation: An update (1997) Acta Paediatr, 423 (SUPPL.), pp. 20-27; Galuska, D.A., Serdula, M., Pamuk, E., Siegel, P.Z., Byers, T., Trends in overweight among US adults from 1987 to 1993: A multistate telephone survey (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 1729-1735; Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991 (1994) JAMA, 272, pp. 205-211; Wu, A.H., Whittemore, A.S., Kolonel, L.N., John, E.M., Gallagher, R.P., West, D.W., Hankin, J., Paffenbarger R.S., Jr., Serum androgens and sex hormone-binding globulins in relation to lifestyle factors in older African-American, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada (1995) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 4, pp. 735-741; Pasquali, R., Casimirri, F., Cantobelli, S., Melchionda, N., Morselli Labate, A.M., Fabbri, R., Capelli, M., Bortoluzzi, L., Effect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in men (1991) Metabolism, 40, pp. 101-104; Rudman, D., Feller, A.G., Nagraj, H.S., Gergans, G.A., Lalitha, P.Y., Goldberg, A.F., Schlenker, R.A., Mattson, D.E., Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old (1990) N Engl J Med., 323, pp. 1-6; Goodman-Gruen, D., Barrett-Connor, E., Epidemiology of insulin-like growth factor-I in elderly men and women. The Rancho Bernardo Study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 970-976; Merimee, T.J., Russell, B., Quinn, S., Riley, W., Hormone and receptor studies: Relationship to linear growth in childhood and puberty (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 73, pp. 1031-1037; Gupta, D., Rager, K., Attanasio, A., Klemm, W., Eichner, M., Sex steroid hormones during multiphase pubertal developments (1975) J Steroid Biochem, 6, pp. 859-868; Juul, A., Bang, P., Hertel, N.T., Main, K., Dalgaard, P., Jorgensen, K., Muller, J., Skakkebaek, N.E., Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults: Relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 78, pp. 744-752; Amador, M., Bacallao, J., Hermelo, M., Body mass index at different ages and its association with height at age 14 and with the whole growing process (1996) Nutrition, 12, pp. 416-422; Vignolo, M., Naselli, A., Di Battista, E., Mostert, M., Aicardi, G., Growth and development in simple obesity (1988) Eur J Pediatr, 147, pp. 242-244; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Lee, P.A., Normal ages of pubertal events among American males and females (1980) J Adolesc Health Care, 1, pp. 26-29; Wheeler, M.D., Physical changes of puberty (1991) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 20, pp. 1-14; Largo, R.H., Prader, A., Pubertal development in Swiss boys (1983) Helv Paediatr Acta, 38, pp. 211-228; Andersson, S.O., Wolk, A., Bergstrom, R., Adami, H.O., Engholm, G., Englund, A., Nyren, O., Body size and prostate cancer: A 20-year follow-up study among 135006 Swedish construction workers (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst, 89, pp. 385-389; Le Marchand, L., Kolonel, L.N., Wilkens, L.R., Myers, B.C., Hirohata, T., Animal fat consumption and prostate cancer: A prospective study in Hawaii (1994) Epidemiology, 5, pp. 276-282; Hebert, P.R., Ajani, U., Cook, N.R., Lee, I.M., Chan, K.S., Hennekens, C.H., Adult height and incidence of cancer in male physicians (United States) (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp. 591-597; Hiatt, R.A., Armstrong, M.A., Klatsky, A.L., Sidney, S., Alcohol consumption, smoking, and other risk factors and prostate cancer in a large health plan cohort in california (United States) (1994) Cancer Causes Control, 5, pp. 66-72; Severson, R.K., Grove, J.S., Nomura, A.M., Stemmermann, G.N., Body mass and prostatic cancer: A prospective study (1988) Br Med J [Clin Res], 297, pp. 713-715; Whittemore, A.S., Kolonel, L.N., Wu, A.H., John, E.M., Gallagher, R.P., Howe, G.R., Burch, J.D., Paffenbarger R.S., Jr., Prostate cancer in relation to diet, physical activity, and body size in blacks, whites, and Asians in the United States and Canada (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 652-661; Hayes, R.B., De Jong, F.H., Raatgever, J., Bogdanovicz, J., Schroeder, F.H., Van Der Maas, P., Oishi, K., Yoshida, O., Physical characteristics and factors related to sexual development and behaviour and the risk for prostatic cancer (1992) Eur J Cancer Prev, 1, pp. 239-245 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034004486&doi=10.1002%2f%28SICI%291097-0045%2820000501%2943%3a2%3c136%3a%3aAID-PROS8%3e3.0.CO%3b2-L&partnerID=40&md5=a11e21c719f78b16ba908c6c52434ba9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Housing deprivation and health: A longitudinal analysis T2 - Housing Studies J2 - Hous. Stud. VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 411 EP - 428 PY - 2000 SN - 02673037 (ISSN) AU - Marsh, A. AU - Gordon, D. AU - Heslop, P. AU - Pantazis, C. AD - School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, United Kingdom AB - While there is a longitudinal literature that considers the impact of poor socio-economic circumstances upon health, the more specific impact of poor housing upon health is much less frequently studied longitudinally. This paper draws on the National Child Development Study to examine the impact upon health of poor housing through the life course. The analysis takes the novel approach of constructing a composite severity of ill health measure to act as the dependent variable. Poor housing is operationalised through a housing deprivation index calculated for each sweep of the NCDS. The index of multiple housing deprivation goes beyond traditional concerns with the quality and amenity of a dwelling to incorporate key subjective factors such as satisfaction with dwelling or residential area: these subjective factors play a particularly important role in the index. The key result is that, even when other relevant factors are allowed for, the NCDS data suggest that experience of both current and past poor housing is significantly associated with greater likelihood of ill health. Moreover, for those who are living in non-deprived housing conditions in adulthood, ill health is more likely among those who experienced housing deprivation in earlier life than among those who did not. Thus, history matters. The analysis also highlights the increasing inadequacy of conventional measures of housing deprivation. KW - health impact KW - housing conditions KW - medical geography KW - poverty KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :55 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Marsh, A.; School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, United Kingdom; email: alex.marsh@bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health: Report, , London, Stationery Office; Arblaster, L., Hawtin, M., (1993) Health, Housing and Social Policy, , London, Socialist Health Association; Barker, D.J.P., Coggon, D., Osmond, C., Wickham, C., Poor housing in childhood and high rates of stomach cancer in England and Wales (1990) British Journal of Cancer, 61, pp. 575-578; Ben Shlomo, Y., Chaturvedi, N., Assessing equity in access to health care provision in the UK: Does where you live affect your chances of getting a CABG? (1995) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 49, pp. 200-204; Blackburn, C., (1990) Poverty and Health: Working with Families, , Milton Keynes, Open University Press; Blaxter, M., (1986) Report on the Longitudinal Exploitation of the National Child Development Study: In Areas of Interest to the DHSS, , NCDS Working Paper No 7, (London, City University); Bone, M., Meltzer, H., (1989) The Prevalence of Disability among Children, , OPCS Surveys of Disability in Great Britain Report 3 (London, HMSO); Britten, N., Davies, J., Colley, J., Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women (1987) British Medical Journal, 294, pp. 1317-1319; Chadwick, E., (1842) Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain, , London, HMSO; Chaturvedi, N., Ben Shlomo, Y., From surgery to surgeon: Does deprivation influence access to care? (1995) British Journal of General Practice, 45, pp. 127-131; Chaturvedi, N., Rai, J., Ben Shlomo, Y., Lay diagnosis and health care seeking behaviour for chest pain in South Asians and Europeans (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1578-1583; Coggon, D., Barker, D.J.P., Inskip, H., Wield, G., Housing in early life and later mortality (1993) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 47, pp. 345-348; Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (1972) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 34, pp. 187-202; Davey-Smith, G., Phillips, A., Confounding in epidemiological studies: Why 'independent' effects may not be all they seem (1992) British Medical Journal, 305, pp. 757-759; Davey-Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 547-552; (1999) New Deal for Communities, , www.regeneration.detr.gove.uk/ndc.htm; (1997) The New NHS: Modern, Dependable, , Cmd 3807 (London, The Stationary Office); (1998) Frank Dobson Gives the Go-ahead for First Wave of Health Action Zones, , http://www.nds.coi.gov.uk/coi, DH Press Release 98/120; (1998) Our Healthier Nation: A Contract for Health, , Consultation paper, Cmd 3852 (London, The Stationary Office); (1999) Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation White Paper, , Cmd 4386 (London, The Stationary Office); Elliott, J., Models are stories are not real life (1999) Statistics in Society: The Arithmetic of Politics, , D. Dorling & S. Simpson (Eds) London, Arnold; Ghodsian, M., Fogelman, K., (1988) A Longitudinal Study of Housing Circumstances in Childhood and Early Adulthood, , NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 29 (London, City University); Hunt, S., Housing-related disorders (1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994, 1. , J.Charlton & M. Murphy (Eds), Decennial Supplement No.12 (London, Stationary Office); Ineichen, B., (1993) Homes and Health, , London, E & FN Spon; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height, childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) International Journal of Epidemiology, 18, pp. 663-667; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford, Oxford Medical Publications; Leather, P., Mackintosh, S., Rolfe, S., (1994) Papering over the Cracks: Housing Conditions and the Nation's Health, , London, National Housing Forum; Lee, P., Murie, A., Gordon, D., (1995) Area Measures of Deprivation: A Study of Current Methods and Best Practices in the Identification of Poor Areas in Great Britain, , Birmingham, University of Birmingham; Lowry, S., (1991) Housing and Health, , London, BMJ; Majeed, A., Chaturvedi, N., Reading, R., Ben Shlomo, Y., Monitoring and promoting equity in primary and acute care (1994) British Medical Journal, 308, p. 1426; Mann, S.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Colley, J.R.T., Accumulation of factors in influencing respiratory illness in members of a national birth cohort and their offspring (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 286-290; Marsh, A., Gordon, D., Pantazis, C., Heslop, P., (1999) Home Sweet Home? The Impact of Poor Housing on Health, , Bristol, The Policy Press; Mendall, M.A., Goggin, P.M., Molineaux, N., Childhood living conditions and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in adult life (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 896-897; Montgomery, S., Bartley, M., Wilkinson, R., (1996) The Association of Slow Growth in Childhood with Family Conflict, , NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 48; Murie, A., (1983) Housing Inequality and Deprivation, , London, Heinemann; Nunnally, J., (1981) Psychometric Theory, , Tate-Magraw-Hill, New Delhi; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53 (1), pp. 210-223. , M. Marmot & M. Wadsworth (Eds) Fetal and early childhood environment: long-term health implications; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London, Chapman and Hall; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Power, C., Peckham, C., (1988) Childhood Morbidity and Adult Ill-health, , NCDS Working Paper No. 32 (London, City University); Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS user support group working paper 1 (London, City University); Smith, S.J., (1989) Housing and Health: A Review and Research Agenda, , Centre for Housing Research, Discussion Paper no 27 (Glasgow, Glasgow University); Smith, S.J., Health status and the housing system (1990) Social Science and Medicine, 31, pp. 753-762; Smith, S.J., Mallinson, S., Housing for health in a post-welfare state (1997) Housing Studies, 12 (2), pp. 173-200; Thunhurst, C., Using published data to assess health risks (1993) Unhealthy Housing: Research, Remedies and Reform, , R. Burridge & D. Ormandy (Eds) London, E & FN Spon; (1996) The Real Cost of Poor Homes, , London, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors; Van De Mheen, H.D., Stronks, K., Mackenbach, J.P., A lifecourse perspective on socioeconomic inequalities in health (1998) The Sociology of Health Inequalities, , M. Bartley, D. Blane & G. Davey Smith (Eds) Oxford, Blackwell; Worrall, A., Rea, J., Ben Shlomo, Y., Counting the cost of social disadvantage in primary care: Retrospective analysis of patient data (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 38-42 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034116382&partnerID=40&md5=61d317e7bb9e877f2e0b4c8137a261d3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Union status of young men in Britain: A decade of change T2 - Journal of Applied Econometrics J2 - J. Appl. Econom. VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 289 EP - 310 PY - 2000 SN - 08837252 (ISSN) AU - Arulampalam, W. AU - Booth, A.L. AD - Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom AD - Inst. for Social and Economic Res., University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AB - Previous empirical studies of individual union status in Britain have been cross-sectional. In contrast, we use longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study, to estimate the determinants of male trade union membership over the period 1981-1991. As suggested by union theories, we find that it is important to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity, and our preferred model allows for correlation of individual heterogeneity with observable variables. Our estimates reveal that the observed decline in very large workplaces, and the contraction of the public sector, explain about one third of the predicted decline in union membership over the period. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Arulampalam, W.; Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; email: wiji.arulampalam@warwick.ac.uk N1 - References: Andersen, E.B., Asymptotic properties of conditional maximum likelihood estimators (1970) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 32, pp. 283-301. , Series B; Andrews, M.J., Naylor, R.A., Declining union density in the '80s: What do panel data tell us? (1994) British Journal of Industrial Relations, 32, pp. 413-431; Arulampalam, W., A note on estimated effects in random effect probit models (1999) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61 (4), pp. 597-602; Arulampalam, W., Pudney, S., (1999) Calculation of Standard Errors of Mean Predicted Probabilities in Random Effect Probit Models, , mimeo, University of Warwick; Beatson, M., Butcher, S., Union density across the employed workforce (1993) Employment Gazette, JANUARY, pp. 673-689; Bird, D., Kirosingh, M., Stevens, M., Membership of trade unions in 1990 (1992) Employment Gazette, APRIL, pp. 185-190; Booth, A.L., The free rider problem and a social custom theory of membership (1985) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100 (1), pp. 253-261; Booth, A.L., Estimating the probability of trade union membership: A study of men and women in Britain (1986) Economica, 53 (1), pp. 41-61; Booth, A.L., (1995) The Economics of the Trade Union, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Booth, A.L., Chatterji, M., Reputation, membership and wages in an open shop trade union (1993) Oxford Economic Papers, 45, pp. 23-41; Booth, A.L., Chatterji, M., Union membership and wage bargaining when membership is not compulsory (1995) Economic Journal, 105, pp. 345-360; Booth, A.L., Satchell, S.E., Apprenticeships and job tenure (1994) Oxford Economic Papers, 46 (4), pp. 676-695; Card, D., The effect of unions on the structure of wages: A longitudinal analysis (1996) Econometrica, 64 (3), pp. 957-979; Chamberlain, G., Analysis of covariance with qualitative data (1980) Review of Economic Studies, 47, pp. 225-238; Chamberlain, G., Panel data (1984) Handbook of Econometrics, pp. 1247-1318. , S. Griliches and M. Intriligator (eds), North-Holland, Amsterdam; Chesher, A., Irish, M., Residual analysis in the grouped and censored normal linear model (1987) Journal of Econometrics, 34, pp. 33-61; Denny, K., (1988) Modelling Trade Union Membership: Open Shops and Private Goods, , mimeo, University College, Dublin; Disney, R., Gosling, A., Machin, S., British unions in decline: Determinants of 1980s fall in union recognition (1995) Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 48, pp. 403-419; Disney, R., Gosling, A., Machin, S., What has happened to union recognition in Britain? (1996) Economica, 63, pp. 1-18; Disney, R., Gosling, A., Machin, S., McCrae, J., (1998) The Dynamics of Union Membership in Britain, , mimeo; Farber, H.S., The determination of the union status of workers (1983) Econometrica, 51 (5), pp. 1417-1438; Freeman, R.B., Longitudinal analyses of the effects of trade unions (1984) Journal of Labor Economics, 2 (1), pp. 1-26; Gourieroux, G., Monfort, A., (1995) Statistics and Econometric Models, 2. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Green, F., Soper, J., (1993) Union Membership after Thatcher, , mimeo, University of Leicester; Greene, W.H., (1995) Limdep - Version 7.0, User's Manual and Reference Guide, , Econometric Software Inc; Gregg, P., Naylor, R.A., An inter-establishment study of union recognition and membership in Great Britain (1993) Manchester School, 61, pp. 367-385; Guilkey, D.K., Murphy, J.L., Estimation and testing in the random effects probit model (1993) Journal of Econometrics, 59, pp. 301-317; Heckman, J.J., Statistical models for discrete panel data (1981) Structural Analysis of Discrete Data with Econometric Applications, pp. 114-178. , C. F. Manski and D. McFadden (eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; Hirsch, B.T., Macpherson, D.A., Union membership and coverage files from the Current Population Surveys: Note (1993) Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 46 (3), pp. 574-578; Hsiao, C., (1986) Analysis of Panel Data, , Econometric Society Monograph, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Lechner, M., Some specification tests for probit models estimated on panel data (1995) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 13 (4), pp. 475-488; Maddala, G.S., Limited dependent variable models using panel data (1987) Journal of Human Resources, 22 (3), pp. 307-337; Maddala, G.S., Specification tests in limited dependent variable models (1995) Advances in Econometrics and Quantitative Econometrics, , G. S. Maddala, P. C. B. Phillips and T. N. Srinivasan (eds), Chapter 1, Blackwell, Oxford; Moreton, D., An open shop trade union model of wages, effort and membership (1998) European Journal of Political Economy, 14, pp. 511-527; Narendranathan, W., Elias, P., Influences of past history on the incidence of youth unemployment: Empirical findings for the UK (1993) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 55 (2), pp. 161-185; Naylor, R.A., Strikes, free riders and social customs (1989) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104 (4), pp. 771-786; Naylor, R.A., Raaum, O., The open shop union, wages, and management opposition (1993) Oxford Economic Papers, 45 (4), pp. 589-604; Neyman, J., Scott, E.L., Consistent estimates based on partially consistent observations (1948) Econometrics, 16, pp. 1-32; Smith, P., Morton, G., Union exclusion and the decollectivisation of industrial relations in contemporary Britain (1993) British Journal of Industrial Relations, 31, pp. 97-114; Stewart, M.B., Union wage differentials, product market influences and the division of rents (1990) Economic Journal, 100, pp. 1122-1137; White, H., Maximum likelihood estimation of misspecified models (1982) Econometrica, 50, pp. 1-25; Wright, P., (1995) Union Membership and Coverage: An Econometric Study Using the SCELI Dataset, , mimeo, Department of Economics, University of Nottingham UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034408692&partnerID=40&md5=ef0822de041dd6450fca77bd7e9d5ee2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obstetric risk factors for early-onset schizophrenia in a Finnish birth cohort T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Am. J. Psychiatry VL - 157 IS - 5 SP - 801 EP - 807 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.801 SN - 0002953X (ISSN) AU - Rosso, I.M. AU - Cannon, T.D. AU - Huttunen, T. AU - Huttunen, M.O. AU - Lönnqvist, J. AU - Gasperoni, T.L. AD - Psychology Department, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, P.O. Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States AB - Objective: Although case-control investigations have shown an association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia, particularly among patients with early onsets, cohort studies have mostly failed to confirm this effect. The authors examined whether a history of fetal hypoxia and other obstetric complications elevated risk for early-onset schizophrenia in a 1955 Helsinki birth cohort. Method: The subjects were 80 randomly selected patients with schizophrenia (36 with early and 44 with later onsets) representative of all available probands in the cohort, 61 of their nonschizophrenic siblings, and 56 demographically matched nonpsychiatric comparison subjects. Psychiatric diagnoses were obtained from structured clinical interviews, and obstetric data were taken from standardized, prospectively ascertained obstetric records. A score for hypoxia-associated obstetric complications was entered into logistic regression models, along with measures of prenatal infection and fetal growth retardation. Results: Hypoxia-associated obstetric complications significantly increased the odds of early-onset schizophrenia but not of later-onset schizophrenia or unaffected sibling status, after prenatal infection and fetal growth retardation were taken into account. Conclusions: These findings support an association between obstetric complications and increased risk for early- onset schizophrenia. The authors advance a model whereby the neurotoxic effects of fetal hypoxia may lead to an early onset of schizophrenia due to premature cortical synaptic pruning. KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - Finland KW - human KW - hypoxia KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - intrauterine infection KW - major clinical study KW - mental disease KW - neurotoxicity KW - perinatal asphyxia KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - Adult KW - Age of Onset KW - Asphyxia Neonatorum KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comorbidity KW - Family KW - Female KW - Fetal Diseases KW - Fetal Growth Retardation KW - Fetal Hypoxia KW - Finland KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia N1 - Cited By :116 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPSA C2 - 10784475 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cannon, T.D.; Psychology Department, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, P.O. Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States; email: cannon@psych.ucla.edu N1 - References: Torrey, E.F., Hersh, S.P., McCabe, K.D., Early childhood psychosis and bleeding during pregnancy: A prospective study of gravid women and their offspring (1975) J Autism Child Schizophr, 5, pp. 287-297; Rutt, C.N., Offord, D.R., Prenatal and perinatal complications in childhood schizophrenics and their siblings (1971) J Nerv Ment Dis, 152, pp. 324-331; Günther-Genta, F., Bovet, P., Hohlfeld, P., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case-control study (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 164, pp. 165-170; DeLisi, L.E., Goldin, L.R., Maxwell, M.E., Kazuba, D.M., Gershon, E.S., Clinical features of illness in siblings with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 891-896; Heun, R., Maier, W., The role of obstetric complications in schizophrenia (1993) J Nerv Ment Dis, 181, pp. 220-226; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Torrey, E.F., Sjöström, K., Bowler, A., Taylor, E., Obstetric complications in the histories of monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 89, pp. 196-204; Onstad, S., Skre, I., Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., Birthweight and obstetric complications in schizophrenic twins (1992) Acta Psychiatr Scan, 85, pp. 70-73; Torrey, E.F., Taylor, E.H., Bracha, H.S., Bowler, A.E., McNeil, T.F., Rawlings, R.R., Quinn, P.O., Sjostrom, K., Prenatal origin of schizophrenia in a subgroup of discordant monozygotic twins (1994) Schizophr Bull, 20, pp. 423-432; Jacobsen, B., Kinney, D., Perinatal complications in adopted and non-adopted schizophrenics and their controls: Preliminary results (1980) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 285, pp. 337-351; Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Teasdale, T.W., Schulsinger, H., Feldman, P.M., Mednick, S.A., Perinatal complications and clinical outcome within the schizophrenia spectrum (1982) Br J Psychiatry, 140, pp. 416-420; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Parnas, J., Antecedents of predominantly negative- and predominantly positive-symptom schizophrenia in a high-risk population (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 47, pp. 622-632; O'Callaghan, E., Gibson, T., Colohan, H.A., Buckley, P., Walshe, D.G., Larkin, C., Waddington, J.L., Risk of schizophrenia in adults born after obstetric complications and their associations with early onset of illness: A controlled study (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 1256-1259; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Sjostrom, K., Obstetric complications as antecedents of schizophrenia: Empirical effects of using different obstetric complication scales (1994) J Psychiatr Res, 28, pp. 519-530; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Dalman, C., Allebeck, P., Cullberg, J., Grunewald, C., Köster, M., Obstetric complications and the risk of schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of a national birth cohort (1999) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56, pp. 234-240; McNeil, T.F., Obstetric factors and perinatal injuries (1988) Handbook of Schizophrenia, 3, pp. 319-344. , Edited by Tsuang MT, Simpson JC. New York, Elsevier; Cannon, T.D., On the nature and mechanisms of obstetric influences in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis of epidemiologic studies (1997) Int Rev Psychiatry, 9, pp. 387-397; Cannon, T.D., Kaprio, J., Lönnqvist, J., Huttunen, M.O., Koskenvuo, M., The genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia in a Finnish twin cohort: A population-based modeling study (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55, pp. 67-74; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Praestholm, J., Vestergaards, A., Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers, I: Genetic and perinatal contributions (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 551-564; Fish, B., Marcus, J., Hans, S.L., Auerbach, J.G., Perdue, S., Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Sequelae of a genetic neurointegrative defect (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 221-235; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Heun, R., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: An international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data (1997) Am J Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance, and risk of schizophrenia (1987) J Psychiatr Res, 21, pp. 413-421; Cannon, T.D., Van Erp, T.G.M., Huttunen, M., Lonnqvist, J., Salonen, O., Valanne, L., Poutanen, V.P., Yan, M., Regional gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid distributions in schizophrenic patients, their siblings, and controls (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55, pp. 1084-1091; Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., Gibbon, M., (1987) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), , New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research; Andreasen, N.C., (1984) Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), , Iowa City, University of Iowa; Andreasen, N.C., (1983) Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), , Iowa City, University of Iowa; Loranger, A.W., Susman, V.L., Oldham, J.M., Russakoff, M., (1985) Personality Disorder Examination (PDE): A Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders, , White Plains, NY, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division; Cohen, J., A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales (1960) Educational and Psychol Measurement, 20, pp. 37-46; Rauhala, U., The quantitative strength of the social strata of Finnish society (1970) Sosiaalinen-Aikakauskirja, 63, pp. 347-362. , Finnish; Ott, W.J., The diagnosis of altered fetal growth (1988) Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 15, pp. 237-263; Stokes, M.E., Davis, C.S., Koch, G.G., (1995) Categorical Data Analysis Using the SAS System, , Cary, NC, SAS Institute; Gottesman, I.I., Bertelsen, A., Confirming unexpressed genotypes for schizophrenia: Risks in the offspring of Fischer's Danish identical and fraternal discordant twins (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 46, pp. 867-872; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Obstetric complications (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Feinberg, I., Schizophrenia: Caused by a fault in programmed synaptic elimination during adolescence? (1982) J Psychiatr Res, 17, pp. 319-334; Keshavan, M.S., Anderson, S., Pettegrew, J.W., Is schizophrenia due to excessive synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex? The Feinberg hypothesis revisited (1994) J Psychiatr Res, 28, pp. 239-265; Selemon, L.D., Goldman-Rakic, P.S., The reduced neuropil hypothesis: A circuit based model of schizophrenia (1999) Biol Psychiatry, 45, pp. 17-25; Garey, L.J., Ong, W.Y., Patel, T.S., Kanani, M., Davis, A., Mortimer, A.M., Barnes, T.R.E., Hirsch, S.R., Reduced dendritic spine density on cerebral cortical pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 65, pp. 446-453; Glantz, L.A., Lewis, D.A., Reduction of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: Regional and diagnostic specificity (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 943-952; Olney, J.W., Farber, N.B., Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52, pp. 998-1007; Grace, A.A., Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: Schizophrenia (1991) Neuroscience, 41, pp. 1-24; Volpe, J.J., Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Neuropathology and pathogenesis (1995) Neurology of the Newborn, 3rd Ed., pp. 279-312. , Philadelphia, WB Saunders; Cannon, T.D., Abnormalities of brain structure and function in schizophrenia: Implications for aetiology and pathophysiology (1996) Ann Med, 28, pp. 533-539; Yue, X., Mehmet, H., Penrice, J., Cooper, C., Cady, E., Wyatt, J.S., Reynolds, E.O., Squier, M.V., Apoptosis and necrosis in the newborn piglet brain following transient cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia (1997) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 23, pp. 16-25; Kuchna, I., Quantitative studies of human newborns' hippocampal pyramidal cells after perinatal hypoxia (1994) Folia Neuropathol, 32, pp. 9-16; Jeste, D.V., Lohr, J.B., Hippocampal pathologic findings in schizophrenia: A morphometric study (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 46, pp. 1019-1024; Falkai, P., Bogerts, B., Cell loss in the hippocampus of schizophrenics (1986) Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci, 236, pp. 154-161; Csernansky, J.G., Bardgett, M.E., Limbic-cortical neuronal damage and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (1998) Schizophr Bull, 24, pp. 231-248 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034061709&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ajp.157.5.801&partnerID=40&md5=6053c7df36cee4efa256d07f92403660 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodological problems of longitudinal studies into schizophrenia ST - Methodische probleme der verlaufsforschung an der schizophrenie T2 - Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie J2 - Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr. VL - 68 IS - 5 SP - 193 EP - 205 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1055/s-2000-12144 SN - 07204299 (ISSN) AU - Häfner, H. AU - An Der Heiden, W. AD - Arbeitsgruppe Schizophrenieforschung, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, 68159 Mannheim, Germany AB - Longitudinal studies are a key to understanding schizophrenia. They are the more informative, the longer the periods covered. Hence, good studies into the course of schizophrenia almost exclusively involve a lot of effort and cost. In practice, however, time-consuming methods and design variables must be avoided. The pitfalls this constraint produces are instructive of the difficulties longitudinal studies are faced with in striving for valid results. For reasons of research economy, requirements must be adjusted to study objectives. Studies into the short term course are less time-consuming, but because of the rapid changes in the illness course study intervals should be defined clearly and observed strictly. In long-term studies, too, one source of error lies in the highly varying lengths of illness of the patients studied. Even some of the classic long-term studies are marred by this error. The beginning of the follow-up period should be corn parable across the study cohort and as close to illness onset as possible. To obtain generally valid results the probands must be representative of all the illness cases in the general population not only at the outset, but also all the later stages of the study. Besides the efforts to avoid attrition in the study cohort, ways must be found for correcting and estimating data for an acceptable proportion of drop-outs. In the analysis of course and outcome the indicators chosen must be apt to the traditional subtypes as well as to atheoretical symptom patterns and empirical symptom structures. In the context of typical design variables of longitudinal studies the assets and weaknesses of two retrospective and one prospective design will be discussed. Concerning the social course, importance of disease-independent factors, such as age, sex and level of social development at illness onset, as well as of control groups will be demonstrated. Predictor models will be discussed with reference to the direct and indirect influences involved. Examples of such analyses will be given. KW - article KW - disease course KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - medical research KW - methodology KW - schizophrenia KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Research Design KW - Schizophrenia KW - Schizophrenic Psychology N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: FNPGA C2 - 10858944 LA - German N1 - Correspondence Address: Hafner, H.; Ztr. Inst. fur Seelische Gesundheit, 68159 Mannheim, Germany N1 - References: Affleck, J.W., Burns, J., Forrest, A.D., Long-term follow-up of schizophrenic patients in Edinburgh (1976) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 53, pp. 227-237; An Der Heiden, W., Der langzeitverlauf der schizophrenen psychosen - Eine literaturübersicht (1996) Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 5, pp. 8-21; An Der Heiden, W., Krumm, B., Müller, S., Weber, I., Biehl, H., Schäfer, M., Mannheimer langzeitstudie der schizophrenie: Erste ergebnisse zum verlauf der erkrankung über 14 jahre nach stationärer erstbehandlung (1995) Nervenarzt, 66, pp. 820-827; An Der Heiden, W., Krumm, B., Müller, S., Weber, I., Biehl, H., Schäfer, M., Eine prospektive studie zum langzeitverlauf schizophrener psychosen: Ergebnisse der 14-Jahres-Katamnese (1996) Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 5, pp. 66-75; Andreasen, N.C., Olsen, S.A., Negative vs. positive schizophrenia (1982) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39, pp. 789-794; Biehl, H., Maurer, K., Schubart, C., Krumm, B., Jung, E., Prediction of outcome and utilization of medical services in a prospective study of first onset schizophrenics (1986) Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci, 236, pp. 139-147; Bland, R.C., Orn, H., 14-year outcome in early schizophrenia (1978) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 58, pp. 327-338; Bland, R.C., Orn, H., Fourteen-years outcome in early schizophrenia (1978) Psychol Med, 4, pp. 244-254; Bland, R.C., Parker, J.H., Orn, H., Prognosis in schizophrenia. A ten-year follow-up of first admissions (1976) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 33, pp. 949-954; Bleuler, M., (1972) Die Schizophrenen Geistesstörungen im Lichte Langjähriger Kranken- und Familiengeschichten, , Stuttgart: Thieme; Bleuler, M., Huber, G., Gross, G., Schüttler, R., Der langfristige verlauf schizophrener psychosen (1976) Nervenarzt, 47, pp. 477-481; Bowden, C.L., Schoenfeld, L.S., Adams, R.L., A correlation between dropout status and improvement in a psychiatric clinic (1980) Hosp Community Psychiatry, 31, pp. 192-195; Breier, A., Schreiber, J.L., Dyer, J., Pickar, D., National Institute of Mental Health longitudinal study of chronic schizophrenia: Prognosis and predictors of outcome (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48, pp. 239-246; Carpenter, W.T., Heinrichs, D.W., Wagman, A.M.I., Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: The concept (1988) Am J Psychiatry, 145, pp. 578-583; Carpenter, W.T., Strauss, J.S., The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. IV: Eleven-year follow-up of the Washington IPSS cohort (1991) J Nerv Ment Dis, 179, pp. 517-525; Changhui, C., Weixi, Z., Shuren, L., Clinical features and outcome of schizophrenia at 12-years-follow-up (1995) A Report from Chinese Partner of the WHO-Coordinated Study on the Long-term Course and Outcome of Schizophrenia, , Unpublished; Ciompi, L., Catamnestic long-term study on the course of life and aging of schizophrenics (1980) Schizophr Bull, 6, pp. 606-618; Ciompi, L., Müller, C., (1976) Lebensweg und Alter der Schizophrenen, , Berlin: Springer; Conrad, K., (1958) Die Beginnende Schizophrenie, , Stuttgart: Thieme; Crow, T.J., The two-syndrome concept: Origins and current status (1985) Schizophr Bull, 11, pp. 471-486; Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., Sacker, A., Birth cohort study of the antecedents of psychosis: Ontogeny as witness to phylogenetic origins (1995) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia, 3, pp. 3-20. , Häfner H, Gattaz WF (Hrsg.). Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; Daum, C.M., Brooks, G.W., Albee, G.W., Twenty year follow-up of 253 schizophrenic patients originally selected for chronic disability: Pilot study (1977) Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 2, pp. 129-132; Diggle, P.J., Liang, K.-Y., Zeger, S.L., (1994) Analysis of Longitudinal Data, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Docherty, J.P., Van Kammen, D.P., Siris, S.G., Marder, S.R., Stages of onset of schizophrenic psychosis (1978) Am J Psychiatry, 135, pp. 420-426; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) Br Med J, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Dube, K.C., Kumar, N., Dube, S., Long term course and outcome of the Agra cases in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (1984) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 70, pp. 170-179; Eaton, W.W., Bilker, W., Haro, J.M., Herrman, H., Mortensen, P.B., Freeman, H.E., Burgess, P., Long-term course of hospitalization for schizophrenia: Part II. Change with passage of time (1992) Schizophr Bull, 18, pp. 229-241; Eaton, W.W., Mortensen, P.B., Herrman, H., Freeman, H.E., Bilker, W., Burgess, P., Wooff, K., Long-term course of hospitalization for schizophrenia: Part I. Risk for rehospitalization (1992) Schizophr Bull, 18, pp. 217-227; Engelhardt, D.M., Rosen, B., Feldman, J., Engelhardt, J.A.Z., Cohen, P., A 15-year follow-up of 646 schizophrenic outpatients (1982) Schizophr Bull, 8, pp. 493-503; Foulds, G.A., Bedford, A., Hierarchy of classes of personal illness (1975) Psychol Med, 5, pp. 181-192; Gmür, M., 12-year clinical course of schizophrenia in hospital and night clinic patients over the period from 1971/1973 to 1983 (1991) Psychopathology, 24, pp. 219-224; Gould, J., Kolb, W.L., (1965) A Dictionary of the Social Sciences, , New York: The Free Press; Hagenaars, J.A., (1990) Categorical Longitudinal Data. Log-linear Panel, Trend, and Cohort Analysis, , Newbury Park-London-New Dehli; Sage Publications; Harding, C.M., Course types in schizophrenia: An analysis of European and American studies (1988) Schizophr Bull, 14, pp. 633-643; Harding, C.M., Brooks, G.W., Ashikaga, T., Strauss, J.S., Breier, A., (1987) The Vermont Longitudinal Study of Persons with Severe Mental Illness: 1. Methodology, Study Sample, and Overal Status 32 Year Later, 144, pp. 718-726; Harding, C.M., Brooks, G.W., Ashikaga, T., Strauss, J.S., Breier, A., The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness. II: Long-term outcome of subjects who retrospectively met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia (1987) Am J Psychiatry, 144, pp. 727-735; Harrison, G., Croudace, T., Mason, P., Glazebrook, C., Medley, I., Predicting the long-term outcome of schizophrenia (1996) Psychol Med, 26, pp. 697-705; Häfner, H., Maurer, K., Löffler, W., Bustamante, S., An Der Heiden, W., Riecher-Rössler, A., Nowotny, B., Onset and early course of schizophrenia (1995) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia, 3, pp. 43-66. , Häfner H, Gattaz WF (Hrsg.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer; Häfner, H., Nowotny, B., Löffler, W., An Der Heiden, W., Maurer, K., When and how does schizophrenia produce social deficits? (1995) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 246, pp. 17-28; Hegarty, J.D., Baldessarini, R.J., Tohen, M., Waternaux, C., Oepen, G., One hundred years of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of the outcome literature (1994) Am J Psychiatry, 151, pp. 1409-1416; Helgason, L., Twenty years' follow-up of first psychiatric presentation for schizophrenia: What would have been prevented? Acta Psychiatr Scand, , 199081231-235; Huber, G., Gross, G., Schüttler, R., (1979) Schizophrenie. Eine Verlaufs- und Sozialpsychiatrische Langzeitstudie, , Berlin: Springer; Jablensky, A., Schizophrenia: The epidemiological horizon (1995) Schizophrenia, pp. 206-252. , Hirsch SR, Weinberger DR (Hrsg.). Ltd Oxford: Blackwell Science; Jones, P., Van Os, J., Predicting schizophrenia in teenagers: Pessimistic results from the British 1946 birth cohort (1998) Schizophr Res, 29, p. 11; Jones, P., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipilä, P., Does schizophrenia result from pregnancy, delivery and perinatal complications? A 28-year study in the 1966 North Finland birth cohort (1996) European Psychiatry, 11, p. 242; Jones, P., Tarrant, C.J., Vorläufersymptome funktioneller psychosen (1998) ZNS Journal, 18, pp. 4-15; Kendler, K.S., McGuire, M., Gruenberg, A.M., Walsh, D., Clinical heterogeneity in schizophrenia and the pattern of psychopathology in relatives: Results from an epidemiologically based family study (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 89, pp. 294-300; Kolakowska, T., Williams, A.O., Ardern, M., Reveley, M.A., Jambor, K., Gelder, M.G., Mandelbrote, B.M., Schizophrenia with good and poor outcome. I: Early clinical features, response to neuroleptics and signs of organic dysfunction (1985) Br J Psychiatry, 146, pp. 229-239; Leon, C.A., Clinical course and outcome of schizophrenia in Cali, Colombia: A 10-year follow-up study (1989) J Nerv Ment Dis, 177, pp. 593-606; Lewis, S.W., Owen, M.J., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: Methodology and mechanisms (1989) Schizophrenia: Scientific Progress, pp. 56-68. , Schulz SC, Tamminga CA (Hrsg.). New York: Oxford University Press; Löffler, W., (1998) Differenzen in der Sozialräumlichen Verteilung Erstaufgenommener Schizophrener und Paranoider Patienten, , Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovac; Marcelis, M., Van Os, J., Sham, P., Jones, P., Gilvarry, C., Cannon, M., McKenzie, K., Murray, R., Obstetric complications and familial morbid risk of psychiatric disorders (1998) Am J Med Genet, 81, pp. 29-36; Marengo, J.T., Harrow, M., Westermeyer, J.F., Early longitudinal course of acute-chronic and paranoid-undifferentiated schizophrenia subtypes and schizophreniform disorder (1991) J Abnorm Psychol, 100, pp. 600-603; Marneros, A., Deister, A., Rohde, A., Affektive, schizoaffektive und schizophrene psychosen (1991) Eine Vergleichende Langzeitstudie, , Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer; Mason, P., Harrison, G., Glazebrook, C., Medley, I., Croudace, T., The course of schizophrenia over 13 years. A report from the International Study on Schizophrenia (ISoS) coordinated by the World Health Organization (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 169, pp. 580-586; Mason, P., Harrison, G., Glazebrook, C., Medley, I., Dalkin, T., Croudace, T., Characteristics of outcome in schizophrenia at 13 years (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 596-603; Maurer, K., (1995) Der Geschlechtsspezifische Verlauf der Schizophrenie Über 10 Jahre, , Hamburg: Dr. Kovac; Maurer, K., Hafner, H., Negativsymptomatik im frühverlauf der schizophrenie und im verlauf über drei jahre nach ersthospitalisation (1996) Befunderhebung in der Psychiatrie: Lebensqualität, Negativsymptomatik und Andere Aktuelle Entwicklungen, pp. 225-240. , Möller H-J, Engel RR, Hoff P (Hrsg.). Wien: Springer; McGlashan, T.H., The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study. I. Follow-up methodology and study sample (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41, pp. 573-585; McGlashan, T.H., The Chestnut Lodge follow-up. II. Long-term outcome of schizophrenia and the affective disorders (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41, pp. 586-601; McGlashan, T.H., The prediction of outcome in chronic schizophrenia. IV. The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 167-176; Möller, H.-J., Von Zerssen, D., Course and outcome of schizophrenia (1995) Schizophrenia, pp. 106-127. , Hirsch SR, Weinberger DR (Hrsg.). Ltd Oxford: Blackwell Science; Opjordsmoen, S., Delusional disorders. I. Comparative long-term outcome (1989) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 80, pp. 603-612; Retterstol, N., Opjordsmoen, S., Differences in diagnosis and long-term course and outcome between monosymptomatic and other delusional disorders (1994) Psychopathology, 27, pp. 240-246; Riecher, A., Maurer, K., Löffler, W., Fätkenheuer, B., An Der Heiden, W., Munk-Jørgensen, P., Strömgren, E., Häfner, H., Gender differences in age at onset and course of schizophrenic disorders (1991) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia, 3, pp. 14-33. , Häfner H, Gattaz WF (Hrsg.). Berlin: Springer; Robins, L.N., Longitudinal methods in the study of normal and pathological development (1979) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart. Forschung und Praxis. Grundlagen und Methoden der Psychiatrie, 1, pp. 627-684. , Kisker KP, Meyer J-E, Müller C, Strömgren E (Hrsg.). Berlin: Springer; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness. Obstetric complications (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Sartorius, N., Gulbinat, W.H., Harrison, G., Laska, E., Siegel, C., Long-term follow-up of schizophrenia in 16 countries. A description of the International Study of Schizophrenia conducted by the World Health Organization (1996) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 31, pp. 249-258; Shepherd, M., Watt, D., Falloon, I.R.N., Smeeton, N., The natural history of schizophrenia: A five-year follow-up study of outcome and prediction in a representative sample of schizophrenics (1989) Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplementum, 15, pp. 1-46. , London: Cambridge University Press; Strauss, J.S., Carpenter, W.T., The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. I. Characteristics of outcome (1972) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 27, pp. 739-746; Strauss, J.S., Carpenter, W.T., The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. II. Relationship between predictor and outcome (1974) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 31, pp. 37-42; Thara, R., Henrietta, M., Joseph, A., Rajkumar, S., Eaton, W.W., Ten-year course of schizophrenia - The Madras longitudinal study (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 90, pp. 329-336; Walker, E.F., Weinstein, J., Baum, K., Neumann, C.S., Antecedents of schizophrenia: Moderating effects of development and biological sex (1995) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia, pp. 21-42. , Häfner H, Gattaz WF (Hrsg.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer; Watt, D.C., Katz, K., Shepherd, M., The natural history of schizophrenia: A 5-year prospective follow-up of a representative sample of schizophrenics by means of a standardized clinical and social assessment (1983) Psychol Med, 13, pp. 663-670; Wellek, S., (1994) Statistische Methoden zum Nachweis von Äquivalenz, , Stuttgart-Jena-New York: Gustav Fischer; Wetzel, A., Die soziale bedeutung (1932) Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten, 9. , Bumke O (Hrsg.) Berlin: Springer; Wiersma, D., Giel, R., De Jong, A., Nienhuis, F.J., Slooff, C.J., Assessment of the need for care 15 years after onset of a Dutch cohort of patients with schizophrenia, and an international comparison (1996) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 31, pp. 114-121; Wiersma, D., Nienhuis, F.J., Slooff, C.J., Giel, R., Natural course of schizophrenic disorders: A 15-year follow-up of a Dutch incidence cohort (1998) Schizophr Bull, 24, pp. 75-85; Zeger, S.L., Liang, K.-Y., Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes (1986) Biometrics, 42, pp. 121-130 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0343729440&doi=10.1055%2fs-2000-12144&partnerID=40&md5=dc66a33ba93ad45669d840e8920016aa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relative effect of genetic and environmental factors on body height: Differences across birth cohorts among finnish men and women T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - Am. J. Public Health VL - 90 IS - 4 SP - 627 EP - 630 PY - 2000 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Silventoinen, K. AU - Kaprio, J. AU - Lahelma, E. AU - Koskenvuo, M. AD - Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland AD - Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland AD - Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland AB - Objectives. This study examined the change in heritability of adult body height across birth cohorts in Finland. Methods. In 1981, cross-sectional questionnaires were completed by 10 968 twin pairs born before 1958. The effect of genetic factors was estimated via genetic modeling. Results. Heritability increased from the cohort born before 1929 (0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.65, 0.88 in men; 0.66, 95% CI=0.55, 0.77 in women) to that born in 1947 through 1957 (0.81, 95% CI=0.73, 0.87 in men; 0.82. 95% CI = 0.75, 0.89 in women). Conclusions. Heritability of height increased across finnish birth cohorts born in the first half of this century and leveled off after World War II. Environmental factors, compared with genetic factors, appear to be more important among women than men. KW - article KW - body height KW - environment KW - environmental factor KW - Finland KW - genetic model KW - heredity KW - heritability KW - questionnaire KW - twins KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Environment KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Phenotype KW - Questionnaires KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Twins, Dizygotic KW - Twins, Monozygotic N1 - Cited By :146 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 10754982 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Silventoinen, K.; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41, FIN-00014, Finland; email: karri.silventoinen@helsinki.fi N1 - References: Nance, W.E., Pandya, A., Maes, H., The PHOG gene on Xpter-p22.32 appears to be GTL for stature in adolescent twins (1998) Twin Res., 1, p. 103; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) BMJ, 4, pp. 573-575; Kusin, J.A., Kardjati, S., Houtkooper, J.M., Renqvist, U.H., Energy supplementation during pregnancy and postnatal growth (1992) Lancet., 340, pp. 623-626; Malcolm, L., Protein-energy malnutrition and growth (1979) Human Growth 3 Neurobiology and Nutrition, pp. 361-372. , Falkner F, Tanner JM, eds. New York, NY: Plenum Press; Malleson, P.N., Pain syndromes, disability, and chronic disease in childhood (1991) Curr Opin Rheumatol., 3, pp. 860-866; Post, G.B., Kemper, H.C.G., Welten, D.C., Dietary pattern and growth of 10-12-year-old Bolivian girls and boys: Relation between altitude and socioeconomic status (1997) Am J Hum Biol., 9, pp. 51-62; Skuse, D., Albanese, A., Stanhope, R., Gilmour, J., Voss, L., A new stress-related syndrome of growth failure and hyperphagia in children, associated with reversibility of growth-hormone insufficiency (1996) Lancet., 348, pp. 353-358; Pearson, K., Lee, A., On the laws on inheritance in man (1903) Biometrika., 2, pp. 356-462; Crow, J.F., Kimura, M., (1970) An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory, , New York, NY: Harper & Row; Stunkard, A.J., Foch, T.T., Hrubec, Z., A twin study of human obesity (1986) JAMA, 256, pp. 51-54; Roberts, D.F., Billewicz, W.Z., McGregor, I.A., Heritability of stature in a West African population (1978) Ann Hum Genet., 42, pp. 15-24; Solomon, P.J., Thompson, E.A., The inheritance of height in a Finnish population (1983) Ann Hum Biol., 10, pp. 247-256; Steckel, R.H., Stature and the standard of living (1995) J Econ Lit., 33, pp. 1903-1940; Tanner, J.M., Growth as a measure of the nutritional and hygienic status of a population (1992) Horm Res., 38 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 106-115; Mueller, W.H., Parent-child correlations for stature and weight among school-aged children: A review of 24 studies (1976) Hum Biol., 48, pp. 379-397; Hjerppe, R., (1989) The Finnish Economy 1860-1985: Growth and Structural Change, , Helsinki, Finland: Bank of Finland; Tiisala, R., Kantero, R.-L., Some parent-child correlations for height, weight and skeletal age up to 10 years (1971) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl., 220, pp. 42-48; Stinson, S., Sex differences in environmental sensitivity during growth and development (1985) Yearbook Phys Anthropol., 28, pp. 123-147; Kaprio, J., Sarna, S., Koskenvuo, M., Rantasalo, J., The Finnish twin registry: Formation and compilation, questionnaire study, zygosity determination procedures and research program (1978) Prog Clin Biol Res., 24 B, pp. 179-184; Honkasalo, M.-L., Kaprio, J., Heikkilä, K., Sillanpää, M., Koskenvuo, M., A population-based survey of headache and migraine in 22 809 adults (1993) Headache, 33, pp. 403-412; Korkeila, M., Kaprio, J., Rissanen, A., Koskenvuo, M., Sörensen, T.I.A., Predictors of major weight gain in adult Finns: Stress, life satisfaction and personality traits (1998) Int J Obes., 22, pp. 949-957; Sarna, S., Kaprio, J., Sistonen, P., Koskenvuo, M., Diagnosis of twin zygosity by mailed questionnaire (1978) Hum Hered., 28, pp. 241-254; Neale, M.C., Cardon, L.R., (1992) Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families, , Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher; Liang, K., Zeger, S., Longitudinal data analysis using generalised linear models (1986) Biometrika., 73, pp. 13-22; Christian, J., Kang, K., Norton, J., Choice of an estimate of genetic variance from twin data (1974) Am J Hum Genet., 26, pp. 154-161; Williams, C.J., Christian, J.C., Norton, J.A., TWINAN90: A FORTRAN program for conducting ANOVA-based and likelihood-based analyses of twin data (1992) Comput Methods Programs Biomed., 38, pp. 167-176; Neale, M.C., (1994) Mx: Statistical Modelling [Computer Program], , Richmond, Va: Dept of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University; Spuhler, J.N., Assortative mating with respect to physical characteristics (1982) Soc Biol., 29, pp. 53-66; Epstein, E., Guttman, R., Mate selection in man: Evidence, theory, and outcome (1984) Soc Biol., 31, pp. 243-278; Yarnell, J.W.G., Limb, E.S., Layzell, J.M., Baker, I.A., Height: A risk marker for ischaemic heart disease: Prospective results from the caerphilly and speedwell heart disease studies (1992) Eur Heart J., 13, pp. 1602-1605; Leon, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Strachan, D., Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 5-9 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034108426&partnerID=40&md5=b5a00c2e2ab6bce0e0243cc1033cc4d5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diet in a group of 18-month-old children in South West England, and comparison with the results of a national survey T2 - Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics J2 - J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 100 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-277X.2000.00220.x SN - 09523871 (ISSN) AU - Cowin, I. AU - Emmett, P. AD - U. Paediatr. Perinatal Epidemiol., University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom AB - Objective. To investigate the normal range of nutrient intakes and food consumption patterns in 18-month-old children. Subjects. 1026 children resident in South West England, forming part of the Children in Focus (CIF) research cohort. Methods. Diet was assessed using a 3-day unweighed dietary record. Nutrient and food intakes were compared with the dietary reference values and with the results of a British survey of preschool children - the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Results. Intakes of energy and nearly all nutrients were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Intakes of energy were slightly above the estimated average requirements. For most nutrients the mean and median intakes were well above the Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNI). The exceptions were vitamin D, iron and zinc. Nutrient intakes in CIF were very similar to those in the NDNS except for carotene, calcium, vitamin D and iodine, where intakes were considerably higher in CIF, and sugar intake which was lower in CIF. Intakes of most foods were similar in the two surveys. However, consumption of milk, yoghurt and fromage frais and baby foods was higher in CIF, intakes of most fruit and vegetables was somewhat higher, and intakes of savoury snacks and sugar confectionery were lower. In addition, there were differences between the two groups in the types of meat and meat products consumed. Conclusions. These children are unlikely to be deficient in any nutrients, with the possible exceptions of iron, zinc and vitamin D. The use of vitamin D supplements and the inclusion of iron- and zinc-rich foods in the diets of preschool children should be encouraged. These data will be important in assessing the influence of early diet on subsequent health and development. KW - Diet KW - Energy KW - Food groups KW - Iron KW - Preschool children KW - Reporting bias KW - Vitamin D KW - Zinc KW - calcium KW - carotene KW - iodine KW - iron KW - sugar KW - vitamin D KW - yoghurt KW - zinc KW - article KW - caloric intake KW - child development KW - child health KW - child nutrition KW - comparative study KW - diet supplementation KW - dietary intake KW - female KW - food intake KW - fruit KW - health survey KW - human KW - iron deficiency KW - male KW - meat KW - milk KW - normal human KW - preschool child KW - reference value KW - United Kingdom KW - vegetable KW - vitamin D deficiency KW - vitamin supplementation KW - zinc deficiency N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JHNDE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cowin, I.; Unit Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiol., University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; email: Imogen.Cowin@ssa.bristol.ac.uk N1 - References: Bingham, S., Day, K., Average portion weights consumed by a randomly selected British population (1987) Human Nutrition: Appl. Nutrition, 41 A, pp. 258-264; Chan, W., Brown, J., Church, S.M., Buss, D.H., (1996) Meat Products and Dishes, , London: The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; Chan, W., Brown, J., Lee, S.M., Buss, D.H., (1995) Meat, Poultry and Game, , London: The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; Chandra, R.K., Nutrition and the immune system: An introduction (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 460S-463S; Cowin, I.S., Emmett, P.M., The effect of missing data in the supplements to McCance and Widdowson's food tables on calculated nutrient intakes (1999) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 53, pp. 891-894; Davies, P.S.W., Bates, C.J., Cole, T.J., Prentice, A., Clarke, P.C., Vitamin D: Seasonal and regional differences in preschool children in Great Britain (1999) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 53, pp. 195-198; Davies, P.S.W., Coward, W.A., Gregory, J., White, A., Total energy expenditure and energy intake in the pre-school child: A comparison (1994) Br. J. Nutr., 72, pp. 13-20; (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom, , London: HMSO; (1988) Present Day Practice in Infant Feeding. Third Report, , London: HMSO; Emmett, P.M., North, K., Noble, S.M., Types of drinks consumed by infants at 4 and 8 months of age: 1. A descriptive study (2000) Public Health Nutrition, , in press; Freedman, D.S., Byers, T., Sell, K., Kuester, S., Newell, E., Lee, S., Tracking of serum cholesterol levels in a multiracial sample of preschool children (1992) Pediatrics, 90, pp. 80-86; Golden, M.H.N., The role of individual nutrient deficiencies in growth retardation of children as exemplified by zinc and protein (1988) Linear Growth Retardation in Less Developed Countries, pp. 143-163. , ed. J. C. Waterlow, New York: Raven Press Ltd; Golding, J., Children of the nineties: A resource for assessing the magnitude of long-term effects of prenatal, perinatal and subsequent events (1996) Obstetrics, 8, pp. 89-92; Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., Wiseman, M., (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , London: HMSO; Idjradinata, P., Pollitt, E., Reversal of developmental delays in iron-deficient anaemic infants treated with iron (1993) The Lancet, 341, pp. 1-4; Labarthe, D.R., Eissa, M., Varas, C., Childhood precursors of high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol (1991) Annu. Rev. Public Health, 12, pp. 519-541; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch. Dis Childhood, 77, pp. 376-381; Lira, P.I.C., Ashworth, A., Morris, S.S., Effect of zinc supplementation on the morbidity, immune function and growth of low-birth-weight, full-term infants in northeast Brazil (1998) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 68 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 418S-424S; Lozoff, B., Behavioral alterations in iron deficiency (1988) Adv. Pediatr, 35, pp. 331-360; (1993) Food Portion Sizes, , London: HMSO; (1993) National Food Survey 1992, , London: HMSO; (1994) Report of the Task Force on Research in Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, , Bethseda, MD: National Institutes of Health; Nicklas, T.A., Farris, R.P., Smoak, C.G., Frank, G.C., Srinavasan, S.R., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Dietary factors relate to cardiovascular risk factors in early life (1988) Arteriosclerosis, 8, pp. 193-199; Payne, J.A., Belton, N.R., Nutrients intake and growth in pre-school children. II. Intake of minerals and vitamins (1992) J. Hum. Nutr. Dietet., 5, pp. 299-304; Price, G.M., Paul, A.A., Key, F.B., Harter, A.C., Cole, T.J., Day, K.C., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Measurement of diet in a large national survey: Comparison of computerised and manual coding of records in household measures (1995) J. Hum. Nutr., 8, pp. 417-428; Sanchez-Bayle, M., Gonzalez-Requejo, A., Ruiz-Jarabo, C., Serum lipids and apolipoproteins in spanish children and adolescents: A 5 year follow-up (1996) Acta Paediatr. Scand., 85, pp. 292-294; Shea, S., Basch, C.E., Irigoyen, M., Zybert, P., Rips, J.L., Contento, I., Gutin, B., Relationships of dietary fat consumption to serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Hispanic preschool children (1991) Prev. Med., 20, pp. 237-249; Sherriff, A., Emond, A., Hawkins, N., Golding, J., Haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in children aged 12 and 18 months (1999) Arch. Dis. Childhood, 80, pp. 153-157; Steel, R.C.D., (1998) Examination of Energy Intakes of 18 Month-old Children and the Effects of Nutrient Intake Distributions When Expressed As Absolute Values, Nutrient Densities and Energy-adjusted Values, , MSc Thesis, Aberdeen University; (1988) Cereals and Cereal Products, , London: RSC/MAFF; (1989) Milk Products and Eggs, , London: RSC/MAFF; (1991) Vegetables, Herbs and Spices, , London: RSC/MAFF; (1992) Fruit and Nuts, , London: RSC/MAFF; (1992) Vegetable Dishes, , London: RSC/MAFF; (1993) Fish and Fish Products, , London: RSC/MAFF; (1994) Miscellaneous Foods, , London: RSC/MAFF; Walter, T., Effect of iron deficiency anaemia on cognitive skills in infancy and childhood (1994) Baillieres Clin. Haematol., 7, pp. 815-827; Walter, T., Andraca, I., Chadud, P., Perales, C.G., Iron deficiency anaemia: Adverse effects on infant psychomotor development (1989) Pediatrics, 84, pp. 7-17; Wattigney, W.A., Webber, L.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., The emergence of clinically abnormal levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors among young adults. The Bogalusa heart study (1995) Prev. Med., 24, pp. 617-626; (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Meeting, , Geneva: World Health Organisation; (1972) Nutritional Anaemias. WHO Technical Report Series No. 503, , Geneva: WHO; Williams, C.I., Wynder, E.L., Hyperlipidemia in childhood and the development of atherosclerosis (1991) Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 623, pp. 1-482 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034072764&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-277X.2000.00220.x&partnerID=40&md5=d004cf5062b0c09e9c6da191f177a541 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cohort study of birthweight, mortality, and disability T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 320 IS - 7238 SP - 840 EP - 841 PY - 2000 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Leah, L. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cardiovascular risk KW - child KW - disability KW - embryo KW - fetus growth KW - human KW - ischemic heart disease KW - male KW - mortality KW - priority journal KW - Sweden KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Morbidity KW - Mortality KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 10731178 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. Epidemiology Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vågero̊, D., Koupilová, L., Mohsen, R., Berglund, L., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; The scottish low birthweight study. I. Survival, growth, and neuromotor and sensory impairment (1992) Arch Dis Child, 67, pp. 675-681; Stewart, A.L., Reynolds, E.O.R., Lipscomb, A.P., Outcome for infants of very low birthweight: Survey of world literature (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 1038-1040; Pharoah, P.O.D., Stevenson, C.J., Cooke, R.W.I., Stevenson, R.C., Clinical and subclinical deficits at 8 years in a geographically defined cohort of low birthweight infants (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 264-270 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034712520&partnerID=40&md5=1e2c7f13b64dda21200f875448ccb51b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dichotomous or categorical response? Analysing self-rated health and lifetime social class T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 149 EP - 157 PY - 2000 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Manor, O. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Power, C. AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University and Hadassah, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91010, Israel AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guillord Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. Self-rated health is a commonly used measure of health status, usually having three to five categories. The measure is often collapsed into a dichotomous variable of good versus less than good health. This categorization has not yet been justified. Methods. Using data from the 1958 British birth cohort, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic conditions, indicated by occupational class at four ages, and self-rated health. Results obtained for a dichotomous variable using logistic regression were compared with alternative methods for ordered categorical variables including polytomous regression, cumulative odds, continuation ratio and adjacent categories models. Results and Conclusions. Findings concerning the realtionship between socioeconomic position and self-rated health yielded by a logistic regression model were confirmed by alternative statistical methods which incorporate the ordered nature of self-rated health. Similarity of results was found regarding size and significance of main effects, type of association and interactive effects. KW - Adjacent categories model KW - Continuation ratio model KW - Cumulative odds model KW - Logistic regression KW - Polytomous regression KW - Self-rated health KW - Social class KW - adult KW - article KW - comparative study KW - data analysis KW - female KW - health status KW - human KW - male KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - regression analysis KW - self concept KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - technique KW - Adult KW - England KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Models, Statistical KW - Occupations KW - Risk KW - Scotland KW - Social Class KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :147 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 10750617 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Manor, O.; School of Public Health, Community Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah, PO Box 12272, Jerusalem 91010, Israel; email: om@cc.huji.ac.il N1 - References: (1992) Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey, , London: Sports Council and Health Education Authority; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; Moller, L., Kristensen, T.S., Hollnagel, H., Self rated health as a predictor of coronary heart disease in Copenhagen, Denmark (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 423-428; Fylkesnes, K., Determinants of health care utilization - Visits and referrals (1993) Scand J Soc Med, 21, pp. 40-50; Idler, E.L., Benyamini, Y., Self rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 21-37; Miilunpalo, S., Vuori, I., Oja, P., Pasanen, M., Urponen, H., Self-rated health status as a health measure: The predictive value of self-reported health status on the use of physician services and on mortality in the working age population (1997) J Clin Epidemiol, 50, pp. 517-528; Krause, N.M., Jay, G.M., What do global self-rated health items measure? (1994) Med Care, 32, pp. 930-942; Lundberg, O., Manderbacka, K., Assessing reliability of a measure of self-rated health (1996) Scand J Soc Med, 24, pp. 218-224; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) Br Med J, 313, pp. 449-453; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages in life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; Mackenbach, J.P., Kunst, A.E., Aejm, C., Groenhof, F., Geurts, J.J.M., Socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality in western Europe (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 1655-1659; Shetterly, S., Baxter, J., Mason, L.D., Hamman, R.F., Self rated health among Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white adults: The San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 1798-1801; Rahkonen, O., Arber, S., Lahelma, E., Health inequalities in early adulthood: A comparison of young men and women in Britain and Finland (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41, pp. 163-171; West, P., Inequalities? Social class differentials in health in British youth (1988) Soc Sci Med, 27, pp. 291-296; Arber, S., Comparing inequalities in women's and men's health: Britain in the 1990's (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 773-787; Macran, S., Clarke, L., Sloggett, A., Bethune, A., Women's socioeconomic status and self-assessed health - Identifying some disadvantaged groups (1994) Soc Health III, 16, pp. 182-208; Manderbacka, K., Lahelma, E., Martikainen, P., Examining the continuity of self-rated health (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 208-213; Smith, A.M.A., Shelley, J.M., Dennerstein, L., Self rated health: Biological continuum or social discontinuity (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 77-83; Mackenbach, J.P., Van Den Bos, J., Joung, I.M.A., De Van Mheen, H., Stronks, K., The determinants of excellent health: Different from the determinants of ill-health? (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 1273-1281; McCullagh, P., Regression models for ordinal data (with discussion) (1980) J R Statis Soc B, 42, pp. 109-142; Agresti, A., (1984) Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data, , New York: Wiley; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models (2nd Edn), , London: Chapman and Hall; Anderson, J.A., Philips, P.R., Regression, discrimination, and measurement models for ordered categorical variables (1981) Appl Statist, 30, pp. 22-31; Ananth, C.V., Kleinbaum, D.G., Regression models for ordinal responses: A review of methods and applications (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 1323-1333; Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., (1999) duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socio-economic environment on adult health (1999) Am J Public Health, 7, pp. 1059-1065; Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical Data Analysis, , New York: Wiley; Walker, S.H., Duncan, D.B., Estimation of the probability of an event as a function of several independent variables (1967) Biometrika, 54, pp. 167-179; Feinberg, S., (1980) The Analysis of Cross-Classified Categorical Data, 2nd Edn., , Cambridge MA: MIT Press; Läära, E., Mathews, J.S.N., The equivalence of two models for ordinal data (1985) Biometrika, 72, pp. 206-207; Goodman, L.A., The analysis of dependence in cross-classifications having ordered categories, using log-linear models for frequencies and log-linear models for odds (1983) Biometrics, 39, pp. 149-160; Peterson, B.L., Harrell, F.E., Partial proportional odds models for ordinal response variables (1990) Appl Statis, 39, pp. 205-217; Anderson, J.A., Regression and ordered categorical variables (with discussion) (1984) J R Statist Soc B, 46, pp. 1-30; Fielding, A., Scoring functions for ordered classifications in statistical analysis (1993) Quality Quantity, 27, pp. 1-17; Gilula, Z., Grouping and association in two-way contingency tables: A canonical correlation analytic approach (1986) J Am Stat Ass, 81, pp. 773-779; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Soc Sci Med, 45, pp. 761-771; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh, Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Wax, Y., Collinearity diagnosis for a relative risk regression analysis: An application to assessment of diet-cancer relationship in epidemiological studies (1992) Stat Med, 11, pp. 1273-1287; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, D., (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, , New York: Wiley; Wagstaff, A., Van Doorslaer, E., Measuring inequalities in health in the presence of multiple-category morbidity indicator (1994) Health Econ, 3, pp. 281-291; Armstrong, B.G., Sloan, M., Ordinal regression models for epidemiologic data (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 191-204; Cox, C., Chuang, C., A comparison of chi-square partitioning and two logit analyses of ordinal pain data from a pharmaceutical study (1984) Stat Med, 3, pp. 273-285; Greenwood, G., Farewell, V., A comparison of regression models for ordinal data in an analysis of transplanted-kidney function (1988) Cand J Stat, 16, pp. 325-335; Holtbrugge, W., Schumacher, M., A comparison of regression models for the analysis of ordered categorical data (1991) Appl Stat, 40, pp. 249-259; Pijls, L.T.J., Feskens, E.J.M., Kromhout, D., Self-rated health, mortality and chronic disease in elderly men: The Zutphen study, 1985-1990 (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 138, pp. 840-848; McCallum, J., Shadbolt, B., Wang, D., Self reported health and survival: A 7-year follow up study of Australian elderly (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1100-1105 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034001741&partnerID=40&md5=4a0187c3d0859c51b1e812e9da28d5b1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A prospective study of limiting longstanding illness in early adulthood T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 131 EP - 139 PY - 2000 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Li, L. AU - Manor, O. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Background. Chronic illness and disability are of increasing public health importance but little is known about the lifetime influences involved in their onset and progression. We aim to (i) establish whether an individual's rating of limiting illness is stable over a 10-year period from age 23 to 33; (ii) assess the relationship between childhood and adult disability; and (iii) identify lifecourse influences on limiting illness in early adulthood. Methods. Data were from the 1958 British birth cohort, including the original birth survey and follow-ups at ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 years. Limiting longstanding illness was the outcome at both ages 23 and 33. Potential predictors included childhood health and physical development, socioeconomic conditions in early life and adulthood, and behavioural factors. We estimated the effect of potential explanatory factors using logistic regression, in both univariate and multivariate analyses, separately for limiting illness at 23 and 33 years. Results. Prevalence of limiting illness increased from 5.1% (men) and 4.1% (women) at age 23 to 6% for both sexes at age 33. Risk of limiting illness at age 33 was greater for those reporting an illness at age 23 (29.4%, compared with 4.7% of those without illness), though the majority (66%) of 33-year limiting illnesses had no previous record at age 23 or for childhood. Multivariate analysis of limiting illness at age 23 confirmed the high risk for those with childhood disability and also established two further major predictors, namely, injury (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09-1.86) and intermediate socio-emotional status (adjusted OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.29-2.31). Additional risks were identified for limiting illness at age 33, including: (i) injury in the preceding 10 years (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.18-2.04); (ii) body mass index (BMI), for which the relationship was non-linear, with elevated risks for the underweight (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03-2.26) and overweight (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.87-1.89); (iii) childhood disadvantage at either or both ages 7 and 11 (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07-2.17); and (iv) height at age 7, with a significant non-linear relationship (the adjusted OR for height less than 15th percentile was 1.43 and for height more than the 85th percentile, 1.30). Conclusions. Both childhood and adult factors predict limiting illness in early adulthood. Childhood is important because some adult illnesses originate in early life, and also because childhood environment influences the risk of adult limiting illness several years later. Our findings suggest that studies seeking to understand the causes of limiting illness, that currently tend to focus exclusively on contemporary factors, need also to consider the contribution of environment in early life. KW - Chronic illness KW - Disability KW - Longitudinal cohort KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - child health KW - chronic disease KW - disease course KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - human KW - life event KW - male KW - normal human KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - public health KW - regression analysis KW - risk KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth Weight KW - Child KW - Chronic Disease KW - Disabled Persons KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prevalence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Scotland KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 10750615 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Epidemiology Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Lahelma, E., Manderbacka, K., Rahkonen, O., Karisto, A., Comparisons of inequalities in health: Evidence from national surveys in Finland, Norway and Sweden (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 517-524; Kunst, A.R., Geurts, J.J.M., Van Den Berg, J., International variation in socioeconomic inequalities in self reported health (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 117-123; Dunnell, K., Are we healthier? (1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994, pp. 173-181. , Charlton J, Murphy M (eds). London: The Stationery Office; (1993) 1991 General Household Survey, 22. , London: HMSO; (1995) 1991 Census, , London: HMSO; Mays, N., Chinn, S., Mui Ho, K., Interregional variations in measures of health from the health and lifestyle survey and their relation with indicators of health care need in England (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 38-47; Martin, S., Sheldon, T.A., Smith, P., Interpreting the new illness question in the UK census for health research on small areas (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 634-641; Haynes, R., Bentham, G., Lovett, A., Eimermann, J., Effect of labour market conditions on reporting of limiting long term illness and permanent sickness in england and wales (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 283-288; Upmark, M., Hemmingsson, T., Romelsjo, A., Lundberg, I., Allebeck, P., Predictors of disability pension among young men (1997) Eur J Public Health, 7, pp. 20-28; Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Yusuf, E.J., Burden of disability in a post war birth cohort in the UK (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, pp. 262-269; Stafford, M., Hemingway, H., Stansfeld, S.A., Brunner, E., Marmot, M., Behavioural and biological correlates of physical functioning in middle aged office workers: The UK Whitehall II study (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 353-358; Cox, B.D., Blaxter, M., Buckle, A.L.J., (1987) The Health and Lifestyle Survey, , London: Health Promotion Research Trust; Power, C., Hetzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 210-221; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman Hall; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Essen, J., Wedge, P., (1982) Continuities in Childhood Disadvantage, , London: Heinemann Educational; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape From Disadvantage, , London: Falmer Press/National Children's Bureau; Barker, M., Power, C., Disability in young adults: The role of injuries (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 349-354; Bentham, G., Eimermann, J., Haynes, R., Lovett, A., Brainard, J., Limiting long term illness and its associations with mortality and indicators of social deprivation (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S57-S64; Cohen, G., Forbes, J., Garraway, M., Interpreting self reported limiting long term illness (1995) Br Med J, 311, pp. 722-724; Manor, O., Power, C., (2000) Self Rated Health and Limiting Longstanding Illness: Associations with Specific Health Problems, , Forthcoming; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study (1998) Br Med J, 316, pp. 339-342; Pharoah, P.O.D., Stevenson, C.J., Cooke, R.W.I., Stevenson, R.C., Clinical and subclinical deficits at 8 years in a geographically defined cohort of low birthweight infants (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 264-270; Preece, M.A., Law, C.M., Davies, P.S.W., The growth of children with chronic paediatric disease (1986) Clin Endocrinol Metab, 15, pp. 435-477; Li, L., Roberts, I., Power, C., (2000) Physical and Psychological Effects of Injury: Data from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study, , Forthcoming; Finer, N., Obesity (1997) Br Med Bull, 53 (2), pp. 229-450; Rissanen, A., Heliovaara, M., Knekt, P., Reunanen, A., Aromaa, A., Maatela, J., Risk of disability and mortality due to overweight in a Finnish population (1990) Br Med J, 301, pp. 835-837; (1995) Low Income Statistics: Low Income Families 1989-1992, , London, HMSO; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E., Huuhka, M., Past or present? Childhood living conditions and current socioeconomic status as determinants of adult health (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 327-336; West, P., Health inequalities in the early years: Is there equalisation in youth? (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 833-858; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in pre-war Britain (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 142-152; Dempsey, P.G., Burdorf, A., Webster, B.S., The influence of personal variables on work related low-back disorders and implications for future research (1997) J Occup Med, 39, pp. 748-759; Marmot, M., Wadsworth, M., Fetal and early childhood environment: Long term health implications (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 1-227; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of III Health from Early to Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033993544&partnerID=40&md5=19e5af64b4848e7539efd76852f1cffc ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marital status and mortality in British women: A longitudinal study T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 93 EP - 99 PY - 2000 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, Y.B. AD - Inst. for Human Services Research, Kowloon Central Post Office, Hong Kong, Hong Kong AB - Background. Most previous studies on marital status and mortality did not adjust for the effect of 'marital selection'. Little research has been done about the relation between marital status and mortality in British women, with the exception of research on bereavement. Methods. Subjects consisted of women aged ≥ 35 in a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample. Marital status and covariates were enumerated at a baseline interview in 1984/85 and a follow-up interview in 1991/92. Death data up to May 1997 were obtained from the National Health Service Central Register. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the single, divorced and widowed states in relation to the married state. Results. Having adjusted for age and martial selection factors, being single (HR = 1.45) was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality. Being divorced and being widowed showed no excess mortality risk (each HR = 1.09). Conclusions. Being single was associated with higher mortality. A causal interpretation is plausible. Being divorced and being widowed were not associated with higher mortality. KW - British women KW - Marital status KW - Mortality KW - Selection KW - marriage KW - medical geography KW - mortality KW - womens health KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - divorce KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - interview KW - longitudinal study KW - marriage KW - mortality KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - register KW - widow KW - Causes Of Death--women KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Europe KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Marital Status KW - Mortality--women KW - Northern Europe KW - Nuptiality KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Research Methodology KW - Research Report KW - Studies KW - United Kingdom KW - Women KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cause of Death KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Marital Status KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Neoplasms KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Survival Analysis KW - Women's Health KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :58 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 10750609 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.B.; Institute Human Services Research, Kowloon Central Post Office, PO Box 73815, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; email: ybcheung@vol.net N1 - References: Durkheim, E., (1952) Suicide: A Study in Sociology, , London: Routledge; Joung, I.M.A., Van De Mheen, H.D., Sronks, K., Van Poppel, F.W.A., Mackenback, J.P., A longitudinal study of health selection in marital transition (1998) Soc Sci Med, 46, pp. 425-435; Lillard, L.A., Panis, C.W.A., Marital status and mortality: The role of health (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 313-327; Mastekaasa, A., Marriage and psychological well-being: Some evidence on selection into marriage (1992) J Marriage Family, 54, pp. 901-911; Cheung, Y.B., Can marital selection explain the differences in health between married and divorced people? (1998) Public Health, 112, pp. 113-117; Cheung, Y.B., Sloggett, A., Health and adverse selection into marriage: Evidence from a study of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Public Health, 112, pp. 309-311; Fu, H., Goldman, N., Incorporating health into models of marriage choice: Demographic and sociological perspectives (1996) J Marriage Family, 58, pp. 740-758; Kiernan, K., (1987) Demographic Experience in Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study, , PhD thesis. London: University of London; Kiernan, K., Who remains childless? (1989) J Biosoc Sci, 21, pp. 387-398; Martikainen, P., Valkonen, T., Mortality after death of spouse in relation to duration of bereavement in Finland (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 264-268; Hemstrom, O., Is marriage dissolution linked to differences in mortality risks for men and women? (1996) J Marriage Family, 58, pp. 366-378; Kaprio, J., Sarna, S., Fogelholm, M., Koskenvuo, M., Total and occupationally actve life expectancies in relation to social class and marital status in men classified as healthy at 20 in Finland (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 653-660; Korenman, S., Goldman, N., Fu, H., Misclassification bias in estimates of bereavement effects (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 995-1002; Young, M., Benjamin, B., Wallis, C., The mortality of widowers (1965) Lancet, 2, pp. 454-456; Bowling, A., Mortality after bereavement: A review of the literature on survival periods and factors affecting survival (1987) Soc Sci Med, 24, pp. 117-124; Bowling, A., Windsor, J., Death after widow(er)hood: An analysis of mortality rates up to 13 years after bereavement (1995) Omega J Death Dying, 31, pp. 35-49; Stroebe, M.S., Stroebe, W., Gergen, K.J., Gergen, M., The broken heart: Reality or myth? (1981) Omega J Death Dying, 12, pp. 87-104; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Smith, G.D., Shipley, M., Marmot, M.G., Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 200-205; Ebrahim, S., Wannametee, G., McCallum, A., Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Marital status, change in marital status, and mortality in middle-aged British men (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 834-842; Hu, Y., Goldman, N., Mortality differentials by marital status: An international comparison (1990) Demography, 27, pp. 233-250; Hajdu, P., Mckee, M., Bojan, F., Changes in premature mortality differentials by marital status in Hungary and in England and Wales (1995) Eur J Public Health, 5, pp. 259-264; Kiernan, K., Partnership behaviour in Europe: Recent trends and issues (1996) Europe's Population in the 1990s, pp. 62-91. , Coleman D (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Grundy, E., Population ageing in Europe (1996) Europe's Population in the 1990s, pp. 267-296. , Coleman D (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Cox, B.D., Blaxter, M., Buckle, A.L.J., (1987) The Health and Lifestyle Survey, , London: Health Promotion Research Trust; Cox, B.D., Huppert, F.A., Whichelow, M.J., (1993) The Health and Lifestyle Survey: Seven Years On, , Aldershot: Dartmouth; Gershuny, J., Brice, J., Looking backwards: Family and work 1900 to 1992 (1994) Changing Households: The BHPS 1990 to 1992, pp. 27-60. , Buck N, Gershuny J, Rose D, Scott J (eds). Essex: ESRC Research Centre on Microsocial Change; Idler, E.L., Benyamini, Y., Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies (1997) J Health Soc Behavior, 38, pp. 21-37; Tanner, J.M., Growth as a measure of the nutritional and hygienic status of a population (1992) Harm Res, 38 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 106-115; Macintyre, S., West, P., Social, developmental and health correlates of 'attractiveness' in adolescence (1991) Social Health Illness, 13, pp. 152-167; Leon, D.A., Smith, G.D., Shipley, M., Strachan, D., Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage? (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 5-9; Peck, A.M.N., Vagero, D.H., Adult body height, self perceived health and mortality in the Swedish population (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 380-384; Strand, G.C., Garr, M.S., Driving under the influence (1994) The Generality of Deviance, pp. 131-148. , Hirschi T, Gottfredson MR (ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction; (1989) That's the Limit A Guide to Sensible Drinking, , London: Health Education Authority; Shaper, A.G., The 'unhealthy abstainers' question is still important (1995) Addiction, 90, pp. 488-490; Grambsch, P.M., Therneau, T.M., Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals (1994) Biometrika, 81, pp. 515-526; (1998) Marriage, Divorce and Adoption Statistics. Series FM 2, No. 23. England and Wales, , London: The Stationery Office, Table 3.12; (1998) Marriage, Divorce and Adoption Statistics. Series FM 2, No. 23. England and Wales, , London: The Stationery Office, Table 4.1; Miller-Tutzauer, C., Leonard, K.E., Windle, M., Marriage and alcohol use: A longitudinal study of 'maturing out' (1991) J Stud Alcohol, 52, pp. 434-440; Umberson, D., Gender, marital status and the social control of health behaviour (1992) Soc Sci Med, 34, pp. 907-917; Jones, D.R., Heart disease mortality following widowhood: Some results from the OPCS Longitudinal Study (1987) J Psychosom Res, 31, pp. 325-333; Fox, J., Goldblatt, P., (1982) OPCS Longitudinal Study, 1971-5, Socio-Demographic Mortality Differentials, 1. , Series LS, London: HMSO; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death - Specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Jones, D.R., Goldblatt, P.O., Leon, D.A., Bereavement and cancer: Some data on deaths of spouses from the Longitudinal Study of Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1984) Br Med J, 289, pp. 461-464 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034003310&partnerID=40&md5=8847846055e840bf1c753f42d8b44832 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The age of onset of schizophrenia and the theory of anticipation T2 - Psychiatry Research J2 - Psychiatry Res. VL - 93 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 134 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00103-7 SN - 01651781 (ISSN) AU - Stompe, T. AU - Ortwein-Swoboda, G. AU - Strobl, R. AU - Friedmann, A. AD - Department for Social Psychiatry, University Clinic Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria AD - Department for General Psychiatry, University Clinic Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria AB - The clinical phenomenon called anticipation is usually defined as a decrease in age at onset and/or an increase in disease severity in successive generations of afflicted families. The purpose of this study was to examine variables that might influence anticipation in schizophrenia. A total of 380 Austrian patients, born between 1935 and 1964, met criteria for schizophrenia with ICD-8 or ICD-9, SADS-L and DSM-III-R criteria. The inclusion criteria also required medical records of patients to contain information about the year of birth, season of birth, age at onset, accidents or meningoencephalitic diseases during childhood, first- and second-degree relatives afflicted with schizophrenia, sibship size, sib order, education of patient, age of parents, occupation of parents, loss of parents, and place of residence. A Cox multiple-regression analysis showed three factors as having a significant influence on the age of disease onset, including year of birth (which had the largest influence), family history (sporadic cases showed an onset 2 years later than familial cases) and residence (urban dwellers showed psychotic symptoms approximately 1 year sooner than rural ones). A Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis showed that younger cohorts had onset approximately 10 years earlier in sporadic and familial cases. This cohort effect might be a major source of bias in studies of anticipation. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. KW - Age of onset of schizophrenia KW - Anticipation KW - Birth cohort effect KW - accident KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - anticipation KW - article KW - Austria KW - birth KW - childhood disease KW - cohort analysis KW - disease severity KW - familial disease KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical record KW - meningoencephalitis KW - onset age KW - parent KW - patient education KW - priority journal KW - rating scale KW - regression analysis KW - rural area KW - schizophrenia KW - season KW - survival KW - theory KW - urban area KW - Adult KW - Age of Onset KW - Anticipation, Genetic KW - Austria KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Cohort Studies KW - Family KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Pregnancy KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Schizophrenia KW - Survival Analysis KW - Urban Population N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSRSD C2 - 10725529 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Stompe, T.; Department for Social Psychiatry, University Clinic Vienna, Wahringer Gurtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria N1 - References: Bassett, A.S., Honer, W.G., Evidence for anticipation in schizophrenia (1994) American Journal for Human Genetics, 54, pp. 864-870; Bassett, A.S., Husted, J., Anticipation or ascertainment bias in schizophrenia? Penrose's familial mental illness sample (1997) Amrican Journal for Human Genetics, 60, pp. 630-637; Beckmann, H., Jakob, H., Prenatal development disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenia (1991) Journal of Neural Transmission, 65, pp. 303-326; Bernstein, H.G., Krell, D., Baumann, B., Danos, P., Falkai, P., Diekmann, S., Henning, H., Bogerts, B., Morphometric studies of the entorhinal cortex in neuropsychiatric patients and controls: Clusters of heterotopically displaced lamina II neurons are not indicative of schizophrenia (1998) Schizophrenia Research, 33, pp. 125-132; Brook, J.D., McCurrach, M.E., Harley, H.G., Buckler, A.J., Chruch, D., Aburatani, H., Hunter, K., Housman, D.E., Molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy: Expansion of a trinucleotide CTG repeat at the 3′ end of transcript encoding a protein kinase family member (1992) Cell, 68, pp. 799-808; Dalen, P., (1975) Season of Birth: A Study of Schizophrenia and Other Mental Disorders, , Amsterdam: Elsevier; Decina, P., Mukherjee, S., Lucas, L., Linder, J., Horwath, E., Patterns of illness in parent-child pairs both hospitalized for either schizophrenia or a major mood disorder (1991) Psychiatry Research, 39, pp. 81-87; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shephard, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) British Medical Journal, 29, pp. 1576-1580; Franzek, E., Beckmann, H., Gene-environment interaction in schizophrenia: Season-of-birth effect reveals the existence of etiologically different subgroups (1996) Psychopathology, 29, pp. 14-26; Fu, Y.H., Pizutti, A., Fenwick, R., King, J., Rainarayan, S., Dunne, P., Dubel, J., Caskey, C., An unstable triplet repeat in a gene related to myotonic muscular dystrophy (1992) Science, 25, pp. 1256-1258; Galdos, P.M., Van Os, J.J., Murray, R.M., Puberty and the onset of psychosis (1993) Schizophrenia Research, 10, pp. 7-14; Heiden, A., Willinger, U., Scharfetter, J., Meszaros, K., Kasper, S., Aschauer, H.N., Anticipation in schizophrenia (1999) Schizophrenia Research, 35, pp. 25-32; A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes (1993) Cell, 72, pp. 971-983; Jakob, H., Beckmann, H., Prenatal disturbances of nerve cell migration in the enterohinal region: A common vulnerability factor in functional psychosis? (1986) Journal of Neural Transmission, 84, pp. 155-164; Janzarik, W., (1988) Strukturdynamische Grundlagen der Psychiatrie, , Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke Verlag; Kay, D.K.W., Late paraphrenia and its bearing on the aetiology of schizophrenia (1963) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 39, pp. 159-169; Kleining, G., Moore, H., Soziale Selbsteinstufung (SSE) (1968) Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 20, pp. 502-552; La Spada, A., Roling, D., Harding, A., Warner, C., Spiegel, R., Hausmanova-Petrusewics, I., Yee, W.S., Fischbeck, K., Meiotic stability and genotype-phenotype correlation of trinucleotide repeat in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (1992) Nature Genetics, 2, pp. 301-304; Morel, B.A., (1858) Traite des Degenerescences, , Paris: JB Bailliere; Morris, A.G., Gaitonde, E., McKenna, P.J., Mollon, J.D., Hunt, D.M., CAG repeat expansions and schizophrenia: Association with disease in females and with early age-at-onset (1995) Human Molecular Genetics, 10, pp. 1957-1961; Mott, F.W., Hereditary aspects of nerval and mental diseases (1910) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 1013-1020; O'Callaghan, E., Gibson, T., Colohan, H., Buckley, P., Walshe, D.G., Larkin, C., Waddington, J.L., Risk of schizophrenia in adults born after obstetric complications and their association with early onset of illness: A controlled study (1992) British Medical Journal, 305, pp. 1256-1259; O'Donovan, M.C., Guy, C., Craddock, N., Bowen, P., McKeon, P., Macedo, A., Maier, W., Owen, M.J., Confirmation of association between expanded CAG/CTG repeats and both schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (1996) Psychological Medicine, 26, pp. 1145-1153; (1997) Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Republik Österreich, 48. , Jahrgang, Neue Folge; Owen, M.O., Lewis, S.H., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A computed tomographic study (1988) Psychological Medicine, 18, pp. 331-339; Pearlson, G.D., Garbacz, D.J., Moberg, P.J., Ahn, H.S., De Paulo, J.R., Symptomatic, familial, perinatal and social correlates of computerized axial tomography (CAT) changes in schizophrenics and bipolars (1985) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, pp. 42-50; Penrose, L.S., The problem of anticipation in pedigrees of dystrophia myotonica (1948) Annals of Eugenics, 14, pp. 125-172; Pollack, M., Greenberg, I.M., Perinatal complications in hospitalized schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic patients and their siblings (1986) Journal of Hillside Hospital, 15, pp. 191-204; Risch, N.J., Mapping genes for psychiatric disorders (1994) Genetic Approach to Mental Disorders, pp. 47-63. , E.S. Gershon, & C.P. Cloninger. Washington, DC, London: American Psychiatric Press; Spitzer, R.L., Endicott, J., (1978) Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, , Lifetime Version (SADS-L). Department of Research Assessment and Training, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; Stöber, G., Franzek, E., Beckmann, H., Pregnancy and birth complications in distinct schizophrenic subgroups (1992) European Psychiatry, 7, pp. 147-152; Stöber, G., Franzek, E., Lesch, K.P., Beckmann, H., Periodic catatonia: A schizophrenic subtype with major gene effect and anticipation (1995) European Archives for Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 245 (3), pp. 135-141; Tanner, J.M., Earlier maturation in man (1968) Scientific American, 218, pp. 21-27; Thibaut, F., Martinez, M., Petit, M., Jay, M., Campion, D., Further evidence for anticipation in schizophrenia (1995) Psychiatry Research, 59, pp. 25-33; Yaw, J., Myles-Worsley, M., Hoff, M., Holik, J., Freedman, R., Byerley, W., Coon, H., Anticipation in multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees (1996) Psychiatric Genetics, 6, pp. 7-11 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034611221&doi=10.1016%2fS0165-1781%2800%2900103-7&partnerID=40&md5=84bb09f6394cdd024e98e6798b2f049b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Back pain and obesity in the 1958 British birth cohortcause or effect? T2 - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology J2 - J. Clin. Epidemiol. VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 245 EP - 250 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00155-9 SN - 08954356 (ISSN) AU - Lake, J.K. AU - Power, C. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Hlth., Inst. Child Hlth., 30 Guilford S., London, United Kingdom AB - An association between obesity and back pain has been observed, but the underlying causal direction is uncertain. We examined the temporal sequence among back pain, BMI, and weight gain using data from the 1958 British birth cohort followed to age 33 (4395 men and 4468 women). Heights and weights were measured at ages 7 and 33, and self-reported at age 23. Back pain was classified as: chronic, incident, early onset but recovered, and never. Those with chronic pain gained more weight between ages 23 and 33 than those with no pain, significantly for women (7.39 kg vs. 6.29 kg). Women who were obese at age 23 years had an elevated risk of subsequent back pain onset (32-33 years) (adjusted OR = 1.78). No significant relationships were found for men. The risk of pain onset among women was evident in relation to BMI at baseline (age 23) and cannot therefore be explained by an effect of back pain on adiposity. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. KW - Back pain KW - BMI KW - Longitudinal study KW - Obesity KW - Weight gain KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - backache KW - body weight KW - chronic pain KW - disease association KW - female KW - height KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - United Kingdom KW - weight gain KW - Adult KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Back Pain KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Chronic Disease KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Weight Gain N1 - Cited By :82 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JCEPE C2 - 10760633 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Mason, V., (1994) The Prevalence of Back Pain in Great Britain (OPCS), , London: HMSO; McCormick, A., Fleming, D., Charlton, J., Morbidity Statistics from General Practice (1995) Fourth National Study 1991-1992 (OPCS), , London: HMSO; Liira, J.P., Shannon, H.S., Chambers, L.W., Haines, T.A., Long-term back problems and physical work exposures in the 1990 Ontario Health Survey (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 382-387; Croft, P.R., Rigby, A.S., Socioeconomic influences on back problems in the community in Britain (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, pp. 166-170; Walsh, K., Cruddas, M., Coggan, D., Low back pain in eight areas of Britain (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 227-230; Kuh, D.J.L., Coggan, D., Mann, S., Cooper, C., Yusuf, E., Height, occupation and back pain in a national prospective study (1993) Br J Rheumatol, 32, pp. 1-6; Deyo, R.A., Bass, J.E., Lifestyle and low back pain: The influence of smoking and obesity (1989) Spine, 14, pp. 501-506; Croft, P.R., Papageorgiou, A.C., Ferry, S., Thomas, E., Jayson, M.I.V., Silman, A.J., Psychologic distress and low back pain: Evidence from a prospective study in the general population (1996) Spine, 20, pp. 2731-2737; Han, T.S., Schouten, J.S.A.G., Lean, M.E.J., Seidell, J.C., The prevalence of low back pain and associations with body fatness, fat distribution and height (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 600-607; Garzillo, M.J.D., Garzillo, T.A.F., Does obesity cause low back pain? (1994) J Manipul Physiol Ther, 17 (9), pp. 601-604; Aro, S., Leino, P., Overweight and musculoskeletal morbidity: A ten year follow-up (1985) Int J Obes, 9, pp. 267-275; Garrow, J.S., Importance of obesity (1991) Br Med J, 303, pp. 704-706; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri. London: National Children's Bureau; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Young Adults in Great Britain, , London: HMSO; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longsmans; Walsh, K., Coggon, D., Reproducibility of histories of low-back pain obtained by self-administered questionnaire (1991) Spine, 16 (9), pp. 1075-1077; Cade, J.E., Margetts, B.M., Relationship between diet and smoking - is the diet of smokers different? (1991) J Epidemiol Community Health, 45, pp. 270-272; Fehily, A.M., Phillips, K.M., Yarnell, J.W.G., Diet, smoking social class, and body mass index in the Caerphilly Heart Disease Study (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 40, pp. 827-833; Shimokata, H., Muller, D.C., Andres, R., Studies in the distribution of body fat. III. Effects of cigarette smoking (1989) JAMA, 261 (8), pp. 1169-1173; Rissanen, A.M., Heliovaara, M., Knekt, P., Reunanen, A., Aromaa, A., Determinants of weight gain and overweight in adult Finns (1991) Eur J Clin Nutr, 45, pp. 419-430; Stamford, B.A., Matter, S., Fell, R.D., Papane, P., Effects of smoking cessation on weight gain, metabolic rate, caloric consumption, and blood lipids (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 43, pp. 486-494; Garrow, J.S., Lower energy expenditure as an aggravating factor in crippling obesity (1979) Medical Complications of Obesity, , M. Mancini, B. Lewis, & F. Contaldo. London: Academic Press; Power, C., Health related behaviour (1995) The Health of Our Children, pp. 42-60. , B. Botting. London: HMSO; Hemingway, H., Shipley, M., Stansfeld, S., Shannon, H., Frank, J., Brunner, E., Are risk factors for atherothrombotic disease associated with back pain sickness absence? the Whitehall II study (1999) J Epidemiol Community Health, 53, pp. 197-203; Rissanen, A., Heliovaara, M., Knekt, P., Reunanen, A., Aromaa, A., Maatela, J., Risk of disability and mortality due to overweight in a Finnish population (1990) Br Med J, 301, pp. 835-837 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034105658&doi=10.1016%2fS0895-4356%2899%2900155-9&partnerID=40&md5=451fe7a67f5a04703f7c52d46002370f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing the relationships between gender, chronicity, seriousness, and offense skewness in criminal offending T2 - Journal of Criminal Justice J2 - J. Crim. Justice VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 103 EP - 115 PY - 2000 SN - 00472352 (ISSN) AU - Piquero, A.R. AD - Nat. Consortium on Violence Res., Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States AB - Across a variety of data sources, countries, cities, and time periods, researchers have consistently documented the existence of a chronic offender. Such offenders comprise a small percentage of cohort members, but are responsible for a large proportion of criminal offenses, including violent offenses. This research has provided useful descriptive information on criminal careers leading to the development of theoretical accounts and controversial public policies, though there are two limitations of this line of research. The first is the highly skewed distribution of offending rates. The second is that little is known about the existence of the chronic female offender. The present research attempted to overcome these limitations, using data from the Philadelphia Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) Birth Cohort, in an effort to provide descriptive information on whether chronic offenders are the most serious offenders, and the extent to which the relationship between chronicity and seriousness is invariant across gender. In addition, this research used a measure of offense skewness that allows for meaningful comparisons of offense skewness both within and across data sources. The results suggest that: (1) a small group of offenders is responsible for a large proportion of the offenses, and (2) relative to one-time and recidivist offenders (2-4 offenses), chronic offenders (5+ offenses) are more likely to display an early onset of offending as well as participate in violent offending. These two results were invariant across gender. When examining measures of offense skewness, the results suggested that, while the Philadelphia CPP had slightly lower offense skewness than the 1958 Philadelphia birth cohort, males had higher offense skewness compared to females. Implications for future research were also addressed. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JCJUD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Piquero, A.R.; Nat. Consortium on Violence Res., Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States; email: apiquero@nimbus.ocis.temple.edu N1 - References: Abrahamse, A.F., Ebener, P.A., Greenwood, P.W., Fitzgerald, N., Kosin, T.E., An experimental evaluation of the Phoenix repeat offender program (1991) Just Quar, 8, pp. 140-168; Baskin, D.R., Sommers, I.B., (1998) Casualties of Community Disorder: Women's Careers in Violent Crime, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Blumstem, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J.A., Visher, C.A., (1986) Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals.", , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Bushway, S., Piquero, A., Mazerolle, P., Broidy, L., Cauffman, E., (1999) A Developmental Framework for Empirical Research on Desistance, , Unpubl. ms. College Park, MD; Capaldi, D.M., Patterson, G.R., Can violent offenders be distinguished from frequent offenders: Prediction from childhood to adolescence (1996) J Res Crime & Del, 33 (2), pp. 206-231; Chaiken, J.M., Chaiken, M., (1982) Varieties of Criminal Behavior, , Santa Monica, CA: Rand; Dean, C., Brame, R., Piquero, A., Criminal propensities, discrete groups of offenders, and persistence in crime (1996) Crim, 34 (4), pp. 547-574; Decker, S.H., Salert, B., Predicting the career criminal: An empirical test of the Greenwood scale (1988) J Crim Law & Crim, 77, pp. 215-236; Denno, D.W., Human biology and criminal responsibility: Free will or free ride (1988) U PA Law Rev, 137 (2), pp. 615-671; Denno, D.W., (1990) Biology and Violence, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Elliott, D.S., 1993 presidential address, serious violent offenders: Onset, developmental course, and termination (1994) Crim, 32 (1), pp. 1-21; English, K., Self-reported crime rates of women prisoners (1993) J Quant Crim, 9 (4), pp. 357-382; Ezell, M.E., Cohen, L.E., Age, crime, and crime control policies: A longitudinal analysis of youthful, serious, chronic offenders with implications for "three strikes" legislation (1997) Stud Crime & Crime Prev, 6 (2), pp. 169-199; Farrington, D.P., Self-reports of deviant behavior: Predictive and stable? (1973) J Crim Law & Crim, 64, pp. 99-110; Farrington, D.P., The family backgrounds of aggressive youth (1978) Aggression and Antisocial Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence, pp. 73-93. , L. Hersov, M. Berger & D. Shaffer (Eds.). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press; Farrington, D.P., Offending from ten to twenty-five years of age (1983) Prospective Studies of Crime and Delinquency, pp. 17-37. , K. T. VanDusen & S. A. Mednick (Eds.). Boston, MA: Kluwer-Nijhoff; Farrington, D.P., Self-reported and official offending from adolescence to adulthood (1989) Cross-National Research in Self-Reported Crime and Delinquency, pp. 399-423. , M. W. Klein (Ed.). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Farrington, D.P., Childhood aggression and adult violence: Early precursors and later-life outcomes (1991) The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression, pp. 5-29. , D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; Farrington, D.P., Predictors, causes, and correlates of male youth violence (1998) Youth Violence: Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, pp. 421-475. , M. Tonry & M. H. Moore (Eds.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Farrington, D.P., Loeber, R., Elliott, D.S., Hawkins, J.D., Kandel, D.B., Klein, M.W., McCord, J., Tremblay, R.E., Advancing knowledge about the onset of delinquency and crime (1990) Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, pp. 283-342. , B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.). New York: Plenum Press; Farrington, D.P., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W.B., Schmidt, L., Self-reported delinquency and a combined delinquency seriousness scale based on boys, mothers, and teachers: Concurrent and predictive validity for African Americans and Caucasians (1996) Crim, 34 (4), pp. 493-517; Fox, J.A., Tracy, P.E., A measure of skewness in offense distributions (1988) J Quant Crim, 4 (3), pp. 259-273; Gottfredson, M.R., Hirschi, T., (1990) A General Theory of Crime, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; Greenwood, P.W., (1983) Selective Incapacitation, , Santa Monica, CA: Rand; Guttndge, P., Gabnelli W.F., Jr., Mednick, S., VanDusen, K.T., Criminal violence in a birth cohort (1983) Prospective Studies of Crime and Delinquency, pp. 211-224. , K. T. VanDusen, & S. Mednick (Eds.). Boston, MA: Kluwer-Nijhoff; Hamparian, D.M., Schuster, R., Dinitz, S., Conrad, J., (1978) The Violent Few: A Study of Dangerous Offenders, , Lexington, MA: D.C. Health; Hindelang, M., Hirschi, T., Weis, J., (1981) Measuring Delinquency, , Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications; Hirschi, T., Gottfredson, M.R., Control theory and life-course perspective (1995) Stud Crime & Crime Prev, 4 (2), pp. 131-142; Howell, J., Hawkins, J.D., Prevention of youth violence (1998) Youth Violence: Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, pp. 263-315. , M. Tonry & M. H. Moore (Eds.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Klein, M., Offense specialization and versatility among juveniles (1984) Br J Crim, 24, pp. 185-194; Lauritsen, J.L., The age-crime debate: Assessing the limits of longitudinal self-report data (1998) Soc Forces, 77 (1), pp. 127-155; LeBlanc, M., Screening of serious and violent juvenile offenders: Identification, classification, and prediction (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, pp. 167-193. , R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; LeBlanc, M., Frechette, M., (1989) Male Criminal Activity from Childhood Through Youth, , New York: Springer-Verlag; Lipsitt, P.D., Buka, S.L., Lipsett, L.P., Early intelligence scores and subsequent delinquency: A prospective study (1990) Am J Fam Ther, 18 (2), pp. 197-208; Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Executive summary (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, pp. 19-25. , R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., The development of offending (1996) Crim Just & Behav, 23 (1), pp. 12-24; Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Waschbusch, D.A., Serious and violent juvenile offenders (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, pp. 13-39. , R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W.B., (1998) Antisocial Behavior and Mental Health Problems, , Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Maher, L., Daly, K., Women in the street-level drug economy: Continuity or change? (1996) Crim, 34 (4), pp. 465-491; Moffitt, T.E., Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy (1993) Psych Bul, 100, pp. 674-701; Moffitt, T.E., Capsi, A., Dickson, N., Silva, P., Stanton, W., Childhood-versus adolescent-onset antisocial conduct problems in males: Natural history from ages three to eighteen years (1996) Dev & Psychopath, 8, pp. 399-424; Morris, N., Miller, M., Predictions of dangerousness (1985) Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, pp. 1-50. , M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Nevares, D., Wolfgang, M.E., Tracy, P.E., (1990) Delinquency in Puerto Rico: The 1970 Birth Cohort Study, , New York: Greenwood Press; Niswander, K.R., Gordon, M., (1972) Women and their Pregnancies, , Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Patterson, G.R., Crosby, L., Vuchinich, S., Predicting risk for early police arrest (1992) J Quant Crim, 8 (4), pp. 335-355; Piper, E.S., Violent recidivism and chronicity in the 1958 Philadelphia cohort (1985) J Quant Crim, 1 (4), pp. 319-344; Piquero, A., (1999) Do Frequent-violent Offenders Possess the Same Characteristics as Frequent-nonviolent Offenders? Implacations for Criminological Theories, , Unpubl. ms. Philadelphia, PA; Piquero, A., Tibbetts, S.G., The impact of pre-perinatal complications and disadvantaged environment in predicting criminal offending (1999) Stud Crime & Crime Prev, 8 (1), pp. 52-70; Piquero, A., Paternoster, R., Mazerolle, P., Brame, R., Dean, C.W., Onset age and offense specialization (1999) J Res Crime & Del, 36 (3), pp. 275-299; Pulkkinen, L., Delinquent development: Theoretical and empirical considerations (1988) Studies of Psychosocial Risk, pp. 184-199. , M. Rutter (Ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Reiss A.J., Jr., Roth, J.A., (1993) Understanding and Preventing Violence, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Sampson, R.J., Laub, J.H., Understanding variability in lives through time: Contributions of life-course criminology (1995) Stud Crime & Crime Prev, 4 (2), pp. 143-158; Sellin, T., Wolfgang, M.E., (1964) The Measurement of Delinquency, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; Shannon, L.W., (1980) Assessing the Relationship of Adult Criminal Careers to Juvenile Careers, , Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; Snyder, H.N., Appendix: Serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders - An assessment of the extent of and trends in officially recognized serious criminal behavior in a delinquent population (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, pp. 428-444. , R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; Spelman, W., (1994) Criminal Incapacitation, , New York: Plenum Press; Stafford, M.C., Warr, M., A reconceptualization of general and specific deterrence (1993) J Res Crime & Del, 30 (2), pp. 123-135; Tibbetts, S.G., Piquero, A., The influence of gender, low birth weight, and disadvantaged environment in predicting early onset of offending: A test of Moffitt's interactional hypothesis (1999) Crim, 37, pp. 843-877; Tolan, P.H., Gorman-Smith, D., Development of serious and violent offending careers (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, pp. 68-85. , R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; Tracy, P.E., Kempf-Leonard, K., (1996) Continuity and Discontinuity in Criminal Careers, , New York: Plenum Press; Tracy, P.E., Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., (1990) Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, , New York: Plenum Press; Visher, C.A., The rand inmate survey: A re-analysis (1986) Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals", pp. 161-211. , A. Blumstein, J. Cohen, J. A. Roth & C. A. Visher (Eds.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Weis, J.G., Issues in the measurement of criminal careers (1986) Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals", pp. 1-51. , A. Blumstein, J. Cohen, J. A. Roth & C. A. Visher (Eds.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Weitekamp, E.G.M., Kerner, H.J., Schindler, V., Schubert, A., On the "dangerousness" of chronic/habitual offenders: A re-analysis of the 1945 Philadelphia birth cohort data (1995) Stud Crime & Crime Prev, 4 (2), pp. 159-175; Wikstrom, P.O.H., (1985) Everyday Violence in Contemporary Sweden, , Stockholm: National Council for Crime Prevention; Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., Sellin, T., (1972) Delinquency in a Birth Cohort, , Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., Tracy, P.E., Singer, S., (1985) National Survey of Crime Severity, , Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034148194&partnerID=40&md5=4eeb4a2bd8ed06dd15a264367a7dc007 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early determinants of inflammatory bowel disease: Use of two national longitudinal birth cohorts T2 - European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology J2 - Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 30 PY - 2000 SN - 0954691X (ISSN) AU - Thompson, N.P. AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AU - Pounder, R.E. AU - Wakefield, A.J. AD - Inflammatory Bowel Dis. Stud. Group, Roy. Free Hosp. School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom AD - MRC Natl. Survey of Hlth./Devmt., University College, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free Hosp. School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To examine previously cited early risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. Design: The 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) and the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) are on-going, longitudinal birth cohort studies. A nested case-control design was used combining data from both cohorts; eight controls per case, matched for gender and social class, were selected randomly. Methods: Data concerning maternal infection in pregnancy (NCDS only), childhood infection (measles, mumps and whooping cough), birth order, appendicectomy, breastfeeding and measures of poor housing conditions in childhood were analysed. In both cohorts, the member's hospital physician or medical records were used to confirm the diagnosis. Results: Twenty-six cases of Crohn's disease and 29 cases of ulcerative colitis were identified. No significant association was found between the development of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and any of the studied factors. There was a trend that those with Crohn's disease were more likely not to have been breast-fed (OR 0.4, 95 CI 0.15-1.03) and not to have had an appendicectomy (OR < 1.00). The opposite was true of those with ulcerative colitis (OR 2.76, 95 CI 0.86-9.81 and OR 2.34, 95 CI 0.69-7.46, respectively). The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease was 5.12/1000 by the age of 43 years in NSHD and 2.02-2.54/1000 by the age of 33 years in NCDS. Conclusions: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in these cohorts is among the highest recorded in Europe. Childhood factors may be different for those with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These cohorts will be increasingly valuable data sources. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. KW - Crohn's disease KW - Risk factors KW - Ulcerative colitis KW - adult KW - appendectomy KW - article KW - birth order KW - breast feeding KW - case control study KW - child KW - childhood disease KW - clinical article KW - cohort analysis KW - enteritis KW - female KW - housing KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - maternal welfare KW - measles KW - mumps KW - onset age KW - pertussis KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - social class KW - ulcerative colitis KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cohort Studies KW - Colitis, Ulcerative KW - Crohn Disease KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Medical Records KW - Odds Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :50 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJGHE C2 - 10656206 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wakefield, A.J.; Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Gilat, T., Hacohen, D., Lilos, P., Langman, M.J.S., Childhood factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (1987) Scand J Gastroenterol, 22, pp. 1009-1024; Wurzelman, J.I., Lyles, C.M., Sandler, R.S., Childhood infections and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (1994) Dig Dis Sci, 39, pp. 555-560; Persson, P.-G., Leijonmarck, C.-E., Bernell, O., Hellers, G., Ahlbom, A., Risk indicators for inflammatory bowel disease (1993) Int J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 268-272; Ekbom, A., Adami, H.-O., Helmick, C.G., Jonzon, A., Zack, M.M., Perinatal risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 1111-1119; Ekbom, A., Daszak, P.S., Kraaz, W., Wakefield, A.J., Crohn's disease after in-utero measles exposure (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 508-510; Nielsen, L.L.W., Nielsen, N.M., Melbye, M., Sodermann, M., Jacobsen, M., Aaby, P., Exposure to measles in utero and Crohn's disease: Danish register study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 196-197; Acheson, E.D., Truelove, S.C., Early weaning in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis (1961) BMJ, 2, pp. 929-933; Whorwell, P.J., Holdstock, G., Whorwell, G.M., Wright, R., Bottle feeding, early gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease (1979) BMJ, 1, p. 382; Bergstrand, O., Hellers, G., Breast-feeding during infancy in patients who later develop Crohn's disease (1983) Scand J Gastroenterol, 18, pp. 903-906; Koletzko, S., Sherman, P., Corey, M., Griffiths, A., Smith, C., Role of infant feeding practices in development of Crohn's disease in childhood (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 1617-1618; Rigas, A., Rigas, B., Glassman, M., Yen, Y.Y., Lan, S.J., Petridou, E., Breastfeeding and maternal smoking in the etiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in childhood (1993) Ann Epidemiol, 3, pp. 387-392; Koletzko, S., Griffiths, A., Corey, M., Smith, C., Sherman, P., Infant feeding practices and ulcerative colitis in childhood (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1580-1581; Thompson, N.P., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Perinatal and childhood risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (1995) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 7, pp. 385-390; Gruber, M., Marshall, J.R., Zielezny, M., Lance, P., A case-control study to examine the influence of maternal perinatal behaviours on the incidence of Crohn's disease (1996) Gastroenterology Nursing, 19, pp. 53-59; Gent, A.E., Hellier, M.D., Grace, R.H., Swarbrick, E.T., Coggon, D., Inflammatory bowel disease and domestic hygiene in infancy (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 766-767; Sandler, R.S., Appendicectomy and ulcerative colitis (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 1797-1798; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33, , London: National Children's Bureau; Riis, P., Differential diagnosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and other disorders, including diverticular disease (1990) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2nd Edn., , Allan RN, Keighley MRB, Alexander-Williams J, Hawkins C (editors). London: Churchill Livingstone; Ekbom, A., Wakefield, A.J., Zack, M., Adami, H.O., The role of perinatal measles infection in the aetiology of Crohn's disease: A population based epidemiological study (1994) Lancet, 334, pp. 508-510; Sandier, R.S., Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (1994) Inflammatory Bowel Disease from Bench to Bedside, p. 10. , Targan SR, Shanahan F (editors). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; Thompson, N.P., Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Measles vaccination: A risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease? (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1071-1073; Duggan, A.E., Usmani, I., Neal, K.R., Logan, R.F.A., Childhood domestic hygiene, Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease: Is there an association? (1995) Gut, 36 (SUPPL. 1), pp. A12 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033969049&partnerID=40&md5=0c62658f393040c27531815cd2538d64 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age: Twenty-six-year follow-up of the 1970 British Birth Cohort T2 - Journal of the American Medical Association J2 - J. Am. Med. Assoc. VL - 283 IS - 5 SP - 625 EP - 632 PY - 2000 SN - 00987484 (ISSN) AU - Strauss, R.S. AD - Div. Pediat. Gastroenterol. Nutr., Univ. of Med. and Dent. New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl, CN-19, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, United States AB - Context. Although studies have documented cognitive impairment in children who were born small for gestational age (SGA), other studies have not demonstrated differences in IQ or other cognitive scores. The need exists for long-term studies of such children to assess functional outcomes not measurable with standardized testing. Objective. To determine the long-term functional outcome of SGA infants. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting and Participants. A total of 14 189 full-term infants born in the United Kingdom on April 5 through 11, 1970, were studied as part of the 1970 British Birth Cohort; 1064 were SGA (birth weight less than the fifth percentile for age at term). Follow-up at 5, 10, 16, and 26 years was 93%, 80%, 72%, and 53%, respectively. Main Outcome Measures. School performance and achievement, assessed at 5, 10, and 16 years; and years of education, occupational status, income, marital status, life satisfaction, disability, and height, assessed at 26 years, comparing persons born SGA with those who were not. Results. At 5, 10, and 16 years of age, those born SGA demonstrated small but significant deficits in academic achievement. In addition, teachers were less likely to rate those born SGA in the top 15th percentile of the class at 16 years (13% vs 20%; P<.01) and more likely to recommend special education (4.9% vs 2.3%; P<.01) compared with those born at normal birth weight (NBW). At age 26 years, adults who were SGA did not demonstrate any differences in years of education, employment, hours of work per week, marital status, or satisfaction with life. However, adults who were SGA were less likely to have professional or managerial jobs (8.7% vs 16.4%; P<.01) and reported significantly lower levels of weekly income (mean [SD], 185 [91] vs 206 [102] (L); P< .01) than adults who were NBW. Adults who were SGA also reported significant height deficits compared with those who were NBW (mean [SD] z score, -0.55 [0.98] vs 0.08 [1.02]; P<.001). Similar results were also obtained after adjusting for social class, sex, region of birth, and the presence of fetal or neonatal distress. Conclusions. In this cohort, adults who were born SGA had significant differences in academic achievement and professional attainment compared with adults who were NBW. However, there were no long-term social or emotional consequences of being SGA: these adults were as likely to be employed, married, and satisfied with life. KW - academic achievement KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - cognitive defect KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disability KW - female KW - fetus distress KW - follow up KW - functional assessment KW - human KW - income KW - infant KW - life satisfaction KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - marriage KW - occupation KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - sex difference KW - small for date infant KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Quality of Life KW - Self Assessment (Psychology) KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :281 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JAMAA C2 - 10665702 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Strauss, R.S.; Pediatric Gastroenterol./Nutri. Div., Univ. of Med./Dent. of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, United States; email: strausrs@rwja.umdnj.edu N1 - References: Villar, J., Smeriglio, V., Martorell, R., Brown, C.H., Klein, R.E., Heterogeneous growth and mental development of intrauterine growth-retarded infants during the first 3 years of life (1984) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 783-791; Low, J.A., Handley-Derry, M.H., Burke, S.O., Association of intrauterine fetal growth retardation and learning deficits at age 9 to 11 years (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 167, pp. 1499-1505; Harvey, D., Prince, J., Bunton, J., Parkinson, C., Campbell, S., Abilities of children who were small-for-gestational-age babies (1982) Pediatrics, 69, pp. 296-300; Pryor, J., Silva, P.A., Brooke, M., Growth, development, and behavior in adolescents born small-for-gestational age (1995) J Paediatr Child Health, 31, pp. 403-407; Westwood, M., Kramer, M.S., Munz, D., Lovett, J.M., Watters, G.V., Growth and development of full-term nonasphyxiated small-for-gestational-age new-borns: Follow-up through adolescence (1983) Pediatrics, 71, pp. 376-382; Low, J.A., Galbraith, R.S., Muir, D., Killen, H., Pater, B., Karchmar, J., Intrauterine growth retardation: A study of long-term morbidity (1982) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 142, pp. 670-677; Strauss, R.S., Dietz, W.H., Growth and development of full-term children born small-for-gestational age: Effects of genetic and environmental factors (1998) J Pediatr, 133, pp. 67-72; Babson, S.G., Kangas, J., Preschool intelligence of undersized term infants (1969) Am J Dis Child, 117, pp. 553-557; Escalona, S.K., Babies at double hazard: Early development of infants at biologic and social risk (1982) Pediatrics, 70, pp. 670-676; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Saenger, G., Marolla, F., Nutrition and mental performance: Prenatal exposure to the Dutch Famine of 1944-45 seems bit related to mental performance at age 19 (1972) Science, 178, pp. 708-713; Douglas, J.W.B., Gear, R., Children of low-birthweight in the 1946 national cohort (1976) Arch Dis Child, 51, pp. 820-827; Nilsen, S.T., Bergsjo, P., Nome, S., Male twins at birth and 18 years later (1988) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 91, pp. 122-127; Paz, I., Gale, R., Laor, A., Danon, Y.L., Stevenson, D.K., Seidman, D.S., The cognitive outcome of full-term small for gestational age infants at late adolescence (1995) Obstet Gynecol, 85, pp. 452-456; Fitzhardinge, P.M., Steven, E.M., The small-for-date infant, II: Neurological and intellectual sequelae (1972) Pediatrics, 50, pp. 50-57; Hertzig, M.E., Neurological "soft" signs in low birth-weight children (1981) Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, pp. 778-791; Rubin, R.A., Posenblatt, C., Balow, B., Psychological and educational sequelae of prematurity (1973) Pediatrics, 52, pp. 352-363; Mitchell, R.G., Perinatal follow-up (1980) Dev Med Child Neurol, 22, pp. 1-2; Goldenberg, Hack, M., Grantham-McGregor, Schurch, B., Report of the IDECG/IUNS Working Group on IUGR effects on neurological, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral function (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. S100-S101; Goldthorpe, J.H., Hope, K., (1974) The Social Grading of Occupations: A New Approach and Scale, , Oxford, England: Clarendon Press; Forbes, J.F., Small, M.J., A comparative analysis of birthweight for gestational age standards (1983) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 90, pp. 297-303; Cole, S., (1981) Birthweight Head Circumference, and Length by Gestational Age, Scotland 7973-7979, , Edinburgh, Scotland: Information Services Division, Scottish Health Services Agency; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study, , London, England: Longman; Brimer, M.A., Dunn, L.M., (1962) English Picture Vocabulary Test Bristol, , England: Education Evaluation Enterprises; Harris, D.B., (1963) Children's Drawings As Measures of Intellectual Maturity, , New York, NY: Harcourt Brace & World;; Kalverboer, (1972) A Profile Test for the Spacial-constructive Development, , Lisse, the Netherlands: Switz & Zeitlinger;; Stunkard, A.J., Albaum, J.M., The accuracy of self-reported weights (1981) Am J Clin Nutr, 34, pp. 1593-1599; Stewart, A.L., The reliability and validity of self-reported weight and height (1982) J Chronic Dis, 35, pp. 295-309; Diener, E., Subjective well-being (1984) Psychol Bull, 95, pp. 542-575; Hack, M., Breslau, N., Weissman, B., Aram, D., Klein, N., Borawski, Effect of very low birth weight and subnormal head size on cognitive abilities at school age (1991) N Engl J Med, 325, pp. 231-237; Bendersky, M., Lewis, M., Environmental risk, biological risk, and developmental outcome (1994) Dev Psychol, 30, pp. 484-494; Berlin, L.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., McCarton, C., McCormick, M.C., The effectiveness of early intervention: Examining risk factors and pathways to enhanced development (1998) Prev Med, 27, pp. 238-245; Weikart, D.P., Changing early childhood development through educational intervention (1998) Prev Med, 27, pp. 233-237; Paz, I., Seidman, D.S., Danon, Y.L., Laor, A., Stevenson, D.K., Gale, R., Are children born small for gestation age at increased risk of short stature? (1993) Am J Dis Child, 147, pp. 337-339; Strauss, R.S., Dietz, W.H., The effects of intrauterine growth retardation on early childhood growth (1997) J Pediatr, 130, pp. 95-102; Myers, D.G., Diener, E., Who is happy? (1995) Psychol Sci, 6, pp. 10-19; Schultz, R., Decker, S., Long-term adjustment to physical disability: The role of social support, perceived control, and self-blame (1985) J Pers Soc Psychol, 48, pp. 1162-1172; Fuhrer, M.J., Rintala, D.H., Hart, K.A., Clearman, R., Young, M.E., Relationship of life satisfaction to impairment, disability, and handicap among persons with spinal cord injury living in the community (1992) Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 73, pp. 552-557; Tate, D.G., Riley, B.B., Perna, R., Roller, S., Quality of life issues among women with physical disabilities or breast cancer (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 78 (SUPPL. 5), pp. S18-S25; Kimmel, P.L., Peterson, R.A., Weihs, K.L., Aspects of quality of life in hemodialysis patients (1995) J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, pp. 1418-14126; McCormick, M.C., Workman-Daniels, K., Brooks-Gunn, J., The behavioral and emotional well-being of school-age children with differing birth weights (1996) Pediatrics, 97, pp. 18-25; Saigal, S., Feeny, D., Rosenbaum, P., Furlong, W., Burrows, E., Stoskipf, B., Self-perceived health status and health-related quality of life of extremely low-birth-weight infants at adolescence (1996) JAMA, 276, pp. 453-459; Hardy, J.B., Drage, J.S., Jackson, E.C., (1979) The First Year of Life, , Baltimore, Md: The Johns Hopkins University Press; Tin, W., Fritz, S., Wariyar, U., Hey, E., Outcome of very preterm birth: Children reviewed with ease at 2 years differ from those followed up with difficulty (1998) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 70, pp. F83-F87; McIntire, D.D., Bloom, S.L., Casey, B.M., Leveno, K.J., Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants (1999) N Engl J Med, 340, pp. 1234-1238; Sternberg, R.J., How intelligent is intelligence testing? (1998) So Am, 9, pp. 12-17 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034594641&partnerID=40&md5=874d14122ce3c52b3093644c1cb6c24a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Further evidence of relation between prenatal famine and major affective disorder T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Am. J. Psychiatry VL - 157 IS - 2 SP - 190 EP - 195 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.190 SN - 0002953X (ISSN) AU - Brown, A.S. AU - Van Os, J. AU - Driessens, C. AU - Hoek, H.W. AU - Susser, E.S. AD - New York State Psychiatric Institute, Unit 2, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States AB - Objective: In a previous study, the authors demonstrated an association between prenatal famine in middle to late gestation and major affective disorders requiring hospitalization. In this study, they sought to examine the association by using newly identified cases from the Dutch birth cohort used previously to examine the gender specificity of the association and to assess whether this relation is present for both unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Method: The authors compared the risk of major affective disorder requiring hospitalization in birth cohorts who were and were not exposed, in each trimester of gestation, to famine during the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945. These cases of major affective disorder requiring hospitalization were newly ascertained from a national psychiatric registry. A larger data set from this registry was used for analysis by gender and diagnostic subtype. Results: For the newly ascertained cases, the risk of developing major affective disorder requiring hospitalization was increased for subjects with exposure to famine in the second trimester and was increased significantly for subjects with exposure in the third trimester, relative to unexposed subjects. For the cases from the entire period of ascertainment, the risk of developing affective disorder was significantly increased for those exposed to famine during the second and the third trimesters of gestation. The effects were demonstrated for men and women and for unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Conclusions: These results provide support for the authors' previous findings on the association between middle to late gestational famine and affective disorder. KW - adult KW - affective neurosis KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - female KW - fetus outcome KW - first trimester pregnancy KW - food deprivation KW - human KW - hunger KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - pathogenesis KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - second trimester pregnancy KW - sex difference KW - third trimester pregnancy KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Bipolar Disorder KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Depressive Disorder KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - History, 20th Century KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Netherlands KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Registries KW - Risk KW - Sex Factors KW - Starvation N1 - Cited By :213 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPSA C2 - 10671386 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Brown, A.S.; New York State Psychiatric Institute, Unit 2, 1051 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10032, United States; email: asbll@columbia.edu N1 - References: Brown, A.S., Susser, E.S., Lin, S.P., Neugebauer, R., Gorman, J.M., Increased risk of affective disorder in males after second trimester prenatal exposure to the Dutch hunger winter of 1944-1945 (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 601-606; Van Os, J., Jones, P., Lewis, G., Wadsworth, M., Murray, R., Developmental precursors of affective illness in a general population birth cohort (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 625-631; Elkis, H., Friedman, L., Wise, A., Meltzer, H., Meta-analysis of studies of ventricular enlargement and cortical sulcal prominence in mood disorder: Comparisons with controls or patients with schizophrenia (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52, pp. 735-746; Torrey, E., Rawlings, R., Ennis, J., Merrill, D., Flores, D., Birth seasonality in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and stillbirths (1996) Schizophr Res, 21, pp. 141-149; Machon, R., Mednick, S., Huttunen, M., Adult major affective disorder after prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 322-328; Cannon, M., Cotter, D., Coffey, V., Sham, P., Takei, N., Larkin, C., Murray, R., O'Callaghan, E., Prenatal exposure to the 1957 influenza epidemic and adult schizophrenia: A follow-up study (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 168, pp. 368-371; Sacker, A., Done, D., Crow, T., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Obstetric complications (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Done, D., Johnstone, E., Frith, C., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) Br Med J, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Saenger, G., Marolla, F., (1975) Famine and Human Development: The Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-45, , New York, Oxford University Press; Susser, E.S., Lin, S.P., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the Dutch hunger winter of 1944-1945 (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 983-988; Susser, E., Neugebauer, R., Hoek, H., Brown, A.S., Lin, S., Labovitz, D., Gorman, J.M., Schizophrenia after prenatal famine: Further evidence (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 25-31; Susser, E., Hoek, H.W., Brown, A., Neurodevelopmental disorder after prenatal famine: The story of the Dutch famine study (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 213-216; (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to Their Classification in Accordance With the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, , Geneva, WHO; Fleiss, J., (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, 2nd Ed., , New York, John Wiley & Sons; Kline, J., Stein, Z., Susser, M., (1989) Conception to Birth: Epidemiology of Prenatal Development: Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1. , New York, Oxford University Press; Brown, A.S., Susser, E.S., Butler, P.D., Richardson-Andrews, R., Kaufmann, C.A., Gorman, J.M., Neurobiological plausibility of prenatal nutritional deprivation as a risk factor for schizophrenia (1996) J Nerv Ment Dis, 184, pp. 71-85; Butler, P.D., Susser, E.S., Brown, A.S., Kaufmann, C.A., Gorman, J.M., Prenatal nutritional deprivation as a risk factor in schizophrenia: Preclinical evidence (1994) Neuropsychopharmacology, 11, pp. 227-235; Rakic, P., Defects of neuronal migration and the pathogenesis of cortical malformations (1988) Prog Brain Res, 73, pp. 15-37; Nowakowski, R.S., Prenatal development of the brain (1999) Prenatal Exposures in Schizophrenia, pp. 61-85. , Edited by Susser ES, Brown AS, Gorman JM. Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Press; Akbarian, S., Bunney, W., Potkin, S., Wigal, S., Hagman, J., Sandman, C., Jones, E., Altered distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase cells in frontal lobe of schizophrenics implies disturbances of cortical development (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 169-177; Jakob, J., Beckman, H., Prenatal developmental disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenics (1986) J Neural Transm, 65, pp. 303-326; Beckman, H., Jakob, J., Prenatal disturbances of nerve cell migration in the entorhinal region: A common vulnerability factor in functional psychoses? (1991) J Neural Transm Gen Sect, 84, pp. 155-164; Heim, C., Owens, M., Plotsky, P., Nemeroff, C., Persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor systems due to early life stress: Relationship to the pathophysiology of major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (1997) Psychopharmacol Bull, 33, pp. 185-192; Crow, T.J., The continuum of psychosis and its implication for the structure of the gene (1986) Br J Psychiatry, 149, pp. 419-429 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033953360&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ajp.157.2.190&partnerID=40&md5=a1dfcd2fecb4f0980a2a0c56ffa48027 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypoxic-ischemia-related fetal/neonatal complications and risk of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses: A 19-year longitudinal study T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Am. J. Psychiatry VL - 157 IS - 2 SP - 196 EP - 202 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.196 SN - 0002953X (ISSN) AU - Zornberg, G.L. AU - Buka, S.L. AU - Tsuang, M.T. AD - 11 Muzzey Street, Lexington, MA 02421, United States AB - Objective: Epidemiologic evidence linking obstetric complications to schizophrenia has been positive but inconclusive. One reason for the lack of conclusive evidence may be the inconsistency in measuring disturbances of fetal/neonatal brain development based on general obstetric markers of maternal health. The authors used data from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project to examine the relationship between schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses and a theoretically derived measure of hypoxic- ischemia-related fetal/neonatal complications. Method: Six hundred ninety- three men and women (average age 23) born to a community sample of women between 1959 and 1966 were followed up an average of 19 years after early childhood assessments. Subjects with DSM-IV schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses were identified using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and best-estimate consensus diagnoses. Results: Hypoxic-ischemia- related fetal/neonatal complications were associated with a doubling of the risk of developing a psychotic disorder, compared with no relevant complications (6.9% versus 1.4%). When mood disorders were excluded from the group of psychotic diagnoses, the risk of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses associated with hypoxic-ischemia-related fetal/neonatal complications was strikingly elevated, compared with no relevant complications (5.75% versus 0.39%). Nonpsychotic mood disorders were unrelated to these fetal/neonatal complications. Schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses were most strongly associated with hypoxic-ischemia- related fetal/neonatal complications of disordered growth and development. Conclusions: The data show a strikingly elevated, graded, independent risk of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychoses associated with this classification of antecedent hypoxic-ischemia-related fetal/neonatal complications. KW - adult KW - affective neurosis KW - article KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - nervous system development KW - newborn hypoxia KW - pathogenesis KW - priority journal KW - psychosis KW - risk assessment KW - schizophrenia KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Female KW - Fetal Diseases KW - Fetal Growth Retardation KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Newborn, Diseases KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Risk KW - Schizophrenia N1 - Cited By :131 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPSA C2 - 10671387 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Zornberg, G.L.11 Muzzey Street, Lexington, MA 02421, United States; email: zornberg@bu.edu N1 - References: Kraepelin, E., (1919) Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia, pp. 234-235. , Translated by Barclay RM: edited by Robertson GM. Edinburgh, E & S Livingstone; Southard, E.E., On the topographical distribution of cortex lesions and anomalies in dementia praecox, with some account of their functional significance (1915) Am J Insanity, 71, pp. 603-671; Tsuang, M.T., Faraone, S.V., Epidemiology and behavioral genetics of schizophrenia (1996) Biology of Schizophrenia and Affective Disease, pp. 163-195. , Edited by Watson SJ. New York, Raven Press; Murray, R.M., Lewis, S.W., Reveley, A.M., Towards an aetiological classification of schizophrenia (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 1023-1026; Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 660-669; McNeil, T.F., Perinatal risk factors and schizophrenia: Selective review and methodological concerns (1995) Epidemiol Rev, 17, pp. 107-112; Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Teasdale, T.W., Schulsinger, H., Feldman, P.M., Mednick, S.A., Perinatal complications and clinical outcome within the schizophrenia spectrum (1982) Br J Psychiatry, 140, pp. 416-420; Sacker, A., Done, J.D., Crow, T.J., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Obstetric complications (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.-L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort (1998) Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Dalman, C., Allebeck, P., Cullberg, J., Koster, M., Obstetric complications and the risk of schizophrenia (1999) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56, pp. 234-240; Jacobsen, B., Kinney, D.K., Perinatal complications in adopted and non-adopted schizophrenics and their controls: Preliminary results (1980) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 62, pp. 337-346; McNeil, T.F., Kaij, L., Obstetric factors in the development of schizophrenia: Complications in the birth of preschizophrenics and in reproduction by schizophrenic parents (1978) Schizophrenia: New Approaches to Research and Treatment, pp. 401-429. , Edited by Wynne LC, Cromwell RL, Matthysse S. New York, John Wiley & Sons; Gillberg, C., Wahlström, J., Forsman, A., Hellgren, L., Gillberg, I.C., Teenage psychoses - Epidemiology, classification and reduced optimally in the pre-, peri- and neonatal periods (1986) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 27, pp. 87-98; Eagles, J.M., Gibson, I., Bremner, M.H., Clunie, F., Ebmeier, Kp., Smith, N.C., Obstetric complications in DSM-III schizophrenics and their siblings (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 1139-1141; Gunther-Genta, F., Bovet, P., Hohlfeld, P., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case-control study (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 164, pp. 165-170; Hultman, C.M., Öhrnan, A., Cnattingius, S., Wieselgren, I.M., Lindström, L.H., Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia (1997) Br J Psychiatry, 170, pp. 128-133; Kendell, R.E., Juszcak, E., Cole, S.K., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case control study based on standardised obstetric records (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 168, pp. 556-561; Cantor-Graae, Ma., McNeil, T.F., Sjöstrom, K., Nordstrom, L.G., Rosenlund, T., Obstetric complications and their relationship to other etiological risk factors in schizophrenia (1994) J Nerv Ment Dis, 182, pp. 645-650; McCreadie, R.G., Hall, D.J., Berry, I.J., Robertson, L.J., Ewing, J.I., Geals, M.F., The nithsdale schizophrenia surveys, X: Obstetrical complications, family history and abnormal movements (1992) Br J Psychiatry, 161, pp. 799-805; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) Br Med J, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Zornberg, G.L., (1997) Fetal and Neonatal Complications and Risk of Psychoses and Mood Disorders, , doctoral dissertation. Boston, Mass, Harvard University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology; Amiel-Tyson, C., Clinical assessment of the infant nervous system (1995) Fetal and Neonatal Neurology and Neurosurgery, pp. 83-104. , Edited by Levene MI, Lilford RJ. New York, Churchill, Livingstone; Brann, A.W., Schwartz, J.F., Birth injury (1992) Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant, pp. 703-718. , Edited by Fanaroff AA, Martin R. St Louis, Mosby; Sarnat, H.B., Sarnat, M.S., Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress: A clinical and encephalographic study (1976) Arch Neurol, 33, pp. 696-705; Gill, T.J., Reproductive immunology and immunogenetics (1994) The Physiology of Reproduction, 2nd Ed., pp. 783-812. , Edited by Knobil E, Neill JD. New York, Raven Press; Kochenour, N.K., (1992) Postterm Pregnancy, in Neonatal-perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant, pp. 230-234. , Edited by Fanaroff AA, Martin R. St Louis, Mosby; Niswander, K.R., Gordon, M., (1972) The Women and Their Pregnancies, , Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office; Robins, L.N., Heizer, J.E., Croughan, J., (1981) National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III, , PHS Publication ADM-T-42-3. Rockville, Md. NIMH; Robins, L.N., (1982) St Louis Health Study: Wave II, , Baltimore, Survey Research Associates; Myrianthopoulos, N.C., French, K.S., An application of the US bureau of the census socioeconomic index to a large, diversified patient population (1968) Soc Sci Med, 2, pp. 283-299; Mehta, C.R., Patel, N.R., Senchaudhuri, P., Exact stratified linear rank tests for ordered categorical and binary data (1992) J Computational and Graphical Statistics, 1, pp. 21-40; Robins, L.N., Heizer, J.E., Weissman, M.M., Orvaschel, H., Gruenberg, E., Burke J.D., Jr., Regier, D.A., Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41, pp. 949-958; Parnas, J., Cannon, T.D., Jacobsen, B., Schulsinger, H., Schulsinger, F., Mednick, S.A., Lifetime DSM-III-R diagnostic outcomes in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers: Results from the Copenhagen study (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 707-714; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetrical complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Whitaker, A.H., Van Rossem, R., Feldman, J.F., Schonfeld, I.S., Pinto-Martin, J.A., Torre, C., Shaffer, D., Paneth, N., Psychiatric outcomes in low-birth-weight children at age 6 years: Relation to neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 847-856; Prechtl, H.F.R., The optimality concept (1980) Early Hum Dev, 4, pp. 201-205; Ober, C., The maternal-fetal relationship in human pregnancy: An immunogenetic perspective (1992) Exp Clin Immunogenet, 9, pp. 1-14; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., The schizophrenia high-risk project in copenhagen: Three decades of progress (1993) Acta Psychiatr Scand, (SUPPL. 370), pp. 33-47; Waddington, J.L., Buckley, P.F., Scully, P.J., Lane, A., O'Callaghan, E.O., Larkin, C., Course of psychopathology, cognition and neurobiological abnormality in schizophrenia: Developmental origins and amelioration by antipsychotics? (1998) J Psychiatr Res, 32, pp. 179-189; Pasamanick, B., Rogers, M.E., Lilienfeld, A.M., Pregnancy experience and the development of behavior disorder in children (1956) Am J Psychiatry, 112, pp. 613-618; Benes, F.M., A neurodevelopmental approach to the understanding of schizophrenia and other mental disorder (1995) Developmental Psychopathology, Vol. I: Theory and Methods, 1, pp. 227-253. , Edited by Ciccetti DJ, Cohen DJ. New York, John Wiley & Sons; Torrey, E.F., Bowler, A.E., Taylor, E.H., Gottesman, I.I., (1994) Schizophrenia and Manic-depressive Disorder, pp. 79-101. , New York, Basic Books; Guth, C., Jones, P., Murray, R., Familial psychiatric illness and obstetric complications in early-onset affective disorder (1993) Br J Psychiatry, 163, pp. 492-498; Pulver, A.E., Carpenter, W.T., Lifetime psychotic symptoms assessed with the DIS (1983) Schizophr Bull, 9, pp. 377-382 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033974691&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ajp.157.2.196&partnerID=40&md5=0aab51a3ce7926d09eb945a98c362dd0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in epilepsy mortality in England and Wales and the United States, 1950-1994 T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. VL - 151 IS - 2 SP - 182 EP - 189 PY - 2000 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - O'Callaghan, F.J.K. AU - Osmond, C. AU - Martyn, C.N. AD - Medical Research Council Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom AD - Medical Research Council Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom AB - The aim of this study was to analyze time trends in epilepsy mortality in England and Wales and the United States between 1950 and 1994. The authors calculated age- and sex-specific epilepsy mortality rates for the nine quinquennia from 1950-1954 to 1990- 1994. Mortality rates were modeled as a function of age, period of death, and cohort of birth by using Poisson regression techniques, from 1950 to 1994, there were more than 110,000 deaths from epilepsy in the two countries. The secular trends in mortality were similar for both sexes and in both countries. Among people younger than age 20 years, epilepsy mortality declined steeply after 1950. For young and middle-aged adults, the rate of decline was lower. In the geriatric population, mortality declined between 1950 and 1974 but then increased, the Poisson model showed pronounced birth cohort effects. In the United States, epilepsy mortality fell with each successive birth cohort after 1905. In England and Wales, there was a similar decline in birth cohort mortality after 1905 for women but not until after 1950 for men. The pronounced birth cohort effect supports explanations that focus on antenatal and developmental factors as the cause for the decline in epilepsy mortality in all but the oldest age groups between 1950 and 1994. KW - Epilepsy KW - Mortality KW - Time KW - Time factors KW - disease prevalence KW - historical perspective KW - medical geography KW - mortality KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - epilepsy KW - female KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - sex difference KW - time KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Mortality KW - Poisson Distribution KW - United States KW - Wales KW - United Kingdom KW - United States N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 10645821 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Martyn, C.N.; Med. Res. Coun. Envtl. Epidemiol. U., University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom N1 - References: Osmond, C., Gardner MJ, Acheson ED, Et Al. Trends in Cancer Mortality, , 1951-80: analyses by period of birth and death. London, United Kingdom: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1983. (Office of Population Census and Surveys. Series DH1, no. 11); Doll, R., Darby S, Whitley E. Trends in Mortality from Smok-ing-related Diseases. In: Charlton J, Murphy M, Eds. the Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994. London, United Kingdom: the Stationery Office, , 1997:128-55; Osmond, C., Gardner MJ. Age, Period and Cohort Models Applied to Cancer Mortality Rates. Stat Med, , 1982;l:245-59; Census, O.O.P., United Kingdom: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, , 1975-1994. (Series DH2); England, R.G.S., Medical. London, United Kingdom: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, , 1950-1974; Switzerland: World Health Organization, , 1950-1993; Medrano, M.J., Lopez-Abente G, Barrado MJ, Et Al. Effect of Age, Birth Cohort, and Period of Death on Cerebrovascular Mortality in Spain; Britten, N., Wadsworth MEJ, Fenwick PBC. Stigma in Patients with Early Epilepsy: a National Longitudinal Study. J Epidemiol Community Health, , 1984;38:291-5; Kurtz, Z., Tookey P, ROSS E. Epilepsy in Young People: 23 Year Follow up of the British National Child Development Study. BMJ, , 1998;316:339; Hauser, W.A., Annegers JE, Kurland LT. Incidence of Epilepsy and Unprovoked Seizures in Rochester, Minnesota, , 1935-84. Epilepsia 1993;34:453-68; Broderick, J.P., Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP, Et Al. Incidence Rate of Stroke in the Eighties: the End of the Decline in Stroke? Stroke, , 1989;20:577-82; Massey, E.W., Schoenberg BS. Mortality from Epilepsy. Neuroepidemiology, , 1985;4:65-70; Medrano, M.J., Lopez-Abente G, Barrado MJ, Et Al. Effect of Age, Birth Cohort, and Period of Death on Cerebrovascular Mortality in Spain, , 1952 through 1991. Stroke 1997;28:40-4; Medrano, M.J., Lopez-Abente G, Barrado MJ, Et Al. Effect of Age, Birth Cohort, and Period of Death on Cerebrovascular Mortality in Spain; Morris, A.D., Boyle DI, McMahon AD, Et Al. Adherence to Insulin Treatment, Glycaemic Control, and Ketoacidosis in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus. the DARTS/MEMO Collaboration. Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside, Scotland. Medicines Monitoring Unit. Lancet, , 1997;350: 1505-10; Hauser, W.A., Annegers JF, Elveback LR. Mortality in Patients with Epilepsy. Epilepsia, , 1980;21:399; Cockerell, O.C., Johnson AL, Sander JWAS, Et Al. Mortality from Epilepsy: Results from a Prospective Population-based Study. Lancet, , 1994;344:918-21; Cockerell, O.C., Johnson AL, Sander JWAS, Et Al. Prognosis of Epilepsy: a Review and Further Analysis of the First Nine Years of the British National General Practice Study of Epilepsy, a Prospective Population-based Study. Epilepsia, , 1997;38:31-46; Epilepsy, Z.J.J., Rate, M., ; Medrano, M.J., Lopez-Abente G, Barrado MJ, Et Al. Effect of Age, Birth Cohort, and Period of Death on Cerebrovascular Mortality in Spain; United Kingdom: Hodder & Stoughton, , 1984: 259-64 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034650154&partnerID=40&md5=9f09c10235bd12d9e7531b48d33adf89 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Children's family change: reports and records of mothers, fathers and children compared. T2 - Population trends J2 - Popul Trends IS - 102 SP - 24 EP - 33 PY - 2000 SN - 03074463 (ISSN) AU - Clarke, L. AU - Joshi, H. AU - Di Salvo, P. AD - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicne. AB - Family change, when adults depart or arrive around children, raises policy issues. Its measurement depends upon the evidence collected and from whom. This paper compares British children's histories obtained from fathers and mothers. The evidence, on one birth cohort of parents, comes from two sources: the National Child Development Study and the ONS Longitudinal Study. The resulting account of family change is not substantially different between parents. There is some under-reporting of children not living with their fathers. This is due to under-reporting by those included in the studies and to under-representation in them of absent fathers and lone parents. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - child KW - comparative study KW - father KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - information processing KW - information service KW - male KW - mother KW - newborn KW - nuclear family KW - population research KW - preschool child KW - register KW - single parent KW - social change KW - statistics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Censuses KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Information Services KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Nuclear Family KW - Records KW - Registries KW - Single-Parent Family KW - Social Change N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 11149136 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Clarke, L. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034564944&partnerID=40&md5=9dd99eeb76cf60f195992dbb297ecaea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental divorce and outcomes for children: Evidence and interpretation T2 - European Sociological Review J2 - Eur. Sociol. Rev. VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 91 PY - 2000 SN - 02667215 (ISSN) AU - Bhrolcháin, M.N. AU - Chappell, R. AU - Diamond, I. AU - Jameson, C. AD - Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom AB - Using longitudinal data from the UK National Child Development Study (NCDS) (1958 Birth Cohort), we examine the association, net of pre-disruption background factors, between the experience of family disruption between ages 7 and 16 and later experience of a range of outcomes usually considered adverse: early school leaving, leaving home early, teenage first partnership, early entry into parenthood, and extra-marital fertility. Logistic regression analyses indicate that some of these outcomes are more frequent among the children of disrupted families, and that girls seem to be at higher risk than boys. Nevertheless, children of disrupted families are not distinctive: except for leaving school at the minimum age, characteristic of a majority of all family types in this cohort, all of the outcomes examined here are experienced by a minority of children in all family groups. Furthermore, the associations observed may not be interpreted as indicating that family disruption causes a greater risk of the outcomes studied. The NCDS, though large and rich in detail compared with many other data sources, is nevertheless incomplete in crucial respects, and so many key alternative hypotheses cannot be tested. As a result, a selective origin to the findings cannot be ruled out. Causal inference needs to proceed with particular cate in this area. © Oxford University Press 2001. N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Abbott, A., The causal devolution (1998) Sociological Methodology 1998, 27, pp. 148-181; Ades, T., (1983) Comparing NCDS4 to the 1981 UK Census, , NCDS Working Paper no. 11. Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Allison, P.D., Furstenberg, F.F., How marital dissolution affects children: Variations by age and sex (1989) Developmental Psychology, 25, pp. 540-549; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis (1991) Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp. 26-46; Astone, N.M., McLanahan, S., Family structure, parental practices and high school completion (1991) American Sociological Review, 56, pp. 309-320; Baydar, N., Effects of parental separation and reentry into union on the emotional well-being of children (1988) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, pp. 967-981; Block, J.H., Block, J., Gjerde, P.F., The personality of children prior to divorce: A prospective study (1986) Child Development, 57, pp. 827-840; Cherlin, A., Furstenberg, F., Chase-Lansdale, L., Kiernan, K., Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389. , 7 June 1991; Cherlin, A., Kiernan, K., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Cherlin, A., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., McRae, C., Effects of parental divorce on mental health throughout the life course (1998) American Sociological Review, 63, pp. 239-249; Coontz, S., (1992) The Way We Never Were: A Merican Families and the Nostalgia Trap, , New York, Basic Books; Cox, D., Wermuth, N., (1996) Multivariate Dependencies, , London, Chapman and Hall; DaVanzo, J., Rahman, M.O., American families: Trends and correlates (1993) Population Index, 59, pp. 350-386; David, M.E., (1998) The Fragmenting Family: Does It Matter?, , London, Institute of Economic Affairs; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the NCDS, , London, Longman; Dronkers, J., The changing effects of lone parent families on the educational attainment of their children in a European welfare state (1994) Sociology, 28, pp. 171-191; Elliott, J., Richards, M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Emery, R.E., Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 92, pp. 310-330; Ferri, E., (1976) Growing Up in a One Parent Family, , National Children's Bureau, London; Ferri, E., (1984) Stepchildren, , NFER-Nelson, Windsor; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Ferri, E., Smith, K., (1998) Step-parents in the 1990s, , Family Policy Studies Centre, London; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Papers from the NCDS, , Macmillan, London; Freedman, D., From association to causation via regression (1997) Causality in Crisis?, , McKim, V. R. and Turner, S. P. (eds)? University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind; Furstenberg, F.F., Cherlin, A.J., (1991) Divided Families, , Harvard University Press, London; Furstenberg, F.F., Teitler, J.O., Reconsidering the effects of marital disruption: What happens to children of divorce in early adulthood? (1991) Journal of Family Issues, 15, pp. 173-190. , Paris, October; Gahler, M., Self-reported mental well-being among adult children of divorce in Sweden (1998) Acta Sociologica, 1, pp. 210-225; Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., The socioeconomic consequences of teen childbearing reconsidered (1992) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, pp. 1187-1214; Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., The socioeconomic costs of teenage childbearing: Evidence and interpretation (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 281-290; Goldscheider, F.K., Goldscheider, C., Family structure and conflict: Nest leaving expectations of young adults and their parents (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 87-97; Goldthorpe, J., (1998) Causation, Statistics and Sociology, , Twenty-ninth Geary Lecture, Economical and Social Research Institute, Dublin; Grych, J.H., Fincham, F.D., Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitive-contextual framework (1990) Psychological Bulletin, 108, pp. 267-290; Herzog, E., Sudia, C.E., Children in fatherless families (1973) Review of Child Development Research, p. iii. , Caldwell, B. M. and Ricciuti, H. N. (eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M., Cox, R., Longterm effects of divorce and remarriage on the adjustment of children (1985) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, pp. 518-530; Hoffman, S.D., Foster, E.M., Furstenberg, F.F., Re-evaluating the costs of teenage childbearing (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 1-13; Hoffman, S.D., Foster, E.M., Furstenberg, F.F., Re-evaluating the costs of teenage childbearing: Response to Geronimus and Korenman (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 291-296; (1998) Supporting Families: A Consultation Document, , The Stationery Office, London; Iyer, R., (1984) Analysis of Response, , NCDS Working Paper No. 25 Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Jonsson, J.O., Gahler, M., Family dissolution, family reconstitution, and children's educational careers: Recent evidence for Sweden (1997) Demography, 34, pp. 277-293; Kiernan, K., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-224; Krein, S.F., Beller, A.H., Educational attainment of children from single-parent families: Differences by exposure, gender and race (1988) Demography, 2, pp. 221-234; Lieberson, S., (1985) Making It Count: The Improvement of Social Theory and Research, , University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif; Maclean, M., Wadsworth, M., The interests of children after parental divorce: A long-term perspective (1988) International Journal of Law and the Family, 2, pp. 155-166; McKim, V.R., Turner, S.P., (1997) Causality in Crisis?, , University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind; McLanahan, S., Booth, K., Mother-only families: Problems, prospects, and politics (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 557-580; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational consequences of family disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 130-152; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing Up with a Single Parent, , Harvard University Press, London; Menahem, G., Troubles de santeÌ aÌ l'aÌge adulte et difficulteÌs familiales durant l'enfance (1992) Population, 47, pp. 893-932; Michael, R.T., Tuma, N.B., Entry into marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background (1985) Demography, 22, pp. 515-544; Mitchell, B.A., Wister, A.V., Burch, T.K., The family environment and leaving the parental home (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 605-613; Monahan, S.C., Buchanan, C.M., Maccoby, E.E., Dornbusch, S.M., Sibling differences in divorced families (1993) Child Development, 64, pp. 152-168; Morgan, P., (1995) Farewell to the Family?, , Institute of Economic Affairs, London; Morrison, D.R., Cherlin, A.J., The divorce process and young children's well-being: A prospective analysis (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 800-812; NiÌ BhrolchaÌin, M., Chappell, R., Diamond, I., ScolariteÌ et autres caracteÌristiques socio-deÌmographiques des enfants de mariages rompus (1994) Population, 49, pp. 1585-1612; NiÌ BhrolchaÌin, M., Chappell, R., Diamond, I., Educational and socio-demographic outcomes among the children of disrupted and intact marriages (1994) Population, , Working Paper no. 95-2. University of Southampton, Department of Social Statistics. English version of paper; NiÌ BhrolchaÌin, M., Chappell, R., Diamond, I., (1995) How Do the Children of Disrupted Families Fare in Young Adulthood?, , Working Paper no. 95-2. University of Southampton, Department of Social Statistics; Peterson, J.L., Zill, N., Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behaviour problems in children (1986) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, pp. 295-307; Quinton, D., Rutter, M., Liddle, C., Institutional rearing, parenting difficulties and marital support (1984) Psychological Medicine, 14, pp. 107-124; Raley, R.K., (1991) The Effects of Family Composition on Educational Attainment, , NSFH Working Paper No. 44. Centre for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin; Rutter, M., Parent-child separation: Psychological effects on the children (1971) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 12, pp. 233-260; Rutter, M., (1981) Maternal Deprivation Reassessed, 2nd Edn., , Penguin Books, Harmondsworth; Rutter, M., Prevention of children's psychosocial disorders: Myth and substance (1982) Pediatrics, 70, pp. 883-894; Sandefur, G.D., McLanahan, S., Wojtkiewicz, R., The effects of parental marital status during adolescence on high school graduation (1992) Social Forces, 71, pp. 103-121; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 1 (revised) Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33, , Ferri, E. (ed.). National Children's Bureau. London; Stevenson, M.R., Black, K.N., Paternal absence and sex-role development: A meta-analysis (1988) Child Development, 59, pp. 793-814; Thornton, A., Influence of the marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitational experiences of children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 868-894; Whelan, R., (1995) Just a Piece of Paper?, , Institute of Economic Affairs, London; Wojtkiewicz, R.A., Simplicity and complexity in the effects of parental structure on high school graduation (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 701-715; Wu, L., Martinson, B., Family structure and the risk of a premarital birth (1993) American Sociological Review, 58, pp. 210-232; Wu, L., Effects of family instability, income, and income instability on the risk of a premarital birth (1996) American Sociohgical Review, 61, pp. 386-406; Young, C., Leaving home in Australia (1987) Australian Family Formation Monograph No. 90, , Australian National University and Australian Institute of Family Studies, Canberra; Zaslow, M.J., Sex differences in children's response to parental divorce, 1. Research methodology and postdivorce family forms (1988) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58, pp. 355-378; Zaslow, M.J., Sex differences in children's response to parental divorce, 2. Samples, variables, ages, and sources (1989) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, pp. 118-141 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034146861&partnerID=40&md5=3a1c742854f330e8e12f4b7f055046e1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental background, social disadvantage, public 'care,' and psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood T2 - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry J2 - J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry VL - 39 IS - 11 SP - 1415 EP - 1423 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1097/00004583-200011000-00016 SN - 08908567 (ISSN) AU - Buchanan, A. AU - Brinke, J.T. AU - Flouri, E. AD - Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To assess whether the structure of the parental background (birth, restructured, widowed, single) or the context (severe social disadvantage or care) in childhood is associated with psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood. Method: Data on 8,441 cohort members of the National Child Development Study were used to explore the impact of parental background on maladjustment at age 16, as assessed by the Rutter A Health and Behaviour Checklist, and psychological distress at age 33, as assessed by the Malaise Inventory. Results: Restructured parenting (without disadvantage or care) was not a risk factor for maladjustment at age 16. Rather, a childhood experience of care or social disadvantage was significantly related to psychosocial problems at age 16. Psychological distress at age 33 was associated with maladjustment at age 16. A childhood experience of care was associated with a tendency to adult psychological distress in men, as was growing up with a single parent. Conclusions: It is not the structure of the family background but the context that is more strongly associated with maladjustment in adolescence. A childhood experience of single parenthood and an experience of care predicted adult psychological distress in men but not in women. KW - Longitudinal study KW - National Child Development Study KW - Parental background KW - Psychological problems KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior KW - child care KW - family study KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - maladjustment KW - male KW - mental disease KW - onset age KW - parent KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - single parent KW - social adaptation KW - social care KW - social problem PB - Lippincott Williams and Wilkins N1 - Cited By :30 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JAAPE C2 - 11068897 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Buchanan, A.; Dept. of Social Policy/Social Work, University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., Epidemiological applications of multiaxial empirically based assessment and taxonomy (1995), pp. 22-41. , The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Verhulst FC, Koot HM, eds. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and the well being of children: A meta analysis (1991) Psychol Bull, 110, pp. 26-46; Bebbington, A., Miles, J., The background of children who enter local authority care (1989) Br J Soc Work, 19, pp. 349-368; Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., Wade, J., (1992) Prepared for Living: A Survey of Young People Leaving Care of Three Local Authorities, , London: National Children's Bureau; Bradshaw, J., (1990) Child Poverty and Deprivation in the UK, , London: National Children's Bureau; Bradshaw, J., Millar, J., (1991) Lone Parent Families in the UK, , London: HMSO Department of Social Security Research Report 6; Brown, G., Harris, W., (1978) The Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , London: Tavistock; Buchanan, A., Young people's views on being looked after in out-of-home care under the Children Act 1989 (1995) Child Youth Serv Rev, 17, pp. 681-696; Caprara, G.V., Rutter, M., Individual development and social change (1995), pp. 35-66. , Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, Rutter M, Smith DJ, eds. Chichester, England: Wiley; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Child Dev, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 575-580; Cox, A., Rutter, M., Yule, B., Quinton, D., Bias resulting from missing information: Some epidemiological findings (1977) J Epidemiol Community Health, 31, pp. 131-136; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1994) Int J Law Fam, 5, pp. 258-276; Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M.T., Adolescent resiliency to family adversity (1996) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 37, pp. 281-292; Fombonne, E., Depressive disorders time trends and possible explanatory mechanisms (1995), pp. 544-615. , Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, Rutter M, Smith D, eds. Chichester, England: Wiley; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 25, pp. 170-178; Harrington, R.C., Annotation: The natural history and treatment of child and adolescent affective disorders (1992) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 33, pp. 1287-1302; Heath, A., Colton, M., Aldgate, J., Failure to escape: A longitudinal study of foster children's educational attainment (1989) Br J Soc Work, 24, pp. 241-260; Hetherington, E.M., Stanley-Hagan, M., The adjustment of children with divorced parents: A risk and resiliency perspective (1999) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 40, pp. 129-140; Higgins, E.T., Self-discrepancy: A theory relating to self and affect (1987) Psychol Rev, 18, pp. 181-184; Hirst, M.A., Bradshaw, J.R., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory: A comparison of measures of stress (1983) J Psychosom Res, 27, pp. 193-199; Jenkins, J.M., Smith, M.A., Factors protecting children living in disharmonious homes: Maternal reports (1990) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 29, pp. 60-69; Kovacs, M., Depressive disorders in childhood: An impressionistic landscape (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 287-298; Maclean, M., (1991) Surviving Divorce: Women's Resources After Separation, , London: Macmillan; McGee, R., Feehan, M., Williams, S., Long-term follow-up of a birth cohort (1995), pp. 366-384. , The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Verhulst FC, Koot HM, eds. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., An evaluation of the Malaise Inventory (1986) J Psychosom Res, 30, pp. 147-152; (1997) Social Focus on Families, , London: HMSO; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class differences in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal perspective (1992) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 27, pp. 284-291; Randall, G., (1989) Homeless and Hungry, , London: Centrepoint; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) J R Soc Med, 71, pp. 489-493; Romans, S.E., McNoe, B.M., Herbison, G.P., Walton, V.A., Mullen, P.E., Cigarette smoking and psychiatric morbidity in women (1993) Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 27, pp. 399-404; Rutter, M., Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in serious parenting difficulties (1989), pp. 317-348. , Child Maltreatment, Cicchetti D, Carlson V, eds. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Casual concepts and their testing (1995), pp. 7-34. , Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, Rutter M, Smith D, eds. Chichester, England: Wiley; Rutter, M., Smith, D., (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, , Chichester, England: Wiley; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993), Life at 33, Ferri E, ed. London: National Children's Bureau; Skuse, D., Bentovim, A., Physical and emotional maltreatment (1994), pp. 209-229. , Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches, Rutter M, Taylor E, Hersov L, eds, Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications; Thorpe, K., Golding, J., MacGillivray, I., Greenwood, R., Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons (1991) Br Med J, 302, pp. 875-878; Wallerstein, J.S., The long-term effects of divorce on children: A review (1991) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 30, pp. 231-236 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033785915&doi=10.1097%2f00004583-200011000-00016&partnerID=40&md5=592624f32b9dc0fd259da5271526932b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age stratification and class formation: A longitudinal study of the social mobility of young men and women, 1971-1991 T2 - Work, Employment and Society J2 - Work Employ. Soc. VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 49 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1177/09500170022118257 SN - 09500170 (ISSN) AU - Egerton, M. AU - Savage, M. AD - London University, United Kingdom AD - Manchester University, United Kingdom AB - This paper examines the relationship between processes of demographic class formation, gender inequality and age stratification in England and Wales between 1971 and 1991. Existing research shows that the complex process of class restructuring which took place in these years is linked to considerable changes in the position of women, especially related to their growing numbers in professional and managerial occupations. We seek to show that changing processes of age stratification were also related to the remaking of class and gender relations in these years. Data from the Longitudinal Study (approximately 193,000 men and 203,000 women aged 23-57 in two age cohorts; 1971 and 1981), Samples of Anonymised Records (approximately 121,500 men and 126,000 women aged 23-57 in 1991), General Household Survey 1983-1992 (32,609 men and 16,191 women aged 23-57 in fulltime employment) and from the National Child Development Study, 1981 and 1991 (2205 men and 887 women aged 23 and 33, in fulltime employment) were used to examine the movement of individuals through changing opportunity structures over the twenty-year period. We found a distinct hardening of the relationship between age and class in these two decades for men, with a marked increase in social polarisation between young men and older men, but for women this relationship was very different, with young women seeing considerable evidence of an improvement in their fortunes. N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Abbott, A., Hrycak, A., Measuring resemblances in sequence data (1990) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 144-185; Arber, S., Evandrou, M., (1993) Ageing, Independence and the Life Course, , London: Jessica Kinglsey; Arber, S., Ginn, J., (1991) Gender and Later Life: a Sociological Analysis of Resources and Constraints, , London: Sage; Bradley, H., (1996) Fractured Identities: Changing Patterns of Inequality, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Butler, T., Savage, M., (1995) Social Change and the Middle Classes, , London: UCL Press; Castells, M., (1996) The Rise of Network Society, , Oxford: Blackwells; Crompton, R., (1993) Class and Stratification, , Oxford: Polity; Crompton, R., (1995) Women's Employment and the "Middle Class", , Butler and Savage (eds); Crompton, R., (1997) Women and Work in Modern Britain, , Oxford: OUP; Crompton, R., Sanderson, K., (1990) Gendered Jobs and Social Change, , London: Unwin Hyman; Fennell, G., Phillipson, C., Evers, H., (1988) The Sociology of Old Age, , Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and ESRC; Fielding, A.J., Migration and middle-class formation in England and Wales, 1981-1991 (1995) Social Change and the Middle Classes, , T. Butler and M. Savage (eds), London: UCL Press; Foner, A., Age inequalities: Are they epiphenomena of the class system (1988) Social Change and the Life Course: Vol 3, Social Structures and Human Lives, 3. , M. W. Riley with B. J. Huber and B. B. Hess (ed.), Newbury Park, Sage; Furlong, A., Cartmel, F., (1997) Young People and Social Change: Individualisation and Risk in Late Modernity, , Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Gershuny, J., Post-industrial career structures in Britain (1993) Changing Classes: Stratification and Mobility in Post-industrial Societies, pp. 136-170. , G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), London: Sage; Giddens, A., (1990) The Consequences of Modernity, , Oxford: Polity; Goldthorpe, J.H., (1980) Social Mobility and the Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon; Goldthorpe, J., On the service class: Its formation and future (1982) Classes and the Division of Labour, , A. Giddens and G. MacKenzie (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge UP; Goodman, A., Johnson, P., Webb, S., (1997) Inequality in the UK, , Oxford: Oxford UP; Griffin, L.J., Temporality, events and explanation in historical sociology (1990) Sociological Methods and Research, pp. 403-427; Halford, S., Savage, M., Witz, A., (1997) Gender, Careers and Organisations: Current Developments in Nursing, Local Authorities and Banking, , Basingstoke: MacMillan; Harvey, D., (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity, , Oxford: Blackwells; Irwin, S., (1995) Rights of Passage: Social Change and the Transition from Youth to Adulthood, , London: UCL Press; Irwin, S., Age related distributive justice and claims on resources (1996) British Journal of Sociology, 47 (1), pp. 69-92; Irwin, S., Age, generation and inequality: A reply to the reply (1998) British Journal of Sociology, 49 (2), pp. 305-310; James, A., Prout, A., (1990) Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Childhood, , London: Falmer; Marshall, G., Newby, H., Rose, D., Vogler, C., (1988) Social Class in Modern Britain, , London: Hutchinson; Mills, C., Managerial and professional work-histories (1995) Social Change and the Middle Classes, , T. Butler and M. Savage (eds), London: UCL Press; (1997) Longitudinal Study Newsletter, 17. , London: ONS; Preston, S., Children and the elderly: Divergent paths for America's dependents (1984) Demography, 21 (4), pp. 435-457; Phillips, D., Sarre, P., Black middle class formation in contemporary Britain (1995) Social Change and the Middle Classes, , T. Butler and M. Savage (eds), London: UCL Press; Roberts, K., (1995) Youth and Employment in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Savage, M., Social mobility and the survey method: A critical analysis (1996) Pathways to Social Class: Qualitative Approaches to Social Mobility, , D Bertaux and P. Thompson (eds), Oxford: Clarendon; Savage, M., Barlow, J., Dickens, P., Fielding, A.J., (1992) Property, Bureaucracy and Culture: Middle Class Formation in Contemporary Britain, , London: Routledge; Savage, M., Egerton, M., Social mobility, individual ability and the inheritance of class inequality (1997) Sociology, 31 (4), pp. 645-672; Turner, B.S., Ageing, politics and sociological theory (1989) British Journal of Sociology, 40 (4), pp. 588-606; Turner, B.S., Ageing and generational conflicts: A reply to Sarah Irwin (1998) British Journal of Sociology, 49 (2), pp. 299-304; Walby, S., (1997) Gender Transformation, , London: Routledge; White, H.S., (1970) Chains of Opportunity, , Cambridge, Mass: Harvard UP; Witz, A., Gender and service-class formation (1995) Social Change and the Middle Classes, , T. Butler and M. Savage (eds), London: UCL Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034147005&doi=10.1177%2f09500170022118257&partnerID=40&md5=7288ccf4ca4b2ab99bd30499caa40680 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tracking of body mass index from childhood to adolescence: A 6-y follow-up study in China T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 1018 EP - 1024 PY - 2000 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Wang, Y. AU - Ge, K. AU - Popkin, B.M. AD - Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, 123 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, United States AB - Background: Although extensive descriptive research shows that childhood obesity predisposes a person to adult obesity, little is understood about the dynamics of weight during childhood and the predictors of weight tracking. Objective: Our objective was to examine tracking patterns of body mass index (BMI) as well as their predictors between childhood and adolescence. Design: A cohort of 975 Chinese children aged 6-13 y was followed for 6 y (1991-1997). Tracking of BMI was defined as an individual maintaining a certain status (overweight or underweight) or relative position (relative BMI quartile) over time. Relative BMI related BMI to age- and sex-specific BMI cutoffs. Results: After 6 y, ≃40% of the subjects had maintained their relative positions, but 30% had moved into a lower or higher quartile. The BMIs of thin and fat children were more likely to track: 51% and 46% remained in the bottom and upper quartiles, respectively. Nearly one-third of the underweight children remained underweight in 1997. Overweight children were 2.8 times as likely as all other children to become overweight adolescents; underweight children were 3.6 times as likely to remain underweight as adolescents. Parental obesity and underweight, individuals' initial BMIs, dietary fat intake, and family income helped predict tracking and changes in BMI. Conclusion: In a society undergoing enormous changes in diet and activity, BMI tracking is still very important between childhood and adolescence in China. KW - Adolescent KW - BMI KW - Body composition KW - Body mass index KW - Body weight KW - Child KW - China KW - Dietary intakes KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Tracking KW - Underweight KW - adolescent KW - article KW - body composition KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child KW - China KW - dietary intake KW - fat intake KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - malnutrition KW - obesity KW - prediction KW - social behavior KW - Adolescent KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Composition KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - China KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dietary Fats KW - Eating KW - Female KW - Human KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Nutritional Status KW - Obesity KW - Regression Analysis KW - Rural Population KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Urban Population N1 - Cited By :125 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 11010946 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Popkin, B.M.; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, 123 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, United States; email: popkin@unc.edu N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Dietary Fats N1 - References: Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 955-959; Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Two-decade follow-up of fatness in early childhood (1985) Am J Dis Child, 139, pp. 181-185; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Avons, P., Patois, E., Sempe, M., Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 219-229; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., The prediction in boys and girls of the weight/height index and various skinfold measurements in adults: A two-decade follow-up study (1989) Int J Obes, 13, pp. 305-311; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Siervogel, R.M., Age- and maturity-related changes in body composition during adolescence into adulthood: The Fels Longitudinal Study (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 1167-1175; Mossberg, H.O., 40-year follow-up of overweight children (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 491-493; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood Am J Clin Nutr 1999, 70 (SUPPL.), pp. 145S-148S; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Dietz, W.H., Periods of risk in childhood for the development of adult obesity - What do we need to learn? (1997) J Nutr, 127, pp. 1884S-1886S; Twisk, J.W., Kemper, H.C., Mellenbergh, G.J., Mathematical and analytical aspects of tracking (1994) Epidemiol Rev, 16, pp. 165-183; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Adiposity rebound in children: A simple indicator for predicting obesity (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 39, pp. 129-135; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Popkin, B.M., Ge, K., Zhai, F., Guo, X., Ma, H., Zohoori, N., The nutrition transition in China: A cross-sectional analysis (1993) Eur J Clin Nutr, 47, pp. 333-346; Zhai, F., Guo, X., Popkin, B., The evaluation of the 24-hour individual recall method in China (1996) Food Nutr Bull, 17, pp. 154-161; Wang, Y., Popkin, B.M., Zhai, F., The nutritional status and dietary pattern of Chinese adolescents, 1991 and 1993 (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 908-916; (1991), Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine. Food composition tables. Beijing: People's Health Press; Guo, X., Popkin, B.M., Mroz, T.A., Zhai, F., Food price policy can favorably alter macronutrient intake in China (1999) J Nutr, 129, pp. 994-1001; Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., Dietz, W.H., Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1240-1243; Physical status, the use and interpretation of anthropometry (1995) World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 854 (161-311), p. 445; Must, A., Dallal, G.E., Dietz, W.H., Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 839-846; Himes, J.H., Dietz, W.H., Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee. The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 307-316; Poskitt, E.M.E., Defining childhood obesity: The relative body mass index (BMI) (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 961-963; Ge, K., (1999), p. 473. , The dietary and nutritional status of Chinese population - Children and adolescents (1992 National Nutrition Survey). Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House; Stokes, M.E., Davis, C.S., Kock, G.G., (1995), pp. 33-36. , Categorical data analysis using the SAS system. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; Young people's health - A challenge for society. Report of a WHO Study Group on Young People and 'Health for All by the Year 2000.' (1986) World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, p. 731; Chen, C.M., Nutrition status of the Chinese people (1996) Biomed Environ Sci, 9, pp. 81-92; Shen, T., Habicht, J.P., Chang, Y., Effect of economic reforms on child growth in urban and rural areas of China (1996) N Engl J Med, 335, pp. 400-406; Smith, C.J., (Over) eating success: The health consequences of the restoration of capitalism in rural China (1993) Soc Sci Med, 37, pp. 761-770; Benewick, R., Wingrove, P., (1990), China in the 1990s. 2nd ed. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press; Boersma, B., Wit, J.M., Catch-up growth (1997) Endocr Rev, 18, pp. 646-661; Largo, R.H., Catch-up growth during adolescence (1993) Horm Res, 39, pp. 41-48; Greco, L., Power, C., Peckham, C., Adult outcome of normal children who are short or underweight at age 7 years (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 696-700; Brown, J.L., Sherman, L.P., Policy implications of new scientific knowledge (1995) J Nutr, 125, pp. 2281S-2284S; Grantham-McGregor, S., A review of studies of the effect of severe malnutrition on mental development (1995) J Nutr, 125, pp. 2233S-2238S; Brown, J.L., Pollitt, E., Malnutrition, poverty and intellectual development (1996) Sci Am, 274, pp. 38-43; Whitaker, R.C., Pepe, M.S., Wright, J.A., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Early adiposity rebound and the risk of adult obesity (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. E5. , abstr; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 4-18; Guo, X., Popkin, B.M., Zhai, F., Patterns of change in food consumption and dietary fat intake in Chinese adults. 1989-1993 (1999) Food Nutr Bull, 20, pp. 344-353; Wu, G., Guo, S., Wang, N., A follow-up study on children examining obesity and hypertension (1997) Chin Med J, 77, pp. 18-21. , in Chinese; Falkner, F., Tanner, J.M., (1986), 230, pp. 308-313. , Human growth: a comprehensive treatise. Volume 3: methodology and ecological, genetic, and nutritional effects on growth. New York: Plenum Press; Lin, W.S., Chen, A.C., Su, J.Z., The menarcheal age of Chinese girls (1992) Ann Hum Biol, 19, pp. 503-512; Liu, G.R., An investigation of adolescent health from China (1997) J Adolesc Health, 20, pp. 306-308; Wang, Y., Adair, L.S., Adjusting for maturity alters assessment of overweight prevalence among adolescents in different populations (1999) FASEB J, 13, pp. A597. , abstr; Ye, G., Chen, J., Progress in the study of child health in China, 1996 (1996) Chin Med J, 76, pp. 922-923. , in Chinese; Ye, G., Sun, J., Progress in the study of child health in China, 1997 (1997) Chin Med J, 77, pp. 941-942. , in Chinese UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033796789&partnerID=40&md5=5413bac1b417ccf89b172b964fd07a2b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational income mobility in Sweden: What do tax-data show? T2 - Review of Income and Wealth J2 - Rev. Income Wealth VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 421 EP - 436 PY - 2000 SN - 00346586 (ISSN) AU - Österberg, T. AD - University of Goteborg, Sweden AB - The aim of this paper is to investigate intergenerational income mobility in Sweden by means of a representative sample drawn from tax-data files. Longitudinal data on actual parent-child pairs spanning 1978-92 are employed. Regression and correlation coefficients are analyzed and transition matrices calculated in order to investigate income mobility over generations. The results achieved show high intergenerational income mobility in Sweden between fathers and sons in comparison to estimations performed in most other countries and more especially compared to the U.S. This indicates that Sweden does not only have lower cross-sectional income inequality, but also higher intergenerational income mobility than those countries. The mother's earnings influence children's earnings less than the father's. However, the mother's earnings correlate more strongly with a daughter's earnings than they do with that of a son. The major indication of immobility across generations is found in the upper income deciles. N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Atkinson, A.B., On intergenerational income mobility in Britain (1981) Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics, 3 (2), pp. 194-217; Behrman, J., Taubman, P., Intergenerational earnings mobility in the United States: Some estimates and a test of Beckers' intergenerational endowments model (1985) The Review of Economics and Statistics, 67, pp. 144-151. , February; Björklund, A., Jäntti, M., Intergenerational income mobility in Sweden compared to the United States (1997) American Economic Review, 87, p. 5. , December; Couch, K.A., Dunn, T.A., Intergenerational correlations in labor market status - A comparison of the United States and Germany (1996) The Journal of Human Resources, 32, p. 1; Corak, M., Heiz, A., The intergenerational income mobility of Canadian men (1996) Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series, 89. , Statistics Canada; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) The Economic Journal, 107, pp. 47-66. , January; Gustafsson, B., The degree and pattern of income immobility in Sweden (1994) Review of Income and Wealth, 40 (1), pp. 67-86. , March; Johnson, P., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility among the rich and poor: Results from the national child development survey (1996) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12, p. 1; Lillard, L.A., Kilburn, M.R., Intergenerational earnings links: Sons and daughters, RAND: Santa Monica (1995) Labor and Population Program, Working Paper, Series 95-17; Peters, H.E., Patterns of intergenerational mobility in income and earnings (1992) Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, pp. 456-466; Solon, G., Biases in estimation of inter-generational earnings correlations (1989) The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, pp. 172-174; Solon, G., Intergenerational income mobility in the United States (1992) American Economic Review, 82 (3), pp. 393-408. , June; Zimmerman, D.J., Regression toward mediocrity in economic stature (1992) American Economic Review, 83, pp. 409-429. , June UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034558068&partnerID=40&md5=3841586de634e8fb4e6d42b9c6bbf804 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutrient intakes during pregnancy: The influence of smoking status and age T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 23 PY - 2000 DO - 10.1136/jech.54.1.17 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Mathews, F. AU - Yudkin, P. AU - Smith, R.F. AU - Neil, A. AD - Division of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Division of Biomedical Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom AB - Study objective - To examine the relation of antioxidant and other nutrient intakes in pregnancy to smoking and sociodemographic variables. Design - Cohort study. Setting - St Mary's Maternity Hospital, Portsmouth. Participants - Pregnant nulliparous women, with no existing complications of pregnancy, were recruited from antenatal booking clinics. A total of 774 women completed seven day food diaries, and supplied detailed data on their use of nutrient supplements. Main results - Smokers had lower intakes of most micronutrients. After adjustment for the confounding effects of maternal age, height, and education, only vitamin C and carotenoid intakes remained significantly depressed. Age was strongly and significantly associated with the intake of most nutrients, including antioxidants, and this association was independent of other maternal factors. Antioxidant intake was therefore lowest in young women who smoked: for example smokers under 24 years had a mean vitamin C intake of 57 mg (SD 35) compared with 106 mg (SD 52) for non-smokers aged 28 and over (difference 49 mg, 95% CI 39, 59). The corresponding intakes of carotenoid equivalents were 1335 μg (SD 982) and 2093 μg (SD 1283) (difference 758 μg, 95% CI 496, 1020). Conclusions - The study has identified, for the first time, young pregnant women as a group at particular risk of low micronutrient intake. The health implications of poor nutrition now need to be evaluated, particularly for those women who smoke. KW - antioxidant KW - ascorbic acid KW - carotenoid KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - diet supplementation KW - education KW - female KW - high risk population KW - human KW - maternal age KW - maternal nutrition KW - normal human KW - pregnancy KW - smoking KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Antioxidants KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet KW - Diet Records KW - Dietary Supplements KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Maternal Age KW - Micronutrients KW - Pregnancy KW - Smoking KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :43 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 10692957 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mathews, F.; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX2 6PS, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: ascorbic acid, 134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7; Antioxidants; Micronutrients N1 - References: Rush, D., Cassano, P., Relationship of cigarette smoking and social class to birth weight and perinatal mortality among all births in Britain, 5-11 April, 1970 (1983) J Epidemiol Community Health, 37, pp. 249-255; Butler, N., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Wisborg, K., Henriksen, T.B., Hedegaard, M., Smoking during pregnancy and preterm birth (1996) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 103, pp. 800-805; Galbraith, R.S., Karchmar, E.J., Piercy, W.N., The clinical prediction of intrauterine growth retardation (1979) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 135, pp. 281-286; (1979) Smoking and Health. A Report of the Surgeon General, , Washington DC: US Govt Printing Office; Persson, P.H., Grennert, L., Gennser, G., A study of smoking and pregnancy with special respect to fetal growth (1987) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (Suppl), 33, p. 78; Scott, A., Moar, V., Ounsted, E., The relative contributions of different maternal factors in small-for-gestational age pregnancies (1981) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 12, pp. 157-165; White, A., Freeth, S., O'Brien, M., (1990) Infant Feeding, , OPCS. London: HMSO; Boiling, K., Owen, L., (1997) Smoking and Pregnancy. A Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour, , London: HEA; Foster, K., Lader, D., Cheesbrough, S., (1997) Infant Feeding 1995, , ONS. London: HMSO; Lumley, J., Stopping smoking - Again (1991) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 98, pp. 847-849; Law, M., Tang, J.L., An analysis of the effectiveness of interventions intended to help people stop smoking (1995) Arch Intern Med, 155, pp. 1933-1941; (1994) Smoking and Pregnancy: Guidance for Purchasers and Providers, , London: HEA; (1996) Living in Britain: Results from the 1994 General Household Survey, , London: HMSO; Thomas, M., Holroyd, S., Goddard, E., (1992) Smoking among Secondary School Children in 1992, , London: HMSO; Pelletier, O., Vitamin C status of cigarette smokers and non-smokers (1970) Am J Clin Nutr, 23, pp. 520-524; Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , London: HMSO; Margetts, B.M., Jackson, A.A., Interactions between people's diet and their smoking habits: The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults (1993) BMJ, 301, pp. 381-384; Bolton-Smith, C., Casey, C.E., Gey, K.F., Antioxidant vitamin intakes assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire: Correlation with biochemical status in smokers and non-smokers (1991) Br J Nutr, 65, pp. 337-346; Cade, J., Margetts, B.M., The relationship between diet and smoking: Is the diet of smokers different? (1991) J Epidemiol Community Health, 45, pp. 270-272; Zondervan, K.T., Ocke, M.C., Smit, H.A., Do dietary and supplementary intakes of antioxidants differ with smoking status? (1996) Int J Epidemiol, 25, pp. 70-79; Fehily, A., Phillips, K.M., Yarnell, J.W.G., Diet, smoking, social class, and body mass index in the Caerphilly Heart Disease Study (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 40, pp. 827-833; Jarvinen, R., Knekt, P., Seppanen, R., Antioxidant vitamins in the diet: Relationships with other personal characteristics in Finland (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, pp. 549-554; Woodward, M., Bolton-Smith, C., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Deficient health knowledge, diet and other lifestyles in smokers: Is a multifactorial approach required? (1994) Prev Med, 23, pp. 354-361; Larkin, F.A., Badiotis, P., Riddick, H.A., Dietary patterns of women smokers and non-smokers (1990) J Am Diet Assoc, 90, pp. 230-237; Halliwell, B., Cigarette smoking and health: A radical view (1993) J R Soc Health, 113, pp. 91-96; Haste, F.M., Brooke, O., Anderson, H.R., Nutrient intakes during pregnancy: Observations on the influence of smoking and social class (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 29-36; Frisancho, A.R., Matos, J., Leonard, W.R., Developmental and nutritional determinants of pregnancy outcome among teenagers (1985) Am J Phys Anthropol, 51, pp. 790-793; Scholl, T.O., Hediger, M.L., Ances, I.G., Maternal growth during pregnancy and decreased infant birth weight (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 790-793; Mathews, F., Antioxidant nutrients in pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature (1996) Nutrition Research Reviews, 9, pp. 175-195; Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study Group (1991) Lancet, 346, pp. 393-396; Haste, F.M., Brooke, O.G., Anderson, H.R., The effect of nutritional intake on outcome of pregnancy in smokers and non-smokers (1991) Br J Nutr, 65, pp. 347-354; Barker, D.J.P., The fetal origins of adult disease (1994) Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review, 6, pp. 71-80; Cosgrove, M., Davies, D.P., Poor diet in pregnancy may be a proxy for some other hostile influence on fetal growth (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1478-1479; Mathews, F., Neil, H.A.W., Nutrient intakes during pregnancy in a cohort of nulliparous women (1998) J Hum Nutr Diet, 11, pp. 151-161; (1990) Standard Occupational Classification, , London: HMSO; Knight, C.J., Wylie, P., Holman, M.S., Improved I-125 radioimmunoassay for cotinine by selective removal of bridge antibodies (1985) Clin Chem, 31, pp. 118-121; Cummings, S.R., Richard, R.J., Optimum cutoff points for biochemical validation of smoking status (1988) Am J Public Health, 78, pp. 574-575; Wagenknecht, L.E., Burke, G.L., Perkins, L.L., Misclassification of smoking status in the CARDIa study: A comparison of self-report with serum cotinine levels (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 33-36; Jarvis, M.J., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Feyerbend, C., Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 1435-1438; Haddow, J.E., Knight, G.J., Palomaki, G.E., Second-trimester serum cotinine levels in nonsmokers in relation to birth weight (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 159, pp. 481-484; Benowitz, N.L., Kuyt, F., Jacob, P., Cotinine disposition and effects (1983) Clin Pharmacol Ther, 34, pp. 604-611; Bingham, S.A., Gill, C., Welch, A., Comparison of dietary assessment methods in nutritionalpidemiology: Weighed records versus 24h recalls, food frequency questionnaires and estimated-diet records (1994) Br J Nutr, 72, pp. 619-643; Nutrition Systems, , Carlson Bengson Consultants Ltd, 21, Craven Hill, London; Holland, B., Welch, A.A., Unwin, I.D., (1991) McCance and Widdowson's the Composition of Foods. 5th Ed., , Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry; Chan, W., Brown, J., Buss, H., (1994) Miscellaneous Foods. Supplement to the Fifth Edition of McCance and Widdowson's the Composition of Foods, , Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry; Chan, W., Brown, J., Lee, S.M., (1995) Meat, Poultry and Game. Supplement to the Fifth Edition of McCance and Widdowson's the Composition of Foods, , Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry; Holland, B., Unwin, I.D., Buss, D.H., (1992) Fruit and Nuts. Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's the Composition of Foods. 5th Ed., , Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry; Holland, B., Welch, A.A., Buss, D.H., (1992) Vegetable Dishes. Second Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's the Composition of Foods. 5th Ed., , Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry; Holland, B., Brown, J., Buss, D.H., (1993) Fish and Fish Products. Third Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's the Composition of Foods. 5th Ed., , Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry; Crawley, H., (1993) Food Portion Sizes. 2nd Ed., , London: HMSO; (1987) SPSS Data Entry II, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; (1993) SPSS for Windows Base System User's Guide. Release 6.0, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Botting, B., Cooper, J., Analysing fertility and infant mortality by mother's social class as defined by occupation - Part II (1993) Popul Trends, 74, pp. 27-33; (1995) National Food Survey 1994, , London: HMSO; Mathews, F., Yudkin, P., Neil, H.A.W., Folates in the periconceptional period: Are women getting enough? (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 954-959; Omenn, G.S., Goodman, G.E., Thornquist, M.D., The effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin a on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease (1996) N Engl J Med, 334, pp. 1150-1155; The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene supplements on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers (1994) N Engl J Med, 330, pp. 1029-1035 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033989569&doi=10.1136%2fjech.54.1.17&partnerID=40&md5=eb0518f2cda0bca0a269595e9c5523c0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence on the Relationship between Low Income and Poor Health: Is the Government Doing Enough? T2 - Fiscal Studies J2 - Fisc. Stud. VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 375 EP - 399 PY - 2000 SN - 01435671 (ISSN) AU - Benzeval, M. AU - Taylor, J. AU - Judge, K. AD - School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia AB - The government's report, Opportunity for All: Tackling Poverty and Social Exclusion (Department of Social Security, 1999), identified poor health as one of the major problems associated with low income. However, much of the available evidence on the relationship between income and health is of little help in forming policies to reduce health inequalities, as it has tended to be based on cross-section surveys and is therefore unable to shed much light on causal effects. Here, we make use of two British longitudinal datasets to examine the longer-term influences of income on health within a life-course perspective. We then use the results of our analysis to provide a brief critical assessment of the likely success of the government's anti-poverty strategy in reducing health inequalities. A more detailed assessment of government policy in this respect can be found in Benzeval et al. (forthcoming). N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Bartley, M., Popay, J., Plewis, I., Domestic conditions, paid employment and women's experience of ill health (1992) Sociology of Health and Illness, 14, pp. 313-343; Bell, B., Blundell, R., Van Reenen, J., Getting the unemployed back to work: The role of targeted wage subsidies (1999) Working Paper No. W99/12, , Institute for Fiscal Studies; Benzeval, M., The self-reported health status of lone parents (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46, pp. 1337-1353; Dilnot, A., Judge, K., Taylor, J., Income and health over the lifecourse: Evidence and policy implications Understanding Health Inequalities, , (forthcoming), H. Graham (ed.), Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Judge, K., Income and health: The time dimension Social Science and Medicine, , forthcoming; Blair, T., (1999) Beveridge Lecture, , 18 March, Toynbee Hall, London; Blundell, R., Browning, M., Meghir, C., A microeconometric model of intertemporal substitution and consumer demand (1994) Review of Economic Studies, 61, pp. 57-80; Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Reed, H., (1997) Higher Education, Employment and Earnings in Britain, , London: Institute for Fiscal Studies; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) Economic Journal, 107, pp. 47-66; (1998) Our Healthier Nation: A Contract for Health - A Consultation Paper, , Cm. 3852, London: Stationery Office; (1999) Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation, , Cm. 4386, London: Stationery Office; (1999) Reducing Health Inequalities: An Action Report, , London: Department of Health; (1999) Opportunity for All: Tackling Poverty and Social Exclusion - The Changing Welfare State, First Annual Report, , Cm. 4445, London: Stationery Office; Duncan, G., Income dynamics and health (1996) International Journal of Health Services, 26, pp. 419-444; Brooks-Gunn, J., (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Elder, G., Liker, J., Hard times in women's lives: Historical influences across forty years (1982) American Journal of Sociology, 88, pp. 241-269; Ellwood, D., Dynamic policy making: An insider's account of reforming US welfare (1998) The Dynamics of Modern Society, , L. Leisering and R. Walker (eds), Bristol: Policy Press; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Flavin, M.A., The adjustment of consumption to changing expectations about future income (1981) Journal of Political Economy, 89, pp. 974-1009; Gregg, P., Johnson, P., Reed, H., (1999) Entering Work and the British Tax and Benefit System, , London: Institute for Fiscal Studies; Hirdes, J., Brown, J., Forbes, W., Vigoda, D., Crawford, L., The association between self-reported income and perceived health based on the Ontario longitudinal study of aging (1986) Canadian Journal of Aging, 5, pp. 189-204; Hobcraft, J., Intergenerational and lifecourse transmission of social exclusion: Influences of childhood poverty, family disruption and contact with the police (1998) CASEPaper No. 15, , London School of Economics, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion; Kiernan, K., Childhood poverty, early motherhood and adult social exclusion (1999) CASEPaper No. 28, , London School of Economics, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion; (2000) Response to the Budget, , http://ifs.org.uk/budget; Jarvis, S., Jenkins, S., (1998) Net Family Income Dataset, , ESRC Data Archive, University of Essex, Colchester; Jenkins, S., Modelling household income dynamics (1999) Working Paper No. 99-1, , University of Essex, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change; Kaplan, G., Salonen, J., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age (1990) British Medical Journal, 301, pp. 1121-1123; Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Social pathways between childhood and adult health (1997) A Life-Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , D. Kuh and Y. Ben-Shlomo (eds), Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; (2000) The National Minimum Wage: The Story so Far, , Second Report of the Low Pay Commission, London: LPC; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Social Science and Medicine, 36, pp. 1047-1052; McDonough, P., Duncan, G., Williams, D., House, J., Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989 (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 1476-1483; Meghir, C., Taylor, J., Parental investments and adult health outcomes (1999) Eighth European Workshop on Econometrics and Health Economics, , Catania, Sicily, 8-11 September; Menchik, P., Economic status as a determinant of mortality among black and white older men: Does poverty kill? (1993) Population Studies, 47, pp. 427-436; Mullis, R., Measures of economic well-being as predictors of psychological well-being (1992) Social Indicators Research, 26, pp. 119-135; Peck, N., Vagero, D., Adult body height, self-perceived health and mortality in the Swedish population (1989) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 43, pp. 380-384; Piachaud, D., Progress on poverty (1999) New Economy, 6, pp. 154-160; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1990) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman & Hall; Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) The Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Smith, K.R., Zick, C.D., Linked lives, dependent demise? Survival analysis of husbands and wives (1994) Demography, 31, pp. 81-93; Stewart, S., On least squares estimation when the dependent variable is grouped (1983) Review of Economic Studies, 50, pp. 737-753; Taylor, M., Appendix: Sampling characteristics, attrition and weighting (1994) Changing Households: The British Household Panel Survey 1990-2, , N. Buck, J. Gershuny, D. Rose and J. Scott (eds), Colchester: ESRC Research Centre for Micro-Social Change, University of Essex; (1998) British Household Panel Survey User Manual: Introduction, Technical Reports and Appendices, , Colchester: ESRC Research Centre for Micro-Social Change, University of Essex UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0012981155&partnerID=40&md5=a6bac96c36ca74afa9d3be1f60936fa3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does financial hardship account for elevated psychological distress in lone mothers? T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 49 IS - 12 SP - 1637 EP - 1649 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00251-8 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Hope, S. AU - Power, C. AU - Rodgers, B. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - NHMRC, Psychiat. Epidemiol. Research Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia AB - Lone mothers have been shown to have higher levels of psychological distress than married mothers, but it is not clear how this difference arises. Using data from the 1958 British birth cohort followed to age 33, we investigated alternative explanations for the excess distress of lone mothers. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for distress (measured using the Malaise Inventory) in lone vs married mothers. Odds ratios were adjusted to assess the contribution of explanatory factors. At age 33, psychological distress was greater among lone than married mothers (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.97, 3.41). The odds ratio decreased to 1.43 (95% CI 1.02, 2.01) after adjustment for all explanatory factors (prior psychological distress, age of youngest child and number of children in the household, and contemporary measures of financial hardship, employment, and social support). Attenuation of the odds ratio was most marked after taking account of financial hardship. Psychological distress was greater among divorced mothers than never married mothers, though not significantly (OR=1.70, 95% CI 0.88, 3.28). This difference was not explained by the factors examined, and was not due to the immediate distress associated with a recent divorce. Elevated psychological distress of lone mothers appears to be related to financial hardship, while other explanations, including social support and selection, have a more modest impact. Not all of the elevated psychological distress among lone mothers was accounted for, particularly among divorced lone mothers. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. KW - Birth cohort study KW - Financial hardship KW - Lone motherhood KW - Psychological distress KW - adult KW - article KW - Australia KW - controlled study KW - distress syndrome KW - divorce KW - employment KW - female KW - financial management KW - human KW - marriage KW - risk KW - single parent KW - social support KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Depression KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Mothers KW - Odds Ratio KW - Poverty KW - Prevalence KW - Registries KW - Single Parent KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Stress, Psychological N1 - Cited By :103 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 10574235 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Department Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University College of London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Anson, O., Marital-status and women's health revisited - The importance of a proximate adult (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 185-194; Bartley, M., Poppay, J., Plewis, I., Domestic conditions, paid employment and women's experience of ill-health (1992) Sociology of Health and Illness, 14, pp. 311-343; Benzeval, M., The self-reported health status of lone parents (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46, pp. 1337-1353; Booth, A., Amato, P., Divorce and psychological stress (1991) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, pp. 396-407; Bromberger, J.T., Matthews, K.A., Employment status and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: A longitudinal investigation (1994) American Journal of Public Health, 84, pp. 202-206; Brown, G.W., Harris, T., (1978) Social Origins of Depression: a Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , Tavistock, London; Brown, G.W., Moran, P.M., Single mothers, poverty and depression (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 21-33; Bruce, M.L., Takeuchi, D.T., Leaf, P.J., Poverty and psychiatric status (1991) Archive of General Psychiatry, 48, pp. 470-474; Cohen, J., (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Ed., , Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey; Davies, L., Avison, W.R., McAlpine, D.D., Significant life experiences and depression among single and married mothers (1997) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, pp. 294-308; Doherty, W.J., Su, S., Needle, R., Marital disruption and psychological well-being (1989) Journal of Family Issues, 10, pp. 72-85; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau and City University, London; Finch, J., Kinship and friendship (1989) British Social Attitudes: Special International Report, pp. 87-103. , Jowell, R., Witherspoon, S., Brook, L. (Eds.), Gower Publishing, Aldershot; Gerstel, N., Riessman, C.K., Rosenfield, S., Explaining the symptomatology of separated and divorced women and men: The role of material conditions and social networks (1985) Social Forces, 64, pp. 84-101; Giles, C., Johnson, P., McCrae, J., Taylor, J., (1996) Living with the State: The Incomes and Work Incentives of Tenants in the Social Rented Sector, , Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Gore, S., Mangione, T.W., Social roles and psychological distress: Additive and interactive models of sex differences (1983) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, pp. 300-312; Hall, L.A., Williams, C.A., Greenberg, R.S., Supports, stressors, and depressive symptoms in low-income mothers of young children (1985) American Journal of Public Health, 75, pp. 518-522; Haskey, J., Lone parents and married parents with dependent children in Great Britain: A comparison of their occupation and social class profiles (1993) Population Trends, 72, pp. 34-44; Haskey, J., Estimated numbers of one-parent families and their prevalence in Great Britain in 1991 (1994) Population Trends, 78, pp. 5-19; Haskey, J., Population review: (6) families and households in Great Britain (1996) Population Trends, 85, pp. 7-24; Hills, J., (1998) Income and Wealth: The Latest Evidence, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York; Hope, S., Rodgers, B., Power, C., Marital status transitions and psychological distress: Longitudinal evidence from a national population sample (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 381-389; Kempson, E., (1996) Life on a low Income, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York; Kessler, R.C., Magee, W.J., Childhood adversities and adult depression: Basic patterns of association in a US national survey (1993) Psychological Medicine, 23, pp. 679-690; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Single mothers in Ontario: Sociodemographic, physical and mental health characteristics (1997) Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156, pp. 639-645; Lorenz, F.O., Simons, R.L., Conger, R.D., Elder, G.H., Johnson, C., Chao, W., Married and recently divorced mothers' stressful events and distress: Tracing change across time (1997) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, pp. 219-232; Macran, S., Clarke, L., Joshi, H., Women's health: Dimensions and differentials (1996) Social Science and Medicine, 42, pp. 1203-1216; Matthews, S., Stansfeld, S., Power, C., Social support at age 33: The influence of gender, employment status and social class (1999) Social Science and Medicine, 49, pp. 133-142; Maughan, B., Lindelow, M., Secular change in psychosocial risks: The case of teenage motherhood (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 1129-1144; McLanahan, S., Adams, J., Parenthood and psychological well-being (1987) Annual Review of Sociology, 5, pp. 237-257; McLanahan, S., Adams, J., The effects of children on adults' psychological well-being: 1957-1976 (1989) Social Forces, 68, pp. 124-146; McLanahan, S.S., Family structure and stress: A longitudinal comparison of two-parent and female-headed families (1983) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, pp. 347-357; Meltzer, H., Gill, B., Petticrew, M., Hinds, K., (1995) The Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity among Adults Living in Private Households, p. 1. , HMSO, London; Moss, P., Plewis, I., Mental distress in mothers of preschool children in Inner London (1977) Psychological Medicine, 7, pp. 641-652; Olson, S.L., Kieschnick, E., Banyard, V., Ceballo, R., Socioenvironmental and individual correlates of psychological adjustment in low-income single mothers (1994) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, pp. 317-331; (1996) Living in Britain: Results from the 1994 General Household Survey, , HMSO, London; Pearlin, L.I., Johnson, J.S., Marital status, life-strains and depression (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 704-715; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class differences in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal perspective (1992) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, pp. 284-291; Reeves, J., Kendrick, D., Denman, S., Roberts, H., Lone mothers: Their health and lifestyle (1994) Health Education Journal, 53, pp. 291-299; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; Rodgers, B., Socio-economic status, employment and neurosis (1991) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, pp. 104-114; Rodgers, B., Separation, divorce and mental health (1995) Mental Health, pp. 105-115. , Jorm, A.F. (Ed.), Men and National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra; Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; Ross, C.E., Huber, J., Hardship and depression (1985) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, pp. 312-327; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Yule, W., Graham, P., Isle of Wight studies: 1964-1974 (1976) Psychological Medicine, 6, pp. 313-332; Simons, R.L., Beaman, J., Conger, R.D., Chao, W., Stress, support, and antisocial behavior trait as determinants of emotional well-being and parenting practices among single mothers (1993) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, pp. 385-398; Søgaard, A.J., Kritz-Silverstein, D., Wingard, D.L., Finnmark heart study: Employment status and parenthood as predictors of psychological health in women, 20-49 years (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 23, pp. 82-90; Stoltz, P., Single mothers and the dilemmas of universal social policies (1997) Journal of Social Policy, 26, pp. 425-443; Warr, P., Parry, G., Paid employment and women's psychological wellbeing (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 91, pp. 498-516; Weich, S., Lewis, G., Material standard of living, social class, and the prevalence of common mental disorders in Great Britain (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52, pp. 8-14; Weich, S., Slogett, A., Lewis, G., Social roles and gender difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, pp. 489-493; Weissman, M.M., Leaf, P.J., Bruce, M.L., Single parent women: A community study (1987) Social Psychiatry, 22, pp. 29-36; Wertlieb, D., Budman, S., Demby, A., Randall, M., Marital separation and health: Stress and intervention (1984) Journal of Human Stress, 10, pp. 18-26 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032821085&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2899%2900251-8&partnerID=40&md5=f510b7b42c514ada633910282cfefe66 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are Care Leavers Significantly Dissatisfied and Depressed in Adult Life? T2 - Adoption and Fostering J2 - Adopt. Foster. VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 35 EP - 40 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1177/030857599902300407 SN - 03085759 (ISSN) AU - Buchanan, A. AD - Hilda’s College, Oxford, United Kingdom AB - Using data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS), Ann Buchanan explores the links between children who have been ‘in care’ (as they were known pre-Children Act 1989), life satisfaction in adult life, psychological problems at 16 and depression at 33. In adult life, children who had been in care were less satisfied with their lives and were significantly more at risk of psychological problems at age 16 and depression at age 33. Despite this finding, three out of four children did not have psychological problems at 16, and four out of five did not have such problems at 33. Those who were satisfied with their lives were more likely to have qualifications, jobs and partners, but since life satisfaction can relate to out-of-home and out-of-work activities, this paper suggests that creating opportunities for young people to develop these outside interests as they grow up may increase their sense of self-worth and indirectly protect them from later mental health problems. © 1999, © 1999 British Association for Adoption & Fostering. KW - emotional well-being KW - life satisfaction KW - longitudinal studies KW - looked after children KW - NCDS PB - SAGE Publications Ltd N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Buchanan, A.; Hilda’s CollegeUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis (1991) Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp. 26-46. , : pp; Andrews, F.M., Robinson, J.P., Measures of subjective well-being (1991) Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, , San Diego: Academic Press,, ’, in (eds); (1996) Too Much — Too Young: The failure of social policy in meeting the needs of care leavers, , London: Action on Aftercare Consortium; Bebbington, A., Miles, J., The background of children who enter local authority care (1989) British Journal of Social Work, 19, pp. 349-368. , pp; Bradshaw, J., (1990) Child Poverty and Deprivation in the UK, , London: National Children's Bureau; Bradshaw, J., Millar, J., (1991) Lone Parent Families in the UK, Department of Social Security Report 6, , London: HMSO; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J.A., (1997) What Happened when they were Grown Up? Outcomes for parenting experiences, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Buchanan, A., Wheal, A., Walder, D., Macdonald, S., Coker, R., (1993) Answering Back: Report by young people being looked after on The Children Act 1989, , University of Southampton: CEDR; Lansdale, P.L.C., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634. , pp; Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 38, pp. 575-580. , pp; (1995) Bridges over Troubled Waters, , London: HMSO; Knapp, M., Economic evaluations and interventions for children and adolescents with mental health problems (1997) Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 38, pp. 3-26. , pp; Utting, W., (1991) Children in the Public Care, , London: HMSO; Utting, W., (1997) People Like Us: The report of the Review of Safeguards for Children Living Away from Home, , London: The Stationery Office UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038451672&doi=10.1177%2f030857599902300407&partnerID=40&md5=dd77d9e82dcf8af94e70c8875dc6711c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of intrauterine growth retardation on physical growth of Pakistani squatter children from birth to 2 years of age T2 - Journal of Tropical Pediatrics J2 - J. Trop. Pediatr. VL - 45 IS - 6 SP - 338 EP - 344 PY - 1999 SN - 01426338 (ISSN) AU - Fikree, F.F. AU - Rahbar, M.H. AU - Berendes, H.W. AD - Dept. of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan AD - Div. Epidemiol., Stat. Prev. Res., Natl. Inst. Child Hlth. Hum. Devmt., National Institutes of Health, Maryland, NY, United States AD - Department of Community Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan AB - A birth cohort of 727 squatter children from Karachi was followed to study growth patterns by measuring anthropometric parameters at specific ages during the first 2 years of life. The mean weight and length of the intrauterine growth retarded and appropriate for gestational age children fell below the 10th percentile of the NCHS standards after 9 months and further deteriorated in the subsequent study period. However, the intrauterine growth retarded children showed slightly higher growth velocities compared to appropriate for gestational age children in the first few months for all four measurements, but subsequently these differences in growth velocities diminished. Our results suggest that nutrition intervention strategies should begin in early pregnancy. KW - anthropometric parameters KW - article KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child growth KW - female KW - growth rate KW - health education KW - human KW - human experiment KW - infant KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - male KW - newborn KW - normal human KW - nutritional status KW - Pakistan KW - preschool child KW - social class KW - urban area KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth Weight KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Fetal Growth Retardation KW - Gestational Age KW - Growth Disorders KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Pakistan KW - Poverty KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JTRPA C2 - 10667002 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fikree, F.F.; Department of Community Health, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; email: chsaku@cyber.net.pk N1 - References: Hamill, P.V., Drizd, T.A., Johnson, C.L., Reed, R.B., Roche, A.F., (1977) NCHS Growth Curves for Children Birth-18 Years, , DHEW Publications, Washington, DC, NO (PHS) 78-1650, Series 11, No 165; Gracey, M., Anderson, C.M., Brooks, B., Low birthweight and impaired growth to 5 years in Australian aborigines (1989) Aust Paediatr J, 25, pp. 279-283; Ghosh, S., Hooja, V., Ahmad, S.H., Acharyulu, R.C., Bhargava, S.K., A longitudinal study of length, weight and head circumference from birth to 2 years among children of high socioeconomic urban community in Delhi (1974) Indian Paediatr, 11, pp. 395-398; Barros, F.C., Huttly, S.R.A., Victora, C.G., Kirkwood, B.R., Vaughan, J.P., Comparison of the causes and consequences of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation: A longitudinal study in Southern Brazil (1992) Pediatrics, 90, pp. 238-244; Karlberg, J., Ashraf, R.N., Saleemi, M., Yaqoob, M., Jalil, F., Early child health in Lahore, Pakistan: XI (1993) Growth. Acta Paediatr Scand (Suppl.), 390, pp. 119-149; Kramer, M.S., Determinants of low birth weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis (1987) Bull WHO, 65, pp. 663-737; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., Perinatal problems (1969) The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Das, B.K., Mishra, R.N., Mishra, O.P., Bhargava, V., Prakash, A., Comparative outcome of low birthweight babies (1993) Indian Pediatr, 30, pp. 15-21; McCormick, M.C., The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood mortality (1985) New Engl J Med, 312, pp. 82-90; Garcia, M., Alderman, H., Patterns and determinants of malnutrition in children in Pakistan: Impact of community health (1989) Pak Dev Rev, 28, pp. 891-902; Bryant, J.H., Marsh, D.R., Khan, S.K., A developing country's university oriented toward strengthening health systems: Challenges and results, department of community health sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (1993) Am J Public Hlth, 83, pp. 1537-1543; Fikree, F.F., Berendes, H.W., Risk factors for term intrauterine growth retardation: A community-based study in Karachi (1994) Bull WHO, 72, pp. 581-587; Brenner, W.E., Edelman, D.A., Hendricks, C.H., A standard of fetal growth for the United States of America (1976) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 126, pp. 555-564; Ghosh, S., Bhargava, S.K., Bhargava, V., Growth pattern of babies in Delhi area in the first year of life (1971) Indian J Med Res, 59 (SUPPL.), pp. 82-98; Srivastava, A.K., Agarval, V.K., Gupta, S.K., Mehrotra, S.N., A longitudinal study of physical growth and morbidity pattern of small-for-date babies from birth to six months of age (1978) Indian J Pediatr, 45, pp. 1-10; Fitzhardinge, P.M., Inwood, S., Long-term growth in small-for-date children (1989) Acta Paediatr Scand, 349 (SUPPL.), pp. 27-33; Davies, O.P., Platts, P., Pritchard, J.M., Wilkinson, P.W., Nutritional status of light-for-date infants and its influence on early postnatal growth (1979) Arch Dis Childh, 54, pp. 703-706; Pryor, J., Silva, P.A., Brooke, M., Growth, development and behavior in adolescents born small-for-gestational age (1995) J Paediatr Child Hlth, 31, pp. 403-407; Westwood, M., Kramer, M.S., Munz, D., Lovett, J.M., Walters, G.V., Growth and development of full-term nonasphyxiated small-for-gestational age newborns: Follow-up through adolescence (1983) Pediatrics, 71, pp. 376-382; Royston, E., Armstrong, S., (1989) Preventing Maternal Deaths, , World Health Organization, Geneva; Martorell, R., Khan, L.K., Schroeder, D.G., Reversibility of stunting: Epidemiological findings in children from developing countries (1994) Eur J Clin Nutr, 48 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S45-S57; Proos, L.A., Hofvander, Y., Wennqvist, K., Tuvemo, T., A longitudinal study on anthropometric and clinical development of Indian children adopted in Sweden. II. Growth, morbidity and development during two years after arrival in sweden (1992) Growth and Development of Indian Children Adopted in Sweden, 5, pp. 1-18. , Proos LA (ed.), Lindbergs Grafiska HB, Uppsala; Forman, M., Hundt, G., Berendes, H.W., Undernutrition among Bedouin Arab children: A follow up of the Bedouin infant feeding study (1995) Am J Clin Nutr, 61, pp. 495-500 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033375101&partnerID=40&md5=734a05052d2d29f4a865c0eb35f83eaa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - Int. J. Obes. VL - 23 IS - SUPPL. 8 SP - S1 EP - S107 PY - 1999 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, T.J. AU - Power, C. AU - Logan, S. AU - Summerbell, C.D. AD - Systematic Reviews Training Unit, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - School of Health, University of Teesside, Teesside, United Kingdom AD - Systematic Reviews Training Unit, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - OBJECTIVE: To identify factors in childhood which might influence the development of obesity in adulthood. BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the UK and other developed countries, in adults and children. The adverse health consequences of adult obesity are well documented, but are less certain for childhood obesity. An association between fatness in adolescence and undesirable socio-economic consequences, such as lower educational attainment and income, has been observed, particularly for women. Childhood factors implicated in the development of adult obesity therefore have far-reaching implications for costs to the health-services and economy. SEARCH STRATEGY: In order to identify relevant studies, electronic databases - Medline, Embase, CAB abstracts, Psyclit and Sport Discus - were searched from the start date of the database to Spring 1998. The general search structure for electronic databases was (childhood or synonyms) AND (fatness or synonyms) AND (longitudinal or synonyms). Further studies were identified by citations in retrieved papers and by consultation with experts. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Longitudinal observational studies of healthy children which included measurement of a risk factor in childhood (< 18 y), and outcome measure at least 1 y later. Any measure of fatness, leanness or change in fatness or leanness was accepted. Measures of fat distribution were not included. Only studies with participants from an industrialized country were considered, and those concerning minority or special groups, e.g. Pima Indians or children born preterm, were excluded. FINDINGS: - Risk factors for obesity included parental fatness, social factors, birth weight, timing or rate of maturation, physical activity, dietary factors and other behavioural or psychological factors. - Offspring of obese parent(s) were consistently seen to be at increased risk of fatness, although few studies have looked at this relationship over longer periods of childhood and into adulthood. The relative contributions of genes and inherited lifestyle factors to the parent-child fatness association remain largely unknown. - No clear relationship is reported between socio-economic status (SES) in early life and childhood fatness. However, a strong consistent relationship is observed between low SES in early life and increased fatness in adulthood. Studies investigating SES were generally large but very few considered confounding by parental fatness. Women who change social class (social mobility) show the prevalence of obesity of the class they join, an association which is not present in men. The influence of other social factors such as family size, number of parents at home and childcare have been little researched. - There is good evidence from large and reasonably long-term studies for an apparently clear relationship for increased fatness with higher birth weight, but in studies which attempted to address potential confounding by gestational age, parental fatness, or social group, the relationship was less consistent. - The relationship between earlier maturation and greater subsequent fatness was investigated in predominantly smaller, but also a few large studies. Again, this relationship appeared to be consistent, but in general, the studies had not investigated whether there was confounding by other factors, including parental fatness, SES, earlier fatness in childhood, or dietary or activity behaviours. - Studies investigating the role of diet or activity were generally small, and included diverse methods of risk factor measurement. There was almost no evidence for an influence of activity in infancy on later fatness, and inconsistent but suggestive evidence for a protective effect of activity in childhood on later fatness. No clear evidence for an effect of infant feeding on later fatness emerged, but follow-up to adulthood was rare, with only one study measuring fatness after 7 y. Studies investigating diet in childhood were limited and inconclusive. Again, confounding variables were seldom accounted for. - A few, diverse studies investigated associations between behaviour or psychological factors and fatness, but mechanisms through which energy balance might be influenced were rarely addressed. CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH PRIORITIES: The major research gap identified by the current review is the lack of long-term follow-up data spanning the childhood to adulthood period. This gap could in part be filled by: (i) follow-up of existing groups on whom good quality baseline data have already been collected; and (ii) further exploitation of existing longitudinal datasets. Many of the risk factors investigated are related, and may operate on the same causal pathways. Inherent problems in defining and measuring these risk factors make controlling for confounding, and attempts to disentangle relationships more difficult. A given risk factor may modify the effect of another, and cumulative effects on the development of obesity are likely, both over time for specific risks, or at any particular time over a range of risk factors. An additional approach to addressing these issues may be to use large samples on whom more basic measures of risk factors have been collected. KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Obesity KW - Predictors KW - Systematic review KW - birth weight KW - data base KW - diet KW - education KW - family history KW - follow up KW - gestational age KW - health KW - health care cost KW - heredity KW - human KW - income KW - industrialization KW - infant feeding KW - lifestyle KW - maturation KW - obesity KW - physical activity KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - review KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Child KW - Energy Intake KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :815 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 10641588 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Parsons, T.J.; Systematic Reviews Training Unit, Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Charlton, J., Murphy, M., (1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994, 1. , Decennial supplement no. 12. The Stationary Office: London; Peckham, C.S., Stark, O., Simonite, V., Wolff, O.H., Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1983) Br Med J, 286, pp. 1237-1242; Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch Dis Child, 76, pp. 182-189; James, W.P.T., The epidemiology of obesity (1996) The Origins and Consequences of Obesity, pp. 1-16. , Chadwick DJ, Cardew G (eds). J Wiley: Chichester; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 507-526; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the harvard growth study of 1922 to 1935 New Engl J Med 1992, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Stunkard, A., Burt, V., Obesity and the body image. II. Age at onset of disturbances in the body image (1967) Am J Psychiat, 123, pp. 1443-1447; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) New Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; Rissanen, A.M., The economic and psychosocial consequences of obesity (1996) Ciba Found Symp, 201, pp. 194-201; Glenny, A.M., O'Meara, S., Melville, A., Sheldon, T.A., Wilson, C., (1997) Systematic Review of Interventions in the Treatment and Prevention of Obesity, , CRD 10, NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination: York; Glenny, A.M., O'Meara, S., Melville, A., Sheldon, T.A., Wilson, C., The treatment and prevention of obesity: A systematic review of the literature (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 715-737. , http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/obesity.htm; Douketis, J.D., Feightner, J.W., Attia, J., Feldman, W.F., Periodic health examination, 1999 update: 1. Detection, prevention and treatment of obesity (1999) Can Med Assoc J, 160, pp. 513-525; Epstein, L.H., Valoski, A.M., Kalarchian, M.A., McCurley, J., Do children lose and maintain weight easier than adults: A comparison of child and parent weight changes from six months to ten years (1995) Obes Res, 3, pp. 411-417; (1996) Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Amercians, 4th Edn, , Home and Garden Bulletin no. 232. US Deptartments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services: Washington DC; Nicklas, T.A., Webber, L.S., Koschak, M., Berenson, G.S., Nutrient adequacy of low fat intakes for children: The Bogalusa heart study (1992) Pediatrics, 89, pp. 221-228; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prevent Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Dietz, W.H., Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 955-959; Kemper, H.C., Van Meehelen, W., Post, G.B., Snel, J., Twisk, J.W., Van Lenthe, F.J., Welten, D.C., The amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study. The past (1976-1996) and future (1997-?) (1997) Im J Sports Med, 18 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S140-150; Raitakari, O.T., Porkka, K.V., Taimela, S., Telama, R., Rasanen, L., Viikari, J.S., Effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults. The cardiovascular risk in young finns study (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 195-205; Dovey, S.M., Reeder, A.I., Chalmers, D.J., Continuity and change in sporting and leisure time physical activities during adolescence (1998) Br J Sports Med, 32, pp. 53-57; Prentice, A.M., Obesity - The inevitable penalty of civilisation? (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 229-237; Jensen, M.D., Research techniques for body composition assessment (1992) J Am Diet Assoc, 92, pp. 454-460; (1997) Overweight and Obese Patients: Principles of Management with Particular Reference to the Use of Drugs, , The Royal College of Physicians of London: London; Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: Executive summary. Expert panel on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight in adults (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68, pp. 899-917. , http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/nhlbi/cardio/obes/prof/guidelns/ob_home.htm; Hortobagyi, T., Israel, R.G., O'Brien, K.F., Sensitivity and specificity of the Quetelet index to assess obesity in men and women (1994) Eur J Clin Nutr, 48, pp. 369-375; Lissner, L., Odell, P.M., D'Agostino, R.B., Stokes J. III, Kreger, B.E., Belanger, A.J., Brownell, K.D., Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population (1991) New Engl J Med, 324, pp. 1839-1844; Marshall, J.D., Hazlett, C.B., Spady, D.W., Conger, P.R., Quinney, H.A., Validity of convenient indicators of obesity (1991) Hum Biol, 63, pp. 137-153; Barlow, S.E., Dietz, W.H., Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert committee recommendations. The maternal and child health bureau, health resources and services administration and the department of health and human services (1998) Pediatrics, 102, pp. E29. , http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/102/3/e29; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Precce, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Cole, T.J., Changing prevalence of childhood obesity in the Western world (1998) Int J Obes, 22 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S1; Program abstracts, NAASO annual meeting (1997) Obes Res, 5 (SUPPL. 1); Eighth international congress on obesity abstracts (1998) Int J Obes, 22 (SUPPL. 3); Cochrane collaboration handbook [updated september 1997], section 6 (1997) The Cochrane Library [database on Disk and CD ROM], (4). , Mulrow CD, Oxman AD (eds). The Cochrane Collaboration/Update Software: Oxford; Roede, M., Stoelinga, G., Van De Kar, M., Van 't Hof, M., Anthropometrical data on healthy dutch children aged 5 and one half, 8 and one half and 10 and one half years (in Dutch) (1976) Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 120, pp. 133-140; Kubat, K., Kourim, J., Rene, Z., Relationship between the breast feeding with the body composition and the number of acute diseases in a group of children followed up to 6 years of life (in Czech) (1974) Cesk Pediatr, 29, pp. 606-608; Pastorini, M., Silli, U., Longitudinal study of body constitution in children aged 2 to 10 years (in Italian) (1969) Riv Clin Pediatr, 82, pp. 155-160; Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Munoz, F., Miginiac, M., Billette, A., Rey, S., Life style of children and obesity in a population of 5-year-old children (in French) (1992) Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 40, pp. 460-466; Wada, J., Ueda, K., Correlation between changes in obesity from adolescence to young adulthood and family obesity - the results of cross sectional and longitudinal studies (in Japanese) (1990) Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi, 37, pp. 837-842; Maes, H.H.M., Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity (1997) Behav Genet, 27, pp. 325-351; Kaplowitz, H.J., Wild, K.A., Mueller, W.H., Decker, M., Tanner, J.M., Serial and parent child changes in components of body fat distribution and fatness in children from the London longitudinal growth study, ages two to eighteen years (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 739-758; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) New Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Goran, M.I., Shewchuk, R., Gower, B.A., Nagy, T.R., Carpenter, W.H., Johnson, R.K., Longitudinal changes in fatness in white children: No effect of childhood energy expenditure (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 309-316; Klesges, R.C., Klesges, L.M., Eck, L.H., Shelton, M.L., A longitudinal analysis of accelerated weight gain in preschool children (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 126-130; Maffeis, C., Talamini, G., Tato, L., Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: A four-year longitudinal study (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. 758-764; O'Callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M., Andersen, M.J., Bor, W., Najman, J.M., Prediction of obesity in children at 5 years: A cohort study (1997) J Paediatr Child Health, 33, pp. 311-316; Rosenbaum, P.A., Elston, R.C., Srinivasan, S.R., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Cardiovascular risk factors from birth to 7 years of age: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Predictive value of parental measures in determining cardiovascular risk factor variables in early life (1987) Pediatrics, 80 (SUPPL.), pp. 807-816; Ayatollahi, S.M., Obesity in school children and their parents in southern Iran (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 845-850; Burns, T.L., Moll, P.P., Lauer, R.M., The relation between ponderosity and coronary risk factors in children and their relatives. The muscatine ponderosity family study (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 973-987; Moll, P.P., Burns, T.L., Lauer, R.M., The genetic and environmental sources of body mass index variability: The Muscatine Ponderosity Family Study (1991) Am J Hum Gen, 49, pp. 1243-1255; Garn, S.M., Bailey, S.M., Solomon, M.A., Hopkins, P.J., Effect of remaining family members on fatness prediction (1981) Am J Clin Nutr, 34, pp. 148-153; Grinker, J.A., Garn, S.M., Rosenberg, K.R., Effects of parental weight and fatness on relative weight and fatness of young children. Comparison of cross-sectional and prospective clinical data (1989) Ann NY Acad Sci, 575, pp. 521-524; Guillaume, M., Lapidus, L., Beckers, F., Lambert, A., Bjorntorp, P., Familial trends of obesity through three generations: The belgian-luxembourg child study (1995) Int J Obes, 19 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S5-9; Hashimoto, N., Kawasaki, T., Kikuchi, T., Takahashi, H., Influence of parental obesity on the physical constitution of preschool children in Japan (1995) Acta Paediatr Jpn, 37, pp. 150-153; Khoury, P., Morrison, J.A., Laskarzewski, P.M., Glueck, C.J., Parent-offspring and sibling body mass index associations during and after sharing of common household environments: The Princeton School District Family Study (1983) Metabolism, 32, pp. 82-89; Maffeis, C., Micciolo, R., Must, A., Zaffanello, M., Pinelli, L., Parental and perinatal factors associated with childhood obesity in north-east Italy (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 301-305; Rice, T., Bouchard, C., Perusse, L., Rao, D.C., Familial clustering of multiple measures of adiposity and fat distribution in the Quebec Family Study: A trivariate analysis of percent body fat, body mass index, and trunk-to-extremity skinfold ratio (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 902-908; Tienboon, P., Rutishauser, I.H., Wahlqvist, M.L., A family study of coronary risk factors in Geelong (1992) Aus J Public Health, 16, pp. 20-25; Vuille, J.C., Mellbin, T., Obesity in 10-year-olds: An epidemiologic study (1979) Pediatrics, 64, pp. 564-572; Wilkinson, P.W., Parkin, J.M., Pearlson, J., Philips, P.R., Sykes, P., Obesity in childhood: A community study in Newcastle upon Tyne (1977) Lancet, 1, pp. 350-352; Weinberg, R., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Hereditary and environmental influences on cardiovascular risk factors for children: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 116, pp. 385-393; Prescott-Clarke, P., Primatesta, P., (1998) Health Survey for England: the Health of Young People '95-'97, , The Stationary Office: London; Allison, D.B., Heshka, S., Neale, M.C., Heymsfield, S.B., Race effects in the genetics of adolescents' body mass index (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 363-368; Brook, C.G., Huntley, R.M., Slack, J., Influence of heredity and environment in determination of skinfold thickness in children (1975) Br Med J, 2, pp. 719-721; Sorensen, T.I., Holst, C., Stunkard, A.J., Childhood body mass index - Genetic and familial environmental influences assessed in a longitudinal adoption study (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 705-714; Vogler, G.P., Sorensen, T.I., Stunkard, A.J., Srinivasan, M.R., Rao, D.C., Influences of genes and shared family environment on adult body mass index assessed in an adoption study by a comprehensive path model (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 40-45; Stunkard, A.J., Sorensen, T.I., Hanis, C., Teasdale, T.W., Chakraborty, R., Schull, W.J., Schulsinger, F., An adoption study of human obesity (1986) New Engl J Med, 314, pp. 193-198; Sobal, J., Stunkard, A.J., Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature (1989) Psychol Bull, 105, pp. 260-275; White, A., Nicolaas, G., Foster, K., Browne, F., Carey, S., (1993) Health Survey for England 1991, , The Stationary Office: London; Prescott-Clarke, P., Primatesta, P., (1998) Health Survey for England '96, , The Stationary Office: London; Duran-Tauleria, E., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness in British children (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 466-473; Agras, W.S., Kraemer, H.C., Berkowitz, R.I., Hammer, L.D., Influence of early feeding style on adiposity at 6 years of age (1990) J Pediatr, 116, pp. 805-809; Kramer, M.S., Barr, R.G., Pless, I.B., Bolisjoyly, C., McVey-White, L., Leduc, D.G., Determinants of weight and adiposity in early childhood (1986) Can J Public Health, 77 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 98-103; Arnesen, E., Forsdahl, A., The Tromso heart study: Coronary risk factors and their association with living conditions during childhood (1985) J Epidemiol Community Health, 39, pp. 210-214; Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) Br Med J, 313, pp. 1434-1438; Braddon, F.E., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E., Davies, J.M., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J, 293, pp. 299-303; Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M., Kuh, D., Association between childhood obesity and social class and adult obesity across the life course in a British national cohort (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, p. 693; Charney, E., Goodman, H.C., McBride, M., Lyon, B., Pratt, R., Childhood antecedents of adult obesity. Do chubby infants become obese adults? (1976) New Engl J Med, 295, pp. 6-9; Garn, S.M., Sullivan, T.V., Hawthorne, V.M., The juvenile-onset, adolescent-onset and adult-onset obese (1991) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 105-110; Goldblatt, P.B., Moore, M.E., Stunkard, A.J., Social factors in obesity (1965) JAMA, 192, pp. 97-101; Lissau-Lund-Sorensen, I., Sorensen, T.I., Prospective study of the influence of social factors in childhood on risk of overweight in young adulthood (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 169-175; Lissau, I., Sorensen, T.I., School difficulties in childhood and risk of overweight and obesity in young adulthood: A ten year prospective population study (1993) Int J Obes, 17, pp. 169-175; Lissau, I., Sorensen, T.I., Parental neglect during childhood and increased risk of obesity in young adulthood (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 324-327; Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M., The relation of weight, length and ponderal index at birth to body mass index and overweight among 18-year-old males in Sweden (1998) Eur J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 373-380; Ravelli, G.P., Belmont, L., Obesity in nineteen-year-old men: Family size and birth order associations (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 66-70; Teasdale, T.W., Sorensen, T.I., Stunkard, A.J., Genetic and early environmental components in sociodemographic influences on adult body fatness (1990) Br Med J, 300, pp. 1615-1618; Wannamethee, S.G., Whincup, P.H., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; Garn, S.M., Hopkins, P.J., Ryan, A.S., Differential fatness gain of low income boys and girls (1981) Am J Clin Nutr, 34, pp. 1465-1468; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Ann Hum Biol, 16, pp. 1-8; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Agras, W.S., Kraemer, H.C., Berkowitz, R.I., Korner, A.F., Hammer, L.D., Does a vigorous feeding style influence early development of adiposity? (1987) J Pediatr, 110, pp. 799-804; Berkowitz, R.I., Agras, W.S., Korner, A.F., Kraemer, H.C., Zeanah, Ch., Physical activity and adiposity: A longitudinal study from birth to childhood (1985) J Pediatr, 106, pp. 734-738; Kramer, M.S., Barr, R.G., Leduc, D.G., Boisjoly, C., McVey-White, L., Pless, I.B., Determinants of weight and adiposity in the first year of life (1985) J Pediatr, 106, pp. 10-14; Kramer, M.S., Barr, R.G., Leduc, D.G., Boisjoly, C., Pless, I.B., Infant determinants of childhood weight and adiposity (1985) J Pediatr, 107, pp. 104-107; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in swedish urban school children in relation to socio-economic and regional factors (1976) Ann Hum Biol, 3, pp. 501-528; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Danon, Y.L., A longitudinal study of birth weight and being overweight in late adolescence (1991) Am J Dis Child, 145, pp. 782-785; De Spiegelaere, M., Dramaix, M., Hennart, P., The influence of socioeconomic status on the incidence and evolution of obesity during early adolescence (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. 268-274; Weststrate, J.A., Van Klaveren, H., Deurenberg, P., Changes in skinfold thicknesses and body mass index in 171 children, initially 1 to 5 years of age: A 51/2-year follow-up study (1986) Int J Obes, 10, pp. 313-321; Zack, P.M., Harlan, W.R., Leaverton, P.E., Cornoni-Huntley, J., A longitudinal study of body fatness in childhood and adolescence (1979) J Pediatr, 95, pp. 126-130; Boulton, T.J., Cockington, R.A., Hamilton-Craig, I., Magarey, A.M., Mazumdar, J., A profile of heart disease risk factors and their relation to parents' education, fathers' occupation and family history of heart disease in 843 South Australian families: The Adelaide Children's WHO collaborative study (1995) J Paediatr Child Health, 31, pp. 200-206; Hunter, S.M., Frerichs, R.R., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Social status and cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in children: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1979) J Chronic Dis, 32, pp. 441-449; Kimm, S.Y., Obarzanek, F., Barton, B.A., Aston, C.E., Similo, S.L., Morrison, J.A., Sabry, Z.I., McMahon, R.P., Race, socioeconomic status, and obesity in 9-to 10-year-old girls: The NHLBI growth and health study (1996) Ann Epidemiol, 6, pp. 266-275; Patterson, M.L., Stern, S., Crawford, P.B., McMahon, R.P., Similo, S.L., Morrison, J.A., Waclawiw, M.A., Sociodemographic factors and obesity in preadolescent black and white girls: NHLBI's growth and health study (1997) J Natl Med Assoc, 89, pp. 594-600; Khoury, P.R., Morrison, J.A., Laskarzewski, P., Kelly, K., Mellies, M.J., King, P., Larsen, R., Glueck, C.J., Relationships of education and occupation to coronary heart disease risk factors in schoolchildren and adults: The princeton school district study (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 113, pp. 378-395; Persson, L.A., Dietary habits and health risks in Swedish children (1984) Hum Nutr Clin Nutr, 38, pp. 287-297; Greenlund, K.J., Liu, K., Dyer, A.R., Kiefe, C.I., Burke, G.L., Yunis, C., Body mass index in young adults: Associations with parental body size and education in the CARDIA Study (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 480-485; Webber, L.S., Wattigney, W.A., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S., Obesity studies in Bogalusa (1995) Am J Med Sci, 310 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S53-61; Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood. Analysis of a British birth cohort (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 681-687; Feldman, W., Feldman, E., Goodman, J.T., Culture versus biology: Children's attitudes toward thinness and fatness (1988) Pediatrics, 81, pp. 190-194; Dornbusch, S.M., Carlsmith, J.M., Duncan, P.D., Gross, R.T., Martin, J.A., Siegel-Gorelick, B., Sexual maturation, social class, and the desire to be thin among adolescent females (1984) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 5, pp. 308-314; Rosenbaum, M., The changing body image of the adolescent girl (1979) Female Adolescent Development. Brunner/mazel: New York, pp. 235-252. , Sugar M (ed); Drever, F., Whitehead, M., Health inequalities Decennial Supplement, Series Ds No. 15. The Stationary Office: London, p. 1997; Sobal, J., Group dieting, the stigma of obesity, and overweight adolescents: Contributions of Natalie allon to the sociology of obesity (1984) Marriage Family Rev, 7, pp. 9-20; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., British births 1970, vol 1: The first week of life Heinemann Medical: London, p. 1975; Nafstad, P., Jaakkola, J.J., Hagen, J.A., Pedersen, B.S., Qvigstad, E., Botten, G., Kongerud, J., Weight gain during the first year of life in relation to maternal smoking and breast feeding in Norway (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 261-265; Metzger, B.E., Silverman, B.L., Freinkel, N., Dooley, S.L., Ogata, E.S., Green, O.C., Amniotic fluid insulin concentration as a predictor of obesity (1990) Arch Dis Child, 65, pp. 1050-1052; Ravelli, G.P., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy (1976) New Engl J Med, 295, pp. 349-353; Alberman, E., Are our babies becoming bigger? (1991) J R Soc Med, 84, pp. 257-260; Allison, D.B., Paultre, F., Heymsfield, S.B., Pi Sunyer, F.X., Is the intra-uterine period really a critical period for the development of adiposity? (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 397-402; Curhan, G.C., Chertow, G.M., Willett, W.C., Spiegelman, D., Colditz, G.A., Manson, J.E., Speizer, F.E., Stampfer, M.J., Birth weight and adult hypertension and obesity in women (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 1310-1315; Hulman, S., Kushner, H., Katz, S., Falkner, B., Can cardiovascular risk be predicted by newborn, childhood, and adolescent body size? An examination of longitudinal data in urban African Americans (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 90-97; Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M., Fischer, P., Sorensen, T.I., Relation between weight and length at birth and body mass index in young adulthood: Cohort study (1997) Br Med J, 315, p. 1137; Barker, M., Robinson, S., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Birth weight and body fat distribution in adolescent girls (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 381-383; Fomon, S.J., Rogers, R.R., Ziegler, E.E., Nelson, S.E., Thomas, L.N., Indices of fatness and serum cholesterol at age eight years in relation to feeding and growth during early infancy (1984) Pediatr Res, 18, pp. 1233-1238; Harland, P.S.E., Watson, M.J., Ashworth, L., The effect of metabolic programming on atherosclerosis and obesity risk factors in UK adolescents living in poor socioeconomic areas (1997) Ann NY Acad Sci, 817, pp. 361-364; Taylor, S.J., Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.G., Papacosta, O., Walker, M., Size at birth and blood pressure: Cross sectional study in 8-11 year old children (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 475-480; Zive, M.M., McKay, H., Frank-Spohrer, G.C., Broyles, S.L., Nelson, J.A., Nader, P.R., Infant-feeding practices and adiposity in 4-y-old Anglo-and Mexican-Americans (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 55, pp. 1104-1108; Lissau, I., Breum, L., Sorensen, T.I., Maternal attitude to sweet eating habits and risk of overweight in offspring: A ten-year prospective population study (1993) Int J Obes, 17, pp. 125-129; Vik, T., Jacobsen, G., Vatten, L., Bakketeig, L.S., Pre-and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy (1996) Early Hum Dev, 45, pp. 245-255; Bayley, N., Size and body build of adolescents in relation to rate of skeletal maturity (1943) Child Dev, 14, pp. 47-90; Bayley, N., Skeletal maturing in adolescence as basis for determining percentage of completed growth (1943) Child Dev, 14, pp. 1-46; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, p. 1991. , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7, pp. 307-322; Jenicek, M., Demirjian, A., Age at menarche in French Canadian urban girls (1974) Ann Hum Biol, 1, pp. 339-346; Frisch, R.E., The right weight: Body fat, menarche and fertility (1994) Proc Nutr Soc, 53, pp. 113-129; Merzenich, H., Boeing, H., Wahrendorf, J., Dietary fat and sports activity as determinants for age at menarche (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 138, pp. 217-224; Freeman, J.V., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Weight-for-height indices of adiposity: Relationships with height in childhood and early adult life (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 970-976; Stark, O., Peckham, C.S., Moynihan, C., Weight and age at menarche (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 383-387; Gasser, T., Kneip, A., Ziegler, P., Molinari, L., Prader, A., Largo, R.H., Development and outcome of indices of obesity in normal children (1994) Ann Hum Biol, 21, pp. 275-286; Gasser, T., Ziegler, P., Largo, R.H., Molinari, L., Prader, A., A longitudinal study of lean and fat areas at the arm (1994) Ann Hum Biol, 21, pp. 303-314; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Avons, P., Sempe, M., Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 219-229; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Adiposity rebound in children: A simple indicator for predicting obesity (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 39, pp. 129-135; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam growth and health study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Post, G.B., Kemper, H.C., Nutrient intake and biological maturation during adolescence. The amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study (1993) Eur J Clin Nutr, 47, pp. 400-408; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Siervogel, R.M., Age-and maturity-related changes in body composition during adolescence into adulthood: The Fels Longitudinal study (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 1167-1175; Siervogel, R.M., Roche, A.F., Guo, S.M., Mukherjee, D., Chumlea, W.C., Patterns of change in weight/stature2 from 2 to 18 years: Findings from long-term serial data for children in the Fels longitudinal growth study (1991) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 479-485; Garn, S.M., Lavelle, M., Rosenberg, K.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 43, pp. 879-883; Wellens, R., Malina, R.M., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S., Siervogel, R.M., Body size and fatness in young dults in relation to age at menarche (1992) Am J Hum Biol, 4, pp. 783-787; Knishkowy, B.N., Palti, H., Adler, B., Gofin, R., A follow-up study of adiposity and growth of Jerusalem schoolchildren from age 6 to 14 years (1989) J Adolesc Health Care, 10, pp. 192-199; Hediger, M.L., Scholl, T.O., Schall, J.I., Cronk, C.E., One-year changes in weight and fatness in girls during late adolescence (1995) Pediatrics, 96, pp. 253-258; Burke, G.L., Savage, P.J., Manolio, T.A., Sprafka, J.M., Wagenknecht, L.E., Sidney, S., Perkins, L.L., Jacobs D.R., Jr., Correlates of obesity in young black and white women: The CARDIA study (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 1621-1625; Sherman, B., Wallace, R., Bean, J., Schlabaugh, L., Relationship of body weight to menarcheal and menopausal age: Implications for breast cancer risk (1981) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 52, pp. 488-493; Prokopec, M., Bellisle, F., Adiposity in Czech children followed from 1 month of age to adulthood: Analysis of individual BMI patterns (1993) Ann Hum Biol, 20, pp. 517-525; St. George, I.M., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Body size and the menarche: The Dunedin study (1994) J Adolesc Health, 15, pp. 573-576; Beunen, G., Malina, R.M., Lefevre, J., Claessens, A.L., Renson, R., Simons, J., Maes, H., Lysens, R., Size, fatness and relative fat distribution of males of contrasting maturity status during adolescence and as adults (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 670-678; Miller, F.J., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle upon Tyne children (1972) Br J Prevent Soc Med, 26, pp. 224-230; Garn, S.M., Haskell, J.A., Fat thickness and developmental status in childhood and adolescence (1960) A M A J Dis Children, 99, pp. 746-751; Ferro-Luzzi, A., Martino, L., Obesity and physical activity (1996) The Origins and Consequences of Obesity., pp. 207-227. , Chadwick DJ, Cardew G . J Wiley: Chichester; A Report on Activity Patterns and Fitness Levels, p. 1992. , Sports Council and Health Education Authority: London; DiGuiseppi, C., Roberts, I., Li, L., Influence of changing travel patterns on child death rates from injury: Trend analysis (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 710-713. , Published erratum appears in Br Med J 1997 314:1385; Pullinger, J., Social trends 28 The Stationary Office: London, p. 1998; Young and active? draft policy framework for young people and health enhancing physical activity (1997) Health Education Authority, , London; Wareham, N.J., Rennie, K.L., The assessment of physical activity in individuals and populations: Why try to be more precise about how physical activity is assessed? (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. S30-S38; Moore, L.L., Nguyen, U.S., Rothman, K.J., Cupples, L.A., Ellison, R.C., Preschool physical activity level and change in body fatness in young children. The framingham children's study (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 982-988; Davies, P.S.W., Day, J.M.E., Lucas, A., Energy expenditure in early infancy and later body fatness (1991) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 727-731; Davies, P.S.W., Connolly, C., Day, J.M.E., Energy expenditure in infancy and later body composition (1993) Int J Obes, 17, p. 35; Ku, L.C., Shapiro, L.R., Crawford, P.B., Huenemann, R.L., Body composition and physical activity in 8-year-old children (1981) Am J Clin Nutr, 34, pp. 2770-2775; Wells, J.C., Stanley, M., Laidlaw, A.S., Day, J.M., Davies, P.S., The relationship between components of infant energy expenditure and childhood body fatness (1996) Int J Obes, 20, pp. 848-853; Twisk, J.W., Van Mechelen, W., Kemper, H.C., Post, G.B., The relation between "long-term exposure" to lifestyle during youth and young adulthood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease at adult age (1997) J Adolesc Health, 20, pp. 309-319; Twisk, J.W.R., Kemper, H.C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Post, G.B., Which lifestyle parameters discriminate high-from low-risk participants for coronary heart disease risk factors (1997) Longitudinal Analysis Covering Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Cardiovasc Risk, 4, pp. 393-400; Van Lenthe, F.J., Van Mechelen, W., Kemper, H.C.G., Post, G.B., Behavioral variables and development of a central pattern of body fat from adolescence into adulthood in normal-weight whites: The amsterdam growth and health study (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 846-852; Beunen, G.P., Malina, R.M., Renson, R., Simons, J., Ostyn, M., Lefevre, J., Physical activity and growth, maturation and performance: A longitudinal study (1992) Med Sci Sport Exerc, 24, pp. 576-585; Dietz W.H., Jr., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; Parizkova, J., Longitudinal study of the development of body composition and body build in boys of various physical activity (1968) Hum Biol, 40, pp. 212-225; Robinson, T.N., Hammer, L.D., Killen, J.D., Kraemer, H.C., Wilson, D.M., Hayward, C., Taylor, C.B., Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity? cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 273-280; Shapiro, L.R., Crawford, P.B., Clark, M.J., Pearson, D.L., Raz, J., Huenemann, R.L., Obesity prognosis: A longitudinal study of children from the age of 6 months to 9 years (1984) Am J Public Health, 74, pp. 968-972; Kemper, H.C., Post, G.B., Twisk, J.W., Van Mechelen, W., Lifestyle and obesity in adolescence and young adulthood: Results from the amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study (AGAHLS) (1999) Int J Obes, 23 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S34-S40; Armstrong, N., Balding, J., Gentle, P., Kirby, B., Patterns of physical activity among 11 to 16 year old British children (1990) Br Med J, 301, pp. 203-205; Riddoch, C., Savage, J.M., Murphy, N., Cran, G.W., Boreham, C., Long term health implications of fitness and physical activity patterns (1991) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1426-1433; Heartbeat Wales. Technical Report Exercise for Health, Report No. 17, p. 1989. , Health Promotion Authority for Wales: Cardiff; (1989) School-aged Sport in Scotland, Report No. 6., , Scottish Sports Council: Edinburgh; Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Physical health status at 36 years in a British national birth cohort (1993) Soc Sci Med, 37, pp. 905-916; Pavlou, K.N., Krey, S., Steffee, W.P., Exercise as an adjunct to weight loss and maintenance in moderately obese subjects (1989) Am J Clin Nutr, 49, pp. 1115-1123; Epstein, L.H., Wing, R.R., Koeske, R., Valoski, A., Effects of diet plus exercise on weight change in parents and children (1984) J Consult Clin Psychol, 52, pp. 429-437; Epstein, L.H., Wing, R.R., Penner, B.C., Kress, M.J., Effect of diet and controlled exercise on weight loss in obese children (1985) J Pediatr, 107, pp. 358-361; Mellbin, T., Vuille, J.C., The relative importance of rapid weight gain in infancy as a precursor of childhood obesity (1983) Pediatr Adolesc Endocr, 1, pp. 78-83; Epstein, L.H., Valoski, A., Wing, R.R., McCurley, J., Ten-year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood obesity (1994) Health Psychol, 13, pp. 373-383; Epstein, L.H., Valoski, A.M., Vara, L.S., McCurley, J., Wisniewski, L., Kalarchian, M.A., Klein, K.R., Shrager, L.R., Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children (1995) Health Psychol, 14, pp. 109-115; Mo-Suwan, L., Pongprapai, S., Junjana, C., Puetpaiboon, A., Effects of a controlled trial of a school-based exercise program on the obesity indexes of preschool children (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68, pp. 1006-1011; Sallis, J.F., McKenzie, T.L., Alcaraz, J.E., Kolody, B., Hovell, M.E., Nader, P.R., Project SPARK. Effects of physical education on adiposity in children (1993) Ann NY Acad Sci, 699, pp. 127-136; Barlow, C.E., Kohl, H.W., Gibbons, L.W., Blair, S.N., Physical fitness, mortality and obesity (1995) Int J Obes, 19 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S41-S44; Blair, S.N., Kohl H.W. III, Paffenbarger R.S., Jr., Clark, D.G., Cooper, K.H., Gibbons, L.W., Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women (1989) JAMA, 262, pp. 2395-2401; Household food consumption and expenditure 1990: With a study of trends over the period 1940-1990 Annual Report of the National Food Survey Committee/national Food Survey Committee., p. 1991. , Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. HMSO: London; Poppitt, S.D., Prentice, A.M., Energy density and its role in the control of food intake: Evidence from metabolic and community studies (1996) Appetite, 26, pp. 153-174; Prentice, A.M., Manipulation of dietary fat and energy density and subsequent effects on substrate flux and food intake (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 535S-541S; Acheson, K.J., Flatt, J.P., Jequier, E., Glycogen synthesis versus lipogenesis after a 500 gram carbohydrate meal in man (1982) Metabolism, 31, pp. 1234-1240; Schwarz, J., Neese, R., Dare, D., Turner, S., Hellerstein, M., Effect of carbohydrate overfeeding and underfeeding on de novo lipogenesis and insulin levels (1995) Proc Nutr Soc, 54 (1), pp. 47A; Present-day practice in infant feeding. Report of a working party on the panel on child nutrition Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 9. The Stationary Office: London, p. 1974; Birkbeck, J.A., Buckfield, P.M., Silva, P.A., Lack of long-term effect of the method of infant feeding on growth (1985) Hum Nutr Clin Nutr, 39 C, pp. 39-44; Dewey, K.G., Heinig, M.J., Nommsen, L.A., Peerson, J.M., Lonnerdal, B., Breast-fed infants are leaner than formula-fed infants at 1 y of age: The DARLING study (1993) Am J Clin Nutr, 57, pp. 140-145; Heinig, M.J., Nommsen, L.A., Peerson, J.M., Lonnerdal, B., Dewey, K.G., Intake and growth of breast-fed and formula-fed infants in relation to the timing of introduction of complementary foods: The DARLING study. Davis area research on lactation, infant nutrition and growth (1993) Acta Paediatr, 82, pp. 999-1006; Dine, M.S., Gartside, P.S., Glueck, C.J., Rheines, L., Greene, G., Khoury, P., Where do the heaviest children come from? A prospective study of white children from birth to 5 years of age (1979) Pediatrics, 63, pp. 1-7; Poskitt, E.M., Overfeeding and overweight in infancy and their relation to body size in early childhood (1977) Nutr Metabolism, 21 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 54-55; Sveger, T., Does over-nutrition or obesity during the first year affect weight at age four? (1978) Acta Paediatr, 67, pp. 465-467; Vobecky, J.S., Vobecky, J., Shapcott, D., Demers, P.P., Nutrient intake patterns and nutritional status with regard to relative weight in early infancy (1983) Am J Clin Nutr, 38, pp. 730-738; Wells, J.C., Stanley, M., Laidlaw, A.S., Day, J.M., Davies, P.S., Energy intake in early infancy and childhood fatness (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. 387-392; Wilson, A.C., Forsyth, J.S., Greene, S.A., Irvine, L., Hau, C., Howie, P.W., Relation of infant diet to childhood health: Seven year follow up of cohort of children in dundee infant feeding study (1998) Br Med J, 316, pp. 21-25; Marmot, M.G., Page, C.M., Atkins, E., Douglas, J.W., Effect of breast-feeding on plasma cholesterol and weight in young adults (1980) J Epidemiol Community Health, 34, pp. 164-167; Foster, K., Lader, D., Cheesbrough, S., Infant Feeding 1995., p. 1995. , The Stationary Office: London; Post, G.B., Kemper, H.C., Twisk, J., Van Mechelen, W., The association between dietary patterns and cardio vascular disease risk indicators in healthy youngsters: Results covering fifteen years of longitudinal development (1997) Eur J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 387-393; Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Rossignol, C., Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Individual patterns of food intake development in children: A 10 months to 8 years of age follow-up study of nutrition and growth (1996) Physiol Behav, 59, pp. 403-407; Roland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: A follow up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 years of age (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 573-578; Griffiths, M., Payne, P.R., Stunkard, A.J., Rivers, J.P., Cox, M., Metabolic rate and physical development in children at risk of obesity (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 76-78; Nicklas, T.A., Farris, R.P., Smoak, C.G., Frank, G.C., Srinivasan Webber L.S., Sr., Berenson, G.S., Dietary factors relate to cardiovascular risk factors in early life. Bogalusa heart study (1988) Arteriosclerosis, 8, pp. 193-199; Shea, S., Basch, C.E., Stein, A.D., Contento, I.R., Irigoyen, M., Zybert, P., Is there a relationship between dietary fat and stature or growth in children three to five years of age? (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 579-586; Bingham, S.A., The dietary assessment of individuals; methods, accuracy, new techniques and recommendations (1987) Nutr Abstr Rev (Ser A), 57, pp. 705-742; Taitz, L.S., Infantile overnutrition among artificially fed infants in the sheffield region (1971) Br Med J, 1, pp. 315-316; Whitehead, R.G., Paul, A.A., Diet and growth in healthy infants (1988) Hong Kong J Paediatr, 5, pp. 1-20; Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy., p. 1991. , Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41: London; Energy Find Protein Requirements. Report of a Joint Fao/ Who/unu Expert Consultation., p. 1985. , World Health Organization Technical Report Series no. 724. World Health Organization: Geneva; Durnin, J.V., Womersley, J., Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: Measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years (1974) Br J Nutr, 32, pp. 77-97; Stephen, A.M., Sieber, G.M., Trends in individual fat consumption in the UK 1900-1985 (1994) Br J Nutr, 71, pp. 775-788; National Food Survey 1997: Annual Report on Food Expenditure, Consumption and Nutrient Intakes/national Food Survey Committee., p. 1998. , Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The Stationary Office: London; Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., Wiseman, M., The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults Hmso: London, p. 1990; Gregory, J., Collins, D.L., Davies, P.S.W., Hughes, J.M., Clarke, P.C., National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Children Aged 11/2 to 41/2 Years., p. 1995. , HMSO: London; The Diets of British Schoolchihlren. Sub-committee on Nutritional Surveillance. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy., p. 1989. , Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 36: London; Lissner, L., Heitmann, B.L., Dietary fat and obesity: Evidence from epidemiology (1995) Eur J Clin Nutr, 49, pp. 79-90; Seidell, J.C., Dietary fat and obesity: An epidemiologic perspective (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 546S-550S; Bolton Smith, C., Woodward, M., Dietary composition and fat to sugar ratios in relation to obesity (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 820-828; Gibney, M.J., Dietary guidelines: A critical appraisal (1990) J Hum Nutr Diet, 3, pp. 245-254; Paeratakul, S., Popkin, B.M., Kohlmeier, L., Hertz-Picciotto Guo X. I, Edwards, L.J., Measurement error in dietary data: Implications for the epidemiologic study of the diet-disease relationship (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 722-727; Woo, J., Ho, S.C., Mak, Y.T., Law, L.K., Cheung, A., Nutritional status of elderly patients during recovery from chest infection and the role of nutritional supplementation assessed by a prospective randomized single-blind trial (1994) Age Ageing, 23, pp. 40-48; Appleby, P.N., Thorogood, M., Mann, J.I., Key, T.J., Low body mass index in non-meat eaters: The possible roles of animal fat, dietary fibre and alcohol (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. 454-460; Barr, S.I., Prior, J.C., Janelle, K.C., Lentle, B.C., Spinal bone mineral density in premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women: Cross-sectional and prospective comparisons (1998) J Am Diet Assoc, 98, pp. 760-765; Parsons, T.J., Van Dusseldorp, M., Van Der Vliet, M., De Van Werken, K., Schaafsma, G., Van Staveren, W.A., Reduced bone mass in Dutch adolescents fed a macrobiotic diet in early life (1997) J Bone Miner Res, 12, pp. 1486-1494; Sabate, J., Lindsted, K.D., Harris, R.D., Johnston, P.K., Anthropometric parameters of schoolchildren with different life-styles (1990) Am J Dis Child, 144, pp. 1159-1163; Dagnelie, P.C., Van Dusseldorp, M., Van Staveren, W.A., Jgaj, H., Effects of macrobiotic diets on linear growth in infants and children until 10 years of age (1994) Eur J Clin Nutr, 48, pp. S103-S112; Sanders, T.A.B., Manning, J., The growth and development of vegan children (1992) J Hum Nutr Diet, 5, pp. 11-21; Janelle, K.C., Barr, S.I., Nutrient intakes and eating behavior scores of vegetarian and nonvegetarian women (1995) J Am Diet Assoc, 95, pp. 180-186; Slattery, M.L., Jacobs D.R., Jr., Hilner, J.E., Caan, B.J., Van Horn, L., Bragg, C., Manolio, T.A., Liu, K.A., Meat consumption and its associations with other diet and health factors in young adults: The CARDIA study (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 54, pp. 930-935. , Published erratum appears in Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55(1): iv; Shultz, T.D., Leklem, J.E., Dietary status of seventh-day adventists and nonvegetarians (1983) J Am Diet Assoc, 83, pp. 27-33; Darke, S.J., Disselduff, M.M., Try, G.P., A nutrition survey of children from one-parent families in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1970 (1980) Br J Nutr, 44, pp. 237-241; Wells, J.C., Stanley, M., Laidlaw, A.S., Day, J.M., Stafford, M., Davies, P.S., Investigation of the relationship between infant temperament and later body composition (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 400-406; Barr, R.G., Quck, V.S., Cousineau, D., Oberlander, T.F., Brian, J.A., Young, S.N., Effects of intra-oral sucrose on crying, mouthing and hand-mouth contact in newborn and six-week-old infants (1994) Dev Med Child Neurol, 36, pp. 608-618; Kaplan, H.I., Kaplan, H.S., The psychosomatic concept of obesity (1957) J Nerv Ment Dis, 125, pp. 181-201; French, S.A., Story, M., Perry, C.L., Self-esteem and obesity in children and adolescents: A literature review (1995) Obes Res, 3, pp. 479-490; Bjorntorp, P., Visceral fat accumulation: The missing link between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular disease? (1991) J Intern Med, 230, pp. 195-201; Marcus, M.D., Binge eating and obesity Eating Disorders and Obesity. A Comprehensive Handbook., p. 1995. , Brownell KD, Fairburn CG (eds). The Guilford Press: New York; Brownell, K.D., Behavioral, psychological, and environmental predictors of obesity and success at weight reduction (1984) Int J Obes, 8, pp. 543-550; Lenthe, F.J., Snel, J., Twisk, J.W.R., Van Mechelen, W., Kemper, H.C.G., Coping, personality and the development of a central pattern of body fat from youth into young adulthood: The Amsterdam growth and health study (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. 861-868; Carey, W.B., Hegvik, R.L., McDevitt, S.C., Temperamental factors associated with rapid weight gain and obesity in middle childhood (1988) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 9, pp. 194-198; French, S.A., Perry, C.L., Leon, G.R., Fulkerson, J.A., Self-esteem and change in body mass index over 3 years in a cohort of adolescents (1996) Obes Res, 4, pp. 27-33; Klesges, R.C., Haddock, C.K., Stein, R.J., Klesges, L.M., Eck, L.H., Hanson, C.L., Relationship between psychosocial functioning and body fat in preschool children: A longitudinal investigation (1992) J Consult Clin Psychol, 60, pp. 793-796; Morris, R.W., Rona, R.J., Murray, M., Green, V., Shah, D., The smoking and dietary behaviour of lambeth schoolchildren II (1984) The Relationship between Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour. Public Health, 98, pp. 225-232; Rothbart, M.K., Measurement of temperament in infancy (1981) Child Dev, 52, pp. 569-578; Levine, J.A., Eberhardt, N.L., Jensen, M.D., Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat agin in humans (1999) Science, 283, pp. 212-214; Stunkard, A.J., Penick, S.B., Behavior modification in the treatment of obesity. The problem of maintaining weight loss (1979) Arch Gen Psychiat, 36, pp. 801-806; Brownell, K.D., Kelman, J.H., Stunkard, A.J., Treatment of obese children with and without their mothers: Changes in weight and blood pressure (1983) Pediatrics, 71, pp. 515-523; Epstein, L.H., Wing, R.R., Penner, B.C., Kress, M.J., Effects of family based behavioural treatment on obese 5 to 8 year old children (1985) Behav Ther, 16, pp. 205-212; Mellin, L.M., Slinkard, L.A., Irwin C.E., Jr., Adolescent obesity intervention: Validation of the SHAPEDOWN program (1987) J Am Diet Assoc, 87, pp. 333-338; Saelens, B.E., Epstein, L.H., Behavioral engineering of activity choice in obese children (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. 275-277; Birch, L.L., Fisher, J.O., Development of eating behaviors among children and adolescents (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (SUPPL.), pp. 539-549; Cullen, K.J., Cullen, A.M., Long-term follow-up of the busselton six-year controlled trial of prevention of children's behavior disorders (1996) J Pediatr, 129, pp. 136-139; O'Brien, R.W., Smith, S.A., Bush, P.J., Peleg, E., Obesity, self-esteem, and health locus of control in black youths during transition to adolescence (1990) Am J Health Promotion, 5, pp. 133-139; Dietz, W.H., Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease (1998) Pediatrics, 101 (SUPPL.), pp. 518-525; Dickersin, K., How important is publication bias? A synthesis of available data (1997) Aids Educ Prevent, 9, pp. 15-21; Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., Minder, C., Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 629-634; Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry Who Technical Report Series No. 854., p. 1995. , WHO: Geneva; Dietz, W.H., Robinson, T.N., Use of the body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overweight in children and adolescents (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 191-193; Wadsworth, M.E., Kuh, D.J., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work from the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the mrc national survey of health and development (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11, pp. 2-20; DiPietro, L., Physical activity, body weight and adiposity: An epidemiologic perspective (1995) Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 23, pp. 275-303; Guillaume, M., Lapidas, L., Lambert, A., Obesity and nutrition in children. The belgian luxembourg child study iv (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 323-328; McCance, R.A., Overnutrition and undernutrition. II. Effects (1953) Lancet, 1, pp. 740-745; Frisch, R.E., Fatness and fertility (1988) Sci Am, 258, pp. 88-95; Deheeger, M., Rolland Cachera, M.F., Fontvieille, A.M., Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old french children: Linkages with nutritional intake? (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 372-379; Lewis, M.K., Hill, A.J., Food advertising on British children's television: A content and experimental study with nine-year olds (1998) Int J Obes, 22, pp. 206-214; Goldberg, M.E., Gorn, G.J., Gibson, W., Tv messages for snack and breakfast foods; do they influence children's preferences? (1978) J Consumer Res, 5, pp. 73-81; Woodward, D.R., Cumming, F.T., Ball, P.J., Williams, H.M., Hornsby, H., Boom, J.A., Does television affect teenagers' food choices? (1997) J Hum Nutr Diet, 10, pp. 229-235; Heitmann, B.L., Kaprio, J., Harris, J.R., Rissanen, A., Korkeila, M., Koskenvuo, M., Are genetic determinants of weight gain modified by leisure-time physical activity? A prospective study of finnish twins (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 672-678; Heitmann, B.L., Lissner, L., Sorensen, T.I., Bengtsson, C., Dietary fat intake and weight gain in women genetically predisposed for obesity (1995) Am J Clin Nutr, 61, pp. 1213-1217 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033396513&partnerID=40&md5=a21ad12b213460ea78a1cbb5e434a3db ER - TY - JOUR TI - An audit of gastroduodenal Crohn disease: Clinicopathologic features and management T2 - Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology J2 - Scand. J. Gastroenterol. VL - 34 IS - 10 SP - 1019 EP - 1024 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1080/003655299750025138 SN - 00365521 (ISSN) AU - Yamamoto, T. AU - Allan, R.N. AU - Keighley, M.R.B. AD - University Dept. of Surgery, Dept. of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom AD - University Dept. of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom AB - Background: This study was undertaken to assess the clinicopathologic features and management of gastroduodenal Crohn disease. Methods: The medical records of 54 patients with gastroduodenal Crohn disease treated between 1958 and 1997 were reviewed. Results: Gastroduodenal Crohn disease occurred in association with disease elsewhere in 52 patients (96%). The commonest pathology was stricture (n = 41), followed by ulceration (n = 4) and duodenocutaneous fistula (n = 2). Medical treatment was initially attempted in 31 patients, of whom 12 required no surgical treatment for gastroduodenal disease. Nineteen patients required surgery for gastroduodenal obstruction or fistula despite medical treatment. Overall, 33 patients (61%) required surgery; the indication was obstruction in 30, duodenocutaneous fistula in 2, and bleeding in 1. There was one postoperative death because of persistent bleeding and intra-abdominal sepsis after oversewing of a bleeding ulcer. In obstructive disease 16 patients were treated by bypass surgery, 10 by strictureplasty, and 4 by gastrectomy. After surgery for obstructive disease anastomotic leak developed in three patients, and persistent gastric outlet obstruction was seen in six patients. In the long term 11 patients required reoperation for anastomotic obstruction (n = 9) or stomal ulceration (n = 2). For duodenocutaneous fistula one patient underwent simple closure of fistula, and the other patient duodenojejunostomy. Both of these patients developed an intra-abdominal abscess without evidence of leak. There has been no fistula recurrence. Conclusions: Gastroduodenal Crohn disease is a complex and difficult problem that is associated with serious complications and need for reoperation. KW - Complications KW - Crohn disease KW - Duodenocutaneous fistula KW - Gastroduodenal Crohn disease KW - Medical treatment KW - Obstruction KW - Reoperation KW - Surgical treatment KW - Ulceration KW - abdominal abscess KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - anastomosis leakage KW - article KW - bypass surgery KW - clinical feature KW - Crohn disease KW - duodenostomy KW - duodenum fistula KW - duodenum obstruction KW - female KW - gastrectomy KW - gastroduodenal ulcer KW - gastrojejunostomy KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical audit KW - priority journal KW - reoperation KW - sepsis KW - stomach obstruction KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - Child KW - Constriction, Pathologic KW - Crohn Disease KW - Duodenal Obstruction KW - Duodenum KW - Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Gastritis KW - Glucocorticoids KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Intestinal Fistula KW - Male KW - Mesalamine KW - Middle Aged KW - Peptic Ulcer KW - Postoperative Complications KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Stomach N1 - Cited By :49 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SJGRA C2 - 10563673 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Keighley, M.R.B.; University Dept. of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Glucocorticoids; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mesalamine, 89-57-6 N1 - References: Fielding, J.F., Toye, D.K., Beton, D.C., Cooke, W.T., Crohn's disease of the stomach and duodenum (1970) Gut, 11, pp. 1001-1006; Tootla, F., Lucas, R.J., Bernacki, E.G., Tabor, H., Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease (1976) Arch Surg, 111, pp. 855-857; Nugent, F.W., Richmond, M., Park, S.K., Crohn's disease of the duodenum (1977) Gut, 18, pp. 115-120; Farmer, R.G., Whelan, G., Fazio, V.W., Long term follow up of patients with Crohn's disease: Relationship between the clinical pattern and prognosis (1985) Gastroenterology, 88, pp. 1818-1825; Sandler, R.S., Golden, A.L., Epidemiology of Crohn's disease (1986) J Clin Gastroenterol, 8, pp. 160-165; Nugent, W.F., Roy, M.Z., Duodenal Crohn's disease: An analysis of 89 cases (1989) Am J Gastroenterol, 84, pp. 249-254; Klein, S., Greenstein, A.J., Sachar, D.B., Duodenal fistulas in Crohn's disease (1987) Gastroenterology, 89, pp. 1347-1352; Yamamoto, T., Bain, I.M., Connolly, A.B., Keighley, M.R.B., Gastroduodenal fistulas in Crohn's disease: Clinical features and management (1998) Dis Colon Rectum, 41, pp. 1287-1292; Goldwasser, B., Mazor, A., Wiznitzer, T., Enteroduodenal fistulas in Crohn's disease (1981) Dis Colon Rectum, 24, pp. 485-486; Farmer, R.G., Hawk, W.A., Turnbull R.B., Jr., Crohn's disease of the duodenum (transmural duodenitis): Clinical manifestations; report of 11 cases (1972) Am J Dig Dis, 17, pp. 191-198; Fitzgibbons, T.J., Green, G., Silberman, H., Eliajoph, J., Halls, J.M., Yellin, A.E., Management of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum including duodenal cutaneous fistula (1980) Arch Surg, 115, pp. 1022-1028; Alexander-Williams, J., Haynes, I.G., Up-to-date management of small bowel Crohn's disease (1987) Adv Surg, 29, pp. 312-316; Bianchi, P.G., Ardizzone, S., Petrillo, M., Desideri, S., Omeprazole for peptic ulcer in Crohn's disease (1991) Am J Gastroenterol, 86, pp. 245-246; Valori, R.M., Cockel, R., Omeprazole for duodenal ulceration in Crohn's disease (1990) Br Med J, 300, pp. 438-439; Murray, J.J., Schoetz D.J., Jr., Nugent, F.W., Coller, J.A., Veidenheimer, M.C., Surgical management of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum (1984) Am J Surg, 147, pp. 58-65; Misiewicz, J.J., Management of Helicobactor pylori-related disorders (1997) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S17-21; Blaser, M.J., Microbial causation of the chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (1997) Inflamm Bowel Dis, 3, pp. 225-229; Paget, E.T., Owens, M.P., Peniston, W.O., Mathewson C., Jr., Massive upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. A manifestation of regional enteritis of the duodenum (1972) Arch Surg, 104, pp. 397-400; Katz, J., Talansky, A., Kahn, E., Recurrent free perforation of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease (1983) Am J Gastroenterol, 78, pp. 722-725; Fielding, J.F., Toye, D.K.M., Beton, D.C., Cooke, W.T., Crohn's disease of the stomach and duodenum (1970) Gut, 11, pp. 1001-1006; Wise, L., Kyriakos, M., McCown, A., Ballinger, W.F., Crohn's disease of the duodenum. A report and analysis of eleven new cases (1971) Am J Surg, 121, pp. 184-194; Ross, T.M., Fazio, V.W., Farmer, R.G., Long term results of surgical treatment for Crohn's disease of the duodenum (1983) Ann Surg, 197, pp. 399-406; Shepherd, A.F.I., Allan, R.N., Dykes, R.W., Keighley, M.R.B., Alexander-Williams, J., The surgical treatment of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease (1985) Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 67, pp. 382-384 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032693409&doi=10.1080%2f003655299750025138&partnerID=40&md5=e0ca9a5e830f44367d2d1bf5d7f0e95c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Secular changes in the association of parental divorce and children's educational attainment - Evidence from three British birth cohorts T2 - Journal of Social Policy J2 - J. Soc. Policy VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 437 EP - 455 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1017/S0047279499005693 SN - 00472794 (ISSN) AU - Ely, M. AU - Richards, M.P.M. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AU - Elliott, B.J. AD - Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., University College Medical School, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Catherine Marsh Ctr. Census Surv. R., University of Manchester, United Kingdom AB - This article examines the secular trends in the overall association of parental divorce (or separation) and children's educational attainment at school-leaving age during the period spanning a quarter of a century since the second world war in Britain. The study presents a reanalysis of data from the three British birth cohorts which studied children born in 1946, 1958 and 1970. Equivalent educational attainment at the different time points is defined relative to the population distribution at the time, using the median level. The relative risks (with 95 per cent confidence intervals) of lower than median educational attainment associated with parental divorce (or separation) are 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5), 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5) and 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5) for the three cohorts respectively. These results refute the commonly held opinion that the effects of divorce on children have attenuated with the increasing prevalence of divorce. KW - educational attainment KW - marriage KW - social change KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Centre for Family Research, University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis (1991) Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp. 26-46; Bradshaw, J., The Prevalence of Child Poverty in the United Kingdom: A comparative perspective (1998) Conference Children and Social Exclusion, , Paper University of Hull, 5-6 March 1998; Cohen, J., (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences, , Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, NJ; Davis, G., March, M., (1988) Grounds for Divorce, , Oxford. Clarendon Press; Dronkers, J., The changing effects of lone parent families on the educational attainment of their children in a European State (1995) Sociology, 28, pp. 171-191; Ely, M., West, P., Sweeting, H., Richards, M.P.M., Teenage Family Life, Lifechances, Lifestyles and Health - A Comparison of Two Contemporary Cohorts, , forthcoming; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Goodman, A., Butler, N.R., (1996) BCS70 - The 1970 British Cohort Study: The Sixteen-year Follow-up. A Guide to the BCS70 16 Year Data Available at the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Haskey, J., Recent trends in divorce in England and Wales: The effects of legislative changes (1986) Population Trends, 44, pp. 9-11; Halsey, A.H., Heath, A.F., Ridge, J.M., (1980) Origins and Destinations: Family, Class, and Education in Modern Britain, , Oxford University Press; Jonsson, J., Gahler, M., Family dissolution, family restitution and children's educational careers: Recent evidence from Sweden (1997) Demography, 34, pp. 277-293; Katz, D., Baptista, J., Azen, S.P., Pike, M.C., Obtaining confidence intervals for the risk ratio in cohort studies (1978) Biometrics, 34, pp. 469-474; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 51, pp. 41-55; Kiernan, K.E., (1997) The Legacy of Parental Divorce: Social, Economic and Demographic Experiences in Adulthood, , CASE/1 ESRC Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Physical health status at 36 years in a British National Birth Cohort (1993) Social Science Medicine, 37, pp. 905-916; Lewis, J., Kiernan, K.E., The boundaries between marriage, nonmarriage, and parenthood: Changes in behaviour and policy in postwar Britain (1996) Journal of Family History, 21, pp. 372-387; (1997) Social Focus on Families, , HMSO, London; Philips, R., (1988) Putting Asunder: A History of Divorce in Western Society, , Cambridge University Press; Richards, M.P.M., Divorce numbers and divorce legislation (1996) Family Law, pp. 151-153; Richards, M.P.M., Ely, M., Children's well-being, parental divorce and family life; what seems to make the difference in the longer term? (1997) Proceedings of the Child and Family Policy Conference: Enhancing Children's Potential: Minimising Risk and Maximising Resiliency, , Paper Children's Issues Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand. 2-4 July 1997; Rodgers, B., Social and psychological wellbeing of children from divorced families (1996) Australian Research Findings, 31, pp. 174-182; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1979) Roots of Delinquency: Infancy, Adolescence and Crime, , Martin Robertson, Oxford; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Maclean, M., Parents' divorce and children's life chances (1986) Children and Youth Services Review, 8, pp. 145-159; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Evidence from three birth cohort studies for longterm and cross-generational effects on the development of children (1986) Children of Social Worlds, , P. Light and M. P. M. Richards (eds.), Polity Press, Oxford; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Relationships between parents and children (1986) Public and Private Lives: Reflections on Family Life in Britain, , J. Burgoyne and M. P. M. Richards (eds.); Wadsworth, M.E.J., Maclean, M., Kuh, D., Rodgers, B., Children of divorced and separated parents: Summary and review of findings from a Long-term follow-up study in the UK (1990) Family Practice, 7, pp. 104-109; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Oxford University Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D., Are gains in child health being undermined? (1993) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 35, pp. 742-745 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032741418&doi=10.1017%2fS0047279499005693&partnerID=40&md5=3fb5fb2dd5a3fddcfb81c09817e300f6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lack of employment: the threat to numeracy T2 - Education + Training J2 - Educ. Train. VL - 41 IS - 8 SP - 359 EP - 366 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1108/00400919910298620 SN - 00400912 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, S. AU - Johnbynner AD - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - National Child Development Study (NCDS) data are used to examine the negative impact of time out of paid employment on numeracy, as measured by a maths test at 16 and a functional numeracy test at 37. Restricting the sample to respondents who left fulltime education at 16 and accounting for maths at 16, we found negative correlations between time out of paid employment and adult numeracy scores. Using the whole sample, adult numeracy scores were regressed on maths at 16, family background and adult experiences. The longer the absence from paid employment, the greater the negative impact on adult numeracy. The relationship was strongest for men with poor maths at 16. This suggested that a certain level of maths was needed before skills were retained and not weakened by absence from paid employment. Training offered some protection against skill loss, as did women's more diverse roles at home and work. © 1999, MCB UP Limited KW - Employment KW - Gender KW - Skills KW - Training N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: (1982) Adults Mathematical Ability and Performance, , ACACE, London; Atkinson, J., Spilsbury, M., (1993) Basic Skills and Jobs, , Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit (ALBSU) and Institute of Manpower Studies (IMS), London; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., (1997) It Doesn't Get Any Better, , Basic Skills Agency, London; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., (1997) Does Numeracy Matter?, , Basic Skills Agency, London; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., (1998) Use It or Lose It, , Basic Skills Agency, London; Bynner, J., Morphy, L., Parsons, S., Women, employment and skills (1997) Half Our Future, pp. 66-97. , in Metcalf, H. (Ed.), Policy Studies Institute, London; Parsons, S., Bynner, J., (1998) Influences on Adult Basic Skills, , Basic Skills Agency, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84986082589&doi=10.1108%2f00400919910298620&partnerID=40&md5=e2ec80c4d9b03346ffd1535f5e26b11b ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of families and ability on men's education and earnings in Britain T2 - Labour Economics J2 - Labour Econ. VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 551 EP - 567 PY - 1999 SN - 09275371 (ISSN) AU - Dearden, L. AD - The Institute for Fiscal Studies, 7 Ridgmount Street, London WC1E 7AE, United Kingdom AB - The paper estimates the returns to education for a cohort of men born in Britain in March 1958 who have been followed since birth until the age of 33. The data used has a wealth of information on family background including parental education, social class and interest shown in the child's education as well as measures of ability. These variables are typically missing in studies looking at the returns to schooling. In the paper, we find that the average return to an additional year of full-time education for the UK men is somewhere around 5 1/2% to 6% even after correcting for the effects of measurement error. The paper also presents evidence that the returns to an additional year of schooling in the UK are heterogeneous. In particular, the paper finds some evidence that men with lower tastes for education, have significantly higher marginal returns to education. The results of the paper suggest that recent IV estimates of the returns to schooling in the UK, which exceed typical OLS estimates, may overestimate the average marginal return for the population of men as a whole. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Earnings KW - Education KW - Men N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LECOE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dearden, L.; The Institute for Fiscal Studies, 7 Ridgmount Street, London WC1E 7AE, United Kingdom; email: l.dearden@ifs.org.uk N1 - References: Ashenfelter, O., Krueger, A.B., Estimates of the economic returns to schooling from a new sample of twins (1994) American Economic Review, 84, pp. 1157-1173; Ashenfelter,, O., Oosterbeek,, H., Harmon,, C., (1999) Labour Economics 6, Editors Introduction, , this issue; Blundell,, R., Dearden,, L., Goodman,, A., Reed,, H., (1997) Higher Education, Employment and Earnings in Britain, , Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Card, D., Earnings, schooling and ability revisited (1995) Research in Labor Economics, 14, pp. 23-48; Card, D., The causal effect of education on earnings. (1998) Handbook of Labor Economics, , In: Ashenfelter, O., Card, D. (Eds.) (forthcoming); Dearden, L., (1995) Education, training and earnings in Australia and Britain'., , Unpublished PhD thesis, University College London; Dearden, L., (1998) Ability, Families, Education and Earnings in Britain., , Institute for Fiscal Studies Working Paper No. W98/14; Dearden, L., (1999) Qualifications and earnings in Britain: how reliable are conventional OLS estimates of the returns to education?, , Intitute for Fiscal Studies Working Paper No. W99/7; Dearden,, L., Ferrier,, J., Meghir,, C., (1998) The Effect of School Quality on Educational Attainment and Wages., , Institute for Fiscal Studies Working Paper No. W98/3; Gosling,, A., Machin,, S., Meghir,, C., (1998) The changing distribution of male wages in the UK., , Institute for Fiscal Studies Working Paper No. W98/9; Harmon, C., Walker, I., Estimates of the economic return to schooling for the UK (1995) American Economic Review, 85, pp. 1278-1286; Harmon,, C., Walker,, I., (1997) Selective Schooling, School Quality and Labour Market Returns., , University College Dublin (mimeo); Micklewright, J., (1988) Schooling Choice, Educational Maintenance Allowances and Panel Attrition., , Department of Economics Queen Mary College Paper No. 185, July; Schmitt, J., The changing structure of male earnings in Britain, 1974-88. (1995) Changes and Differences in Wage Structures., , In: Freeman, R., Katz, L. (Eds.) University of Chicago Press, Chicago UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033227001&partnerID=40&md5=95d8f18f056987a9a0d65f0a1b73b163 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The stratifying force of family size, urbanization and parental education in socialist-era Poland T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 525 EP - 536 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1017/S0021932099005258 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Bielicki, T. AU - Szklarska, A. AD - Institute of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kuznicza 35, 50-951 Wroclaw, Poland AB - The strength of influence upon statural variation of: (1) the degree of urbanization of the locality of habitat, (2) family size, (3) paternal and (4) maternal educational status was analysed in three generations of 19-year-old Polish conscripts, examined in 1965, 1986 and 1995. Each of the above factors of an individual's social situation was described by a 4-level scale. Each factor was found to exert a highly significant residual effect on stature throughout the three decades considered, even after the effects of other correlated factors were partialled out by three-factor ANOVA. However, the stratifying force of each factor, as expressed by the dispersal of the level-specific main effects around the national mean, has been changing over time. For example, the growth-stunting effect of the condition of coming from a large sibship was dramatic in the 1965 cohort and considerably attenuated in 1986 but ceased to diminish thereafter. The growth-enhancing effect of the condition of being a large-city dweller, initially marked, has almost disappeared; but the growth-stunting effect of the condition of being a rural dweller has remained equally strong across all cohorts. These and other shifts in the relative importance of the social factors, as presumed determinants of family living standards, are described and some explanations attempted. This study analyzed the strength of influence upon statural variation, such as: 1) the degree of urbanization of the locality of habitat; 2) family size; 3) paternal education; and 4) maternal educational status. Data was collected in the course of three medical and sociological surveys of 19-year-old Polish conscripts examined in 1965, 1986, and 1995. A 4-level scale described each of the above factors of an individual's social situation. Each factor was observed to apply a highly significant residual effect on stature throughout the three-decades reviewed, even after the effects of other correlated factors were partialled out by three-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings indicate that in Poland between the late 1940s and the late 1980s, significant inter-generation changes were occurring in the relative importance of the factors of urbanization, parental education, and family size as determinants of family living standards. These patterns should be examined in relation to socioenvironmental aspects, such as wages, real income, handling of family budgets, dietary habits, and city size-dependent availability of principal food items in the local market, periodic food shortages, hygiene standards, and morbidity rates. However, such data are often unreliable and too generalized. Moreover, growth studies should be considered as a potential information source for sociologists, demographers, specialists in public health, and economic historians. KW - adult KW - article KW - body growth KW - body height KW - controlled study KW - education KW - family size KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - Poland KW - rural area KW - rural population KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - urban population KW - urbanization KW - Developed Countries KW - Eastern Europe KW - Economic Factors KW - Education KW - Educational Status KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Relationships KW - Family Size KW - Geographic Factors KW - Living Arrangements KW - Parents KW - Poland KW - Population KW - Research Report KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Standard Of Living KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Height KW - Educational Status KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Parents KW - Poland KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Urbanization N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 10581880 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bielicki, T.; Institute of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kuznicza 35, 50-951 Wroclaw, Poland N1 - References: Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth, 3, pp. 283-305. , Edited by F. Falkner & J. M. Tanner. Plenum Press, New York; Bielicki, T., Malina, R.M., Waliszko, H., Monitoring the dynamics of social stratification: Statural variation among Polish conscripts (1992) Am. J. Hum. Biol., 4, pp. 345-352; Bielicki, T., Szczotka, H., Charzewski, J., The influence of three socio-economic factors on body height in Polish conscripts (1981) Hum. Biol., 53, pp. 543-555; Bielicki, T., Welon, Z., Growth data as indicators of social inequalities: The case of Poland (1982) Yrbk Phys. Anthropol., 25, pp. 153-167; Charzewski, J., (1981) Social Differences in Physical Growth of Warsaw Children (In Polish), , Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Warsaw; Charzewski, J., Bielicki, T., Social variation in body size and maturation rate among Warsaw schoolboys (1990) Wychowanie Fiz. i Sport, 34, pp. 3-20; Federer, W.T., Zelen, M., Analysis of multifactor classifications with unequal numbers of observations (1966) Biometrics, 22, pp. 525-552; Fogel, R.W., Physical growth as a measure of economic well-being of populations: The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (1986) Human Growth, a Comprehensive Treatise, 3, pp. 263-281. , Edited by F. Falkner & J. M. Tanner. Plenum Press, New York; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children: Results of the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Gronkiewicz, L., Absence of social-class differences in frequencies of genetic markers in Poland (1996) Monographs, Institute of Anthropology, Pol. Ac. Sc., 14, pp. 1-122; Gronkiewicz, L., Gronkiewicz, S., Variability of eye colour in the population of Poland (1995) Przegl. Antrop., 58, pp. 53-67; Hulanicka, B., Physical development of boys at puberty as a reflection of social differences in the population of the city of Wrocław (1990) Mater. Pr. Antrop., 111, pp. 21-45; Johnston, F.E., Newman, B., Cravioto, J., Delicardie, E., A factor analysis of correlates of nutritional status in Mexican children, birth to 3 years (1980) Social and Biological Predictors of Nutritional Status, Physical Growth and Neurological Development, pp. 291-307. , Edited by L. Greene & F. E. Johnston. Academic Press, New York; Konieczna, W., (1977) A Study of the Nutritional Status of Schoolchildren (In Polish), pp. 1-115. , Monograph of the Institute of Nutrition and Food, Warsaw; Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C., Growth, maturation and physical activity (1991) Human Kinetics Books, , Champaign; Panek, S., Piasecki, E., The city of Nowa Huta: Processes of social integration in the light of anthropological data (1974) Mater. Pr. Antrop., 80, pp. 1-249; Tanner, J.M., (1981) A History of the Study of Human Growth, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Tanner, J.M., Growth as a mirror of conditions in society (1990) Growth as a Mirror of Conditions in Society, pp. 9-48. , Edited by G. Lindgren. Stockholm Institute of Education Press; Ulijaszek, J.S., (1995) Human Energetics in Biological Anthropology, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Wnuk-Lipiński, E., The Polish country profile: Economic crisis and inequalities in health (1990) Social Sci. Med., 81, pp. 859-866; Zerfas, A.J., Jelliffe, D.B., Jelliffe, E.F.P., Epidemiology and nutrition (1986) Human Growth, a Comprehensive Treatise, 3, pp. 475-500. , Edited by F. Falkner & J. M. Tanner. Plenum Press, New York UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032830089&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932099005258&partnerID=40&md5=98dc9bcf31e090961a39a186aba8e5b3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heavy alcohol consumption and marital status: Disentangling the relationship in a national study of young adults T2 - Addiction J2 - Addiction VL - 94 IS - 10 SP - 1477 EP - 1487 PY - 1999 SN - 09652140 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Rodgers, B. AU - Hope, S. AD - Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - NHMRC, Psychiat. Epidemiol. Res. Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia AB - Aims. To investigate why alcohol consumption varies by marital status, assessing (i) differences in heavy consumption prior to changes in marital status (indicating selection) and increases or decreases in heavy consumption associated with changes in marital status (indicating causation), (ii) whether such increases or decreases are transient, and (iii) the possible mediating effect of parental status. Design. Longitudinal cohort. Setting. Great Britain. Participants. Data from the 23- and 33-year surveys of the 1958 British birth cohort (all born in England, Wales and Scotland, 3-9 March 1958). Measurements. Heavy drinking, defined as more than 35 (men) and 20 (women) units/week; changes between ages 23 and 33 in consumption and marital status. Findings. The divorced had the highest consumption levels at both ages, the married had the lowest. Selection effects were minimal in both sexes. Overall, heavy drinking declined between ages 23 and 33 (21.4-13.0% in men, 6.4-3.4% in women), but increased among individuals who divorced, compared to the continuously married (adjusted OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.49, 2.83 for men; OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.67, 4.09 for women), most strikingly for recent divorces (adjusted OR = 4.97, 95% CI = 2.86, 8.57 and OR = 5.25, 95% CI = 2.60, 10.65). High rates of heavy drinking persisted for never married men (19.1% and women (5.2%). Conclusions. The heavy drinking level of divorced young adults was not due to selection. Marital separation was accompanied by increases in heavy drinking, with pronounced short-term effects. Adverse alcohol-related health consequences may occur in the immediate period around divorce. Individuals who never marry appear to have a chronic heavy consumption pattern that may contribute to their increased mortality. KW - adult KW - alcohol abuse KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - divorce KW - epidemiology KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - marriage KW - normal human KW - parent KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders KW - Alcoholism KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Marital Status N1 - Cited By :93 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADICE C2 - 10790900 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Agresti, A., (1996) An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, , New York, John Wiley and Sons; Andreasson, S., Allebeck, P., Romelsjo, A., Alcohol and mortality among young men: Longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts (1988) British Medical Journal, 296, pp. 1021-1025; Bachman, J.G., Wadsworth, K.N., O'Malley, P.M., Schulenberg, J., Johnston, L.D., Marriage, divorce, and parenthood during the transition to young adulthood: Impacts on drug use and abuse (1997) Health Risks and Developmental Transition during Adolescence, pp. 246-279. , SCHULENBERG, J., MAGGS, J. L. & HURRELMANN, K. (Eds) (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press); Bennett, N., Jarvis, L., Rowlands, O., Singleton, N., Haselden, L., (1996) Living in Britain: Results from the 1994 General Household Survey, pp. 113-135. , London, HMSO; Bloom, B.L., Asher, S.J., White, S.W., Marital disruption as a stressor: A review and analysis (1978) Psychological Bulletin, 85, pp. 867-894; Bloom, B.L., Niles, R.L., Tatcher, A.M., Sources of marital dissatisfaction among newly scparated persons (1985) Journal of Family Issues, 6, pp. 359-373; (1995) Alcohol: Guidelines on Sensible Drinking, , London, BMA; Chilcoat, H.D., Breslau, N., Alcohol disorders in young adulthood: Effects of transitions into adult roles (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 339-349; Doherty, W.J., Su, S., Needle, R., Marital disruption and psychological well-being (1989) Journal of Family Issues, 10, pp. 72-85; Ebrahim, S., Wannamethee, G., McCallum, A., Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Marital status, change in marital status, and mortality in middle-aged British men (1995) American Journal of Epidemiology, 142, pp. 834-842; Edwards, G., Anderson, P., Babor, T.F., (1994) Alcohol Policy and the Public Good, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London, National Children's Bureau and City University; Fillmore, K.M., Prevalence, incidence and chronicity of drinking patterns and problems among men as a function of age: A longitudinal and cohort analysis (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 77-83; Fillmore, K.M., Women's drinking across the adult life course as compared to men's (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 801-811; Fillmore, K.M., Critical explanations - biological, psychological, and social - of drinking patterns and problems from the alcohol-related longitudinal literature (1990) Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, 10, pp. 15-38; Goddard, E., (1991) Drinking in England and Wales in the Late 1980s: An Enquiry Carried out by the Social Survey Division of OPCS on Behalf of the Department of Health in Association with the Home Office, , London, HMSO; Hajema, K.-J., Knibbe, R.A., Changes in social roles as predictors of changes in drinking behaviour (1998) Addiction, 93, pp. 1717-1727; Hedges, B., Alcohol consumption (1996) Health Survey for England 1994, pp. 337-368. , COLHOUN H. & PRESCOTT-CLARKE P. (Eds) (London, HMSO); Hope, S., Power, C., Rodgers, B., The relationship between parental separation in childhood and problem drinking in adulthood (1998) Addiction, 93, pp. 505-514; Hope, S., Rodgers, B., Power, C., Marital status transitions and psychological distress: Longitudinal evidence from a national population sample (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 381-389; Horwitz, A.V., White, H.R., Howell-White, S., The use of multiple outcomes in stress research: A case study of gender differences in responses to marital dissolution (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 278-291; Johnson, P.B., Sex differences, women's roles and alcohol use: Preliminary national data (1982) Journal of Social Issues, 38, pp. 93-116; Joung, I.M.A., Stronks, K., Van De Mheen, H., Mackenbach, P.J., Health behaviours explain part of the differences in self-reported health associated with partner/marital status in The Netherlands (1995) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 49, pp. 482-488; Kendell, R.E., Roumanie, M.D., Ritson, E.B., Effect of economic changes on Scottish drinking habits 1978-82 (1983) British Journal of Addiction, 78, pp. 365-379; Leino, E.V., Ager, C.R., Fillmore, K.M., Johnstone, B.M., A meta-analysis of multiple longitudinal studies from the collaborative alcohol-related longitudinal project (1995) American Journal on Addictions, 4, pp. 141-149; Luoto, R., Poikolainen, K., Uutela, A., Unemployment, sociodemographic background and consumption of alcohol before and during the economic recession of the 1990s in Finland (1998) International Journal of Epidemiology, 21, pp. 623-629; Miller-Tutzauer, C., Leonard, K.E., Windle, M., Marriage and alcohol use: A longitudinal study of "maturing out" (1991) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52, pp. 434-440; Power, C., Estaugh, V., The role of family formation and dissolution in shaping drinking behaviour in early adulthood (1990) British Journal of Addiction, 85, pp. 521-530; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National child development study (1992) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 6, pp. 81-110; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; Romelsjo, A., Lazarus, N.B., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., The relationship between stressful life situations and changes in alcohol consumption in a general population sample (1991) British Journal of Addiction, 86, pp. 157-169; Romelsjo, A., Alcohol consumption and unintentional injury, suicide, violence, work performance, and inter-generational effects (1995) Alcohol and Public Policy: Evidence and Issues, pp. 114-142. , HOLDER, H.D. & EDWARDS, G. (Eds) (Oxford, Oxford Medical Publications); Rosengren, A., Wedel, H., Wilhelmsen, L., Marital status and mortality in middle-aged Swedish men (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, pp. 54-64; Santamaria, J.N., The social implications of alcoholism (1972) Medical Journal of Australia, 2, pp. 523-528; Single, E.W., Brewster, J.M., MacNeil, P., Hatcher, J., Trainer, C., The 1993 general social survey I: Alcohol use in Canada (1995) Canadian Journal of Public Health, 86, pp. 397-401; Skog, O.-J., Social interaction and the distribution of alcohol consumption (1980) Journal of Drug Issues, 10, pp. 71-92; Temple, M.T., Fillmore, K.M., Hartke, E., Johnstone, B., Leino, E.V., Motoyoshi, M., A meta-analysis of change in marital and employment status as predictors of alcohol consumption on a typical occasion (1991) British Journal of Addiction, 86, pp. 1269-1281; Thomas, M., Goddard, E., Hickman, M., Hunter, P., Drinking (1994) General Household Survey 1992, pp. 79-93. , London, HMSO; Thun, M.J., Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle-aged and elderly U.S. Adults (1997) New England Journal of Medicine, 337, pp. 1705-1714; Wilsnack, R.W., Wilsnack, S.C., Klassen, A.D., Women's drinking and drinking problems: Patterns from a 1981 national survey (1984) American Journal of Public Health, 74, pp. 1231-1238; Wilsnack, S.C., Klassen, A.D., Schur, B.E., Wilsnack, R.W., Predicting onset and chronicity of women's problem drinking: A five-year longitudinal analysis (1991) American Journal of Public Health, 81, pp. 305-318; Wilson, P., (1980) Drinking in England and Wales, , London, HMSO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032868327&partnerID=40&md5=74ab44574fece87023d1e738780ce121 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differences between infants and adults in the social aetiology of wheeze T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 53 IS - 10 SP - 636 EP - 642 PY - 1999 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Baker, D. AU - Henderson, J. AD - National Primary Care, Research and Development Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To compare the relation between relative deprivation, its associated social risk factors and the prevalence of wheeze in infancy and in adulthood. Design: A cross sectional population study. Setting: The three District Health Authorities of Bristol. Subjects: A random sample of 1954 women stratified by age and housing tenure to be representative of women with children < 1 in Great Britain and selected from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC). Main outcome measures: The prevalence of wheeze for infants at six months after birth and for their mothers and fathers at eight months postpartum. Potential mediators of the relation between relative deprivation and wheeze measured were overcrowded living conditions, number of other siblings in the household, damp or mouldy housing conditions, maternal and paternal smoking behaviour, and infant feeding practice. Results: 63.4% (1239) of the sample lived in owner occupied/mortgaged accommodation (relatively affluent) and 36.6% (715) lived in council house/rented accommodation (relatively deprived). Wheeze was significantly more likely for infants living in council house/rented accommodation (χ2 = 15.93, df = 1, p < 0.0001), their mothers (χ2 = 9.28, df = 1, p < 0.001) and their fathers (χ2 = 7.41, df = 1, p < 0.01). For those living in council house/rented accommodation backward stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that infants with other siblings in the household were significantly more likely to wheeze ( OR 1.83, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.65), as were infants whose mothers smoked (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.30, 2.55) and those who were breast fed for less than three months (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.44, 0.98). Mothers with a partner who smoked were significantly more likely to report wheeze (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.85). There was no independent association between the social factors included in the analysis and the likelihood of wheeze for fathers. Conclusions: This study identified differences in the social factors associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze in infancy and in adulthood; results suggested that this symptom was commonly linked to infection in infancy, but not in adulthood. While environmental tobacco smoke was associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze in infancy and in adulthood, this does not necessarily indicate a common underlying mechanism; possible explanations are discussed. KW - adult KW - article KW - breast feeding KW - female KW - household KW - housing KW - human KW - infant feeding KW - infection KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn KW - parent KW - poverty KW - regression analysis KW - sibling KW - smoking KW - social status KW - United Kingdom KW - wheezing KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Poverty KW - Prevalence KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Risk Factors KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 10616676 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Baker, D.; National Primary Care Res. Dev. Ctr., Williamson Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Tobacco Smoke Pollution N1 - References: Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.G., Strachan, D.P., Time trends in respiratory symptoms in childhood over a 24 year period (1993) Arch Dis Child, 68, pp. 729-734; Peat, J.K., Haby, M., Spijker, J., Prevalence of asthma in adults in Busselton, Western Australia (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 1326-1329; Baker, D., Taylor, H., Henderson, J., Team, A.S., Inequality in infant morbidity: Causes and consequences in England in the 1990s (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 451-458; Burr, M., Merrett, T.G., Vaughan-Williams, E., Environmental factors and symptoms in infants at high risk of allergy (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 125-132; Leeder, S.R., Cork Hill, R., Irwig, L.M., Influence of family factors on the incidence of lower respiratory illness during the first year if life (1976) British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine, 30, pp. 203-212; Dawson, B., Horobin, G., Illsley, R., A survey of childhood asthma in Aberdeen (1969) Lancet, 1, pp. 827-830; Mielck, A., Reitmeir, P., Wjst, M., Severity of childhood asthma by socio-economic status (1996) Int J Epidemiol, 25, pp. 388-393; Strachan, D.P., Ross Anderson, H., A national survey of asthma prevalence, severity and treatment in Great Britain (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 174-178; Lewis, S., Richards, D., Bynner, J., Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheeze in childhood (1995) Eur Respir J, 8, pp. 349-356; Bodner, C., Ross, S., Douglas, G., The prevalence of adult onset wheeze: Longitudinal study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 792-793; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Social differences in health: Life cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British cohort (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Strachan, D.P., Butland, B.K., Ross Anderson, H., Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a National British cohort (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1195-1199; Wright, A.L., Holberg, C.J., Martinez, F.D., Breast feeding and lower respiratory tract infection in the first year of life (1989) BMJ, 249, pp. 946-949; Wilson, A.C., Forsyth, J.S., Greene, S.A., Relation of infant diet to childhood health: Seven year follow up of cohort of children in Dundee infant feeding study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 21-25; Sporik, R., Early childhood wheezing (1994) Curr Opin Paediatr, 6, pp. 650-655; Silverman, M., Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings: Lessons from early childhood asthma (1993) Thorax, 48, pp. 1200-1204; Evans, R., Epidemiology of asthma in childhood (1991) Paediatrician, 18, pp. 250-256; Stoddard, J.J., Miller, T., Impact of parental smoking on the prevalence of wheezing respiratory illness in children (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. 96-101; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Parental smoking and respiratory illness in infancy (1980) Arch Dis Child, 55, pp. 358-361; Martinez, M.D., Wright, A.L., Taussig, L.M., Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 133-138; Tager, I.B., Hanrahan, J.P., Tosleson, T.D., Lung function, pre- And postnatal smoke exposure and wheezing in the first year of life (1993) American Review of Respiratory Disease, 147, pp. 811-817; Stick, S.M., Burton, P.R., Gurrin, L., Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and a family history of asthma on respiratory function in newborn infants (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1060-1064; Ferris Jr., B.J., Ware, J.H., Berkey, C.S., Effects of passive smoking on health of children (1985) Environ Health Perspect, 1, pp. 99-106; Chen, Y., Li, W.X., Yu, S.Z., Chang-Ning epidemiological study of children's health: 1: passive smoking and children's respiratory diseases (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 348-355; Strachan, D., Cook, D.G., Parental smoking and lower respiratory illness in infancy and early childhood (1997) Thorax, 52, pp. 905-914; Platt, S.D., Martin, C.J., Hunt, S.M., Damp housing, mould growth and symptomatic health state (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 1673-1678; McCarthy, P., Byrne, D., Harrisson, S., Respiratory conditions: Effect of housing and other factors (1985) J Epidemiol Community Health, 39, pp. 15-19; Austin, J.B., Russell, G., Wheeze, cough, atopy and indoor environment in the Scottish Highlands (1997) Arch Dis Child, 76, pp. 22-26; Martin, C.J., Platt, S.D., Hunt, S.M., Housing conditions and ill health (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 1125-1127; Strachan, D.P., Damp housing and childhood asthma: Validation of reporting symptoms (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1223-1226; Blythe, M.E., Some aspects of the ecological study of house dust mites (1976) British Journal of Diseases of the Chest, 70, pp. 3-31; Burr, M.L., Mullins, J., Merrett, J.J.G., Asthma and indoor mould exposure (1985) Thorax, 40, p. 688; Godden, D.J., Ross, S., Abdalla, M., Outcome of wheeze in childhood: Symptoms and pulmonary function 25 years later (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149, pp. 106-112; Dodge, R.R., Burrows, B., The prevalence and incidence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in a general population sample (1980) American Review of Respiratory Disease, 122, pp. 567-575; Drever, F., Whitehead, M., Roden, M., Current patterns and trends in male mortality by social class (based on occupation) (1996) Popul Trends, 86, pp. 15-20; Greenland, S., Finkle, W.D., A critical look at methods for handling missing covariates in epidemiologic regression analysis (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 1255-1264; Davies, H., Joshi, H., Clarke, L., Is it cash the deprived are short of? (1997) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (A), 160, pp. 107-126; Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A., The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations (1986) Pers Soc Psychol, 51, pp. 1173-1182; Kemp, T., Pearce, N., Crane, J., Problems of measuring asthma prevalence (1996) Respirology, 3, pp. 183-188; Baker, D., North, K., (1998) Social Inequality in Health; Report for BBC Bristol Bristol: University of Bristol UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032828655&partnerID=40&md5=8d998c8998259944a635516815b8c82e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Who, what, where, and when? Specifying the impact of educational attainment and labour force participation on family formation T2 - European Journal of Population J2 - Eur. J. Popul. VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 75 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1023/A:1006137104191 SN - 01686577 (ISSN) AU - Liefbroer, A.C. AU - Corijn, M. AD - Netherlands Interdisc. Demogr. Inst., P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands AD - Ctr. for Pop. and Family Studies, Markiesstraat 1, B1000 Brussels, Belgium AB - This article studies the impact of educational attainment and labour force participation on the timing of entering a union, marriage, and parenthood, using data from Flemish and Dutch young adults born between 1961 and 1965. This impact is hypothesized to be contingent on sex, the event under consideration, the societal context in which family formation occurs, and the age of young adults. As expected, educational attainment has a stronger negative effect on women's entry into parenthood than on their entry into a union, a stronger negative effect on women's entry into marriage and parenthood in the Netherlands than in Flanders, and a stronger effect during the early stages of young adulthood than later on. Men's educational attainment did not show the expected positive effect on family formation. Enrollment in full-time education delays family formation, but more so in Flanders than in the Netherlands. Unemployment delays family formation among men, but only in Flanders. The impact of educational attainment and labor force participation on family formation (comprising union, marriage, and parenthood) was investigated in this study. Data were obtained from the Flemish Fertility and Family Survey and the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research. A set of hypotheses was formulated concerning the event-, societal, cohort- and life course-specificity of the impact of educational attainment and labor force participation on family formation. Analysis revealed that the impact of educational attainment was more or less the same for Dutch and Flemish men and women. Educational attainment among men did not show the expected positive effect on family formation. Meanwhile, educational attainment had a strong negative effect on women's entry into parenthood. Educational enrollment delayed family formation among more strongly in Flanders than in the Netherlands, and unemployment delayed it in Flanders exclusively. KW - childbearing KW - educational attainment KW - labor participation KW - marriage KW - article KW - Belgium KW - Demographic Factors KW - demography KW - developed country KW - Economic Factors KW - economics KW - educational status KW - employment KW - Europe KW - family KW - Family And Household KW - Family Research KW - family size KW - Macroeconomic Factors KW - Netherlands KW - population KW - population and population related phenomena KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - Western Europe KW - Belgium KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - Family Research KW - Macroeconomic Factors KW - Netherlands KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Western Europe KW - Belgium KW - Demography KW - Developed Countries KW - Economics KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Europe KW - Family KW - Family Characteristics KW - Netherlands KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Belgium KW - Netherlands N1 - Cited By :107 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12159001 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Liefbroer, A.C.; NLD Interdiscip. Demographic Inst., P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands; email: liefbroer@nidi.nl N1 - Funding text: This paper is based on data from the Flemish Fertility and Family Survey (NEGO V), collected by the Center for Population and Family Studies in Brussels as well as on data collected as part of the research program ‘The Process of Social Integration of Young Adults (SI)’, a collaborative effort of the Vrije Universiteit (Departments of Social Research Methodology and Work and Organizational Psychology), Utrecht University (Department of Sociology) and the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute. The first author’s research project is supported by a grant from the Priority Program for Research on Population Issues of the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). An earlier version of this paper was presented at a seminar on Family and Household Formation in Europe, organized by the British Society for Population Studies, London, December 1996. The authors thank Pearl Dykstra, Frans van Poppel and the anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the paper. N1 - References: Axinn, W., Thornton, A., The influence of parental resources on the timing of the transition to marriage (1992) Social Science Research, 21, pp. 261-285; Becker, G.S., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, U.S.A; Berk, R.A., Berk, S.F., Supply-side sociology of the family: The challenge of the New Home Economics (1983) Annual Review of Sociology, 9, pp. 375-395; Berrington, A., Diamond, I., First Partnership Formation Amongst the 1958 British Birth Cohort: A Discrete Time Competing Risks Analysis (1995) Third European Population Conference, , Milano, Italy; Blom, S., Marriage and cohabitation in a changing society: Experience of Norwegian men and women born in 1945 and 1960 (1994) European Journal of Population, 10, pp. 143-174; Blossfeld, H.P., Changes in the process of family formation and women's growing economic independence: A comparison of nine countries (1995) The New Role of Women: Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 3-23. , H. P. Blossfeld (ed), Westview, Boulder, CO; Blossfeld, H.P., Huinink, J., Human capital investments or norms of role transition? How women's schooling and career affect the process of family formation (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 97, pp. 143-168; Blossfeld, H.P., Rohwer, G., (1995) Techniques of Event History Analysis, , Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J; Brüderl, J., Diekmann, A., Bildung, Geburtskohorte und Heiratsalter: Eine vergleichende Untersuchung des Heiratsverhaltens in Westdeutschland, Ostdeutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten (1994) Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 23, pp. 56-73; Brüderl, J., Klein, T., Bildung und Familiengründung: Institutionen- Versus Niveaueffekt (1991) Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaften, 17, pp. 323-335; Callens, M., (1995) De 'Fertility and Family Survey' in Vlaanderen (NEGO V, 1991). De Gegevensverzameling, , CBGS, Brussels; Callens, M., Family life cycle and employment in Flanders: Results from NEGO V (1991) (1995) Population and Family in the low Countries 1994., pp. 81-106. , H. van den Brekel and F. Deven (eds), Kluwer, Dordrecht; Callens, M., Van Hoorn, W.D., De Jong, A.H., Labour force participation of mothers. a comparison between Belgium and the Netherlands Fertility and Family Survey Research in the 1990s. A Comparative Study of Belgium and the Netherlands, , forthcoming. J. de Beer and F. Deven (eds), Kluwer, Dordrecht; Corijn, M., (1996) Transition into Adulthood in Flanders. Results from the Fertility and Family Survey 1991-92, , NIDI/CBGS, Brussels; Corijn, M., Liefbroer, A.C., De Jong Gierveld, J., It takes two to tango, doesn't it? the influence of couple characteristics on the timing of the birth of the first child (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 117-126; Daelemans, I., Callens, M., (1994) De 'Fertility and Family Survey' in Brussel, , NEGO V. CBGS, Brussels; De Jong Gierveld, J., Liefbroer, A.C., The Netherlands (1995) The New Role of Women. Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 102-125. , H. P. Blossfeld (ed), Westview, Boulder, CO; Ditch, J., Barnes, H., Bradshaw, J., Commaille, J., Eardly, T., (1995) A Synthesis of National Family Policies 1994, , Social Policy Research Unit, University of York; Dijkstra, W., (1993) Het Proces Van Sociale Integratie Van Jong-Volwassenen: de Gegevensverzameling Voor de Tussenmeting en de Tweede Hoofdmeting, , Vrije Universiteit Uitgeverij, Amsterdam; Friedman, D., Hechter, M., Kanazawa, S., A theory of the value of children (1994) Demography, 31, pp. 375-401; (1995) Eurobarometer Spring 1995, , European Commission, Brussels; Gauthier, A.H., (1996) The State and the Family. a Comparative Analysis of Family Policies in Industrialized Countries, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Goldscheider, F.K., Waite, L.J., Sex differences in the entry into marriage (1986) American Journal of Sociology, 92, pp. 91-109; Halman, L., De persistentie van de burgerlijkheid: Aspecten van primaire relaties in internationaal vergelijkend onderzoek naar waarden en normen (1991) Gezin, 3, pp. 105-118; Hoem, J.M., The impact of education on modern family-union initiation (1986) European Journal of Population, 2, pp. 113-133; Huinink, J., (1993) Warum Noch Familie? Zur Attraktivität Von Partnerschaft und Elternschaft in Unserer Gesellschaft, , Habilitationsschrift Freie Universität Berlin; Huinink, J., Education, work, and family patterns of men: The case of West Germany (1995) The New Role of Women. Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 247-262. , H. P. Blossfeld (ed), Westview, Boulder, CO; Kalmijn, M., Shifting boundaries: Trends in religious and educational homogamy (1991) American Sociological Review, 56, pp. 786-800; Kalmijn, M., Effecten van opleidingsniveau, duur en richting op het tijdstip waarop paren hun eerste kind krijgen (1996) Bevolking en Gezin, pp. 41-71; Kiernan, K.E., Eldridge, S.M., Age at marriage: Inter and intra cohort variation (1987) British Journal of Sociology, 38, pp. 44-65; Leridon, H., Toulemon, L., France (1995) The New Role of Women. Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 77-101. , H. P. Blossfeld (ed), Westview, Boulder, CO; Lesthaeghe, R., Surkyn, J., Cultural dynamics and economic theories of fertility change (1988) Population and Development Review, 14, pp. 1-45; Liefbroer, A.C., The choice between a married or unmarried first union by young adults: A competing risks analysis (1991) European Journal of Population, 7, pp. 273-298; Liefbroer, A.C., Kalmijn, M., (1997) Panel Study of Social Integration in the Netherlands 1987-1995 (PSIN8795). Codebook, , ICS Occasional Papers and Documents Series (ICS Code Books 30). Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology, Utrecht; Lindenberg, S., Social approval, fertility and female labour market (1991) Female Labour Market Behaviour and Fertility, pp. 32-58. , J. J. Siegers, J. de Jong Gierveld and E. van Imhoff (eds), Springer, Berlin; MacDonald, M.M., Rindfuss, R.R., Earnings, relative income, and family formation (1981) Demography, 18, pp. 123-136; Manting, D., (1994) Dynamics in Marriage and Cohabitation. an Inter-Temporal, Life Course Analysis of First Union Formation and Dissolution, , Thesis, Amsterdam; Murphy, M., Economic models of fertility in post-war Britain - A conceptual and statistical re-interpretation (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 235-258; Oppenheimer, V.K., A theory of marriage timing (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 563-591; Oppenheimer, V.K., Women's rising employment and the future of the family in industrial societies (1994) Population and Development Review, 20, pp. 293-342; Oppenheimer, V.K., The role of women's economic independence in marriage formation: A skeptic's response to Annemette Sørensen's remarks (1995) The New Role of Women. Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 236-243. , H. P. Blossfeld (ed), Westview, Boulder, CO; Oppenheimer, V.K., Blossfeld, H.P., Wackerow, A., United States of America (1995) The New Role of Women. Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 150-173. , H. P. Blossfeld (ed), Westview, Boulder, CO; Oppenheimer, V.K., Kalmijn, M., Lim, N., Men's career development and marriage timing during a period of rising inequality (1997) Demography, 34, pp. 311-330; Pinelli, A., De Rose, A., Italy (1995) The New Role of Women. Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 174-190. , H. P. Blossfeld (ed), Westview, Boulder, CO; Pollak, R.A., Watkins, S.C., Cultural and economic approaches to fertility: A proper marriage or a mésalliance? (1993) Population and Development Review, 19, pp. 467-496; Robert, P., Blossfeld, H.P., Hungary (1995) The New Role of Women. Family Formation in Modern Societies, pp. 211-236. , H. P. Blossfeld (ed), Westview, Boulder, CO; Santow, G., Bracher, M., Change and continuity in the formation of first marital unions in Australia (1994) Population Studies, 48, pp. 475-496; Thomson, E., Colella, U., Cohabitation and marital stability: Quality or commitment? (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 259-267; Thornton, A., Cohabitation and marriage in the 1980s (1988) Demography, 25, pp. 497-508; Thornton, A., Axinn, W.G., Teachman, J.D., The influence of school enrollment and accumulation on cohabitation and marriage in early adulthood (1995) American Sociological Review, 60, pp. 762-774; Van Peer, C., Moors, H., Perceived obstacles to fertility: Opinions on family policies in Flanders and in the Netherlands (1996) Population and Family in the low Countries 1995, pp. 41-66. , H. van den Brekel and F. Deven (eds), Kluwer, Dordrecht; Waite, L.J., Does marriage matter? (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 483-550 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032865534&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1006137104191&partnerID=40&md5=5d181202a7c1fca5f264fad0bc446578 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Abnormal involuntary movements in neuroleptic-naive children and adolescents T2 - Canadian Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Can. J. Psychiatry VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 368 EP - 373 PY - 1999 SN - 07067437 (ISSN) AU - Magulac, M. AU - Landsverk, J. AU - Golshan, S. AU - Jeste, D.V. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States AD - School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States AD - Psychiatry Service, S. Diego Vet. Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States AD - Dept. of Psychiat. and Neurosciences, Geriatric Psychiat. Clin. Res. Ctr., University of California, San Diego, CA, United States AD - San Diego VA Medical Center (116A-1), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, United States AB - Objective: To determine the prevalence of and identify risk factors for abnormal involuntary movements in a well-characterized community sample of neuroleptic-naive children and adolescents. Method: The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) was administered to 390 subjects aged 3-17 years who were in foster care. Additional instruments were used to assess intellect and behaviour problems. Results: A total 12.6% of subjects had at least 1 rating of 'mild' movements on AIMS; these included 4.1% with at least 2 ratings of 'mild' or 2 of 'moderate' severity. Significant risk factors for movement disorder were younger age, lower IQ, and more severe behaviour problems. The abnormal movements were usually orofacial, and the affected subjects were generally unaware of these movements. Conclusion: The base prevalence of abnormal involuntary movements must be considered in children and adolescents assessed for medication in order to determine the true rate of motor side effects. KW - Antipsychotics KW - Foster care KW - Mental retardation KW - Movement disorder KW - Psychosis KW - Tardive dyskinesia KW - anticonvulsive agent KW - antidepressant agent KW - neuroleptic agent KW - adolescent KW - article KW - autism KW - child KW - disease severity KW - dyskinesia KW - female KW - foster care KW - human KW - human cell KW - human tissue KW - involuntary movement KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prevalence KW - rating scale KW - risk factor KW - Adolescent KW - Analysis of Variance KW - California KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced KW - Female KW - Foster Home Care KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Movement Disorders KW - Prevalence KW - Reference Values KW - Risk Factors KW - Severity of Illness Index N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CJPSD C2 - 10332578 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jeste, D.V.; San Diego VA Medical Center (116A-1), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, United States; email: djeste@ucsd.edu N1 - References: Kane, J.M., Jeste, D.V., Barnes, T.R.E., Casey, D.E., Cole, J.O., Davis, J.M., (1992) Tardive Dyskinesia: A Task Force Report of the American Psychiatric Association, , Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; Kane, J.M., Smith, J.M., Tardive dyskinesia: Prevalence and risk factors, 1959 to 1979 (1982) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39, pp. 473-481; Jeste, D.V., Caligiuri, M.P., Tardive dyskinesia (1993) Schizophr Bull, 19, pp. 303-315; Altrocciti, P., Spontaneous oral-facial dyskinesia (1972) Arch Neurol, 26, pp. 506-512; Brandon, S., McClelland, H.A., Protheroe, C., A study of facial dyskinesia, in a mental hospital population (1971) Br J Psychiatry, 118, pp. 171-184; Casey, D.E., Hansen, T.E., Spontaneous dyskinesias (1984) Neuropsychiatric Movement Disorders, pp. 67-95. , Jeste DV, Wyatt RJ, editors. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; Delwaide, P.J., Desseilles, M., Spontaneous buccolinguofacial dyskinesia in the elderly (1977) Acta Neurol Scand, 56, pp. 256-262; Lieberman, J., Kane, J., Woerner, M., Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in elderly samples (1984) Psychopharmacol Bull, 20, pp. 22-26; Sutcher, H.D., Underwood, R.B., Beatty, R.A., Orofacial dyskinesia, a dental dimension (1971) JAMA, 216, pp. 1459-1463; Koller, W.D., Edentulous orodyskinesia (1982) Ann Neurol, 13, pp. 97-99; Campbell, M., Grega, D.M., Green, W.H., Bennett, W.G., Neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias in children (1983) Clin Neuropharmacol, 6, pp. 207-222; Campbell, M., Perry, R., Bennett, W.G., Small, A.M., Green, W.H., Grega, D., Long-term therapeutic efficacy and drug-related abnormal movements: A prospective study of haloperidol in autistic children (1983) Psychopharmacol Bull, 19, pp. 80-83; McAndrew, J.B., Case, Q., Treffert, D.A., Effects of prolonged phenothiazine intake on psychotic and other hospitalized children (1972) Journal of Autism and Child Schizophrenia, 2, pp. 75-91; Paulson, G.W., Rizvi, C.A., Crane, G.E., Tardive dyskinesia as a possible sequel of long-term therapy with phenothiazines (1975) Clin Pediatr, 14, pp. 953-955; Polizos, P., Engelhardt, D., Dyskinetic phenomena in children treated with psychotropic medications (1978) Psychopharmacol Bull, 14, pp. 65-68; Polizos, P., Engelhardt, D.M., Hoffman, S.P., Waizer, J., Neurological consequences of psychotropic drug withdrawal in schizophrenic children (1973) Journal of Autism and Child Schizophrenia, 3, pp. 247-253; Richardson, M.A., Haugland, G., Craig, T.J., Neuroleptic use, Parkinsonian symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and associated factors in child and adolescent psychiatric patients (1991) Am J Psychiatry, 148, pp. 1322-1328; Silverstein, F., Johnston, M., Risks of neuroleptic drugs in children (1987) J Child Neurol, 2, pp. 41-43; Tarsy, D., Granacher, R., Bralower, M., Tardive dyskinesia in young adults (1977) Am J Psychiatry, 134, pp. 1032-1034; Werry, J.S., Aman, M.G., Methylphenidate and haloperidol in children: Effects on attention, memory and activity (1975) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 32, pp. 790-795; Werry, J.S., Aman, M.G., Lampon, E., Haloperidol and methlphenidate in hyperactive children (1976) Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 42, pp. 26-40; Schooler, N., Kane, J.M., Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia (1982) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39, pp. 486-487; Khot, V., Wyatt, R.J., Not all that moves is tardive dyskinesia (1991) Am J Psychiatry, 148, pp. 661-666; Campbell, M., Adams, P., Perry, R., Spencer, E.K., Overall, J.E., Tardive and withdrawal dyskinesia in autistic children: A prospective study (1988) Psychopharmacol Bull, 24, pp. 251-255; Campbell, M., Anderson, L.T., Cohen, I.L., Perry, R., Small, A.M., Green, W.H., Haloperidol in autistic children: Effects on learning, behavior, and abnormal involuntary movements (1982) Psychopharmacol Bull, 18, pp. 110-112; Perry, R., Campbell, M., Green, W.H., Small, A.M., Die Trill, M.L., Meiselas, K., Neuroleptic related dyskinesias in autistic children: A prospective study (1985) Psychopharmacol Bull, 21, pp. 140-143; Gualtieri, C.T., Schroeder, S.R., Hicks, R.E., Quade, D., Tardive dyskinesia in young mentally retarded individuals (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 335-340; Gualtieri, C.T., Evans, R., Carbamazepine-induced tics (1984) Dev Med Child Neurol, 26, pp. 546-548; Gualtieri, C.T., Brenning, S.E., Schroeder, S.R., Quade, D., Tardive dyskinesia in mentally retarded children, adolescents and young adults: North Carolina and Michigan studies (1982) Psychopharmacol Bull, 18, pp. 62-65; Meiselas, K., Spencer, E., Oberfield, R., Peselow, E.D., Angrist, B., Campbell, M., Differentiation of stereotypies from neuroleptic-related dyskinesias in autistic children (1989) J Clin Psychopharmacol, 9, pp. 207-209; Gualtieri, C.T., Quade, D., Hicks, R.E., Mayo, J.P., Schroeder, S.R., Tardive dyskinesia and other clinical consequences of neuroleptic treatment in children and adolescents (1984) Am J Psychiatry, 141, pp. 20-23; Abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) (1975) Early Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit Intercom, 4, pp. 3-6; Dunn, L.M., (1981) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, , Circle Pines (MN): American Guidance Service; Gage, G.E., Naumann, T.F., Correlation of the peabody picture vocabulary test and the wechsler intelligence scale for children (1965) Journal of Educational Research, 58, pp. 466-468; Achenbach, T.M., (1991) Manual for the Child Behavioral Checklist 4-18 and 1991 Profile, , Burlington: University of Vermont; Campbell, M., Palij, M., Measurement of side effects including tardive dyskinesia (1985) Psychopharmacol Bull, 21, pp. 1063-1075; Munetz, M., Benjamin, S., How to examine patients using the abnormal involuntary movement scale (1988) Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1172-1177; Gualtieri, C.T., Quade, D., Hicks, R.E., 20 vignettes on VHS videotape, supported by NIMH grant 35339 (1980) Anonymous. Tardive Dyskinesia: Differential Diagnosis, , Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina; Jeste, D.V., Wyatt, R.J., (1982) Understanding and Treating Tardive Dyskinesia, , New York: Guilford Press; Shrout, P.E., Fleiss, J.L., Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability (1979) Psychol Bull, 86, pp. 420-428; Boncour, G.P., Les tics chez l'ecolier et leur interpretation (1910) Le Progres Medical, 3rd Series, 26, pp. 495-496; DeLong, M.R., Georgopoulos, A.P., Crutcher, M.D., Cortico-basal ganglia relations and coding of motor performance (1983) Exp Brain Res, 7, pp. 30-40; Kellmer-Pringle, M.L., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., First report of national child development study Anonymous. 11,000 Seven-year-olds, p. 1967. , London: National Bureau for Cooperation in Child Care; 185 p; Chouinard, G., Ross-Chouinard, A., Annable, L., Jones, B.D., Extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (1980) Can J Neurol Sci, 7, p. 233; Devinsky, O., Geller, B.D., Gilles de la tourette's syndrome (1992) Movement Disorders in Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, pp. 471-478. , Joseph AB, Young RR, editors. London: Blackwell Scientific Publicatons; Yassa, R., Jeste, D.V., Gender differences in tardive dyskinesia: A critical review of the literature (1992) Schizophr Bull, 18, pp. 701-715; Comings, D.E., Himes, J.A., Comings, B.G., An epidemiologic study of Tourerte's syndrome in a single school district (1990) J Clin Psychiatry, 51, pp. 463-469; Kurlan, R., Whitmore, D., Irvine, C., McDermott, M.P., Como, P.G., Tourette's syndrome in a special education population: Preliminary findings (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. A310; Jeste, D.V., Caligiuri, M.P., Paulsen, J.S., Heaton, R.K., Lacro, J.P., Harris, M.J., Risk of tardive dyskinesia in older patients: A prospective longitudinal study of 266 patients (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52, pp. 756-765; Denckla, M.B., Bemporad, J.R., Mackay, M.C., Tics following methylphenidate administration (1976) JAMA, 235, pp. 1349-1351; Kurlan, R., Hypothesis Ii: Tourette's syndrome is part of a clinical spectrum that includes normal brain development (1994) Arch Neurol, 51, pp. 1145-1150 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032804415&partnerID=40&md5=3c8e0308004f347f1dfd8cb2caa94514 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of exposure to gas cooking in childhood and adulthood on respiratory symptoms, allergic sensitization and lung function in young British adults T2 - Clinical and Experimental Allergy J2 - Clin. Exp. Allergy VL - 29 IS - 8 SP - 1033 EP - 1041 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00561.x SN - 09547894 (ISSN) AU - Moran, S.E. AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Johnston, I.D.A. AU - Anderson, H.R. AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Queens' Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - Background: There is evidence that people who use gas for cooking have reduced lung function and experience more respiratory symptoms than those who use other fuels for cooking. Objectives: To study the effect of the presence of a gas cooker in the home, during both childhood and adulthood, on respiratory symptoms, allergic sensitization and ventilatory function among young adults. Methods: A sample of 1449 young adults born in Britain 3-9 March 1958, who have been followed from birth to ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 years, were examined at home at age 34-35 years. FEV1 and FVC were measured before and 20 min after inhalation of 400 μg salbutamol, and skin prick tests performed with three allergen extracts (grass, Der p 1 and cat). An interview on respiratory symptoms and indoor environmental exposures was included. Results: No association was found between gas cooking in childhood or adulthood and incidence or prognosis of asthma/wheeze, allergic sensitization or current severity of respiratory symptoms. Subjects who currently used gas for cooking had a significantly reduced FEV1 (-70 mL, 95% CI ± 56) but not FVC (-35 mL, 95% CI ± 61) compared with those who used electricity for cooking. This reduction in FEV(t) was concentrated among men and current asthmatics. Conclusion: The use of gas for cooking is unlikely to be a major influence on respiratory morbidity in young adults. KW - Allergic sensitization KW - Gas cooking KW - Lung function KW - Respiratory symptoms KW - allergen KW - salbutamol KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - allergy KW - article KW - childhood KW - cooking KW - environmental exposure KW - female KW - forced expiratory volume KW - human KW - indoor air pollution KW - lung function KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prick test KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - respiratory tract disease KW - sensitization KW - United Kingdom KW - wheezing KW - Adult KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cookery KW - Female KW - Fossil Fuels KW - Humans KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Male KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - Pulmonary Ventilation KW - Questionnaires KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Skin Tests N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CLEAE C2 - 10457105 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Strachan, D.P.; Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Fossil Fuels; Nitrogen Dioxide, 10102-44-0 N1 - References: Samet, J.M., Marbury, M.C., Spengler, J.D., Health effects and sources of indoor air pollution. Part 1 (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis, 136, pp. 1486-1508; Melia, R.J.W., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Indoor levels of NO2 associated with gas cookers and kerosene heaters in inner city areas of England (1990) Atmos Environ, 24 B, pp. 177-180; Keller, M.D., Lanese, R.R., Mitchell, R.I., Cote, R.W., Respiratory illness in households using gas and electricity for cooking. I survey incidence (1979) Environ Res, 19, pp. 495-503; Comstock, G.W., Meyer, M.B., Helsing, K.J., Tockman, M.S., Respiratory effects of household exposures to tobacco smoke and gas cooking (1981) Am Rev Respir Dis, 124, pp. 143-148; Helsing, K.J., Comstock, G.W., Meyer, M.B., Tockman, M.S., Respiratory effects of household exposures to tobacco smoke and gas cooking on nonsmokers (1982) Environ Int, 8, pp. 365-370; Jones, J.R., Higgins, I.T., Higgins, M.W., Keller, M.D., Effects of cooking fuels on lung function in nonsmoking women (1983) Arch Environ Health, 38, pp. 219-222; Lebowitz, M.D., Holberg, C.J., Boyer, B., Hayes, C., Respiratory symptoms and peak flow associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution in the Southwest (1985) J Air Pollut Control Assoc, 35, pp. 1154-1158; Fischer, P., Remijn, B., Brunekreef, B., Van Der Lende, R., Schouten, J., Quanjer, P., Indoor air pollution and its effects on pulmonary function of adult non-smoking women: II. Associations between nitrogen dioxide and pulmonary function (1985) Int J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 221-226; Ostro, B.D., Lipsett, M.J., Mann, J.K., Krupnick, A., Harrington, W., Air pollution and respiratory morbidity among adults in Southern California (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 137, pp. 691-700; Jarvis, D., Chinn, S., Luczynska, C., Burney, P., Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function in young adults with use of domestic gas appliances (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 426-431; Ostro, B.D., Lipsett, M.J., Mann, J.K., Wiener, M.B., Selner, J., Indoor air pollution and asthma. Results from a panel study (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149, pp. 1400-1406; Ng, T.P., Hui, K.P., Tan, W.C., Respiratory symptoms and lung function effects of domestic exposure to tobacco smoke and cooking by gas in non-smoking women in Singapore (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 454-458; Jarvis, D., Chinn, S., Sterne, C., Luczynska, P., The association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with the use of gas for cooking (1998) Eur Respir J, 11, pp. 561-658; Hasselblad, V., Eddy, D.M., Kotchmar, D.J., Synthesis of environmental evidence: Nitrogen dioxide epidemiology studies (1992) J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 42, pp. 662-671; Strachan, D.P., Butland, B.K., Anderson, H.R., Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1195-1199; Strachan, D.P., Griffiths, J.M., Johnston, I.D.A., Anderson, H.R., Ventilatory function in British adults after asthma or wheezing illness at ages 0-35 (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154, pp. 1629-1635; Strachan, D.P., Harkins, L.S., Johnston, I.D.A., Anderson, H.R., Childhood antecedents of allergic sensitization in young British adults (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 99, pp. 6-12; Standardisation of spirometry 1987 Update (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis, 136, pp. 1285-1298; (1990) System Inc SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, 4th Edn., , Cart, NC: SAS System Inc; Dean, A.G., Dean, J.A., Coulombier, D., (1994) Epi Info, Version 6: A Word Processing, Database and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Microcomputers, , Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Fuhlbrigge, A., Weiss, S., Domestic gas appliances and lung disease (1997) Thorax, 52 (SUPPL. 3), pp. S58-S62; Keller, M.D., Lanese, R.R., Mitchell, R.I., Cote, R.W., Respiratory illness in households using gas and electricity for cooking. II. Symptoms and objective findings (1979) Environ Res, 19, pp. 504-515; Devalia, J.L., Rusznak, C., Herdman, M.J., Trigg, C.J., Tarraf, H., Davies, R.J., Effect of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide on airway response of mild asthmatics patients to allergen inhalation (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1668-1671; Tunnieliffe, W.S., Burge, P.S., Ayres, J.G., Effect of domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic patients (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1733-1736; Hasselblad, V., Humble, C.G., Graham, M.G., Anderson, H.S., Indoor environmental determinants of lung function in children (1981) Am Rev Respir Dis, 123, pp. 479-485 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032793765&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-2222.1999.00561.x&partnerID=40&md5=47970e4a7b00c9f72138cd6b27258171 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal cigarette smoking and pregnancy outcome T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 245 EP - 253 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1999.00187.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Tuthill, D.P. AU - Stewart, J.H. AU - Coles, E.C. AU - Andrews, J. AU - Cartlidge, P.H.T. AD - Department of Child Health, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom AD - Medical Computing and Statistics, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom AD - Cardiff Births Survey, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom AD - Department of Child Health, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff CF4 4XN, United Kingdom AB - Maternal smoking rates in pregnancy have declined, particularly in the non-manual social classes, and perinatal mortality rates have fallen over the last 20 years. We have therefore re-evaluated the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking and pregnancy outcome against this background. A total of 608 stillbirths and 634 infant deaths were identified using the All Wales Perinatal Survey. The cause of death was classified using the clinicopathological system. Maternal smoking rates and social class groupings were compared with those in a cohort of 16,047 survivors born to women resident in South Glamorgan. The smoking rate was 37.8% in mothers of babies who died compared with 27.2% in mothers of survivors, an odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 [95% CI 1.44, 1.84]. The OR for unexplained stillbirth was 1.72 [95% CI 1.38, 2.13], placental abruption 2.07 [95% CI 1.29, 3.31], infection 3.70 [95% CI 2.23, 6.13] and sudden infant death syndrome 4.84 [95% CI 3.05, 7.69]. Maternal smoking was not associated with death due to prematurity or a congenital anomaly. Despite changes in smoking habits and the causes of perinatal death, smoking during pregnancy continues to be strongly associated with fetal and infant mortality. It is important that health promotion activities are effective in reducing smoking during pregnancy. KW - article KW - cause of death KW - cigarette smoking KW - congenital malformation KW - female KW - fetus KW - health promotion KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - infection KW - major clinical study KW - mother KW - newborn KW - perinatal death KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy complication KW - prematurity KW - risk KW - smoking habit KW - social class KW - solutio placentae KW - stillbirth KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Middle Aged KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :64 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 10440045 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cartlidge, P.H.T.; Department of Child Health, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff CF4 4XN, United Kingdom; email: Cartlidge@cf.ac.uk N1 - References: Simpson, W.J., A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity (1957) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 73, pp. 808-815; Meyer, M.B., Tonascia, J.A., Maternal smoking, pregnancy complications and perinatal mortality (1977) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 128, pp. 494-502; Kleinman, J.C., Mitchell, B., Pierre, M.B., Madans, J.H., Land, G.H., Schramm, W.F., The effects of maternal smoking on fetal and infant mortality (1988) American Journal of Epidemiology, 127, pp. 274-282; Cnattingius, S., Haglund, B., Meirik, O., Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for late fetal and early neonatal death (1988) British Medical Journal, 297, pp. 258-261; Andrews, J., McGarry, J.M., A community study of smoking in pregnancy (1972) Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 79, pp. 1057-1073; Meyer, M.B., Jonas, B., Tonascia, J.A., Perinatal events associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy (1976) American Journal of Epidemiology, 103, pp. 464-476; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems; the Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; McIntosh, I., Smoking and pregnancy II. Offspring risks (1984) Public Health Reviews, 12, pp. 29-63; Malloy, M.H., Kleinman, J.C., Land, G.H., Schramm, W.F., The association of maternal smoking with age and cause of infant death (1988) American Journal of Epidemiology, 128, pp. 46-55; (1993) Health of the Nation: Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke, , Key Area Handbook; (1995) General Household Survey, , London: HMSO; Wald, N., Nicholaides-Bouman, A., (1991) UK Smoking Statistics, 2nd Edn., , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (1992) Heartbeat Wales. Recent Trends in Lifestyles in Wales 1985-1990, , Cardiff: Health Promotion Authority for Wales; White, E., Shy, K.K., Daling, J., Guthrie, R., Maternal smoking and infant respiratory distress syndrome (1986) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 67, pp. 365-370; Duffus, G.M., MacGillivray, I., The incidence of pre-eclampsic toxaemia in smokers and non-smokers (1968) Lancet, 1, p. 1994; (1997) All Wales Perinatal Survey and Confidential Enquiry Into-Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy. Annual Report 1996, , Cardiff: Perinatal Survey Office; Andrews, J., Cotter, M., Richards, R., Lewis, D., (1996) Report on Maternal Data/Information Aspects of the Child Health System, , Cardiff: Welsh Office; Wigglesworth, J.S., Monitoring perinatal mortality, a pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686; Keeling, J.W., MacGillivray, I., Golding, J., Wigglesworth, J., Berry, J., Dunn, P.M., Classification of perinatal death (1989) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64, pp. 1345-1351; Andrews, J., Davies, K., Chalmers, I., Campbell, H., The Cardiff Births Survey. (1986) Genetics and Population Studies in Wales, pp. 317-341. , Cardiff: University of Wales Press; (1994) Parliamentary Constituency Monitor 1991 Census, Wales, , London: HMSO; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1980) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol. 1-The Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 1. , Scientific Publication No. 32. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; (1993) Standard Occupation Classification, , London: HMSO; Spinillo, A., Capuzzo, E., Colonna, C., Solerte, L., Nicola, S., Guaschino, S., Factors associated with abruptio placentae in preterm deliveries (1994) Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 73, pp. 307-312; Eriksen, G., Wolhert, M., Ersbak, V., Hvidman, L., Hedegaard, M., Skajaa, K., Placental abruption: A case control investigation (1991) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 98, pp. 448-1152; Andrews, J., Thiocyanate and smoking in pregnancy (1973) Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 80, pp. 810-814; Blair, P.S., Fleming, P., Bensley, D., Smith, I., Bacon, C., Taylor, E., Smoking and the sudden infant death syndrome: Results from 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 195-198; Mitchell, E.A., Ford, R.P., Stewart, A.W., Taylor, B.J., Becroft, D.M., Thompson, J.M., Smoking and the sudden infant death syndrome (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 893-896; Sayers, N.M., Drucker, D.B., Telford, D.R., Morris, J.A., Effects of nicotine on bacterial toxins associated with cot death (1995) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 73, pp. 549-551 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032867066&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-3016.1999.00187.x&partnerID=40&md5=b625823f1cb4ee077ee4984ea4df5284 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socioeconomic environment on adult health T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - Am. J. Public Health VL - 89 IS - 7 SP - 1059 EP - 1065 PY - 1999 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AU - Matthews, S. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. This study investigated timing and duration effects of socio-economic status (SES) on self-rated health at 33 years of age and established whether health risks are modified by changing SES and whether cumulative SES operates through education. Methods. Data were from the 1958 British birth cohort. Occupational class at birth and at 16, 23, and 33 years of age was used to generate a lifetime SES score. Results. At 33 years of age, 12% of men and women reported poor health. SES at birth and at 16, 23, and 33 years of age was significantly associated with poor health: all ages except 16 years in men made an additional contribution to the prediction of poor health. No large differences in effect sizes emerged, suggesting that timing was not a major factor. Odds of poor health increased by 15% (men) and 18% (women) with a 1-unit increase in the lifetime SES score. Strong effects of lifetime SES persisted after adjustment for education level. Conclusions. SES from birth to 33 years of age had a cumulative effect on poor health in early adulthood. This highlights the importance of duration of exposure to socioeconomic conditions for adult health. KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - controlled study KW - education KW - female KW - health hazard KW - health status KW - human KW - male KW - normal human KW - prediction KW - regression analysis KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :111 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 10394316 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Elo, I.T., Preston, S.H., Effects of early-life conditions on adult mortality: A review (1992) Popul Index, 58, pp. 186-212; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of III Health From Early to Adult Life, , Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Marmot, M., Wadsworth, M., Fetal and early childhood environment: Long term health implications (1997) Br Med Bull, p. 53; Forsdahl, A., Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br J Prev Soc Med, 31, pp. 91-95; Mare, R.D., Socioeconomic careers and differential mortality among older men in the United States (1990) Measurement and Mortality: New Approaches, pp. 362-387. , Mare RD, Vallin J, de Souza S, Polloni A, eds. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552; Wannamethee, G., Whincup, P., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of father's social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; Vagero, D., Leon, D., Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 1224-1225; Gliksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343 (8896), pp. 524-527; Schwarte, J.E., Freidman, H.S., Tucker, J.S., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D.L., Criqui, M.H., Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in childhood as predictors of adult mortality (1995) Am J Public Health, 85, pp. 1237-1245; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 449-453; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351 (APRIL 4), pp. 1009-1014; (1992) Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey, , London, England: Sports Council and Health Education Authority; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London, England: Chapman Hall; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) Am J Epidemiol, 117, pp. 292-304; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessed health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 239-245; Idler, E.L., Angel, R.L., Self-rated health and mortality in the NHANES-1 epidemiologic follow-up study (1990) Am J Public Health, 80, pp. 446-452; Cox, B.D., Huppert, F.A., Whichelow, M.J., (1993) The Health and Lifestyle Survey: Seven Years On, , Aldershot, England: Dartmouth Publishing; Moller, L., Kristensen, T.S., Hollnagel, H., Self rated health as a predictor of coronary heart disease in Copenhagen, Denmark (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 423-428; Appels, A., Bosma, H., Grabauskas, A., Gostautas, A., Sturmans, F., Self rated health and mortality in a Lithuanian and Dutch population (1996) Soc Sci Med, 42, pp. 681-689; Miilunpalo, S., Vuori, I., Oja, P., Pasanen, M., Urponen, H., Self-rated health status as a health measure: The predictive value of self-reported health status on the use of physician services and on mortality in the working age population (1997) J Clin Epidemiol, 50, pp. 517-528; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London, England: National Children's Bureau; Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey-Smith, G., Birthweight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1479; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Soc Sci Med, 45, pp. 761-771; Betsley, D.A., Kuh, E., Welsch, R.E., (1980) Regression Diagnostics, , New York, NY: John Wiley Inc; Wax, Y., Collinearity diagnostics for a relative risk regression analysis (1992) Stat Med, 11, pp. 1273-1287; Mittlbock, M., Schemper, M., Explained variation for logistic regression (1996) Stat Med, 15, pp. 1987-1997; Agresti, A., (1984) Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data, , New York, NY: Wiley; Atkinson, A.C., A note on the generalized information criterion for choice of a model (1980) Biometrika, 67, pp. 413-418; Rose, D., (1997) Constructing Classes Toward a New Social Classification for the UK, , London, England: Office for National Statistics; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Hart, C., Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Social mobility, health, and cardiovascular mortality (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 552-553; Moore, D.E., Hayward, M.D., Occupational careers and mortality of elderly men (1990) Demography, pp. 2731-2753; Duleep, H.O., Measuring the effect of income on adult mortality using longitudinal administrative record data (1986) J Hum Resources, 21, pp. 238-251; McDonough, P., Duncan, G.J., Williams, D., House, J., Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989 (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1476-1483; Wolfson, M., Rowe, G., Gentleman, J.F., Tomiak, M., Career earnings and death: A longitudinal analysis of older Canadian men (1993) J Gerontol, 48, pp. S167-S179; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Shema, S.J., Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 1889-1895; Brunner, E., Davey Smith, G., Marmot, M., Canner, R., Beksinska, M., O'Brien, J., Childhood social circumstances and psychosocial and behavioural factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1008-1013; Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1434-1438; Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , London, England: British Medical Journal; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , London, England: British Medical Journal; Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Social pathways between childhood and adult health (1997) A Lifecourse Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 169-198. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, eds. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P.K., Economic deprivation and early childhood development (1994) Child Dev, 65, pp. 296-318; Pagani, L., Boulerice, B., Tremblay, R.E., The influence of poverty on children's placement and behavioral problems (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 311-339. , Duncan GJ, Brooks-Gunn J, eds. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation; Corcoran, M., Gordon, R., Laren, D., Solon, G., The association between men's economic status and their family and community origins (1992) J Hum Resources, 27, pp. 575-601; Korenman, S., Miller, J.E., Effects of long term poverty on physical health of children in the national longitudinal survey of youth (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, pp. 70-99. , Duncan GJ, Brooks-Gunn J, eds. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation; Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Hole, D., Education and occupational social class: Which is the more important indicator of mortality risk? (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 153-160; Dahl, E., Social inequalities in ill-health: The significance of occupational status, education and income-results from a Norwegian survey (1994) Social Health Illness, 16, pp. 644-667; Mackenbach, J.R., Socioeconomic health differences in the Netherlands: A review of recent empirical findings (1992) Soc Sci Med, 34, pp. 213-226; Rahkonen, O., Arber, S., Lahelma, E., Health inequalities in early adulthood: A comparison of young men and women in Britain and Finland (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41, pp. 163-171; Winkleby, M.A., Socioeconomic status and health: How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 816-820; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Cripps, H.A., Midwinter, R.E., Colley, J.R.T., Blood pressure in a national birth cohort at the age of 36 related to social and familial factors, smoking, and body mass (1985) BMJ, 291, pp. 1534-1538; Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 1121-1123; Nystrom Peck, A.M., Childhood environment, intergenerational mobility, and adult health -evidence from Swedish data (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 71-74 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033366795&partnerID=40&md5=61e78d3ccb8fc409679dd227b1225556 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social support at age 33: The influence of gender, employment status and social class T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 133 EP - 142 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00122-7 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Matthews, S. AU - Stansfeld, S. AU - Power, C. AD - Institute of Child Health, Dept. Epidemiol. Pub. Hlth., U., London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Univ. Coll. London, 1-19 T., London, United Kingdom AB - This paper investigates the conceptualisation and operationalisation of social support and it's relationship to gender, employment status and social class. Clarification of these relationships is sought in order to better understand associations between social support and health. We used data from the 33-year survey of the 1958 British birth cohort study. Individual items and subscales of practical and emotional support were examined. In general, men had lower support than women and social classes IV and V had lower support than classes I and II. Emotional support, either from personal (for example, from friends or family), or combined with organisational sources of support (such as from a church or a financial institution), showed consistent gender and social class patterns. This suggests that emotional support is a robust concept across socio-demographic groups. Less consistent trends were found for practical support, in that socio-demographic trends depended on how practical support was measured. In particular, it depended on whether both personal and organisational sources of support were examined. Gender differences in social support were large and might therefore be expected to contribute to gender differences in health, whereas social class differences in social support were modest, suggesting a minor explanatory role for this factor in accounting for inequalities in health. KW - British birth cohort KW - Employment status KW - Gender KW - Social support KW - employment KW - gender role KW - health impact KW - social network KW - article KW - controlled study KW - correlation function KW - demography KW - employment KW - female KW - health survey KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - social support KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Cohort Studies KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Social Support KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :50 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 10414846 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Matthews, S.; Institute of Child Health, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: s.matthews@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Aneshensel, C.S., Stone, J.D., Stress and depression: A test of the buffering model of social support (1982) Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1392-1396; Antonucci, T.C., Akiyama, H., An examination of sex differences in social support among older men and women (1987) Sex Roles, 17 (11-12), pp. 737-749; Barrera, M., Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents: Assessment issues (1981) Social Networks and Social Support, pp. 69-96. , B.H. Gottlieb. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications; Bartley, M., Unemployment and ill health: Understanding the relationship (1994) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 48, pp. 333-337; Berkman, L.F., Assessing the physical health effects of social networks and social support (1984) Annual Review of Public Health, 5, pp. 413-432; Berkman, L., Breslow, L., (1983) Health and Ways of Living. the Alameda County Study, , New York: Oxford University Press; Billings, A.G., Moos, R.H., The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events (1981) Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 4 (2), pp. 139-157; Blazer, D., Social support and mortality in an elderly community population (1982) American Journal of Epidemiology, 115, pp. 684-694; Broadhead, W.E., Kaplan, B.H., James, B.H., Wagner, E.H., Schoenbach, V.J., Grimson, R., Heydon, S., Gehlbach, S.H., The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health (1983) American Journal of Epidemiology, 117 (5), pp. 521-537; Bromberger, J.T., Matthews, K.A., Employment status and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: A longitudinal investigation (1994) American Journal of Public Health, 84 (2), pp. 202-206; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1978) Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , London: Tavistock; Brown, G.W., Andrews, B., Harris, T., Adler, Z., Bridge, L., Social support, self esteem and depression (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 813-831; Brugha, T.S., Bebbington, P.E., MacCarthy, B., Sturt, E., Wykes, T., Potter, J., Gender, social support and recovery from depressive disorders: A prospective clinical study (1990) Psychological Medicine, 20, pp. 147-156; Burke, R.J., Weir, T., Duwors, R.E., Type A behaviour of administrators and wives' reports of material satisfaction and well being (1979) Journal of Applied Psychology, 64 (1), pp. 57-65; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Finch, J., Kinship and friendship (1989) British Social Attitudes: Special International Report, pp. 87-103. , R. Jowell, S. Witherspoon, & L. Brook. Aldershot: Gower Publishing; Fischer, C.S., (1982) To Dwell among Friends, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Fitzpatrick, R., Newman, S., Lamb, R., Shipley, M., Social relationships and psychological well-being in rheumatoid arthritis (1988) Social Science & Medicine, 27 (4), pp. 399-403; Fitzpatrick, R., Newman, S., Archer, R., Shipley, M., Social support disability and depression: A longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 33 (5), pp. 605-611; Fuhrer, R., Stansfeld, S.A., Hudry-Chemali, J., Shipley, M.J., Gender, social relations and mental health: Prospective findings from an occupational cohort (Whitehall II Study) (1999) Social Science & Medicine, 48 (1), pp. 77-87; Fuller, S.S., Larson, S.B., Life events, emotional support, and health of older people (1980) Research in Nursing and Health, 3, pp. 81-89; Fusilier, M.R., Ganster, D.C., Mayes, B.T., The social support and health relationship - Is there a gender difference (1986) Journal of Occupational Psychology, 59, pp. 145-153; Hoffman, S., Hatch, M.C., Stress, social support and pregnancy outcome: A reassessment based on recent research (1996) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 10, pp. 380-405; House, J.S., (1981) Work Stress and Social Support, , Reading, MA: Addison Wesley; House, J.S., Robbins, C., Metzner, H., The association of social relationships and activities with mortality: Prospective evidence from the Tecumseh Community health study (1982) American Journal of Epidemiology, 116, pp. 123-140; Kaplan, R.M., Hartwell, S.L., Differential effects of social support and social network on physiological and social outcomes in men and women with type II diabetes mellitus (1987) Health Psychology, 6 (5), pp. 387-398; Kaplan, B.H., Cassel, J.C., Gore, S., Social support and health (1977) Medical Care, 15, pp. 47-58; Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Cohen, R.D., Brand, R.J., Syme, S.L., Puska, P., Social connections and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease: Prospective evidence from eastern Finland (1988) American Journal of Epidemiology, 128 (2), pp. 370-380; Kawachi, I., Colditz, G.A., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E.B., Giovannucci, E., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C., A prospective study of social networks in relation to total mortality and cardiovascular disease in men in the USA (1996) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50, pp. 245-251; Kearns, R., Neuwelt, P.M., Hitchman, B., Lennan, M., Social support and psychological distress before and after childbirth (1997) Health and Social Care in the Community, 5 (5), pp. 296-308; Leavy, R., Social support and psychological disorder: A review (1983) Journal of Community Psychology, 11, pp. 3-21; Lekander, M., Fuerst, C.J., Rotstein, S., Blomgren, H., Fredrikson, M., Social support and immune status during and after chemotherapy for breast cancer (1996) Acta Oncologica, 35 (1), pp. 31-37; Lundberg, O., Causal explanations for class inequality in health - an empirical analysis (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32 (4), pp. 385-393; MacIntyre, S., Hunt, K., Socio-economic position, gender and health (1997) Journal of Health Psychology, 2 (3), pp. 315-334; Matthews, S., Hertzman, C., Ostry, A., Power, C., Gender, work roles and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health (1998) Social Science & Medicine, 46 (11), pp. 1417-1424; Miller, P.M., Ingham, J.G., Friends, confidants and symptoms (1976) Social Psychiatry, 11, pp. 51-58; Norbeck, J.S., Peterson Tilden, V., Life stress, social support, and emotional disequilibrium in complications of pregnancy: A prospective, multivariate study (1983) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, pp. 30-46; Oakley, A., Hickey, D., Rigby, A.S., Love or money? Social support, class inequality and the health of women and children (1994) European Journal of Public Health, 4, pp. 265-273; Oakley, A., Rigby, A.S., Hickey, D., Life stress, support and class inequality: Explaining the health of women and children (1994) European Journal of Public Health, 4, pp. 81-91; Orth-Gomer, K., Johnson, J.V., Social network interaction and mortality (1987) Journal of Chronic Disease, 40 (10), pp. 949-957; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; Rael, E.G.S., Stansfeld, S.A., Shipley, M., Head, J., Feeney, A., Marmot, M., Sickness absence in the Whitehall II study, London: The role of social support and material problems (1995) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 49, pp. 474-481; Roberts, H., Pearson, J.C.G., Madeley, R.J., Hanford, S., Magowan, R., Unemployment and health: The quality of social support among residents in the Trent region of England (1997) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 51, pp. 41-45; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 35 (7), pp. 1289-1308; Rogers, M.M., Peoples-Sheps, M.D., Suchindran, C., Impact of a social support program on teenage prenatal care use and pregnancy outcomes (1996) Journal of Adolescent Health, 19, pp. 132-140; Sarason, B.R., Sarason, I.G., Pierce, G.R., Traditional views of social support and their impact on assessment (1990) Social Support: An Interactional View, pp. 9-25. , B.R. Sarason, I.G. Sarason, & G.R. Pierce. New York: John Wiley and Sons; Schaefer, C., Coyne, J.C., Lazarus, R.S., The health-related functions of social support (1981) Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 4 (4), pp. 381-406; Schoenbach, V.J., Kaplan, B.H., Fredman, L., Kleinbaum, D.G., Social ties and mortality in Evans county Georgia (1986) American Journal of Epidemiology, 123 (4), pp. 577-591; Seeman, M., Seeman, T., Sayles, M., Social networks and health status: A longitudinal analysis (1985) Social Psychology Quarterly, 48 (3), pp. 237-248; Shye, D., Mullooly, J.P., Freeborn, D.K., Pope, C.R., Gender differences in the relationship between social network support and mortality: A longitudinal study of an elderly cohort (1995) Social Science & Medicine, 41 (7), pp. 935-947; Stansfeld, S., Marmot, M., Deriving a survey measure of social support: The reliability and validity of the close persons questionnaire (1992) Social Science & Medicine, 35 (8), pp. 1027-1035; Stansfeld, S.A., Fuhrer, R., Shipley, M., Types of social support as predictors of psychiatric morbidity in a cohort of British civil servants (Whitehall II Study) (1998) Psychological Medicine, 28, pp. 881-892; Stansfeld, S.A., Rael, E.G.S., Head, J., Shipley, M., Marmot, M., Social support and psychiatric sickness absence: A prospective study of British civil servants (1998) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 35-48; Stephens, C., Long, N., The impact of trauma and social support on post traumatic stress disorder: A study of New Zealand police officers (1997) Journal of Criminal Justice, 25 (4), pp. 303-314; Thoits, P., Conceptual, methodological and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress (1982) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 23, pp. 145-159; Tiller, J.M., Sloane, G., Schmidt, U., Troop, N., Power, M., Treasure, J.L., Social support in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (1997) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21 (1), pp. 31-38; Turner, R.J., Marino, F., Social support and social structure: A descriptive epidemiology (1994) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35 (3), pp. 193-212; Turner, R.J., Grindstaff, C.F., Phillips, N., Social support and outcome in teenage pregnancy (1990) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, pp. 43-57; Vanfossen, B.E., Sex differences in the mental health effects of spouse support and equity (1981) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 22 (2), pp. 130-143; Vaux, A., Variations in social support associated with gender, ethnicity and age (1985) Journal of Social Issues, 41 (1), pp. 89-110; Welin, L., Svardsudd, K., Ander-Peciva, S., Tibblin, G., Tibblin, B., Larsson, B., Wilhelmsen, L., Prospective study of social influences on mortality (1985) Lancet, 20, pp. 915-918; Wellman, B., Applying network analyses to the study of support (1981) Social Networks and Social Support, pp. 171-200. , B.H. Gottlieb. Beverley Hills: Sage UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033002211&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2899%2900122-7&partnerID=40&md5=dda151fd69038d0a10e23a4ceeedf6e8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of nativity and race on 'stroke belt' mortality T2 - Hypertension J2 - Hypertension VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 57 EP - 62 PY - 1999 SN - 0194911X (ISSN) AU - Lackland, D.T. AU - Egan, B.M. AU - Jones, P.J. AD - Dept. of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States AD - Depts. of Pharmacology and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States AD - Pub. Hlth. Stat. and Info. Systems, S. Carolina Dept. Hlth. Environ. C., Columbia, SC, United States AD - Dept. of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States AB - The southeastern region of the United States has been recognized for 6 decades as an area of excess cerebrovascular mortality rates. While the reasons for the disease variation remain an enigma, South Carolina has consistently been the forerunner of the 'Stroke Belt.' To determine the effects of nativity (birthplace) on stroke mortality rates in South Carolina, proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated for stroke deaths in South Carolina during 1980-1996 according to birthplace and stratified by gender, race, age, and educational status. The analyses revealed a graded risk of stroke by birthplace, with the highest PMRs (95% CI) among individuals born in South Carolina (104.8 [103.4 to 106.3]), intermediate PMRs in those born in the Southeast other than South Carolina (92.5 [90.2 to 94.9]), and lowest PMRs for those born outside the Southeast (77.4 [74.9 to 80.1]). The lower stroke PMRs for individuals born outside the Southeast were more striking in blacks (51.8 [45.2 to 59.3]) than in whites (84.9 [82.0 to 88.0]) and for men (73.3 [69.5 to 77.3]) than women (83.5 [79.9 to 87.3]). The findings, particularly in blacks, were not explainable by gender, differences in age, and/or markers of educational and socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that nativity is a significant risk marker for the geographic variation in stroke mortality. Moreover, the regional disparities for nativity and subsequent stroke mortality appear to be greater in blacks than in whites and for men than for women. An understanding of factors linking birthplace to risk for cerebrovascular mortality could facilitate efforts directed at stroke prevention. KW - Epidemiology KW - Nativity KW - Proportional mortality ratios KW - Race KW - Stroke KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - education KW - female KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - priority journal KW - race difference KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - stroke KW - United States KW - African Americans KW - Age Distribution KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Education KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Social Class KW - South Carolina KW - Southeastern United States N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HPRTD C2 - 10406824 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lackland, D.T.; Dept. of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; email: LACKLAND@MUSC.EDU N1 - References: Roccella, E.J., Lenfant, C., Regional and racial differences among stroke victims in the United States (1989) Clin Cardiol., 12 (4 SUPPL.), pp. IV18-IV22; Perry, H.M., Gillespie, K.N., Romeis, J.C., Smith, M.M., Virgo, K.S., Carmody, S.E., Sambhi, M.P., Effects of "stroke belt" residence, screening blood pressure and personal history risk factors on all-cause mortality among hypertensive veterans (1994) J Hypertens., 12, pp. 315-321; Lackland, D.T., Moore, M.A., Hypertension-related mortality and morbidity in the Southeast (1997) South Med J., 90, pp. 191-198; Perry, H.M., Roccella, E.J., Conference report on stroke mortality in the southeastern United States (1998) Hypertension, 31, pp. 1206-1215; Cooper, R.S., Health and the social status of blacks in the United States (1993) Ann Epidemiol., 3, pp. 137-144; Lackland, D.T., Keil, J.E., Epidemiology of hypertension in African-Americans (1996) Semin Nephrol., 16, pp. 63-70; Fang, J., Madhavan, S., Alderman, M.H., The association between birthplace and mortality from cardiovascular causes among black and white residents of New York City (1996) N Engl J Med., 335, pp. 1545-1551; Kelsey, J.L., Wittemore, A.S., Evans, H.S., Thompson, W.D., (1996) Methods in Observational Epidemiology, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Hennekens, C.H., Buring, J.F., (1987) Epidemiology in Medicine, , Mayrent SL, ed. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown & Co; Koopman, P.A.R., Confidence intervals for the ratio of two binomial proportions (1984) Biometrics, 40, pp. 513-517; Fang, J., Madhavan, S., Alderman, M.H., Nativity, race and mortality: Influence of region of birth on mortality of us-born residents of New York City (1997) Hum Biol., 69, pp. 533-544; Peters, K.D., Kochanek, K.D., Murphy, S.L., Deaths: Final data for 1996 (1998) Natl Vital Stat Rep., 47, pp. 1-100; Liu, K., Cedres, L.B., Stamler, J., Dyer, A., Stamler, R., Nanas, S., Berkson, D.M., Garside, D., Relationship of education to major risk factors and death from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes (1982) Circulation, 66, pp. 1308-1318; Brancati, F.L., Whelton, P.K., Kuller, L.H., Flag, M.J., Diabetes mellitus, race, and socioeconomic status: A population-based study (1996) Ann Epidemiol., 6, pp. 67-73; Brancati, F.L., Whittle, J.C., Whelton, P.K., Seidler, A.J., Flag, M.J., The excess incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease among blacks: A population-based study of potential explanatory factors (1992) JAMA, 268, pp. 3079-3084; Dyer, A.R., Stamler, J., Shekelle, R.B., Schoenberger, J., The relationship of education to blood pressure: Findings on 40,000 employed Chicagoans (1976) Circulation, 54, pp. 987-992; Race, education and prevalence of hypertension (1977) Am J Epidemiol., 106, pp. 351-361; Howard, G., Russell, G.B., Anderson, R., Evans, G.W., Morgan, T., Howard, V.J., Burke, G.L., Role of social class in excess stroke mortality (1995) Stroke, 26, pp. 1759-1763; Howard, G., Anderson, R., Johnson, N.J., Sorlie, P., Russell, G., Howard, V.J., Evaluation of social status as a contributing factor to the stroke belt region of the United States (1997) Stroke, 28, pp. 236-240; Figlio, D.N., Teacher salaries and teacher quality (1997) Econ Lett., 55, pp. 267-271; McNiece, R., Jolliffe, F., An investigation into regional differences in educational performance in the national development study (1998) Educ Res., 40, pp. 17-30; Caldas, S.J., Bankston, C., Effect of school population socioeconomic status on individual academic achievement (1997) J Educ Res., 90, pp. 269-277; Lackland, D.T., Bachman, D.L., Carter, T.D., Barker, D.L., Timms, S., Kohl, A., The geographic variation in stroke incidence in two areas of the Southeastern Stroke Belt: The Anderson and Pee Dee stroke study (1998) Stroke, 29, pp. 2061-2068; Lenfant, C., Roccella, E.J., Preventing strokes: Considerations for developing health policy (1994) Health Rep., 6, pp. 216-223; Burt, V.L., Cutler, J.A., Higgins, M., Horan, M.J., Labarthe, D., Whelton, P., Brown, C., Roccella, E.J., Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult US population: Data from the health examination surveys, 1960 to 1991 (1995) Hypertension, 26, pp. 60-69; Whelton, P.K., Klag, M.J., Epidemiological considerations in the treatment of hypertension (1986) Drugs, 31 (4 SUPPL.), pp. 8-22; Gillman, M.W., Cupples, L.A., Gagnon, D., Posner, B.M., Ellison, R.C., Castelli, W.P., Wolf, P.A., Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on development of stroke in men (1995) JAMA, 273, pp. 1113-1117; Washburn, R.A., Kline, G., Lackland, D.T., Wheeler, F.C., Leisure time physical activity: Are there black/white differences? (1992) Prev Med., 21, pp. 127-135; Siegel, P.Z., Frazier, E.L., Mariolis, P., Brackbill, R.M., Smith, C., Behavioral risk factor surveillance, 1991: Monitoring progress toward the nation's year 2000 health objectives (1993) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 42 (4 SS), pp. 1-17; Lackland, D.T., Wheeler, F.C., The need for accurate nutrition survey methodology: The South Carolina experience (1990) J Nutr., 120, pp. 1433-1436; Littlefield, D.C., (1991) Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina, , Chicago: University of Illinois Press; Blaustein, M.P., Grim, C.E., The pathogenesis of hypertension: Black-white differences (1991) Cardiovasc Clin., 21, pp. 97-114; Wilson, T.W., Grim, C.E., Biohistory of slavery and blood pressure differences in blacks today: A hypothesis (1991) Hypertension, 17 (1 SUPPL.), pp. I122-I128; Phipps, K., Barker, D.J.P., Hales, C.N., Fall, C.H.D., Osmond, C., Clark, P.M.S., Fetal growth and impaired glucose tolerance in men and women (1993) Diabetologia, 36, pp. 225-228; Fall, C.H.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M., Hales, L.N., Stirling, Y., Meade, T.W., Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 428-432; Lopes, A.A.S., Port, F.K., The low birthweight hypothesis as a plausible explanation for the black/white difference in hypertension, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and end-stage renal disease (1995) Am J Kidney Dis., 25, pp. 350-356; Ventura, S.J., Martin, J.A., Curtin, S.L., Matthews, T.J., Report of final nativity statistics. 1995 (1997) Monthly Vital Stat Rep., 45, pp. 1-84; (1996) South Carolina Vital and Morbidity Statistics, 1994, , Columbia: South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032769524&partnerID=40&md5=4f02807fb999bd2d94f627681bc30b86 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asian ethnic origin and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease T2 - European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology J2 - Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 543 EP - 546 PY - 1999 SN - 0954691X (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Morris, D.L. AU - Pounder, R.E. AU - Wakefield, A.J. AD - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AB - Objective. To assess whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is more prevalent in young Asians than Europeans living in Great Britain. Design. Longitudinal birth cohort study of all those born 5-11 April 1970 in Great Britain - the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). Methods. The relationship of a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease by age 26 years with ethnic origin was investigated among 8432 cohort members with complete data using multiple logistic regression. We adjusted for potential confounding factors, household crowding and sex, as well as for a family history of IBD. Results. Young Asians born in Britain were significantly more likely than indigenous Europeans to have a diagnosis of IBD by age 26 years, with relative odds of 6.10 (95% CI 2.14-17.33). This group of cohort members had ethnic origins in India, Pakistan or Bangladesh (although none of those from Bangladesh had IBD). This relationship remained statistically significant after adjustment for the potential confounding factors and family history of IBD. Conclusion. Young Asians who were born in Britain are at a significantly higher risk of developing IBD than the indigenous European population. This may reflect a greater genetic predisposition to IBD that is uncovered by exposure to environmental factors. KW - Asians KW - BCS70 KW - Crohn's disease KW - IBD KW - Prevalence KW - Ulcerative colitis KW - adult KW - article KW - asian KW - cohort analysis KW - Crohn disease KW - crowding KW - data analysis KW - enteritis KW - environmental factor KW - ethnic group KW - family history KW - female KW - genetic predisposition KW - high risk population KW - household KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - risk KW - ulcerative colitis KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Bangladesh KW - Colitis, Ulcerative KW - Crohn Disease KW - Female KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - India KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Pakistan KW - Prevalence N1 - Cited By :62 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJGHE C2 - 10755259 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Department of Medicine, Royal Free Univ. Coll. Medical Sch., Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Probert, C.S.J., Jayanthi, V., Hughes, A.O., Thompson, J.R., Wicks, A.C.B., Mayberry, J.F., Prevalence and family risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease - An epidemiologic study among Europeans and South Asians in Leicestershire (1993) Gut, 34, pp. 1547-1551; Probert, C.S.J., Jayanthi, V., Pinder, D., Wicks, A.C., Mayberry, J.F., Epidemiologic study of ulcerative proctocolitis in Indian migrants and the indigenous population of Leicestershire (1992) Gut, 33, pp. 687-693; Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 472-473; Montgomery, S.M., Bjornsson, S., Johansson, J.H., Thjodleifsson, B., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality rates and Crohn's disease (1997) Gut, 41, pp. A175; Montgomery, S.M., Morris, D.L., Thompson, N.P., Subhani, J., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in British 26-year-olds: National longitudinal birth cohort (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1058-1059; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1993) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , London: The City University; Bynner, J.M., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1997) Twenty-something in the 1990s, , Aldershot: Ashgate; Riis, P., Differential diagnosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and other disorders, including diverticular disease (1990) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2nd Edn., pp. 191-198. , Allan RN, Keighley MRB, Alexander-Williams J, Hawkins C, editors. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Norusis, M.J., (1998) SPSS User's Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Children's housing and their health and physical development (1978) Child Health Care Devel, 4, pp. 357-369; Satsangi, J., Welsh, K.I., Bunce, M., Julier, C., Farrant, J.M., Bell, J.I., Contribution of genes of the major histocompatibility complex to susceptibility and disease phenotype in inflammatory bowel disease (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1212-1217; Peeters, M., Nevens, H., Baert, F., Hiele, M., De Meyer, A.-M., Vlietinck, R., Familial aggregation in Crohn's disease: Increased age-adjusted risk and concordance in clinical characteristics (1996) Gastroenterology, 111, pp. 597-603; Breslin, N.P., Todd, A., Kilgallen, C., O'Morain, C., Monozygotic twins with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: A unique case report (1997) Gut, 41, pp. 557-560; Calkins, B.M., Mendeloff, A.I., Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (1986) Epidemiol Rev, 8, pp. 60-91; Wurzelman, J.I., Lyles, C.M., Sandler, R.S., Childhood infections and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (1994) Dig Dis Sci, 39, pp. 555-560; Gilat, T., Hacohen, D., Lilos, P., Langman, M.J.S., Childhood factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (1987) Scand J Gastroenterol, 22, pp. 1009-1024; Subhani, J., Montgomery, S.M., Thompson, N.P., Ebrahim, S., Wakefield, A.J., Pounder, R.E., UK twin registry of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): An update on childhood risk factors (1997) Gut, 41, pp. A36; Shivanada, S., Lennard-Jones, J.E., Logan, R., Fear, N., Price, A., Carpenter, L., Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: Is there a difference between north and south? results of the European collaborative study on inflammatory bowel disease (EC-IBD) (1996) Gut, 39, pp. 690-697 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033030382&partnerID=40&md5=1415fef22c7938736641395f5504568b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of radiation on the longitudinal trends of total serum cholesterol levels in the atomic bomb survivors T2 - Radiation Research J2 - Radiat. Res. VL - 151 IS - 6 SP - 736 EP - 746 PY - 1999 DO - 10.2307/3580213 SN - 00337587 (ISSN) AU - Wong, F.L. AU - Yamada, M. AU - Sasaki, H. AU - Kodama, K. AU - Hosoda, Y. AD - Department of Statistics, Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732, Japan AD - Department of Consultant, Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732, Japan AB - The effects of radiation on the long-term trends of the total serum cholesterol levels of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors were examined using data collected in the Adult Health Study over a 28-year period (1958-1986). The growth-curve method was used to model the longitudinal age- dependent changes in cholesterol levels. For each sex, temporal trends of cholesterol levels were characterized with respect to age, body mass index, city and birth year. We then examined whether the temporal trends differed by radiation dose. We showed that the mean growth curve of cholesterol levels for the irradiated subjects were significantly higher than that for the unirradiated subjects, and that the increase was greater for women than for men. No difference in dose response was detected between Hiroshima and Nagasaki. An increased mean level of cholesterol was evident for irradiated women in general, but a notable increase was apparent in males only for the youngest birth cohort of 1935-1945. The difference in the mean cholesterol levels between the irradiated and unirradiated subjects diminished past 70 years of age. It is not known whether this is due to natural progression or is an artifact of nonrandom variation in the rate of participation in the examinations. The maximum predicted increase at 1 Gy for women occurred at age 52 years for the 1930 cohort: 2.5 mg/dl (95% CI 1.6-3.3 mg/dl) for Hiroshima and 2.3 mg/dl (95% CI 1.5-3.1 mg/dl) for Nagasaki. The corresponding increase for men occurred at age 29 years for the 1940 cohort: 1.6 mg/dl (95% CI 0.4-2.8) for Hiroshima and 1.4 mg/dl (95% CI 0.3-2.6) for Nagasaki. Controlling for cigarette smoking did not alter the dose-response relationship. Although the difference in the mean growth curves of the irradiated and unirradiated groups was statistically significant, there was a considerable overlap in the individual growth curves of the two groups. The significant sex difference and the greater magnitude of radiation effects in women suggest that hormonal changes resulting from radiation exposure, such as accelerated menopause, is an area worth investigating to delineate the mechanisms underlying the increased cholesterol levels of the irradiated female subjects. This increase may also partially explain the increased rate of coronary heart disease seen in the atomic bomb survivors. KW - cholesterol KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - atomic bomb KW - atomic warfare KW - body mass KW - cholesterol blood level KW - cigarette smoking KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - lipid blood level KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - radiation exposure KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cholesterol KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: RAREA C2 - 10360794 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Res. Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732, Japan N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Cholesterol, 57-88-5 N1 - References: Yamada, M., Wong, F.L., Kodama, K., Sasaki, H., Shimaoka, K., Yamakido, M., Longitudinal trends in total serum cholesterol levels in a Japanese cohort, 1958-1986 (1997) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 50, pp. 425-434; Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (1988) Arch. Intern. Med., 148, pp. 36-69; Gotto, A.M., LaRosa, J.C., Hunninghake, D., Grundy, S.M., Wilson, P.W., Clarkson, T.B., Hay, J.W., Goodman, D.S., The cholesterol facts. A summary of the evidence relating dietary fats, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease (1990) Circulation, 81, pp. 1721-1733; Iso, H., Jacobs D.R., Jr., Wentworth, D., Neaton, J.D., Cohen, J.D., Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial (1989) N. Engl. J. Med., 320, pp. 904-910; Experience of an International Collaborative Group: Circulating cholesterol level and risk of death from cancer in men aged 40 to 69 years (1982) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 248, pp. 2853-2859; Sherwin, R.W., Wentworth, D.N., Cutler, J.A., Hulley, S.B., Kuller, L.H., Stamler, J., Serum cholesterol levels and cancer mortality in 361,662 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial (1987) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 257, pp. 943-948; D'Agostino, R.B., Belanger, A.J., Kannel, W.B., Higgins, M., Role of smoking in the U-shaped relation of cholesterol to mortality in men. The Framingham Study (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol., 141, pp. 822-827; Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., Schull, W.J., Hoel, D.G., Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 9. Mortality, 1950-1985: Part 3. Noncancer mortality based on the revised doses (DS86) (1992) Radiat. Res., 130, pp. 249-266; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Akiba, S., Shimaoka, K., Hosoda, Y., Noncancer disease incidence in the A-bomb survivors: 1958-1986 (1993) Radiat. Res., 135, pp. 418-430; Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., Schull, W.J., Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. Report 9. Mortality, 1950-1985: Part 2. Cancer mortality based on the recently revised dose (DS86) (1990) Radiat. Res., 121, pp. 120-141; Thompson, D.E., Mabuchi, K., Ron, E., Soda, M., Tokunaga, M., Ochikubo, S., Sugimoto, S., Preston, D.L., Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958-1987 (1994) Radiat. Res., 137 (SUPPL.), pp. S17-S67; Hollingsworth, S.W., Beebe, G.W., (1960) ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study: Provisional Research Plan, , TR 9-60, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima; Pierce, D.A., Shimizu, Y., Preston, D.L., Vaeth, M., Mabuchi, K., Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. Report 12, Part 1. Cancer: 1950-1990 (1996) Radiat. Res., 146, pp. 1-27; Pierce, D.A., Stram, D.O., Vaeth, M., Allowing for random errors in radiation exposure estimates for the atomic bomb survivor data (1990) Radiat. Res, 123, pp. 275-284; Sposto, R., Stram, D.O., Awa, A., An investigation of random errors in the DS86 dosimetry using data on chromosome aberrations and severe epilation (1991) Radiat. Res., 128, pp. 157-169; Neriishi, K., Wong, F.L., Nakashima, E., Otake, M., Kodama, K., Choshi, K., The relationship between cataract and epilation in atomic bomb survivors (1995) Radiat. Res., 144, pp. 107-113; Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H., Random-effects models for longitudinal data (1982) Biometrics, 38, pp. 963-974; Cook, N., (1982) A FORTRAN Program for Random-effects Models, , Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; (1990) Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V), , National Academy Press, Washington, DC; Vonesh, E.F., Chinchilli, V.M., Pu, K., Goodness-of-fit in generalized nonlinear mixed-effects models (1996) Biometrics, 52, pp. 572-587; Sawada, H., Kodama, K., Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., (1986) Adult Health Study Report 6, Results of Six Examination Cycles, 1968-80, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , TR 3-86, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima; Berns, M.A.M., De Vries, J.H.M., Katan, M.B., Determinants of the increase of serum cholesterol with age: A longitudinal study (1988) Int. J. Epidemiol., 17, pp. 789-795; Wilson, P.W.F., Garrison, R.J., Abbott, R.D., Castelli, W.P., Factors associated with lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham Study (1983) Arteriosclerosis, 3, pp. 273-281; Shekelle, R.B., Shryock, A.M., Paul, O., Lepper, M., Stamler, J., Liu, S., Raynor, W.J., Diet, serum cholesterol and death from coronary heart disease: The Western Electric Study (1981) N. Engl. J. Med., 304, pp. 65-70; Montoye, H.J., Block, W.D., Metzner, H.L., Keller, J.B., Habitual physical activity and serum lipids: Males, age 16-64 in a total community (1976) J. Chronic Dis., 29, pp. 697-709; Akahoshi, M., Soda, M., Nakashima, E., Shimaoka, K., Seto, S., Yano, K., Effects of menopause on trends of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 61-66; Grundy, S.M., Denke, M.A., Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins (1990) J. Lipid Res., 31, pp. 1149-1172; Garry, P.J., Hunt, W.C., Koehler, K.M., VanderJagt, D.J., Vellas, B.J., Longitudinal study of dietary intakes and plasma lipids in healthy elderly men and women (1992) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 55, pp. 682-688; Anderson, K.M., Wilson, P.W.F., Garrison, R.J., Castelli, W.P., Longitudinal and secular trends in lipoprotein cholesterol measurements in a general population sample. The Framingham offspring study (1987) Atherosclerosis, 68, pp. 59-66; Wilson, P.W., Anderson, K.M., Harris, T., Kannel, W.B., Castelli, W.P., Determinants of change in total cholesterol and HDL-C with age: The Framingham Study (1994) J. Gerontol., 49, pp. M252-M257; Dwyer, J.H., Rieger-Ndakorerwa, G.E., Semmer, N.K., Fuchs, R., Lippert, P., Low-level cigarette smoking and longitudinal change in serum cholesterol among adolescents. The Berlin-Bremen Study (1988) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 259, pp. 2857-2862; Freedman, D.S., Srinivasan, S.R., Shear, C.L., Hunter, S.M., Croft, J.B., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Cigarette smoking initiation and longitudinal changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in early adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1985) Am. J. Epidemiol., 124, pp. 207-210; Garrison, R.J., Kannel, W.B., Feinleib, M., Castelli, W.P., McNamara, P.M., Padgett, S.J., Cigarette smoking and HDL cholesterol: The Framingham Offspring Study (1978) Atherosclerosis, 30, pp. 17-25; Jacobson, B.H., Aldana, S.G., Adams, T.B., Quirk, M., The relationship between smoking, cholesterol, and HDL-C levels in adult women (1995) Women Health, 23, pp. 27-38; Tucker, L.A., Use of smokeless tobacco, cigarette smoking, and hypercholesterolemia (1989) Am. J. Pub. Health, 79, pp. 1048-1050; Kodama, K., Shimizu, Y., Sawada, H., Kato, H., (1984) Incidence of Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease in the Adult Health Study Sample, 1958-78, , TR 22-84, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima; Sedlakova, A., Ahlers, I., Praslicka, M., Changes in lipoprotein lipase activity in the adipose tissue, heart and liver of continuously irradiated rats (1980) Physiol. Bohemoslov, 29, pp. 535-542; Rizvi, R.Y., John, S.K., Ali, R., Changes in cholesterol and phospholipids level of albino rats following whole body gamma irradiation with sublethal doses (1984) J. Radiat. Res., 25, pp. 85-90; Akhunov, A.A., Effect of chronic gamma irradiation on the protein composition and cholesterol content in the dog blood (1981) Kosmicheskaia Biologiia, 15, pp. 48-50; Sedlakova, A., Ahlers, I., Ahlersova, E., Malatova, Z., Paulikova, E., Praslicka, M., The dynamics of changes in serum lipids during continuous irradiation of rats (1977) Folia Biol., 23, pp. 291-298; Stepanov, S.A., A change of lipid metabolism in rats with a pronounced intestinal form of radiation sickness after local irradiation of abdomen: Content of total lipids and their fraction in blood serum and tissues (1989) Radiobiologiya, 29, pp. 179-182; Kolomiitseva, I.K., Kaznacheev, Y.S., Kuzin, A.M., Post-radiation regeneration of liver biomembranes of γ-irradiated animals (1978) Dokl. Acad. Nauk. SSSR, 243, pp. 1575-1578; Arkhipova, G.V., Burlakova, E.B., Role of changes in the lipid composition in irradiated mice treated with radio-protectors (1974) Radiobiologiya, 14, pp. 828-832; Chaialo, P.P., Chobotko, G.M., Shimelis, I.V., Prevarskii, V.P., The content of lipids in the blood and characteristic of dyslipoproteinaemias in persons exposed to ionizing radiation during the Chernobyl accident (1991) Ukr. Biokhim. Zhurn., 63, pp. 93-96; Mishchenko, V.P., Gritsai, N.N., Litvin, A.A., Sokolenko, V.N., Tserbrzhinskii, O.I., Kutsenko, L.A., Narizhniuk, N.D., Solntseva, I.A., Human physiological blood protection systems in the late periods after ionizing radiation exposure related to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power station (1993) Gematol. I Transfuziol., 38, pp. 30-33; Tekkel, M., Rahu, M., Veidebaum, T., Hakulinen, T., Auvinen, A., Rytomaa, T., Inskip, P.D., Boice, J.D., The Estonian study of Chernobyl cleanup workers: I. Design and questionnaire data (1997) Radiat. Res., 147, pp. 641-652; (1988) Sources, Effects, and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, , 1988 Report to the General Assembly, with Annexes. United Nations, New York; Ito, C., Hasegawa, K., Kato, M., Kumazawa, T., Clinical investigation of proximately exposed group. A study of the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus (1984) J. Nagasaki Med. Assoc., 59, pp. 349-355. , in Japanese; Metcalf, M.G., Donald, R.A., Livesey, J.H., Pituitary-ovarian function in normal women during the menopausal transition (1981) Clin. Endocrinol., 14, pp. 245-255; Jensen, J., Nilas, L., Christiansen, C., Influence of menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins (1990) Maturitas, 12, pp. 321-331; Gaspard, U.J., Gottal, J., Van Den Brule, F.A., Postmenopausal changes of lipid and glucose metabolism: A review of their main aspects (1995) Maturitas, 21, pp. 171-178; Mathews, K.A., Meilahn, E., Kuller, L.H., Kelsey, S.F., Caggiula, A.W., Wing, R.R., Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease (1989) N. Engl. J. Med., 321, pp. 641-646; Lushbaugh, C.C., Casarett, G.W., The effects of gonadal irradiation in clinical radiation therapy: A review (1976) Cancer, 37, pp. 1111-1120; Ash, P., The influence of radiation on fertility in man (1980) Br. J. Radiol., 53, pp. 271-278; Chambers, S.K., Chambers, J.T., Kier, R., Peschel, R.E., Sequelae of lateral ovarian transposition in irradiated cervical cancer patients (1991) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 20, pp. 1305-1308; Wallace, W.H.B., Shalet, S.M., Crowne, E.C., Morris-Jones, P.H., Gattamaneni, H.R., Ovarian failure following abdominal irradiation in childhood: Natural history and prognosis (1989) Clin. Oncol., 1, pp. 75-79; Byrne, J., Fears, T.R., Gail, M.H., Pee, D., Connelly, R.R., Austin, D.F., Holmes, G.F., Mulvihill, J.J., Early menopause in long-term survivors of cancer during adolescence (1992) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 166, pp. 788-793; Damewood, M.D., Grochow, L.B., Prospects for fertility after chemotherapy or radiation for neoplastic disease (1986) Fertil. Steril., 45, pp. 443-459; Sawada, H., (1959) Sexual Function in Female Atomic Bomb Survivors 1949-57 Hiroshima, , TR 34-59, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima; Manson, J.E., Tosterson, H., Ridker, P.M., Satterfield, S., Hebert, P., Buring, J.E., Hennekens, C.H., The primary prevention of myocardial infarction (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 326, pp. 1406-1416; Szatrowski, T.P., Peterson, A.V., Shimizu, Y., Prentice, R.L., Mason, M.W., Fukunaga, Y., Kato, H., Serum cholesterol, other risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in a Japanese cohort (1984) J. Chron. Dis., 37, pp. 569-584; Barlow, W.E., Kodama, K., Kato, H., (1984) Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction and Angina Pectoris in a Japanese Cohort, 1958-78, , TR 8-84, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima; Kodama, K., Sasaki, H., Shimizu, Y., Trend of coronary heart disease and its relationship to risk factors in a Japanese population: A 26-year follow-up, Hiroshima/Nagasaki study (1990) Jpn. Circ. J., 54, pp. 414-421; Chen, Z., Peto, R., Collins, R., MacMahon, S., Lu, J., Li, W., Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations (1991) Br. Med. J., 303, pp. 276-282 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032977489&doi=10.2307%2f3580213&partnerID=40&md5=784009e248d11fa319743c91eb8fe002 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Routes of success: Influences on the occupational attainment of young British males T2 - British Journal of Sociology J2 - Brit. J. Sociol. VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 217 EP - 249 PY - 1999 SN - 00071315 (ISSN) AU - Bond, R. AU - Saunders, P. AB - Using data from the National Child Development Study, the paper develops a complex path model predicting the occupational grade achieved by 4,298 employed British males at age 33. Most British social mobility research has been based in the 'class structurationist' tradition, and the paper begins by comparing this with the 'status attainment' tradition, which is more common in the USA. The class structurationist approach has rarely analysed the factors influencing individual occupational attainment, and those working in this tradition in Britain have often assumed that people from working-class origins fare worse on average than those from the middle class because of factors associated with their class disadvantage rather than any difference in individual characteristics such as ability or ambition. Status attainment research, however, has generally found that individual ability and motivation are the key factors influencing occupational attainment, and that class origins count for comparatively little. Using various measures of class origins, parental support, qualifications, and individual ability and ambition, the paper goes on to develop a linear structural equations model which achieves a good fit to the data. The model demonstrates that individual ability is by far the strongest influence on occupational achievement, that motivation is also important, and that factors like class background and parental support, while significant, are relatively much weaker. The paper concludes that occupational selection in Britain appears to take place largely on meritocratic principles. KW - Britain KW - IQ KW - Meritocracy KW - Social class KW - Social mobility KW - Status attainment KW - adult KW - article KW - career mobility KW - human KW - intelligence KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - social class KW - sociology KW - statistical model KW - theoretical model KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Career Mobility KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Linear Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Social Class KW - Social Mobility KW - Sociology N1 - Cited By :57 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15260024 LA - English N1 - References: Abraham, J., (1995) Divide and School, , London: Falmer Press; Anderson, J., Gerbing, D., Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach (1988) Psychological Bulletin, 103, pp. 411-423; Bernstein, B., A socio-linguistic approach to social learning (1965) Penguin Survey of the Social Sciences, , J. Gould (ed.) Harmondsworth, Penguin; Bielby, W., Models of status attainment (1981) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 1. , D. Treiman and R. Roninson (eds) Greenwich, Conn.: Jai Press; Blau, P., Duncan, O., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: Wiley; Bollen, K., (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Variables, , New York: Wiley; Bourdieu, P., The school as a conservative force (1974) Contemporary Research in the Sociology of Education, , J. Eggleston (ed.) London: Methuen; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J., (1997) Class Inequality and Meritocracy, , Unpublished paper; Browne, M., Asymptotically distribution-free methods for the analysis of covariance structures (1984) British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 37, pp. 62-83; Buckingham, A., Is there an underclass in Britain? (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50 (1), pp. 49-75; Cohen, J., (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd. Ed.), , Hillsdale, NJ: Erbaum; Coser, L., Two methods in search of a substance (1975) American Sociological Review, 40, pp. 691-700; Douglas, J., Ross, J., Simpson, H., (1968) All Our Future, , London: Peter Davies Ltd; Fox, J., Effect analysis in structural-equation models II: Calculation of specific indirect effects (1985) Sociological Methods and Research, 14, pp. 81-95; Goldthorpe, J., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Greene, V.L., An algorithm for total and indirect causal effects (1977) Political Methodology, 44, pp. 369-381; Halsey, A., Heath, A., Ridge, J., (1980) Origins and Destinations, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Hayduk, L.A., (1987) Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL: Essentials and Advances, , Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press; Heise, D.R., Separating reliability and stability in test-retest correlation (1969) American Sociological Review, 34, pp. 93-101; Herting, J.R., Costner, H.L., Respecification in multiple indicator models (1985) Causal Models in the Social Sciences (2nd. Ed), , H.M. Blalock (ed.) New York: Aldine; Hope, K., (1984) As Others See Us: Schooling and Social Mobility in Scotland and the United States, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Horan, P., Is status attainment research atheoretical? (1978) American Sociological Review, 43, pp. 534-541; Hu, L.-T., Bender, M., Kano, Y., Can test statistics in covariance structure analysis be trusted? (1992) Psychological Bulletin, 112, pp. 351-362; Ishida, I., (1993) Social Mobility in Contemporary Japan, , Basingstoke: Macmillan; Jencks, C., (1972) Inequality, , New York: Basic Books; Joreskog, K.G., Testing structural equation models (1993) Testing Structural Equation Models, , K.A. Bollen and J.S. Long (eds) Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Joreskog, K.G., Sorbom, D., (1989) LISREL 7: A Guide to the Program and Applications (2nd. Ed.), , Chicago: Scientific Software; Kelley, J., The failure of a paradigm: Log-linear models of social mobility (1990) John H. Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , J. Clark, C. Modgil and S. Modgil (eds) London: Falmer Press; Kerckhoff, A., Stratification processes and outcomes in England and the U.S. (1974) American Sociological Review, 39, pp. 789-801; (1990) Getting Started: Transition to Adulthood in Great Britain, , Oxford: Westview Press; Marshall, G., Newby, H., Rose, D., Vogler, C., (1988) Social Class in Modern Britain, , London: Hutchinson; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Merit and mobility (1996) Sociology, 30, pp. 375-386; Mayhew, K., Rosewell, B., Occupational mobility in Britain (1981) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 43, pp. 225-247; Payne, G., (1987) Mobility and Change in Modern Society, , Basingstoke: Macmillan; Prandy, K., Bottero, W., (1995) The Social Analysis of Stratification and Mobility, , Working Paper 18, Sociological Research Group, University of Cambridge; Psacharopoulos, G., Family background, education and achievement (1977) British Journal of Sociology, 28, pp. 321-335; Saunders, P., Social mobility in Britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing explanations (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 261-288; Savage, M., Egerton, M., Social mobility, individual ability and the inheritance of class inequality (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 645-672; Scase, R., (1992) Class, , Buckingham, Open University Press; Sewell, W., Haller, A., Portes, A., The educational and early occupational attainment process (1969) American Sociological Review, 34, pp. 82-92; Shepherd, P., Appendix to E. Ferri (ed.) (1993) Life at 33, , London: National Children's Bureau; Stewart, A., Prandy, K., Blackburn, R., (1980) Social Stratification and Occupations, , London: Macmillan; Werts, C.E., Joreskog, K.G., Linn, R.L., Comment on "The estimation of measurement error in panel data" (1971) American Sociological Review, 36, pp. 110-113; Wiley, D.E., Wiley, J.A., The estimation of measurement error in panel data (1970) American Sociological Review, 35, pp. 112-117; Willis, P., (1977) Learning to Labour, , Farnborough: Saxon House; Young, M., (1958) The Rise of the Meritocracy 1870-2033, , London: Thames and Hudson UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0007308640&partnerID=40&md5=faaf3bb6966c0b188f16820f06e53736 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples T2 - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology J2 - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 333 EP - 341 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1007/s001270050153 SN - 09337954 (ISSN) AU - Rodgers, B. AU - Pickles, A. AU - Power, C. AU - Collishaw, S. AU - Maughan, B. AD - NHMRC Psychiat. Epidemiol. Res. Ctr., Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia AD - Sch. of Epidemiol. and Hlth. Science, Ctr. for Census and Survey Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom AD - MRC Child Psychiat. U. Ctr. Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom AD - Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AB - Background: The Malaise Inventory is a commonly used self-completion scale for assessing psychiatric morbidity. There is some evidence that it may represent two separate psychological and somatic subscales rather than a single underlying factor of distress. This paper provides further information on the factor structure of the Inventory and on the reliability and validity of the total scale and two sub-scales. Methods: Two general population samples completed the full Inventory: over 11,000 subjects from the National Child Development Study at ages 23 and 33, and 544 mothers of adolescents included in the Isle of Wight epidemiological surveys. Results: The internal consistency of the full 24-item scale and the 15-item psychological subscale were found to be acceptable, but the eight-item somatic sub-scale was less reliable. Factor analysis of all 24 items identified a first main general factor and a second more purely psychological factor. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the validity of the scale held for men and women separately and for different socio-economic groups, by reference to external criteria covering current or recent psychiatric sub-scale had no greater validity than the full scale. Conclusions: This study did not support the separate scoring of a somatic sub-scale of the Malaise Inventory. Use of the 15-item psychological sub-scale can be justified on the grounds of reduced time and cost for completion, with little loss of reliability or validity, but this approach would not significantly enhance the properties of the Inventory by comparison with the full 24-item scale. Inclusion of somatic items may be more problematic when the full scale is used to compare particular sub-populations with different propensities for physical morbidity, such as different age groups, and in these circumstances it would be a sensible precaution to utilise the 15-item psychological sub-scale. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - factorial analysis KW - female KW - health care cost KW - health care utilization KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - malaise KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health care KW - morbidity KW - psychological aspect KW - rating scale KW - receiver operating characteristic KW - reliability KW - social class KW - Adult KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales KW - Psychometrics KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - ROC Curve N1 - Cited By :140 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPPEE C2 - 10422488 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rodgers, B.; NHMRC Psychiat. Epidemiol. Res. Ctr., The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia N1 - Funding details: 973302, NHMRC, National Health and Medical Research Council N1 - Funding details: DH, Department of Health N1 - Funding text: Acknowledgements Bryan Rodgers was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia through Unit Grant No. 973302. Chris Power is grateful to the Department of Health (England and Wales) for financial support. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily of the funding bodies. The authors are very grateful to Steven Hope for assistance with some statistical analyses. N1 - References: Arminger, G., Wittenberg, J., Scwepers, A., (1996) MECOSA 3 (MEan and COvariance Structure Analysis) User Guide, , Bergische Universität, Wuppertal; Aseltine, R.H., Kessler, R.C., Marital disruption and depression in a community sample (1993) J Health Soc Behav, 34, pp. 237-251; Bebbington, A.C., Quine, L., A comment on Hirst's "evaluating the Malaise inventory" (1987) Soc Psychiatry, 22, pp. 5-7; Brown, G.W., Rutter, M., The measurement of family activities and relationships: A methodological study (1966) Hum Relat, 19, pp. 241-263; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Dohrenwend, B.P., Shrout, P.E., Egri, G., Mendelsohn, F.S., Nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, pp. 1229-1236; Ernst, C., Angst, J., Depression in old age. Is there a real decrease in prevalence? (1995) A Review Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 245, pp. 272-287; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau & City University, London; Finlay-Jones, R.A., Burvill, P.W., The prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity in the community (1977) Psychol Med, 7, pp. 475-489; Gerbing, D.W., Anderson, J.C., Monte Carlo evaluations of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models (1993) Testing Structural Equation Models, pp. 40-65. , Bollen KA, Long JS (eds) Sage, Newbury Park; Glass, J., Fujimoto, T., Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives (1994) J Health Soc Behav, 35, pp. 179-191; Goldberg, D., Williams, P., (1988) A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire, , NFER-Nelson, Windsor; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise inventory (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 25, pp. 170-178; Hanley, J.A., McNeil, B.J., The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (1982) Radiology, 143, pp. 29-36; Hirst, M.A., Evaluating the Malaise inventory: An item analysis (1983) Soc Psychiatry, 18, pp. 181-184; Hirst, M.A., Bradshaw, J.R., Evaluating the Malaise inventory: A comparison of measures of stress (1983) J Psychosom Res, 27, pp. 193-199; Hsiao, J.K., Bartko, J.J., Potter, W.Z., Diagnosing diagnoses: Receiver operating characteristic methods in psychiatry (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 46, pp. 664-667; Huppert, F.A., Whittington, J.E., Symptoms of psychological distress predict 7-year mortality (1995) Psychol Med, 25, pp. 1073-1086; Kessler, R.C., Cleary, P.D., Social class and psychological distress (1980) Am Sociol Rev, 45, pp. 463-478; Kessler, R.C., Mroczek, D., Measuring the effects of medical interventions (1995) Med Care, 33 (SUPPL. 4), pp. 109-119; Lindelow, M., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general UK population: The psychiatric symptom frequency scale (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 549-557; Link, B., Dohrenwend, B.P., Formulation of hypotheses about the true prevalence of demoralization in the United States (1980) Mental Illness in the United States: Epidemiological Estimates, pp. 114-127. , Dohrenwend BP, Dohrenwend BS, Schwartz Gould M, Link B, Neugebauer R, Wunsch-Hitzig R (eds) Praeger Scientific, New York; Mackinnon, A., Christensen, H., Jorm, A.F., Henderson, A.S., Scott, R., Korten, A.E., A latent trait analysis of an inventory designed to detect symptoms of anxiety and depression using an elderly community sample (1994) Psychol Med, 24, pp. 977-986; McDonald, R.P., Marsh, H.W., Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit (1990) Psychol Bull, 107, pp. 247-255; McGee, R., Williams, S., Kashani, J.H., Silva, P.A., Prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms and associated social factors in mothers in Dunedin (1983) Br J Psychiatry, 143, pp. 473-479; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., An evaluation of the Malaise inventory (1986) J Psychosom Res, 30, pp. 147-152; (1980) Classification of Occupations 1980, , HMSO, London; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five-year-olds, , Routledge & Kegan Paul, London; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class difference in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal perspective (1992) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 27, pp. 284-291; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: the Early Years, , Chapman & Hall, London; Radloff, L., Sex differences in depression: The effects of occupation and marital status (1975) Sex Roles, 1, pp. 249-265; Radloff, L.S., The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population (1977) Appl Psychol Meas, 1, pp. 385-401; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longmans, London; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Yule, W., Graham, P., Isle of Wight Studies: 1964-1974 (1976) Psychol Med, 6, pp. 313-332; (1990) SAS Procedures Guide: Version 6, 3rd Edn., , SAS Institute, Cary; Stansfeld, S.A., Marmot, M.G., Social class and minor psychiatric disorder in British civil servants: A validated screening survey using the general health questionnaire (1992) Psychol Med, 22, pp. 739-749; (1997) Stata Statistical Software: Release 5.0, , Stata Corporation, College Station, TX; (1977) International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, , WHO, Geneva; Zweig, M.H., Campbell, G., Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: A fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine (1993) Clin Chem, 39, pp. 561-577 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032799720&doi=10.1007%2fs001270050153&partnerID=40&md5=bf50cc69b2d2b5299597eb6a6eefd9a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seven-year stability of indicators of obesity and adipose tissue distribution in the Canadian population T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - Am. J. Clin. Nutr. VL - 69 IS - 6 SP - 1123 EP - 1129 PY - 1999 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Katzmarzyk, P.T. AU - Pérusse, L. AU - Malina, R.M. AU - Bouchard, C. AD - Phys. Activity Sciences Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Que. G1K 7P4, Canada AB - Background: The prevention of obesity appears to be a better approach than treatment; thus, the prediction of future obesity from current status is important. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the stability of adiposity and adipose tissue distribution (ATD) in the Canadian population. Design: The sample included 1048 males and 1063 females aged 7-69 y at baseline from the Campbell's Survey, a 7-y follow-up of the Canada Fitness Survey. Indicators of adiposity included body mass index (BMI), sum of 5 skinfold thicknesses (SF5), and waist circumference (Waist), whereas indicators of ATD included the ratio of trunk to extremity skinfold thicknesses adjusted for SF5 (TER(adj)), and Waist adjusted for BMI (Waist(adj)). Results: Interage correlations ranged from 0.53 to 0.91 for BMI, from -0.09 to 0.72 for SF5, from 0.24 to 0.89 for Waist, from 0.23 to 0.73 for TER(adj), and from 0.18 to 0.77 for Waist(adj). Correlations for BMI were higher than for SF5, suggesting that fat-free mass may contribute to the stability of BMI. Although lower than those for BMI, correlations for indicators of ATD were significant, indicating a propensity to retain an android or gynoid pattern. Furthermore, the average percentage of participants remaining in the lower or upper quintiles for the various indicators ranged from 37.8% to 66.7% in males and from 47.0% to 65.3% in females, indicating that those in the lower and upper portions of the distribution tend to remain there. Conclusion: Obesity and ATD showed significant stability over 7 y in the Canadian population. KW - Body mass index KW - Campbell's Survey KW - Canada Fitness Survey KW - Fat distribution KW - Fatness KW - Skinfold thicknesses KW - Subcutaneous tissue KW - Tracking KW - adipose tissue KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - body mass KW - Canada KW - female KW - fitness KW - health survey KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - school child KW - skinfold thickness KW - subcutaneous fat KW - tissue distribution KW - Adipose Tissue KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aging KW - Body Constitution KW - Body Mass Index KW - Canada KW - Child KW - Female KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Obesity KW - Physical Fitness KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Skinfold Thickness N1 - Cited By :49 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 10357729 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bouchard, C.; Physical Activity Sci. Laboratory, Dept. of Social and Preventive Med., Laval University, Ste-Foy, Que. G1K 7P4, Canada; email: claude.bouchard@kin.msp.ulaval.ca N1 - References: Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 507-526; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Whitaker, R.C., Wright, J.A., Pepe, M.S., Seidel, K.D., Dietz, W.H., Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 869-873; Bouchard, C., Obesity in adulthood - The importance of childhood and parental obesity (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 926-927; Bouchard, C., Bray, G.A., Hubbard, V.S., Basic and clinical aspects of regional fat distribution (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 946-950; Bouchard, C., Genetics of human obesities: Introductory notes (1994) Human Obesity, pp. 1-15. , Bouchard C, ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic (1998) Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , Geneva, 3-5 June. Geneva: World Health Organization; Lean, M.E.J., Han, T.S., Morrison, C.E., Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 158-161; Lemieux, S., Prud'homme, D., Bouchard, C., Tremblay, A., Després, J.-P., A single threshold value of waist girth identifies normal-weight and overweight subjects with excess visceral adipose tissue (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 685-693; Lean, M.E.J., Han, T.S., Deurenberg, P., Predicting body composition by densitometry from simple anthropometric measurements (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 63, pp. 4-14; Clarke, W.R., Woolson, R.F., Lauer, R.M., Changes in ponderosity and blood pressure in childhood: The Muscatine study (1986) Am J Epidemiol, 124, pp. 195-206; Clarke, W.R., Lauer, R.M., Does childhood obesity track into adulthood? (1993) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 33, pp. 423-430; Cronk, C.E., Roche, A.F., Kent, R., Longitudinal trends and continuity in weight/stature2 from 3 months to 18 years (1982) Hum Biol, 54, pp. 729-749; Rolland-Cachera, M.-F., Deheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Avons, P., Patois, E., Sempé, M., Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 219-229; Rolland-Cachera, M.-F., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., The prediction in boys and girls of the weight/height2 index and various skinfold measurements in adults: A two-decade follow-up study (1989) Int J Obes, 13, pp. 305-311; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66, pp. 1094-1101; Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Adolescent overweight is associated with adult overweight and related multiple cardiovascular risk factors: The Bogalusa heart study (1996) Metabolism, 45, pp. 235-240; Sørensen, T.I.A., Sonne-Holm, S., Risk in childhood of development of severe adult obesity: Retrospective, population-based case-cohort study (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 127, pp. 104-113; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Coleman, K.A., Valadian, I., Body mass index from childhood to middle age: A 50-y follow-up (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56, pp. 14-18; Garn, S.M., Pilkington, J.J., La Velle, M., Relationship between initial fatness level and long-term fatness change (1984) Ecol Food Nutr, 14, pp. 85-92; Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Two-decade follow-up of fatness in early childhood (1985) Am J Dis Child, 139, pp. 181-185; Hawk, L.J., Brook, C.G.D., Influence of body fatness in childhood on fatness in adult life (1979) Br Med J, 1, pp. 151-152; Freedman, D.S., Shear, C.L., Burke, G.L., Persistence of juvenile-onset obesity over eight years: The Bogalusa heart study (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 588-592; Gasser, T., Ziegler, P., Molinari, L., Largo, R.H., Prader, A., Prediction of adult skinfolds and body mass from infancy through adolescence (1995) Ann Hum Biol, 22, pp. 217-233; Twisk, J., Kemper, H.C.G., Snel, J., Tracking of cardiovascular risk factors in relation to lifestyle (1995) The Amsterdam Growth Study: a Longitudinal Analysis of Health, Fitness and Lifestyle, pp. 203-224. , Kemper HCG, ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; Parizková, J., (1977) Body Fat and Physical Fitness, , The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff; Guo, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Siervogel, R.M., Age- and maturity-related changes in body composition during adolescence into adulthood: The Fels longitudinal study (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, pp. 1167-1175; Baumgartner, R.N., Roche, A.F., Tracking of fat pattern indices in childhood: The Melbourne growth study (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 549-567; Casey, V.A., Dwyer, J.T., Berkey, C.S., Bailey, S.M., Coleman, K.M., Valadian, I., The distribution of body fat from childhood to adulthood in a longitudinal study population (1994) Ann Hum Biol, 21, pp. 39-55; Carmelli, D., McElroy, M.R., Rosenman, R.H., Longitudinal changes in fat distribution in the Western Collaborative Group study: A 23-year follow-up (1991) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 67-74; Kaplowitz, H.J., Wild, K.A., Mueller, W.H., Decker, M., Tanner, J.M., Serial and parent-child changes in components of body fat distribution and fatness in children from the London longitudinal growth study, ages two to eighteen years (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 739-758; Stephens, T., Craig, C.L., (1990) The Well-being of Canadians: Highlights of the 1988 Campbell's Survey, , Ottawa: Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute; (1983) A User's Guide to CFS Findings: A Technical Reference Work Describing the CFS Sample, Data Items, and Forms of Data Access, , Ottawa: Ministry of Fitness and Amateur Sport; (1981) Standardized Test of Fitness: Operations Manual. 2nd Ed., , Ottawa: Ministry of Fitness and Amateur Sport; Zack, P.M., Harlan, W.R., Leaverton, P.E., Cornoni-Huntley, J., A longitudinal study of body fatness in childhood and adolescence (1979) J Pediatr, 95, pp. 126-130; Beunen, G., Lefevre, J., Claessens, A.L., Age-specific correlation analysis of longitudinal physical fitness levels in men (1992) Eur J Appl Physiol, 64, pp. 538-545; Lefevre, J., Beunen, G., Claessens, A., Tracking at the extremes in health-and performance related fitness from adolescence through adulthood (1993) Kinanthropometry IV, pp. 249-255. , Duquet W, Day JAP, eds. London: FN Spon; Roche, A.F., Guo, S., Tracking: Its analysis and significance (1994) Human-Biologia Budapestinensis, 25, pp. 465-469; Malina, R.M., Regional body composition: Age, sex and ethnic variation (1996) Human Body Composition, pp. 217-255. , Roche AF, Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG, eds. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344326247&partnerID=40&md5=eaa6d487658058e33f982681ff21dd30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fresh fruit intake and asthma symptoms in young British adults: Confounding or effect modification by smoking? T2 - European Respiratory Journal J2 - Eur. Respir. J. VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 744 EP - 750 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13d08.x SN - 09031936 (ISSN) AU - Butland, B.K. AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Anderson, H.R. AD - Dept. of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom AB - Antioxidant vitamins have been postulated as a protective factor in asthma. The associations between the frequency of fresh fruit consumption in summer, and the prevalence of self-reported asthma symptoms were investigated. The analysis was based on 5,582 males and 5,770 females, born in England, Wales and Scotland between March 3-9, 1958 and aged 33 yrs at the time of survey. The 12-month period prevalence of wheeze and frequent wheeze were inversely associated with frequent intakes of fresh fruit and salad/raw vegetables and positively associated with smoking and lower social class. After adjustment for mutual confounding and sex, associations with smoking persisted, but those with social class and salad/raw vegetable consumption lost significance. The frequency of fresh fruit intake was no longer associated with wheeze after adjustment, but was inversely associated with frequent wheeze and speech-limiting attacks. The association with frequent wheeze differed significantly between smoking groups (never, former, current) and appeared to be confined to exsmokers and current smokers. These findings support postulated associations between infrequent fresh fruit consumption and the prevalence of frequent or severe asthma symptoms in adults. Associations appeared to be restricted to smokers, with effect modification as a more likely explanation of this pattern than residual confounding by smoking. KW - Asthma KW - Fresh fruit KW - Smoking KW - Wheeze KW - adult KW - antioxidant activity KW - article KW - asthma KW - dietary intake KW - disease severity KW - female KW - fruit KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - peak expiratory flow KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - smoking KW - social class KW - summer KW - United Kingdom KW - vegetable KW - wheezing KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Female KW - Fruit KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Vegetables N1 - Cited By :65 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ERJOE C2 - 10362034 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Butland, B.K.; Dept. of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom N1 - References: Strachan, D.P., Time trends in asthma and allergy: Ten questions, fewer answers (1995) Clin Exp Allergy, 25, pp. 791-794; Peat, J.K., The rising trend in allergic illness: Which environmental factors are important? (1994) Clin Exp Allergy, 24, pp. 797-800; Seaton, A., Godden, D.J., Brown, K., Increase in asthma: A more toxic environment or a more susceptible population? (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 171-174; Garrow, J.S., James, W.P.T., (1993) Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 9th Edn., , Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone; Anderson, R., Theron, A.J., Ras, G.J., Regulation by the antioxidants ascorbate, cysteine, and dapsone of the increased extracellular and intracellular generation of reactive oxidants by activated phagocytes from cigarette smokers (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis, 135, pp. 1027-1032; Chatham, M.D., Eppler, J.H., Sauder, L.R., Green, D., Kulle, T.J., Evaluation of the effects of vitamin C on ozone-induced bronchoconstriction in normal subjects (1987) Ann NY Acad Sci, 498, pp. 269-279; Mohsenin, V., Effect of vitamin C on NO2-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in normal subjects. A randomised double-blind experiment (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis, 136, pp. 1408-1411; Shepherd, P.M., The national child development study: An introduction to the background to the study and the methods of data collection (1985) National Child Development Study User Support Group Working Paper No 1, , London, Social Statistics Research Unit; (1993) National Child Development Study Fifth Follow-up, 1991 (Computer File), , Colchester, ESRC Data Archive; (1991) Standard Occupational Classification, 3. , London, HMSO; (1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, 4th Edn., , Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc; Dean, A.G., Dean, J.A., Coulombier, D., (1994) Epi Info, Version 6: A Word Processing, Database, and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Microcomputers, , Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Schectman, G., Byrd, J.C., Gruchow, H.W., The influence of smoking on vitamin C status in adults (1989) Am J Public Health, 79, pp. 158-162; Calder, J.H., Curtis, R.C., Fore, H., Comparison of vitamin C in plasma and leukocytes of smokers and non-smokers (1963) Lancet, 1, p. 556; Kallner, A.B., Hartmann, D., Hornig, D.H., On the requirements of ascorbic acid in man: Steady state turnover and body pool in smokers (1981) Am J Clin Nutr, 34, pp. 1347-1355; Burr, M.L., Elwood, P.C., Hole, D.J., Hurley, R.J., Hughes, R.E., Plasma and leukocyte ascorbic acid levels in the elderly (1974) Am J Clin Nutr, 27, pp. 144-151; Crawley, H.F., While, D., The diet and body weight of British teenage smokers at 16-17 years (1995) Eur J Clin Nutr, 49, pp. 904-914; Cox, B.D., Blaxter, M., Buckle, A.L.J., (1987) The Health and Lifestyle Survey. Preliminary Report of a Nationwide Survey of the Physical and Mental Health, Attitudes and Lifestyle of a Random Sample of 9,003 British Adults, , London, Health Promotion Research Trust; Schwartz, J., Weiss, S.T., Dietary factors and their relation to respiratory symptoms. The second national health and nutrition examination survey (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 67-76; Miedema, I., Feskens, E.J.M., Heederik, D., Kromhout, D., Dietary determinants of longterm incidence of chronic nonspecific lung diseases. The zutphen study (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 138, pp. 37-45; Bodner, C., Seaton, A., Godden, D., Plasma vitamin C, lung function and adult onset wheeze: A case control study (1997) Eur Respir J, 10 (SUPPL. 25), pp. 17s; Troisi, R.J., Willett, W.C., Weiss, S.T., Trichopoulos, D., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.E., A prospective study of diet and adult-onset asthma (1995) Respir Crit Care Med, 151, pp. 1401-1408; Strachan, D.P., Cox, B.D., Erzinclioglu, S.W., Walters, D.E., Whichelow, M.J., Ventilatory function and winter fresh fruit consumption in a random sample of British adults (1991) Thorax, 46, pp. 624-629; Britton, J.R., Pavord, I.D., Richards, K.A., Dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung function in the general population (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151, pp. 1383-1387; Cook, D.G., Carey, I.M., Whincup, P.H., Effect of fresh fruit consumption on lung function and wheeze in children (1997) Thorax, 52, pp. 628-633; Schwartz, J., Weiss, S.T., Relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and pulmonary function in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 110-114; Ortiz, J.C.G., Martin, P.C., Lopez Asunsole, A., Melon sensitivity shares allergens with Plantago and grass pollens (1995) Allergy, 50, pp. 269-273 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032904109&doi=10.1034%2fj.1399-3003.1999.13d08.x&partnerID=40&md5=1d4e8d2506c820c6c12a6ae528cf87f2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth weight, body mass index and asthma in young adults T2 - Thorax J2 - Thorax VL - 54 IS - 5 SP - 396 EP - 402 PY - 1999 SN - 00406376 (ISSN) AU - Shaheen, S.O. AU - Sterne, J.A.C. AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Azima, H. AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, Guy's, King's/St Thomas' Sch. of M., London SE1 3QD, United Kingdom AD - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AB - Background - Impaired fetal growth may be a risk factor for asthma although evidence in children is conflicting and there are few data in adults. Little is known about risk factors which may influence asthma in late childhood or early adult life. Whilst there are clues that fatness may be important, this has been little studied in young adults. The relations between birth weight and childhood and adult anthropometry and asthma, wheeze, hayfever, and eczema were investigated in a nationally representative sample of young British adults. Methods - A total of 8960 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) were studied. They had recently responded to a questionnaire at 26 years of age in which they were asked whether they had suffered from asthma, wheeze, hayfever, and eczema in the previous 12 months. Adult body mass index (BMI) was calculated from reported height and weight. Results - The prevalence of asthma at 26 years fell with increasing birth weight. After controlling for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio comparing the lowest birth weight group (< 2 kg) with the modal group (3-3.5 kg) was 1.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 4.12). The prevalence of asthma increased with increasing adult BMI. After controlling for birth weight and other confounders, the odds ratio comparing highest with lowest quintile was 1.72 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.29). The association between fatness and asthma was stronger in women; odds ratios comparing overweight women (BMI 25-29.99) and obese women (BMI ≥ 30) with those of normal weight (BMI < 25) were 1.51 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.06) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.84), respectively. The BMI at 10 years was not related to adult asthma. Similar associations with birth weight and adult BMI were present for wheeze but not for hayfever or eczema. Conclusions - Impaired fetal growth and adult fatness are risk factors for adult asthma. KW - Adult asthma KW - Birth weight KW - Body mass index KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - asthma KW - birth weight KW - body mass KW - child KW - controlled study KW - eczema KW - female KW - hay fever KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - United Kingdom KW - wheezing KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Eczema KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Fetal Growth Retardation KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prevalence KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :291 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: THORA C2 - 10212102 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Shaheen, S.O.; Department of Public Health Sciences, Guy's, King's St Thomas' School Med., London SE1 3QD, United Kingdom N1 - References: Shaheen, S., Discovering the causes of atopy (1097) BMJ, 314, pp. 987-988; Schwartz, J., Gold, D., Dockery, D.W., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States. Association with social class, perinatal events, and race (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; Weitzman, M., Gortmaker, S., Sobol, A., Racial, social, and environmental risks for childhood asthma (1090) Am J Dis Child, 144, pp. 1189-1194; Sears, M.R., Holdaway, M.D., Flannery, E.M., Parental and neonatal risk factors for atopy, airway hyperresponsiveness, and asthma (1996) Arch Dis Child, 75, pp. 392-398; Fergusson, D.M., Crane, J., Beasley, R., Perinatal factors and atopic disease in childhood (1997) Clin Exp Allergy, 27, pp. 1394-1401; Kelly, Y.J., Brabin, B.J., Milligan, P., Maternal asthma, premature birth, and the risk of respiratory morbidity in schoolchildren in Merseyside (1995) Thorax, 50, pp. 525-530; Demissie, K., Ernst, P., Joseph, L., Birthweight and preterm birth in relation to indicators of childhood asthma (1997) Can Respir J, 4, pp. 91-97; Braback, L., Hedberg, A., Perinatal risk factors for atopic disease in conscripts (1998) Clin Exp Allergy, 28, pp. 936-942; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Is low birth weight a risk factor for asthma during adolescence? (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 584-587; Fleming, D.M., Crombie, D.L., Prevalence of asthma and hay fever in England and Wales (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 279-283; Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., (1995) The Health Survey for England 1993, , London: HMSO; Rosenbaum, S., Skinner, R.K., Knight, I.B., A survey of heights and weights of adults in Great Britain, 1980 (1985) Ann Hum Biol, 12, pp. 115-127; Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , London: Social Survey Division, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, HMSO; Burney, P.G., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? evidence from the national study of health and growth 1973-86 (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 1306-1310; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness for English and Scottish children, 1972-1982 and 1982-1990 (1994) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 8, pp. 90-106; Gold, D.R., Rotnitzky, A., Damokosh, A.I., Race and gender differences in respiratory illness prevalence and their relationship to environmental exposures in children 7 to 14 years of age (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis, 148, pp. 10-18; Luder, E., Melnik, T.A., DiMaio, M., Association of being overweight with greater asthma symptoms in inner city black and Hispanic children (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 699-703; Seidell, J.C., De Groot, L.C., Van Sonsbeek, J.L., Associations of moderate and severe overweight with self-reported illness and medical care in Dutch adults (1986) Am J Public Health, 76, pp. 264-269; Negri, E., Pagano, R., Decarli, A., Body weight and the prevalence of chronic diseases (1988) J Epidemiol Community Health, 42, pp. 24-29; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Introduction (1986) From Birth to Five. A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five-year-olds, pp. 1-7. , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., (1993) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS). Inter-cohort Analysis Working Paper 1, , London: City University Social Statistics Research Unit (SSRU); Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Twenty-something in the 1990s, pp. 130-136. , Bynner JM, Ferri E, Shepherd P, eds. Aldershot: Ashgate Press; Garrow, J.S., (1988) Obesity and Related Diseases, , London: Churchill Livingstone; Lewis, S., Butland, B., Strachan, D., Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts (1996) Thorax, 51, pp. 670-676; Butland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Lewis, S., Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 717-721; (1966) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; Michels, K.B., Greenland, S., Rosner, B.A., Does body mass index adequately capture the relation of body composition and body size to health outcomes? (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 167-172; Shaheen, S., The beginnings of chronic airflow obstruction (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 58-70; Strachan, D.P., Epidemiology of hay fever: Towards a community diagnosis (1995) Clin Exp Allergy, 25, pp. 296-303; Strachan, D.P., Harkins, L.S., Johnston, I.D., Childhood antecedents of allergic sensitization in young British adults (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 99, pp. 6-12; Godfrey, K.M., Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Disproportionate fetal growth and raised IgE concentration in adult life (1994) Clin Exp Allergy, 24, pp. 641-648; Dean, G., Lee, P.N., Todd, G.F., Factors related to respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms in the United Kingdom (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 86-96; Lean, M.E., Han, T.S., Seidell, J.C., Impairment of health and quality of life in people with large waist circumference (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 853-856; Stewart, A.W., Jackson, R.T., Ford, M.A., Underestimation of relative weight by use of self-reported height and weight (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 125, pp. 122-126; Siersted, H.C., Boldsen, J., Hansen, H.S., Population based study of risk factors for underdiagnosis of asthma in adolescence: Odense schoolchild study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 651-655; Platts-Mills, T.A.E., Sporik, R.B., Chapman, M.D., The role of domestic allergens (1997) Ciba Foundation Symposium, 206, pp. 173-189; Seaton, A., Godden, D.J., Brown, K., Increase in asthma: A more toxic environment or a more susceptible population? (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 171-174; Troisi, R.J., Speizer, F.E., Willen, W.C., Menopause, postmenopausal estrogen preparations, and the risk of adult-onset asthma. A prospective cohort study (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152, pp. 1183-1188; Ingram, D., Nottage, E., Ng, S., Obesity and breast disease. The role of the female sex hormones (1989) Cancer, 64, pp. 1049-1053; Brunet, S.-G., Ghadirian, P., Rebbeck, T.R., Effect of smoking on breast cancer in carriers of mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes (1998) J Natl Cancer Inst, 90, pp. 761-766; Gallagher, P., Visser, M., Sepulveda, D., How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups? (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 228-239 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032898751&partnerID=40&md5=605e02f10eaf242ca04b18d3eb734a75 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The persisting effect of unemployment on health and social well-being in men early in working life T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 48 IS - 10 SP - 1491 EP - 1499 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00052-0 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Bartley, M.J. AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. Epidemiol. Pub. Hlth., U., London, United Kingdom AB - In our studies of the effects of unemployment in the early working life of men in a British national birth cohort we haw shown elsewhere that this experience was part of a longer term accumulation of social and health disadvantage. This present study asks whether men's unemployment also inflicted potential longterm damage to future socio-economic chances and health. We therefore constructed indicators of socio-economic circumstances and health at 33 years from factors already shown to be associated with health in later life. For the socio-economic indicator we used a combination of income, occupational status and home ownership and described this as socioeconomic capital. For the health indicator we combined scores of body mass index, leisure time exercise, frequency of eating fresh, fruit and of smoking, and described this as health capital. After controlling for pre- labour market socio-economic and health factors, prolonged unemployment is shown here to reduce significantly both socioeconomic and health capital by age 33 years. We conclude that the experience of prolonged unemployment early in the working life of this population of young men looks likely to have a persisting effect on their future health and socio-economic circumstances. KW - Britain KW - Health capital KW - National Child Development Study (NCDS) KW - Socio-economic capital KW - Unemployment KW - health risk KW - medical geography KW - socioeconomic impact KW - unemployment KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - conference paper KW - controlled study KW - coping behavior KW - health hazard KW - health status KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - risk assessment KW - socioeconomics KW - unemployment KW - wellbeing KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Educational Status KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Population Surveillance KW - Quality of Life KW - Risk Assessment KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Unemployment KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :71 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 10369448 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wadsworth, M.E.J.; MRG Natl. Survey of Hlth. and Devt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Univ. Coll. London - Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: m.wadsworth@ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1996) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , London: British Medical Journal Publications; Braddon, F.E.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Cripps, H.A., Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort (1988) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 42, pp. 341-349; Davey Smith, G., Income inequality and mortality: Why are they related? (1996) British Medical Journal, 312, pp. 987-988; Daniel, W.W., (1990) The Unemployed Flow, , London: Political Studies Institute; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , London: McGibbon and Kee; Douglas, J.W.B., Ross, J.M., Simpson, H.R., (1968) All Our Future, , London: Peter Davies; Elder, G., Liker, J.K., Cross, C.E., Parent-child behaviour in the Great Depression: Lifecourse and intergenerational influences (1984) Life-Span Development and Behaviour, , P.B. Baltes, & O.G. Brim. New York: Academic Press; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1993) The Constant Flux, , Oxford: Clarendon; Ferman, L., Gardner, J., Economic deprivation, social mobility and mental health (1979) Mental Health and the Economy, , L. Ferman, & J. Gordus. Kalamazoo, MI: W E Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , K. Fogelman. London: Macmillan; (1993) Life at 33, , E. Ferri. London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Harris, C.C., (1987) Redundancy and Recession, , Oxford: Blackwell; Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Childhood influences on adult male earnings in a longitudinal study (1991) British Journal of Sociology, 42, pp. 537-555; (1997) A Lifecourse Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , D.J.L. Kuh, & Y. Ben Shlomo. Oxford: Oxford University Press; (1997) Fetal and Early Childhood Environment: Longterm Health Implications., 53. , M.G. Marmot, Wadsworth M.E.J. British Medical Bulletin 53. (Special Issue); Martikainen, P.T., Valkonen, T., Excess mortality of unemployed men and women during a period of rapidly increasing unemployment (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 909-912; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.G., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain (1996) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50, pp. 415-422; Montgomery, S.M., Cook, D.G., Bartley, M.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weight in young men (1998) European Journal of Public Health, 8, pp. 21-27; Norusis, M.J., (1990) SPSS Users' Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; Stott, D.H., (1964) The Social Adjustment of Children, , London: University of London Press; Vagero, D., Illsley, R., Explaining health inequalities: Beyond Black and Barker (1995) European Sociological Review, 11, pp. 219-241; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Family and education as determinants of health (1996) Health and Social Organisation, , D. Blane, E. Brunner, & R. Wilkinson. London: Routledge; Westergaard, J., Noble, I., Walker, A., (1989) After Redundancy: The Experience of Economic Insecurity, , Cambridge: Polity Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032919542&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2899%2900052-0&partnerID=40&md5=544389d7ec8f0de498cc901bf3286818 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Febrile convulsions in 220 children - Neurological sequelae at 12 years follow-up T2 - European Neurology J2 - Eur. Neurol. VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 179 EP - 186 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1159/000008048 SN - 00143022 (ISSN) AU - MacDonald, B.K. AU - Johnson, A.L. AU - Sander, J.W.A.S. AU - Shorvon, S.D. AD - Neuroepidemiology U./Epilepsy R., Institute of Neurology, Natl. Hosp. Neurol. and Neurosurg., London, United Kingdom AD - National Society for Epilepsy, Gerrard's Cross, United Kingdom AD - MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Neuroepidemiology U./Epilepsy R., Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom AB - We report a 12-year follow-up study of children with febrile convulsions (FCs). The National General Practice Study of Epilepsy (NGPSE) is a large prospective community-based cohort study of 1195 patients of all ages from first presentation with an identified seizure. Two hundred and twenty children with a first febrile convulsion were identified from the above study between 1984 and 1987. Children were prospectively followed up to ascertain subsequent seizures, neurological problems and treatment. Two hundred and seven patients were followed for a minimum of 8.4 years (median 11.2 years). In the FC cohort, 6% of the children developed subsequent epilepsy, which compares with a population risk of about 1.4%. Ten percent had neurological sequelae. Eleven percent of the children had received medication to prevent recurrence of FC, and in one third of these cases, this was for simple FCs. Using a time-dependent covariate Cox proportional hazards model, the number of FCs was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy (hazard ratio 2.48; 95% confidence limits, CL 1.68, 3.65) up to a limit of 4. A statistically significant association between occurrence of complex FC and subsequent epilepsy was not found, but a review of other studies quantified the odds ratio for epilepsy after a complex first FC as 3.4 (95% CL 2.1, 5.4). Epilepsy is a significant if infrequent sequel to FCs. Factors associated with subsequent epilepsy are the number of FCs or a complex first FC. Overtreatment of this condition continues. KW - Cox proportional hazards analysis with time-dependent covariates KW - Febrile convulsions KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective community-based cohort study KW - Risk factors for epilepsy KW - Risk factors for neurodevelopmental delay KW - Treatment KW - anticonvulsive agent KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - epilepsy KW - febrile convulsion KW - female KW - follow up KW - high risk population KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - neurologic disease KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - seizure KW - statistical analysis KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Learning Disorders KW - Male KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Seizures, Febrile KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EUNEA C2 - 10343147 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: MacDonald, B.K.; Neuroepidemiology Unit, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom N1 - References: Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I and II (1985) BMJ, 290, pp. 1307-1315; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br Med J, 280, pp. 207-210; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 1029-1033; Hauser, W.A., Kurland, L.T., The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967 (1975) Epilepsia, 16, pp. 1-66; Gowers, W.R., (1881) Epilepsy and Other Chronic Convulsive Diseases: Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, , London, Churchill; Livingston, S., (1972) Comprehensive Management of Epilepsy in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence, p. 15. , Springfield, Thomas; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II. Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 290, pp. 1311-1315; Verity, C.M., Golding, J., Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: A national cohort study (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1373-1376; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Elveback, L.R., Kurland, L.T., The risk of epilepsy following febrile convulsions (1979) Neurology, 29, pp. 297-303; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Hauser, W.A., Alemany, M., Shapiro, E.D., Salomon, M.E., Crain, E.F., A prospective study of recurrent febrile seizures (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1122-1127; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life (1985) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 290, pp. 1307-1310; Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Outcome of childhood status epilepticus and lengthy febrile convulsions: Findings of national cohort study (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 225-228; Sofijanov, N., Sadikario, A., Dukovski, M., Kuturec, M., Febrile convulsions and later development of epilepsy (1983) Am J Dis Child, 137, pp. 123-126; Tsuboi, T., Endo, S., Iida, N., Long-term follow-up of a febrile convulsion cohort (1991) Acta Neurol Scand, 84, pp. 369-373; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Shirts, S.B., Kurland, L.T., Factors prognostic of unprovoked seizures after febrile convulsions (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 493-498; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Hauser, W.A., Leventhal, J.M., Predictors of recurrent febrile seizures: A metaanalytic review (1990) J Pediatr, 116, pp. 329-337; Wolf, S.M., Forsythe, A., Epilepsy and mental retardation following febrile seizures in childhood (1989) Acta Paediatr Scand, 78, pp. 291-295; Sander, J.W.A.S., Some aspects of prognosis in the epilepsies: A review (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 1007-1016; Hart, Y.M., Sander, J.W.A.S., Shorvon, S.D., National General Practice Study of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures: Objectives and study methodology of the largest reported prospective cohort study of epilepsy. National General Practice Study of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures (NGPSE) (1989) Neuroepidemiology, 8, pp. 221-227; Sander, J.W.A.S., Hart, Y.M., Johnson, A.L., Shorvon, S.D., National General Practice Study of Epilepsy: Newly diagnosed epileptic seizures in a general population (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 1267-1271; Hart, Y.M., Sander, J.W.A.S., Johnson, A.L., Shorvon, S.D., National General Practice Study of Epilepsy: Recurrence after a first seizure (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 1271-1274; Febrile seizures: Long-term management of children with fever-associated seizures (1980) Pediatrics, 66, pp. 1009-1012; Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 592-596; Hart, Y.M., Shorvon, S.D., The nature of epilepsy in the general population. I. Characteristics of patients receiving medication for epilepsy. II. Medical care (1995) Epilepsy Res, 21, pp. 43-58; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Unprovoked seizures in children with febrile seizures: Short-term outcome (1996) Neurology, 47, pp. 562-568; Noah, P.K., Archer, E.Y., Further seizures following febrile seizure. Assessment of risk factors (1988) West Indian Med J, 37, pp. 74-77; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prognosis in children with febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 720-727; Knudsen, F.U., Recurrence risk after first febrile seizure and effect of short term diazepam prophylaxis (1985) Arch Dis Child, 60, pp. 1045-1049; Offringa, M., Derksen Lubsen, G., Bossuyt, P.M., Lubsen, J., Seizure recurrence after a first febrile seizure: A multivariate approach (1992) Dev Med Child Neurol, 34, pp. 15-24; Offringa, M., Bossuyt, P.M., Lubsen, J., Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Knudsen, F.U., Annegers, J.F., Derksen-Lubsen, G., Risk factors for seizure recurrence in children with febrile seizures: A pooled analysis of individual patient data from five studies (1994) J Pediatr, 124, pp. 574-584; Friderichsen, C., Melchior, J., Febrile convulsions in children, their frequency and prognosis (1954) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, S100, pp. 307-317; Frantzen, E., Lennox-Buchthal, M., Nygaard, A., Longitudinal EEG and clinical study of children with febrile convulsions (1968) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 24, pp. 197-212; Van Den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children (1969) Pediatr Res, 3, pp. 298-304; Heijbel, J., Blom, S., Bergfors, P.G., Simple febrile convulsions. A prospective incidence study and an evaluation of investigations initially needed (1980) Neuropadiatrie, 11, pp. 45-56; Knudsen, F.U., Paerregaard, A., Andersen, R., Andresen, J., Long-term outcome of prophylaxis for febrile convulsions (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 13-18; Forsgren, L., Heijbel, J., Nystrom, L., Sidenvall, R., A follow-up of an incident case-referent study of febrile convulsions seven years after the onset (1997) Seizure, 6, pp. 21-26; Herlitz, G., Studien über die sog. Initialen fieber-krämpfe bei kindern (1941) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, S1, pp. 110-113; Faxén, N., Le pronostic des convulsions de l'enfance (1935) Rev Fr Pédiatr, 11 (6), pp. 665-688; Millichap, J.G., (1968) Febrile Convulsions, , New York, Macmillan; Stanhope, J.M., Brody, J.A., Brink, E., Convulsions among the Chamorro people of Guam, Mariana Islands. I. Seizure disorders. II. Febrile convulsions (1972) Am J Epidemiol, 95, pp. 292-304; Knudsen, F.U., Febrile seizures - Treatment and outcome (1996) Brain Dev, 18, pp. 438-449; Knudsen, F.U., Effective short-term diazepam prophylaxis in febrile convulsions (1985) J Pediatr, 106, pp. 487-490; Offringa, M., Hazebroek Kampschreur, A.A., Derksen Lubsen, G., Prevalence of febrile seizures in Dutch schoolchildren (1991) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 5, pp. 181-188; Farwell, J.R., Lee, Y.J., Hirtz, D.G., Sulzbacher, S.I., Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Phenobarbital for febrile seizures - Effects on intelligence and on seizure recurrence (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 364-369; Farwell, J.R., Lee, Y.J., Hirtz, D.G., Sulzbacher, S.I., Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Correction of 'phenobarbital for febrile seizures - Effects on intelligence and on seizure recurrence' (1992) N Engl J Med, 326, p. 144; Hirtz, D.G., Chen, T.C., Nelson, K.B., Sulzbacher, S., Farwell, J.R., Ellenberg, J.H., Does phenobarbital used for febrile seizures cause sleep disturbances? (1993) Pediatr Neurol, 9, pp. 94-100; Van Esch, A., Steyerberg, E.W., Berger, M.Y., Offringa, M., Derksen Lubsen, G., Habbema, J.D., Family history and recurrence of febrile seizures (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 395-399; Wolf, S.M., Forsythe, A., Behavior disturbance, phenobarbital, and febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 728-731; Valman, H.B., ABC of one to seven. Febrile convulsions (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 1743-1745; Guidelines for the management of convulsions with fever (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 634-636; Rylance, G.W., Treatment of epilepsy and febrile convulsions in children (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 488-491; Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Febrile seizures and later intellectual performance (1978) Arch Neurol, 35, pp. 17-21; Cassano, P.A., Koepsell, T.D., Farwell, J.R., Risk of febrile seizures in childhood in relation to prenatal maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol intake (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 462-473; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prenatal and perinatal antecedents of febrile seizures (1990) Ann Neurol, 27, pp. 127-131; Pisacane, A., Sansone, R., Impagliazzo, N., Coppola, A., Rolando, P., D'Apuzzo, A., Tregrossi, C., Iron deficiency anaemia and febrile convulsions: Case-control study in children under 2 years (1996) BMJ, 313, p. 343; Arpino, C., Gattinara, G.C., Piergili, D., Curatolo, P., Toxocara infection and epilepsy in children: A case-control study (1990) Epilepsia, 31, pp. 33-36; Critchley, E.M., Vakil, S.D., Hutchinson, D.N., Taylor, P., Toxoplasma, toxocara, and epilepsy (1982) Epilepsia, 23, pp. 315-321; Rantala, H., Uhari, M., Hietala, J., Factors triggering the first febrile seizure (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 407-410; Barone, S.R., Kaplan, M.H., Krilov, L.R., Human herpesvirus-6 infection in children with first febrile seizures (1995) J Pediatr, 127, pp. 95-97; Rantala, H., Uhari, M., Tuokko, H., Viral infections and recurrences of febrile convulsions (1990) J Pediatr, 116, pp. 195-199; Hall, C.B., Long, C.E., Schnabel, K.C., Caserta, M.T., McIntyre, K.M., Costanzo, M.A., Knott, A., Epstein, L.G., Human herpesvirus-6 infection in children. A prospective study of complications and reactivation (1994) N Engl J Med, 331, pp. 432-438 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033007473&doi=10.1159%2f000008048&partnerID=40&md5=c8dadffec5ca6209473c7ee07b70d0b1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recurrence of prolonged pregnancy T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 253 EP - 257 PY - 1999 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Mogren, I. AU - Stenlund, H. AU - Högberg, U. AD - Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden AB - Background. We conducted a cohort study in an attempt to determine whether prolonged pregnancy in mother is a risk factor for prolonged pregnancy in daughter, and if previous prolonged pregnancy is a risk factor for prolonged pregnancy in subsequent pregnancy. Methods. Data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry were combined with a local registry of births (1955-1990). Mother-daughter pairs (with events of delivery in each generation) were identified. Relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and population attributable proportion was estimated when appropriate. Results. If mother had had prolonged pregnancy at delivery of daughter the relative risk (RR) of prolonged pregnancy in daughter was moderately raised (RR = 1.3; CI : 1.0-1.7) with population attributable proportions ranging between 2.1% and 4.6%. If previous pregnancy had been prolonged, the RR of prolonged pregnancy at subsequent birth was increased 2-3 fold with population attributable proportions of 12.5% to 15.8%. Possible confounders such as mother's parity, age and maternal age did not alter the risks. Conclusions. Although moderate, prolonged pregnancy in mother may be a risk factor for prolonged pregnancy in daughter. A previous prolonged pregnancy increases the risk of prolonged pregnancy in a subsequent birth. However, the familial factor of prolonged pregnancy explains just a minor part of its occurrence in the population (due to small population attributable proportions). KW - Cohort KW - Familial KW - Prolonged pregnancy KW - Recurrence KW - Relative risk KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - delivery KW - familial disease KW - female KW - human KW - maternal age KW - normal human KW - parity KW - priority journal KW - prolonged pregnancy KW - recurrent disease KW - register KW - risk factor KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Maternal Age KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Prolonged KW - Prevalence KW - Recurrence KW - Registries KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :44 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 10342687 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mogren, I.; Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden N1 - References: Ahmed, A.I., Versi, E., Prolonged pregnancy (1993) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 5, pp. 669-674; Crowley, P., Post-term pregnancy: Induction or surveillance? (1989) Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, pp. 776-791. , Enkin M, Keirse MJ, Chalmers I (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ounsted, M., Ounsted, C., Rate of intra-uterine growth (1968) Nature, 220, pp. 599-600; Klebanoff, M.A., Graubard, B.I., Kessel, S.S., Berendes, H.W., Low birth weight across generations (1984) JAMA, 252, pp. 2423-2427; Bakketeig, L.S., Hoffman, H.J., Harley, E.E., The tendency to repeat gestational age and birth weight in successive births (1979) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 135, pp. 1086-1103; Arngrimsson, R., Bjornsson, S., Geirsson, R.T., Bjornsson, H., Walker, J.J., Snaedal, G., Genetic and familial predisposition to eclampsia and pre-eclampsia in a defined population (1990) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 97, pp. 762-769; Sutherland, A., Cooper, D.W., Howie, P.W., Liston, W.A., MacGillivray, I., The incidence of severe pre-eclampsia amongst mothers and mothers-in-law of pre-eclamptics and controls (1981) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 88, pp. 785-791; Carr-Hill, R., Campbell, D.M., Hall, M.H., Meredith, A., Is birth weight determined genetically? (1987) Br Med J, 295, pp. 687-689; Magnus, P., Bakketeig, L.S., Skjaerven, R., Correlations of birth weight and gestational age across generations (1993) Ann Hum Biol, 20, pp. 231-238; Hennessy, E., Alberman, E., Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. II. Preterm delivery and gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort (1998) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 12, pp. 61-75; Bakketeig, L.S., Bergsjö, P., Post-term pregnancy: Magnitude of the problem (1989) Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, pp. 765-775. , Enkin M, Keirse MJ, Chalmers I (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; (1996) The Activities at the Centre of Epidemiology, , In Swedish; Mittendorf, R., Williams, M.A., Berkey, C.S., Cotter, P.F., The length of uncomplicated human gestation (1990) Obstet Gynecol, 75, pp. 929-932; Saunders, N., Paterson, C., Can we abandon Naegele's rule? (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 600-601; Saunders, N., Paterson, C., Effect of gestational age on obstetric performance: When is 'term' over? (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 1190-1192; Geirsson, R.T., Ultrasound instead of last menstrual period as the basis of gestational age assignment (1991) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 1, pp. 212-219; Todros, T., Roncho, G., Lombardo, D., Gagliardi, L., The length of pregnancy: An echographic reappraisal (1991) J Clin Ultrasound, 19, pp. 11-14; Kieler, H., Axelsson, O., Nilsson, S., Waldenström, U., The length of human pregnancy as calculated by ultrasonographic measurement of the fetalbiparietal diameter (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 6, pp. 353-357; Mongelli, M., Opatola, B., Duration and variability of normal pregnancy. Implications for clinical practice (1995) J Reprod Med, 40, pp. 645-648; Pryll, W., Kohabitationstermin und kindsgeschlecht (1916) Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 45, pp. 1579-1582; Bergsjö, P., Denman D.W. III, Hoffman, H.J., Meirik, O., Duration of human singleton pregnancy (1990) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 69, pp. 197-207; Högberg, U., Larsson, N., Early dating by ultrasound and perinatal outcome - A cohort study (1997) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 76, pp. 907-912; Cnattingius, S., Ericson, A., Gunnarskog, J., Källén, B., A quality study of a medical birth registry (1990) Scand J Soc Med, 18, pp. 143-148; (1977) Validation of the Information in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, 1974, , Stockholm, (In Swedish); Sandström, A., Nyström, L., Building up a medical birth registry for the period of 1955-72 (1985) Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, 2-3, pp. 95-97. , In Swedish; Chesley, L.C., Annitto, J.E., Cosgrove, R.A., The familial factor in toxemia of pregnancy (1968) Obstet Gynecol, 32, pp. 303-311; Khoury, M.J., Calle, E.E., Joesoef, R.M., Recurrence of low birth weight in siblings (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 1171-1178 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032943625&partnerID=40&md5=28aa18936ad71aba8beba698b5c36f6e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cumulative mortality in children aged 1 to 6 years born in Western Australia from 1980-89 T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 80 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 20 PY - 1999 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Alessandri, L.M. AU - Chambers, H.M. AU - Garfield, C. AU - Vukovich, S. AU - Read, A.W. AD - Division of Epidemiology, TVW Telethon Inst. for Child Hlth., PO Box 855, Perth, WA 6872, Australia AD - King Edward Memorial, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, Australia AB - Purpose - To investigate cumulative mortality for children aged 1-6 years born in Western Australia from 1980 to 1989. Study design - Births and deaths were ascertained from a linked total population database supplemented by information from postmortem records. Deaths were classified according to the underlying cause, and mortality rates, including factor specific rates, were calculated. Trends were investigated and comparisons were made using relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Results - Cumulative mortality was 2.2/1000 infant survivors, with a significant decrease during the years studied. Mortality was almost four times higher for Indigenous children, with no decrease. Accidents comprised 45.6% of all deaths, birth defects 17.3%, cancer and leukaemias 12.5%, and infections 11.0%. Low birth weight, preterm birth, and young maternal age significantly increased the risk of death in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous children; single marital status was also a significant risk factor for non-Indigenous children. Conclusion - High quality data and appropriate classification systems are essential to enable effective monitoring of childhood deaths and the planning of preventive programmes. Further decreases in mortality rates might be dependent on ensuring that resources are directed towards improving social and economic conditions for Indigenous and other disadvantaged families. KW - Cause of death KW - Epidemiology KW - Mortality KW - Western Australia KW - accident KW - article KW - Australia KW - birth defect KW - childhood cancer KW - childhood leukemia KW - childhood mortality KW - female KW - high risk population KW - human KW - infection KW - low birth weight KW - male KW - maternal age KW - prematurity KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - Cause of Death KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mortality KW - Oceanic Ancestry Group KW - Risk Factors KW - Western Australia N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 10325753 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Read, A.W.; Division of Epidemiology, TVW Telethon Inst. Child Health Res., PO Box 855, Perth, WA 6872, Australia N1 - References: Deane, M., Child accident data: Accessible and available? (1993) J Public Health Med, 15, pp. 226-228; Sparks, G., Craven, M.A., Worth, C., Understanding differences between high and low childhood accident rate areas: The importance of qualitative data (1994) J Public Health Med, 16, pp. 439-446; MacKellar, A., Deaths from injury in childhood in Western Australia. 1983-1992 (1995) Medical Journal of Australia, 162, pp. 238-242; Addor, V., Santos-Eggimann, B., Population-based incidence of injuries among preschoolers (1996) Eur J Pediatr, 155, pp. 130-135; Jorgensen, I.M., Fatal unintentional child injuries in Denmark (1996) Dan Med Bull, 43, pp. 92-96; Rivara, F.P., Grossman, D.C., Prevention of traumatic deaths to children in the United States: How far have we come and where do we need to go? (1996) Pediatrics, 97, pp. 791-797; Read, A., Stanley, F., Postneonatal mortality in Western Australia 1970-1978 (1983) Australian Paediatric Journal, 19, pp. 18-22; Kliewer, E.V., Stanley, F.J., Stillbirths, neonatal and postneonatal mortality by race, birthweight and gestational age (1993) J Paediatr Child Health, 29, pp. 43-50; Alessandri, L.M., Read, A.W., Stanley, F.J., Burton, P.R., Dawes, V.P., Sudden infant death syndrome and infant mortality in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants (1994) J Paediatr Child Health, 30, pp. 242-247; Stanley, F.J., Croft, M., Gibbins, J., Read, A.W., A population database for maternal and child health research in Western Australia using record linkage (1994) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 8, pp. 433-447; Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death (1977) International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, , Geneva: World Health Organisation; Bower, C., Rudy, E., Ryan, A., Forbes, R., Grace, L., (1996) Report of the Birth Defects Registry of Western Australia, , King Edward Memorial Hospital, Centre for Women's Health, Subiaco: October; (1985) SAS Procedures Guide, Version 6, 3rd Ed., , SAS Institute Inc, Cary NC; Dean, A.G., Dean, J.A., Burton, A.H., Dicker, R.C., (1990) EpiInfo, Version 5, A Word Processing, Data Base, and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Microcomputers, , Stone Mountain, Georgia: USD Incorporated; Wadsworth, M., Kuh, D., Are gains in child health being undermined? (1993) Dev Med Child Neurol, 35, pp. 742-745; Elmen, H., Death rates and causes of death among children and youth in Goteborg, Sweden 1971-85 (1994) Scand J Soc Med, 22, pp. 249-255; Singh, G.K., Yu, S.M., US childhood mortality, 1950 through 1993: Trends and socioeconomic differentials (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 505-512; Moodie, P.M., Mortality and morbidity in Australian Aboriginal children (1969) Medical Journal of Australia, 1, pp. 180-185; Munoz, E., Powers, J.R., Mathews, J.D., Hospitalisation patterns in children from 10 Aboriginal communities in the Northern territory (1992) Medical Journal of Australia, 156, pp. 524-528; (1997) The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, , Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service; Young, T.K., Mortality pattern of isolated indians in northwestern Ontario: A 10-year review (1983) Public Health Rep, 98, pp. 467-475; MacWilliam, L., Mao, Y., Nicholls, E., Wigle, D.T., Fatal accidental childhood injuries in Canada (1987) Can J Public Health, 78, pp. 129-135; Trovato, F., Mortality differentials in Canada, 1951-1971: French, British and Indians (1988) Cult Med Psychiatry, 12, pp. 459-477; Torzillo, P., Kell, C., Contempory issues in Aboriginal public health (1991) The Health of Aboriginal Australia, pp. 326-380. , Reid J, Trompf P, eds. Sydney, Australia: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Group (Australia) Pty Ltd; Mare, R., Socioeconomic effects on child mortality in the United States (1982) Am J Public Health, 72, pp. 539-547; Wise, P.H., Kotelchuck, M., Wilson, M.L., Mills, M., Racial and socio-economic disparities in childhood mortality in Boston (1985) N Engl J Med, 313, pp. 360-366; Jolly, D.L., Nolan, T., Moller, J., Vimpani, G., The impact of poverty and disadvantage on child health (1991) J Paediatr Child Health, 27, pp. 203-217; Childhood injuries in the United States (1990) Am J Dis Child, 144, pp. 627-646; Read, A.W., Gibbins, J., Stanley, F.J., Morich, P., Hospital admissions before the age of 2 years in Western Australia (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 205-210; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal mortality (1963) The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh and London: E & S Livingstone Ltd; (1992) Proceedings of the International Collaborative Effort on Perinatal and Infant Mortality, , Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services; Judge, K., Benzeval, M., Health inequalities: New concerns about children of single mothers (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 677-680; Larson, C.P., Pless, I.B., Risk factors for injury in a 3-year-old birth cohort (1988) Am J Dis Child, 142, pp. 1052-1057; Scholer, S.J., Hickson, G.B., Mitchel, E.F., Ray, W.A., Persistently increased injury mortality rates in high-risk young children (1997) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 151, pp. 1216-1219; Roberts, I., Pless, B., Social policy as a cause of childhood accidents: The children of lone mothers (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 925-928; Roberts, I., Power, C., Does the decline in child injury mortality vary by social class? A comparison of class specific mortality in 1981 and 1991 (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 784-786; Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B., Butler, N., Family type and accidents in preschool children (1983) J Epidemiol Community Health, 37, pp. 100-104; Samuelsen, S.O., Borge, A.I., Magnus, P., Bakketeig, L.S., Temporal and regional trends in fatal childhood injuries in Norway 1971-1989 (1993) Scand J Soc Med, 21, pp. 17-23; Gaffney, B.P., Use of coroner's reports fur surveillance of accidental death (1993) J Public Health Med, 15, pp. 272-276; Laraque, D., Barlow, B., Durkin, M., Heagarty, M., Injury prevention in an urban setting: Challenges and successes (1995) Bull N Y Acad Med, 72, pp. 16-30; Murray, C.L.J., Lopez, A.D., Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global burden of disease study (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 1269-1276; Montgomery, L.E., Kiely, J.L., Pappas, G., The effects of poverty, race, and family structure on US children's health: Data from the NHIS, 1978 through 1980 and 1989 through 1991 (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 1401-1405; Marsh, P., Kendrick, D., Williams, E.I., Health visitors' knowledge, attitudes and practices in childhood accident prevention (1995) J Public Health Med, 17, pp. 193-199 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033067121&partnerID=40&md5=b61ea76b12df6c6b53fdbce48f134bd2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marital status transitions and psychological distress: Longitudinal evidence from a national population sample T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 381 EP - 389 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1017/S0033291798008149 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Hope, S. AU - Rodgers, B. AU - Power, C. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. Evidence is conflicting as to whether the association between marital status and psychological distress is due to selection (i.e. distress influences marital status) or causation (marital status influences distress). We investigate: (i) whether differences in psychological distress pre-date marital transitions; (ii) whether levels of distress change following transitions; and (iii) potential mediating and moderating factors. Methods. Data on psychological distress (indicated by the Malaise Inventory) and marital status at ages 23 and 33 were analysed for 4514 men and 4842 women from the 1958 birth cohort. Results. Higher levels of distress were found among the divorced and lower levels among the single and the married. Selection was seen in the lower initial mean symptoms of those who married (1.69 for men; 2.84 for women) compared to those remaining single (2.41 for men; 3.26 for women). Causation was indicated by the relative deterioration in distress of those who divorced compared to the continuously married (an increase of 0.31 and 0.03 respectively for men), especially in women (a decrease of 0.18 versus 0.71). This was most evident in women who were downwardly mobile and those with children. Recently separated men and women showed especially large increases in distress. Conclusions. The relationship between marital status and psychological distress involves selection and causation. Findings failed to support ideas of marriage being protective (through social support), or detrimental (through family roles). Divorce increased distress, with both acute and longer-term components moderated by secondary factors such as childcare and declining socio-economic status. KW - adult KW - article KW - child care KW - distress syndrome KW - divorce KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - marriage KW - normal human KW - social status KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Depressive Disorder KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Marital Status KW - Questionnaires KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :87 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 10218928 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Amato, P., Explaining the intergenerational transmission of divorce (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 628-640; Aneshensel, C.S., Frerichs, R.R., Clark, V.A., Family roles and sex differences in depression (1981) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, pp. 379-393; Anson, O., Marital-status and women's health revisited - The importance of a proximate adult (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 185-194; Aseltine, R.H., Kessler, R.C., Marital disruption and depression in a community sample (1993) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, pp. 237-251; Bebbington, P., The origins of sex differences in depressive disorder: Bridging the gap (1996) International Review of Psychiatry, 8, pp. 295-332; Bloom, B.L., Asher, S.J., White, S.W., Marital disruption as a stressor: A review and analysis (1978) Psychological Bulletin, 85, pp. 867-894; Booth, A., Amato, P., Divorce and psychological stress (1991) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, pp. 396-407; Bordow, S., (1992) An Analysis of Defended Custody Judgements, , Family Court of Australia, Office of the Chief Executive: Sydney, NSW; Doherty, W.J., Su, S., Needle, R., Marital disruption and psychological well-being (1989) Journal of Family Issues, 10, pp. 72-85; Dohrenwend, B.P., Dohrenwend, B.S., Sex differences and psychiatric disorders (1976) American Journal of Sociology, 81, pp. 1447-1454; Fern, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau and City University: London; Fox, J.W., Gove's specific sex-role theory of mental illness: A research note (1980) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, pp. 260-267; Gerstel, N., Riessman, C.K., Rosenfield, S., Explaining the symptomatology of separated and divorced women and men: The role of material conditions and social networks (1985) Social Forces, 64, pp. 84-101; Gore, S., Mangione, T.W., Social roles and psychological distress: Additive and interactive models of sex differences (1983) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, pp. 300-312; Gove, W.R., Sex differences in mental illness among adult men and women: An evaluation of four questions raised regarding the evidence on the higher rates of women (1978) Social Science and Medicine, 12 B, pp. 187-198; Horwitz, A.V., White, H.R., Howell-White, S., The use of multiple outcomes in stress research: A case study of gender differences in responses to marital dissolution (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 278-291; Hughes, M., Gove, W.R., Living alone, social integration, and mental health (1981) American Journal of Sociology, 87, pp. 48-74; Kelly, J.B., The determination of child custody (1994) Children and Divorce, 4, pp. 121-142; Kessler, R.C., McRae, J.A., A note on the relationships of sex and marital status to psychological distress (1984) Research in Community and Mental Health, 4, pp. 109-130; Kitson, G.C., Morgan, L.A., The multiple consequences of divorce: A decade review (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 913-924; Mastekaasa, A., Marriage and psychological well-being: Some evidence on selection into marriage (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 901-911; Maughan, B., Lindelow, M., Secular change in psychosocial risks: The case of teenage motherhood (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 1129-1144; Meltzer, H., Gill, B., Petticrew, M., Hinds, K., (1995) The Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity among Adults Living in Private Households, I, , HMSO: London; Menaghan, E.G., Depressive affect and subsequent divorce (1985) Journal of Family Issues, 6, pp. 295-306; Menaghan, E.G., Lieberman, M.A., Changes in depression following divorce: A panel study (1986) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, pp. 319-328; Merikangas, K.R., Divorce and assortative mating among depressed patients (1984) American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, pp. 74-76; Newcomb, M.D., Pseudomaturity among adolescents -construct-validation, sex differences, and associations in adulthood (1996) Journal of Drug Issues, 26, pp. 477-504; Pearlin, L.I., Johnson, J.S., Marital status, life-strains and depression (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 704-715; Robins, L.N., Locke, B.Z., Regier, D.A., An overview of psychiatric disorders in America (1991) Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologie Catchment Area Study, pp. 328-366. , (ed. L. N. Robins and D. A. Regier). Free Press: New York; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.A., The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: A national population survey (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; Romans-Clarkson, S.E., Wallon, V.A., Herbison, G.P., Mullen, P.E., Marriage, motherhood and psychiatric morbidity in New Zealand (1988) Psychological Medicine, 18, pp. 983-990; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman: London; Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression (1977) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 98-111; Weissman, M.M., Bruce, M.L., Leaf, P.J., Holzer, C., Affective disorders (1991) Psychiatric Disorders, the Epidemiologie Catchment Area Study, pp. 53-80. , (ed. L. N. Robins and D. A. Regier). Free Press: New York; Wertlieb, D., Budman, S., Demby, A., Randall, M., Marital separation and health: Stress and intervention (1984) Journal of Human Stress, 10, pp. 18-26; Wyke, S., Ford, G., Competing explanations for associations between marital status and health (1992) Social Science and Medicine, 34, pp. 523-532 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033065037&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291798008149&partnerID=40&md5=21899ee3226a35aa8fdfef61c8e1794d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mild mental retardation: Psychosocial functioning in adulthood T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - Psychol. Med. VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 351 EP - 366 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1017/S0033291798008058 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Maughan, B. AU - Collishaw, S. AU - Pickles, A. AD - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AD - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Social, Genetic Devmtl. Psychiat. R., Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom AB - Background. Evidence on the adult adaptation of individuals with mild mental retardation (MMR) is sparse, and knowledge of the factors associated with more and less successful functioning in MMR samples yet more limited. Method. Prospective data from the National Child Development Study were used to examine social circumstances and psychosocial functioning in adulthood in individuals with MMR and in a non-retarded comparison group. Results. For many individuals with MMR, living circumstances and social conditions in adulthood were poor and potential stressors high. Self-reports of psychological distress in adulthood were markedly elevated, but relative rates of psychiatric service use fell between childhood and adulthood, as reflected in attributable risks. Childhood family and social disadvantage accounted for some 20-30% of variations between MMR and non-retarded samples on a range of adult outcomes. Early social adversity also played a significant role in contributing to variations in functioning within the MMR sample. Conclusions. MMR appears to be associated with substantial continuing impairment for many individuals. KW - article KW - distress syndrome KW - female KW - health care utilization KW - human KW - male KW - mental deficiency KW - mental health care KW - normal human KW - social aspect KW - social psychology KW - stress KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Depressive Disorder KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Mental Retardation KW - Parenting KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Prospective Studies KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Social Adjustment KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment KW - Social Support N1 - Cited By :61 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 10218926 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Maughan, B.; MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed., , American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC; Birch, H.G., Richardson, S.A., Baird, D., Horobin, G., Ilsley, R., (1970) Mental Subnormality in the Community: A Clinical and Epidemiological Study, , Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore; Borthwick-Duffy, S.A., Epidemiology and prevalence of psychopathology in people with mental retardation (1994) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, pp. 17-27; Borthwick-Duffy, S.A., Eyman, R.K., Who are the dually diagnosed? (1990) American Journal on Mental Retardation, 94, pp. 586-595; Brick, J.M., Kalton, G., Handling missing data in survey research (1996) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 5, pp. 215-238; Broman, S., Nichols, P.L., Shaughnessy, P., Kennedy, W., (1987) Retardation in Young Children: A Developmental Study of Cognitive Deficit, , Lawrence Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; Bruininks, R.H., Thurlow, M.L., McGrew, K.S., Lewis, D.R., Dimensions of community adjustment among young adults with intellectual disabilities (1990) Key Issues in Mental Retardation Research, pp. 435-448. , (ed. W. I. Fraser), Routledge: London; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1962) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone: Edinburgh; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven. The Second Report of the National Child Development Study, , Longman in association with the National Children's Bureau: London; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , MacGibbon & Kee: London; Dunn, G., Compensating for missing data in psychiatric surveys (1997) Epidemiologia e Psichiatrica Sociale, 6, pp. 159-162; Edgerton, R.B., (1984) Lives in Process: Mildly Retarded Adults in a Large City, , AAMD: Washington, DC; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau: London; Fogelman, K., (1980) NCDS Tests: Reliability and Other Aspects of Reading and Mathematics Tests at 11 and 16 Years, , NCDS User Support Group. Mimeograph; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , Macmillan: London; Granat, K., Granat, S., Adjustment of intellectually below-average men not identified as mentally retarded (1978) Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 19, pp. 41-51; Howlin, P., Special educational treatment (1994) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches, 3rd Edn., pp. 1071-1088. , (ed. M. Rutter, E. Taylor and L. Hersov). Blackwell Scientific: Oxford; Huber, P.J., The behaviour of maximum likelihood estimates under non-standard conditions (1967) Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1, pp. 221-233; Jacobson, J.W., Problem behavior and psychiatric impairment within a developmentally disabled population: I. Behavior frequency (1982) Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 3, pp. 121-139; King, M., At risk drinking among general practice attenders. Validation of the CAGE questionnaire (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 213-217; Koller, H., Richardson, S.A., Katz, M., Marriage in a young adult mentally retarded population (1988) Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 32, pp. 93-102; Koller, H., Richardson, S.A., Katz, M., Peer relationships of mildly retarded young adults living in the community (1988) Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 32, pp. 321-331; Kushlick, A., Blunden, R., The epidemiology of mental subnormality (1974) Mental Deficiency: The Changing Outlook 3rd Edn, pp. 31-41. , (ed. A. M. Clarke and A. D. B. Clarke). Methuen: London; Lindsay, W.R., Michie, A.M., Baty, F.J., Smith, A.H.W., Miller, S., The consistency of reports about feelings and emotions from people with intellectual disability (1994) Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 38, pp. 61-66; MacMillan, D.L., (1982) Mental Retardation in School and Society, 2nd Edn., , Little. Brown: Boston; MacMillan, D.L., Gresham, F.M., Siperstein, G.N., Conceptual and psychometric concerns about the 1992 AAMR definition of mental retardation (1993) American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, pp. 325-335; Manikam, R., Matson, J.L., Coe, D.A., Hillman, N., Adolescent depression: Relationships of self-report to intellectual and adaptive functioning (1995) Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16, pp. 349-364; Mayfield, D., McCleod, G., Hall, P., The CAGE questionnaire. Validation of a new alcohol screening instrument (1974) American Journal of Psychiatry, 131, pp. 1121-1123; (1993) Biological Psychiatry Field Review, , Medical Research Council: London; Penrose, L.S., (1963) The Biology of Mental Defect, , Sidgwick & Jackson: London; Pickles, A., Dunn, G., Vasquez-Barquero, J.L., Screening for stratification in two-phase epidemiological surveys (1995) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 4, pp. 73-89; Potter, F.J., Survey of procedures to control extreme sampling weights (1988) Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, American Statistical Association, pp. 453-458; Richardson, S.A., Koller, H., Vulnerability and resilience in adults who were classified as mildly mentally handicapped in childhood (1992) Vulnerability and Resilience in Human Development, pp. 102-123. , (ed. B. Tizard and V. Varma). Routledge and Keegan Paul: London; Richardson, S.A., Koller, H., (1996) Twenty-two Years. Causes and Consequences of Mental Retardation, , Harvard University Press: Cambridge; Richardson, S.A., Koller, H., Katz, M., Continuities and change in behavior disturbance: A follow-up study of mildly retarded young people (1985) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, pp. 220-229; Richardson, S.A., Koller, H., Katz, M., Relationship of upbringing to later behavior disturbance of mildly mentally retarded young people (1985) American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 90, pp. 1-8; Richardson, S.A., Koller, H., Katz, M., Job histories in open employment of a population of young adults with mental retardation: I (1988) American Journal on Mental Retardation, 92, pp. 483-491; Richardson, S.A., Katz, M., Koller, H., Patterns of leisure activities of young adults with mild mental retardation (1993) American Journal on Mental Retardation, 97, pp. 431-442; Robins, L.N., Sturdy childhood predictors of adult antisocial behavior: Replications from longitudinal studies (1978) Psychological Medicine, 8, pp. 611-622; Roeleveld, N., Zielhuis, G.A., Gabreëls, F., The prevalence of mental retardation: A critical review (1997) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 39, pp. 125-132; Ross, T.T., Begap, M.J., Dondis, E.H., Gianpiccolo, J.S., Meyers, C.E., (1985) Lives of the Mentally Retarded: A Forty-year Follow-up Study, , Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman and Green: London; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Yule, W., Graham, P., Whitmore, K., Research report: Isle of Wight studies 1964-1974 (1976) Psychological Medicine, 6, pp. 313-332; Scott, S., Mental retardation (1994) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches 3rd Edn., pp. 616-646. , (ed. M. Rutter, E. Taylor and L. Hersov). Blackwell Scientic: Oxford; Simonoff, E., Bolton, P., Rutter, M., Mental retardation: Genetic findings, clinical implications and research agenda (1996) Journa. of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, pp. 259-280; (1997) Stata Statistical Software: Release 5.0, , Stata Corporation: College Station, TX; Stott, D.H., (1966) The Social Adjustment of Children. Manual to the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides 3rd Edn., , University of London Press: London; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.J.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Weaver, T.R., The incidence of maladjustment among mental defectives in military environments (1946) American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 51, pp. 238-246; Wedge, P., The second follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 34-39; Widaman, K.F., Borthwick-Duffy, S.A., Little, T.D., The structure and development of adaptive behaviors (1991) International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 17, pp. 1-54; (1992) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines, , WHO: Geneva; Yule, W., Identifying maladjusted children (1968) 'The Child and the Outside World', 29th Biennial Conference of the Association for Special Education, , Coventry, August 1968; Zoccolillo, M., Pickles, A., Quinton, D., Rutter, M., The outcome of childhood conduct disorder: Implications for defining adult personality disorder and conduct disorder (1992) Psychological Medicine, 22, pp. 971-986 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033023020&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291798008058&partnerID=40&md5=c402c373480bc6f085a67656f456413e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pleural mesothelioma in Sweden: An analysis of the incidence according to the use of asbestos T2 - Occupational and Environmental Medicine J2 - Occup. Environ. Med. VL - 56 IS - 2 SP - 110 EP - 113 PY - 1999 SN - 13510711 (ISSN) AU - Järvholm, B. AU - Englund, A. AU - Albin, M. AD - Department of Occupational Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 85 Umeå, Sweden AD - Department of Medical Affairs, Natl. Board of Occup. Safety/Health, S-171 84 Solna, Sweden AD - Department of Occupational Medicine, Lund University, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden AB - Objective - To investigate if the preventive measures taken to reduce the occupational exposure to asbestos have resulted in a decreased incidence of pleural mesothelioma in Sweden. Methods - The incidence of pleural mesothelioma between 1958 and 1995 for birth cohorts born between 1885 and 1964 was investigated. The cases of pleural mesothelioma were identified through the Swedish Cancer Register. Results - In 1995, around 80 cases of pleural mesothelioma could be attributed to occupational exposure to asbestos. There is an increasing incidence in more recent birth cohorts in men. The incidence was considerably higher in the male cohort born between 1935 and 1944 than in men born earlier. Conclusions - The annual incidence of pleural mesothelioma attributable to occupational exposure to asbestos is today larger than all fatal occupational accidents in Sweden. The first asbestos regulation was adopted in 1964 and in the mid 1970s imports of raw asbestos decreased drastically. Yet there is no obvious indication that the preventive measures have decreased the risk of pleural mesothelioma. The long latency indicates that the effects of preventive measures in the 1970s could first be evaluated around 2005. KW - Attributable risk KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupation KW - asbestos KW - chrysotile KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer registry KW - female KW - human KW - latent period KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - occupational exposure KW - occupational health KW - pleura mesothelioma KW - priority journal KW - Sweden KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Asbestos KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Mesothelioma KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Pleural Neoplasms KW - Registries KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :73 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: OEMEE C2 - 10448315 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jarvholm, B.; Dept Occupational Environmental Med, Umea University, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden; email: bengt.jarvholm@envmed.umu.se N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Asbestos, 1332-21-4 N1 - References: Johansson, I., (1992) Asbestos Related Disease: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Examinations, , [thesis]. Lund, Sweden: Lund University; Parion, J.C., Orlowdki, E., Iwatsubo, Y., Pleural mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos: Evaluation from work histories and analysis of asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissue in 131 patients (1994) Occup Environ Med, 51, pp. 244-249; Tuomi, T., Huuskonen, M., Tammilehto, I., Occupational exposure to asbestos as evaluated from work histories and analysis of lung tissues from patients with mesothelioma (1991) Br J Ind Med, 48, pp. 48-52; Albin, M., Johansson, I., Pooley, F.D., Mineral fibres, fibrosis, and asbestos bodies in lung tissue from deceased asbestos cement workers (1990) Br J Ind Med, 47, pp. 767-774; Sandén, I., Järvholm, B., Larsson, S., The risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma after cessation of asbestos exposure: A prospective cohort study of shipyard workers (1992) Eur Respir J, 5, pp. 281-285; Järvholm, B., Malker, H., Malker, B., Pleural mesotheliomas and asbestos exposure in the pulp and paper industries: A new risk group identified by linkage of official registers (1988) Am J Ind Med, 13, pp. 561-567; Sandén, I., Järvholm, B., Näslund, P.E., Mortality and morbidity of Swedish insulation workers (1984) Scand J Work Environ Health, 10, p. 207; Engholm, G., Englund, A., Fletcher, A.C., Respiratory cancer incidence in Swedish construction workers exposed to man-made mineral fibres and asbestos (1987) Ann Occup Hyg, 31, pp. 663-675; (1985) Handlingsprogram mot Asbest (Actions Programme against Asbestos), p. 16. , Stockholm: Ministry of Labour. (DsA 1985:5, in Swedish.); Albin, M., Jakobsson, K., Attewell, R., Mortality and cancer morbidity in cohorts of asbestos cement workers and referents (1990) Br J Ind Med, 47, pp. 602-610; Peto, J., Hodgson, Jt., Matthews, Fe., Continuing increase in mesothelioma mortality in Britain (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 535-539; Karjalainen, A., Pukkala, E., Mattson, K., Trends in mesothelioma incidence and occupational mesotheliomas in Finland in 1960-95 (1997) Scand J Work Environ Health, 23, pp. 266-270; Price, B., An analysis of current trends in United States meothelioma incidence (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 211-218; Cohort mortality in Sweden (1997) Demografiska Rapporter 1997, p. 2. , Stockholm: Statistics Sweden; Järvholm, B., Larsson, S., Hagberg, S., Quantitative importance of asbestosis as a cause of lung cancer in a Swedish industrial city: A case referent study (1993) Eur Respir J, 6, pp. 1271-1275; Andersson, E., Torén, K., Pleural mesotheliomas are underreported as occupational cancer in Sweden (1995) Am J Ind Med, 27, pp. 577-580; Peto, J., Henderson, B.E., Pike, M.C., Trends in mesothelioma incidence in the United States and the forecast epidemic due to asbestos exposure during World War II (1981) Occupational Cancer 1951-69, , Peto R, Schneiderman M, eds. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. (Banbury, Report 9.); Vianna, N.J., Polan, A.K., Non-occupational exposure to asbestos and malignant mesothelioma in females (1978) Lancet, 1, pp. 1061-1063; Damber, L.A., Larsson, L.G., Occupation and male lung cancer: A case-control study in northern Sweden (1987) Br J Ind Med, 44, pp. 446-453; Hughes, J.M., Weill, H., Asbestos exposure: Quantitative assessment of risk (1986) Am Rev Respir Dis, 133, pp. 5-13 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032940318&partnerID=40&md5=357cd1a3a13e6e45d18749bcc2c08d8f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is there an underclass in Britain? T2 - British Journal of Sociology J2 - Brit. J. Sociol. VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 75 PY - 1999 SN - 00071315 (ISSN) AU - Buckingham, A. AB - This paper sets out to define the underclass and then test the predictions of three competing theories in the underclass debate. Using the National Child Development Study for the analysis it is found that an 'underclass' suffering from a lack of qualifications, low cognitive ability and chronic joblessness exists. The validity of making a distinction between the working class and an 'underclass' has often been questioned both because of the dubious history of such a distinction and because it is not believed that such a distinction is empirically true. The results in this paper contradict this assertion by finding the underclass to be distinctive from the working class in terms of patterns of family formation, work commitment and political allegiance. The distinct attitudes of the underclass, when coupled with evidence of inter-and intra-generational stability of membership, provide early evidence that a new social class, the underclass, may now exist in Britain. KW - Attitudes KW - Behaviour KW - Deserving and undeserving KW - National Child Development Study KW - Social class KW - Underclass KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - child development KW - classification KW - economics KW - educational status KW - employment KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - motivation KW - poverty KW - psychological aspect KW - social class KW - statistical model KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Motivation KW - Poverty KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15266674 LA - English N1 - References: Auletta, K., (1982) The Underclass, , New York: Random House; Bagguley, P., Mann, K., Idle Thieving Bastards? Scholarly Representations of the "Underclass" (1992) Work, Employment and Society, 6, pp. 113-126; Coulter, F., Differences in Needs and Assessment of Income Distribution (1992) Bulletin of Economic Research, 44, pp. 77-124; Dahrendorf, R., The Erosion of Citizenship and the Consequences for All of Us (1987) New Statesman, , 12 June; Dennis, N., Erdos, G., (1992) Families Without Fatherhood, , London: Institute of Economic Affairs; Field, F., (1989) Losing Out, , Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Gallie, D., Employment, Unemployment and Social Stratification (1988) Employment in Britain, pp. 465-492. , D. Gallie (ed.) Oxford: Blackwell; Are the Unemployed an Underclass? Some Evidence from the Social Change in Economic Life Initiative (1994) Sociology, 28, pp. 737-757; Gershuny, J., Marsh, C., Unemployment in Work Histories (1994) Social Change and the Experience of Unemployment, , in D. Gallie, C. Marsh and C. Vogler (eds) Oxford: Oxford University Press; Giddens, A., (1973) The Class Structure of Advanced Societies, , London: Hutchinson; Heath, A., The Attitudes of the Underclass (1992) Understanding the Underclass, , Smith (ed.) London: Policy Studies Institute; Heath, A., (1985) How Britain Votes, , Oxford: Pergamon; Herrnstein, R., Murray, C., (1994) The Bell Curve, , New York: Free Press; Jordan, B., Redley, M., Polarisation, Underclass and the Welfare State (1994) Work, Employment and Society, 8, pp. 153-176; Lee, P., Housing and Spatial Deprivation: Relocating the Underclass and the New Urban Poor (1994) Urban Studies, 31, pp. 1191-1209; Macnicol, J., In Pursuit of the Underclass (1987) Journal of Social Policy, 16, pp. 193-218; Magnet, M., (1993) The Dream and the Nightmare, , New York: William Morrow and Company; Marshall, G., Roberts, S., Burgoyne, C., Social Class and the Underclass in Britain and the USA (1996) British Journal of Sociology, 47 (1), pp. 22-44; Marshall, G., Rose, D., Newby, H., Vogler, C., (1988) Social Class in Modern Britain, , London: Unwin Hyman; Mead, L., The Obligation to Work and the Availability of Jobs: A Dialogue Between Lawrence M. Mead and William Julius Wilson (1987) Focus, 10, pp. 11-19; Menard, S., (1995) Applied Logistic Regression Analysis, , Thousand Oaks: Sage; Morris, L., (1994) Dangerous Classes, , London: Routledge; Morris, L., Irwin, S., Employment Histories and the Concept of the Underclass (1992) Sociology, 26, pp. 401-420; Morris, L., Scott, J., The Attenuation of Class Analysis: Some Comments on G. Marshall, S. Roberts and C. Burgoyne, "Social Class and the Underclass in Britain and the USA" (1996) British Journal of Sociology, 47 (1), pp. 45-55; Murray, C., (1984) Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-1980, , New York: Basic Books; (1990) The Emerging British Underclass, , London: Institute of Economic Affairs; Ricketts, E., Sawhill, I., Defining and Measuring the Underclass (1988) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 7, pp. 316-325; Saunders, P., (1990) A Nation of Homeowners, , London: Unwin Hyman; Social Mobility in Britain: An Empirical Evaluation of Two Competing Explanations (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 261-288; Smith, D., Defining the Underclass (1992) Understanding the Underclass, , D. Smith (ed.) London: Policy Studies Institute; Tienda, M., Stier, H., Generating Labor Market Inequality: Employment Opportunities and the Accumulation of Disadvantage (1996) Social Problems, 43, pp. 147-165; Wilson, W., (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0039842729&partnerID=40&md5=f325d18ceb174de5c04693581ccd55b7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Class inequality and meritocracy: a critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis. T2 - The British journal of sociology J2 - Br J Sociol VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 27 PY - 1999 SN - 00071315 (ISSN) AU - Breen, R. AU - Goldthorpe, J.H. AD - European University Institute, Florence. AB - Saunders' recent work claiming that contemporary British society is to a large extent 'meritocratic' is criticized on conceptual and technical grounds. A reanalysis of the National Child Development Study data-set, used by Saunders, is presented. This reveals that while merit, defined in terms of ability and effort, does play a part in determining individuals' class destinations, the effect of class origins remains strong. Children of less advantaged class origins need to show substantially more merit than children from more advantaged origins in order to gain similar class positions. These differences in findings to some extent arise from the correction of biases introduced by Saunders; but there are also features of his own results, consistent with those reported in the reanalysis, which he appears not to have fully appreciated. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - motivation KW - social class KW - statistical model KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Motivation KW - Social Class KW - Social Mobility N1 - Cited By :48 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 15266672 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Breen, R. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0039634167&partnerID=40&md5=d0598ecb33dacf3bae2641bf32038d39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis T2 - British Journal of Sociology J2 - Brit. J. Sociol. VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - X EP - 27 PY - 1999 SN - 00071315 (ISSN) AU - Breen, R. AU - Goldthorpe, J.H. AB - Saunders' recent work claiming that contemporary British society is to a large extent 'meritocratic' is criticized on conceptual and technical grounds. A reanalysis of the National Child Development Study data-set, used by Saunders, is presented. This reveals that while merit, defined in terms of ability and effort, does play a part in determining individuals' class destinations, the effect of class origins remains strong. Children of less advantaged class origins need to show substantially more merit than children from more advantaged origins in order to gain similar class positions. These differences in findings to some extent arise from the correction of biases introduced by Saunders; but there are also features of his own results, consistent with those reported in the reanalysis, which he appears not to have fully appreciated. KW - Inequality KW - Merit KW - Mobility KW - Social class N1 - Cited By :47 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Bell, D., On Meritocracy and Equality (1972) The Public Interest, 29, pp. 29-68; (1973) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, , New York: Basic Books; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: Wiley; Breen, R., Individual Level Models for Mobility Tables and Other Cross-Classifications (1994) Sociological Methods and Research, 23, pp. 147-173; Breen, R., Rottman, D., Class Analysis and Class Theory (1995) Sociology, 29, pp. 453-473; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1992) The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Fischer, C.S., (1996) Inequality by Design: Cracking the Bell Curve Myth, , Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , London: Macmillan and National Children's Bureau; Freedman, D., As Others See Us: A Case Study in Path Analysis (1992) The Role of Models in Nonexperimental Social Science: Two Debates, , J. P. Shaffer (ed.) Washington DC: American Educational Research Association and American Statistical Association; Glass, D.V., (1954) Social Mobility in Britain, , London: Routledge; Goldberger, A.S., Manski, C.F., The Bell Curve by Herrnstein and Murray (1995) Journal of Economic Literature, 33, pp. 762-776; Goldthorpe, J.H., A Response (1990) John H. Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , J. Clark, C. Modgil and S. Modgil (eds) London: Falmer; Problems of "Meritocracy" (1996) Can Education Be Equalized?, , R. Erikson and J. O. Jonsson eds Boulder, Col.: Westview Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., Llewellyn, C., Payne, C., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, 2nd Ed., , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Hauser, R.M., A Structural Model of the Mobility Table (1978) Social Forces, 56, pp. 919-953; Heath, A.F., McDonald, S.-K., Social Change and the Future of the Left (1987) Political Quarterly, 53, pp. 364-377; Heath, A.F., Mills, C., Roberts, J., Towards Meritocracy? Recent Evidence on an Old Problem (1992) Social Research and Social Reform, , A. F. Heath and C. Crouch (eds) Oxford: Clarendon Press; Heckman, J.J., Lessons from the Bell Curve (1995) Journal of Political Economy, 103, pp. 1091-1120; Herrnstein, R.J., Murray, C., (1994) The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, , New York: Free Press; Jonsson, J.O., Education, Social Mobility and Social Reproduction in Sweden (1991) Scandinavian Trends in Welfare and Living Conditions, , E. J. Hansen et al. (eds) Armonck, N.Y.: Sharpe; Kerckhoff, A., (1990) Getting Started: Transition to Adulthood in Great Britain, , Boulder: Westview; (1993) Diverging Pathways, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; King, G., How Not to Lie with Statistics: Avoiding Common Mistakes in Quantitative Political Science (1986) American Journal of Political Science, 30, pp. 666-687; Kruskal, W., Majors, R., Concepts of Relative Importance in Recent Scientific Literature (1989) American Statistician, 43, pp. 2-6; Logan, J.A., A Multivariate Model for Mobility Tables (1983) American Journal of Sociology, 89, pp. 324-349; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Social Class and Social Justice (1993) British Journal of Sociology, 44, pp. 187-211; Merit and Mobility: A Reply to Peter Saunders (1996) Sociology, 30, pp. 375-386; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Roberts, S., (1997) Against the Odds? Social Class and Social Justice in Industrial Societies, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Micklewright, J., Choice at Sixteen (1989) Economica, 56, pp. 25-39; (1995) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , London: City University; Noble, T., Occupational Mobility and Social Change in Britain (1995) Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, 27, pp. 65-90; Payne, G., (1987) Mobility and Change in Modern Society, , London: Macmillan; Rubin, D.B., (1987) Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys, , New York: Wiley; Saunders, P., (1996) Unequal but Fair? A Study of Class Barriers in Britain, , London: IEA; Social Mobility in Britain: An Empirical Evaluation of Two Competing Theories (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 261-288; Savage, M., Egerton, M., Social Mobility, Individual Ability and the Inheritance of Class Inequality (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 645-672; Shaffer, J.P., (1992) The Role of Models in Nonexperimental Social Science: Two Debates, , Washington DC: American Educational Research Association and American Statistical Association; Treiman, D.J., Industrialization and Social Stratification (1970) Social Stratification: Research and Theory for the 1970s, , E. O. Laumann (ed.) Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill; Treiman, D.J., Ganzeboom, H.G.B., Cross-National Comparative Status Attainment Research (1990) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 9, pp. 105-127; Vermunt, J.K., (1997) Log-Linear Models for Event Histories, , Thousand Oaks: Sage; Young, M., (1958) The Rise of the Meritocracy, , Harmondsworth: Penguin UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17544401531&partnerID=40&md5=71139b659940abd054d9e76b0f6e7f3b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obstetric complications and the risk of schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of a National Birth Cohort T2 - Archives of General Psychiatry J2 - Arch. Gen. Psychiatry VL - 56 IS - 3 SP - 234 EP - 240 PY - 1999 SN - 0003990X (ISSN) AU - Dalman, C. AU - Allebeck, P. AU - Cullberg, J. AU - Grunewald, C. AU - Köster, M. AD - Stockholm Co. Child Adol. Pub. H., Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Center for Psychosis Research, South Stockholm Health Authority, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Center for Epidemiology, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Social Medicine, Vasa Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden AD - Sodra Stockholms Sjukvardsomrade, Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Psychosis Research, PO Box 4402, S-102 68 Stockholm, Sweden AB - Background: Numerous epidemiological studies found an increased risk of schizophrenia among persons exposed to various obstetric complications. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Objective: To study specific risk factors, as well as sets of risk factors, representing 3 different etiologic mechanisms: (1) malnutrition during fetal life; (2) extreme prematurity; and (3) hypoxia or ischemia. Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study, information in the National Birth Register was linked to the National Inpatient Register. We followed up 507 516 children born between 1973 and 1977 with regard to a diagnosis of schizophrenia between 1987 and 1995 (238 cases). By record linkage, we also had access to data on psychiatric illness in the mother. Occurrence of schizophrenia was measured by the Mantel- Haenszel test and logistic regression. Results: A number of specific risk factors were associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) for preeclampsia was 2.5 (1.4-4.5); vacuum extraction, 1.7 (1.1-2.6); and malformations, 2.4 (1.2-5.1). In logistic regression models, we found that indicators of all 3 etiologic mechanisms were associated with increased point estimates of schizophrenia, although at lower risk levels. Preeclampsia, an indicator of fetal malnutrition, was the only risk factor with statistically significant increased risk after control for all potentially confounding factors. Conclusion: This study supports the theory of an association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia. Although preeclampsia was the strongest individual risk factor, there was evidence of increased risk associated with all 3 etiologic mechanisms. KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - fetus hypoxia KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - malnutrition KW - mental disease KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy complication KW - prematurity KW - psychosis KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - Abnormalities KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Placental Insufficiency KW - Pre-Eclampsia KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Registries KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Sweden KW - Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical N1 - Cited By :229 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ARGPA C2 - 10078500 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dalman, C.; Sodra Stockholms Sjukvardsomrade, Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Psychosis Research, PO Box 4402, S-102 68 Stockholm, Sweden; email: christina.dalman@smd.sll.se N1 - References: Murray, R.M., Lewis, S.W., Reveley, A.M., Towards an aetiological classification of schizophrenia (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 1023-1026; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Lewis, S.W., Owen, M.J., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: Methodology and mechanisms (1989) Schizophrenia: Scientific Progress, pp. 56-68. , Schulz SC, Tamminga CA, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Sjöström, K., Obstetric complications as antecedents of schizophrenia: Empirical effects of using different obstetric complication scales (1994) J Psychiatr Res., 28, pp. 519-530; McNeil, T.F., Sjöström, K., (1994) The McNeil-Sjöström OC Scale: A Comprehensive Scale for Measuring Obstetric Complications, , Malmö, Sweden: Lund University; Kendell, R.E., Juszczak, E., Cole, S.K., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case control study based on standardised obstetric records (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 168, pp. 556-561; McNeil, T.F., Kaij, L., Obstetric factors in the development of schizophrenia: Complications in the births of preschizophrenics and in reproduction by schizophrenic parents (1978) The Nature of Schizophrenia, pp. 401-429. , New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; O'Dwyer, J.M., Schizophrenia in people with intellectual disability: The role of pregnancy and birth complications (1997) J Intellect Disabil Res., 41, pp. 238-251; Kunugi, H., Takei, N., Murray, R.M., Saito, K., Nanko, S., Small head circumference at birth in schizophrenia (1996) Schizophr Res., 20, pp. 165-170; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Nordström, L.G., Rosenlund, T., Head circumference in "preschizophrenic" and control neonates (1993) Br J Psychiatry, 162, pp. 517-523; Rifkin, L., Lewis, S., Jones, P., Toone, B., Murray, R., Low birth weight and schizophrenia (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 165, pp. 357-362; Lane, E., Albee, G.W., Comparative birth weights of schizophrenics and their siblings (1966) J Psychol., 64, pp. 227-231; Torrey, E.F., Birth weights, perinatal insults, and HLA types: Return to "original sin." (1977) Schizophr Bull., 3, pp. 347-351; Lewis, S.W., Chitkara, B., Reveley, A.M., Murray, R.M., Family history and birthweight in monozygote twins concordant and discordant for psychosis (1987) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 36, pp. 267-273; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikalnen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 north Finland general population birth cohort (1998) Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Hollister, J.M., Laing, P., Mednick, S.A., Rhesus incompatibility as a risk factor for schizophrenia in male adults (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 19-24; O'Callaghan, E., Givson, T., Colohan, H.A., Buckley, P., Walshe, D.G., Larkin, C., Waddington, J.L., Risk of schizophrenia in adults born after obstetric complications and their association with early onset of illness: A controlled study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 1256-1259; Hultman, C.M., Öhman, A., Cnattingius, S., Wieselgren, I.M., Lindström, L.H., Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia (1997) Br J Psychiatry, 170, pp. 128-133; Günther-Genta, F., Bovet, P., Hohlfeld, P., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case-control study (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 164, pp. 165-170; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Heun, R., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: An international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data (1997) Am J Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Teasdale, T.W., Schulsinger, H., Feldman, P.M., Mednick, S.A., Perinatal complications and clinical outcome with the schizophrenia spectrum (1982) Br J Psychiatry, 140, pp. 416-420; McCreadie, R.G., Hall, D.J., Berry, I.J., Robertson, L.J., Ewing, J.I., Geals, M.F., The Nithsdale schizophrenia surveys, X: Obstetric complications, family history, and abnormal movements (1992) Br J Psychiatry, 160, pp. 799-805; Guy, J.D., Majorski, L.V., Wallace, C.J., Guy, M.P., The incidence of minor physical anomalies in adult male schizophrenics (1983) Schizophr Bull., 9, pp. 571-582; Green, M.F., Satz, P., Gaier, D.J., Ganzell, S., Kharabi, F., Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia (1989) Schizophr Bull., 15, pp. 91-99; Susser, E., Hoek, H.W., Brown, A., Neurodevelopmental disorders after prenatal famine: The story of the Dutch Famine Study (1998) Am J Epidemiol., 147, pp. 213-216; Strömgren, E., Changes in the incidence of schizophrenia? (1987) Br J Psychiatry, 150, pp. 1-7; Lewis, S., Sex and schizophrenia: Vive la différence (1992) Br J Psychiatry, 161, pp. 445-450; Kirov, G., Jones, P.B., Harvey, I., Lewis, S.W., Toone, B.K., Rifkin, L., Sham, P., Murray, R.M., Do obstetric complications cause the earlier age at onset in male than female schizophrenics? (1996) Schizophr Res., 20, pp. 117-124; Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance, and risk of schizophrenia (1987) J Psychiatr Res., 21, pp. 413-421; Lewis, S.W., Stewart, A., Complications of pregnancy and delivery and psychosis in adult life (1991) BMJ, 303, p. 582; Verdoux, H., Bourgeois, M., A comparative study of obstetric history in schizophrenics, bipolar patients and normal subjects (1993) Schizophr Res., 9, pp. 67-69; Volpe, J.J., (1987) Neurology of the Newborn. 2nd Ed., , Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; Dobbing, J., Nutrition and brain development (1979) Perinatal Medicine, , Thallummer O, Baumgarten K, Poltak A, eds. New York, NY: Thieme-Stratton Inc; Alvarez, M.D., Villamil, M., Keyes, G., Predictive factors in the genesis of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants (1994) P R Health Sci J., 13, pp. 251-254; Bherman, R.E., Kliegman, R.M., Arvin, A.M., (1996) Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 15th Ed., , Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Obstetric complications in children born to parents with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of case-control studies (1996) Psychol Med., 26, pp. 279-287; Kristjansson, E., Allebeck, P., Wistedt, B., Validity of the dianosis schizophrenia in a psychiatric inpatient register (1987) Nord J Psychiatry, 41, pp. 229-234; Mortensen, P.B., Allebeck, P., Munk-Jorgensen, P., Population-based registers in psychiatric inpatient register (1996) Nord J Psychiatry, 50 (36 SUPPL.), pp. 67-72; Cnattiagius, S., Ericson, A., Gunnarskog, J., Källén, B., A quality study of a medical birth registry (1990) Scand J Soc Med., 18, pp. 143-148; Ericson, A., Eriksson, M., Källen, B., Zetterström, R., Methods for the evaluation of social effects of birth weight: Experiences with Swedish population registries (1993) Scand J Soc Med., 21, pp. 69-76; (1977) International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision (ICD-8), , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; Maršál, K., Persson, P.-H., Larsen, T., Lilja, H., Selbing, A., Sultan, B., Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated foetal weights (1996) Acta Paediatr., 85, pp. 843-848; (1977) International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; Thornberg, E., Birth asphyxia: Incidence, clinical course and outcome in a Swedish population (1995) Acta Paediatr., 84, pp. 927-932; Armitage, P., Berry, G., (1986) Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2nd Ed., , Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell Publishers; Pamas, J., Schizophrenia: Etiological factors in the light of longitudinal high risk research (1990) Etiology of Mental Disorders, pp. 49-61. , Kringlen E, Larrik NJ, Torgersen S, eds. Oslo, Norway: Dept of Psychiatry, Vindern; Geddes, J.R., Verdoux, H., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Heun, R., Murray, R.M., Schizophrenia and complications of pregnancy and labour: An individual patient data meta-analysis Schizophr Bull., , In press; Chamberlain, G., (1995) Tumbull's Obstetrics. 2nd Ed., , New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone Inc; Ley, D., (1997) Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Abnormal Fetal Blood Flow: Implications for the Newborn Infant and the Growing Child [Thesis], , Malmö, Sweden: Lund University; Jacobsen, G., Schei, B., Hoffman, H.J., Psychosocial factors and small for gestational age infants among parous Scandinavian women (1997) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl., 165, pp. 14-18 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032982089&partnerID=40&md5=790da59b1b83deb54a142d3d676ad251 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changing prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma T2 - Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology J2 - Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. VL - 82 IS - 3 SP - 233 EP - 252 PY - 1999 SN - 10811206 (ISSN) AU - MichaelSly, R. AD - Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington Univ. Sch. Med. H., Washington, DC, United States AD - Children's National Medical Center, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010-2970, United States AB - Objective: This review will enable the reader to discuss prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Data sources: MEDLINE (PubMed) search using the terms allergic rhinitis, asthma, prevalence, risk factors. Study selection: Human studies published in the English language since 1978, especially studies of relatively large populations in the United States, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand, with cross referencing to earlier relevant studies. Results: Current prevalence of allergic rhinitis at 16 years of age in cohorts of British children born in 1958 and 1970 increased from 12% in the earlier cohort to 23% and in the later cohort. Local surveys of allergic rhinitis at approximately 18 years of age in the United States in 1962 to 1965 disclosed prevalence of 15% to 28%, while the national survey of 1976 to 1980 disclosed a prevalence of 26%. Thus, it is uncertain whether prevalence of allergic rhinitis has changed in the United States based on these limited data. Data from several sources indicate worldwide increases in prevalence of asthma. Annual Health Interview surveys indicate increases in prevalence of asthma in the United States from 3.1% in 1980 to 5.4% in 1994, but prevalence among impoverished inner city children has been much higher. Combined prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed asthma among inner city children has been 26% and 27% at 9 to 12 years of age in Detroit and San Diego. Positive family history and allergy are important risk factors for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Prognosis is guarded; allergic rhinitis resolves in only 10% to 20% of children within 10 years, and at least 25% of young adults who have had asthma during early childhood are symptomatic as adults. Conclusion: Increases in prevalence remain unexplained, but avoidance of recognized allergens should reduce the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma. KW - tobacco smoke KW - allergic rhinitis KW - allergy KW - asthma KW - diet KW - family history KW - heredity KW - human KW - lowest income group KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - race KW - review KW - risk factor KW - social aspect KW - urban area KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Australia KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Conjunctivitis, Allergic KW - Disease Progression KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Female KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Great Britain KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Morbidity KW - New Zealand KW - Prevalence KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial KW - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal KW - Risk KW - Risk Factors KW - Skin Tests KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - United States KW - Urban Population KW - World Health N1 - Cited By :334 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ALAIF C2 - 10094214 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sly, R.M.; Children's National Medical Center, Allergy, Immunol./Pulmon. Med. Dept., 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010-2970, United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Tobacco Smoke Pollution N1 - References: Freeman, G.L., Johnson, S., Allergic diseases in adolescents (1964) Am J Dis Child, 107, pp. 549-559; Broder, I., Higgins, M.W., Mathews, K.P., Keller, J.B., Epidemiology of asthma and allergic rhinitis in a total community, Tecumseh, Michigan (1974) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 53, pp. 127-138; McMenamin, P., Costs of hay fever in the United States in 1990 (1994) Ann Allergy, 73, pp. 35-39; Nathan, R.A., Meltzer, E.O., Selner, J.C., Storms, W., Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the United States (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 99, pp. S808-814; Wright, A.L., Holberg, C.J., Martinez, F.D., Epidemiology of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis in childhood (1994) Pediatrics, 94, pp. 895-901; Gergen, P.J., Turkeltaub, P.C., The association of individual allergen reactivity with respiratory disease in a national sample: Data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-80 (NHANES II) (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 90, pp. 579-588; Strachan, D.P., Sibbald, B., Weiland, S.K., Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) (1997) Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 8, pp. 161-176; Sen, A., The morbidity of rich and poor (1998) Br Med J, 316. , 18 April, not numbered; Butland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Lewis, S., Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 717-721; Sibbald, B., Rink, E., Epidemiology of seasonal and perennial rhinitis; clinical presentation and medical history (1991) Thorax, 46, pp. 895-901; Bahna, S.L., Factors determining development of allergy in infants (1992) Allergy Proc, 13, pp. 21-25; Von Mutius, E., Martinez, F.D., Fritzsch, C., Prevalence of asthma and atopy in two areas of West and East Germany (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149, pp. 358-364; Duhme, H., Weiland, S.K., Rudolph, P., Asthma and allergies among children in West and East Germany: A comparison between Münster and Greifswald using the ISAAC phase I protocol (1998) Eur Respir J, 11, pp. 840-847; Von Mutius, E., Illi, S., Nicolai, T., Martinez, F.D., Relation of indoor heating with asthma, allergic sensitisation, and bronchial responsiveness: Survey of children in south Bavaria (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 1448-1450; Strachan, D.P., Epidemiology of hay fever: Toward a community diagnosis (1995) Clin Exper Allergy, 25, pp. 296-303; Jarvis, D., Chinn, S., Luczynska, C., Burney, P., The association of family size with atopy and atopic disease (1997) Clin Exper Allergy, 27, pp. 240-245; Martinez, F.D., Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: Could they be protective? (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 1189-1191; Ishizaki, T., Koizumi, K., Ikemori, R., Studies of prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis among the residents in a densely cultivated area (1987) Ann Allergy, 58, pp. 265-270; Weiland, S.K., Mundt, K.A., Ruckmann, A., Keil, U., Self-reported wheezing and allergic rhinitis in children and traffic density on street of residence (1994) Ann Epidemiol, 4, pp. 243-247; Duhme, H., Weiland, S.K., Keil, U., The association between self-reported symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis and self-reported traffic density on street of residence in adolescents (1996) Epidemiol, 7, pp. 578-582; Peterson, B., Saxon, A., Global increases in allergic respiratory disease: The possible role of diesel exhaust particles (1996) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 77, pp. 263-270; Weiss, S.T., Tager, I.B., Munoz, A., Speizer, F.E., The relationship of respiratory infections in early childhood to the occurrence of increased levels of bronchial responsiveness and atopy (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis, 131, pp. 573-578; Zeiger, R.S., Heller, S., The development and prediction of atopy in high risk children: Follow-up at age seven years in a prospective randomized study of combined maternal and infant food allergen avoidance (1995) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 95, pp. 1179-1190; Strachan, D.P., Cook, D.G., Parental smoking and allergic sensitisation in children (1998) Thorax, 53, pp. 117-123; Settipane, R.J., Hagy, G.W., Settipane, G.A., Long-term risk factors for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis: A 23-year follow-up study of college students (1994) Allergy Proc, 15, pp. 21-25; Kemp, T.J., Siebers, R.W., Fishwick, D., House dust mite allergen in pillows (1996) Br Med J, 313, p. 916; Crane, J., Kemp, T., Siebers, R., Increased house dust mite allergen in synthetic pillows may explain increased wheezing (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 1763-1764; Korsgaard, J., Iversen, M., Epidemiology of house dust mite allergy (1991) Allergy, 46 (SUPPL. 11), pp. 14-18; Verhoeff, A.P., Van Strien, R.T., Van Wijnen, J.H., Brunekreef, B., Damp housing and childhood respiratory symptoms: The role of sensitization to dust mites and molds (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. 103-110; Wickman, M., Nordvall, S.L., Pershagen, G., Risk factors in early childhood for sensitization to airborne allergens (1992) Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 3, pp. 128-133; Aberg, N., Sundell, J., Eriksson, B., Prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolchildren in relation to family history, upper respiratory infections, and residential characteristics (1996) Allergy, 51, pp. 232-237; Johnstone, D.E., Dutton, A.M., Dietary prophylaxis of allergic disease in children (1966) N Engl J Med, 274, pp. 715-719; Saarinen, U.M., Backman, A., Kajosaari, M., Siimes, M.A., Prolonged breast feeding as prophylaxis for atopic disease (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 163-166; Hide, D.W., Guyer, B.M., Clinical manifestations of allergy related to breast and cows' milk feeding (1981) Arch Dis Childh, 56, pp. 172-175; Saarinen, U.M., Kajosaari, M., Breast-feeding as prophylaxis against atopic disease: Prospective follow-up study until 17 years old (1995) Lancet, 346, pp. 1065-1069; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Golding, J., Butler, N., Breast feeding, eczema, asthma, and hay fever (1983) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 37, pp. 95-99; Nathanson, C.A., Rhyne, M.B., Social and cultural factors associated with asthmatic symptoms in children (1970) Soc Sci Med, 4, pp. 293-306; Barbee, R.A., Lebowitz, M.D., Thompson, H.C., Burrows, B., Immediate skin test reactivity in a general population sample (1976) Ann Intern Med, 84, pp. 129-133; Pedvis, S., Fox, Z.R., Bacal, H.L., Long term follow-up of ragweed hay fever in children (1962) Ann Allergy, 20, pp. 569-577; Linna, O., Kokkonen, J., Lukin, M., A 10-year prognosis for childhood allergic rhinitis (1992) Acta Paediatr, 81, pp. 100-102; Mannino, D.R., Roma, D.M., Pertowski, C.A., Surveillance for asthma - United States, 1960-1995 (1998) MMWR, (NO. SS-1), p. 47; Vollmer, W.M., Osborne, M.L., Buist, A.S., 20-year trends in the prevalence of asthma and chronic airflow obstruction in an HMO (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157, pp. 1079-1084; Gergen, P.J., Mullally, D.I., Evans R.E. III, National survey of prevalence of asthma among children in the United States, 1976 to 1980 (1988) Pediatrics, 81, pp. 1-7; Weitzman, M., Gortmaker, S.L., Sobol, A.M., Perrin, J.M., Recent trends in the prevalence and severity of childhood asthma (1992) JAMA, 268, pp. 2673-2677; Crain, E.F., Weiss, K.B., Bijur, P.E., An estimate of the prevalence of asthma and wheezing among inner-city children (1994) Pediatrics, 94, pp. 356-362; Christiansen, S.C., Martin, S.B., Schleicher, N.C., Current prevalence of asthma-related symptoms in San Diego's predominantly Hispanic inner city children (1996) J Asthma, 33, pp. 17-26; Joseph, C.L.M., Foxman, B., Leickly, F.E., Prevalence of possible undiagnosed asthma and associated morbidity among urban schoolchildren (1996) J Pediatr, 129, pp. 735-742; Beasley, R., Keil, U., Von Mutius, E., Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1225-1232; Burney, P., Chinn, S., Luczynska, C., Variations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, self reported asthma attacks, and use of asthma medication in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1996) Eur Respir J, 9, pp. 687-695; Kaur, B., Anderson, H.R., Austin, J., Prevalence of asthma symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment in 12-14 year old children across Great Britain (international study of asthma and allergies in childhood. ISAAC UK) (1998) Br Med J, 316, pp. 118-124; Strachan, D.P., Anderson, H.R., Limb, E.S., A national survey of asthma prevalence, severity, and treatment in Great Britain (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 174-178; Ninan, T.K., Russell, G., Respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren: Evidence from two surveys 25 years apart (1992) Br Med J, 304, pp. 873-875; Omran, M., Russell, G., Continuing increase in respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren (1996) Br Med J, 312, p. 34; Nystad, W., Magnus, P., Gulsvik, A., Increasing risk of asthma without other atopic diseases in schoolchildren: A repeated cross-sectional study after 13 years (1998) Eur J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 247-252; Peat, J.K., Van Den Berg, R.E., Green, W.F., Changing prevalence of asthma in Australian children (1994) Br Med J, 308, pp. 1591-1597; Adams, R., Ruffin, R., Wakefield, M., Asthma prevalence, morbidity and management practices in South Australia, 1992-1995 (1997) Aust NZ J Med, 27, pp. 672-679; Shaw, R.A., Crane, J., O'Donnell, T.V., Increasing asthma prevalence in a rural New Zealand adolescent population: 1975-89 (1990) Arch Dis Child, 65, pp. 1319-1323; Woolcock, A.J., Peat, J.K., "Evidence for the increase in asthma worldwide" in the rising trends in asthma (1997) Ciba Foundation Symposium 206, pp. 122-134. , Chichester, England, John Wiley & Sons; Goren, A.I., Hellmann, S., Changing prevalence of asthma among schoolchildren in Israel (1997) Eur Respir J, 10, pp. 2279-2284; Vaughan, W.T., Black, J.H., (1954) Practice of Allergy, 3d Ed., , St. Louis, Mosby; Sherman, C.B., Tosteson, T.D., Tager, I.B., Early childhood predictors of asthma (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 83-95; Abdulrazzaq, Y.M., Bener, A., DeBuse, P., Association of allergic symptoms in children with those in their parents (1994) Allergy, 49, pp. 737-743; Litonjua, A.A., Carey, V.J., Burge, H.A., Parental history and the risk for childhood asthma. Does mother confer more risk than father? (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158, pp. 176-181; Dold, S., Wjst, M., Von Mutius, E., Genetic risk for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (1992) Arch Dis Child, 67, pp. 1018-1022; Harris, J.R., Magnus, P., Samuelsen, S.O., Tambs, K., No evidence for effects of family environment on asthma (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156, pp. 43-49; Burrows, B., Martinez, F.D., Halonen, M., Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin-test reactivity to allergens (1989) N Engl J Med, 320, pp. 271-277; Peak, J.K., Salome, C.M., Woolcock, A.J., Longitudinal changes in atopy during a 4 year period: Relation to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and respiratory symptoms in a population sample of Australian schoolchildren (1990) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 85, pp. 65-74; Sunyer, J., Anto, J.M., Castellsague, J., Total serum IgE is associated with asthma independently of specific IgE levels (1996) Eur Respir J, 9, pp. 1880-1884; Sears, M.R., Burrows, B., Flannery, E.M., Relation between airway responsiveness and serum IgE in children with asthma and in apparently normal children (1991) N Engl J Med, 325, pp. 1067-1071; Humbert, M., Durham, S.R., Ying, S., IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein in bronchial biopsies from patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma: Evidence against "intrinsic" asthma being a distinct immunopathologic entity (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154, pp. 1497-1504; Sporik, R., Holgate, S.T., Platts-Mills, T.A.E., Cogswell, J.J., Exposure to house dust mite allergen (Der p I) and the development of asthma in childhood (1990) N Engl J Med, 323, pp. 502-507; Peat, J.K., Tovey, E., Toelle, B.G., House dust mite allergens. A major risk factor for childhood asthma in Australia (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 153, pp. 141-146; Peat, J.K., Woolcock, A.J., Sensitivity to common allergens: Relation to respiratory symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children from three different climatic areas of Australia (1991) Clin Exper Allergy, 21, pp. 573-581; Sears, M.R., Burrows, B., Flannery, E.M., Atopy in childhood. I. Gender and allergen related risks for development of hay fever and asthma (1993) Clin Exp Allergy, 23, pp. 941-948; Pollart, S.M., Chapman, M.D., Fiocco, G.P., Epidemiology of acute asthma: IgE antibodies to common inhalant allergens as a risk factor for emergency room visits (1989) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 83, pp. 875-882; Gelber, L.E., Seltzer, L.H., Bouzoukis, J.K., Sensitization and exposure to indoor allergens as risk factors for asthma among patients presenting to hospital (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis, 147, pp. 573-578; Squillace, S.P., Sporik, R.B., Rakes, G., Sensitization to dust mites as a dominant risk factor for asthma among adolescents living in central Virginia (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156, pp. 1760-1764; Ingram, J.M., Sporik, R., Rose, G., Quantitative assessment of exposure to dog (Can f 1) and cat (Fel d 1) allergens: Relation to sensitization and asthma among children living in Los Alamos, New Mexico (1995) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 96, pp. 449-456; Rosenstreich, D.L., Eggleston, P., Kattan, M., The role of cockroach allergy and exposure to cockroach allergen in causing morbidity among inner-city children with asthma (1997) N Engl J Med, 336, pp. 1356-1363; Halonen, M., Stern, D.A., Wright, A.L., Alternaria as a major allergen for asthma in children raised in a desert environment (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155, pp. 1356-1361; Henderson, F.W., Henry, M.M., Ivins, S.S., Correlates of recurrent wheezing in school-age children (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151, pp. 1786-1793; Perzanowski, M.S., Sporik, R., Squillace, S.P., Association of sensitization to Alternaria allergens with asthma among school-age children (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 101, pp. 626-632; Woolcock, A.J., Dusser, D., Fajac, I., Severity of chronic asthma (1998) Thorax, 53, pp. 442-444; Weitzman, M., Gortmaker, S., Walker, D.K., Sobol, A., Maternal smoking and childhood asthma (1990) Pediatrics, 85, pp. 505-511; Strachan, D.P., Cook, D.G., Parental smoking and childhood asthma: Longitudinal and case-control studies (1998) Thorax, 53, pp. 204-212; Tager, I.B., Smoking and childhood asthma - Where do we stand? (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158, pp. 349-351; Strachan, D.P., Cook, D.G., Parental smoking and allergic sensitisation in children (1998) Thorax, 53, pp. 117-123; Evans, D., Levison, M.J., Feldman, C.H., The impact of passive smoking on emergency room visits of urban children with asthma (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis, 135, pp. 567-572; Wright, A.L., Holberg, C., Martinez, F.D., Relationship of parental smoking to wheezing and nonwheezing lower respiratory tract illnesses in infancy (1991) J Pediatr, 118, pp. 207-214; Strachan, D.P., Cook, D.G., Parental smoking and lower respiratory illness in infancy and early childhood (1997) Thorax, 52, pp. 905-914; Martinez, F.D., Wright, A.L., Taussig, L.M., Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 133-138; Folkerts, G., Busse, W.W., Nijkamp, F.P., Virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157, pp. 1708-1720; Smith, J.M., Cadoret, R.J., Burns, T.L., Troughton, E.P., Asthma and allergic rhinitis in adoptees and their adoptive parents (1998) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 81, pp. 135-139; Christiani, D.C., Kern, D.G., Asthma risk and occupation as a respiratory therapist (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis, 148, pp. 671-674; Weitzman, M., Gortmaker, S., Sobol, A., Racial, social, and environmental risks for childhood asthma (1990) Am J Dis Child, 144, pp. 1189-1194; Schwartz, J., Cold, D., Dockery, D.W., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; Peat, J.K., The rising trend in allergic illness: Which environmental factors are important? (1994) Clin Exp Allergy, 24, pp. 797-800; Strachan, D.P., Butland, B.K., Anderson, H.R., Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 1195-1199; Jenkins, M.A., Hopper, J.L., Bowes, G., Factors in childhood as predictors of asthma in adult life (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 90-93; Oswald, H., Phelan, P.D., Lanigan, A., Outcome of childhood asthma in mid-adult life (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 95-96; Bronnimann, S., Burrows, B., A prospective study of the natural history of asthma (1986) Remission and Relapse Rates. Chest, 90, pp. 480-484; Withers, N.J., Low, L., Holgate, S.T., Clough, J.B., The natural history of respiratory symptoms in a cohort of adolescents (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158, pp. 352-357; Mazon, A., Nieto, A., Nieto, F.J., Prognostic factors in childhood asthma: A logistic regression analysis (1994) Ann Allergy, 72, pp. 455-461; Abramson, M.J., Puy, R.M., Weiner, J.M., Is allergen immunotherapy effective in asthma? a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151, pp. 969-974 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344718441&partnerID=40&md5=66def8ef780f59868626c75328cc8fe3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unemployment pre-dates symptoms of depression and anxiety resulting in medical consultation in young men T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 95 EP - 100 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1093/ije/28.1.95 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Cook, D.G. AU - Bartley, M.J. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - University Department of Medicine, Roy. Free Hosp. School of Medicine, University of London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, University College, University of London, London, United Kingdom AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., University College, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - Background. There is evidence to support a link between unemployment and lower levels of psychological well-being, but debate continues as to whether unemployment results in psychological morbidity, or whether the association is due to those who are more vulnerable to mental illness becoming unemployed. Here we assess the effect of recent and accumulated unemployment in young men on the risk of developing depression and anxiety leading to medical consultation. Adjustment was made for a measure of pre-existing tendency to depression, behavioural maladjustment, social class, qualifications and region of residence. Methods. Some 3241 men from the National Child Development Study (the 1958 British birth cohort) with data from birth to age 33 years, collected at birth and ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 years were used in these analyses. The outcome measure was onset age of anxiety or depression between ages 24 and 33 years, that resulted in consultation with a GP or a specialist. This was used in Cox proportional hazards models where two measures of unemployment were modelled as time varying covariates. Pre-existing tendency to depression was measured by the Malaise Inventory prior to the experience of unemployment at age 23 years. Two measures of unemployment were investigated: any unemployment in the year prior to onset (recent unemployment) and all accumulated unemployment prior to onset (divided into four categories: 0, 1-12, 13-36 and 37+ months of unemployment). Results. After adjustment for potential confounding factors including pre-existing tendency to depression, the relative risk (RR) for developing symptoms resulting in consultation was 2.10 (95% CI: 1.21-3.63), when those who were unemployed in the year prior to onset were compared with those who were not. Accumulated unemployment was not statistically significantly related to onset of symptoms in all men after adjustment for the potential confounding factors: an RR of 1.63 (95% CI: 0.95-2.79) for men with 37+ months of accumulated unemployment when compared with none. However, exclusion of men with a pre-existing tendency to depression indicated by the Malaise Inventory score, increased the RR to 2.30 (95% CI: 1.44-3.65) for recent unemployment and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.17-3.54) for 37+ months of accumulated unemployment when compared with none. Conclusions. Unemployment is a risk factor for psychological symptoms of depression requiring medical attention, even in those men without previous psychological vulnerability. KW - Birth cohort KW - Depression KW - Medical consultation KW - Unemployment KW - health status KW - morbidity KW - unemployment KW - adult KW - anxiety KW - article KW - depression KW - disease predisposition KW - health care utilization KW - human KW - maladjustment KW - malaise KW - male KW - mental health KW - morbidity KW - nonbiological model KW - normal human KW - onset age KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - social class KW - unemployment KW - wellbeing KW - Adult KW - Anxiety KW - Depression KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Risk KW - Unemployment KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :105 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 10195671 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital School Medicine, University of London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Warr, P.B., Twelve questions about unemployment and health (1985) New Approaches to Economic Life, , Roberts B, Finnegan R, Gallie D (eds). Manchester: Manchester University Press; Bartley, M.J., Unemployment and ill health: Understanding the relationship (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, pp. 333-337; Hammarström, A., Janlert, U., Theorell, T., Youth unemployment and ill health: Results from a 2-year follow-up study (1988) Soc Sci Med, 26, pp. 1025-1033; Kessler, R.C., House, J.S., Turner, J.B., Unemployment and health in a community sample (1987) J Health Soc Behav, 28, pp. 51-59; Viinamaki, H., Koskela, K., Niskanen, L., Arnkill, R., Tikkanen, J., Unemployment and mental well-being - a factory closure study in Finland (1993) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 88, pp. 429-433; Lahelma, E., Paid employment, unemployment and mental well-being (1992) Psychiair Fennica, 23, pp. 131-144; Banks, M.H., Jackson, P.R., Unemployment and the risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence (1982) Psychol Med, 57, pp. 789-798; Clausen, B., Bjorndal, A., Hjort, P.F., Health and re-employment in a two year follow-up of long term unemployed (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 14-18; Valkonen, T., Martikainen, P., The association between unemployment and mortality: Causation or selection? (1992) Paper to IUSSP Seminar Premature Adult Mortality in Developed Countries, , Taormina, Italy 1-5 June; White, M., (1991) Against Unemployment, , London: Policy Studies Institute; Beale, N., Nethercott, S., Unemployment and patterns of consultation with the general practitioner (1989) Br Med J, 298, p. 1644; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS Working Paper No. 1, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33, , London: National Children's Bureau; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.G., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 415-422; Montgomery, S.M., (1996) The Relationship of Unemployment with Health and Health Behaviour in Young Men, , PhD. Thesis, The City University, London; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the malaise inventory (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 25, pp. 170-178; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children, , London: University of London Press; Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables J Royal Statist Soc 1972: Series B, 34, pp. 187-202; Norusis, M.J., (1990) SPSS for Windows Advanced Statistics Release 6.0, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Fagin, I., Little, M., (1984) The Forsaken Families, , Harmondsworth: Penguin Books; Pearlin, L.I., Lieberman, M.A., Menaghan, E.G., Mullan, J.T., The stress process (1981) J Health Soc Behav, 22, pp. 337-356; Ross, C.E., Huber, J., Hardship and depression (1985) J Health Soc Behav, 26, pp. 312-327; Banks, M.H., Youth, U.P., Unemployment: Social and psychological perspectives (1987) Dept. of Employment Research Paper 61, , London: HMSO; Hamilton, V.L., Hoffman, W.S., Broman, C.L., Rauma, D., Unemployment, distress and coping: A panel study of auto-workers (1993) J Personality Soc Psychol, 65, pp. 234-247; Warr, P.B., Jackson, P.R., Factors influencing the psychological impact of prolonged unemployment and of re-employment (1985) Psychol Med, 15, pp. 795-807; Ross, C.E., Mirowsky, J., Does employment affect health? (1995) J Health Soc Behav, 36, pp. 230-243; Tiggeman, M., Winefield, A.H., The effects of unemployment on mood, self-esteem, locus of control and depressive effect of school leavers (1984) J Occup Psychol, 57, pp. 33-42; Corti, L., For better or worse? Annual change in smoking, self-assessed health and subjective well-being (1994) Changing Households. Essex: ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, , Buck N, Gershuny J, Rose D, Scott J (eds); Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J., A short history of labour turnover, job tenure and job security, 1975-93 (1995) Oxford Rev Econ Policy, 11 (1), pp. 73-90; Graetz, B., Health consequences of employment and unemployment: Longitudinal evidence for young men and women (1993) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 715-724; Ferrie, J.E., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Stansfield, S., Davey Smith, G., Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment: Longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study (1995) Br Med J, 311, pp. 1264-1269; Bartley, M.J., Montgomery, S.M., Cook, D.G., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health and work insecurity in young adult men (1996) Health and Social Organization, , Blane D, Brunner E, Wilkinson R (eds). London: Routledge; Catalano, R., Dooley, D., Jackson, R., Economic predictors of admissions to mental health facilities in a nonmetropolitan community (1981) J Health Soc Behav, 22, pp. 284-297; Catalano, R., Dooley, D., Jackson, R., Economic antecedents of help seeking: Reformulation of time series tests (1985) J Health Soc Behav, 26, pp. 141-152; Platt, S., Unemployment and suicidal behaviour: A review of the literature (1984) Soc Sci Med, 19, pp. 93-115 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033016547&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f28.1.95&partnerID=40&md5=572c34d212603890cb3f15c6f3f31667 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Papers T2 - BMJ J2 - BMJ VL - 318 IS - 7181 SP - 421 EP - 426 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1136/bmj.318.7181.421 SN - 09598138 (ISSN) AU - Hultman, C.M. AU - Sparén, P. AU - Takei, N. AU - Murray, R.M. AU - Cnattingius, S. AU - Geddes, J. AD - Department of Neuroscience Psychiatry Ulleråker, University of Uppsala, S-750 17 Uppsala 17, Sweden AD - Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, Huddinge, Sweden AD - Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University School of Medicine, Hamamtsu, Japan AD - Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AD - University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To examine prenatal and perinatal risk factors for subsequent development of schizophrenia and affective and reactive psychosis. Design: Three population based, case-control studies conducted within a Sweden-wide cohort of all children born during 1973-9.This was done by linking individual data from the Swedish birth register, which represents 99% of all births in Sweden, to the Swedish inpatient register. Subjects: Patients listed in inpatient register as having been first admitted to hospital aged 15-21years with a main diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=167), affective psychosis (n=198), or reactive psychosis (n=292). For each case, five controls were selected. Main outcome measures: Risks of schizophrenia and affective and reactive psychosis in relation to pregnancy and perinatal characteristics. Results: Schizophrenia was positively associated with multiparity (odds ratio 2.0), maternal bleeding during pregnancy (odds ratio 3.5), and birth in late winter (odds ratio 1.4). Affective psychosis was associated with uterine atony (odds ratio 2.2) and late winter birth (odds ratio 1.5). Reactive psychosis was related to multiparity (odds ratio 2.1). An increased risk for schizophrenia was found in boys who were small for their gestational age at birth (odds ratio 3.2), who were number four or more in birth order (odds ratio 3.6), and whose mothers had had bleeding during late pregnancy (odds ratio 4.0). Conclusions: A few specific pregnancy and perinatal factors were associated with the subsequent development of psychotic disorder, particularly schizophrenia, in early adult life. The association of small size for gestational age and bleeding during pregnancy with increased risk of early onset schizophrenia among males could reflect placental insufficiency. © 1999, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth KW - birth order KW - case control study KW - controlled study KW - correlation function KW - dystocia KW - female KW - gestational age KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - manic depressive psychosis KW - multipara KW - placenta insufficiency KW - population KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal development KW - priority journal KW - psychosis KW - register KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - seasonal variation KW - sex difference KW - small for date infant KW - statistical analysis KW - Sweden KW - third trimester pregnancy KW - uterus bleeding KW - Adult KW - Bipolar Disorder KW - Birth Weight KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Seasons KW - Sex Distribution KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :244 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 9974454 LA - English N1 - References: Murray, R.M., Neurodevelopmental schizophrenia: the rediscovery of dementia praecox (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 165, pp. 6-12; McNeil, T.F., Perinatal risk factors and schizophrenia: selective review and methodological concerns (1995) Epidemiol Rev, 17, pp. 107-112; Hultman, C.M., Öhman, A., Cnattingius, S., Wieselgren, I.-M., Lindström, L.H., Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia (1997) Br J Psychiatry, 170, pp. 128-133; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: an international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data (1997) Am J Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness. Obstetric complications (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Nordström, L.G., Rosenlund, T., Are reduced head circumference at birth and increased obstetric complications associated only with schizophrenic psychosis? A comparison with schizo-affective and unspecified functional psychoses (1996) Schizophr Res, 22, pp. 41-47; Ericson, A., Eriksson, M., Westerholm, P., Zetterström, R., Pregnancy outcome and social indicators in Sweden (1984) Acta Paediatr Scand, 73, pp. 69-74; (1984) County council's plan, in one to five years run. Report No 4, , Stockholm: National Board of Health and Welfare; Cnattingius, S., Ericson, A., Gunnarskog, J., Kallen, B., A quality study of a medical birth registry (1990) Scand J Soc Med, 18, pp. 143-148; Marsal, K., Persson, P.H., Larsen, T., Lilja, H., Selbing, A., Sultan, B., Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated foetal weights (1996) Acta Paediatr, 85, pp. 843-848; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., Statistical methods in cancer research (1980) The analysis of case-control studies, 1. , (IARC scientific publications No 32.) Lyon: IARC; Alda, M., Ahrens, B., Lit, W., Dvorakova, M., Labelle, A., Zvolsky, P., Age of onset in familial and sporadic schizophrenia (1996) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 93, pp. 447-450; Häfner, H., van der Heiden, W., Epidemiology of schizophrenia (1997) Can J Psychiatry, 42, pp. 139-151; David, A.S., Malmberg, A., Brandt, L., Allebeck, P., Lewis, G., IQ and risk for schizophrenia; a population-based cohort study (1997) Psychol Med, 27, pp. 1311-1323; Hansen, H., Dahl, A.A., Bertelsen, A., Birkert-Smith, M., von Knorring, L., Ottosson, J.O., The Nordic concept of reactive psychosis—a multicenter reliability study (1992) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 86, pp. 55-59; Stephens, J.H., Shaffer, J.W., Carpenter, W.T., Jr., Reactive psychoses (1982) J Nerv Ment Dis, 170, pp. 657-663; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.-L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort (1998) Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Kramer, M.S., Usher, R.H., Pollack, R., Boyd, M., Uscher, S., Etiologic determinants of abruptio placentae (1997) Obstet Gynecol, 89, pp. 221-226; Moore, R.Y., Normal development of the nervous system (1985) Prenatal and perinatal factors associated with brain disorders, pp. 33-51. , Freeman M, ed. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office NIH Publication No 85-1149; McNeil, T.F., Sjöström, K., (1995) McNeil-Sjöström scale for obstetric complications, , Malmö: Department of Psychiatry, Lund University; Kramer, M.S., Olivier, M.O., McLean, F.M., Willis, D.M., Usher, R.H., Impact of intrauterine growth retardation and body proportionality on fetal and neonatal outcome (1990) Pediatrics, 86, pp. 707-713; Naeye, R.L., Abruptio placentae and placenta praevia: frequency, perinatal morbidity, and cigarette smoking (1980) Obstet Gynecol, 55, pp. 701-704; Kunugi, H., Takei, N., Murray, R.M., Saito, K., Nanko, S., Small head circumference at birth in schizophrenia (1996) Schizophr Res, 20, pp. 165-170; Bennedsen, B.E., Adverse pregnancy outcome in schizophrenic women: occurrence and risk factors (1998) Schizophr Res, 33, pp. 1-26; Kramer, M.S., Intrauterine growth and gestational duration determinants (1987) Pediatrics, 80, pp. 502-511; Hoek, H.W., Brown, A.S., Susser, E., The Dutch famine and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (1998) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 33, pp. 373-379; Van Os, J., Selten, J.P., Prenatal exposure to maternal stress and subsequent schizophrenia (1998) Br J Psychiatry, 172, pp. 324-326; Åberg, A., Lindmark, G., Competence and compliance in antenatal care. Experience from Sweden (1992) Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 8, pp. 20-24; The scientific bases of antenatal care routines; the state of art: conference conclusion and summary (1992) Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 8, pp. 182-188; Wright, P., Takei, N., Rifkin, L., Murray, R.M., Maternal influenza, obstetric complications, and schizophrenia (1995) Am J Psychiatry, 152, pp. 1714-1720; Castle, D.J., Abel, K., Takei, N., Murray, R.M., Gender differences in schizophrenia: hormonal effects or subtypes? (1995) Schizophr Bull, 21, pp. 1-12; Murray, W., Lopez, A.D., Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 1436-1442; Jones, P., Cannon, M., The new epidemiology of schizophrenia (1998) Psychiatr Clin North Am, 211, pp. 1-25; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Verdoux, H., Geddes, J.R., Takei, N., Lawrie, S.M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J.M., Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: an international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data (1997) Am J Psychiatry, 154, pp. 1220-1227; Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., lsohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 north Finland general population birth cohort (1998) Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; Sackett, D.L., Bias in analytic research (1979) J Chronic Dis, 32, pp. 51-63 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033550741&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.318.7181.421&partnerID=40&md5=6670e66e6836260f474b93e813895639 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence and risks of dementia in the Japanese population: RERF's Adult Health Study Hiroshima subjects T2 - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society J2 - J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - 189 EP - 195 PY - 1999 SN - 00028614 (ISSN) AU - Yamada, M. AU - Sasaki, H. AU - Mimori, Y. AU - Kasagi, F. AU - Sudoh, S. AU - Ikeda, J. AU - Hosoda, Y. AU - Nakamura, S. AU - Kodama, K. AD - Depts. of Clin. Studs. and Stat., Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Third Dept. of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima Univ. School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan AB - OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence rate of dementia and its subtypes in Japan and to investigate the relationship of risk factors, such as demographic features and disease history, to the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. DESIGN: A prevalence study within a longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: The original Adult Health Study (AHS) cohort consisted of atomic-bomb survivors and their controls selected from residents in Hiroshima and Nagasaki using the 1950 national census supplementary schedules and the Atomic Bomb Survivors Survey. Since 1958, the AHS subjects have been followed through biennial medical examinations. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects were 637 men and 1585 women aged 60 years or older in the AHS cohort. Forty-eight subjects resided in hospitals and institutions. MEASUREMENTS: In addition to the biennial medical examinations ongoing since 1958, a screening test for cognitive impairment (CASI) was conducted by trained nurses between September 1992 and September 1996. The prevalence of dementia and its subtypes was assessed in 343 subjects suspected to have dementia and in 272 subjects with high CASI scores who were selected randomly. RESULTS: The prevalence of dementia based on DSM III/R criteria, using neurological examination, the IQCODE, and CDR ≥ 1, was 7.2%. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease was 2.0% in men and 3.8% in women, and the prevalence of vascular dementia was 2.0% in men and 1.8% in women. The relationship of risk factors to Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia was investigated by the multivariate logistic linear regression analysis. Odds ratios of Alzheimer's disease for age (in 10-year increments), attained education (in 3-year increments), history of head trauma, and history of cancer are 6.3, 0.6, 7.4, and 0.3, respectively. Odds ratios of vascular dementia for age, history of stroke, and history of hypertension are 2.0, 35.7, and 4.0, respectively. Neither type of dementia showed any significant effect of sex or radiation exposure. CONCLUSION: This study is the first study of Japanese dementia rates carried out with a protocol similar enough to that of a US study to allow meaningful comparisons. The prevalence rates demonstrated are more similar to US rates than were found in many previous reports in Japan. KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - Dementia KW - Prevalence KW - Risk factors KW - Vascular dementia KW - aged KW - Alzheimer disease KW - article KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - Japan KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - multiinfarct dementia KW - prevalence KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - scoring system KW - stroke KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Alzheimer Disease KW - Asian Continental Ancestry Group KW - Brain KW - Causality KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dementia, Multi-Infarct KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Radiation Injuries KW - Risk N1 - Cited By :99 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JAGSA C2 - 9988290 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Res. Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan N1 - References: Graves, A., Larson, E., White, L., Opportunities and challenges in international collaborative epidemiologic research of dementia and its subtypes: Studies between Japan and the U.S (1994) Int Psychogeriatr, 6, pp. 209-223; Hasegawa, K., Honma, A., Imai, Y., An epidemiologcal study of age-related dementia in the community (1986) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 1, pp. 45-55; Kawano, H., Ueda, K., Fujishima, M., Prevalence of dementia in a Japanese community (Hisayama): Morphological reappraisal of the type of dementia (1990) Jpn Med, 29, pp. 261-265; Ogura, C., Nakamoto, H., Uema, T., Prevalence of senile dementia in Okinawa, Japan (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 373-379; Van Dujin, M., Clayton, G., Chandra, V., Interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A reanalysis of case-control studies (1994) Gene Epidemiol, 11, pp. 539-551; Ritchie, K., Kildea, D., Robine, M., The relationship between age and the prevalence of senile dementia: A meta-analysis of recent data (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 763-769; Launer, J., Brayne, C., Breteler, B., Epidemiologic approach to the study of dementing diseases: A nested case-control study in European incidence studies of dementia (1992) Neuroepidemiol, 11 (SUPPL.), pp. 114-118; Takeya, Y., Popper, J.S., Shimizu, Y., Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii, and California: Incidence of stroke in Japan and Hawaii (1984) Stroke, 15, pp. 15-23; Lin, C.H., Shumzu, Y., Kato, H., Cerebrovascular diseases in a fixed population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with special reference to the relationship between type and risk factors (1984) Stroke, 15, pp. 653-660; Otake, M., Schull, W.J., In utero exposure to A-bomb radiation and mental retardation: A reassessment (1984) Br J Radiol, 57, pp. 409-414; Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1986 (1993) Radiat Res, 135, pp. 418-430; Teng, E., Hasegawa, K., Homma, A., The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): A practical test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia (1994) Int Psychogeriatr, 6, pp. 45-58; Katoh, S., Simogaki, H., Onodera, A., Development of the revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS-R) (1991) J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2, pp. 1339-1347; (1987) DSM III/R: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Ed., , Rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press; Jorm, A.F., Jacomb, P.A., The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Sociodemographic correlates, reliability, validity, and some norms (1989) Psychol Med, 19, pp. 1015-1022; Jorm, A.F., Scott, R., Cullen, J.S., Performance on the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a screening test for dementia (1991) Psychol Med, 21, pp. 785-790; Hachinski, V.C., Lassen, N.A., Marshal, J., Multi-infarct dementia, a cause of mental deterioration in the elderly (1974) Lancet, 2, pp. 207-209; Morris, J., The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. 2412-2414; McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M.F., Clinical diagnosis of Alzheinier's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease (1984) Neurology, 34, pp. 939-944; Chui, H.C., Victoroff, J.I., Margolin, D., Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (1992) Neurology, 42, pp. 473-480; Selvin, S., (1991) Statistical Analysis of Epidemiologic Data, , New York: Oxford University Press; (1996) Kokumin Eisei no Doko, 1996, pp. 73-80. , Tokyo: Health and Welfare Statistics Association, in Japanese; Imai, Y., Hasegawa, K., Homma, A., A practical screening test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia (1994) Reports of the Dementia Study Team in Longevity Science Study Sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, pp. 13-15. , in Japanese; (1990) Mental Hygiene, 1990, , Tokyo: Kouken Shuppan Publishers, in Japanese; Fukunishi, I., Hayabara, T., Hosakawa, K., Epidemiological surveys of senile dementia in Japan (1991) Int J Soc Psychiatry, 37, pp. 51-56; Ueda, K., Yoshitake, T., Kiyohara, Y., Changes in prevalence of senile dementia among Hisayama residents (1994) Reports of Dementia Study Team in Longevity Science Study Sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, pp. 460-463. , in Japanese; Beard, C.M., Kokmen, E., O'Brien, P.C., The prevalence of dementia is changing over time in Rochester, Minnesota (1995) Neurology, 45, pp. 75-79; Graves, A., Larson, E., Edland, S., Prevalence of dementia and its subtypes in the Japanese American population of King County, Washington State (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 144, pp. 760-771; Li, G., Shen, Y.C., Chen, C.H., An epidemiological survey of age-related dementia in an urban area of Beijing (1989) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 79, pp. 557-563; Jonghan, P., Hyo, J.K., Young, N.P., Dementia among the elderly in a rural Korean community (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 164, pp. 796-801; White, L., Petrovitch, H., Ross, G.W., Prevalence of dementia in older Japanese-American men in Hawaii: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (1996) JAMA, 276, pp. 955-960; Tatemichi, T., Foulkes, M., Mohr, J., Dementia in stroke survivors in the stroke data hank cohort (1990) Stroke, 21, pp. 858-866; Mortimer, J.A., Frenchi, L.R., Huttim, T., Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (1985) Neurology, 35, pp. 264-267; Thompson, D., Mabuchi, K., Ron, E., Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958-87 (1994) Radiat Res, 137 (SUPPL.), pp. 17-67 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032910645&partnerID=40&md5=91759f3bc4d2f1984cb6c94e5a928c91 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marital dissolution among the 1958 British birth cohort: The role of cohabitation T2 - Population Studies J2 - Popul. Stud. VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 38 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1080/00324720308066 SN - 00324728 (ISSN) AU - Berrington, A. AU - Diamond, I. AD - Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, United Kingdom AB - This paper investigates the effect of previous cohabitation on marital stability among the 1958 British birth cohort. Prospective data from the National Child Development Study are used to investigate the way in which family background factors and early lifecourse experiences, including cohabitation, affect the risk of first marriage dissolution by age 33. Discrete time logistic regression hazards models are used to analyse the risk of separation in the first eight years of marriage. Many socio-economic and family background factors are found to act through more intermediate determinants, such as age at marriage and the timing of childbearing, to affect the risk of separation. Previous cohabitation with another partner and premarital cohabitation are both associated with higher rates of marital breakdown. The effect of premarital cohabitation is attenuated but remains significant once the characteristics of cohabitors are controlled, and cannot be explained by the longer time spent in a partnership. © 1999 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. KW - cohabitation KW - marriage KW - social structure KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :66 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Berrington, A.; Department of Social Statistics, University of SouthamptonUnited Kingdom N1 - References: (1987) Literacy, Numeracy and Adults: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , London: ALBSU; Allison, P., Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories (1982) Sociological Methodology, pp. 61-98. , S. Leihardt (ed.), San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; Amato, P.R., Explaining the intergenerational transmission of divorce (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 628-640; Axinn, W.G., Thornton, A., The relationship between cohabitation and divorce: Selectivity or causal influence? (1992) Demography, 29 (3), pp. 357-374; Axinn, W.G., Thornton, A., The influence of parents marital dissolutions on children’s attitudes toward family formation” (1996) Demography, 33 (1), pp. 66-81; Balakrishnan, T.R., Vaninadha Rao, K., Lapierre-Adamcyk, E., Krotki, K.J., A hazard model analysis of the covariates of marriage dissolution in canada (1987) Demography, 24 (3), p. 395 406; Becker, G.S., Landes, E.M., Michael, R.T., An economic analysis of marital instability (1977) Journal of Political Economy, 85 (6), pp. 1141-1187; Bennett, N.G., Blanc, A.K., Bloom, D.E., Commitment and the modern union; assessing the link between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital stability (1988) American Sociological Review, 53, pp. 127-138; Berrington, A., Diamond, I., (1995) First Partnership Formation among the 1958 British Birth Cohort: A Discrete Time Competing Risks Analysis, , Paper presented at European Population Conference. Milan, 4-8 September 1995; Blossfeld, H.-P., Rose, A.D., Hoem, J.M., Rohwer, G., (1993) Education, Modernization, and the Risk of Marital Disruption: Differences in the Effect of Womens Educational Attainment in Sweden, West Germany and Italy”., , Stockholm Research Reports in Demography no. 76. University of Stockholm; Booth, A., Edwards, J.N., Age at marriage and marital instability (1985) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, pp. 67-75; Booth, A., Johnson, D., Premarital cohabitation and marital success (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9 (2), pp. 255-272; Bracher, M., Santow, G., Philip Morgan, S., Trussell, J., Marriage dissolution in australia: Models and explanations (1993) Population Studies, 47, pp. 403-425; Brown, S.L., Booth, A., Cohabitation versus marriage: A comparison of relationship quality (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 668-678; Bumpass, L.L., Sweet, J.A., Differentials in marital instability: 1970 (1972) American Sociological Review, 37, pp. 745-766; Bumpass, L.L., Martin, T.C., Sweet, J.A., The impact of family background and early marital factors on marital disruption (1991) Journal of Family Issues, 12 (1), pp. 22-42; Cherlin, A.J., Kieman, K.E., Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, P., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in younger adulthood (1995) Demography, 32 (3), pp. 299-318; Dearden, K., Hale, C., Blankson, M., Family structure, function and the early transition to fatherhood in great britain (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 844-852; DeMaris, A., Leslie, G.R., Cohabitation with the future spouse: Its influence on marital satisfaction and communication (1984) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, pp. 77-84; DeMaris, A., MacDonald, W., Premarital cohabitation and marital instability: A test of the uncon-ventiality hypothesis (1993) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, pp. 399-407; DeMaris, A., Vaninadha Rao, K., Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital stability in the united states: A reassessment (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 178-190; Ermisch, J., Marco, F., (1996) Partnership Formation and Dissolution in Great Britain, , Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change. Paper 96-10. Colchester: University of Essex; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: The Macmillan Press; Frank, F., Premarital pregnancy and marital instability (1976) Journal of Social Issues, 32 (1), pp. 67-86; Ghodsian, M., Fogelman, K., Lambert, L., Tibbenham, A., Changes in behaviour ratings of a national sample of children (1980) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, pp. 247-256; Glenn, Goode, W.J., Family disorganisation (1966) Contemporary Social Problems, pp. 493-522. , R. Merton, and R. Nisbet, (eds.), London: Harcourt Brace and World, Second edition; Hall, D.R., Zhao, J.Z., Cohabitation and divorce in canada: Testing the selectivity hypothesis (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 421-427; Haskey, J., Social class and socio-economic differentials in divorce in england and wales (1984) Population Studies, 38 (3), pp. 413-458; Haskey, J., Pre-marital cohabitation and the probability of subsequent divorce: Analyses using new data from the general household survey (1992) Population Trends, 68, pp. 10-19; Haskey, J., The proportion of married couples who divorce: Past patterns and current prospects (1996) Population Trends, 83, pp. 25-36; Hoem, B., Hoem, J.M., The disruption of marital and non-marital unions in contemporary sweden (1992) Demographic Applications of Event History Analysis, pp. 61-93. , J. Trussell, R. Hankinson and J. Tilton (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press; Hoem, J.M., (1995) Educational Capital and Divorce Risk in Sweden in the 1970S and 1980S, , Stockholm Research Reports in Demography no 95. University of Stockholm; Kiernan, K., Teenage marriage and marital breakdown : A longitudinal study (1986) Population Studies, 40 (1), pp. 35-54; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46 (2), pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing stars-a longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37 (3), pp. 363-380; Levinger, G., A social psychological perspective on marital dissolution (1976) Journal of Social Issues, 32, pp. 21-42; Lillard, L.A., Brien, M.J., Waite, L.J., Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital dissolution : A matter of self selection? (1995) Demography, 32 (3), pp. 437-457; Macklin, E., Nonmarital heterosexual cohabitation: A review of the recent literature (1978) Marriage and Family Review, 1 (2), pp. 1-12; Manting, D., (1992) The Break-Up of Unions: The Role of Cohabitation., , PDOD Working Paper no. 11. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam; Barbara, M., Hagell, A., Poor readers in adulthood: Psychosocial functioning (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 457-476; Sara, M., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational consequences of family disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 130-152; Michael, R.T., Tuma, N.B., Entry into marriage and parenthood by young men and women-the influence of family background (1985) Demography, 22 (4), pp. 515-544; Morgan, S.P., Rindfuss, R., Marital disruption: Structural and temporal dimensions (1985) American Journal of Sociology, 90 (5), pp. 1055-1077; Murphy, M.J., Demographic and socio-economic influences on recent british marital breakdown patterns (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 441-460; Murphy, M., Marital breakdown and socioeconomic status: A reappraisal of evidence from recent british sources (1985) The British Journal of Sociology, 36 (1), pp. 81-93; Ni, B., Máire, R.C., Diamond, I., Educational and socio-demographic outcomes among the children of disrupted and intact marriages (1994) Population, 49 (6), p. 1585; Trevor, N., Family breakdown and social networks (1970) British Journal of Sociology, 21 (2), pp. 135-150; Oppenheimer, V., A theory of marriage timing (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (3), pp. 563-591; Quinton, D., Pickles, A., Maughan, B., Rutter, M., Partners, peers and pathways; assortative pairing and continuities in conduct disorder (1993) Development and Psychopathology, 5, pp. 763-783; Russell, S.T., Life course antecedents of premarital conception in great britain (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 480-492; Rutter, M., A childrens behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings” (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Robert, S., First unions and the stability of first marriages (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 281-284; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , National Child Development Study User Support Group Working Paper 1. London: City University; Teachman, J.D., Early marriage, premarital fertility, and marital dissolution: Results for black and whites (1983) Journal of Family Issues, 4 (1), pp. 105-126; Teachman, J.D., Polonko, K.A., Cohabitation and marital stability (1990) Social Forces, 69 (1), pp. 207-220; Teachman, J.D., Thomas, J., Paasch, K., Legal status and the stability of coresidential unions (1991) Demography, 28, pp. 571-586; Thomson, E., Colella, U., Cohabitation and marital stability: Quality or commitment? (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 259-267; Thornton, A., Influence of the marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitational experiences of children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 868-894; Trussell, J., Rodríguez, G., Vaughan, B., Union dissolution in sweden (1992) Demographic Applications of Event History Analysis, pp. 38-60. , James Trussell. Richard Hankinson, and Judith Tilton (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press; White, L.K., Determinants of divorce: A review' of research in the eighties (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 904-912 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032994394&doi=10.1080%2f00324720308066&partnerID=40&md5=dc8f65db96b74ac10503b394fcafa2f2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How unequally has equal pay progressed since the 1970s? A study of two British cohorts T2 - Journal of Human Resources J2 - J. Hum. Resour. VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 534 EP - 556 PY - 1999 SN - 0022166X (ISSN) AU - Makepeace, G. AU - Paci, P. AU - Joshi, H. AU - Dolton, P. AD - Department of Economics, Cardiff Business School, University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom AD - Department of Economics, City University, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Economics, Center for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Economics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia AB - This paper compares the gender gap in the pay of British, full-time workers from two cohorts, born in 1946 and 1958 and observed in their early thirties in 1978 and 1991 respectively. These dates are separated by 13 years of Equal Pay Legislation coupled with active labor market deregulation. Although women's human capital endowments had improved on average more than men's, there may have been little improvement in the differential treatment of the average woman in full-time employment. When the whole distribution of female earnings was considered, a general improvement in the treatment of women became apparent. KW - gender disparity KW - wage gap KW - womens employment KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joshi, H.; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAL, United Kingdom N1 - References: Blackaby, D., Clark, K., Leslie, D., Murphy, P., The distribution of male and female earnings 1973-91: Evidence for Britain (1997) Oxford Economic Papers, 49 (2), pp. 256-273; Blau, F., Kahn, L., The gender earnings gap: Some international evidence (1994) Differences and Changes in Wage Structures, , ed. Richard Freeman, and Lawrence Katz. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Rising wage inequality and the U.S. gender gap (1994) American Economics Review, 84 (4), pp. 436-465; Blinder, A., Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural variables (1973) Journal of Human Resources, 8 (4), pp. 436-465; Dolton, P., Makepeace, G., The statistical measurement of discrimination (1985) Economics Letters, 18, pp. 391-395; Dolton, P., O'Neill, D., Sweetman, O., Gender differences in the changing labor market: The role of legislation and inequality in changing the wage gap for qualified workers (1996) Journal of Human Resources, 31 (3), pp. 549-565; Ermisch, J., Joshi, H., Wright, R., Women's wages in great Britain (1991) Women's Wages: Stability and Change in Six Industrial Countries, , ed. Stephen Willborn. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Harkness, S., The gender earnings gap: Evidence from the U.K. (1996) Fiscal Studies, 17, pp. 1-36; Jenkins, S., Earnings discrimination measurement (1994) Journal of Econometrics, 61 (1), pp. 81-102; Jones, F.L., On decomposing the wage gap: A critical comment on Blinder's method (1983) Journal of Human Resources, 18 (1), pp. 126-130; Joshi, H., Newell, M.-L., Pay differentials and parenthood: Analysis of men and women born in 1946 (1989) Institute of Employment Research Report, , Coventry: University of Warwick; Joshi, H., Paci, P., (1998) Unequal Pay for Men and Women, , Cambridge: MIT Press; Juhn, C., Murphy, K., Pierce, B., Wage inequality and the rise in returns to skill (1993) Journal of Political Economy, 101 (3), pp. 410-442; Killingsworth, M., Heterogeneous preferences, compensating wage differentials and comparable worth (1987) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 102 (4), pp. 727-742; Lambert, P., (1993) The Distribution and Redistribution of Income: A Mathematical Analysis, , Manchester: Manchester University Press; Manning, A., The equal pay act as an experiment to test theories of the labour market (1996) Economica, 63 (250), pp. 191-212; Oaxaca, R., Male-female wage differentials in urban labour markets (1973) International Economic Review, 14 (3), pp. 693-709; Paci, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., Pay gaps facing men and women born in 1958: Differences within the labour market (1995) The Economics of Equal Opportunities, pp. 87-111. , ed. Jane Humphries, and Jill Rubery, Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission; Wadsworth, M., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Zabalza, A., Arrufat, J., The extent of sex discrimination in great Britain (1985) Women and Equal Pay: the Effects of Legislation on Female Employment and Wages in Britain, , ed. Antoni Zabalza and Zafiris Tzannatos. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032719727&partnerID=40&md5=684e433bb906ab9bed723f29e417aff0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social inequalities in health: Are there gender differences? T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 60 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00288-3 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Matthews, S. AU - Manor, O. AU - Power, C. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Inst. Child Hlth., 30 Guilford S., London, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., The Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Some studies suggest that socio-economic status (SES) inequalities in health are smaller in women than men, but the evidence is inconsistent as to whether this applies across various health measures and life stages. The first aim of this paper was to establish whether the magnitude of social inequality in health differs for men and women during early adulthood, specifically in respect to self rated health, limiting long-standing illness, psychological distress, respiratory symptoms, asthma/wheezing, height and obesity; second, to determine whether explanations for socioeconomic inequality in poor self rated health differ for men and women. Analyses are based on longitudinal data from the British 1958 birth cohort study using information from birth to age 33. When gender differences in inequalities were examined using social class, no significant differences emerged across the seven health measures examined at ages 23 and 33. SES inequalities based on education, however, showed greater inequality among men at age 33 for limiting long-standing illness and respiratory symptoms, but greater inequality among women for poor rated health at age 23 and psychological distress at age 33. Hence, gender differences in the magnitude of health inequality were inconsistent across age and health measures. An analysis of the contribution of explanatory factors to social class differences in self- rated health suggested that causes of inequality were similar for men and women. However, some discrepancies emerged, notably in the greater contribution of job insecurity to class differences for men and in the greater contribution of age at first child for women. The magnitude and explanations for gender differences in SES health inequalities are likely to vary according to life stage and health measure. KW - Education KW - Gender KW - Health KW - Longitudinal KW - Social class KW - Socioeconomic inequalities KW - gender disparity KW - health status KW - socioeconomic status KW - adult KW - article KW - asthma KW - distress syndrome KW - employment KW - female KW - gender KW - health status KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - sex difference KW - short stature KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - wheezing KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Statistics KW - Women's Health KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :145 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 10048837 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Matthews, S.; Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: s.matthews@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Appels, A., Bosma, H., Grabauskas, A., Gostautas, A., Sturmans, F., Self rated health and mortality in a Lithuanian and Dutch population (1996) Soc. Sci. Med., 42 (5), pp. 681-689; Arber, S., Gender and class inequalities in health: understanding the differentials (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, pp. 250-279. , In: Fox, A.J. (Ed.), Aldershot, Gower; Arber, S., Comparing inequalities in women's and men's health: Britain in the 1990s (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44 (6), pp. 773-787; Arber, S., Gilbert, N., Dale, A., Paid employment and women's health: A benefit or a source of role strain? (1985) Sociol. Health Illness, 7 (3), pp. 375-400; Backlund, E., Sorlie, P.D., Johnson, N.J., The shape of the relationship between income and mortality in the United States: Evidence from the national longitudinal mortality study (1996) Ann. Epidemiol., 6, pp. 12-20; Bartley, M., Popay, J., Plewis, I., Domestic conditions, paid employment and women's experience of ill-health (1992) Sociol. Health Illness, 14 (3), pp. 315-343; Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social class differences in years of potential life lost: Size, trends, and principal causes (1990) Brit. Med. J., 301, pp. 429-432; Blane, D., Bartley, M., Davey Smith, G., Filakti, H., Bethune, A., Harding, S., Social patterning of medical mortality in youth and early adulthood (1994) Soc. Sci. Med., 39 (3), pp. 361-366; Cox, B.D., Huppert, F.A., Whichelow, M.J., (1993) The Health and Lifestyle Survey: Seven Years on, , Darmouth Publishing, Aldershot; Dahl, E., Inequality in health and the class position of women - The Norwegian experience (1991) Sociol. Health Illness, 13 (4), pp. 492-505; Dahl, E., Social inequality in health: The role of the healthy worker effect (1993) Soc. Sci. Med., 36, pp. 1077-1086; Dahl, E., Social inequalities in ill-health: The significance of occupational status, education and income-results from a Norwegian survey (1994) Sociol. Health Illness, 16 (5), pp. 644-667; Davey-Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black Report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on (1990) Brit. Med. J., 301, pp. 373-377; Davey-Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., Black on class and health - A reply to Strong (1991) J. Public Health Med., 13, pp. 350-357; Diez-Roux, A.V., Javier-Nieto, F., Tyroler, H.E., Crum, L.D., Szklo, M., Social inequalities and atherosclerosis (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol., 141, pp. 960-972; Eachus, J., Williams, M., Chan, P., Davey Smith, G., Grainge, M., Donovan, J., Frankel, S., Deprivation and cause specific morbidity: Evidence from the Somerset and Avon survey of health (1992) Brit. Med. J., 312, pp. 287-292; Elander, J., Rutter, M., Use and development of the Rutter parents' and teachers scales (1995) Int. J. Methods Psych. Res., 5 (151), pp. 1-16; Elo, I.T., Preston, S.H., Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-85 (1996) Soc. Sci. Med., 42, pp. 47-57; Emslie, C., Hunt, K., Macintyre, S., Problematising gender, work and health. The relative importance of gender, occupational grade and working conditions in explaining minor morbidity among full-time bank employees (1998) Soc. Sci. Med., , (this issue); Feldman, J.J., Makuc, D.M., Kleinman, J.C., Cornoni-Huntley, J., National trends in educational differentials in mortality (1989) Am. J. Epidemiol., 129 (5), pp. 919-933; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , (Ed.), National Children's Bureau, London; Ford, G., Ecob, R., Hunt, K., Macintyre, S., West, P., Patterns of class inequality in health through the lifespan: Class gradients at 15, 35, and 55 years in the west coast of Scotland (1994) Soc. Sci. Med., 39 (8), pp. 1037-1050; Fox, J., (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, , (Ed.) Gower, Aldershot; Ghodsian, M., Fogelman, K., Lambert, L., Tibbenham, A., Changes in behaviour ratings of a national sample of children (1980) Brit. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol., 19, pp. 247-256; Gijsbers Van Wijk, C.M.T., Kolk, A.M., Van Den Bosch, W.J.H.M., Van Den Hoogen, H.J.M., Male and female health problems in general practice: The differential impact of social position and social roles (1995) Soc. Sci. Med., 40 (5), pp. 597-611; Hadley, J., Osei, A., Does income affect mortality? An analysis of the effects of different types of income on age/sex/race-specific mortality rates in the United States (1982) Med. Care, 20 (9), pp. 901-914; House, J.S., Kessler, R.C., Herzog, A.R., Mero, R.P., Kinney, A.M., Breslow, M.J., Age, socioeconomic status and health (1990) Milbank Quart., 68, pp. 383-411; Hunt, K., Annandale, E., Just the job? Is the relationship between health and domestic and paid work gender specific? (1993) Sociol. Health Illness, 15 (5), pp. 632-664; Idler, E.L., Angel, R.L., Self rated health and mortality in the NHANES-1 epidemiologic follow up study (1990) Am. J. Public Health, 80 (4), pp. 446-452; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) Am. J. Epidemiol., 117, pp. 292-304; Koskinen, S., Martelin, T., Why are socioeconomic mortality differences smaller among women than among men? (1994) Soc. Sci. Med., 38 (10), pp. 1385-1396; Lahelma, E., Manderbacka, K., Rahkonen, O., Karisto, A., Comparisons of inequalities in health: Evidence from national surveys in Finland, Norway and Sweden (1994) Soc. Sci. Med., 38 (4), pp. 517-524; Lahelma, E., Rahkonen, O., Huuhka, M., Changes in the social patterning of health? The case of Finland 1986-1994 (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44 (6), pp. 789-799; Lahelma, E., Martikainen, P., Rahkonen, O., Silventoinen, K., Gender differences in ill health: patterns, magnitude and change (1998) Soc. Sci. Med., , (this issue); Macintyre, S., The Black report and beyond: What are the issues? (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44 (6), pp. 723-745; Macintyre, S., Social inequalities and health in the contemporary world: A comparative overview (1998) Human Biology and Social Inequality, , In: Strickland, S., Shetty, P. (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Macintyre, S., Hunt, K., Socio-economic position, gender and health (1997) J. Health Psychol., 2 (3), pp. 315-334; Macran, S., Clarke, L., Sloggett, A., Bethune, A., Women's socioeconomic status and self assessed health: Identifying some disadvantaged groups (1994) Sociol. Health Illness, 16 (2), pp. 182-208; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 45 (5), pp. 761-771; Marmot, M., Ryff, C.D., Bumpass, L.L., Shipley, M., Marks, N.F., Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44 (6), pp. 901-910; Martikainen, P., Socioeconomic mortality differentials in men and women according to own and spouse's characteristics in Finland (1995) Sociol. Health Illness, 17 (3), pp. 353-375; Matthews, S., Hertzman, C., Ostry, A., Power, C., Gender, work roles and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health (1998) Soc. Sci. Med., 46, pp. 1417-1424; (1970) Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms, , Medical Research Council, MRC, London; Millar, W.J., Sex differentials in mortality by income level in urban Canada (1983) Can. J. Public Health, 74 (5), pp. 329-334; Moller, L., Kristensen, T.S., Holinagel, H., Self rated health as a predictor of coronary heart disease in Copenhagen, Denmark (1996) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health, 50, pp. 423-428; Morrison, C., Woodward, M., Leslie, W., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Effect of socioeonomic group on incidence of, management of, and survival after myocardial infarction and coronary death: Analysis of community coronary event register (1997) Brit. Med. J., 314, pp. 541-546; Moser, K.A., Pugh, H.S., Goldblatt, P.O., Inequalities in women's health: Looking at mortality differentials using an alternative approach (1988) Brit. Med. J., 296, pp. 1221-1224; (1980) Classification of Occupations, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, HMSO, London; (1990) Standard Occupational Classification, Volume 1: Structure of the Classification, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and Employment Department Group, HMSO, London; Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., Fisher, G., The increasing disparity in mortality between socio-economic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986 (1993) New Engl. J. Med., 329, pp. 103-108; Popay, J., Bartley, M., Owen, C., Gender inequalities in health: Social position, affective disorders and minor physical morbidity (1993) Soc. Sci. Med., 36 (1), pp. 21-32; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) Brit. Med. J., 313, pp. 449-453; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , Chapman Hall, London; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 birth cohort (1997) Am. J. Public Health, 87 (9), pp. 1499-1503; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E., Gender, social class and illness among young people (1992) Soc. Sci. Med., 346, pp. 649-656; Rose, D., (1995) A Report on Phase I of the ESRC Review of OPCS Social Classifications, , OPCS, London; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London; Shepherd, P., (1984) Earnings and Income and Other Aspects of the Financial Circumstances of the NCDS Cohort at 23, , NCDS4 Working paper number 19 SSRU: City University London; Stansfeld, S.A., Marmot, M.G., Social class and minor psychiatric disorder in British civil servants: A validated screening survey using the general health questionnaire (1992) Psychol. Med., 22, pp. 739-749; Stronks, K., Van De Mheen, H., Van Den Bos, J., Mackenbach, J.P., Smaller socioeconomic inequalities in health among women: The role of employment status (1995) Int. J. Epidemiol., 24 (3), pp. 559-568; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., Inequalities in Health (1992) The Black Report and the Health Divide, pp. 1-218. , Penguin, Harmondsworth; Vagero, D., Lundberg, O., Health inequalities in Britain and Sweden (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 35-36; Valkonen, T., Adult mortality and level of education: A comparison of six countries (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, pp. 142-160. , In: Fox, J. (Ed.) Gower, Aldershot; Valkonen, T., Martelin, T., Rimpela, A., (1990) Socio-economic Mortality Differences in Finland 1971-1985, , Central Statistical Office of Finland, Helsinki; Valkonen, T., Martelin, T., Rimpela, A., Notkola, V., Savela, S., (1993) Socioeconomic Mortality Differences in Finland 1981-1990, , Statistics Finland, Helsinki; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessed health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol., 20, pp. 239-245; West, P., Health inequalities in the early years: Is there equalisation in youth? (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 44 (6), pp. 833-858 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032898666&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2898%2900288-3&partnerID=40&md5=98fe136da587c27a555270a535cbd5d2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental divorce and partnership dissolution in adulthood: Evidence from a British cohort study T2 - Population Studies J2 - Popul. Stud. VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 48 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1080/00324720308068 SN - 00324728 (ISSN) AU - Kiernan, K.E. AU - Cherlin, A.J. AD - London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom AD - Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, United States AB - From a longitudinal survey of a British cohort born in 1958 this study finds that, by age 33, off-spring of parents who divorced are more likely to have dissolved their first partnerships. This finding persists after taking into account age at first partnership, type of first partnership (marital, pre-marital cohabiting union, and cohabiting union), and indicators of class background and childhood and adolescent school achievement and behaviour problems. Some of these factors are associated with partnership dissolution in their own right, but the association between parental divorce and second generation partnership dissolution is largely independent of them. Demographic factors, including type of and age at first partnership, were important links between parental divorce and partnership dissolution. Moreover, the estimated effects of parental divorce were substantially reduced when the demographic variables were taken into account, suggesting that cohabitation and early partnership may be important pathways through which a parental divorce, or the unmeasured characteristics correlated with it, affect partnership dissolution. © 1999 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. KW - cohabitation KW - demographic trend KW - marriage KW - social structure KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :48 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kiernan, K.E.; London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Bennett, N.G., Blanc, A.K., Bloom, D.E., Commitment and the modern union: Assessing the link between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital instability (1988) American Sociological Review, 53, pp. 127-138; Bracher, M., Santow, G., Morgan, S.P., Trussell, J., Marriage dissolution in australia: Models and explanations (1993) Population Studies, 47 (3), pp. 403-425; Bumpass, L.L., Castro Martin, T., Swreet, J.A., The impact of family background and early marital factors on marital disruption (1991) Journal of Family Issues, 12 (1), pp. 22-42; Bumpass, L.L., Sweet, J.A., Differentials in marital instability (1972) American Sociological Review, 37, pp. 754-755; Bumpass, L.L., Sweet, J.A., National estimates of cohabitation: Cohort levels and union stability (1989) Demography, 25, pp. 615-625; Cherlin, A., Furstenberg, F.F., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K.E., Robins, P., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in great britain and the united states (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389; Cherlin, A., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (With discussion) (1972) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 34, pp. 187-220. , Series B; Haskey, J., Pre-marital cohabitation and the probability of subsequent divorce (1992) Population Trends, 68, pp. 10-19. , HMSO, London; Heckman, J.J., Sample selection bias as a specification error (1979) Econometrica, 47, pp. 153-161; Hetherington, M., Parents, children and siblings six years after divorce (1988) Relationships within Families, , R. Hinde and J. Stevenson-Hinde (eds), Oxford: Clarendon Press; Hetherington, M., Coping with family transitions: Winners, losers and survivors (1989) Child Development, 60, pp. 1-14; Hoem, J.M., (1991) Trends and Patterns in Swedish Divorce Risks 1971-1989: A Case of Modern Demographic Analysis, , Research Reports in Demography, University of Stockholm; Hoem, J.M., Hoem, B., The disruption of marital and non-marital unions in contemporary sweden (1992) Demographic Applications of Event History Analysis, , J. Trussell, R. Hankinson and J. Tilton, Oxford: Clarendon Press; Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., (1996) Partnership Formation and Dissolution in Great Britain, , Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, 96-10, Colchester University of Essex; Kalbleish, J.D., Prentice, R.L., (1980) The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, , New York: Wiley; Kiernan, K.E., Teenage marriage and marital breakdown: A longitudinal study (1986) Population Studies, 40 (1), pp. 35-54; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46 (2), pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K., Hobcraft, J.N., Parental divorce during childhood: Age at first intercourse, partnership and parenthood (1997) Population Studies, 51 (1), pp. 41-55; Klijzing, F., Weeding in the netherlands: First union disruption among men and women born between 1928 and 1965” (1992) European Sociological Review, 8 (1), pp. 53-70; Leridon, H., Cohabitation, marriage and separation: An analysis of life histories of french cohorts 1968 to 1995 (1990) Population Studies, 44 (1), pp. 127-144; Lewis, J., Kiernan, K.E., The boundaries between marriage, non-marriage and parenthood: Changes in behaviour and policy in post-war britain (1996) Journal of Family History, 20 (3), pp. 372-387; Maddala, G.S., (1983) Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L.L., Intergenerational consequences of family disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (1), pp. 130-152; Morrison Ruane, D., Cherlin, A., The divorce process and young childrens well-being: A prospective analysis” (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 800-812; Murphy, M., Demographic and socio-economic influences on recent british marital breakdown patterns (1985) Population Studies, 39 (3), pp. 441-460; Pope, H., Mueller, C.W., The intergenerational transmission of marital instability: Comparisons by race and sex (1976) Journal of Social Issues, 32 (1), pp. 49-66; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health, and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS User Support Group, Working Paper No. I City University; Thornton, A., Influence of marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitational experiences of children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 868-894 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032993080&doi=10.1080%2f00324720308068&partnerID=40&md5=9e600e0916d22ca984fa3cdb337fdba5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pre-school education and attainment in the National Child Development Study and British Cohort Study T2 - Education Economics J2 - Educ. Econ. VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 209 EP - 234 PY - 1999 SN - 09645292 (ISSN) AU - Feinstein, L. AU - Robertson, D. AU - Symons, J. AD - Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Houghton St., London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom AB - This paper considers the effect of how children pass time before entrance to school on attainment in primary school. We find in National Child Development Study data that children perform marginally better at 7 and 11 if they spent time with their mother, or at a pre-school, rather than in informal care. This holds when one controls for parental education, social class and assessed parental interest in the child's education, as well as the quality of the peer group. In the British Cohort Study, however, time spent in nurseries effected no improvement in mathematics at 10 as compared with time in informal care, and pre-school children were performing much worse in reading. This worse performance was traceable to reduced vocabulary at 5. Pre-school children were more advanced in copying at 5 relative to children in informal care, but, while copying is a good predictor of scores in both mathematics and reading at 10, this advancement had been offset by then. KW - child development KW - educational attainment KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Houghton St., London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032706967&partnerID=40&md5=67299f3a018464e3d2c2401174aa3dcd ER - TY - JOUR TI - The growth and development of the Annals of Human Biology: A 25-year retrospective T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 18 PY - 1999 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Tanner, J.M. AD - Stentwood Coach House, Dunkeswell, Devon, United Kingdom AB - The history of the founding in 1958 of the Society for the Study of Human Biology is outlined, and the circumstances in which the Annals of Human Biology began publication in 1974. The contents of the papers published 1974-1997 are reviewed; about 40% concern Population Biology, 40% Auxology and 20% Population Physiology. Some outstanding contributions in the first two of these fields are mentioned. Many consist of groups of papers from an ongoing Study: 11 papers from the Otmoor villages study by Harrison and colleagues, and 11 concerning the growth of children in the Zurich Longitudinal Study, by Gasser and colleagues. Papers concerning the analysis of growth data and modelling of the growth curve, especially by Healy, are noted, and papers giving evidence of mini-spurts in growth and the saltation-stasis growth model are recalled. Wilson's papers on catch-up and growth regulation in twins are reviewed; also the contribution to growth-as-a-mirror of social conditions by workers at the Stockholm Institute of Education. The National Study of Health and Growth, led by Rona, contributed 13 papers over 14 years to the Annals, and there were outstanding one-off papers from the National Child Development Study, and the Cuban National Growth Study of 1972, and concerning the secular trend towards greater leg length in Japan, the upward social mobility of the taller of pairs of brothers, the growth of 18th century children in Vienna and Stuttgart and the measurements of 19th century slaves in the USA. KW - article KW - biology KW - health care organization KW - history KW - human KW - publication KW - United Kingdom KW - Biology KW - Great Britain KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Periodicals KW - Societies, Scientific N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 9974080 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Tanner, J.M.; Stentwood Coach House, Honiton, Devon EX14 0RW, United Kingdom N1 - References: Ahmed, S.F., Wallace, W.H.B., Kelnar, C.J.H., Knemometry in childhood: A study to compare the precision of two different techniques (1995) Annals of Human Biology, 22, pp. 247-252; Bailey, R.C., The comparative growth of Efe pygmies and African farmers from birth to age 5 years (1991) Annals of Human Biology, 18, pp. 113-120; Benso, L., Lorenzino, C., Pastorin, L., Barotto, M., Signorile, F., Mostert, M., The distribution of age at menarche in a random series of Turin girls followed longitudinally (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 549-552; Berkey, C.S., Reed, R.B., Valadian, I., Midgrowth spurt in height of Boston children (1983) Annals of Human Biology, 10, pp. 25-30; Berkey, C.S., Reed, R.B., Valadian, I., Longitudinal growth standards for preschool children (1983) Annals of Human Biology, 10, pp. 57-67; Bielicki, T., Charzewski, J., Body height and upward social mobility (1983) Annals of Human Biology, 10, pp. 403-408; Bielicki, T., Waliszko, H., Stature, upward social mobility and the nature of statural differences between social classes (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 589-594; Bielicki, T., Waliszko, A., Hulanicka, B., Kotlarz, K., Social-class gradients in menarchcal age in Poland (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13, pp. 1-11; Bookstein, F.L., Tensor biometrics for changes in cranial shape (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 11, pp. 413-438; Brudevoll, J.E., LiestØl, K., WallØe, L., Menarcheal age in Oslo during the last 140 years (1979) Annals of Human Biology, 6, pp. 407-416; Butler, G.E., McKie, M., Ratcliffe, S.G., The cyclical nature of prepubertal growth (1990) Annals of Human Biology, 17, pp. 177-198; Cameron, N., Conditional standards for growth in height of British children from 5.0 to 15.99 years of age (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 331-337; Cernerud, L., The association between height and some structural social variables: A study of 10-year-old children in Stockholm during 40 years (1993) Annals of Human Biology, 20, pp. 469-476; Cernerud, L., Lindgren, G.W., Secular changes in height and weight of Stockholm school-children born in 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963 (1991) Annals of Human Biology, 18, pp. 497-505; Chinn, S., Mixed longitudinal studies: Their efficieny for the estimation of trends over time (1988) Annals of Human Biology, 15, pp. 443-454; Chinn, S., A new method for calculation of height centiles for preadolescent children (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 221-232; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., The secular trend in the height of primary school children in England and Scotland from 1972 to 1980 (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 11, pp. 1-16; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Secular trends in weight, weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness in primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland from 1972 to 1980 (1987) Annals of Human Biology, 14, pp. 311-319; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Price, C.E., The secular trend in height of primary school children in England and Scotland 1972-79 and 1979-86 (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 387-395; Cole, T.J., Using the LMS method to measure skewness in the NCHS and Dutch National height standards (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 407-419; Coleman, D.A., The geography of marriage in Britain, 1920-1960 (1977) Annals of Human Biology, 4, pp. 101-132; Coleman, D.A., Marriage and mobility in Britain - Secular trends in a nationwide sample (1977) Annals of Human Biology, 4, pp. 309-330; Coleman, D.A., The effect of socio-economic class, regional origin and other variables on marital mobility in Britain 1920-1960 (1981) Annals of Human Biology, 8, pp. 1-24; Davies, H.A., Pickering, M., Wales, J.K.H., A portable knemometer: A technique for assessment of short-term growth (1996) Annals of Human Biology, 23, pp. 149-157; El Lozy, M., A critical analysis of the double and triple logistic growth curves (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 389-394; Fischbein, S., Intra-pair similarity in physical growth of monozygotic and of dizygotic twins during puberty (1977) Annals of Human Biology, 4, pp. 417-430; Fischbein, S., Intra-pair similarity in IQ of monozygotic and dizygotic male twins at 12 and 18 years of age (1979) Annals of Human Biology, 6, pp. 495-504; Fischbein, S., Intra-pair similarity in physical growth of opposite-sex twin pairs during puberty (1983) Annals of Human Biology, 10, pp. 135-145; Fischbein, S., Nordqvist, T., Profile comparisons of physical growth for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 321-328; Gasser, T., Kneip, A., Binding, A., Prader, A., Molinari, L., The dynamics of linear growth in distance, velocity and acceleration (1991) Annals of Human Biology, 18, pp. 187-205; Gasser, T., Kneip, A., Ziegler, P., A method for determining the dynamics and intensity of average growth (1990) Annals of Human Biology, 17, pp. 459-474; Gasser, T., Kneip, A., Ziegler, P., Largo, R., Molinari, L., Prader, A., The dynamics of growth of width in distance, velocity and acceleration (1991) Annals of Human Biology, 18, pp. 449-461; Gasser, T., Köhler, W., Müller, H.-G., Kneip, A., Largo, R., Molinari, L., Prader, A., Velocity and acceleration of height growth using kernel estimation (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 11, pp. 397-411; Gasser, T., Müller, H.-G., Köhler, W., Prader, A., Largo, R., Molinari, L., An analysis of the mid-growth and adolescent spurts of height based on acceleration (1985) Annals of Human Biology, 12, pp. 129-148; Gasser, T.H., Ziegler, P., Kneip, A., Prader, A., Molinari, L., Largo, R., The dynamics of growth of weight, circumferences and skinfolds in distance, velocity and acceleration (1993) Annals of Human Biology, 20, pp. 239-259; Gasser, T.H., Ziegler, P., Largo, R.H., Molinari, L., Prader, A., A longitudinal study of lean and fat areas at the arm (1994) Annals of Human Biology, 21, pp. 303-314; Gasser, T.H., Ziegler, P., Seifert, B., Prader, A., Molinari, L., Largo, R., Measures of body mass and obesity from infancy to adulthood and their appropriate transformation (1994) Annals of Human Biology, 21, pp. 111-126; Gibson, J.B., Harrison, G.A., Hiorns, R.W., A note on familial relations in IQ (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 363-365; Gibson, J.B., Harrison, G.A., Hiorns, R.W., Migration and the structure of the otmoor villages (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 11, pp. 275-280; Goldstein, H., Measuring the stability of individual growth patterns (1981) Annals of Human Biology, 8, pp. 549-557; Goldstein, H., Johnston, F.E., A method for studying shape change in children (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 33-39; Harrison, G., Collins, K., In memorium: J. S. Weiner (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 583-592; Harrison, G.A., Gibson, J.B., Hiorns, R.W., Wigley, M., Hancock, C., Freeman, C.A., Küchemann, C.F., Carrivick, P.J., Psychometric, personality and anthropometric variation in a group of Oxfordshire villages (1974) Annals of Human Biology, 1, pp. 365-382; Harrison, G.A., Küchemann, C.F., Hiorns, R.W., Carrivick, P.J., Social mobility, assortative marriage and their interrelationships with marital distance and age in Oxford City (1974) Annals of Human Biology, 1, pp. 211-224; Harrison, G.A., Palmer, C.D., Jenner, D., Reynolds, V., Similarities between husbands and wives in rates of catecholamine excretion (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 379-380; Hauspie, R.C., Wachholder, A., Baron, G., Cantraine, F., Susanne, C., Graffer, M., A comparative study of the fit of four different functions to longitudinal data of growth in height of Belgian girls (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 347-358; Healy, M.J.R., Notes on the statistics of growth standards (1974) Annals of Human Biology, 1, pp. 41-46; Healy, M.J.R., Normalizing transformations for growth standards (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 521-526; Healy, M.J.R., Goldstein, H., Regression to the mean (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 277-280; Healy, M.J.R., Rasbash, J., Yang, M., Distribution-free estimation of age-related centiles (1988) Annals of Human Biology, 15, pp. 17-22; Helm, P., Helm, S., Uncertainties in designation of age at menarche in the nineteenth century: Revised mean for Denmark, 1835 (1987) Annals of Human Biology, 14, pp. 371-374; Hermanussen, M., Geiger-Benoit, K., No evidence for saltation in human growth (1995) Annals of Human Biology, 22, pp. 341-345; Hermanussen, M., Geiger-Benoit, K., Burmeister, J., Sippell, W.G., Knemometry in childhood: Accuracy and standardization of a new technique of lower leg length measurement (1988) Annals of Human Biology, 15, pp. 1-16; Hermanussen, M., Geiger-Benoit, K., Burmeister, J., Sippell, W.G., Periodical changes of short term growth velocity ('mini growth spurts') in human growth (1988) Annals of Human Biology, 15, pp. 103-109; Heuck, C., Wolthers, O.D., Calculation of knemometric growth rates in group studies of children treated with exogenous glucocoricoids (1997) Annals of Human Biology, 24, pp. 411-418; Jordan, J., Ruben, M., Hernandez, J., Bebelagua, A., Tanner, J.M., Goldstein, H., The 1972 Cuban national child growth study as an example of population health monitoring: Design and methods (1975) Annals of Human Biology, 2, pp. 153-172; Kobyliansky, E., Livshits, G., A morphological approach to the problem of the biological similarity of Jewish and non-Jewish populations (1985) Annuls of Human Biology, 12, pp. 203-212; Kobyliansky, E., Micle, S., Goldschmidt-Nathan, M., Arensburg, B., Nathan, H., Jewish populations of the world: Genetic likeness and differences (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 1-34; Komlos, J., Patterns and children's growth in East-central Europe in the eighteenth century (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13, pp. 33-48; Komlos, J., Tanner, J.M., Davies, P.S.W., Cole, T., The growth of boys in the Stuttgart Carlschule, 1771-93 (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 139-152; Küchemann, C.F., Harrison, G.A., Hiorns, R.W., Carrivick, P.J., Social class and marital distance in Oxford City (1974) Annals of Human Biology, 1, pp. 13-28; Lampl, M., Johnson, M.L., A case study of daily growth during adolescence: A single spurt or changes in the dynamics of saltatory growth? (1993) Annals of Human Biology, 20, pp. 595-603; Lampl, M., Johnson, M.L., Wrinkles induced by the use of smoothing procedures applied to serial growth data (1998) Annals of Human Biology, 25, pp. 187-202; Lampl, M., Ashizawa, K., Kawabata, M., Johnson, M.L., An example of variation and pattern in saltation and stasis growth dynamics (1998) Annals of Human Biology, 25, pp. 203-219; Largo, R.H., Gasser, T.H., Prader, A., Stuetzle, W., Huber, P.J., Analysis of the adolescent growth spurt using smoothing spline functions (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 421-434; Lasker, G.W., Relationships among the otmoor villages and surrounding communities as infereed from surnames contained in the current register of electors (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 105-111; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 1-8; Leung, S.S.F., Lau, J.T.F., Xu, Y.Y., Tse, L.Y., Huen, K.F., Wong, G.W.K., Law, W.Y., Leung, N.K., Secular changes in standing height, sitting height and sexual maturation of Chinese - The Hong Kong growth study, 1993 (1996) Annals of Human Biology, 23, pp. 297-306; LiestØl, K., Social conditions and menarcheal age: The importance of early years of life (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 521-537; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban school children in relation to socioeconomic and regional factors (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, pp. 501-528; Lindgren, G., Growth of schoolchildren with early, average and late ages of peak height velocity (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 253-267; Lindgren, G., Peak velocities in height and mental performance. A longitudinal study of school-children aged 10-14 years (1979) Annals of Human Biology, 6, pp. 559-584; Lindgren, G.W., Cernerud, L., Physical Growth and socioeconomic background of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933-063 (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 1-16; Lindgren, G.W., Hauspie, R.C., Heights and weights of Swedish school children born in 1955 and 1967 (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 397-406; Ljung, B.-O., Bergsten-Brucefors, A., Lindgren, G., The secular trend in physical growth in Sweden (1974) Annals of Human Biology, 1, pp. 245-256; Marshall, W.A., De Limongi, Y., Skeletal maturity and the prediction of age at menarche (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, pp. 235-244; Newcombe, F.G., Ratcliff, G.G., Carrivick, P.J., Hiorns, R.W., Harrison, G.A., Gibson, J.B., Hand preference and I.Q. In a group of Oxfordshire villages (1975) Annals of Human Biology, 2, pp. 235-242; Palmer, C.D., Harrison, C.D., Hiorns, R.W., Association between smoking and drinking and sleep duration (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 103-108; Pan, H.Q., Goldstein, H., Yang, Q., Non-parametric estimation of age-related centiles over wide age ranges (1990) Annals of Human Biology, 17, pp. 475-481; Preece, M.A., Baines, M.J., A new family of mathematical models describing the human growth curve (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 1-24; Ramsey, J.O., Bock, R.D., Gasser, T., Comparison of height acceleration curves in the fels, Zurich, and Berkeley growth data (1995) Annals of Human Biology, 22, pp. 413-426; Rasbash, J., Healy, M.J.R., Data mangement for growth studies (1988) Annals of Human Biology, 15, pp. 269-273; Reynolds, V., Jenner, D.A., Palmer, C.D., Harrison, G.A., Catecholamine excretion rates in relation to life-styles in the male population of Otmoor, Oxfordshire (1981) Annals of Human Biology, 8, pp. 197-209; Roberts, D., (1959) Natural Selection in Human Populations, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Rona, R.J., Altman, D.G., National Study of Health and Growth: Standards of attained height, weight and triceps skinfold in English children 5 to 11 years old (1977) Annals of Human Biology, 4, pp. 501-523; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National Study of Health and Growth: Social and family factors and obesity in primary schoolchildren (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 131-146; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., The National Study of Health and Growth: Nutritional surveillance of primary school children from 1972 to 1981 with special reference to unemployment and social class (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 11, pp. 17-28; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National Study of Health and Growth: Social and biological factors associated with height of children from ethnic groups living in England (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13, pp. 453-471; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National Study of Health and Growth: Social and biological factors associated with weight-for-height and triceps skinfold of children from ethnic groups in England (1987) Annals of Human Biology, 14, pp. 231-248; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Father's unemployment and height of primary school children in Britain (1991) Annals of Human Biology, 18, pp. 441-448; Rona, R.J., Morris, R.W., National Study of Health and Growth: Social and family factors and overweight in English and Scottish parents (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 147-156; Rosenberg, M., Birth weights in three Norwegian cities, 1860-1984. Secular trends and influencing factors (1988) Annals of Human Biology, 15, pp. 275-288; Sandberg, L.G., Steckel, R.H., Heights and economic history: The Swedish case (1987) Annals of Human Biology, 14, pp. 101-110; Steckel, R.H., Growth depression and recovery: The remarkable case of American slaves (1987) Annals of Human Biology, 14, pp. 111-132; Summers, K.M., Harrison, G.A., Hume, D.A., Palmer, C.D., Urinary hormone levels: A population study of associations between steroid and catecholamine excretion rates (1983) Annals of Human Biology, 10, pp. 99-110; Tanner, J.M., Cameron, N., Investigation of the mid-growth spurt in height, weight and limb circumferences in single-year velocity data from the London 1966-67 growth survey (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 565-577; Tanner, J.M., Hayashi, T., Preece, M.A., Cameron, N., Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: Comparison with British and with Japanese Americans (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 411-424; Tanner, J.M., Hughes, P.C.R., Whitehouse, R.H., Radiographically determioned widths of bone, muscle and fat in the upper arm and calf from age 3-18 years (1981) Annals of Human Biology, 8, pp. 495-517; (1974) Annals of Human Biology, 1, p. 1. , Introduction to the Annals of Human Biology; Van Loon, H., Saverys, V., Vuylsteke, J.P., Vlietinck, R.F., Eeckels, R., Local versus universal growth standards: The effect of using NCHS as universal reference (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13, pp. 347-358; Ward, W.P., Weight at birth in Vienna, Austria, 1865-1930 (1987) Annals of Human Biology, 14, pp. 495-506; Weiner, J., Roberts, D., (1958) The Scope of Physical Anthropology and Its Place in Academic Studies, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Wilson, R.S., Twins: Measures of birth size at different gestational ages (1974) Annals of Human Biology, 1, pp. 57-64; Wilson, R.S., Growth standards for twins from birth to four years (1974) Annals of Human Biology, 1, pp. 175-188; Wilson, R.S., Concordance in physical growth for monozygotic and dizygotic twins (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, pp. 1-10; Wilson, R.S., Twin growth: Initial deficit, recovery, and trends in concordance from birth to nine years (1979) Annals of Human Biology, 6, pp. 205-220 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032945640&partnerID=40&md5=c7ada607bb5acfff483f45a320d2f32a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Study of environmental, social, and paternal factors in preterm delivery using sibs and half sibs. A population-based study in Denmark T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 20 EP - 23 PY - 1999 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Basso, O. AU - Olsen, J. AU - Christensen, K. AD - Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Social Med., Aarhus University, Høegh Guldbergsgade 10, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark AD - Centre for Health and Social Policy, Odense University, Denmark AB - Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on preterm delivery of changes in putative genetic and environmental risk factors between two consecutive births. Low social status is a suspected risk indicator of preterm delivery, but the impact of social mobility has not been studied before. Participants. The study uses national cohorts in which women act as their own controls. Subjects were identified by means of registries: 10,455 women who gave birth to a preterm child and had a subsequent live birth between 1980 and 1992 and 9849 women who gave birth to a child after 37 completed weeks of gestation and had a subsequent live born child in the same time period formed the cohorts. Methods. The risk of having a premature infant in the subsequent pregnancy was analysed in each cohort as a function of changes in male partner, residency, occupation, and social status between the two pregnancies. Results. There was a strong tendency to repeat a preterm delivery (18% v 6% in the general population). Social decline was associated with a moderate increase in the recurrence risk (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47). In the reference cohort the risk of preterm delivery associated with changing from a rural to an urban municipality was 2.03 (95% CI: 1.14, 3.64). Conclusions. Social decline and moving to an urban municipality may be associated with preterm delivery. KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - Denmark KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - occupation KW - paternity KW - premature labor KW - recurrence risk KW - risk assessment KW - sibling KW - social aspect KW - social status KW - urban area KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Denmark KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Recurrence KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Risk Factors KW - Sexual Partners KW - Social Mobility KW - Urban Health N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 10326048 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Basso, O.; Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Dept. Epidemiology Social Medicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh Guldbergsgade 10, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark N1 - References: Kramer, M.S., Intrauterine growth and gestational duration determination (1987) Pediatrics, 80, pp. 502-511; Main, D.M., The epidemiology of preterm birth (1988) CHn Obstet Gynecol, 31, pp. 521-532; Berkowitz, G.S., Papiernik, E., Epidemiology of preterm birth (1993) Epidemiol Rev, 15, pp. 414-443; Hack, M., Merkatz, I.R., Preterm delivery and low birth weight. A dire legacy (1995) N Engl J Med, 333, pp. 1772-1773; (1995) Medicinsk Fødselsstatistik 1993, p. 2. , Copenhagen: Sundhedsstatistikken; Lang, J.M., Lieberman, E., Cohen, A., A comparison of risk factors for preterm labor and term small-for-gestational-age birth (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 369-376; Keirse, M.J., Rush, R.W., Anderson, A.B., Risk of pre-term delivery in patients with previous pre-term delivery and or abortion (1978) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 85, pp. 81-85; Carr-Hill, R.A., Hall, M.H., The repetition of spontaneous pre-term labour (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 921-928; Mercer, B.M., Goldenberg, R.L., Das, A., The preterm prediction study: A clinical risk assessment system (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 174, pp. 1885-1895; Bakketeig, L., Hoffman, H.J., Harley, E.E., The tendency to repeat gestational age and birth weight in successive births (1979) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 135, pp. 1086-1103; Magnus, P., Bakketeig, L.S., Skjærven, R., Correlations of birth weight and gestational age across generations (1993) Ann Hum Biol, 20, pp. 231-238; Neale, M.C., Cardon, L.R., (1992) Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families, , Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic; Pickering, R.M., Forbes, J.F., Risks of preterm delivery and small-for-gesrational age infants following abortion: A population study (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 1106-1112; Meis, P.J., Michielutte, R., Peters, T.J., Factors associated with preterm birth in Cardiff, Wales. II. Indicated and spontaneous preterm birth (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 173, pp. 597-602; Basso, O., Olsen, J., Christensen, K., Risk of preterm delivery, low birthweight and growth retardation following spontaneous abortion: A registry-based study in Denmark (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 642-646; Ekwo, E.E., Gosselink, C.A., Woolson, R., Risks for premature rupture of amniotic membranes (1993) Int J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 496-503; Romero, R., Mazor, M., Infection and preterm labor (1988) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 31, pp. 553-584; Goldenberg, R.L., Iams, J.D., Mercer, B.M., The preterm prediction study: The value of new vs. standard risk factors in predicting early and all preterm births (1998) Am J Public Health, 88, pp. 233-238; Stein, A., Campbell, E.A., Day, A., Social adversity, low birth weight, and preterm delivery (1987) BMJ, 295, pp. 291-293; Christiansen, O.B., Epidemiological, immunogenetic and immunotherapeutic aspects of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (1997) Dan Med Bull, 44, pp. 396-424; Verp, M.S., Sibul, M., Billstrand, C., Maternal-fetal histocompatibility in intrauterine growth retarded and normal weight babies (1993) Am J Reprod Immunol, 29, pp. 195-198; Knudsen, L.B., The Danish Fertility Database (1998) Dan Med Bull, 45, pp. 221-225; (1986) Danmarks Statistiks Erhvervsgrupperingskode of 1 April 1977. 4. Udgave, , Copenhagen: Danmarks Statistik; Parker, J.D., Schoendorf, K.C., Kiely, J.L., Associations between measures of socioeconomic status and low birth weight, small for gestational age, and premature delivery in the United States (1994) Ann Epidemiol, 4, pp. 271-278; Rothman, K.J., Causes (1976) Am J Epidemiol, 104, pp. 587-592; (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. 90-95; Olsen, J., Schmidt, M.M., Christensen, K., Evaluation of nature-nurture impact on reproductive health using half-siblings. The computerized square dance study design (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 6-11; Wildschut, H.I.J., Nas, T., Golding, J., Are sociodemographic factors predictive of preterm birth? A reappraisal of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104, pp. 57-63; Lumley, J., How important is social class a factor in preterm birth? (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 1040-1041; Basso, O., Olsen, J., Johansen, A.M.T., Change in social status and risk of low birth weight in Denmark: Population-based cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 1498-1502; Savitz, D.A., Blackmore, C.A., Thorp, J.M., Epidemiologic characteristics of preterm delivery: Etiologic heterogeneity (1991) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 164, pp. 467-471 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032942073&partnerID=40&md5=ac615e00ad7e14ee61ceee19580bc663 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cigarette smoking during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia: A systematic review T2 - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology J2 - Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. VL - 181 IS - 4 SP - 1026 EP - 1035 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70341-8 SN - 00029378 (ISSN) AU - Conde-Agudelo, A. AU - Althabe, F. AU - Belizán, J.M. AU - Kafury-Goeta, A.C. AD - Hospital de Clinicas, piso 16, Casilla de Correo 627, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay AB - In this systematic review of the existing evidence regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking during pregnancy and preeclampsia, studies were found through searches of MEDLIN E (1966-October 31, 1998), Embase, Popline, CINAHL, Lilacs, bibliographies of identified studies, and proceedings of meetings on preeclampsia, and also through contact with relevant researchers. No language restrictions were imposed. Only cohort and case-control studies dealing with the relationship between cigarette smoking and preeclampsia were considered. Assessment of methodologic quality and data extraction of each study were carried out by 2 authors working independently. Typical relative risks and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for cohort and case-control studies, respectively, with both fixed and random effects models. Twenty-eight cohort studies and 7 case-control studies including a total of 833,714 women were included. All cohort studies reported an inverse association between cigarette smoking during pregnancy and incidence of preeclampsia (typical relative risk, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.69). The findings were similar for case-control studies (typical odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.81). An inverse dose-response relationship was also found. Pooled data from cohort and case- control studies showed a lower risk of preeclampsia associated with cigarette smoking during pregnancy. KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Meta-analysis KW - Preeclampsia KW - Review KW - case control study KW - cigarette smoking KW - clinical trial KW - cohort analysis KW - conference paper KW - data analysis KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - maternal hypertension KW - meta analysis KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - statistical model PB - Mosby Inc. N1 - Cited By :233 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJOGA C2 - 10521771 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Conde-Agudelo, A.; Hospital de Clinicas, piso 16, Casilla de Correo 627, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay N1 - References: Fried, P.A., Prenatal exposure to tobacco and marijuana: Effects during pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood (1993) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 36, pp. 319-337; Ananth, C.V., Savitz, D.A., Luther, E.R., Maternal cigarette smoking as a risk factor for placental abruption, placenta previa, and uterine bleeding in pregnancy (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 144, pp. 881-889; Lee, M.J., Marihuana and tobacco use in pregnancy (1998) Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 25, pp. 65-83; Zhang, J., Zeisler, J., Hatch, M.C., Berkowitz, G., Epidemiology of pregnancy-induced hypertension (1997) Epidemiol Rev, 19, pp. 218-232; Marcoux, S., Brisson, J., Fabia, J., The effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 130, pp. 950-957; Altman, D.G., (1996) Practical Statistics for Medical Research, pp. 403-409. , London: Chapman & Hall; Levine, M., Walter, S., Lee, H., Haines, T., Holbrook, A., Moyer, V., Users' guides to the medical literature. IV. How to use an article about harm. Evidence-based Medicine Working Group (1994) JAMA, 271, pp. 1615-1619; Egger, M., Schneider, M., Davey Smith, G., Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 140-141; Downs, S.H., Black, N., The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 377-384; Horwitz, R.I., Feinstein, A.R., Methodologic standards and contradictory results in case-control research (1979) Am J Med, 66, pp. 556-564; Walter, S.D., Cook, R., A comparison of several point estimators of the odds ratio in a single 2 × 2 contingency table (1991) Biometrics, 47, pp. 795-811; Rothman, K.J., Boice, J.D., (1979) Epidemiologic Analysis with a Programmable Calculator, , Washington: Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare (US). NIH publication No.: 79-1949; Fleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, p. 173. , New York: Wiley; Greenland, S., Robins, J.M., Estimation of a common effect parameter from sparse follow-up data (1985) Biometrics, 41, pp. 48-55; DerSimonian, R., Charette, L.J., McPeek, B., Mosteller, F., Reporting on methods in clinical trials (1982) N Engl J Med, 306, pp. 1332-1337; DerSimonian, R., Laird, N., Meta-analysis in clinical trials (1986) Control Clin Trials, 7, pp. 177-188; Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., Minder, C., Bias in meta-analyses detected by a simple graphical test (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 629-634; Lowe, C.R., Effect of mothers' smoking habits on birth weight of their children (1959) BMJ, 2, pp. 673-676; Zabriskie, J.R., Effect of cigaret smoking during pregnancy (1963) Obstet Gynecol, 21, pp. 405-411; Underwood, P., Hester, L.L., Laffitte T., Jr., Gregg, K.V., The relationship of smoking to the outcome of pregnancy (1965) Am J Obstet Gynecol, pp. 270-276; Kizer, S., Influencia del habito de fumar sabre el embarazo, parto y recien nacido (1967) Rev Obstet Ginecol Venezuela, 27, pp. 595-643; Underwood, P.B., Kesler, K.K., O'Lane, J.M., Callagan, D.A., Parental smoking empirically related to pregnancy outcome (1967) Obstet Gynecol, 29, pp. 1-9; Russell, C.S., Taylor, R., Law, C.E., Smoking in pregnancy, maternal blood pressure, pregnancy outcome, baby weight and growth, and other related factors: A prospective study (1968) Br J Prev Soc Med, 22, pp. 119-126; Duffus, G.M., MacGillivray, I.M., The incidence of pre-eclamptic toxaemia in smokers and non-smokers (1968) Lancet, 1, pp. 994-995; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., The effects of smoking in pregnancy (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, pp. 72-84. , Butler NR, Alberman ED, editors. London: E & S Livingstone; Kullander, S., Källén, B., A prospective study of smoking and pregnancy (1971) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 50, pp. 83-94; Andrews, J., McGarry, J.M., A community study of smoking in pregnancy (1972) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 79, pp. 1057-1073; Palmgren, B., Wahlén, T., Wallander, B., Toxaemia and cigarette smoking during pregnancy (1973) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 52, pp. 183-185; Cope, I., Lancaster, P., Stevens, L., Smoking in pregnancy (1973) Med J Aust, 1, pp. 673-677; Hollingsworth, D.R., Moser, R.J., Carlson, J.W., Thompson, K.T., Abnormal adolescent primiparous pregnancy: Association of race, human chorionic somatomammotropin production, and smoking (1976) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 126, pp. 230-237; De Souza, S.W., John, R.W., Richards, B., Studies on the effect of maternal pre-eclamptic toxaemia on placental weight and on head size and birth weight of the newborn (1976) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 83, pp. 292-298; Ounsted, M., Scott, A., Smoking during pregnancy (1982) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 61, pp. 367-371; Cardozo, L.D., Gibb, D.M., Studd, J.W., Cooper, D.J., Social and obstetric features associated with smoking in pregnancy (1982) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 89, pp. 622-627; Hoff, C., Wertelecki, W., Blackburn, W.R., Mendenhall, H., Wiseman, H., Stumpe, A., Trend associations of smoking with maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity (1986) Obstet Gynecol, 68, pp. 317-321; Savitz, D.A., Zhang, J., Pregnancy-induced hypertension in North Carolina, 1988 and 1989 (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 675-679; Sibai, B.M., Gordon, T., Thom, E., Caritis, S.N., Klebanoff, M., McNellis, D., Risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women: A prospective multicentcr study (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 172, pp. 642-648. , The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units; Coonrod, D.V., Hickok, D.E., Zhu, K., Easterling, T.R., Daling, J.R., Risk factors for preeclampsia in twin pregnancies: A population-based cohort study (1995) Obstet Gynecol, 85, pp. 645-650; Cnattingius, S., Mills, J.L., Yuen, J., Eriksson, O., Salonen, H., The paradoxical effect of smoking in preeclamptic pregnancies: Smoking reduces the incidence but increases the rates of perinatal mortality, abruptio placentae, and intrauterine growth restriction (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 177, pp. 156-161; Wong, P.P., Bauman, A., How well does epidemiological evidence hold for the relationship between smoking and adverse obstetric outcomes in New South Wales? (1997) Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 37, pp. 168-173; Sibai, B.M., Ewell, M., Levine, R.J., Klebanoff, M.A., Esterlitz, J., Catalano, P.M., Risk factors associated with preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women. The Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention (CPEP) Study Group (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 177, pp. 1003-1010; Ananth, C.V., Savitz, D.A., Bowes W.A., Jr., Luther, E.R., Influence of hypertensive disorders and cigarette smoking on placental abruption and uterine bleeding during pregnancy (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104, pp. 572-578; Newman, M.G., Lindsay, M., Graves, W., Cigarette smoking and preeclampsia: The association and effects on clinical outcomes (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 178 (1 PART 2), pp. S104; Ros, H.S., Cnattingius, S., Lipworth, L., Comparison of risk factors for preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in a population-based cohort study (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 1062-1070; Knuist, M., Bonsel, G.J., Zondervan, H.A., Treffers, P.E., Risk factors for preeclampsia in nulliparous women in distinct ethnic groups: A prospective cohort study (1998) Obstet Gynecol, 92, pp. 174-178; Eskenazi, B., Fenster, L., Sidney, S., A multivariate analysis of risk factors for preeclampsia (1991) JAMA, 266, pp. 237-241; Klonoff-Cohen, H., Edelstein, S., Savitz, D., Cigarette smoking and preeclampsia (1993) Obstet Gynecol, 81, pp. 541-544; Stone, J.L., Lockwood, C.J., Berkowitz, G.S., Alvarez, M., Lapinski, R., Berkowitz, R.L., Risk factors for severe preeclampsia (1994) Obstet Gynecol, 83, pp. 357-361; Spinillo, A., Capuzzo, E., Egbe, T.O., Nicola, S., Piazzi, G., Baltaro, F., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy and risk of pre-eclampsia (1994) J Hum Hypertens, 8, pp. 771-775; Ansari, M.Z., Mueller, B.A., Krohn, M.A., Epidemiology of eclampsia (1995) Eur J Epidemiol, 11, pp. 447-451; Lain, K.Y., Powers, R.W., Krohn, M.A., Roberts, J.M., Urinary cotinine concentration confirms the reduced risk of preeclampsia with tobacco exposure (1998) J Soc Gynecol Investig, 5 (SUPPL.), pp. 132A; Irion, O., Masse, J., Forest, J.C., Moutquin, J.M., Prediction of pre-eclampsia, low birthweight for gestation and prematurity by uterine artery blood flow velocity waveforms analysis in low risk nulliparous women (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 422-429; Mittendorf, R., Lain, K.Y., Williams, M.A., Walker, C.K., Preeclampsia: A nested case-control study risk factors and their interactions (1996) J Reprod Med, 41, pp. 491-496; Misra, D.P., Kiely, J.L., The effect of smoking on the risk of gestational hypertension (1995) Early Hum Dev, 40, pp. 95-107; Demarsico, R., Gregori, C.A., Breen, J.L., Smoking and pregnancy (1978) J Med Soc N J, 75, pp. 124-135; Cope, I., Stevens, L., Lancaster, P., Sutherland, R., Skilsey, S., Smoking and pregnancy (1975) Med J Aust, 2, pp. 745-747; Schneider, L., Henrion, R., Tabac et grossesse (1979) J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod, 8, pp. 7-12; Sachs, B.P., Sharing the cigarette: The effects of smoking in pregnancy (1987) Smoking and Reproductive Health, pp. 134-149. , Rosenberg MJ, editor. Littleton (MA): PSG Publishing; The pregnant smoker: Hazards to fetal and maternal health (1978) ICEA Rev, 2 (FALL-WINTER), pp. 1-2. , International Childbirth Education Association; Rivrud, G.N., Røyking og graviditet (1987) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 107, pp. 662-664; Davey Smith, G., Phillips, A.N., Confounding in epidemiological studies: Why "independent" effects may not be all they seem (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 757-759; Khan, K.S., Daya, S., Jahad, A.R., The importance of quality of primary studies in producing unbiased systematic reviews (1996) Arch Intern Med, 156, pp. 661-666; Pettiti, D.B., Information retrieval (1994) Meta-analysis, Decision Analysis, and Cost-effectiveness Analysis: Methods for Quantitative Synthesis in Medicine, pp. 43-62. , Pettiti DB. New York: Oxford University Press; Samet, J.M., New effects of active and passive smoking on reproduction? (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 133, pp. 348-350; Ford, R.P., Tappin, D.M., Schluter, P.J., Wild, C.J., Smoking during pregnancy: How reliable are maternal self reports in New Zealand? (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 246-251; Haddow, J.E., Knight, G.J., Palomaki, G.E., Kloza, E.M., Wald, N.J., Cigarette consumption and serum cotinine in relation to birthweight (1987) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 94, pp. 678-681; Bardy, A.H., Seppalä, T., Lillsunde, P., Kataja, J.M., Koskela, P., Pikkarainen, J., Objectively measured tobacco exposure during pregnancy: Neonatal effects and relation to maternal smoking (1993) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 100, pp. 721-726; Jarvis, M.J., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Feyerabend, C., Vesey, C., Salloojee, Y., Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 1435-1438; Klebanoff, M.A., Levine, R.J., Clemens, J.D., DerSimonian, R., Wilkins, D.G., Serum cotinine concentration and self-reported smoking during pregnancy (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 148, pp. 259-262; Dolan-Mullen, P., Ramirez, G., Groff, J.Y., A meta-analysis of randomized trials of prenatal smoking cessation interventions (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 171, pp. 1328-1334; Lumley, T., Oliver, S., Waters, E., Smoking cessation programs implemented during pregnancy [computer program] (1998) The Cochrane Library, (4). , Oxford (United Kingdom): Update Software; Suonio, S., Saarikoski, S., The outcome of pregnancy in preeclampsia compared with the effects of smoking during pregnancy (1992) Proceedings of the Eighth World Congress on Hypertension in Pregnancy, p. 232. , Buenos Aires: The Congress; Van Beek, E., Peeters, L.L., Pathogenesis of preeclampsia: A comprehensive model (1998) Obstet Gynecol Surv, 53, pp. 233-239; Fitzgerald, D.J., Rocki, W., Murray, R., Mayo, G., Fitzgerald, G.A., Thromboxane A2 synthesis in pregnancy-induced hypertension (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 751-754; Ylikorkala, O., Makila, U.M., Prostacyclin and thromboxane in gynecology and obstetrics (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 152, pp. 318-329; Buhimschi, I.A., Saade, G.R., Chwalisz, K., Garfield, R.E., The nitric oxide pathway in pre-eclampsia: Pathophysiological implications (1998) Hum Reprod Update, 4, pp. 25-42; Ylikorkala, O., Viinikka, L., Lehtovirta, P., Effects of nicotine on fetal prostacyclin and thromboxane in humans (1985) Obstet Gynecol, 66, pp. 102-105; Toivanen, J., Ylikorkala, O., Viinikka, L., Effects of smoking and nicotine on human prostacyclin and thromboxane production in vivo and in vitro (1986) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 82, pp. 301-306; Goerig, M., Ullrich, V., Schettler, G., Foltis, C., Habenicht, A., A new role for nicotine: Selective inhibition by direct interaction with thromboxane synthase in human promyelocytic leukaemia cells differentiating into macrophages (1992) Clin Investig, 70, pp. 239-243; Sastry, B.V., Hemontolor, M.E., Olenick, M., Prostaglandin E2 in human placenta: Its vascular effects and activation of prostaglandin E2 formation by nicotine and cotinine (1999) Pharmacology, 58, pp. 70-86; Zhang, W., Edvinsson, L., Lee, T.J., Mechanism of nicotine-induced relaxation in the porcine basilar artery (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 284, pp. 790-797; Dekker, G.A., Sibai, B.M., Etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia: Current concepts (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 179, pp. 1359-1375; Walker, J.J., Antioxidants and inflammatory cell response in preeclampsia (1998) Semin Reprod Endocrinol, 16, pp. 47-55; Madretsma, G.S., Donze, G.J., Van Dijk, A.P., Tak, C.J., Wilson, J.H., Zijlstra, F.J., Nicotine inhibits the in vitro production of interleukin 2 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by human mononuclear cells (1996) Immunopharmacology, 35, pp. 47-51; Madretsma, S., Walters, L.M., Van Dijk, J.P., Tak, C.J., Feyerabend, C., Wilson, J.H., In-vivo effect of nicotine on cytokine production by human non-adherent mononuclear cells (1996) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 8, pp. 1017-1020; Van Dijk, A.P., Meijssen, M.A., Brouwer, A.J., Hop, W.C., Van Bergeijk, J.D., Feyerabend, C., Transdermal nicotine inhibits interleukin 2 synthesis by mononuclear cells derived from healthy volunteers (1998) Eur J Clin Invest, 28, pp. 664-671; Srivastava, E.D., Hallett, M.B., Rhodes, J., Effect of nicotine and cotinine on the production of oxygen free radicals by neutrophils in smokers and non-smokers (1989) Hum Toxicol, 8, pp. 461-463; Ferger, B., Spratt, C., Earl, C.D., Teismann, P., Oertel, W.H., Kuschinsky, K., Effects of nicotine on hydroxyl free radical formation in vitro and on MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vivo (1998) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 358, pp. 351-359 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032747687&doi=10.1016%2fS0002-9378%2899%2970341-8&partnerID=40&md5=eeaa3c866602bb5fa95db0aa59aac4c8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The wages of motherhood: Better or worse? T2 - Cambridge Journal of Economics J2 - Camb. J. Econ. VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 543 EP - 564 PY - 1999 SN - 0309166X (ISSN) AU - Joshi, H. AU - Paci, P. AU - Waldfogel, J. AB - Data from two British cohort studies show that women with children have lower wages than childless women. We develop an innovative decomposition of this 'family gap'. The crude pay gap between mothers and childless women in their thirties was similar in 1978 and 1991, but low pay in part-time work became more important in explaining this gap, and human capital less so. We find that, among full-time employees, women who broke their employment at childbirth were subsequently paid less than childless women. In contrast, mothers who maintained employment continuity were as well paid as childless women, but neither were as well remunerated as men. KW - Human capital KW - Mothers KW - Part-time jobs KW - Wages KW - gender issue KW - income distribution KW - wage gap KW - womens employment KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :92 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joshi, H.; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom; email: hj@cls.ioe.ac.uk N1 - References: Becker, G., Human capital, effort and the sexual division of labour (1985) Journal of Labor Economics, 3, pp. S53-S58; Blau, F.D., Kahn, L.M., Swimming upstream: Trends in the gender wage differential in the 1980s (1997) Journal of Labor Economics, 15, pp. 1-42; Blank, R., Are part-time jobs lousy jobs? (1990) A Future of Lousy Jobs?, , Burtless, G. (ed.), Washington DC, Brookings; Callender, C., Millward, N., Lissenburgh, S., Forth, J., (1997) Maternity Rights and Benefits in Britain 1996, , London, Stationery Office; Corcoran, M., Duncan, G., Ponza, M., A longitudinal analysis of white women's wages (1983) Journal of Human Resources, 18 (1), pp. 497-520; (1995) Social Focus on Women, , London, HMSO; Dex, S., Joshi, H., Macran, S., A widening gulf among Britain's mothers (1996) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12 (1), pp. 65-75; Dolton, P., Makepeace, G., Sample selection and male-female earnings differentials in the graduate labour market (1986) Oxford Economic Papers, 38, pp. 317-341; Dolton, P., Makepeace, G., Marital status, child rearing and earnings differentials in the graduate labour market (1987) Economic Journal, 97, pp. 897-922; Elias, P., Gregory, M., (1994) The Changing Structure of Occupations and Earnings in Great Britain 1975-90: An Analysis Based on A New Earnings Survey Panel, , Research Series No. 27, Sheffield, Employment Department; Ermisch, J.F., Wright, R.E., Wage offers and full-time and part-time employment by British women (1993) Journal of Human Resources, 28 (1), pp. 111-133; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow Up of the National Child Development Study, , London, National Children's Bureau; Fuchs, V., (1988) Women's Quest for Economic Equality, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Goldin, C., (1980) Understanding the Gender Gap, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; Greene, W., (1992) Limdep Version 6·0. User Manual and Reference Guide, , Econometric Software Inc; Greenhalgh, C., Male-female wage differentials: Is marriage an equal opportunity? (1980) Economic Journal, 90, pp. 751-775; Harkness, S.E., The gender earnings gap: Evidence from the UK (1996) Fiscal Studies, 17 (21), pp. 1-36; Heckman, J., Sample selection bias as a specification error (1979) Econometrica, 47, pp. 153-161; Hersch, J., Stratton, L.S., Housework, fixed effects and wages of married workers (1997) Journal of Human Resources, 32 (2), pp. 285-307; Hill, M., The wage effects of marital status and children (1979) Journal of Human Resources, 14 (4), pp. 579-594; Hills, J., (1995) Inquiry into Income and Wealth, 2. , Ch. 4, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, UK; Jones, E., Long, J., Part week work and human capital investment by married women (1979) Journal of Human Resources, 14 (4), pp. 563-578; Joshi, H., The cash opportunity cost of childbearing: An approach to estimation using british evidence (1990) Population Studies, 44, pp. 41-60; Joshi, H., Sex and motherhood as handicaps in the labour market (1991) Women's Issues in Social Policy, pp. 179-193. , Groves, D. and Maclean, M. (eds) , London, Routledge; Joshi, H., Macran, S.E., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing and women's subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort (1996) Journal of Population Economics, 9 (3), pp. 325-348; Joshi, H., Newell, M.-L., (1989) Pay Differentials and Parenthood: Analysis of Men and Women Born in 1946, , Institute of Employment Research Report, Coventry, University of Warwick; Joshi, H., Paci, P., (1998) Unequal Pay for Women and Men, , Cambridge, MA, MIT Press; Korenman, S., Neumark, D., Marriage, motherhood and wages (1992) Journal of Human Resources, 27, pp. 233-255; Lee, L., Generalised econometric models with selectivity (1983) Econometrica, , March; McRae, S., Returning to work after childbirth: Opportunities and inequalities (1993) European Sociological Review,., 9, pp. 125-138; Macran, S., Dex, S., Joshi, H., Employment after childbearing: A survival analysis (1996) Work, Employment and Society, 10 (2), pp. 273-296; Makepeace, G., Paci, P., Joshi, H., Dolton, P., Has equal treatment in pay progressed since the 1970s? A study across men and women in two cohorts (1999) Journal of Human Resources, , forthcoming; Neumark, D., Korenman, S., Sources of bias in women's wage equations: Results using sibling data (1994) Journal of Human Resources, 29, pp. 379-405. , Spring; Oaxaca, R., Male-female wage differentials in urban labour markets (1973) International Economic Review, 14 (1), pp. 693-709; O'Neill, J., Polachek, S., Why the gender gap in wages narrowed in the 1980s (1993) Journal of Labor Economics, 11, pp. 205-228; Paci, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., Pay gaps facing men and women born in 1958: Differences within the labour market (1995) The Economics of Equal Opportunities, , Humphries, J. and Rubery, J. (eds) , Equal Opportunity Commission; Sorensen, E., (1991) Exploring the Reasons behind the Narrowing Gender Gap in Earnings, , Washington DC, Urban Institute; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Oxford, Clarendon Press; Waldfogel, J., The price of motherhood: Family status and women's pay in a young British cohort (1995) Oxford Economic Papers, 47, pp. 584-610; Waldfogel, J., Working mothers then and now: A cross-cohort analysis of the effects of maternity leave on women's pay (1997) Gender and Family in the Workplace, pp. 92-126. , Blau, F. and Ehrenberg, R. (eds) , New York, Russell Sage; Waldfogel, J., The effects of children on women's wages (1997) American Sociological Review, 62, pp. 209-217; Waldfogel, J., Understanding the 'family gap' in pay for women with children (1998) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12 (1), pp. 137-156; Waldfogel, J., The family gap for young women in the United States and Britain: Can maternity leave make a difference? (1998) Journal of Labor Economics, pp. 505-545; Wellington, A., Changes in the male/female wage gap, 1976-1985 (1993) Journal of Human Resources, 28, pp. 383-410; Wright, R.E., Ermisch, J.F., Gender discrimination in the British labour market: A reassessment (1991) Economic Journal, 101, pp. 508-522; Zabalza, A., Arrufat, J.L., The extent of sex discrimination in Great Britain (1985) Women and Equal Pay: the Effects of Legislation on Female Employment and Wages in Britain, , Zabalza, A. and Tzannatos, Z. (eds) , Cambridge University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032726325&partnerID=40&md5=89b43f03b50c9462e82e86ea422c8d13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reconstructing the life course: Health during early old age in a follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort T2 - Public Health J2 - Public Health VL - 113 IS - 3 SP - 117 EP - 124 PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0033-3506(99)00135-3 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Blane, D. AU - Berney, L. AU - Smith, G.D. AU - Gunnell, D.J. AU - Holland, P. AD - Division of Neuroscience, Imp. Coll. Sci., Technol. Med.: C., London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Behav. and Cogn. Science, ICSTM: Charing Cross, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, United Kingdom AB - A method is described for investigating life course influences on health in early old age. The lives of some 300 individuals at present aged 65-75 y have been reconstructed from the archived records of a pre-WWII survey, in which they took part as children, and from lifegrid interviews with the same individuals 60 y later. Despite loss to study at several points those interviewed are shown to be representative of the British population sociodemographically, in comparison with the 1931 and 1991 decennial censuses, and physically, in comparison with the Health Survey for England. Bias is conservative because the most disadvantaged were disproportionately affected by loss to follow-up through death and because non-responders to interview were more disadvantaged as children than the interviewees. Representativeness and conservative bias, it is argued, justify the use of these data for investigating life course influences on health in early old age. KW - Boyd Orr KW - Early old age KW - Health KW - Life course KW - Lifegrid KW - elderly population KW - health status KW - life history KW - medical geography KW - aged KW - article KW - demography KW - female KW - follow up KW - health KW - health survey KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - normal human KW - senescence KW - United Kingdom KW - United Kingdom PB - Nature Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 10910408 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Blane, D.; Dept. Behavioural Cognitive Science, ICSTM: Charing Cross, St. Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, United Kingdom N1 - References: Blane, D., Social determinants of health: Socioeconomic status, social class and ethnicity (1995) Am J Public Health, 85, pp. 903-905; (1995) Variations in Health: What Can the Department of Health and the NHS Do?, , DoH: London; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford University Press: Oxford; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health inequalities in the life course perspective (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 859-869; Davey Smith, G., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 547-552; Kuh, D.L.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Yusuf, E.J., Burden of disability in a post-war birth cohort in the UK (1994) J Epidemiol and Commun Health, 48, pp. 262-269; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1014; (1955) Family Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain, , Carnegie United Kingdom Trust: Dunfermline; Gunnell, D., Life-course exposure and later disease: A follow-up study based on a survey of family diet and health in pre-war Britain (1937-1939) (1996) Public Health, 110, pp. 85-94; Blane, D., Collecting retrospective data: Development of a reliable method and a pilot study of its use (1996) Soc Sci Med, 42, pp. 751-757; Elias, P., (1996) Who Forgot They Were Unemployed?, , Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, Paper Number 97-19. University of Essex: Colchester; Dex, S., McCulloch, A., (1997) The Reliability of Retrospective Unemployment History Data, , Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, Paper Number 97-17. University of Essex: Colchester; Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Looman, C.W.N., Mackenbach, J.P., Recall bias in self-reported childhood health: Differences by age and educational level (1998) Social of Health and Illness, 20, pp. 241-254; Berney, L., Blane, D., Collecting retrospective data: Accuracy of recall after 50 years judged against historical records (1997) Soc Sci Med, 45, pp. 1519-1525; Blane, D., Power, C., Bartley, M., Illness behaviour and the measurement of class differentials in morbidity (1996) J Roy Statist Soc, 159, pp. 77-92. , series A; Calman, K., Our healthier nation (1998) CMO's Update, 18, p. 3; O'Brien, E., Mee, F., Atkins, N., Thomas, M., Evaluation of three devices for self-measurement of blood pressure according to the revised British Hypertension Society protocol: The Omron HEM-705CP, Philips HP5332 and Nissei DS-175 (1996) Blood Press Monit, 1, pp. 55-61; Wiltshire, N., Kendrick, A.H., Evaluation of a new electronic spirometer: The vitalograph escort spirometer (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 175-178; Standardisation of spirometry 1994 update (1994) Am J Respirat Crit Care Med, 152, pp. 1107-1136; Criqui, M.H., Barret-Connor, E., Austin, M., Differences between respondents and non-respondents in a population-based cardiovascular disease study (1978) Am J Epidemiol, 108, pp. 367-372; Smith, C., Nutbeam, D., Assessing non-response bias: A case study from the 1985 Welsh heart health survey (1990) Health Educ Res, 5, pp. 381-386; Hill, A., Roberts, J., Ewings, P., Gunnell, D., Non-response bias in a lifestyle survey (1997) J Public Health Med, 19, pp. 203-207; Gunnell, D., (1996) Food, Death and Income: A Follow-up Study Based on a Survey of Family Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain (1937-39), , PhD Thesis: University of Bristol (Faculty of Medicine); Frankel, S., Childhood energy intake and adult mortality from cancer: The Boyd Orr cohort study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 499-504; Gunnell, D., Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57 year follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 67, pp. 1111-1118; Gunnell, D., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow-up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) survey of diet and health in pre-war Britain (1998) J Epidemiol and Comm Health, 52, pp. 142-152; (1997) Health Survey for England 1995, , The Stationery Office: London; (1998) General Household Survey 1996, , The Stationery Office: London; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Clarenson Press: Oxford; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau and City University: London; Harnett, R.W.F., Mair, A., Chronic bronchitis and the catarrhal child (1963) Scottish Med J, 8, pp. 175-184; Day, M.P., The Mackenzie Institute record study: Methods and preliminary findings (1989) Health Bull, 47, pp. 95-103; Registrar general's decennial supplement, England and Wales, 1931, part IIA (1931) Occupational Mortality, , HMSO: Lonson, Table 4A; (1993) 1991 Census, , The Stationery Office: London, (i) Persons aged 60 and over, Great Britain: Tables 1 and 2. (ii) Economic activity, Great Britain, volume 2: Tables 14 and 15. (iii) Housing and availability of cars, Great Britain: Table 19 (iv) Key statistics for urban and rural areas, Great Britain: Table 2; (1995) Health Survey for England, , CD-ROM SN3670. University of Essex: ESCR Data Archive. Limiting long standing illness from: Office for National Statistics. Living in Britain results from the 1996 General Household Survey. London, The Stationery Office 1998: Table 8.3 (data refer to ages 65 years and over) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033065252&doi=10.1016%2fS0033-3506%2899%2900135-3&partnerID=40&md5=e3a1a0d47ec9d9f2da7a3035e310f69d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epilepsy in very preterm infants: Neonatal cranial ultrasound reveals a high-risk subcategory T2 - Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology J2 - Dev. Med. Child Neurol. VL - 40 IS - 11 SP - 724 EP - 730 PY - 1998 SN - 00121622 (ISSN) AU - Amess, P.N. AU - Baudin, J. AU - Townsend, J. AU - Meek, J. AU - Roth, S.C. AU - Neville, B.G.R. AU - Wyatt, J.S. AU - Stewart, A. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Univ. Coll. London Sch. of Medicine AD - Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health AD - Department of Paediatrics, Univ. Coll. London Sch. of Medicine, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Paediatrics, Univ. College London Medical School, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the association between epilepsy and perinatal brain injury in a cohort of 610 infants born preterm at < 33 weeks' gestation, The prevalence of epilepsy in this cohort was 4.3% as determined by a postal questionnaire survey. Most children with epilepsy (16 of 24) had high-risk cranial ultrasound lesions including haemorrhagic parenchymal infarction (HPI), posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Of all the children in our cohort with high-risk brain lesions, those with epilepsy were more likely to have HPI and significantly less likely to have cystic PVL, although it is possible that PVL was not noticed in some cases. Children with epilepsy and high-risk cranial ultrasound lesions also showed more cognitive impairment than children with high-risk lesions but no epilepsy, which suggested more cortical grey-matter damage. We suggest that brain injury has occurred outside the confines of the periventricular white matter in this group of preterm infants with epilepsy. KW - article KW - brain cortex lesion KW - brain hemorrhage KW - brain infarction KW - brain injury KW - cognitive defect KW - epilepsy KW - human KW - hydrocephalus KW - leukomalacia KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - prematurity KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - risk factor KW - ultrasound KW - white matter KW - Brain KW - Cerebral Infarction KW - Child KW - Cognition KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Echoencephalography KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: DMCNA C2 - 9881800 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Amess, P.N.; Department of Paediatrics, University College London Med School, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, United Kingdom, United Kingdom N1 - References: Aicardi, J., Epilepsy in brain-injured children (1990) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 32, pp. 191-202; Amiel-Tison, C., Stewart, A., Follow-up studies during the first five years of life: A pervasive assessment of neurological function (1989) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64, pp. 496-502; Banker, B.Q., Laroche, J.C., Periventricular leukomalacia in infancy (1962) Archives of Neurology, 7, pp. 386-410; Beery, K.E., (1982) Revised Administration, Scoring and Teaching Manual for the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, , Toronto: Modern Curriculum Press; Copeland, G.P., Foy, P.M., Shaw, M.D.M., The incidence of epilepsy after ventricular shunting operations (1982) Surgical Neurology, 17, pp. 279-281; Costello, A.M.D.L., Hamilton, P.A., Baudin, J., Townsend, J., Bradford, B.C., Stewart, A.L., Reynolds, E.O.R., Prediction of neurodevelopmental impairment at four years from brain ultrasound appearance in very preterm infants (1988) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 30, pp. 711-722; De Vries, L.S., Dubowitz, L.M.S., Dubowitz, V., Kaiser, A., Lary, S., Silverman, M., Whitelaw, A., Wigglesworth, J.S., Predictive value of cranial ultrasound in the newborn baby: A reappraisal (1985) Lancet, 2, pp. 137-140; Dirocco, C., Ianelli, A., Pallini, R., Rinaldi, A., Epilepsy and its correlation with cerebral ventricular shunting procedures in infantile hydrocephalus (1985) Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, 1, pp. 255-263; Edebol-Tysk, K., Epidemiology of spastic tetraplegic cerebral palsy in Sweden. I. Impairments and disabilities (1989) Neuropediatrics, 20, pp. 41-45; Evrard, P., Miladi, N., Bonnier, C., Gressens, P., Normal and abnormal development of the brain (1992) Handbook of Neuropsychology, Vol. 6: Child Neuropsychology, 6, pp. 11-44. , Rapin I, Segalowitz SJ. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers; Friede, R.L., (1989) Developmental Neuropathology, , Berlin: Springer-Verlag; Fawer, C.L., Diebold, P., Câlame, A., Periventricular leucomalacia and neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants (1987) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 62, pp. 30-36; Gressens, P., Richelme, C., Kadhim, H., Gadisseux, J.-F., Evrard, P., The germinative zone produces the most cortical astrocytes after neuronal migration in the developing mammalian brain (1992) Biology of the Neonate, 61, pp. 4-24; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Glow, I., The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. IV Prevalence and origin during the birth year period 1983-1986 (1993) Acta Paediatrica, 82, pp. 387-393; Henderson, E.H., Stott, H.D., Moves, F.A., (1987) Test of Motor Impairment, , London: Harcourt-Brace-Jovanovich; High frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional intermittent mechanical ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants: Neurodevelopmental status at 16 to 24 months of postterm age (1990) Journal of Pediatrics, 117, pp. 939-946; Ishikawa, T., Kishi, S., Inukai, K., Kono, C., Kitoh, H., Awaya, A., Nisho, K., Yokochi, K., Subsequent epilepsy in very-low-birthweight infants: A long-term follow-up study from birth (1995) Epilepsia, 36 (5), pp. 435-439; (1983) Circle Pines: American Guidance; Kirkbride, V., Baudin, J., Townsend, J., Roth, S.C., McCormick, D.C., Edwards, A.D., Eor, R., Stewart, A.L., Abnormalities of corpus callosal function in very preterm infants at eight years (1994) Early Human Development, 36, p. 235. , Abstract; Kostovic, I., Lukinovic, N., Judas, M., Structural basis of the developmental plasticity in the human cerebral cortex: The role of the transient subplate zone (1989) Metabolic Brain Disease, 4, pp. 17-23; Kyllerman, M., Dyskinetic cerebral palsy: I. Clinical categories, associated neurological abnormalities and incidences (1982) Acta Pediatrica Scandinavia, 71, pp. 543-550; Levene, M.I., Starte, D.R., Measurement of the growth of the lateral ventricle in preterm infants with real-time ultrasound (1981) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 56, pp. 900-904; Meenke, H.J., Neuronal density in the molecular layer of the frontal cortex in primary generalised epilepsy (1985) Epilepsia, 26, pp. 450-454; Nishida, H., Oishi, M., Survival and disability in extremely tiny babies less than 600g birthweight (1996) Seminars in Neonatology, 1, pp. 251-256; Paneth, N., Rudelli, R., Kazam, E., Monte, W., (1994) Brain Damage in the Preterm Infant. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 131, 131. , London: Mac Keith Press; Ross, E.H., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 280, pp. 207-210; Roth, S.C., Baudin, J., McCormick, D.C., Edwards, A.D., Townsend, J., Stewart, A.L., Eor, R., Relation between ultrasound appearance of the brain of very preterm infants and neurodevelopmental impairment at eight years (1993) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 35, pp. 755-768; Pezzani-Goldsmith, M., Townsend, J., Eor, R., Stewart, A.L., Relation between neurodevelopmental status of very preterm infants at one and eight years (1994) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 36, pp. 1049-1062; Sheridan, M.D., (1968) Stycar Vision Test, , Slough: NFER; Shuman, R.M., Selednik, L.J., Periventricular leukomalacia. A one year autopsy study (1980) Archives of Neurology, 7, pp. 386-410; Stewart, A.L., De Costello, A.M.L., Hamilton, P.A., Baudin, J., Townsend, J., Bradford, B.C., Eor, R., Relationship between neurodevelopmental status of very preterm infants at one and four years (1987) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31, pp. 756-765; Wyatt, J.S., Lorek, A., Kirkbride, V., Meek, J., Penrice, J., Baudin, J., Townsend, J., Reynolds, E.O.R., Do periventricular flares (PVF) predict outcome? (1994) Pediatric Research, 36, p. 39. , Abstract; Kirkbride, V., Verypreterm infants at 14 years: Relation with neonatal ultrasound brain scans and neurodevelopmental status at one year (1996) Acta Pediatrica, 416 (SUPPL.), pp. 44-47; Uvebrandt, P., Hemiplegic cerebral palsy: Aetiology and outcome (1988) Acta Pediatrica Scandinavia, 345 (SUPPL.), pp. 5-100; Donselaar, C.A., Brouwer, O.F., Geerts, A.T., Arts, W.F.M., Stroink, H., Peters, A.C.B., Clinical course of untreated tonic-clonic seizures in childhood: Prospective, hospital based study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 401-409; Veelken, N., Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Olow, I., Diplegic cerebral palsy in Swedish term and preterm children - Differences in reduced optimality, relations to neurology and pathogenetic factors (1983) Neuropediatrics, 14, pp. 20-28; Eight-year outcome in infants with birth weight of 500-999 grams: Continuing regional study of 1979 and 1980 births (1991) Journal of Pediatrics, 118, pp. 761-767; (1974) New York: Psychological Corporation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031758765&partnerID=40&md5=a537aefee0d3b8190015c7a3b40d093d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving the quality of perinatal and infant necropsy examinations: A follow up study T2 - Journal of Clinical Pathology J2 - J. Clin. Pathol. VL - 51 IS - 11 SP - 850 EP - 853 PY - 1998 SN - 00219746 (ISSN) AU - Vujanić, G.M. AU - Cartlidge, P.H.T. AU - Stewart, J.H. AD - Department of Pathology, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom AD - Department of Child Health AD - Department of Pathology, University of Wales, College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, United Kingdom AB - Aim-To compare the quality of perinatal and infant necropsy examinations in 1996 with those performed in 1993. Methods-Cohort analysis, with data from the All Wales Perinatal Survey, of 1027 deaths (540 in 1993; 487 in 1996) of babies between 20 weeks' gestation and one year of age. The quality of the necropsy was assessed by scoring aspects identified as being part of the investigation. Results-Necropsy was performed in 335 cases (62%) in 1993 and in 320 cases (66%) in 1996. The proportion done in a regional centre increased significantly from 39% (131/335) in 1993 to 76% (2431320) in 1996 (p < 0.0001). The quality of necropsy was above the minimum standard in 54% of cases in 1993 (171/314) compared with 93% in 1996 (289/312) (p < 0.0001). Improvement occurred in all categories. For stillbirths, 35% (46/133) were above the minimum standard in 1993 compared with 90% (104/116) in 1996 (p < 0.0001); for cases not classified as sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), the improvement was from 62% in 1993 (40/65) to 97% in 1996 (73/75) (p < 0.0001); and for SUDI cases, the improvement was from 32% in 1993 (10/31) to 91% in 1996 (21/23) (p < 0.0001). The quality of both nonregional and regional necropsies improved. For non-regional cases, the score was above the minimum standard in 28% (51/183) in 1993 compared with 69% (52/75) in 1996 (p < 0.0001); for regional cases it improved from 92% (120/131) in 1993 to 100% (237/237) in 1996 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions-The quality of perinatal and infant necropsies improved considerably between 1993 and 1996, reflecting better awareness of the importance of good quality examination and an increase in referrals to paediatric centres. KW - Audit KW - Infant KW - Necropsy KW - Perinatal KW - article KW - autopsy KW - cause of death KW - child death KW - clinical examination KW - human KW - human tissue KW - major clinical study KW - patient referral KW - perinatal death KW - priority journal KW - sudden death KW - Autopsy KW - Clinical Competence KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Regional Medical Programs KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JCPAA C2 - 10193328 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Vujanic, G.M.; Department of Pathology, Univ. of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, United Kingdom N1 - References: Cartlidge, P.H.T., Dawson, A.J., Stewart, J.H., Value and quality of perinatal and infant postmortem examinations: Cohort analysis of 400 consecutive deaths (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 155-158; Shen-Schwarz, S., Neish, C., Hill, L.M., Antenatal ultrasound for fetal anomalies: Importance of perinatal autopsy (1989) Pediatr Pathol, 9, pp. 1-9; Porter, H.J., Keeling, J.W., Value of perinatal necropsy examination (1987) J Clin Pathol, 40, pp. 180-184; Gau, G., The ultimate audit (1977) BMJ, 1, pp. 1580-1582; Thornton, C.M., O'Hara, M.D., A regional audit of perinatal and infant autopsies in Northern Ireland (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 18-23; (1995) Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy, , Annual report 1993. London: Department of Child Health; Clothier, C., MacDonald, A.C., Shaw, D.A., (1994) The Allitt Inquiry, , London: HMSO; Vujanić, G.M., Cartlidge, P.H.T., Stewart, J.H., Perinatal and infant postmortem examinations: How well are we doing? (1995) J Clin Pathol, 48, pp. 998-1001; Rushton, D.I., West Midlands perinatal mortality survey, 1987. An audit of 300 perinatal autopsies (1991) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 98, pp. 624-627; (1993) Audit of Perinatal Pathology, pp. 62-67. , East Anglian Regional Perinatal Survey and Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy (CESDI), annual report; Wright, C., Cameron, H., Lamb, W., A study of the quality of perinatal autopsy in the former Northern Region (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 105, pp. 24-28; (1993) Guidelines for Post Mortem Reports, , London: RCPath; (1988) Report on Fetal and Perinatal Pathology, , London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; (1997) All Wales Perinatal Survey and Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy, , Annual repart 1996. Cardiff: Perinatal Survey Office, Department of Child Health, University of Wales College of Medicine; Favara, B.E., Cottreau, C., McIntyre, L., Pediatric pathology and the necropsy (1989) Pediatr Pathol, 9, pp. 109-116 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031795844&partnerID=40&md5=1f1da5dca9da5c85a8ad6fcf9a182b5e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts T2 - Journal of Laryngology and Otology J2 - J. Laryngol. Otol. VL - 112 IS - 1 SP - 114 EP - 115 PY - 1998 SN - 00222151 (ISSN) AU - Butland, B.K. AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Lewis, S. AU - Bynner, J. AU - Butler, N. AU - Britton, J. AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital, Medical School, London, United Kingdom AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether changes in certain perinatal and social factors explain the increased prevalence of hay fever and eczema among British adolescents between 1974 and 1986. DESIGN: Two prospective birth cohort studies. SETTING: England, Wales and Scotland. SUBJECTS: 11,195 children born 3-9 March 1958 and 9,387 born 5-11 April 1970. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parental reports of eczematous rashes and of hay fever or allergic rhinitis in the previous 12 months at age 16. RESULTS: The prevalence of the conditions over the 12 month period increased between 1974 and 1986 from 3.1 per cent to 6.4 per cent (prevalence ratio 2.04 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.79 to 2.32)) for eczema and from 12.0 per cent to 23.3 per cent (prevalence ratio) 1.93 (1.82 to 2.06)) for hay fever. Both conditions were more commonly reported among children of higher birth order and those who were breastfed for longer than one month. Eczema was more commonly reported among girls and hay fever among boys. The prevalence of hay fever decreased sharply between social classes I and V, increased with maternal age up to the early 30s, and was lower in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Neither condition varied significantly with birth weight. When adjusted for these factors, the relative odds of hay fever (1986 v 1974) increased from 2.23 (2.05 to 2.43) to 2.40 (2.19 to 2.63). Similarly, the relative odds of eczema rose from 2.02 (1.73 to 2.36) to 2.14 (1.81 to 2.52). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, changes between cohorts in sex, birth weight, birth order, maternal age, breast feeding, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and lather's social class at birth did not seem to explain any of the observed rise in the prevalence of hay fever and eczema. However, correlates of these factors which have changed over time may still underlie recent increases in allergic disease, Author. N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JLOTA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital, Medical School, London, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748393291&partnerID=40&md5=e9b929d1c6e8184da69412a6ee23af5f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relative hand skill predicts academic ability: Global deficits at the point of hemispheric indecision T2 - Neuropsychologia J2 - Neuropsychologia VL - 36 IS - 12 SP - 1275 EP - 1282 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0028-3932(98)00039-6 SN - 00283932 (ISSN) AU - Crow, T.J. AU - Crow, L.R. AU - Done, D.J. AU - Leask, S. AD - Prince of Wales International Centre, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, Hertfordshire University, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom AB - Population variation in handedness (a correlate of cerebral dominance for language) is in part genetic and, it has been suggested, its persistence represents a balanced polymorphism with respect to cognitive ability. This hypothesis was tested in a sample of 12,770 individuals in a UK national cohort (the National Child Development Study) by assessing relative hand skill (in a square checking task) as a predictor of verbal, non-verbal, and mathematical ability and reading comprehension at the age of 11 years. Whereas some modest decrements were present in extreme right banders the most substantial deficits in ability were seen close to the point of equal hand skill ('hemispheric indecision'). For verbal ability females performed better than males, but the relationship to relative hand skill was closely similar for the two sexes; for reading comprehension males close to the point of equal hand skill showed greater impairments than females. Analysed by writing hand the relationship of ability to hand skill appeared symmetrical about the point of 'hemispheric indecision'. The variation associated with degrees of dominance may reflect the operation of continuing selection on the gene (postulated to be X-Y linked) by which language evolved and speciation occurred. KW - Dominance KW - Dyslexia KW - Hand skill KW - Hemisphere KW - Lateralisation KW - Reading KW - Sex difference KW - Verbal ability KW - X chromosome KW - Y chromosome KW - academic achievement KW - article KW - cognition KW - cohort analysis KW - comprehension KW - decision making KW - female KW - genetic linkage KW - genetic polymorphism KW - genetic selection KW - hand movement KW - handedness KW - hemispheric dominance KW - human KW - human experiment KW - language ability KW - male KW - nonverbal communication KW - normal human KW - school child KW - sex difference KW - skill KW - species differentiation KW - verbal behavior KW - writing KW - X chromosome KW - Y chromosome KW - Achievement KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aptitude KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dyslexia KW - England KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Functional Laterality KW - Humans KW - Linkage (Genetics) KW - Male KW - Psychomotor Performance KW - X Chromosome KW - Y Chromosome N1 - Cited By :170 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NUPSA C2 - 9863681 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Crow, T.J.; Prince of Wales International Centre, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; email: tim.crow@psychiatry.oxford.ac.uk N1 - References: Annett, M., (1985) Left, Right, Hand and Brain: the Right Shift Theory, , London: Lawrence Erlbaum; Annett, M., The right shift theory of a genetic balanced polymorphism for cerebral dominance and cognitive processing (1995) Current Psychology of Cognition, 14, pp. 427-480; Annett, M., (1989) The Disadvantages of Dextrality for Intelligence. British Journal of Psychology, 80, pp. 213-226; Bickerton, D., (1995) Language and Human Behavior, , Seattle: University of Washington; Bishop, D.V., (1990) Handedness and Developmental Disorder, pp. 124-125. , London: MacKeith, pp; Broca, P., Remarques sur la siegé de la faculté du langue (1861) Bulletin de la Société Anatomique de Paris (2Nd Series), 6, pp. 330-357; Buss, D.M., International preferences in selecting mates: a study of 37 cultures (1990) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, pp. 5-47; Calnan, M., (1976) Developmental Correlates of Handedness in a National Sample of, 3, pp. 329-342; Carter-Saltzman, L., Biological and sociocultural effects on handedness: comparison between biological and adoptive families (1980) Science, 209, pp. 1263-1265; Chen, H.M., Lowther, W., Avramopoulos, D., Antonorakis, S.E., Homologous loci DXYS156X and DXYS156Y contain a polymorphic pentanucleotide repeat (TAAAA) and map to human X chromosome and Y chromosome (1994) Human Mutation, 4, pp. 208-211; Cleveland, R.S., Robust locally-weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots (1979) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, pp. 829-836; Corballis, M.C., (1991) The Lop-sided Ape: Evolution of the Generative Mind, , New York: Oxford University Press; Corballis, M.C., The genetics and evolution of handedness (1997) Psychological Review, 104, pp. 714-727; Corballis, M.C., Lee, K., McManus, I.C., (1996) Location of the Handedness Gene on the X and Y Chromosomes. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 67, pp. 50-52; Crow T.J. Sexual Selection, (1993) Lancet, 342, pp. 594-598; Crow, T.J., The case for an X-Y homologous determinant of cerebral asymmetry (1994) Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, 67, pp. 393-394; Crow, T.J., (1997) Did Homo Sapiens Speciate on the Y Chromosome?, , (Unpublished.); Crow, T.J., Is schizophrenia the price that Homo sapiens pays for language? (1997) Schizophrenia Research, 28, pp. 127-141; Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., (1996) Cerebral Lateralization Is Delayed in Children Who Later Develop Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 22, pp. 181-185; Dax, M., Lésions de la moitié gauche de léncephale coincident avec loubli des signes de la pensée (Read at congrés méridional at Montpelier in 1836) (1865) Gaz Hebdom Méd Chirurg, 11, pp. 259-260; Gangestad, S.W., Yeo, R.A., Parental handedness and relative hand skill: a test of the developmental instability hypothesis (1994) Neuropsychologia, 8, pp. 572-578; Goodglass, H., (1954) Language Laterality in Left-handed Aphasics. Brain, 77, pp. 521-548; Goodman, J.D.T., (1997) Analysis of the VIQ Scores of Families of Three or More Orkney Brothers. Journal of Biosocial Science, 29, pp. 181-190; Goodman, J.D.T., (1997) Lyonisation and a Female Premium in the Verbal IQ Results of Orkney Schoolchildren, 29, pp. 63-72; Halpern, D.F., (1992) Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities, , New Jersey: L. Erlbaum; Hardyck, C., Petrinovich, L.F., (1976) Left Handedness and Cognitive Deficit. Cortex, 12, pp. 266-279; Lambson, B., Affara, N.A., Mitchell, M., (1992) Evolution of DNA Sequence Homologies between the Sex Chromosomes in Primate Species. Genomics, 14, pp. 1032-1040; Leask, S.J., Crow, T.J., How far does the brain lateralise?: an unbiased method for determining the optimum degree of hemispheric specialisation (1997) Neuropsychologia, 35, pp. 1381-1387; Levy, J., Possible basis for the evolution of lateral specialisation of the human brain (1969) Nature, 224, pp. 614-615; MacCoby, E.E., Jacklin, C.N., (1975) The Psychology of Sex Differences, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; MacSorley, K., An investigation into the fertility rates of mentally ill patients (1964) Annals of Human Genetics, 27, pp. 247-256. , London; McGlone, J., Sex differences in human brain asymmetry: a critical survey (1980) Behavioural and Brain Science, 3, pp. 215-263; McGrew, W.C., Marchant, L.F., On the other hand: current issues in and meta-analysis of the behavioral laterality of hand function in nonhuman primates (1997) Yearbook on Physical Anthropology, 40, pp. 201-232; McManus, I.C., The inheritance of left-handedness (1991) In Biological Asymmetry and Handedness. (CIBA Foundation Symposium 162), pp. 251-281. , ed. Bock QR, Marsh J. Wiley, Chichester, p; McManus, I.C., Shergill, S., Bryden, M.P., Annetts theory that individuals heterozygous for the right shift gene are intellectually advantaged: theoretical and empirical findings (1993) British Journal of Psychology, 84, pp. 517-537; Miller, E., Handedness and the pattern of human ability (1971) British Journal of Psychology, 62, pp. 111-112; Orton, S.T., (1937) Reading, Writing and Speech Problems in Children, , New York: Norton; Page, D.C., Harper, M.E., Love, J., (1984) Occurrence of a Transposition from the X-chromosome Long Arm to the Y-chromosome Short Arm during Human Evolution. Nature, 331, pp. 119-123; Palmer, R.E., (1996) Predicting Reading Ability from Handedness Measures. British Journal of Psychology, 87, pp. 609-620; Resch, F., Haffner, J., Parzer, P., Pfueller, U., Strehlow, U., Zerahn-Hartung, C., Testing the hypothesis of relationships between laterality and ability according to Annetts right-left theory: findings in an epidemiological sample of young adults (1997) British Journal of Psychology, 88, pp. 621-635; Shepherd, P.M., An Introduction to the Background to the Study and Methods of Data Collection (1985) In: the National Child Development Study, Social Statistics Research Unit (Working Paper No 1), , London: City University; Tapley, S.M., (1985) A Group Test for the Assessment of Performance between the Hands. Neuropsychologia, 23, pp. 215-221; Vogel, H.P., Fertility and sibship size in a psychiatric patient population (1979) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 60, pp. 483-503; Whittington, J.E., (1991) Mathematical Ability and the Right-shift Theory of Handedness. Neuropsychologia, 29, pp. 1075-1082; Zangwill, O.L., (1960) Cerebral Dominance and Its Relation to Psychological Function, , Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032436925&doi=10.1016%2fS0028-3932%2898%2900039-6&partnerID=40&md5=f9cf21c17f79d33ab844a68a16ef6b59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time trends in twin perinatal mortality in northern England, 1982-94 T2 - Twin Research J2 - Twin Res. VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 189 EP - 195 PY - 1998 SN - 13690523 (ISSN) AU - Glinianaia, S.V. AU - Rankin, J. AU - Renwick, M. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom AD - N. Region Perinatal Mortality Survey, Maternity Survey Office, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom AB - The dynamics of perinatal mortality rates (PNMR) and causes of death in twin pregnancies over 13 years in the Northern Region of the National Health Service in England is described. All twin perinatal deaths occurring between 1982-1994 were identified from the Northern Region Perinatal Mortality Survey. The twinning rate increased from 9.9 per 1000 maternities in 1982 to 12.0 in 1994. There was a total of 10734 twin pregnancies and of these 421 resulted in 530 perinatal deaths. The perinatal mortality rate in twins significantly decreased over time (1982-87, 55.4 per 1000; 1988-94, 44.4 per 1000; P = 0.01). The PNMR was significantly higher for twins from like-sexed than from unlike-sexed pairs (53.5 and 34.4 per 1000 respectively, P < 0.001). Despite no improvement in birthweight distribution in the twin population, birthweight-specific perinatal mortality rates for both like and unlike-sexed twins decreased for each birthweight category in 1988-94 compared with 1982-87. Twins with very low birthweight (< 1500 g) comprised 69%, and preterm twins (< 37 completed weeks of gestation) 74.9% of all twin perinatal deaths. The major immediate cause of early neonatal death was pulmonary immaturity (63%); antepartum anoxia caused 76.9% of antenatal deaths. Unexplained preterm labour and intrauterine death were the leading obstetric factors underlying death in twins. Despite a decrease over the 13 years, the perinatal mortality rate in twins in the Northern Region remains high. Continued monitoring of trends in twinning and mortality rates is needed to inform health care planning. KW - Birthweight-specific perinatal mortality KW - Low birthweight KW - Monozygotic and dizygotic twins KW - Prematurity KW - Twinning KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cause of death KW - comparative study KW - dizygotic twins KW - female KW - fetus death KW - fetus hypoxia KW - fetus maturity KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - lung KW - male KW - monozygotic twins KW - mortality KW - multiple pregnancy KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - premature labor KW - prematurity KW - prenatal development KW - sex ratio KW - statistics KW - time KW - twins KW - United Kingdom KW - very low birth weight KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - England KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Fetal Hypoxia KW - Fetal Organ Maturity KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Infant, Very Low Birth Weight KW - Lung KW - Male KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Multiple KW - Sex Distribution KW - Time Factors KW - Twins KW - Twins, Dizygotic KW - Twins, Monozygotic N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: TWREF C2 - 10100810 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Glinianaia, S.V.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; email: Svetlana.Glinianaia@ncl.ac.uk N1 - References: Little, J., Thompson, B., Descriptive epidemiology (1988) Twinning and Twins, pp. 37-66. , MacGillivray I, Campbell DM, Thompson B (eds). Wiley: Chichester; Ghai, V., Vidyasagar, D., Morbidity and mortality factors in twins. An epidemiologic approach (1988) Clin Perinatal, 15, pp. 123-140; Medearis, A.L., Jonas, H.S., Stockbauer, J.W., Domke, H.R., Perinatal deaths in twin pregnancy. A five-year analysis of statewide statistics in Missouri (1979) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 134, pp. 413-419; Doherty, J.D., Perinatal mortality in twins, Australia, 1973-1980: I (1988) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 37, pp. 313-319; Hartikainen-Sorri, A.L., Rantakallio, P., Sipila, P., Changes in prognosis of twin births over 20 years (1990) Ann Med, 22, pp. 131-135; Kiely, J.L., The epidemiology of perinatal mortality in multiple births (1990) Bull N Y Acad Med, 66, pp. 618-637; Spellacy, W.N., Handler, A., Ferre, C.D., A case-control study of 1253 twin pregnancies from a 1982-1987 perinatal data base (1990) Obstet Gynecol, 75, pp. 168-171; Botting, B.J., Davis, I.M., Macfarlane, A.J., Recent trends in the incidence of multiple births and their mortality (1987) Arch Dis Child, 62, pp. 941-950; Chen, C.J., Wang, C.J., Yu, M.W., Lee, T.K., Perinatal mortality and prevalence of major congenital malformations of twins in Taipei city (1992) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 41, pp. 197-203; Sebire, N.J., Snijders, R.J., Hughes, K., Sepulveda, W., Nicolaides, K.H., The hidden mortality of monochorionic twin pregnancies (1997) Br J Obstet Gynecol, 104 (10), pp. 1203-1207; Rydhström, H., The effects of maternal age, parity, and sex of the twins on twin perinatal mortality. A population based study (1990) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 39, pp. 401-408; Campbell, D.M., MacGillivray, I., Outcome of twin pregnancies (1988) Twinning and Twins, pp. 179-205. , MacGillivray I, Campbell DM, Thompson B (eds). Wiley: Chichester; Fliegner, J.R., When do perinatal deaths in multiple pregnancies occur? (1989) Austr N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 29, pp. 371-374; Meehan, F.P., Magani, I.M., Mortimer, G., Perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancy patients (1988) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 37, pp. 331-337; Ho, S.K., Wu, P.Y.K., Perinatal factor and neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancy (1975) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 122, pp. 979-987; Gardner, M.O., Goldenberg, R.L., Cliver, S.P., Tucker, J.M., Nelson, K.G., Copper, R.L., The origin and outcome of preterm twin pregnancies (1995) Obstet Gynecol, 85, pp. 553-557; Plank, K., Mikulaj, V., Stencl, J., Drobna, H., Klesken, P., Prevention and treatment of prematurity in twin gestation (1993) J Perinat Med, 21, pp. 309-313; Perinatal mortality: A continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) Br Med J, 288, pp. 1717-1720; Weinberg, W., Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie der Mehrlingsgeburten beim Menschen (1902) Archiv Gesamt Physiol Menschen Tiere, 88, pp. 346-430; Still-Birth (Definition) Act. HM Stationery Office: London, 1992; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: Fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Er J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; Norusis, M.J., (1993) SPSS/PC + 6.0, , SPSS Inc: Chicago; Luke, B., The changing pattern of multiple births in the United States: Maternal and infant characteristics, 1973 and 1990 (1994) Obstet Gynecol, 84, pp. 101-106; Millar, W.J., Wadhera, S., Nimrod, C., Multiple births: Trends and patterns in Canada, 1974-1990 (1992) Health Reports, 4, pp. 223-250; Imaizumi, Y., Twinning rates in Japan, 1951-1990 (1992) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma), 41, pp. 165-175; Westergaard, T., Wohlfahrt, J., Aaby, P., Melbye, M., Population based study of rates of multiple pregnancies in Denmark, 1980-94 (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 775-779; James, W.H., Are 'natural' twinning rates continuing to decline? (1995) Hum Reprod, 10, pp. 3042-3044; Fusi, L., Gorgon, H., Twin pregnancy complicated by single intrauterine death. Problems and outcome with conservative management (1990) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 97, pp. 511-516; Prömpeler, H.J., Madjar, H., Klosa, W., Du Bois, A., Zahradnik, H.P., Schillinger, H., Breckwoldt, M., Twin pregnancies with single fetal death (1994) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 73, pp. 205-208; Boklage, S.E., Interactions between opposite-sex dizygotic fetuses and the assumptions of Weinberg difference method epidemiology (1985) Am J Hum Gen, 37, pp. 591-605; Townsend, P., Phillimore, P., Beattie, A., (1988) Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North, , Routledge: London; Jones, J.M., Sbarra, A.J., Cetrulo, C.L., Antepartum management of twin gestation (1990) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 33, pp. 32-41; Gilstrap III, L.C., Brown, C.E., Prevention and treatment of preterm labor in twins (1988) Clin Perinatal, 15, pp. 71-77; Nageotte, M.P., Prevention and treatment of preterm labor in twin gestation (1990) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 33, pp. 61-68; Lowry, M.F., Stafford, J., Northern Region Twin Survey, 1984 (1988) J Obstet Gynaecol, 8, pp. 228-234; Saunders, M.C., Dick, J.S., Brown, I.M., McPherson, K., Chalmers, I., The effects of hospital admission for bed rest on the duration of twin pregnancy: A randomised trial (1985) Lancet, 2, pp. 793-795; D'Alton, M.E., Mercer, B.M., Antepartum management of twin gestation: Ultrasound (1990) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 33, pp. 42-51 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032234398&partnerID=40&md5=c923db363c86d3180ed815a2dca9bb0e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The natural history of childhood eczema: Observations from the British 1958 birth cohort study T2 - British Journal of Dermatology J2 - Br. J. Dermatol. VL - 139 IS - 5 SP - 834 EP - 839 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02509.x SN - 00070963 (ISSN) AU - Williams, H.C. AU - Strachan, D.P. AD - Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a birth cohort study whose longitudinal design makes it suitable for examining the natural history of common diseases in childhood such as atopic eczema. We have analysed the age of onset and clearance rates for examined and/or reported eczema in 6877 children born during the period 3-9 March 1958 for whom linked data were available at birth and at the ages of 7, 11, 16 and 23 years. Of the 870 cases with examined or reported eczema by the age of 16 years, 66% had age of onset by the age of 7 years. Of the 571 children with reported or examined eczema by the age of 7 years, the proportion of children who were clear in terms of examined eczema or reported eczema in the last year at ages 11 and 16 years was 65% and 74%, respectively. These 'apparent' or short-term clearance rates fell to 53% and 65%, respectively, after allowance for subsequent recurrences in adolescence and early adulthood. Age of onset of community-ascertained cases of atopic eczema may be later than that reported in hospital-based studies. The long-term prognosis of childhood eczema may be worse than some previous studies have suggested, especially when subsequent recurrences are taken into account. KW - article KW - atopic dermatitis KW - child KW - disease course KW - follow up KW - human KW - incidence KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - onset age KW - priority journal KW - recurrent disease KW - statistical analysis KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Age of Onset KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dermatitis, Atopic KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Prognosis KW - Recurrence N1 - Cited By :112 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJDEA C2 - 9892950 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Williams, H.C.; Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; email: hywel.williams@nottingham.ac.uk N1 - References: Kay, J., Gawkrodger, D.J., Mortimer, M.J., The prevalence of childhood atopic eczema in a general population (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol, 30, pp. 35-39; Neame, R.L., Berth-Jones, J., Kurinczuk, J.J., Graham-Brown, R.A.C., Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Leicester: A study of methodology and examination of possible ethnic variation (1995) Br J Dermatol, 132, pp. 772-777; Emerson, R., Williams, H.C., Allen, B.R., Severity distribution of atopic dermatitis in the community and its relationship to secondary referral (1997) Br J Dermatol, 137 (50 SUPPL.), p. 23; Reid, P., Lewis-Jones, M.S., Sleep difficulties and their management in preschoolers with atopic eczema (1995) Clin Exp Dermatol, 20, pp. 38-41; Herd, R.M., Tidman, M.J., Prescott, R.J., Hunter, J.A.A., The cost of atopic eczema (1996) Br J Dermatol, 155, pp. 20-23; Long, C.C., Funnell, C.M., Collard, R., Finlay, A.Y., What do members of the National Eczema Society really want? (1993) Clin Exp Dermatol, 18, pp. 516-522; Wüthrich, B., Epidemiology and natural history of atopic dermatitis (1996) Allergy Clin Allergy Int, 8, pp. 77-82; Vickers, C.F.H., The natural history of atopic eczema (1980) Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh), 92 (SUPPL.), pp. 113-115; Purdy, M.J., The long-term prognosis of infantile eczema (1953) Br Med J, 1, pp. 1366-1369; Stiller, W.C., A 21-year follow-up of infantile eczema (1996) J Pediatr, 66, pp. 166-167; Musgrove, K., Morgan, J.K., Infantile eczema. A long-term follow-up study (1976) Br J Dermatol, 95, pp. 365-372; Finn, O.A., Long-term prognosis in infantile eczema (1955) Br Med J, 1, p. 722; Burrows, D., Penman, R.W.B., Prognosis of the eczema-asthma syndrome (1960) Br Med J, 2, pp. 825-828; Rajka, G., Natural history and clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis (1986) Clin Rev Allergy, 4, pp. 3-26; Van Hecke, E., Leys, G., Evolution of atopic dermatitis (1981) Dermatologica, 163, pp. 370-375; Rystedt, I., Long term follow-up in atopic dermatitis (1986) Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh), 114 (SUPPL.), pp. 117-120; Aberg, N., Engstrom, I., Natural history of allergic disease in children (1990) Acta Paediatr, 79, pp. 206-211; Vowles, M., Warin, R.P., Apley, J., Infantile eczema: Observation on natural history and prognosis (1995) Br J Dermatol, 67, pp. 53-59; Roth, H.L., Kierland, R.R., The natural history of atopic dermatitis (1964) Arch Dermatol, 89, pp. 209-214; Quille-Roussel, C., Raynaud, F., Saurat, J.-H., A prospective computerized study of 500 cases of atopic dermatitis in childhood (1985) Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh), 114 (SUPPL.), pp. 87-92; Linna, O., Kokkonen, J., Lahtela, P., Tammela, O., Ten-year prognosis for generalised infantile eczema (1992) Acta Pædiatr, 81, pp. 1013-1016; Lammintausta, K., Kalimo, K., Raitala, R., Forsten, Y., Prognosis of atopic dermatitis (1991) In J Dermatol, 30, pp. 563-568; Lammintausta, K., Mäkelä, L., Kalimo, K., Long-term course of atopic dermatitis (1995) Allergologie, 18, pp. S460; Businco, L., Ziruolo, M.G., Ferrara, M., Natural history of atopic dermatitis in childhood (1989) Allergy, 44 (9 SUPPL.), pp. 70-78; Sackett, D.L., Richardson, W.S., Rosenberg, W., Haynes, R.B., (1997) Evidence-based Medicine, , London: Churchill Livingstone; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London: NCDS User Support Group, City University; Dean, A.G., Dean, J.A., Burton, A.H., Dicker, R.C., (1990) Epi-Info, Version 5.2, , Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control; Williams, H.C., Strachan, D.P., Hay, R.J., Childhood eczema: Disease of the advantaged? (1994) Br Med J, 308, pp. 1132-1135; Williiams, H.C., Hay, R.H., Strachan, D., Eczema and family size (1992) J Invest Dermatol, 98, p. 601; Williams, H.C., Pembroke, A.C., Forsdyke, H., London-born black Caribbean children are at increased risk of atopic dermatitis (1995) J Am Acad Dermatol, 32, pp. 212-217 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031794408&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-2133.1998.02509.x&partnerID=40&md5=bc4b1013c70ae2e77f0514ac3967d972 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accidents, assaults, and marital status T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 47 IS - 9 SP - 1325 EP - 1329 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00210-X SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, Y.-B. AD - Inst. for Human Services Research, P.O. Box 73815, Kowloon Ctrl. P.O., Hong Kong, China AB - Marriage may reduce the risk of accidents and assaults by promoting social control of health behavior. This study examines the impact of marital status on non-fatal accidents and assaults in young British women. Data is drawn from a large cohort study of the people born in 1958. Rate ratios of overall and specific incidence of non-fatal accidents and assaults are determined by negative binomial regression, with adjustment for socio-economic and behavioral confounders. The null hypothesis of no association between marital status and incidence of non-fatal accidents and assaults is rejected. It is suggested that, independent of parental status, more exposure to marriage and less exposure to marital dissolution may reduce accidents and assaults. KW - Accidents KW - Assaults KW - Britain KW - Marital status KW - Social control KW - accident KW - adult KW - article KW - assault KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - health behavior KW - human KW - marriage KW - normal human KW - regression analysis KW - socioeconomics KW - Accidents KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Marital Status KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Risk-Taking KW - Social Control, Informal KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Violence N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 9783875 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.-B.; Institute Human Services Research, Kowloon Central Post Office, PO Box 73815, Hong Kong, Hong Kong N1 - References: Ben-Shlomo, Y., Smith, G.D., Shipley, M., Marmot, M.G., Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men (1993) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 47, pp. 200-205; Brown, S.L., Booth, A., Cohabitation vs marriage: A comparison of relationship quality (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 668-678; Cartwright, S., Cooper, C.L., Barron, A., The company car driver; Occupational stress as a predictor of motor vehicle accident involvement (1996) Human Relations, 49, pp. 195-208; Coleman, D., Salt, J., (1992) The British Population: Patterns, Trends, and Processes, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Cryer, P.C., Davidson, L., Styles, C.P., Langley, J.D., Descriptive epidemiology of injury in the South East: Identifying priorities for action (1996) Public Health, 110, pp. 331-338; Ferri, E., Introduction (1993) In: Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 1-15. , ed. E. Ferri, National Children Bureau, London; Forthofer, M.S., Kessler, R.C., Story, A.L., Gotlib, I.H., The effects of psychiatric disorder on the probability and timing of first marriage (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 121-132; Fu, H., Goldman, N., Incorporating health into models of marriage choice: Demographic and sociological perspectives (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 740-758; Glynn, R.J., Buring, J.E., Ways of measuring rates of recurrent events (1996) British Medical Journal, 312, pp. 364-366; Gove, W.R., Sex, marital status, and mortality (1973) American Journal of Sociology, 79, pp. 45-67; Harano, R.M., Peck, R.C., McBride, R.S., The prediction of accident liability through biographical data and psychometric tests (1975) Journal of Safety Research, 7, pp. 16-25; (1994) That's the Limit. a Guide to Sensible Drinking, , Health Education Authority HEA, London; Hilbe, J., Negative binomial regression (1994) Stata Technical Bulletin Reprints, 3, pp. 84-88; Kiernan, K.E., Partnership behaviour in Europe: Recent trends and issues (1996) In Europe's Population in the 1990s, pp. 62-91. , ed. D. Coleman, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Macintyre, S., The effects of family position and status on health (1992) Social Science and Medicine, 35, pp. 453-464; Mastekaasa, A., Marriage and psychological well-being: Some evidence on selection into marriage (1992) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 901-911; Miller-Tutzauer, C., Leonard, K.E., Windle, M., Marriage and alcohol use: A longitudinal study of "maturing out" (1991) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52, pp. 434-440; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 6, pp. 81-110; Ross, C.E., Mirowsky, J., Goldsteen, K., The impact of the family on health: The decade in review (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 1059-1078; Sathiyasekaran, B.W.C., Population-based cohort study of injuries (1996) Injury, 27, pp. 695-698; (1992) The Health of the Nation. a Strategy for Health in England, , Secretary of State for Health HMSO, London; Shepherd, J.P., Robinson, L., Levers, B.G.H., Roots of urban violence (1990) Injuries, 21, pp. 139-141; Sherbourne, C.D., Hays, R.D., Marital status, social support, and health transitions in chronic disease patients (1990) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, pp. 328-343; Suchman, E., Accidents and social deviance (1970) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 11, pp. 4-15; Townsend, P., Phillimore, P., Beattie, A., (1988) Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North, , Croom Helm, London; Umberson, D., Family status and health behaviors: Social control as a dimension of social integration (1987) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, pp. 306-319; Umberson, D., Gender, marital status and the social control of health behavior (1992) Social Science and Medicine, 34, pp. 907-917; West, R., Elander, J., French, D., Mild social deviance, Type-A behaviour pattern and decision-making style as predictors of self-reported driving style and traffic accident risk (1993) British Journal of Psychology, 84, pp. 207-219 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031660711&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2898%2900210-X&partnerID=40&md5=90d8720202616423cb7705a759e55f41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unraveling bias in arrest decisiona: The role of juvenile offender type-scripts T2 - Justice Quarterly J2 - Justice Q. VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 426 EP - 457 PY - 1998 SN - 07418825 (ISSN) AU - Sealock, M.D. AU - Simpson, S.S. AD - Xavier University, United States AD - University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States AD - Department of Criminal Justice, Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45207, United States AB - We investigate police decisions to arrest using police contact data from the juvenile offense portion of the 1958 Philadelphia birth cohort. The analysis is based on the assumption that police use type-script (and countertype) heuristics based on suspects' race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and offense types to assist in their arrest decisions. We performed logistic regression analyses on police arrest decisions for offenses categorized according to their gender type-script. Like other results, these data show that, in the aggregate and when other variables are controlled, females are less likely to be arrested than their male counterparts and that race and SES also significantly affect the arrest decision. Among all offenses, the gender-typing variable explained a large portion of the effect of gender alone on the arrest decision. Within gender-type offense categories, we found evidence that officers consider offense seriousness and, most notably, the number of prior police contacts in arrest decisions. The latter plays a slightly larger role in the arrest decision for females than for males. Results are confounded by interactions with race and SES. N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sealock, M.D.; Department of Criminal Justice, Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45207, United States N1 - References: Black, D., (1980) The Manners and Customs of the Police, , New York: Academic Press; Canter, R.J., Sex Differences in Self-Reported Delinquency (1982) Criminology, 20, pp. 373-393; Carrington, K., Feminist Readings of Female Delinquency (1990) Feminism, Law and Society, 8, p. 5031; Cernkovich, S.A., Giordano, P.C., A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Delinquency (1979) Sociological Quarterly, 20, pp. 131-145; Chambliss, W.J., Seidman, R.B., (1971) Law and Order, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Chesney-Lind, M., Judicial Enforcement of the Female Sex Role (1973) Issues in Criminology, 8, pp. 51-69; Girls, Delinquency, and Juvenile Justice: Toward a Feminist Theory of Young Women's Crime (1995) The Criminal Justice System and Women: Offenders, Victims, and Workers, pp. 71-88. , edited by B.R. Price and N.J. Sokoloff. New York: McGraw-Hill; Chesney-Lind, M., Shelden, R.G., (1992) Girls Delinquency and Juvenile Justice, , Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole; Clogg, C.C., Petkova, E., Haritou, A., Symposium on Applied Regression: Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients between Models (1995) American Journal of Sociology, 100, pp. 1261-1293; Dannefer, D., Who Signs the Complaint? Relational Distance and the Juvenile Justice Process (1984) Law and Society Review, 18, pp. 249-271; DeFleuer, L.B., Biasing Influences on Drug Arrest Records: Implications for Deviance Research (1975) American Sociological Review, 40, pp. 88-101; Ferraro, K.J., Policing Woman Battering (1989) Social Problems, 36, pp. 61-74; Feyerherm, W., Gender Differences in Delinquency: Quantity and Quality (1980) Women and Crime in America, pp. 82-92. , edited by L.H. Bowker. New York: Macmillan; Gelsthorpe, L., Towards a Sceptical Look at Sexism (1986) International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 14, pp. 125-152; Haggart, J.R., Women and Crime (1973) Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 1, pp. 42-47; Harris, A.R., Sex and Theories of Deviance: Toward a Functional Theory of Deviant Typescripts (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 3-16; Gender and Race in the Theory of Deviant Type-Scripts (1993) Sociological Inquiry, 63, pp. 166-201; Harris, A.R., Hill, G.D., Bias in Status Processing Decisions (1986) Rationality and Collective Belief, pp. 1-89. , edited by A.R. Harris. Norword, NJ: Ablex; Herz, D.C., (1997) Exploring Medicalization Within the Juvenile Justice System, , Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland; Hill, G.D., Harris, A.R., Changes in the Gender Patterning of Crime, 1953-1977: Opportunity vs. Identity (1981) Social Science Quarterly, 62, pp. 658-671; Hill, G.D., Harris, A.R., Miller, J.L., The Etiology of Bias: Social Heuristics and Rational Decision Making in Deviance Processing (1985) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 22, pp. 135-162; Hindelang, M.J., With a Little Help from Their Friends: Group Participation in Reported Delinquent Behavior (1976) British Journal of Criminology, 16, pp. 109-125; Hindelang, M.J., Hirschi, T., Weis, J.G., (1981) Measuring Delinquency, , Beverly Hills: Sage; Horowitz, R., Pottieger, A.E., Gender Bias in Juvenile Justice Handling of Seriously Crime-Involved Youths (1988) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 28, pp. 75-100; Klinger, D.A., Demeanor or Crime? Why 'Hostile' Citizens Are More Likely to be Arrested (1994) Criminology, 32, pp. 475-493; More on Demeanor and Arrest in Dade County (1996) Criminology, 34, pp. 61-82; Loffland, J., (1969) Deviance and Identity, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Lundman, R.J., Organizational Norms and Police Discretion (1979) Criminology, 17, pp. 159-171; Demeanor or Crime? The Midwest City Police-Citizen Encounters Study (1994) Criminology, 32, pp. 631-656; Mills, C.W., Situated Actions and Vocabulary of Motive (1940) American Sociological Review, 6, pp. 904-913; Morash, M., Establishment of a Juvenile Police Record: The Influence of Individual and Peer Group Characteristics (1984) Criminology, 22, pp. 97-111; Piliavin, I., Briar, S., Police Encounters with Juveniles (1964) American Journal of Sociology, 70, pp. 206-214; Quinney, R., (1974) Critique of Legal Order: Crime Control in Capitalist Society, , Boston: Little, Brown; Rafter, N.H., (1985) Partial Justice: Women in State Prisons, 1800-1935, , Boston: Northeastern University Press; Rubinstein, J., (1973) City Police, , New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux; Sampson, R.J., Effects of Socioeconomic Context on Official Reaction to Juvenile Delinquency (1986) American Sociological Review, 51, pp. 876-886; Schlossman, S., Wallach, S., The Crime of Precocious Sexuality: Female Juvenile Delinquency in the Progressive Era (1978) Harvard Educational Review, 48, pp. 65-94; Simpson, S.S., Elis, L., Doing Gender: Sorting Out the Caste and Crime Conundrum (1995) Criminology, 33, pp. 47-81; Skolnick, J.H., (1966) Justice Without Trial: Law Enforcement in Democratic Society, , New York: Wiley; Smith, D.A., The Neighborhood Context of Police Behavior (1986) Crime and Justice, 8, pp. 313-341; Police Response to Interpersonal Violence: Defining the Parameters of Legal Control (1987) Social Forces, 65, pp. 767-782; Smith, D.A., Klein, J., Police Control of Interpersonal Disputes (1984) Social Problems, 31, pp. 468-481; Smith, D.A., Visher, C.A., Sex and Involvement in Deviance/Crime: A Quantitative Review of the Empirical Literature (1980) American Sociological Review, 45, pp. 691-701; Street-Level Justice: Situational Determinants of Police Arrest Decisions (1981) Social Problems, 29, pp. 167-177; Smith, D.A., Visher, C.A., Davidson, L., Equality and Discretionary Justice: The Influence of Race on Police Arrest Decisions (1984) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 75, pp. 234-249; Smith, L.S., Sexist Assumptions and Female Delinquency (1978) Women, Sexuality, and Social Control, , edited by C. Smart and B. Smart. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; (1995) Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, , Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Steffensmeier, D.J., Crime and the Contemporary Woman: An Analysis of Changing Levels of Female Property Crime, 1960-75 (1978) Social Forces, 57, pp. 566-584; Steffensmeier, D.J., Steffensmeier, R.H., Trends in Female Delinquency: An Examination of Arrest, Juvenile Court, Self-Report, and Field Data (1980) Criminology, 18, pp. 62-85; Sykes, R.E., Fox, J.C., Clark, J.P., A Socio-Legal Theory of Police Discretion (1976) The Ambivalent Force: Perspectives on the Police, pp. 171-183. , edited by A. Blumberg and A. Niederhoffer. Hinsdale, IL: Dryden; Tracy, P.E., Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., (1990) Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, , New York: Plenum; Triplett, R., The Conflict Perspective, Symbolic Interactionism, and the Status Characteristics Hypothesis (1993) Justice Quarterly, 10, pp. 541-558; Visher, C.A., Gender, Police Arrest Decisions, and Notions of Chivalry (1983) Criminology, 21, pp. 5-28; Worden, R.E., Shepard, R.L., Demeanor, Crime, and Police Behavior: A Reexamination of the Police Services Study Data (1996) Criminology, 34, pp. 83-105 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0010165016&partnerID=40&md5=56b2e07f6ec9080e2654d02c67242f52 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. II. Preterm delivery and gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 12 IS - SUPPL. 1 SP - 61 EP - 75 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.0120s1061.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Hennessy, E. AU - Alberman, E. AD - Dept. Environm. Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's and Royal London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom AB - The 1958 British cohort study has data to investigate intergenerational effects on preterm delivery and on gestational age in non-preterm births, allowing for many confounders that may differ in the more pathological preterm babies. Previous results for all gestational ages have been inconsistent. The strongest and only likely independent intergenerational effect on non-preterm gestational age found is parental gestational age (adjusted regression coefficient = 0.067 weeks per week in mothers and 0.045 in fathers). The preterm analysis has low power; however, reported history of hypertension in mothers (any), in fathers and in the maternal grandmother (measured in the 1958 pregnancy) all significantly and independently increased the risk of preterm birth [OR = 1.7, 2.0, 1.5 respectively]. The absolute risk was particularly high in hypertensive mothers who had been preterm themselves (21%). Other possible intergenerational influences of height, weight, fetal growth and gestation were not significant enough and/or consistent enough between parents to speculate whether they are truly intergenerational or confounded by other factors acting during the pregnancy. Excepting mother's weight for height, no genetic or environmental influence studied affects both gestational age and fetal growth in term births. However, many maternal factors that reduce either fetal growth or gestation in term births are associated with increased risk of preterm birth. KW - article KW - body height KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - gestational age KW - human KW - maternal age KW - premature labor KW - risk KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Pregnancy N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 9690274 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hennessy, E.; Dept. Environm. Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's and Royal London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031880175&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-3016.1998.0120s1061.x&partnerID=40&md5=d486cb3489cb037ad88b77e5160c1ee9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. I. Birthweight for gestational age in the children of the 1958 British Birth Cohort T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 12 IS - SUPPL. 1 SP - 45 EP - 60 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.0120s1045.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Hennessy, E. AU - Alberman, E. AD - Dept. Environm. Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's and Royal London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom AB - There is considerable literature on intergenerational influences on birthweight. Few studies have been able to investigate such influences on the more basic measures of birthweight for gestational age and gestational age itself. This paper considers fetal growth. The investigations are derived from the 1958 British birth cohort followed from birth to age 33 years. Included were questions on physical and social characteristics of each parent and the grandparents, and birth details of parent and first child. In the present study, fetal growth in non-preterm babies, after adjustment for the known effects of smoking and sex of the child, is explained best by factors relating to the parent's own growth, primarily in utero, but also to adulthood. There are small additional effects of education or social class but not of parent's gestational age. Only 15% of the variability in the child's fetal growth can be explained by the mother's characteristics and ≃ 7% by the father's. Parent's own fetal growth accounts for nearly half of the variability if unadjusted for other factors and nearly a third after adjustment for sex of child, smoking, parental height and weight, maternal age at menarche and paternal age at first birth. Parental fetal growth makes the greatest anthropometric contribution. KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - fetus KW - fetus growth KW - gestational age KW - human KW - smoking KW - social class KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Diet KW - Gestational Age KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Hypertension N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 9690273 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hennessy, E.; Dept. Environm. Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's and Royal London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031928257&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-3016.1998.0120s1045.x&partnerID=40&md5=1e9664bc2b2d1ab93fb0c5453e8d9466 ER - TY - JOUR TI - School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: A longitudinal study T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 669 EP - 685 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1017/S0021963098002625 SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Maughan, B. AU - Collishaw, S. AU - Pickles, A. AD - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom AD - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SES 8AF, United Kingdom AB - Data from the National Child Development study (NCDS) were used to examine predictors of attainment among adoptees, nonadopted children from similar birth circumstances, and other members of this national birth cohort. Adoptees performed more positively than nonadopted children from similar birth circumstances on childhood tests of reading, mathematics, and general ability, and retained this advantage in school-leaving and later adult qualifications. In addition to family SES and material circumstances, measures of the educational environment of the home and of parental interest in education emerged as central predictors of these variations. Further analyses suggested possible differences in the mode of operation of these variables between boys and girls, and at different stages of young people's educational careers. KW - Adoption KW - Attainment KW - Gene-environment correlation KW - Longitudinal KW - National Child Development Study KW - academic achievement KW - adoption KW - aptitude KW - article KW - economic aspect KW - environmental aspects and related phenomena KW - family life KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mathematics KW - normal human KW - parental behavior KW - reading KW - school child KW - Achievement KW - Adolescent KW - Adoption KW - Adult KW - Aptitude KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Education, Special KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Learning Disorders KW - Male KW - Prospective Studies KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :46 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPPDA C2 - 9690931 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Maughan, B.; MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Baker, L.A., Ho, H., Reynolds, C., Sex differences in genetic and environmental influences for cognitive abilities (1994) Nature and Nurture during middle Childhood, pp. 181-200. , J. C. DeFries, R. Plomin, & D. W. Fulker (Eds.). Oxford; Black Well Binder, D.A., On the variances of asymptotically normal estimators from complex surveys (1983) International Statistical Review, 51, pp. 279-292; Brick, J.M., Kalton, G., Handling missing data in survey research (1996) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 5, pp. 215-238; Brodzinsky, D.M., Steiger, C., Prevalence of adoptees among special education populations (1991) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, pp. 484-489; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Capron, C., Duyme, M., Assessment of effects of socioeconomic status on IQ in a full cross-fostering study (1969) Nature, 340, pp. 552-554; Clayton, D.G., Some odds ratio statistics for the analysis of ordered categorical data (1974) Biometrika, 61, pp. 525-531; Cox, C., Location-scale cumulative odds models for ordinal data: A generalized non-linear model approach (1995) Statistics in Medicine, 14, pp. 1191-1203; Crellin, E., Pringle, M.L.K., West, P., (1971) Born Illegitimate: Social and Educational Implications, , Bootle, U.K.: National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London: Longman in association with the National Children's Bureau; (1991) Education and Training for the 21st Century, 1. , CM 1536. London: HMSO; Douglas, J.W.B., Ross, J.M., Simpson, H.R., (1968) All Our Future: A Longitudinal Study of Secondary Education, , London: Peter Davies; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K., (1976) Britain's Sixteen-year-olds, , London: National Children's Bureau; Halsey, A.H., Heath, A.H., Ridge, J.M., (1980) Origins and Destinations: Family, Class and Education in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Hinshaw, S.P., Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms (1992) Psychological Bulletin, 111, pp. 127-155; Johnson, N.L., Kotz, S., (1970) Distributions in Statistics, 2. , Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifllin; Lambert, L., Streather, J., (1980) Children in Changing Families, , London: National Children's Bureau; Locurto, C., The malleability of IQ as judged from adoption studies (1990) Intelligence, 14, pp. 275-292; Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Adopted and illegitimate children growing up (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, pp. 36-61. , L. N. Robins & M. Rutter (Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; McCartney, K., Harris, M.J., Bernieri, F., Growing up and growing apart: A developmental meta-analysis of twin studies (1990) Psychological Bulletin, 107, pp. 226-237; McCullagh, P., Regression models for ordinal data (with discussion) (1980) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 42, pp. 109-142; Mortimore, J., Blackstone, T., (1982) Disadvantage and Education, , London: Heinemann; (1983) General Household Survey, , London: HMSO; Petersen, B., Harrell, F.E., Partial proportional odds models for ordinal response variables (1990) Applied Statistics, 39, pp. 205-217; Pidgeon, D.A., Tests used in 1954 and 1957 surveys (1966) The Home and the School, pp. 129-132. , J. W. B. Douglas. London: Macgibbon & Kee; Plomin, R., Genetics and children's experiences in the family (1995) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, pp. 33-68; Rutter, M., Family and school influences on cognitive development (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 683-704; Rutter, M., Family and school influences on behavioural development (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 349-368; Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., IQ test performance of black children adopted by white families (1976) American Psychologist, 31, pp. 726-739; Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., Intellectual similarities within families of both adopted and biological children (1977) Intelligence, 1, pp. 170-191; Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., The influence of "family background" on intellectual attainment (1978) American Sociological Review, 43, pp. 674-692; Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., The Minnesota adoption studies: Malleability and genetic differences (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 260-267; Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., Educational and occupational achievements of brothers and sisters in adoptive and biologically related families (1994) Behavior Genetics, 24, pp. 301-325; Schepers, A., Arminger, A., (1992) MECOSA User Guide Version 2.0, , Zurichstrasse 300, CH-8500 Frauenfeld, Switzerland: SLI-AG; Schiff, M., Lewontin, R., (1986) Education and Class: The Irrelevance of IQ Genetic Studies, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Seglow, J., Pringle, M.K., Wedge, P., (1972) Growing Up Adopted, , Bootle, U.K.: National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales; Shah, B.V., Barnwell, B.G., Hunt, P.N., Lavange, L.M., (1992) SUDAAN User Manual Release 6.0, , Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; Silver, L.B., Frequency of adoption of children and adolescents with learning disabilities (1989) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, pp. 325-327; Southgate, V., (1962) Southgate Group Reading Tests: Manual of Instructions, , London: University of London; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children. Manual to the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides (3rd Edn.), , London: University of London; Teasdale, T.W., Owen, D.R., Heredity and familial environment in intelligence and educational level- A sibling study (1984) Nature, 309, pp. 620-622; Teasdale, T.W., Owen, D.R., The influence of paternal social class on intelligence and educational level in male adoptees and non-adoptees (1986) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 56, pp. 3-12; Tizard, B., Hodges, J., The effect of early institutional rearing on the development of eight-year-old children (1978) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 19, pp. 99-118; Wadsworth, S.J., Defries, J.C., Fulker, D.W., Cognitive abilities of children at 7 and 12 years of age in the Colorado Adoption Project (1993) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, pp. 611-615; Wedge, P., The second follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 34-39 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031872761&doi=10.1017%2fS0021963098002625&partnerID=40&md5=2e31dbab75e369289730a2691037727f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forty years on: Professor Neville Butler and the British Birth Cohort Studies T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 12 IS - SUPPL. 1 SP - 31 EP - 44 PY - 1998 SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Ferri, E. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0BN, United Kingdom AB - This paper traces the major contribution made by Professor Neville Butler, over a period of 40 years, to the foundation and subsequent development of two of Britain's three national birth cohort studies: the National Child Development Study, which has monitored the lives of all those in Britain born in the week 3-9 March 1958, and the British Cohort Study 1970, which has similarly followed the development of those born in the week 5-11 April 1970. Some recent findings from the two studies in the areas of health and health behaviour are briefly summarised, as are the plans for their future development. © 1998 Blackwell Science Ltd. KW - article KW - child behavior KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - human KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Great Britain KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases KW - Mental Health KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 9690272 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ferri, E.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0BN, United Kingdom N1 - References: Magnussen, D., Bergmann, L.R., (1990) Data Quality in Longitudinal Research, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Shepherd, P., The National Child Development Study: An introduction to the origins of the study and the methods of data collection (1985) NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 1, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., An integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (1992) Inter-cohort Analysis Working Paper 1, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; (1995) NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 2, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, revised May; (1997) Working Paper 2, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, April; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 6, pp. 81-110; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; (1967) Children and Their Primary Schools. 2 Vols. (The Plowden Report), 2. , London: HMSO; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London: Longman/National Children's Bureau; Wedge, P., The second follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 34-39; Fogelman, K.R., (1976) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, , London: National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Fox, A.J., Manor, O., Fogelman, K., Health in childhood and social inequalities in young adults (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 153, pp. 17-28; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: the Early Years, , Andover: Chapman & Hall; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., (1997) It Doesn't Get Any Better, , London: Basic Skills Agency; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1973) British Births 1970. Vol. 1: The First Week of Life, 1. , London: Heinemann; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970. Vol. 2: The First Week of Life, 2. , London: Heinemann; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Howlett, B.C., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five-Year-Olds, , Oxford: Pergamon; Osborne, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five-Year-Olds: a Report of the Child Health and Education Study, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study. First Report to the Department of Education and Science on the 10-Year Follow-up, , Bristol: Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Howlett, B.C., Stewart-Brown, S., Brewer, R.I., Prosser, H., (1983) Child Health and Education Study. A Collection of Papers from the 10-Year Follow-up. Report to the Department of Health and Social Security, , Bristol: Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; Atkinson, J., Butler, N.R., Vision problems in under 5s (1985) The At-Risk Infant: Psycho/socio/ Medical Aspects, , Editors: Harel S, Anastasiow NJ. London: Paul Brookes Publishing; Stewart-Brown, S., Butler, N.R., Visual activity in a national sample of 10 year old children (1985) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 39, pp. 107-112; Biljur, P.E., Stewart-Brown, S., Butler, N.R., Child behaviour and accidental injury in 11,966 pre-school children (1986) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 140, pp. 487-492; Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B., Butler, N.R., Family type and accidents in pre-school children (1983) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 37, pp. 100-104; Lewis, S., Richards, D., Bynner, J., Butler, N.R., Britton, J., Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheezing in childhood (1995) European Respiratory Journal, 305, pp. 326-327; Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Convulsive disorders in the Child Health and Education Study (1983) Research Progress in Epilepsy, , Editor: Clifford Rose G. London: Pitman; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1307-1310; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II. Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1311-1315; Golding, J., Hicks, P., Butler, N.R., (1982) Eczema in the First Five Years, , Report to the National Eczema Society. Bristol: Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; Butler, N.R., Preventing childhood handicap (1984) Action Research, 2, pp. 9-10; Haslum, M.N., Morris, A.C., Butler, N.R., A cohort study of special educational needs in ten-year-olds in the United Kingdom (1985) Understanding Learning Disabilities: International and Multidisciplinary Views, , Editors: Duane DD, Leong CK. New York: Plenum Press; Butler, N.R., Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., (1981) Teenage Mothering, , Report to the Dept. of Health and Social Security. Bristol: Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Teenage mothering: Admission to hospital and accidents during the first five years (1983) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 58, pp. 6-11; Wadsworth, J., Taylor, B., Osborn, A., Butler, N.R., Teenage mothering: Child development at five years (1983) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 305-313; Osborne, A.F., Butler, N.R., (1985) Ethnic Minority Children. A Comparative Study from Birth to Five Years, , London: Commission for Racial Equality; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., (1993) Literacy and Numeracy Skills of British 21-Year-Olds. Preliminary Report to the Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit (ALBSU), , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990s: Getting On, Getting By, Getting Nowhere, , Aldershot: Ashgate; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 210-221; Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social mobility (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; Montgomery, S., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Are young unemployed men at greater risk of future illness, even before they experience any unemployment? (1995) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 49, p. 552; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain (1996) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50, pp. 415-422; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.G., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 77, pp. 326-330; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child/ adolescent fatness (1997) International Journal of Obesity, 21, pp. 507-526; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Significant social class gradient in menstrual disorders (1995) British Medical Journal, 311, p. 1503; Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Women's reproductive health: The role of body mass index in early and adult life (1997) International Journal of Obesity, 21, pp. 432-438; Montgomery, S.M., Schoon, I., Health and health behaviour (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990s, , Editors: Bynner J, Ferri E, Shepherd P. Aldershot: Ashgate; Maughan, B., Taylor, A., Selection into Marriage, , (forthcoming) provisional title; Schoon, I., Montgomery, S.M., Zum Zusammenhang von fruehkindlicher Lebenserfahrung und Depression im Erwachsenalter (1997) Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse, 43, pp. 319-333; Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Johnstone, E.C., Sacker, A., Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness (1994) British Medical Journal, 309, pp. 699-703; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J.-A., (1997) What Happened When They Were Grown Up?, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Rodgers, B., Power, C., Hope, S., Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort: a research note (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 38, pp. 867-872; Golding, J., Illegitimate births: Do they suffer in the long term? (1989) Early Influences Shaping the Individual, , Editors: Doxiadis S, Stewart S. New York: Plenum Press; Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Infant adoption: Psychosocial outcomes in adulthood (1998) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, pp. 57-65; Charlton, A., While, D., Smoking and menstrual problems in 16-year-olds (1996) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 89, pp. 193-195; Hope, S., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Parental separation and alcohol consumption: Changing lifecourse patterns (1998) Addiction, 93, pp. 505-514; Montgomery, S.M., Thompson, N.P., Subhani, J., Ebrahim, S., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A., Inflammatory bowel disease in a national birth cohort (1997) GUT, 40 (1 SUPPL.), pp. A22. , 1997; Peters, T.J., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Fryer, J.G., Lawrence, C.J., Chamberlain, G.V.P., Plus ça change: Predictors of birthweight in two national studies (1983) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 90, pp. 1040-1045; Peters, T., Harragin, R., Golding, J., Do the maternal and social factors related to birthweight change over time? (1985) Health Visitor, 58, pp. 226-227; Peters, T., Adelstein, P., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., The effects of work in pregnancy: Short and long-term associations (1984) Pregnant Women at Work, , Editor: Chamberlain G. London: RSM/Macmillan; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Acute appendicitis and bathrooms in three samples of British children (1988) British Medical Journal, 262, pp. 956-958; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Peckham, C.S., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939-45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; Chilvers, C., Apparent doubling of frequency of undescended testes in England and Wales 1962-81 (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 330-332; Calnan, M., Douglas, J., Goldstein, H., Tonsillectomy and circumcision: Comparisons of two cohorts (1978) International Journal of Epidemiology, 7, pp. 79-85; Kuh, D., Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031904946&partnerID=40&md5=81d5fe86b74d50b0c1fb40076dff9a93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prenatal and perinatal antecedents of febrile convulsions and afebrile seizures: Data from a national cohort study T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 12 IS - SUPPL. 1 SP - 76 EP - 95 PY - 1998 SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Greenwood, R. AU - Golding, J. AU - Ross, E. AU - Verity, C. AD - Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Department of Community Paediatrics, King's College, London, United Kingdom AD - Child Development Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Division of Child Health, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom AB - The assumption is often made that brain damage during the perinatal period is likely to result in neurological abnormalities such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy. However, there has been accumulating evidence that cerebral palsy is rarely, if ever, a result of intrapartum events, but few studies of other neurological abnormalities have been undertaken. We analysed data on 16163 children from the 1970 British national cohort study and followed to age 10, focusing on the 378 who developed febrile convulsions (FCs) and 63 children with idiopathic afebrile seizures (IAS). Children with IAS were significantly more likely not to have been breast fed (P < 0.001), and this was independent of features such as birthweight and maternal disorder. A similar finding was apparent for FCs (P < 0.05). Although children with low birthweight were at increased risk of both conditions, there was no association with maternal smoking in pregnancy. No associations were found between indications of fetal distress during labour and later febrile convulsions or afebrile seizures. There was no evidence that intervention during labour would have improved these outcomes. However, associations were found with abnormalities earlier in pregnancy, suggesting a prenatal rather than an intrapartum aetiology. © 1998 Blackwell Science Ltd. KW - article KW - birth weight KW - brain injury KW - breast feeding KW - cerebral palsy KW - child KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - epilepsy KW - febrile convulsion KW - fetus distress KW - human KW - infant KW - labor KW - major clinical study KW - maternal disease KW - newborn KW - perinatal period KW - risk KW - seizure KW - smoking KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Female KW - Fetal Distress KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Labor, Obstetric KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Seizures KW - Seizures, Febrile N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PPEPE C2 - 9690275 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Division of Child Health, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predisposing and causative factors in childhood epilepsy (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. S16-S24; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prenatal and perinatal antecedents of febrile seizures (1990) Annals of Neurology, 27, pp. 127-131; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., Seizure disorder in the National Child Development Study (1983) Research Progress in Epilepsy, , Editor: Rose C. London: Pitman; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970. Vol 1. The First Week of Life, 1. , London: William Heineman; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Febrile seizures: Long-term management of children with fever-associated seizures (1980) British Medical Journal, 281, pp. 277-279. , Summary of an NIH Consensus Statement; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Febrile Seizures (1983) Pediatric Epidemiology, pp. 173-198. , Editor: Dreyfuss FE. Boston: John Wright PSG; Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 489-501; Baumann, R.J., Problems in epidemiologic studies of the consequences of febrile seizures in children (1981) Febrile Seizures, pp. 27-33. , Editors: Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. New York: Raven Press; Klebanoff, M.A., Invited commentary: The epidemiology of febrile seizures, or the epidemiology of study participation (1990) American Journal of Epidemiology, 132, pp. 474-477; Lilienfeld, A.M., Pasamanick, B., The association of maternal and fetal factors with the development of cerebral palsy and epilepsy (1955) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 70, pp. 93-101; Forsgren, L., (1990) Epidemiology of Seizure Disorders: Clinical Characterization and Analysis of Risk Factors in Children with Febrile Convulsions, Newly Referred Adults and Mentally Retarded Persons with Epilepsy, (270). , Umea University Medical Dissertations; Van Den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. V. Excess of early fetal deaths among pregnancies preceding the birth of children with febrile or nonfebrile convulsions (1974) Journal of Pediatrics, 84, pp. 837-840; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first 5 years of life (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1307-1310; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 207-210; Forsgren, L., Sidenvall, R., Blomquist, H., Heijbel, J., Nystrom, L., Pre- And perinatal factors in febrile convulsions (1991) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 80, pp. 218-225 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031902180&partnerID=40&md5=2d59d401674a20a4d8fdc798568c65f9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of birthweight and gestational age in antepartum stillbirths T2 - British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 105 IS - 5 SP - 524 EP - 530 PY - 1998 SN - 03065456 (ISSN) AU - Gardosi, J. AU - Mul, T. AU - Mongelli, M. AU - Fagan, D. AD - Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To study the characteristics of birthweight and gestational age of third trimester fetal deaths which occurred before the onset of labour. Design: Review of computerised confidential perinatal mortality records. Data originated from the 1992 Trent Region Perinatal Mortality Survey. Sample: One hundred and forty-nine antepartum stillbirths of at least 24 weeks of gestation confirmed by early ultrasound scan. Congenital abnormalities and multiple pregnancies were excluded. Main outcome measures: Reported causes of stillbirth; weight-for-gestational age centiles based on a standard derived from normal pregnancies; pregnancy characteristics compared with the local maternity population. Results: Of 149 stillbirths, 83 (56%) were preterm and 66 were at term, and the majority (126; 85%) occurred from 31 weeks. Most of the deaths (97; 65%) were reported as 'unexplained' even though post-mortems had been carried out in 60% of all cases. Using a gestational age-specific fetal weight standard derived from normal, term live births, 41% of all cases of stillborn infants were small-for-gestational age (< 10th centile; OR 6·2; 95% CI 3·3-11·5); 39% of which had been classified as unexplained were small for gestational age (OR 5·6; 2·6- 12·0). This excess of small stillbirths was most pronounced between 31 and 33 weeks, where the weights of 63% of all stillbirths and 72% of unexplained fetal deaths were < 10th centile. Overall, a higher proportion of preterm (< 37 weeks) than term stillbirths were small for gestational age: 53% vs 26% (OR 3·3; 1·6-6·5). However, at term there were also more subtle differences in weight deficit, with more fetuses with a weight between the 10th and 50th centiles than between 50th and 90th (36 vs 11; OR 3·3; 1·4- 7·8). Mothers of pregnancies ending in stillbirth were similar in age, size, parity and ethnic group to mothers of live born babies, but were more likely to be smokers (37 vs 27%, OR 1·6; 1·2-2·3). Conclusions: Many stillborn babies are small for gestational age. In the absence of significant differences in physiological pregnancy characteristics, this is unlikely to be a constitutional smallness, but represents a preponderance of intrauterine growth restriction. For a full appreciation of the strength of this association, appropriate weight standards and classifications need to be applied in perinatal mortality surveys. Many antepartum stillbirths which are currently designated as unexplained may be avoidable if slow fetal growth could be recognised as a warning sign. KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - cigarette smoking KW - disease association KW - echography KW - female KW - fetus KW - gestational age KW - human KW - idiopathic disease KW - infection KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maternal behavior KW - pathogenesis KW - perinatal mortality KW - preeclampsia KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - solutio placentae KW - stillbirth KW - Birth Weight KW - Cause of Death KW - England KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Trimester, Third KW - Sex Ratio N1 - Cited By :134 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJOGA C2 - 9637122 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gardosi, J.; Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031866082&partnerID=40&md5=8c260a24ff7ea25033ddb714e393f669 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term intellectual and behavioral outcomes of children with febrile convulsions T2 - New England Journal of Medicine J2 - New Engl. J. Med. VL - 338 IS - 24 SP - 1723 EP - 1728 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1056/NEJM199806113382403 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) AU - Verity, C.M. AU - Greenwood, R. AU - Golding, J. AD - Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - U. Paediatr. Perinatal Epidemiol., Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Child Development Centre, Box 107, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom AB - Background: Hospital-based studies have reported that children with febrile convulsions have subsequent mental retardation and behavior problems. In contrast, population-based studies have reported a better outcome. Methods: We identified 398 children with febrile convulsions among 14,676 children enrolled in the Child Health and Education Study, a national population-based study in the United Kingdom of children born in one week in April 1970. The children were comprehensively assessed at the age of 10. After excluding 16 children who had neurodevelopmental problems before their first febrile convulsion and 1 child whose case was atypical, we studied 381 children, 287 with simple febrile convulsions and 94 with complex febrile convulsions. We compared them with the rest of the cohort using measures of academic progress, intelligence, and behavior that included questionnaires, standardized tests, and formal tests. Results: At the 10-year assessment, only 4 of 102 measures of academic progress, intelligence, and behavior differed significantly between the entire group of children with febrile convulsions and the group without febrile convulsions - no more than would be expected by chance. Similar results were found when children with simple febrile convulsions and those with complex febrile convulsions were analyzed separately. The children with recurrent episodes of febrile convulsions had outcomes similar to those of the children with only one episode each. Special schooling was required for more children who had febrile convulsions in the first year of life than for those who had had them later in life (5 of 67, or 7.5 percent, vs. 4 of 265, or 1.5 percent; P=0.02), but these numbers were small. Conclusions: Children who had febrile convulsions performed as well as other children in terms of their academic progress, intellect, and behavior at 10 years of age. KW - academic achievement KW - antisocial behavior KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child KW - clinical trial KW - controlled study KW - febrile convulsion KW - human KW - hyperactivity KW - infant KW - intelligence KW - learning disorder KW - major clinical study KW - mental deficiency KW - parent counseling KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - Age Factors KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Child KW - Child Behavior KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Intelligence KW - Male KW - Prospective Studies KW - Seizures, Febrile N1 - Cited By :158 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NEJMA C2 - 9624192 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Verity, C.M.; Development Centre, Box 107, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Baumer, J.H., David, T.J., Valentine, S.J., Roberts, J.E., Hughes, B.R., Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion (1981) Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, pp. 462-464; Febrile convulsions (1994) Epilepsy in Children. 2nd Ed., pp. 253-275. , Aicardi J. New York: Raven Press; Wallace, S.J., (1988) The Child with Febrile Seizures, , London: Butterworth; Lennox, M.A., Febrile convulsions in childhood: Their relationship to adult epilepsy (1949) J Pediatr, 35, pp. 427-435; Aicardi, J., Chevrie, J.-J., Febrile convulsions: Neurological sequelae and mental retardation (1976) International Brain Research Organization Monograph Series. Vol. 2. Brain Dysfunction in Infantile Febrile Convulsions, 2, pp. 247-257. , Brazier MAB, Coceani F, eds. New York: Raven Press; Wallace, S.J., Cull, A.M., Long-term psychological outlook for children whose first fit occurs with fever (1979) Dev Med Child Neurol, 21, pp. 28-40; Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Febrile seizures and later intellectual performance (1978) Arch Neurol, 35, pp. 17-21; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life (1985) BMJ, 290, pp. 1307-1310; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II. Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) BMJ, 290, pp. 1311-1315; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claircaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970. Vol. 1. The First Week of Life, 1. , London: William Heinemann; Febrile seizures: Long-term management of children with fever-associated seizures: Summary of an NIH consensus statement (1980) BMJ, 281, pp. 277-279; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 1029-1033; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behavior, , London: Longman; Conners, C.K., A teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children (1969) Am J Psychiatry, 126, pp. 884-888; Osborne, A.F., (1987) The Effects of Early Education, , Oxford, England: Clarendon Press; Elliott, C.D., (1983) British Ability Scales: Manual 2: Technical Handbook, , Windsor, England: NFER-Nelson; Fisher, R.A., Yates, F., (1963) Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. 6th Ed. Rev., , Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver and Boyd; Mann, H.B., Whitney, D.R., On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other (1947) Ann Math Stat, 18, pp. 50-60; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Shirts, S.B., Kurland, L.T., Factors prognostic of unprovoked seizures after febrile convulsions (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 493-498; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) BMJ, 280, pp. 207-210; Verity, C.M., Golding, J., Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: A national cohort study (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1373-1376. , Erratum, BMJ 1992;304: 147; Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the child health and education study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 857-861; Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Outcome of childhood status epilepticus and lengthy febrile convulsions: Findings of a national cohort study (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 225-228; Schiottz-Christensen, E., Bruhn, P., Intelligence, behaviour and scholastic achievement subsequent to febrile convulsions: An analysis of discordant twin-pairs (1973) Dev Med Child Neurol, 15, pp. 565-575; Wallace, S.J., Neurological and intellectual deficits: Convulsions with fever viewed as acute indications of life-long developmental defects (1976) International Brain Research Organization Monograph Series. Vol. 2. Brain Dysfunction in Infantile Febrile Convulsions, 2, pp. 259-277. , Brazier MAB, Coceani F, eds. New York: Raven Press; Millichap, J.G., (1968) Febrile Convulsions, , New York: Macmillan; Wolf, S.M., Forsythe, A., Behavior disturbance, phenobarbital, and febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 728-731; Aldridge Smith, J., Wallace, S.J., Febrile convulsions: Intellectual progress in relation to anticonvulsant therapy and to recurrence of fits (1982) Arch Dis Child, 57, pp. 104-107; Camfield, P., Camfield, C., Diazepam to prevent febrile seizures (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, p. 2034 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032507889&doi=10.1056%2fNEJM199806113382403&partnerID=40&md5=f34669362513c96ed55bea365cc11f7e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relationship between parental separation in childhood and problem drinking in adulthood T2 - Addiction J2 - Addiction VL - 93 IS - 4 SP - 505 EP - 514 PY - 1998 SN - 09652140 (ISSN) AU - Hope, S. AU - Power, C. AU - Rodgers, B. AD - Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - NH and MRC Psychiat. Epidemiol. R., Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia AD - Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WCIN 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Aims. To investigate the association between parental separation and alcohol consumption and problem drinking in early adulthood (at ages 23 and 33). Design. The study used longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort study, a large representative national sample followed to age 33. Setting. Great Britain. Participants. 11,407 subjects were interviewed at age 33 in 1991 (69% of the target population). Analyses are based on 4606 men and 4892 women with data at ages 23 and 33. Measurements. Units of alcohol consumed in the previous week at ages 23 and 33. Heavy drinking was defined as more than 20 units/week (women) and more than 35 units/week (men). Problem drinking was indicated by the four-item CAGE measure. Information on parental separation was reported by subjects at age 33; parental deaths were ascertained from data recorded in childhood sweeps of the survey. Findings. At age 23, the relationship between parental separation and alcohol consumption was weak and inconsistent, but by age 33 a stronger and more consistent relationship had emerged. Higher levels of alcohol consumption, heavy drinking and problem drinking (odds ratios 1.29-1.90) were found for those who had experienced parental divorce in childhood, but not later parental divorce or parental death. These results were not substantially attenuated by possible mediating factors, such as marital status or socio-economic circumstances. Conclusions. The risk associated with early parental divorce appeared to strengthen between ages 23 and 33. Life-course factors influencing the manifestation of alcohol problems in those from divorced families need to be identified. KW - alcohol KW - adult KW - alcohol abuse KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - death KW - divorce KW - drinking behavior KW - female KW - human KW - interview KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - marriage KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomics KW - united kingdom KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Alcoholism KW - Divorce KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Life Change Events KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :59 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADICE C2 - 9684389 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hope, S.; Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well-being: A meta-analysis (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 43-58; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis (1991) Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp. 26-46; Aseltine, R.H., Pathways linking parental divorce with adolescent depression (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 37, pp. 133-148; Bell, D.S., Champion, R.A., Deviancy, delinquency and drug use (1979) British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, pp. 269-276; Bennett, N., Jarvis, L., Rowlands, O., Singleton, N., Haselden, L., (1996) Living in Britain: Results from the 1994 General Household Survey, pp. 113-135. , London, HMSO; Bernadt, M.W., Taylor, C., Mumford, J., Smith, B., Murray, R.M., Comparison of questionnaire and laboratory tests in the detection of excessive drinking and alcoholism (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 325-328; Breier, A., Kelsoe, J.R., Kirwin, P.D., Beller, S.A., Wolkowitz, O.M., Pickar, D., Early parental loss and development of adult psychopathology (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 987-993; Dunbar, G.C., Morgan, D.D.V., The changing pattern of alcohol consumption in England and Wales 1978-85 (1987) British Medical Journal, 295, pp. 807-810; Estaugh, V., Power, C., Family disruption in early life and drinking in young adulthood (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26, pp. 639-644; Ewing, J.A., Detecting alcoholism-the CAGE questionnaire (1984) Journal of the American Medical Association, 252, pp. 1905-1907; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London, National Children's Bureau and City University; Glenn, N.D., Kramer, K.B., The marriages and divorces of the children of divorce (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 811-825; Gomberg, E.S.L., Lisansky, J.M., Antecedents of alcohol problems in women (1984) Alcohol Problems in Women: Antecedents, Consequences and Interventions, pp. 233-259. , WILSNACK, S. C. & BECKMAN, L. J. (Eds) (London, Guilford Press); Hartka, E., Fillmore, K.M., Cross-cultural and cross-temporal explanations of drinking behavior -c ontributions from epidemiology, life-span developmental psychology and the sociology of aging (1989) British Journal of Addiction, 84, pp. 1409-1417; Hedges, B., Alcohol consumption (1996) Health Survey for England 1994, pp. 337-368. , COLHOUN, H. & PRESCOTT-CLARKE, P. (Eds) (London, HMSO); Hetherington, E.M., Effects of father absence on personality development in adolescent daughters (1972) Developmental Psychology, 7, pp. 313-326; Higley, J.D., Hasert, M.F., Suomi, S.J., Linnoila, M., Nonhuman primate model of alcohol abuse: Effects of early experience, personality, and stress on alcohol consumption (1991) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88, pp. 7261-7265; Kalter, N., Long-term effects of divorce on children: A developmental vulnerability model (1987) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, pp. 587-600; Kendler, K.S., Neale, M.C., Prescott, C.A., Childhood parental loss and alcoholism in women: A causal analysis using a twin-family design (1996) Psychological Medicine, 26, pp. 79-95; Koller, K.M., Williams, W.T., Early parental deprivation and later behavioural outcomes: Cluster analysis study of normal and abnormal groups (1974) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 8, pp. 89-96; Kuh, D., Maclean, M., Women's childhood experience of parental separation and their subsequent health and socioeconomic status in adulthood (1990) Journal of Biosocial Science, 22, pp. 1221-2135; Maughan, B., Mccarthy, G., Childhood adversities and psychosocial disorders (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 156-169; Mayfield, D., Mcleod, G., Hall, P., The CAGE questionnaire: Validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument (1974) American Journal of Psychiatry, 131, pp. 1121-1123; Mullen, P.E., Martin, J.C., Anderson, J.C., Romans, S.E., Herbison, G.P., The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: A community study (1996) Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, pp. 7-21; Parker, G., Early environment (1992) Handbook of Affective Disorders, pp. 171-183. , PAYKEL, E. S. (Ed.) (New York, Guilford Press); Pope, H., Mueller, C.W., The intergenerational transmission of marital stability: Comparisons by race and sex (1976) Journal of Social Issues, 32, pp. 49-66; Power, C., Estaugh, V., The role of family formation and dissolution in shaping drinking behaviour in early adulthood (1990) British Journal of Addiction, 85, pp. 521-530; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Rodgers, B., Power, C., Hope, S., Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 867-872; (1987) A Great and Growing Evil: The Medical Consequences of Alcohol Abuse, , London, Tavistock; (1986) Alcohol Our Favourite Drug, , London, Tavistock; Sieber, M.F., Angst, J., Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis: 12-year longitudinal associations with antecedent social context and personality (1990) Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 25, pp. 281-292; Smart, R.G., Adlaf, E.M., Knoke, D., Use of the CAGE scale in a population survey of drinking (1991) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52, pp. 593-596; Tennant, C., Parental loss in childhood (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 1045-1050; Tennant, C., Bernardi, E., Childhood loss in alcoholics and narcotic addicts (1988) British Journal of Addiction, 83, pp. 695-703; Tennant, F.S., Detels, R., Clark, V., Some childhood antecedents of drug and alcohol abuse (1975) American Journal of Epidemiology, 102, pp. 377-385; Wallerstein, J.S., Corbin, S.B., Daughters of divorce: Report from a ten-year follow-up (1989) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, pp. 593-604; Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression (1977) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 98-111; Whichelow, M.J., Trends in alcohol consumption (1993) Health and Lifestyle Survey: Seven Years on, pp. 237-255. , Cox, B. D., HUPPERT, F. A. & WHICHELOW, M. J. (Eds) (Aldershot, Dartmouth); Wilsnack, R.W., Wilsnack, S.C., Klassen, A.D., Women's drinking and drinking problems: Patterns from a 1981 national survey (1984) American Journal of Public Health, 74, pp. 1231-1238; Wilson, P., (1980) Drinking in England and Wales, , London, HMSO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031956335&partnerID=40&md5=f37f4cd3bf1d301a186a4ccf03c736b6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fathers and absent fathers: Sociodemographic similarities in Britain and the United States T2 - Demography J2 - Demography VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 217 EP - 228 PY - 1998 SN - 00703370 (ISSN) AU - Clarke, L. AU - Cooksey, E.C. AU - Verropoulou, G. AD - Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, 300 Bricker Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, United States AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom AB - Using data from the British Household Panel Survey and the National Survey of Families and Households in the United States, we present a sociodemographic profile of fathers and compare the determinants of absent fatherhood in each country. Although fatherhood has a younger profile in the United States, especially for blacks, predictors of fathers' residency with their children are remarkably similar in the two countries. In both countries, the strongest predictor of a father's absence is the parents' relationship to each other at the time of the child's birth. Policy implications of this finding are discussed. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - African American KW - article KW - Caucasian KW - child KW - comparative study KW - cultural factor KW - custody KW - family size KW - father child relation KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - marriage KW - middle aged KW - Negro KW - newborn KW - parental deprivation KW - policy KW - preschool child KW - psychological aspect KW - statistics KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - African Americans KW - African Continental Ancestry Group KW - Child KW - Child Custody KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Family Characteristics KW - Father-Child Relations KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Marriage KW - Middle Aged KW - Paternal Deprivation KW - Public Policy KW - United States N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 9622783 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cooksey, E.C.; Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, 300 Bricker Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; email: cooksey.l@osu.edu N1 - References: Allison, P.D., (1984) Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data, , Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; Amato, P.R., Rezac, S.J., Contact with Non Resident Parents, Interparental Conflict, and Children's Behavior (1994) Journal of Family Issues, 15, pp. 191-207; Barnett, R.C., Baruch, G.K., Correlates of Fathers' Participation in Family Work (1988) Fatherhood Today: Men's Changing Role in the Family, pp. 68-78. , edited by P. Bronstein and C.P. Cowan. New York: John Wiley and Sons; Bogue, D.J., (1985) The Population of the United States: Historical Trends and Future Projections, , New York: Free Press; Bradshaw, J., Millar, J., (1991) Lone Parent Families in the U.K., , Department of Social Security, Research Report 6, London, HMSO; Bradshaw, J., Simpson, C., Fathers Apart in Britain: Preliminary Results of a National Survey (1996) Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference, , Presented, Brisbane; Buck, N., Gershuny, J., Rose, D., Scott, J., (1994) Changing Households: The British Household Panel Survey 1990-1992, , Essex: ESRC Centre on Micro-Social Change; Buck, N., Scott, J., Household and Family Change (1994) Changing Households: The British Household Panel Survey 1990-1992, pp. 61-82. , edited by N. Buck, J. Gershuny, D. Rose, and J. Scott. Essex: ESRC Centre on Micro-Social Change; Bumpass, L.L., What's Happening to the Family? Interactions between Demographic and Institutional Change (1990) Demography, 7, pp. 483-498; Bumpass, L.L., Raley, R.K., Sweet, J.A., The Changing Character of Stepfamilies: Implications of Cohabitation and Nonmarital Childbearing (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 425-436; Burgess, A., Ruxton, S., (1996) Men and Their Children. Proposals for Public Policy, , London: Institute for Public Policy Research; Burghes, L., Clarke, L., (1997) Fathers and Fatherhood Today, , London: Family Policy Studies Centre; Charlow, A., Awarding Y: The Best Interests of the Child and Other Fictions (1994) Child. Parent, and State: Law and Policy Reader, pp. 3-26. , edited by S.R. Humm, B.A. Ort, M.M. Anbari, W.S. Lader, and W.S. Biel. Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Clarke, L., Cooksey, E.C., Verropoulou, G., Van Willigen, M., The Experience of Parenthood: Fathers and Mothers Compared in Britain and the United States (1996) British Society for Population Studies Conference, , Presented, University of St. Andrew's, Scotland; Clarke, L., Di Salvo, P., Joshi, H., Wright, J., (1997) Stability and Instability in Children's Lives: Longitudinal Evidence from Great Britain, , Research Paper 97-1, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Coleman, D., Male Fertility Trends in Industrial Countries: Theories in Search of Some Evidence (1995) Seminar on Fertility and the Male Life Cycle in the Era of Fertility Decline, , Presented, Zacatecas, Mexico, 13-16 November 1995, IUSSP, Liege, Belgium; Cooksey, E.C., Consequences of Young Mothers' Marital Histories for Children's Cognitive Development (1997) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, pp. 245-261; Cooksey, E.C., Craig, P.H., Parenting from a Distance: The Effects of Paternal Characteristics on Contact between Nonresidential Fathers and Their Children (1997) Demography, 35, pp. 187-200; Cooksey, E.C., Fondell, M.M., Spending Time with His Kids. Effects of Family Structure on Fathers' and Children's Lives (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 693-707; (1996) Labour Force Survey Results 1995, , Office for Official Publications of the European Community; Men and the Family (1996) Family Policy Bulletin, , Nov; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and City University; Ferri, E., Smith, K., (1997) Family Breakdown and Family Conflict: The NCDS Cohort as Parents, , Working Paper 49, SSRU, City University, London; Furstenberg, F.F., Morgan, S.P., Allison, P.D., Paternal Participation and Children's Well-Being after Marital Dissolution (1987) American Sociological Review, 52, pp. 695-701; Garasky, S., Meyer, D.R., Reconsidering the Increase in Father-Only Families (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 385-398; Garfinkel, I., (1992) Assuring Child Support: An Extension of Social Security, , New York: Russell Sage; Garfinkel, I., McLanahan, S.S., Hanson, T.L., A Patchwork Portrait of Nonresident Fathers (1997) Conference on the Effects of Child Support Enforcement on Non-resident Fathers, , Paper presented, Princeton University, September, 1995 and revised February 1997; Gaylin, D.S., McLanahan, S.S., Garfinkel, I., Will Child Support Enforcement Reduce Nonmarital Childbearing? (1997) Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, , Paper presented, Washington, DC; Hall, L.D., Walker, A.J., Acock, A.C., Gender and Family Work in One-Parent Households (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 685-692; Hanson, T.L., Garfinkel, I., McLanahan, S.S., Miller, C.K., Trends in Child Support Outcomes (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 483-496; Harris, K.M., Morgan, S.P., Fathers, Sons and Daughters: Differential Paternal Involvement in Parenting (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 531-544; Haskey, J., Estimated Numbers of One-Parent Families and Their Prevalence in Great Britain in 1991 (1994) Population Trends, 78, pp. 5-19; Families and Households in Great Britain (1996) Population Trends, 85, pp. 7-24; Jensen, A.M., Fathers and Children: The Missing Link. Illustrated by the Norwegian Case (1994) Childhood, 4, pp. 188-195; Joshi, H., (1996) The Opportunity Costs of Childbearing: More Than Mothers' Business, , Presidential address to the European Society for Population Economics, Upsala, Sweden; King, V., Nonresident Father Involvement and Child Well-Being: Can Dads Make a Difference? (1994) Journal of Family Issues, 15, pp. 78-96; Variation in the Consequences of Nonresident Father Involvement for Children's Well-Being (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 963-972; Kraemer, S., (1995) Active Fathering for the Future, , The Seven Million Project, Working Paper 7, DEMOS, London; Lamb, M.E., The Changing Roles of Fathers (1986) The Father's Role: Applied Perspectives, pp. 3-27. , edited by M.E. Lamb. New York: John Wiley and Sons; Lesthaeghe, R., (1991) The Second Demographic Transition in Western Countries: An Interpretation, , IPD Working Paper 1991-2, Interuniversity Programme in Demography, Vrije University, Brussels; Marsiglio, W., Paternal Engagement Activities with Minor Children (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 973-986; Contemporary Scholarship on Fatherhood (1993) Journal of Family Issues, 14, pp. 484-509; McKee, L., O'Brien, M., (1982) The Father Figure, , London: Tavistock Publications; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; McLean, Eekelaar, J., (1997) The Parental Obligation: A Study of Parenthood Across Households, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Mott, F.L., When is a Father Really Gone? Paternal Child Contact in Father-Absent Homes (1990) Demography, 27, pp. 499-517; Sons, Daughters and Fathers' Absence: Differentials in Father-Leaving Probabilities and in Home Environments (1994) Journal of Family Issues, 15, pp. 97-128; O'Brien, M., Jones, D., The Absence and Presence of Fathers: Accounts from Children's Diaries (1996) Men's Family Relations, pp. 135-152. , edited by U. Bjornberg and A.K. Kollind. Goteborg: University of Goteborg Publications; (1997) Birth Statistics 1995, , (Series FM1: 17) London: HMSO; (1993) 1991 Census Report for Great Britain: Part 1, , London: HMSO; Pleck, J.H., American Fathering in Historical Perspective (1987) Changing Men: New Directions in Research on Men and Masculinity, pp. 83-97. , edited by M.S. Kimmel. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Rendall, M.R., Clarke, L., Peters, E.H., Ranjit, N., Verropoulou, G., Incomplete Reporting of Male Fertility in the United States and Britain (1997) Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, , Paper presented, Washington, DC; Rindfuss, R.R., VandenHeuval, A., Cohabitation: A Precursor to Marriage or an Alternative to Being Single? (1990) Population and Development Review, 16, pp. 703-726; Seltzer, J.A., Legal and Physical Custody Arrangements in Recent Divorce (1990) Social Science Quarterly, 71, pp. 250-266; Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart: The Father's Role after Separation (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 79-101; Seltzer, J.A., Bianchi, S.M., Children's Contact with Absent Parents (1988) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, pp. 663-677; Seltzer, J.A., Meyer, D.R., Child Support and Children's Well-Being (1996) Focus, 17 (3), pp. 31-36; Simpson, B., Access and Child Contact Centres in England and Wales: An Ethnographic Perspective (1994) Children and Society, 8 (1), pp. 42-54; Sweet, J.A., Bumpass, L.L., Call, V., (1988) The Design and Content of the National Survey of Families and Households, , NSFH Working Paper No. 1, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; (1996) Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1996 (116th Edition), , Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032063010&partnerID=40&md5=1859f6bd3bafd7785ecaac93dec9fc34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life T2 - Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 351 IS - 9108 SP - 1009 EP - 1014 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11082-0 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Manor, O. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Background: Inequalities in health are a major public-health concern. A greater understanding is needed on the relative importance of different causes. We investigated the contribution of risk factors identified at different life stages to inequalities in self-rated health. Methods: We used data from 5606 men and 5799 women in the 1958 British birth cohort followed-up to age 33 years, on health behaviour, education, adolescent health, family structure and social support, work characteristics, and material circumstances. We assessed the contribution of different factors to social-class differences in self-rated health by adjustment of odds ratios (classes IV and V vs I and II). Findings: Odds ratios of poor-rated health at age 33 were 3.15 for men and 2.30 for women, which decreased to 2.06 and 1.34, respectively, after adjustment for previously identified factors from birth to early adulthood. Adjustment for adult work characteristics, material circumstances, and health behaviour between ages 23 years and 33 years further decreased the odds ratios to 1.64 (men) and 1.11 (women). Most factors contributed to the reduction in odds ratios, socioemotional adjustment, class at birth, educational qualifications, and psychosocial job strain were especially important. Additional key factors for men were adult smoking and job insecurity, and for women, housing during childhood, adult income, and age at first child. Interpretation: There was no single cause of health inequality at age 33 years. Explanations spanned from early life to young adulthood. Policy implications include reduction of social differences in material circumstances and of differences in individual skills and resources acquired in early life. KW - adult KW - article KW - controlled study KW - female KW - health behavior KW - health status KW - housing KW - human KW - income KW - life KW - male KW - normal human KW - policy KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - self evaluation KW - smoking KW - social class KW - social support KW - United Kingdom KW - work PB - Lancet Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :201 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 9546506 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: vccaclp@cs6400.mcc.ac.uk N1 - References: Davey-Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black Report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 373-377; Benzeval, M., Judge, K., Whitehead, M., (1995) Tackling Inequalities in Health, , London: Kings Fund; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1992) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, 2nd Edn., , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Marmot, M., Bobak, M., Davey-Smith, G., Explanations for social inequalities in heath (1995) Society and Health, pp. 172-210. , In: Amick BA, Levine S, Tarlov AR, Chapman-Walsh D, eds. New York: Oxford University Press; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Inequalities in health in Britain: Specific explanations in three Lancashire towns (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, pp. 68-78. , In: Barker DJ. P., ed. London: BMJ; Marmot, M.G., Bosma, H., Hemingway, H., Brunner, E., Stansfeld, S., Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease incidence (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 235-239; Wilkinson, R.G., Health inequalities: Relative or absolute material standards? (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 591-595; MacIntyre, S., Social inequalities and health in the contemporary world: A comparative overview (1998) Human Biology and Social Inequality, , In: Strickland S, Shetty P, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 449-453; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , ed. London: National Children's Bureau; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Soc Sci Med, 45, pp. 761-771; Harrell, F.E., Lee, K.L., Califf, R.M., Pryor, D.B., Rosati, R.A., Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction (1984) Stat Med, 3, pp. 143-152; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) Am J Epidemiol, 117, pp. 292-304; Idler, E.L., Angel, R.L., Self rated health and mortality in the NHANES-1 epidemiologic follow up study (1990) Am J Public Health, 80, pp. 446-452; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessed health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 239-245; Moller, L., Kristensen, T.S., Hollnagel, H., Self rated health as a predictor of coronary heart disease in Copenhagen Denmark (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 423-428; Appels, A., Bosma, H., Grabauskas, A., Gostautas, A., Sturmans, F., Self rated health and mortality in a Lithuanian and Dutch population (1996) Soc Sci Med, 42, pp. 681-689; O'Donnell, O., Propper, C., Equity and the distribution of UK National Health Service resources (1991) J Health Econ, 10, pp. 1-19; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of Ill Health from Early to Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Bobak, M., Hertzman, C., Skodova, Z., Marmot, M., Association between job strain factors and non-fatal myocardial infarction in a population based case-control study in Czech men Epidemiol, , in press; Matthews, S., Hertzman, C., Ostry, A., Power, C., Gender, work roles and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health Soc Sci Med, , in press; Ferrie, J.E., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Stansfeld, S., Davey Smith, G., Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment: Longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 1264-1269; Goldblatt, P., (1990) Longitudinal Study: Mortality and Social Organisation 1971-1981, , ed. OPCS LS No 6 London: HM Stationery Office; McDonough, P., Duncan, G.J., Williams, D., House, J., Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989 (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1476-1483; Marmot, M.G., Davey Smith, G., Stansfeld, S., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; Hedges, B., Alcohol consumption (1996) Health Survey for England 1994, , In: Colhoun H, Prescott-Clarke P, eds. London: HM Stationery Office; Broadhead, W.E., Kaplan, B.H., James, B.H., The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health (1983) Am J Epidemiol, 117, pp. 521-537; Turner, R., Marino, F., Social support and social structure: A descriptive epidemiology of a central stress mediator (1994) J Health Soc Behav, 35, pp. 193-212; Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Further evidence from the Whitehall Study (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 265-270 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032481863&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2897%2911082-0&partnerID=40&md5=07af08e35d31da0cf233a197685b85ee ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in British 26 year olds: National longitudinal birth cohort T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 316 IS - 7137 SP - 1058 EP - 1059 PY - 1998 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Morris, D.L. AU - Thompson, N.P. AU - Subhani, J. AU - Pounder, R.E. AU - Wakefield, A.J. AD - University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - crohn disease KW - enteritis KW - gender KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - normal human KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - regression analysis KW - social class KW - ulcerative colitis KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Colitis, Ulcerative KW - Crohn Disease KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :40 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 9552907 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: smm@rfhsm.ac.uk N1 - References: Mayberry, J., Rhodes, J., Hughes, L.E., Incidence of Crohn's disease in Cardiff between 1934 and 1977 (1979) Gut, 20, pp. 602-608; Keighley, A., Miller, D.S., Hughes, A.O., Langman, M.J.S., The demographic and social characteristics of patients with Crohn's disease in the Nottingham area (1976) Scand J Gastroenterol, 2, pp. 293-296; Evans, J.G., Acheson, E.D., An epidemiological study of ulcerative colitis, and regional enteritis in the Oxford area (1965) Gut, 6, pp. 311-324; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1993) Au Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) 1993, , London; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, (Intercohort analysis working paper 1.); Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 472-473 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032481824&partnerID=40&md5=859345cba00f6006eec95bbe8e218855 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of parental divorce on mental health throughout the life course T2 - American Sociological Review J2 - Am. Sociol. Rev. VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 239 EP - 249 PY - 1998 SN - 00031224 (ISSN) AU - Cherlin, A.J. AU - Chase-Lansdale, P.L. AU - McRae, C. AD - Johns Hopkins University, United States AD - University of Chicago, United States AD - Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States AD - Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, United States AD - Northwestern/University of Chicago, Joint Poverty Center, United States AB - The long-term effects of parental divorce on individuals' mental health after the transition to adulthood are examined using data from a British birth cohort that has been followed from birth to age 33. Growth-curve models and fixed-effects models are estimated. The results suggest that part of the negative effect of parental divorce on adults is a result of factors that were present before the parents' marriages dissolved. The results also suggest, however, a negative effect of divorce and its aftermath on adult mental health. Moreover, a parental divorce during childhood or adolescence continues to have a negative effect when a person is in his or her twenties and early thirties. N1 - Cited By :264 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cherlin, A.J.; Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; email: cherlin@jhu.edu N1 - References: Allison, P.D., Using Panel Data to Estimate the Effects of Events (1994) Sociological Methods and Research, 23, pp. 174-199; Amato, P., Keith, B., Parental Divorce and the Well-Being of Children: A Meta-Analysis (1991) Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp. 26-46; Barnett, R.C., Marshall, N.L., Raudenbush, S.W., Brennan, R.T., Gender and the Relationship between Job Experiences and Psychological Distress: A Study of Dual-Earner Couples (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, pp. 794-806; Barnett, R.C., Raudenbush, S.W., Brennan, R.T., Pleck, J.H., Marshall, N.L., Change in Job and Marital Experiences and Change in Psychological Distress: A Longitudinal Study of Dual-Earner Couples (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, pp. 839-850; Block, J.H., Block, J., Gjerde, P.F., The Personality of Children Prior to Divorce: A Prospective Study (1986) Child Development, 57, pp. 827-840; Bryk, A.S., Raudenbush, S.W., (1992) Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Bryk, A.S., Raudenbush, S.W., Congdon Jr., R.T., (1994) HLM 2/3, , Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International; Bumpass, L.L., Martin, T.C., Sweet, J.A., The Impact of Family Background and Early Marital Factors on Marital Disruption (1991) Journal of Family Issues, 12, pp. 22-42; Burchinal, M., Appelbaum, M.I., Estimating Individual Development Functions: Methods and Their Assumptions (1991) Child Development, 62, pp. 23-43; Chase-Lansdale, Lindsay, P., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The Long-term Effects of Parental Divorce on the Mental Health of Young Adults: A Developmental Perspective (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Cherlin, A.J., Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, P., Kiernan, K.E., Robins, P.K., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., Longitudinal Studies of Effects of Divorce on Children in Great Britain and the United States (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389; Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, P., Parental Divorce in Childhood and Demographic Outcomes in Young Adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London, England: National Children's Bureau; Giles, D.E., Jarrett, R.B., Biggs, M.M., Guzick, D.S., Rush, A.J., Clinical Predictors of Recurrence in Depression (1989) American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, pp. 764-767; Glenn, N.D., Kramer, K.B., The Psychological Well-Being of Adult Children of Divorce (1985) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, pp. 905-912; De Guibert-Lantoine, C., Monnier, A., The Demographic Situation of Europe and the Developed Countries Overseas (1995) Population, 50, pp. 1185-1210; Harrington, R., Fudge, H., Rutter, M., Pickle, A., Hill, J., Adult Outcomes of Childhood and Adolescent Depression (1990) Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, pp. 465-473; Heckman, J., Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error (1979) Econometrica, 47, pp. 153-161; Hoffer, T.B., Cumulative Effects of Secondary School Tracking on Student Achievement (1994) Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, , Paper presented August 7, Los Angeles, CA; Karney, B.R., Bradbury, T.N., Assessing Longitudinal Change in Marriage: An Introduction to the Analysis of Growth Curves (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 1091-1108; Kerbow, D., School Mobility, Neighborhood Poverty, and Student Academic Growth: The Case of Math Achievement in the Chicago Public Schools (1992) Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, , Paper presented at April 22, San Francisco, CA; Kiernan, K.E., The British Family: Contemporary Trends and Issues (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9, pp. 298-316; Lauer, R.H., Lauer, J.C., The Long-term Relational Consequences of Problematic Family Backgrounds (1991) Family Relations, 40, pp. 286-290; Maddala, G.S., (1983) Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, , Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; McLanahan, S., Family Structure and the Reproduction of Poverty (1985) American Journal of Sociology, 90, pp. 873-901; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; McLeod, J.D., Shanahan, M.J., Trajectories of Poverty and Children's Mental Health (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 207-220; Monnier, A., The Demographic Situation of Europe and the Developed Countries Overseas: An Annual Report (1990) Population (English Selection), 2, pp. 231-242; Ragosa, D., Brandt, D., Zimowski, M., A Growth Curve Approach to the Measurement of Change (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 92, pp. 716-748; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health, and Behaviour, , London, England: Longman; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London, England: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Thornton, A., Influence of the Marital History of Parents on the Marital and Cohabitational Experiences of the Children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 868-894; Willett, J.B., Ayoub, C.C., Robinson, D., Using Growth Modeling to Examine Systematic Differences in Growth: An Example of Change in the Functioning of Families at Risk of Maladaptive Parenting, Child Abuse, or Neglect (1991) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, pp. 38-47; Wu, L., Cherlin, A.J., Bumpass, L.L., (1996) Family Structure, Early Sexual Behavior, and Premarital Births, , Working Paper 96-25, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0000996447&partnerID=40&md5=c7ff38b9dc6a9abb88879f434d326be5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Am. J. Psychiatry VL - 155 IS - 3 SP - 355 EP - 364 PY - 1998 SN - 0002953X (ISSN) AU - Jones, P.B. AU - Rantakallio, P. AU - Hartikainen, A.-L. AU - Isohanni, M. AU - Sipila, P. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom AB - Objective: The 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort was studied to determine whether abnormalities during pregnancy, delivery, and the neonatal period are associated with adult-onset schizophrenia. Method: The authors included all 11,017 subjects alive in Finland at age 16. For each individual, standardized assessments made during pregnancy, delivery, and infancy were linked to national psychiatric case registers covering the period up to age 28. Subjects with DSM-III-R schizophrenia were identified by using a two-stage screen that included perusal of individual case records. Associations (adjusted odds ratios) between schizophrenia and specific pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal characteristics were calculated. Results: Within this cohort, 76 cases of DSM-III-R schizophrenia arose by age 28 years; 51 (67.1%) of these persons were men. Demographic characteristics and previous obstetric histories of the mothers were similar in the case and unaffected comparison groups, although the former were more likely to have been more depressed than usual during pregnancy. Low birth weight (<2500 g) and the combination of low birth weight and short gestation (<37 weeks) were more common among the schizophrenic subjects. Being small for gestational age (<10th percentile) was not more common. Of 125 survivors of severe perinatal brain damage, six (4.8%) later developed schizophrenia. Conclusions: The spectrum of adverse outcomes after fetal and perinatal insults unfolded beyond childhood and included adult-onset schizophrenia. The findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of schizophrenia and, possibly, for its prevention. KW - adult KW - article KW - asphyxia KW - birth injury KW - brain hemorrhage KW - brain injury KW - cigarette smoking KW - convulsion KW - demography KW - disease association KW - female KW - fetus hypoxia KW - gestational age KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn disease KW - pregnancy complication KW - prematurity KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age of Onset KW - Birth Injuries KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Gestational Age KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Obstetric Labor Complications KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Prevalence KW - Puerperal Disorders KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :343 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPSA C2 - 9501745 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jones, P.B.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom; email: p.jones@nott.ac.uk N1 - References: McCurry, C., Silverton, L., Mednick, S.A., Psychiatric consequences of pregnancy and birth complications (1991) Neuropsychology of Perinatal Complications, pp. 186-203. , Edited by Gray JW, Dean RS. New York, Springer; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric events in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Antecedents of cerebral palsy: Multivariate analysis of risk (1986) N Engl J Med, 315, pp. 81-86; Jones, P.B., Rodgers, B., Murray, R.M., Marmot, M.G., Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; O'Callaghan, E., Sham, P.C., Takei, N., Glover, G., Murray, R.M., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the 1957 A2 influenza epidemic (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1248-1250; Susser, E., Neugebauer, R., Hoek, H.W., Brown, A.S., Lin, S., Labovitz, D., German, J.M., Schizophrenia after prenatal famine (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 25-31; Kendell, R.E., Juszcak, E., Cole, S.K., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case control study based on standardised obstetric records (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 168, pp. 556-561; Rantakallio, P., Von Wendt, L., A prospective comparative study of the etiology of cerebral palsy and epilepsy in a one-year birth cohort from Northern Finland (1986) Acta Paediatr Scand, 75, pp. 586-592; Pasamanick, B., Rogers, M.E., Lilienfield, A.M., Pregnancy experience and the development of behavior disorder in children (1956) Am J Psychiatry, 112, pp. 613-618; Goodman, R., Are complications of pregnancy and delivery causes of schizophrenia? (1988) Dev Med Child Neurol, 30, pp. 391-406; Rantakallio, P., Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality (1969) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 193, pp. 1-71; Rantakallio, P., Von Wendt, L., Risk factors for mental retardation (1985) Arch Dis Child, 60, pp. 946-952; Isohanni, M., Mäkikyrö, T., Moring, J., Rasanen, P., Hakko, H., Partanen, U., Koiranen, M., Jones, P.B., A comparison of clinical and research DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia in a Finnish national birth cohort (1997) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 32, pp. 303-308; McGuffin, P., Farmer, A.E., Harvey, I., A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in psychotic illness: Development and reliability of the OPCRIT system (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48, pp. 764-770; Tienari, P., Wynne, L.C., Moring, J., Wahlberg, K., Sorri, A., Naarala, M., Lahti, I., Genetic vulnerability or family environment? implications from the Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia (1993) Psychiatr Fenn, 24, pp. 23-41; Hartikainen, A.-L., (1973) A Study of Parturient Mothers in Northern Finland. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis Series D, Medical Number 4: Obstetrics et Gynaecological Number 1, 1973, , Oulu, Finland, University of Oulu; Rantakallio, P., Von Wendt, L., Koivu, M., Prognosis of perinatal brain damage: A prospective study of a one year birth cohort of 12,000 children (1987) Early Hum Dev, 15, pp. 75-84; Lewis, S.W., Owen, M.J., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: Methodology and mechanisms (1989) Schizophrenia - A Scientific Focus, pp. 56-68. , Edited by Schulz SC, Tamminga CA. New York, Oxford University Press; Rantakallio, P., Social background of mothers who smoke during pregnancy and the influence of these factors on the offspring (1979) Soc Sci Med, 13 A, pp. 423-429; Lehtinen, V., Veijola, J., Lindholm, T., Väisänen, E., Moring, J., Puukka, P., (1993) Mielenterveyden Pysyvyys Ja Muutokset Suomalaisilla Aikuisilla (Stability and Changes of Mental Health in the Finnish Adult Population), , Turku, Kansaneläkelaitoksen julkaisuja AL2; Geddes, J.R., Kendell, R.E., Schizophrenic subjects with no history of admission to hospital (1995) Psychol Med, 25, pp. 859-868; Mäkikyrö, T., Isohanni, M., Moring, J., Oja, H., Hakko, H., Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Is a child's risk of early onset schizophrenia increased in the highest social class? (1997) Schizophr Res, 23, pp. 245-252; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective psychosis: Obstetric complications (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Rifkin, L., Lewis, S.W., Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M., Low birth weight and schizophrenia (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 165, pp. 357-362; Susser, E.S., Lin, S.P., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the Dutch hunger winter of 1944-1945 (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 983-988; Hollister, J.M., Laing, P., Mednick, S.A., Rhesus incompatibility as a risk factor for schizophrenia in male adults (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 19-24; Sham, P., Jones, P.B., Russell, A., Gilvarry, K., Bebbington, P., Lewis, S.W., Toone, B., Murray, R.M., Age at onset, sex, familial psychiatric morbidity in schizophrenia: Report from the Camberwell Collaborative Psychosis Study (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 165, pp. 466-473; Davis, J.O., Bracha, H.S., Prenatal growth markers in schizophrenia: A monozygotic co-twin control study (1996) Am J Psychiatry, 153, pp. 1166-1172; Bracha, H.S., Lange, B., Gill, P.S., Gilger, J.W., Torrey, H.F., Gottesman, I.I., McCray, D.S., Subclinical microcrania, subclinical macrocrania, and fifth-month fetal markers (of growth retardation or edema) in schizophrenia: A co-twin control study of discordant monozygotic twins (1995) Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioural Neurology, 8, pp. 44-52; Stanley, F.J., Watson, L., Trends in perinatal morrality and cerebral palsy in Western Australia, 1967 to 1985 (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 1658-1663; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , London, BMJ Publishing Group; Susser, M., Hauser, W.A., Keity, J.L., Paneth, N., Stein, Z., Quantitative estimates of prenatal and perinatal risk factors for perinatal mortality, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy (1985) Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated with Brain Disorder: NIH Publication, 85-1149, pp. 359-432. , Edited by Freeman JM. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office; Rorke, L.B., Perinatal brain damage (1992) Greenfieid's Neuropathology, 5th Ed., pp. 639-708. , Edited by Adams JH, Duchen LW. New York, Oxford University Press; Ben Ari, Y., Effects of anoxia and aglycaemia on the adult and immature hippocampus (1992) Biol Neonate, 62, pp. 225-230; Grether, J.K., Nelson, K.B., Maternal infection and cerebral palsy in infants of normal weight (1997) JAMA, 278, pp. 207-211; Eschenbach, D.A., Amniotic fluid infection and cerebral palsy (1997) JAMA, 278, pp. 247-248; Rantakallio, P., Jones, P.B., Moring, J., Von Wendt, L., Association between central nervous system infections during childhood and adult onset schizophrenia and other psychoses: A 28 year follow- Up (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 837-843; Wyatt, R.J., Neurodevelopmental abnormalities and schizophrenia: A family affair (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 11-14; Myhrman, A., Rantakallio, P., Isohanni, M., Jones, P.B., Partanen, U., Does unwantedness of a pregnancy predict schizophrenia? (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 169, pp. 637-640; Jones, P.B., Done, D.J., From birth to onset: A developmental perspective of schizophrenia in two national birth cohorts (1997) Neurodevelopment and Adult Psychopathology, pp. 119-136. , Edited by Keshavan MS, Murray RM. Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press; Van Os, J.J., Jones, P.B., Lewis, G.H., Murray, R.M., Evidence for similar developmental precursors of chronic affective illness and schizophrenia in a general population birth cohort (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, pp. 625-631; Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M., The genetics of schizophrenia is the genetics of neurodevelopment (1991) Br J Psychiatry, 158, pp. 615-623 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031894503&partnerID=40&md5=b8da716ba5616651e6bb2818e4445b1e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weight in young British men T2 - European Journal of Public Health J2 - Eur. J. Public Health VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 27 PY - 1998 SN - 11011262 (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Cook, D.G. AU - Bartley, M.J. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Univ. College London Medical School, United Kingdom AD - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Univ. College London Medical School, United Kingdom AD - University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom AB - The relationship of unemployment experienced between the ages of 16 and 33 years with smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity was examined in 2,887 men who were members of the 1958 longitudinal British birth cohort study (NCDS). Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, measured as units consumed in the past week and as problem drinking using the CAGE questionnaire and the body mass index (BMI) were measured at age 33 years. Both the amount of unemployment accumulated between the ages of 16 and 33 years and recent unemployment experienced in the year prior to interview at age 33 years were examined. When compared with men who had never been unemployed, the adjusted relative odds amongst men with over three years of accumulated unemployment (after adjustment for possible confounding socioeconomic and behavioural factors measured prior to unemployment) were 2.11 (95% CI: 1.42-3.12) for smoking, 2.13 (95% CI: 1.32-3.42) for a low BMI and non-significant for a high BMI; 1.52 (95% CI: 1.04-2.24) for no alcohol consumed; non-significant for high alcohol consumption, but 2.15 (95% CI: 1.39-3.33) for problem drinking. Men who had experienced unemployment in the year prior to the interview, compared to those who had not, after adjustment, were significantly more likely to smoke (RO 2.92, 95% CI: 2.13-4.01), drink heavily (RO 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18-2.54) and to have a drink problem (RO 2.90, 95% CI: 1.99-4.21). Unemployment may play a significant part in establishing life-long patterns of hazardous behaviour in young men. KW - Alcohol KW - Body mass index KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Unemployment KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - alcohol consumption KW - alcoholism KW - article KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - cigarette smoking KW - drinking behavior KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - unemployment KW - united kingdom N1 - Cited By :90 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJPHF LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hosp. School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Cook, D.G., Cummins, R.O., Bartley, M.J., Shaper, A.G., Health of unemployed middle aged men in Great Britain (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 1290-1294; Daniel, W.W., Stilgoe, E., Where are they now? A follow up study of the unemployed (1979) Political Econ Plan; Moylan, S., Davies, R., The disadvantages of the unemployed (1980) Employment Gazette, 88, pp. 830-832; Moylan, S., Millar, J., Davies, R., (1984) For Richer, for Poorer: DHSS Cohort Study of Unemployed Men, , London: HMSO; Moser, K.A., Fox, A.J., Jones, D.R., Unemployment and mortality in the OPCS longitudinal study (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1324-1328; Moser, K.A., Goldblatt, P.O., Fox, A.J., Jones, D.R., Unemployment and mortality: Comparison of the 1971 and 1981 longitudinal study samples (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 86-90; Morris, J.K., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Loss of employment and mortality (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1135-1139; Cook, D.G., A critical view of the unemployment and health debate (1985) Statistician, 34, pp. 73-82; Wagstaff, A., Unemployment and health: Some pitfalls for the unwary (1986) Hlth Trends, 18, pp. 79-81; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1986) Class and Health, pp. 50-74. , Wilkinson RG, editor. Cambridge: Tavistock; Robinson, N., Yateman, N.A., Protopapa, L.E., Bush, L., Unemployment and diabetes (1989) Diabetic Med, 6, pp. 797-803; Clausen, B., Bjorndal, A., Hjort, P.F., Health and re-employment in a two year follow-up of long term unemployed (1993) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 47, pp. 14-18; Smith, R., (1987) Unemployment and Health: A Disaster and a Challenge, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Jahoda, M., The impact of unemployment in the 1930s and the 1970s (1979) Bull Br Psychol Soc, 32, pp. 309-314; Warr, P.B., Job loss, unemployment and psychological well-being (1984) Role Transitions, , Allen V, Van de Vliert E, editors. New York: Plenum Press; Warr, P.B., (1987) Work, Unemployment and Mental Health, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Isakson, K., Unemployment and mental health and the psychological function of work in male welfare clients in Stockholm (1989) Scand J Soc Med, 17, pp. 165-169; Banks, M.H., Jackson, P.R., Unemployment and the risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence (1982) Psychol Med, 12, pp. 189-198; White, M., (1991) Against Unemployment, , London: Policy Studies Institute; Whelan, C.T., The role of income, life-style deprivation and financial strain in mediating the impact of unemployment on psychological distress: Evidence from the Republic of Ireland (1992) J Occupat Organizat Psychol, 65, pp. 331-334; Morris, J.K., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Non-employment and changes in smoking, drinking and body weight (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 536-541; Bartley, M.J., Unemployment and ill health: Understanding the relationship (1994) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 48, pp. 333-337; Hammarström, A., Janlert, U., Theorell, T., Youth unemployment and ill health: Results from a 2-year follow-up study (1988) Soc Sci Med, 26, pp. 1025-1033; Montgomery, S.M., The Relationship of Unemployment with Health and Health Behaviour in Young Men (Dissertation), , The City University, London; Lahelma, E., Kangas, R., Manderbacka, K., Drinking and unemployment: Contrasting patterns among men and women (1995) Drug Alcohol Depend, 37, pp. 71-82; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London: NCDS Working Paper No 1, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33, , London: National Children's Bureau; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.G., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain (1996) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 50, pp. 415-422; Liskow, B., Campbell, J., Nickel, E.J., Powel, B.J., Validity of the CAGE questionnaire in screening for alcohol dependence in a walk-in (triage) clinic (1995) J Studies Alcohol, 36 (3), pp. 277-281; (1970) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; (1980) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; Norusis, M., (1990) SPSS User's Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Plewis, I., (1985) Analysing Change, , London: Wiley; Hammarstrom, A., Health consequences of unemployment (1994) Public Hlth, 108, pp. 403-412; Bennet, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Boiling, K., (1995) The Health Survey for England 1993, , London: HMSO; Lee, P., Townsend, P., A study of inequality, low incomes and unemployment in London, 1985-92 (1994) Int Labour Rev, 133, pp. 579-595; Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J., A short history of labour turnover, job tenure and job security, 1975-93 (1995) Oxford Rev Econ Policy, 11 (1), pp. 73-90; Ferrie, J.E., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Stansfeld, S., Davey Smith, G., Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment: Longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 1264-1269; Corti, L., For better or worse? Annual change in smoking, self-assessed health and subjective well-being (1994) Changing Households, , Buck N, Gershuny J, Rose D, Scott J, editors. Manchester: ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change; Ross, C.E., Mirowsky, J., Does employment affect health? (1995) J Hlth Soc Behav, 36, pp. 230-243; Tiggeman, M., Winefield, A.H., The effects of unemployment on mood, self-esteem, locus of control and depressive effect on school leavers (1984) J Occupat Psychol, 57, pp. 33-42 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031953964&partnerID=40&md5=f83e8e47fccc98e4a5871e7c4f7469ec ER - TY - JOUR TI - An investigation into regional differences in educational performance in the National Child Development Study T2 - Educational Research J2 - Educ. Res. VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 26 PY - 1998 SN - 00131881 (ISSN) AU - McNiece, R. AU - Jolliffe, F. AD - Sch. of Comp. and Math. Sciences, University of Greenwich, Woolwich Campus, Wellington Street, Woolwich, London SE18 6PF, United Kingdom AB - The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is used to investigate factors which affect children's educational performance over time. Multilevel modelling techniques are used on a subset of the NCDS to investigate variation in educational performance in 11 regions in the UK, and in local education authorities within these regions. Social characteristics of the NCDS members are also analysed. Differences between regions and education authorities are found to be negligible, the main source of variation in achievement being due to differences in social background. KW - Educational performance KW - Ethnicity KW - Gender KW - Multilevel modelling KW - NCDS KW - Repeated measures KW - Social class N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McNiece, R.; Sch. of Comp. and Math. Sciences, University of Greenwich, Woolwich Campus, Wellington Street, Woolwich, London SE18 6PF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Aitken, M., Longford, N., Statistical modelling issues in school effectiveness studies (1986) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 149, pp. 1-43; Blatchford, P., Burke, J., Farquhar, C., Plewis, I., Tizard, B., Educational achievement in the infant school: The influence of ethnic origin, gender and home on entry skills (1985) Educational Research, 27 (1), pp. 52-60; Brandsma, H.P., Knuver, J.W.M., Effects of school and classroom characteristics on pupil progress in language and arithmetic (1989) International Journal of Educational Research, 13 (7), pp. 777-788; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London: Longman in association with National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K.R., Goldstein, H., Social factors associated with changes in educational attainment between 7 and 11 years of age (1976) Educational Studies, 2 (2), pp. 95-109; Goldstein, H., Some models for analysing longitudinal data on educational attainment (1979) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 142 (4), pp. 407-442; Goldstein, H., (1987) Multilevel Models in Educational and Social Research, , London: Griffin; Goldstein, H., Multilevel modelling of survey data (1991) Statistician, 40, pp. 235-244; Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., (1995) Multivariate Data Analysis, , London: Prentice-Hall; Heath, A.F., Clifford, P., Class inequalities in education in the twentieth century (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 153 (1), pp. 1-16; Kalton, G., (1983) Compensating for Missing Survey Data, , Lansing, Mich.: Survey Research Centre, Institute for Social Research; Kerckhoff, A., Effects of ability grouping in British secondary schools (1986) American Sociology Review, 51, pp. 842-858; Mortimore, J., Blackstone, T., (1982) Disadvantage and Education, , London: Heineman Educational Books; (1991) National Child Development Study Composite File, Including Sweeps One to Four, , Colchester: ESRC Data Archive; Paterson, L., Socio-economic status and educational attainment: A multidimensional and multi-level study (1991) Evaluation and Research in Education, 5 (3), pp. 97-121; Plewis, I., (1985) Analysing Change: Measurement and Explanation Using Longitudinal Data, , Chichester: Wiley; Plewis, I., Reading progress (1993) A Guide to ML3 for New Users, pp. 98-124. , WOODHOUSE, G. (Ed) London: Institute of Education, University of London; Prosser, R., Rasbash, J., Goldstein, H., (1991) Ml3 Software for Three Level Analysis: User's Guide for Vol. 2, 2. , London: Institute of Education, University of London; Sammons, P., Nuttall, D., Cuttance, P., Thomas, S., (1993) Continuity of School Effects: A Longitudinal Analysis of Primary and Secondary School Effects on Gcse Performance, , London: Department of Curriculum Studies, Institute of Education; Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , Working Paper No. 1, NCDS user support group UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0039982330&partnerID=40&md5=75e8c0b615c7d66366533cfb819c68ee ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring outcomes for children: Early parenting experiences, conflict, maladjustment, and depression in adulthood T2 - Children and Youth Services Review J2 - Child. Youth Serv. Rev. VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 251 EP - 278 PY - 1998 SN - 01907409 (ISSN) AU - Buchanan, A. AU - Ten Brinke, J. AD - Department of Applied Social Studies, University of Oxford, Barnett House, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - Based on longitudinal data from the United Kingdom's National Child Development Study, the current study explores the relationships between different types of family difficulties and conflict, parenting experiences, maladjustment at 16, and the risk of depression in adult life. This study found significant associations between several measures of early family difficulties and conflict and a later risk of depression in adult life. However, the best indicator that family difficulties and conflict were impinging on a particular child, with potentially long term psychological impacts, was the Rutter 'A' Health and Behaviour score at age 16. This study concludes that such measures could be more readily used in social work to monitor intervention and assess outcomes. N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CYSRD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Buchanan, A.; Department of Applied Social Studies, University of Oxford, Barnett House, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: ann.buchanan@socres.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Altemeier, W.A., O'Connor, S., Vietze, P., Sandler, H., Sherrod, K., Antecedents of child abuse (1982) Journal of Pediatrics, 100, pp. 823-829; Amato, P.R., Family processes. One-parent, stepparent, and intact families: The child's point of view (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 327-337; Bandura, (1969) Principles of Behavior Modification, , New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Browne, K., Saqi, S., Parent-child interaction in child abusing families (1988) Child Abuse: An Educational Perspective, , P. Maher (Ed.), Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Buchanan, A., (1996) Cycles of Child Maltreatment: Facts, Fallacies and Interventions, , John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Buchanan, A., Barlow, J., Croucher, M., Hendron, J., Seal, H., Smith, T., (1995) Seen and Heard. The Views of Families in Contact with Social Services, , London: Barnardo's; Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., (1997) What Happened When They Were Grown Up: Outcomes from Early Parenting Experiences, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Buchanan, A., Wheal, A., Barlow, J., (1995) How to Stay Out of Trouble. Views of Reoffenders, , London: Barnardo's; Buchanan, A., Wheal, A., Walder, D., Macdonald, S., Coke, R., (1993) Answering Back: Report by Young People Being Looked after on The Children Act 1989, , UK: CEDR, University of Southampton; Canary, D.J., Cupach, W.R., Messman, S.J., (1995) Relationships Conflict: Conflict in Parent-child, Friendship, and Romantic Relationships, , Thousands Oaks: Sage Publications; Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38 (1); (1993) National Child Development Study, 1958, , Colchester: ESRC Data Archive; Cockett, M., Tripp, J., (1994) The Exeter Family Study, , Exeter: University of Exeter Press; Crittenden, P., Ainsworth, M., Child maltreatment and attachment theory (1989) Child Maltreatment, pp. 432-463. , C. Cicchetti & V. C. (Eds.) (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Davies, P., Myers, R., Cummings, R., Responses of children and adolescents to marital conflict scenarios as a function of the emotionality of conflict endings (1996) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 42 (1), pp. 1-21; Dunn, J., Slomkowski, C., Donelan, N., Herrera, C., Conflict, understanding and relationships. Developments and differences in the pre-school years (1995) Early Education and Development, 6 (4), pp. 303-316; Emery, R.E., Intraparental conflict and the child of discord and divorce (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 92, pp. 310-330; Essen, J., Wedge, P., (1982) Continuities in Childhood Disadvantage SSRC/DHSS Studies in Deprivation and Disadvantage, , London: Heinemann; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33, , London: National Children's Bureau; Feshbach, N., The construct of empathy and the phenomenon of physical maltreatment of children (1989) Determinants and Origins of Aggressive Behaviour, , J. d. Wit & W. Hartup (Eds.), Paris: Mouton; Fombonne, E., Depressive disorders: Time trends and possible explanatory mechanisms (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People, , M. Rutter & D. Smith (Eds.), New York: John Wiley & Sons; Gelles, R.J., Straus, M.A., Determinants of violence in the family: Towards a theoretical integration (1979) Contemporary Theories about the Family, , W. Burr, R. Hill, F. Nye, & I. Reiss (Eds.), New York: Free Press; Hertzberger, S., Social cognition and the transmission of abuse (1983) The Dark Side of Families, , D. Finkelhor, R. J. Gelles, G. Hotaling, & M. Straus (Eds.), Newbury Park: Sage; Hooper, C.A., Do families need fathers? the impact of divorce on children (1995) Children Living with Domestic Violence, , A. Mullender & R. Morley (Eds.), London: Whiting & Birch; Jaffe, P., Wolfe, D., Wilson, S., (1990) Children of Battered Women, 21. , Newbury Park: Sage Publications; Kaufman, J., Zigler, E., The intergenerational transmission of abuse is overstated (1993) Current Controversies on Family Violence, , R. J. Gelles & D. R. Loseke (Eds.), Newbury Park: Sage Publications; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-234; Knapp, M., Economic evaluations and interventions for children and adolescents with mental health problems (1997) Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 38 (1), pp. 3-26; Kolvin, I., Miller, F.J., Scott, D.M., Gatzanis, S.R., Fleeting, M., (1990) Continuities of Deprivation? The Newcastle 1000 Family Study, , Aldershot: Avebury; Laursen, B., Hartup, W., Willard, W., Koplas, A., Towards understanding peer conflict (1996) Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 42 (1), pp. 76-102; Locke, H.J., Wallace, K.M., Short marital-adjustment and prediction tests: Their reliability and validity (1959) Marriage and Family Living, 21, pp. 251-255; Maccoby, E.E., Peer conflict and intrafamilial conflict: Are there conceptual bridges (1996) Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 42 (1), pp. 165-176; Noller, P., Feeney, J., Peterson, C., Sheehan, G., Learning conflict patterns in the family. Links between marital, parental, and sibling relationships (1995) Parents, Children and Communications: Frontiers of Theory and Research, , T. E. Socha, H. Glen, & Stampe (Eds.), New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; O'Leary, D., Through a psychological lens. Personality traits, personality disorders and levels of violence (1993) Current Controversies on Family Violence, p. 390. , R. Gelles & D. Loseke (Eds.), New Park: Sage Publications; Osborne, L.N., Fincham, F.D., Marital conflict, parent-child relationships, and child adjustment: Does gender matter? (1996) Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 42 (1), pp. 48-75. , 1996; Pianta, R., Egeland, B., Erikson, M., The antecedent of maltreatment: Results of mother-child interaction research project (1989) Child Maltreatment, , D. Cicchetti & V. Carlson (Eds.), Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press; Pound, A., Puckering, C., Cox, T., Mills, M., The impact of maternal depression on young children (1988) British Journal of Psychotherapy, 4 (3), pp. 240-252; Quinton, D., Rutter, M., Liddle, C., Institutional rearing, parenting difficulties and marital support (1984) Psychological Medicine, 14, pp. 107-124; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; Rutter, M., Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantages (1979) Primary Prevention of Psychopathology, pp. 49-74. , M. W. Kent & J. E. Rolf (Eds.), Hanover, NH: University Press of New England; Rutter, M., Smith, D.J., (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and their Causes, , Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman Group, Limited; Seligman, M., (1975) Helplessness. On Depression, Development and Death, , San Francisco: Freeman; Shepherd, P., Appendix I: Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33, pp. 184-188. , E. Ferri (Ed.), London: National Children's Bureau; Smith, T., (1996) Family Centres, , London: HMSO; Sweeting, H., West, P., Family life and health in adolescence: A role for culture in the health inequalities debate? (1995) Social Science & Medicine, 40 (2), pp. 163-175; Thorpe, K., Golding, J., MacGillivray, I., Greenwood, J., Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons (1991) British Medical Journal, 302 (APRIL 13), pp. 875-878; Trickett, P.K., Susman, E.J., Perceived similarities and disagreements about childbearing practice in abusive and nonabusive families (1989) Child Maltreatment, , D. Cicchetti & V. Carlson (Eds.), Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge Press; Utting, D., (1995) Family and Parenthood. Supporting Families, Preventing Breakdown, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032017712&partnerID=40&md5=37656ccec40a77c9aa23587667a52d17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of pneumonia and whooping cough in childhood on adult lung function T2 - New England Journal of Medicine J2 - New Engl. J. Med. VL - 338 IS - 9 SP - 581 EP - 587 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1056/NEJM199802263380904 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) AU - Johnston, I.D.A. AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Anderson, H.R. AD - Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom AB - Background. Previous studies have suggested that respiratory infection during childhood is associated with respiratory disease in adulthood, but the link is unclear because of retrospective ascertainment of childhood infection, selection bias, and confounding factors. Methods. We studied the effects of childhood pneumonia and whooping cough in 1392 British adults followed from their births in 1958. Of these, 193 had a history of pneumonia and 215 a history of whooping cough by the age of seven years. When the subjects were 34 or 35 years old, their forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured before and after they inhaled albuterol. Results. A history of pneumonia was associated with deficits (±95 percent confidence limits) in both FEV1 (102±73 ml, P = 0.006) and FVC (173±70 ml, P = 0.001) when the analysis was adjusted for sex, height, and smoking, with no change in the ratio of FEV1 to FVC. These deficits persisted after inhalation of albuterol. In subjects with no history of wheezing, the deficit in FEV1 was 155±122 ml (P = 0.01), in those with past wheezing it was 41±128 ml (P = 0.53), and in those with current wheezing it was 119±133 ml (P = 0.08). The effect was no greater for the subjects who had pneumonia at less than two years of age than for those who had it between the ages of two and seven years and was not diminished after control for multiple confounding factors. The deficits associated with whooping cough were smaller (FEV1, 41±70 ml; P = 0.25; FVC, 81±76 ml; P = 0.04). Conclusions. Childhood pneumonia is associated with reduced ventilatory function in adults. This reduction is independent of a history of wheezing and is not explained by other confounding factors. KW - salbutamol KW - adult KW - article KW - cigarette smoking KW - clinical feature KW - disease association KW - forced expiratory volume KW - human KW - infection risk KW - lung function KW - major clinical study KW - pertussis KW - pneumonia KW - priority journal KW - respiratory function KW - respiratory tract infection KW - retrospective study KW - wheezing KW - Adult KW - Albuterol KW - Asthma KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Lung Diseases KW - Male KW - Pneumonia KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Spirometry KW - Vital Capacity KW - Whooping Cough N1 - Cited By :115 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NEJMA C2 - 9475765 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Johnston, I.D.A.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Albuterol, 18559-94-9 N1 - References: Samet, J.M., Tager, I.B., Speizer, F.E., The relationship between respiratory illness in childhood and chronic air-flow obstruction in adulthood (1983) Am Rev Respir Dis, 127, pp. 508-523; Strachan, D.P., Do chesty children become chesty adults? (1990) Arch Dis Child, 65, pp. 161-162; Britton, J.R., Martinez, F., The relationship of childhood respiratory infection to growth and decline in lung function (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154, pp. S240-S245; Britten, N., Davies, J.M.C., Colley, J.R.T., Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 1317-1320; Barker, D.J.P., Godfrey, K.M., Fall, C., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Shaheen, S.O., Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 671-675; Shaheen, S.O., Barker, D.J.P., Shiell, A.W., Crocker, F.J., Wield, G.A., Holgate, S.T., The relationship between pneumonia in early childhood and impaired lung function in late adult life (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149, pp. 616-619; Strachan, D.P., Griffiths, J.M., Johnston, I.D.A., Anderson, H.R., Ventilatory function in British adults after asthma or wheezing illness at ages 0-35 (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154, pp. 1629-1635; Strachan, D.P., Butland, B.K., Anderson, H.R., Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1195-1199; Standardization of spirometry - 1987 update: Statement of the American Thoracic Society (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis, 136, pp. 1285-1298; The GLM procedure (1988) SAS/STAT User's Guide. Release 6.03. 4th Ed., pp. 549-640. , Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute; Henry, R.L., Milner, A.D., Stokes, G.M., Hodges, I.G.C., Groggins, R.C., Lung function after acute bronchiolitis (1983) Arch Dis Child, 58, pp. 60-63; Mok, J.Y.Q., Simpson, H., Outcome of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants: Preliminary report of seven-year follow-up study (1982) BMJ, 285, pp. 333-337; Pullan, C.R., Hey, E.N., Wheezing, asthma, and pulmonary dysfunction 10 years after infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infancy (1982) BMJ, 284, pp. 1665-1669; Mok, J.Y.Q., Waugh, P.R., Simpson, H., Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: A follow-up study of 50 children with respiratory illness (1979) Arch Dis Child, 54, pp. 506-511; Burrows, B., Knudson, R.J., Lebowitz, M.D., The relationship of childhood respiratory illness to adult obstructive airway disease (1977) Am Rev Respir Dis, 115, pp. 751-760; Paoletti, P., Prediletto, R., Carrozzi, L., Effects of childhood and adolescence-adulthood respiratory infections in a general population (1989) Eur Respir J, 2, pp. 428-436; Mann, S.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Colley, J.R.T., Accumulation of factors influencing respiratory illness in members of a national birth cohort and their offspring (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 286-292; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Parental smoking and respiratory illness in infancy (1980) Arch Dis Child, 55, pp. 358-361; Hasselblad, V., Humble, C.G., Graham, M.G., Anderson, H.S., Indoor environmental determinants of lung function in children (1981) Am Rev Respir Dis, 123, pp. 479-485; Tager, I.B., Weiss, S.T., Muñoz, A., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.E., Longitudinal study of the effects of maternal smoking on pulmonary function in children (1983) N Engl J Med, 309, pp. 699-703; Chen, Y., Li, W., Yu, S., Influence of passive smoking on admissions for respiratory illness in early childhood (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 303-306; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and lower respiratory tract illness in early life (1987) Arch Dis Child, 62, pp. 786-791; Somerville, S.M., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Passive smoking and respiratory conditions in primary school children (1988) J Epidemiol Community Health, 42, pp. 105-110; Leeder, S.R., Corkhill, R., Irwig, L.M., Holland, W.W., Colley, J.R.T., Influence of family factors on the incidence of lower respiratory illness during the first year of life (1976) Br J Prev Soc Med, 30, pp. 203-212; Chan, K.N., Noble-Jamieson, C.M., Elliman, A., Bryan, E.M., Silverman, M., Lung function in children of low birth weight (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1284-1293; Chan, K.N., Elliman, A., Bryan, E., Silverman, M., Respiratory symptoms in children of low birth weight (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1294-1304; Rona, R.J., Gulliford, M.C., Chinn, S., Effects of prematurity and intrauterine growth on respiratory health and lung function in childhood (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 817-820; Melia, R.J.W., Florey, C.V., Chinn, S., The relation between respiratory illness in primary schoolchildren and the use of gas for cooking. I. Results from a national survey (1979) Int J Epidemiol, 8, pp. 333-338; Jarvis, D., Chinn, S., Luczynska, C., Burney, P., Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function in young adults with use of domestic gas appliances (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 426-431; Watkins, C.J., Burton, P., Leeder, S., Sittampalam, Y., Wever, A.M.J., Wiggins, R., Doctor diagnosis and maternal recall of lower respiratory illness (1982) Int J Epidemiol, 11, pp. 62-66; Gold, D.R., Tager, I.B., Weiss, S.T., Tosteson, T.D., Speizer, F.E., Acute lower respiratory illness in childhood as a predictor of lung function and chronic respiratory symptoms (1989) Am Rev Respir Dis, 140, pp. 877-884; Vedal, S., Schenker, M.B., Samet, J.M., Speizer, F.E., Risk factors for childhood respiratory disease: Analysis of pulmonary function (1984) Am Rev Respir Dis, 130, pp. 187-192; Johnston, I.D.A., Anderson, H.R., Lambert, H.P., Patel, S., Respiratory morbidity and lung function after whooping-cough (1983) Lancet, 2, pp. 1104-1108; Britten, N., Wadsworth, J., Long term respiratory sequelae of whooping cough in a nationally representative sample (1986) BMJ, 292, pp. 441-444; Johnston, I.D.A., Bland, J.M., Ingram, D., Anderson, H.R., Warner, J.O., Lambert, H.P., Effect of whooping cough in infancy on subsequent lung function and bronchial reactivity (1986) Am Rev Respir Dis, 134, pp. 270-275; Weiss, S.T., Early life predictors of adult chronic obstructive lung disease (1995) Eur Respir Rev, 5, p. 31; Thurlbeck, W.M., Postnatal human lung growth (1982) Thorax, 37, pp. 564-571; Strachan, D.P., Seagroatt, V., Cook, D.G., Chest illness in infancy and chronic respiratory disease in later life: An analysis by month of birth (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 1060-1068; Martinez, F.D., Morgan, W.J., Wright, A.L., Holberg, C.J., Taussig, L.M., Diminished lung function as a predisposing factor for wheezing respiratory illness in infants (1988) N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1112-1117; Young, S., O'Keeffe, P.T., Arnott, J., Landau, L.I., Lung function, airway responsiveness, and respiratory symptoms before and after bronchiolitis (1995) Arch Dis Child, 72, pp. 16-24 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032567988&doi=10.1056%2fNEJM199802263380904&partnerID=40&md5=1604cc5f41396edb87b1a2a18b6eebfe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Women's employment transitions around childbearing T2 - Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics J2 - Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat. VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 79 EP - 97 PY - 1998 SN - 03059049 (ISSN) AU - Dex, S. AU - Joshi, H. AU - Macran, S. AU - McCulloch, A. AB - The dynamics of women's labour supply are examined at a crucial stage of their lifecycle. This paper uses the longitudinal employment history records for the 3,898 33-year-old mothers in the Fifth Sweep of the 1958 National Child Development Study cohort in the United Kingdom. Models of binary recurrent events are estimated, which correct for unobserved heterogeneity, using SABRE software. These focus on women's first transition to employment after the first childbirth, and on the monthly transitions from first childbirth until censoring at the interview. Evidence of a polarization is found between highly educated, high-wage mothers and lower-educated, low-wage mothers. © Blackwell Publishers 1998. KW - article KW - Demographic Factors KW - demography KW - developed country KW - Economic Factors KW - economics KW - educational status KW - Educational Status--women KW - employment KW - Employment--determinants KW - Employment--women KW - Europe KW - fertility KW - law KW - Macroeconomic Factors KW - Maternity Benefits KW - Microeconomic Factors KW - Northern Europe KW - policy KW - population KW - population dynamics KW - Research Report KW - social class KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Educational Status--women KW - Employment--determinants KW - Employment--women KW - Europe KW - Fertility KW - Legislation KW - Macroeconomic Factors KW - Maternity Benefits KW - Microeconomic Factors KW - Northern Europe KW - Policy KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Research Report KW - Social Policy KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - United Kingdom KW - Demography KW - Developed Countries KW - Economics KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Europe KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - Legislation KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Public Policy KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :67 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12348842 LA - English N1 - References: Barry, J., Francis, B., Davies, R., (1990) SABRE: Software for the Analysis of Binary Recurrent Events - A Guide for Users, , University of Lancaster, Centre for Applied Statistics, Lancaster; Davies, R., Sample Enumeration Methods for Model Interpretation (1992) Statistical Modelling, pp. 65-74; Davies, R., Elias, P., Penn, R., The Relationship between a Husband's Unemployment and his Wife's Participation in the Labour Force (1992) Bulletin, 54, pp. 145-171; Dex, S., (1984) Women's Work Histories: An Analysis of the Women and Employment Survey, , Department of Employment Research Paper, No. 46, London; Dex, S., (1987) Women's Occupational Mobility, , Macmillan, Basingstoke; Dex, S., Walters, P., Franco-British Comparisons of Women's Labour Supply and the Effects of Social Policies (1992) Oxford Economic Papers, 44, pp. 89-112; Dex, S., Gustafsson, S., Smith, N., Callan, N., Cross-national Comparisons of the Labour Force Participation of Women Married to Unemployed Men (1995) Oxford Economic Papers, 47, pp. 611-635; Dex, S., Joshi, H., Macran, S., McCulloch, A., (1996) Women's Employment Transitions Around Childbearing, , CEPR Discussion Paper No. 1408, London; Elias, P., (1993) ACCNCDS: Software for Access to Life and Work History Information Collected in the 5th Sweep of the National Child Development Study, , Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick, Coventry; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Greenhalgh, C., Participation and Hours of Work for Married Women in Great Britain (1979) Economica, 44, pp. 249-265; Hornstein, Z., Grice, J., Webb, A., (1981) The Economics of the Labour Market, , HMSO, London; Hunt, A., (1988) Women and Paid Work: Issues of Equality, , Macmillan, London; Joshi, H., (1984) Women's Participation in Paid Work: Further Analysis of the Women and Employment Survey, , Department of Employment Research Paper, No.45, London; Joshi, H., Participation in Paid Work: Evidence from the Women and Employment Survey (1986) Unemployment, Search and Labour Supply, pp. 271-342. , Blundell, R. and Walker, I. (eds.) (1986). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Joshi, H., Hinde, A., Employment after Childbearing in Britain: Cohort Study Evidence (1993) European Sociological Review, 9 (3), pp. 203-227; Joshi, H., Dex, S., Macran, S., Employment Childbearing and Women's Subsequent Labour Force Participation: Evidence from the British 1958 Cohort (1996) Journal of Population Economics, 9 (3), pp. 325-348; Joshi, H., Paci, P., Waldfogel, J., (1996) The Wages of Motherhood: Better or Worse?, , Welfare State Working Paper 122 STICERD, London School of Economics, London; Kiefer, J., Wolfowitz, J., Consistency of the Maximum Likelihood Estimates in the Presence of Infinitely Many Incidental Parameters (1956) Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 27, pp. 887-906; Killingsworth, M., (1983) Labor Supply, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Macran, S., Employment after Childbearing: The Derivations of a Dataset (1997) NCDS Data Note 3, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Macran, S., Joshi, H., Dex, S., Employment after Childbearing: A Survival Analysis (1996) Work Employment and Society, 10 (2), pp. 273-296; Narendranathan, W., Elias, P., Influences of Past History on the Incidence of Youth Unemployment: Empirical Findings for the UK (1993) Bulletin, 55, pp. 161-185; Sly, F., Women in the Labour Market: Results from the Spring 1995 Labour Force Survey (1996) Labour Market Trends, 104 (3), pp. 91-114; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Clarendon Press, Oxford UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032217086&partnerID=40&md5=78187502bc664c853c82327d998ba316 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 316 IS - 7128 SP - 339 EP - 342 PY - 1998 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Kurtz, Z. AU - Tookey, P. AU - Ross, E. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London Medical School, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Community Paediatrics, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London SE11 4QW, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy during childhood and early adult life in England, Scotland, and Wales. Design: Prospective study of 17,414 children born in England, Scotland, and Wales between 3 and 9 March 1958, followed up at 7, 11, 16, and 23 years of age, with a review of those with epilepsy at age 28. Subjects: People with epilepsy developing at or before age 23. Main outcome measures: The age specific incidence, cumulative incidence, and prevalence of epilepsy. Results: 124 young people had a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy during their first 23 years (cumulative incidence 8.4 per 1000; 95% confidence interval 6.8 to 10.0). 6 had died by age 23. 46 (37%) had neurological impairment or another major health problem in addition to epilepsy. The prevalence of active epilepsy at age 23 was 6.3 per 1000 (4.9 to 7.7). Conclusions: A wide variety of seizure disorders is included under the term epilepsy. A third of cases had generalised seizures. In only a quarter was the onset of seizures attributed to a specific cause. Children with additional health problems were more likely to continue to have seizures in early adult life than those with epilepsy alone. 1 in 8 were prescribed drug treatment for 6 years or more after their last seizure. All deaths occurred in young adults over the age of 16. KW - anticonvulsive agent KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - epilepsy KW - follow up KW - human KW - incidence KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - seizure KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Epilepsy KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Prevalence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Scotland KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :86 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 9487166 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Tookey, P.; Dept. Epidemiology Public Health, Institute of Child Health, Univ. Coll. London Medical School, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: p.tookey@ich.ucl.ac.uk N1 - References: Cowan, L.D., Bodensteiner, J.B., Leviton, A., Doherty, L., Presence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 94-106; Holdsworth, J., Whitmore, K., A study of children with epilepsy attending normal schools (1974) Dev Med Child Nuron, 196, pp. 746-765; Stores, G., School children with epilepsy at risk for learning and behavioural problems (1978) Dev Med Child Neurol, 20, pp. 502-508; Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1957) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 324-330; Scambler, G., Sociological aspects of epilepsy (1987) Epilepsy, pp. 497-510. , Hopkins A, ed. London: Chapman and Hall; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., Seizure disorder in the National Child Development Study (1983) Research Progress M Epilepsy, pp. 46-59. , Rose FC, ed. London: Pitman; Britten, N., Morgan, K., Pbc, F., Britten, H., Epilepsy and handicap from birth to age 36 (1986) Dev Med Child Neurol, 28, pp. 719-728; Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., Incidence and prevalence studies in epilepsy and their methodological problems: A review (1987) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 50, pp. 829-839; Roger, J., Dravet, C., Bureau, M., Dreifuss, F.E., Wolf, P., (1992) Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. 2nd Ed., , London: John Libbey; Reynolds, E.H., Changing view of prognosis of epilepsy (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 1112-1114; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the national child development study (1980) B.MJ, 280, pp. 207-210; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1965) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Ed, F.K., Growing up in Great Britain (1983) Papers from the National Child Development Study. London: Macmillan; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National child development study (1992) Pediatr Pninat Epidemiol, 6, pp. 81-110; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Vol 2. the Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2. , Lyons: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Classification, C.O., Proposal for the revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-398; Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the child health and education study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 857-861; Mamta, S., Natural history and prognosis of epilepsy: Report of a multi-institutional study in Japan (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 35-53; Harrison, W.A., Taylor, D.G., Childhood seizures: A 25-year follow-up (1976) Lancet, 1, pp. 948-957; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Elveback, L.R., Mortality in patients with epilepsy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 399-412; Gyh, L., Brodie, M.J., (1992) Sudden Death in Epilepsy: an Avoidable Outcome? J R Soc Med, 85, pp. 609-11 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032583859&partnerID=40&md5=ac24f619711ea8196b49d678f330ef2f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Health and adverse selection into marriage: Evidence from a study of the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - Public Health J2 - Public Health VL - 112 IS - 5 SP - 309 EP - 311 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0033-3506(98)00260-1 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, Y.B. AU - Sloggett, A. AD - Inst. for Human Services Research, P.O. Box 73815, Kowloon Central Post Office, Hong Kong AD - Centre for Population Studies, London Sch. of Hyg./Trop. Medicine, London, United Kingdom AB - Despite much research on the relationship between marital status and health, the confounding effects of marital selection are not well understood. Even less is known about 'adverse selection', the phenomenon that people with poor health or health related attributes have a higher chance of marriage. Using data from the National Child Development Study, a longitudinal study of the 1958 British birth cohort, this paper examines the effects of factors that can select single people into early or later marriages. The selection factors are from three domains, namely, health status, socioeconomic status, and risk-taking behaviour. It is found that, from age 16-23 y, adverse selection is prevalent. People from a lower socio-economic background and smokers are more likely to be married. This has the potential to suppress any association between marriage and health. Meanwhile, men with medical problems are less likely to marry. At ages from 23-33 y, adverse selection reduces and those who have better life chances are more likely to get married. This has the potential of creating a spurious relation between marriage and health. These findings shed light on the understanding of the confounding effects of marital selection according to different life stages. KW - Adverse selection KW - Britain KW - Health KW - Marital status KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior KW - child development KW - female KW - health status KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - marriage KW - risk KW - smoking KW - social status KW - United Kingdom PB - Nature Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 9807926 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.B.; Institute Human Services Research, Kowloon Central Post Office, PO Box 73815, Hong Kong, Hong Kong N1 - References: Cheung, Y.B., Can marital selection explain the differences in health between married and divorced people? (1998) Public Health, 112, pp. 113-117; Lillard, L.A., Panis, C.W.A., Marital status and mortality: The role of health (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 313-327; Coleman, D., Salt, J., (1992) The British Population: Patterns, Trends and Processes, , Oxford University Press: Oxford, England; Forthofer, M.S., Kessler, R.C., Story, A.L., Gotlib, I.H., The effects of psychiatric disorder on the probability and timing of first marriage (1996) J Health Sac Behav, 37, pp. 121-132; Newcomb, M.D., Bentler, P.M., (1989) Consequences of Adolescent Drug use, , Sage: Newbury Park, England; Fu, H., Goldman, N., Incorporating health into models of marriage choice: Demographic and sociological perspectives (1996) J of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 740-758; Mastekaasa, A., Marriage and psychological well-being: Some evidence on selection into marriage (1992) J of Marriage and the Family, 54, pp. 901-911; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Development Study (1992) Paediatr Perinat Epidermol, 6, pp. 81-110; (1995) 1993 Marriage and Divorce Statistics. Series FM 2, 21. , HMSO: London; Ferri, E., Introduction (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 1-15. , Ferri E (eds). National Children Bureau: London; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , Chapman and Hall: London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031758616&doi=10.1016%2fS0033-3506%2898%2900260-1&partnerID=40&md5=7ee865e632c0cb281e5c37172ae025a6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can marital selection explain the differences in health between married and divorced people? From a longitudinal study of a British birth cohort T2 - Public Health J2 - Public Health VL - 112 IS - 2 SP - 113 EP - 117 PY - 1998 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, Y.B. AD - Inst. for Human Services Research, Kowloon Central Post Office, PO Box 73815, Hong Kong, Hong Kong AB - In view of the rising divorce rates, the impact of divorce on health has an increasing importance in public health. The differentials in health between the married and the divorced may be explained by 'marital selection' and 'marital protection'. Using longitudinal data from a study of the 1958 British birth cohort, factors that select people into divorce were identified from the areas of socio-economic status, health, and attractiveness, which included physical attractiveness, health-related behaviour and temperament. Evidence for both positive and adverse selection is found. The different sets of selection factors for females and males appear to be in line with gender role expectations. The health differentials between married and divorced men were weak and can be explained away by the selection factors. Having controlled for the selection effects, there were still significant associations between divorce and physical and psychological health in women. Though these unexplained differentials cannot be definitely interpreted as the consequences of marital dissolution, this interpretation remains plausible. KW - Britain KW - Divorce KW - Marriage KW - Protection KW - Selection KW - divorce rates KW - health impact KW - marital status KW - medical geography KW - social trends KW - article KW - behavior KW - divorce KW - female KW - health KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - marriage KW - physical attractiveness KW - psychological aspect KW - public health KW - sex role KW - social status KW - temperament KW - United Kingdom KW - UK PB - Elsevier B.V. N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 9581453 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.B.; Institute Human Services Research, PO Box 73815 Kowloon Ctrl. Post Off., Hong Kong, Hong Kong N1 - References: (1993) 1991 Mortality Statistics: General, Series DH1, No. 26, 26. , HMSO: London; Coleman, D., Salt, J., (1993) The British Population: Patterns. Trends, and Processes, pp. 192-202. , Oxford University Press: Oxford; Macintyre, S., The effects of family position and status on health (1992) Soc Sci Med, 35, pp. 453-464; Ebrahim, S., Marital status, change in marital status, and mortality in middle-aged British men (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 834-842; Conger, R.D., Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability (1990) J of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 643-656; South, S.J., Lloyd, K.M., Spousal alternatives and marital dissolution (1995) Am Social Rev, 60, pp. 21-35; Sullivan, O., Time co-ordination, the domestic division of labour and affective relations: Time use and the enjoyment of activities within couples (1996) Sociology, 30, pp. 79-100; Lee, A.L., Constantijn, W.A.P., Marital status and mortality: The role of health (1996) Demography, 33, pp. 313-327; Murstein, B.I., Mate selection in the 1970s (1980) J of Marriage and the Family, 42, pp. 777-792; Fu, H., Goldman, N., Incorporating health into models of marriage choice: Demographic and sociological perspectives (1996) J of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 740-758; Macintyre, S., West, P., Social, developmental and health correlates of 'attractiveness' in adolescence (1991) Sociology of Health & Illness, 13, pp. 149-167; Rosengern, A., Wedel, H., Wilhelmsen, L., Marital status and mortality in middle-aged Swedish men (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 54-64; Koo, L.C., Behavioral factors affecting the interpretation of weak associations in epidemiology (1995) The Role of Epidemiology in Regulatory Risk Assessment, pp. 63-72. , Graham JD (ed). Elsevier Science: Amsterdam; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Smith, G.D., Shipley, M., Marmot, M.G., Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men (1993) J of Epidemiol & Community Health, 35, pp. 453-464; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 12-13. , National Children's Bureau: London; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class. The Early Years, , Chapman & Hall: London; Cox, B.D., Huppert, F.A., Whichelow, M.J., (1993) The Health and Lifestyle Survey: Seven Years on, pp. 36-37. , Dartmouth: Aldershot; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessment of health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 239-245; (1994) That's the Limit: A Guide to Sensible Drinking, , HEA: London; Buss, D.M., Human mate selection (1985) Am Sci, 73, pp. 47-51; Umberson, D., Gender, marital status and the social control of health behavior (1992) Soc Sci Med, 34, pp. 907-917; Feinstein, A.R., Biases introduced by confounding and imperfect retrospective and prospective exposure assessments (1995) The Role of Epidemiology in Regulatory Risk Assessment, pp. 29-38. , Graham JD (ed). Elsevier Science: Amsterdam UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031925713&partnerID=40&md5=6740840a7eb33ef1366ed18f6ff85b9a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unraveling bias in arrest decisions: The role of juvenile offender typescripts T2 - Justice Quarterly J2 - Justice Q. VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 427 EP - 457 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1080/07418829800093831 SN - 07418825 (ISSN) AU - Sealock, M.D. AU - Simpson, S.S. AD - Xavier University, United States AD - University of Maryland, College Park, United States AB - We investigate police decisions to arrest using police contact data from the juvenile offense portion of the 1958 Philadelphia birth cohort. The analysis is based on the assumption that police use type-script (and countertype) heuristics based on suspects’ race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and offense types to assist in their arrest decisions. We performed logistic regression analyses on police arrest decisions for offenses categorized according to their gender type-script. Like other results, these data show that, in the aggregate and when other variables are controlled, females are less likely to be arrested than their male counterparts and that race and SES also significantly affect the arrest decision. Among all offenses, the gender- typing variable explained a large portion of the effect of gender alone on the arrest decision. Within gender-type offense categories, we found evidence that officers consider offense seriousness and, most notably, the number of prior police contacts in arrest decisions. The latter plays a slightly larger role in the arrest decision for females than for males. Results are confounded by interactions with race and SES. © 1998 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Black, D., (1980) The Manners and Customs of the Police, , New York: Academic Press; Canter, R.J., Sex Differences in Self-Reported Delinquency (1982) Criminology, 20, pp. 373-393; Carrington, K., Feminist Readings of Female Delinquency (1990) Feminism, Law and Society, 8, p. 5031; Cernkovich, S.A., Giordano, P.C., A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Delinquency (1979) Sociological Quarterly, 20, pp. 131-145; Chambliss, W.J., Seidman, R.B., (1971) Law and Order, , Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley; Chesney-Lind, M., Judicial Enforcement of the Female Sex Role (1973) Issues in Criminology, 8, pp. 51-69; Chesney-Lind, M., Girls, Delinquency, and Juvenile Justice: Toward a Feminist Theory of Young Womens Crime (1995) In the Criminal Justice System and Women: Offenders, Victims, and Workers, pp. 71-88. , edited by B.R. Price and N.J. Sokoloff. New York: McGraw-Hill; Chesney-Lind, M., Shelden, R.G., (1992) Girls Delinquency and Juvenile Justice, , Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole; Clogg, C.C., Petkova, E., Haritou, A., Symposium on Applied Regression: Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients between Models (1995) American Journal of Sociology, 100, pp. 1261-1293; Dannefer, D., Who Signs the Complaint? Relational Distance and the Juvenile Justice Process (1984) Law and Society Review, 18, pp. 249-271; Defleuer, L.B., Biasing Influences on Drug Arrest Records: Implications for Deviance Research (1975) American Sociological Review, 40, pp. 88-101; Ferraro, K.J., Policing Woman Battering (1989) Social Problems, 36, pp. 61-74; Feyerherm, W., (1980) Gender Differences in Delinquency: Quantity and Quality., pp. 82-92. , 'Women and Crime in America, edited by L.H. Bowker. New York: Macmillan; Gelsthorpe, L., Towards a Sceptical Look at Sexism (1986) International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 14, pp. 125-152; Haggart, J.R., Women and Crime (1973) Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 1, pp. 42-47; Harris, A.R., Sex and Theories of Deviance: Toward a Functional Theory of Deviant Typescripts (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 3-16; Harris, A.R., Gender and Race in the Theory of Deviant Type-Scripts (1993) Sociological Inquiry, 63, pp. 166-201; Harris, A.R., Hill, G.D., (1986) Bias in Status Processing Decisions, pp. 1-89. , Rationality and Collective Belief, edited by A.R. Harris. Norword, NJ: Ablex; Herz, D.C., Exploring Medicalization within the Juvenile Justice System (1997) Doctoral Dissertation, , University of Maryland; Hill, G.D., Harris, A.R., Changes in the Gender Patterning of Crime, 1953-1977: Opportunity vs. Identity (1981) Social Science Quarterly, 62, pp. 658-671; Hill, G.D., Harris, A.R., Miller, J.L., The Etiology of Bias: Social Heuristics and Rational Decision Making in Deviance Processing (1985) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 22, pp. 135-162; Hindelang, M.J., With a Little Help from Their Friends: Group Participation in Reported Delinquent Behavior (1976) British Journal of Criminology, 16, pp. 109-125; Hindelang, M.J., Hirsehi, T., Weis, J.G., (1981) Measuring Delinquency, , Beverly Hills: Sage; Horowitz, R., Pottieger, A.E., Gender Bias in Juvenile Justice Handling of Seriously Crime-Involved Youths (1988) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 28, pp. 75-100; Klinger, D.A., Demeanor or Crime? Why ‘Hostile Citizens Are More Likely to be Arrested (1994) Criminology, 32, pp. 475-493; Klinger, D.A., More on Demeanor and Arrest in Dade County (1996) Criminology, 34; Loffland, J., (1969) Deviance and Identity, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Lundman, R.J., Organizational Norms and Police Discretion (1979) Criminology, 17, pp. 159-171; Lundman, R.J., Demeanor or Crime? The Midwest City Police-Citizen Encounters Study (1994) Criminology, 32, pp. 631-656; Mills, C.W., Situated Actions and Vocabulary of Motive (1940) American Sociological Review, 6, pp. 904-913; Morash, M., Establishment of a Juvenile Police Record: The Influence of Individual and Peer Group Characteristics (1984) Criminology, 22, pp. 97-111; Piliavin, I., Briar, S., Police Encounters with Juveniles (1964) American Journal of Sociology, 70, pp. 206-214; Quinney, R., (1974) Critique of Legal Order: Crime Control in Capitalist Society, , Boston: Little, Brown; Rafter, N.H., (1985) Partial Justice: ''Nomen in State Prisons, 1800-1935, , Boston: Northeastern University Press; Rubinstein, J., (1973) City Police, , New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux; Sampson, R.J., Effects of Socioeconomic Context on Official Reaction to Juvenile Delinquency (1986) American Sociological Review, 51, pp. 876-886; Schlossman, S., Wallach, S., The Crime of Precocious Sexuality: Female Juvenile Delinquency in the Progressive Era (1978) Harvard Educational Review, 48, pp. 65-94; Simpson, S.S., Elis, L., Doing Gender: Sorting Out the Caste and Crime Conundrum (1995) Criminology, 33, pp. 47-81; Skolnick, J.H., (1966) Justice without Trial: Law Enforcement in Democratic Society, , New York: Wiley; Smith, D.A., The Neighborhood Context of Police Behavior (1986) Crime and Justice, 8, pp. 313-341; Smith, D.A., Police Response to Interpersonal Violence: Defining the Parameters of Legal Control (1987) Social Forces, 65, pp. 767-782; Smith, D.A., Klein, J., Police Control of Interpersonal Disputes (1984) Social Problems, 31, pp. 468-481; Smith, D.A., Visher, C.A., Sex and Involvement in Deviance/Crime: A Quantitative Review of the Empirical Literature (1980) American Sociological Review, 45, pp. 691-701; Smith, D.A., Street-Level Justice: Situational Determinants of Police Arrest Decisions (1981) Social Problems, 29, pp. 167-177; Smith, D.A., Visher, C.A., Davidson, L., Equality and Discretionary Justice: The Influence of Race on Police Arrest Decisions (1984) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 75, pp. 234-249; Smith, L.S., (1978) Sexist Assumptions and Female Delinquency, , Women, Sexuality, and Social Control, edited by C. Smart and B. Smart. London: Rout- ledge and Kegan Paul; (1995), Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Steffensmeier, D.J., Crime and the Contemporary Woman: An Analysis of Changing Levels of Female Property Crime, 1960-75 (1978) Social Forces, 57, pp. 566-584; Steffensmeier, D.J., Steffensmeier, R.H., Trends in Female Delinquency: An Examination of Arrest, Juvenile Court, Self-Report, and Field Data (1980) Criminology, 18, pp. 62-85; Sykes, R.E., Fox, J.C., Clark, J.P., A Socio-Legal Theory of Police Discretion (1976) The Ambivalent Force; Perspectives on the Police, pp. 171-183. , edited by A. Blumberg and A. Niederhoffer. Hinsdale, IL: Dryden; Tracy, P.E., Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., (1990) Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, , New York: Plenum; Triplett, R., The Conflict Perspective, Symbolic Interaetionism, and the Status Characteristics Hypothesis (1993) Justice Quarterly, 10, pp. 541-558; Visher, C.A., Gender, Police Arrest Decisions, and Notions of Chivalry (1983) Criminology, 21, pp. 5-28; Worden, R.E., Shepard, R.L., Demeanor, Crime, and Police Behavior: A Reexamination of the Police Services Study Data (1996) Criminology, 34, pp. 83-105 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977651350&doi=10.1080%2f07418829800093831&partnerID=40&md5=edeb267a08804c8e01c876f609e687e6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender, work roles and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 46 IS - 11 SP - 1417 EP - 1424 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)10141-1 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Matthews, S. AU - Hertzman, C. AU - Ostry, A. AU - Power, C. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Inst. of Child Hlth., Univ. of L., London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Hlth. Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada AB - This paper aims to identify gender similarities and differences in psychosocial work characteristics for those in and out of paid employment, to inform research on possible health-related effects. Specifically five questions are addressed: do women report poorer work characteristics than men; are gender differences related to specific characteristics; do work characteristics differ between full- and part-time women workers and between those in paid and unpaid work; are socio-economic gradients in work characteristics similar for men and women; and, if there are gradients, do they differ between women in paid and unpaid work? Analyses are based on the 33 year follow-up of the 1958 British birth cohort. Four psychosocial work characteristics were examined: learning opportunities, monotony, pace of work, and flexibility of breaks. Women reported more negative work characteristics than men, primarily because of differences in learning opportunities (26% lacked opportunity compared with 13% of men) and monotonous work (47 and 31% respectively). Women in full-time employment reported fewer negative characteristics (27%) than part-time (39%) or home-workers (36%). Home-workers had fewer opportunities for learning (36%) and greater monotony (49%) than paid workers (21 and 22% respectively), however fewer home-workers reported inability to control the work pace(11% compared to 23%) and inflexibility of breaks (21% compared to 47%). Socio-economic gradients in work characteristics were similar among men and women, except for flexibility of break times. A socio-economic gradient in work characteristics was found for full- and part-time workers, but not among home-workers. Differences in self reported health were also examined: a social gradient was found for all employment status groups, being strongest for home-workers despite the absence of a gradient in negative work characteristics. In conclusion, these marked gender differences in psychosocial work characteristics need to be considered in future research on work and health. KW - Control KW - Demand KW - Gender KW - Health KW - Job-strain KW - SES KW - adult KW - article KW - controlled study KW - employment KW - female KW - health KW - home KW - human KW - human experiment KW - learning KW - leisure KW - male KW - normal human KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - social psychology KW - work KW - Adult KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Occupational Health KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :72 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 9665571 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Matthews, S.; Department Epidemiology Public Hlth., Institute of Child Health, University of London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Albright, C., Winkleby, M., Ragland, D., Fisher, J., Syme, L., Job strain and prevalence of hypertension in a biracial population of urban bus drivers (1992) American Journal of Public Health, 82, pp. 984-989; Alterman, T., Shekelle, R.B., Vernon, S.W., Burau, K.D., Decision latitude, psychologic demand, job strain and coronary heart disease in the Western Electric Study (1994) American Journal of Epidemiology, 139, pp. 620-627; Arber, S., Gender and class inequalities in health: Understanding the differentials (1989) In: Health Inequalities in European Countries, pp. 250-279. , ed. A. J. Fox, pp. Gower, Aldershot; Arber, S., Integrating non-employment into research on health inequalities (1996) International Journal of Health Services, 26, pp. 383-390; Barnett, R.C., Davidson, H., Marshall, N., Physical symptoms and the interplay of work and family roles (1991) Health Psychology, 10, pp. 95-101; Barnett, R.C., Multiple roles, gender, and psychological distress (1993) In: Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects, pp. 427-445. , pp. The Free Press, New York; Bobak, M., Hertzman, C., Skodova, Z., Marmot, M., Association between job strain factors and non-fatal myocardial infarction in a population based case-control study in Czech men (1998) Epidemiology, , in press; Dahl, E., Social inequality in health: The role of the healthy worker effect (1993) Social Science and Medicine, 36, pp. 1077-1086; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Frankenhaeuser, M., The psychophysiology of sex differences as related to occupational status (1991) In: Women, Work and Health: Stress and Opportunities, pp. 39-61. , ed., M. Frankenhaeuser, U. Lundberg and M. Chesney, pp. Plenum Press, New York; Greenlund, K.J., Liu, K., Knox, S., McCreath, H., Dyer, A.R., Gardin, J., Psychosocial work characteristics and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults: The CARDIA study (1995) Social Science and Medicine, 41, pp. 717-723; Hall, E.M., Johnson, J.V., Tsou, T.S., Women, occupation and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (1993) Occupational Medicine, 8, pp. 709-719; Haynes, S.G., Feinleib, M., Women, work and coronary heart disease: Prospective findings from the Framingham heart study (1980) American Journal of Public Health, 70, pp. 133-141; Holme, I., Helgeland, A., Hjermann, I., Leren, P., Socio-economic status as a coronary risk factor: The Oslo study (1982) Acta Medica Scandinavica (Suppl.), 660, pp. 147-151; Karasek, R., Baker, D., Marxer, F., Ahlbom, A., Theorell, T., Job decision latitude job demand and cardiovascular disease: A prospective study of Swedish men (1981) American Journal of Public Health, 71, pp. 694-705; Karasek, R., Theorell, T., Schwartz, J., Schnall, P., Pieper, C., Michela, J., Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) (1988) American Journal of Public Health, 78, pp. 910-918; Karasek, R., Theorell, T., (1990) Healthy Work, , Basic books, New York; Karasek, R.A., Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: Implications for job redesign (1979) Administration Science Quarterly, 24, pp. 285-308; Lennon, M., Women, work, and well being: The importance of work conditions (1994) Journal Health and Social Behaviour, 35, pp. 235-247; MacIntyre, S., Hunt, K., Sweeting, H., Gender differences in health: Are things really as simple as they seem? (1996) Social Science and Medicine, 42, pp. 617-624; MacRan, S., Clarke, L., Sloggett, A., Bethune, A., Women's socio-economic status and self assessed health: Identifying some disadvantaged groups (1994) Sociology of Health Illness, 16, pp. 182-208; Marmot, M.G., McDowell, M.E., Mortality decline and widening social inequalities (1986) Lancet, 2, pp. 274-276; Marmot, M.G., Rose, G., Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants (1978) Journal Epidemiology and Community Health., 32, pp. 244-249; Matthews, S., Power, C., Manor, O., Social inequalities in health: Are there gender differences? (1998) Social Science and Medicine, , in press; (1994) Life Expectancy Committee: Lifetime in Denmark, , Ministry Of Health Ministry of Health, Denmark; Pieper, C., Lacroix, A., Karasek, R., The relation of psychosocial dimensions of work with coronary heart disease risk factors: A meta-analysis of five United States data bases (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, pp. 483-494; Pleck, J.H., Rustad, M., (1980) Husbands' and Wives' Time: Family Work and Pay Work: A 1975-76 Study of Time Use, , Wellesley College Research Center for Women; Popay, J., Bartley, M., Owen, C., Gender inequalities in health: Social position, affective disorders and minor physical morbidity (1993) Social Science and Medicine, 36, pp. 21-32; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, , in press; Power, C., Hetzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 210-221; Rose, D., (1995) A Report on Phase I of the ESRC Review of OPCS Social Classifications, , OPCS, London; Rose, G., Marmot, M.G., Social class and coronary heart disease (1981) British Heart Journal, 45, pp. 13-19; Rosenfield, S., The effects of women's employment: Personal control and sex differences in mental health (1989) Journal Health and Social Behavior, 30, pp. 77-91; Salonen, J., Socio-economic status and the risk of cancer, cerebral stroke, and death due to coronary heart disease: A longitudinal study in Eastern Finland (1982) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 36, pp. 294-297; Siegrist, J., Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions (1996) Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, pp. 27-41; Family indicators for Canada (1996) Canadian Social Trends Summer, pp. 33-35. , Statistics Canada; Stronks, K., Van De Mheen, H., Van Den Bos, J., MacKenbach, J.P., Smaller socioeconomic inequalities in health among women: The role of employment status (1995) International Journal of Epidemiology, 24, pp. 559-568; Syme, S.L., Control and health: A personal perspective (1989) In: Stress, Personal Control and Health, pp. 3-18. , ed. A. Steptoe, and A. Appels, pp. John Wiley, Chichester UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644433823&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2897%2910141-1&partnerID=40&md5=abc7b4e19c3b5e838a7f7c908816af4b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using national surveys: A review of secondary analyses with special reference to education T2 - Educational Research J2 - Educ. Res. VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 295 EP - 310 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1080/0013188980400303 SN - 00131881 (ISSN) AU - Papasolomontos, C. AU - Christie, T. AD - Ctr. for Formative Assess. Studies, School of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom AB - The General Household Survey (GHS), the Labour Force Survey (LFS), the British Household Panel Study (BHPS), the Youth Cohort Study (YCS) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) are British national surveys which provide general and demographic information, including information about employment, routes into the labour market, education, health, income and other major social indicators. Each includes a section about education, covering the current educational status, educational attainment and the establishment last attended full-time by the respondents. This review of six years (1990-95) of studies, which either used the data or cited previous secondary analyses, revealed that secondary analyses occurred more frequently in disciplines other than education. The LFS and the YCS are most frequently the subject of further analysis, whereas analyses of the NCDS data are more frequently cited, the most common strategy in educational research. The major thrust of secondary analyses is the effect of qualifications on employment as mediated by other social and educational factors. The potential for studies of educational progression and lifelong learning has not yet been exhausted. KW - Educational research KW - National database KW - Secondary analysis PB - Routledge N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Papasolomontos, C.; Ctr. for Formative Assess. Studies, School of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom N1 - References: Clough, E., Gray, J., Jones, B., Curricular patterns in post-compulsory provision: Findings from the Youth Cohort Study (1988) Research Papers in Education, 3 (1), pp. 27-41; Davie, R., The behaviour and adjustment of seven-year-old children: Some results from the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort) (1968) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 38 (1), pp. 1-2; Davie, R., Eleven years of childhood (1973) Statistical News, 22, pp. 14-18; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London: Longman/The National Children's Bureau; Donnison, D., Soto, P., Education: Cause or effect? (1980) The Good City: A Study of Urban Development and Policy in Britain, , DONNISON, D. and SOTO, P. (Eds) London: Heinemann; Douglas, J., Ross, J., Simpson, H., (1968) All Our Future, , London: Peter Davies; Essen, J., Living in one parent families: Attainment at school (1979) Child: Care, Health and Development, 5 (3), pp. 83-93; Essen, J., Ghodsian, M., Children of immigrants: School performance (1979) New Community, 7 (3), pp. 1-8; Essen, J., Lambert, L., Head, J., School attainment of children who have been in care (1976) Child: Care, Health and Development, 2 (6), pp. 339-351; Fogelman, K., School attendance, attainment and behaviour (1978) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 48 (2), pp. 148-158; Fogelman, K., Educational and career aspirations of sixteen-year-olds (1979) British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 7 (1), pp. 42-55; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; Fogelman, K., Assessment of examination performance in different types of school (1984) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 4 A147, pp. 565-581; Fogelman, K., Essen, J., Tibbenham, A., Ability grouping in secondary schools and attainment (1978) Educational Studies, 4 (3), pp. 201-212; Fogelman, K., Goldstein, H., Social factors associated with changes in educational attainment between 7 and 11 years of age (1976) Educational Studies, 2, pp. 95-109; Fogelman, K., Gorbach, P., Age of starting school and attainment at 11 (1978) Educational Research, 21 (1), pp. 65-66; Fogelman, K., Richardson, K., School attendance: Some results from the National Child Development Study (1974) Truancy, , TURNER, B. (Ed) East Grinstead: Ward Lock Education; Fogelman, K., Tibbenham, A., Lambert, L., Absence from school: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Out of School: Perspectives in Truancy and School, , BERG, I. and HERSOV, L. (Eds) Chichester: John Wiley; Hutchison, D., Prosser, H., Wedge, P., The prediction of education failure (1979) Educational Studies, 5 (1), pp. 73-92; Kerckhoff, A.C., Effects of ability grouping in British secondary schools (1986) American Sociological Review, S1, pp. 842-858; Lacey, C., Blane, D., Geographic mobility and school attainment - The confounding variables (1979) Educational Research, 21 (3), pp. 200-206; Lambert, L., Essen, J., Head, J., Variation in behaviour ratings of children who have been in care (1977) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18, pp. 335-346; Nickell, S.C., Education and life-time patterns of unemployment (1979) Journal of Political Economy, 85 (5), pp. 5117-5131; Payne, J., Young self-employed workers (1984) Employment Gazette, 92 (1), pp. 497-503; Pringle, M.K.L., The behaviour and adjustment of 7 year olds in England, Scotland, and Wales: Some comparative results from the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort) (1970) Scottish Educational Studies, 2 (2), pp. 3-10; Pringle, M.K.L., Butler, N.R., Davies, R., (1966) 11,000 Seven-Year-Olds, , London: Longman; Richardson, K., Reading attainment and family size: An anomaly (1977) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 47 (1), pp. 71-75; Labour force survey for 1985: Preliminary results (1986) Employment Gazette, 94 (5), pp. 135-144; Measures of unemployment and characteristics of the unemployed (1988) Employment Gazette, 96 (1), pp. 28-39; 1987 Labour force survey - Preliminary results (1988) Employment Gazette, 96 (3), pp. 144-157; Economic activity and qualifications (1988) Employment Gazette, 96 (10), pp. 549-563; Education (1989) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , November, 8-10; Steedman, J., (1980) Progress in Secondary Schools, , London: National Children's Bureau; Steedman, J., (1983) Examination Results in Mixed and Single Sex Schools: Findings From the National Child Development Study, , London: Equal Opportunities Commission; Steedman, J., Fogelman, K., Secondary schooling: Findings from the National Development Study (1980) Concern, 36 (1), pp. 5-34; Tibbenham, A., Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Ability grouping and school characteristics (1978) British Journal of Educational Studies, 26 (1), pp. 8-23; Turner, A.D., A game theory model of students' decisions to the leave school at 16 plus (1988) Educational Research, 30 (1), pp. 65-71; Arber, S., Ginn, J., Gender differences in the relationship between paid employment and informal care (1995) Work, Employment and Society, 9 (3), pp. 445-471; Blatchford, R., Mortimore, P., The issue of class size for young children in schools: What can we learn from research? (1994) Oxford Review of Education, 20 (4), pp. 411-429; Blyth, E., Milner, J., Exclusion from school and victim-blaming (1994) Oxford Review of Education, 20 (3), pp. 293-306; Brown, P., Culture capital and social exclusion: Some observations on recent trends in education, employment and the labour market (1995) Work, Employment and Society, 9 (1), pp. 29-51; Brutsaert, H., Bracke, P., Gender context of the elementary school: Sex differences in affective outcomes (1994) Educational Studies, 20 (1), pp. 3-13; Cheung, Y., Heath, A., Ethnic origins and class destination (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (2), pp. 151-165; Cheung, S.Y., Heath, A., Aftercare: The education and occupation of adults who have been in care (1994) Oxford Review of Education, 20 (3), pp. 361-374; Colton, M., Heath, A., Attainment and behaviour of children in care and at home (1994) Oxford Review of Education, 20 (3), pp. 317-329; Corti, L., Dex, S., Highly qualified women (1995) Employment Gazette, 103 (3), pp. 115-122; Dearden, K., Hale, C., Alvarez, J., The educational antecedents of teen fatherhood (1992) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62 (1), pp. 139-147; Demeis, J.L., Stearns, E.S., Relationship of school entrance age to academic and social performance (1992) Journal of Educational Research, 86 (1), pp. 20-27; Drew, D., Gray, J., The fifth-year examination achievements of black young people in England and Wales (1990) Educational Research, 32 (2), pp. 107-117; Drew, D., Gray, J., The black-white gap in examination results: A statistical critique of a decade's research (1991) New Community, 17 (2), pp. 159-172; Egerton, M., Halsey, A.H., Trends by social class and gender in access to higher education in Britain (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (2), pp. 183-196; Gage, A., A profile of adult placement carers (1995) British Journal of Social Work, 25 (6), pp. 635-646; Gamoran, A., The variable effect of high school tracking (1992) American Sociological Review, 57 (6), pp. 812-828; Gamoran, A., Nysrtand, M., Berends, M., LePore, P.C., An organizational analysis of the effects of ability grouping (1995) American Educational Research Journal, 32 (4), pp. 687-715; Ginn, J., Arber, S., Exploring mid-life women's employment (1995) Sociology, 29 (1), pp. 73-94; Goldstein, H., Assessing group differences (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (2), pp. 141-150; Gray, J., Jesson, D., Sime, N., The "discouraged worker" revisited: Post-16 participation in education south of the border (1992) Sociology, 26 (3), pp. 493-505; Gray, J., Sime, N., Extended routes and delayed transitions amongst 16-19 year olds: National trends and local contexts (1990) British Journal of Education and Work, 3 (2), pp. 13-40; Harrop, A., Moss, P., Working parents: Trends in the 1980s (1994) Employment Gazette, 102 (10), pp. 343-353; Harrop, A., Moss, P., Trends in parental employment (1995) Work, Employment and Society, 9 (3), pp. 421-444; Helm, P., Redding, D., The national education and training targets - Methods for monitoring the targets (1992) Employment Gazette, 100 (7), pp. 339-346; Hibbett, A., Fogelman, K., Future lives of the truants: Family formation and health-related behaviour (1990) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 60 (2), pp. 171-179; Hibbett, A., Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Occupational outcomes of truancy (1990) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 60 (1), pp. 23-36; Hutchison, D., School effectiveness studies using administrative data (1993) Educational Research, 35 (1), pp. 27-47; Jackson, S., Educating children in residential and foster care (1994) Oxford Review of Education, 20 (3), pp. 267-279; Kilgore, S.B., The organizational context of tracking in schools (1991) American Sociological Review, 56 (2), pp. 189-203; Kysel, F., West, A., Scott, G., Leaving school: Attitudes, aspirations and destinations of fifth-year leavers in Tower Hamlets (1992) Educational Research, 34 (2), pp. 87-107; Leman, S., Williams, T., Apprentices and other long-term trainees - Data from the LFS and other surveys (1995) Employment Gazette, 103 (2), pp. 67-74; Lyons, E., Breakwell, G.M., Self-concept, enterprise and educational attainment in late adolescence (1993) British Journal of Education and Work, 6 (3), pp. 75-84; Modood, T., The number of ethnic minority students in British higher education: Some grounds for optimism' (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (2), pp. 167-182; Osborn, A.F., Resilient children: A longitudinal study of high achieving socially disadvantaged children (1990) Early Child Development and Care, 62, pp. 23-47; Owen, D., Green, A., Labour market experience and occupational change amongst ethnic groups in Great Britain (1992) New Community, 19 (1), pp. 7-29; Paterson, L., Raffe, D., "Staying-on" in full-time education in Scotland, 1985-1991 (1995) Oxford Review of Education, 21 (1), pp. 3-23; Payne, J., Payne, C., Unemployed and peripheral work (1993) Work, Employment and Society, 7 (4), pp. 513-534; Peach, C., Byron, M., Caribbean tenants in council housing: "Race", class and gender (1993) New Community, 19 (3), pp. 407-423; Sammons, P., Gender, ethnic and socio-economic differences in attainment and progress: A longitudinal analysis of student achievement over 9 years (1995) British Educational Research Journal, 21 (4), pp. 465-485; Sharp, C., Hutchison, D., Whetton, C., How do season of birth and length of schooling affect children's attainment at key stage 1? (1994) Educational Research, 36 (2), pp. 107-119; Slavin, R.E., Achievement effects of ability grouping in secondary schools: A best-evidence synthesis (1990) Review of Educational Research, 60 (3), pp. 471-499; Sly, F., The educational and labour market status of 16 and 17 year olds (1994) Employment Gazette, 102 (2), pp. 329-334; Sly, F., Mothers in the labour market (1994) Employment Gazette, 102 (11), pp. 403-415; 1989 Labour force survey preliminary results (1990) Employment Gazette, 98 (4), pp. 199-212; Youth cohort study (1990) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , May, 13-15; Training jobseekers (1990) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , May, 6-7; Employment (1990) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , November, 2; Characteristics of the unemployed (1991) Employment Gazette, 99 (5), pp. 287-302; Profile of unemployed people in Britain (1991) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , August, 9-12; Youth cohort study (1991) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , February, 8-10; Training statistics (1991) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , November, 15-16; Young people and the labour market (1992) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , February, 12-15; Economic activity and qualifications: Results from the labour force survey (1992) Employment Gazette, 100 (3), pp. 101-133; Women and the labour market: Results from the 1991 labour force survey (1992) Employment Gazette, 100 (9), pp. 433-459; Lone parents and the labour force survey (1992) Employment Gazette, 100 (11), pp. 559-588; Economic activity and qualifications (1992) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , May, 10; Education (1992) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , August, 8-9; Ethnic minorities in the youth labour market (1992) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , August, 12-15; Characteristics of the ILO unemployed (1993) Employment Gazette, 101 (6), pp. 263-288; How staying at school became the norm (1993) Employment Gazette, 102 (10), p. 444; The youth cohort study - A methodological introduction (1993) Employment Gazette, 101 (6), pp. 251-258; What happens to young people after 16?: New results from the youth cohort study (1993) Employment Gazette, 101 (5), pp. 221-223; Economic activity of 16 and 17 year olds (1993) Employment Gazette, 101 (7), pp. 307-312; Ethnic origins and the labour market (1993) Employment Gazette, 101 (2), pp. 25-43; Union density across the employed workforce (1993) Employment Gazette, 101 (1), pp. 673-689; Training (1993) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , February, 5-9; Lone parents and the labour market (1993) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , February, 12-14; The self-employed (1993) Labour Market Quarterly Report, pp. 17-20. , May; National education and training targets (1993) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , August, 13-16; Training among the self-employed (1995) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , August, 6-10; Apprentices and other long term trainees (1995) Labour Market Quarterly Report, , August, 11-16; Taylor, M.J., Post-16 options: Young people's awareness, attitudes, intentions and influences on their choice (1992) Research Papers in Education, 7 (3), pp. 301-336; Woolford, C., Patel, D., Evans, A., Characteristics of the ILO unemployed (1994) Employment Gazette, 102 (7), pp. 249-260 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0039400191&doi=10.1080%2f0013188980400303&partnerID=40&md5=0099afda293d79987e6e232ac3655829 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sex education content and teenage motherhood T2 - Childhood J2 - Childhood VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 283 EP - 301 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1177/0907568298005003004 SN - 09075682 (ISSN) AU - Russell, S.T. AD - University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States AD - Department of Family Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Box 0801, Lincoln, NE 68583-0801, United States AB - Sex education is a controversial topic in many countries. Research on the effectiveness of sex education is optimistic, but the content of sex education learned by teenagers is often unknown. Using data from the National Child Development Study of Great Britain, this study examines the sex education lessons reported at age 16 by subjects and their school headteachers, and the subjects' report of teenage motherhood at age 23. Results show that sex education may be associated with teenage motherhood either positively or negatively, depending on the topic and the marital status of the individual when she became a teenage mother. Implications for continuing debates on the worth and effectiveness of sex education are discussed. KW - Britain KW - National child development study KW - Sex education KW - Teenage parenthood PB - SAGE Publications Inc. N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Russell, S.T.; Department of Family Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Box 0801, Lincoln, NE 68583-0801, United States; email: srussell@unlvm.unl.edu N1 - References: Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical Data Analysis, , New York: John Wiley; Brewster, K.L., Billy, J.O.G., Grady, W.R., Social Context and Adolescent Behavior: The Impact of Community on the Transition to Sexual Activity (1993) Social Forces, 71 (3), pp. 713-740; Calderone, M.S., Family Transition to Parenthood: Emerging Concepts for Sexual Health (1988) Marriage and Family Review, 12, pp. 339-356; (1967) Annual Abstract of Statistics, , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Christopher, F.S., Roosa, M.W., An Evaluation of an Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program: Is "Just Say No" Enough? (1990) Family Relations, 39, pp. 68-72; Clogg, C.C., Goodman, L.A., Simultaneous Latent Structure Analysis in Several Groups (1985) Sociological Methodology, pp. 81-110. , N.B. Tuma (ed.) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; Cooksey, E.G., Factors in the Resolution of Adolescent Premarital Pregnancy (1990) Demography, 27, pp. 207-218; Csincsak, M., De Bourdeaudhujj, I., Van Oost, P., School-based Sex Education in Flanders: Problems, Barriers and Perceived Needs for Future Practice (1994) Health Education Research, 9 (4), pp. 473-483; Dallas, D.M., (1972) Sex Education in School and Society, , Windsor: The National Foundation for Education Research in England and Wales; Eisen, M.E., Zellman, G.L., McAlister, A.L., Evaluating the Impact of a Theory-based Sexuality and Contraceptive Education Program (1990) Family Planning Perspectives, 22, pp. 261-271; Forrest, J.D., Silverman, J., What Public School Teachers Teach about Preventing Pregnancy, AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (1989) Family Planning Perspectives, 21, pp. 65-72; Francome, C., Unwanted Pregnancies amongst Teenagers (1983) Journal of Biosocial Science, 15, pp. 139-143; Hannonen, S., Kekki, P., Adolescent Readers' Responses to the Booklet on Sex (1995) Journal of Adolescent Health, 16, pp. 328-333; Hardy, J.B., Zabin, L.S., The Self Center: A School-linked Pregnancy Prevention Program (1991) Adolescent Pregnancy in an Urban Environment: Issues, Programs, and Evaluation, pp. 317-332. , J.B. Hardy and L.S. Zabin (eds) Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; Herold, J.M., Thompson, N.J., Valenzuela, M.S., Morris, L., Unintended Pregnancy and Sex Education in Chile: A Behavioural Model (1994) Journal of Biosocial Science, 26, pp. 427-439; Hofferth, S.L., Programs for High Risk Adolescents: What Works? (1991) Evaluation and Program Planning, 14, pp. 3-16; Jorgensen, S.R., Sex Education and Reduction of Adolescent Pregnancies: Prospects for the 1980s (1981) Journal of Early Adolescence, 1, pp. 38-52; Jorgensen, S.R., Potts, V., Camp, B., Project Taking Charge: Six-month Follow-up of a Pregnancy Prevention Program for Early Adolescents (1993) Family Relations, 42, pp. 401-406; Kahn, J.R., Andersen, K.E., Intergenerational Patterns of Teenage Fertility (1992) Demography, 29, pp. 37-57; Kenney, A.M., Guardado, S., Brown, L., Sex Education and AIDS Education in the Schools: What States and Large School Districts are Doing (1989) Family Planning Perspectives, 21, pp. 56-64; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1990) Getting Started: Transition to Adulthood in Great Britain, , San Francisco, CA: Westview Press; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1993) Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Ketting, E., Visser, A.P., Contraception in the Netherlands: The Low Abortion Rate Explained (1994) Patient Education and Counseling, 23, pp. 161-171; Kieman, K.E., Diamond, I., (1982) Family-of-Origin and Educational Influences on Age at First Birth: the Experiences of a British Birth Cohort, , Research Paper No. 82-1. London: Centre for Population Studies; Kirby, D., (1984) Sexuality Education: an Evaluation of Programs and Their Effects, an Executive Study, , Santa Cruz, CA: Mathtech; Kirby, D., (1997) No Easy Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy (Summary), , Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy; Kirby, D., Barth, R.P., Leland, N., Fetro, J.V., Reducing the Risk: Impact of a New Curriculum on Sexual Risk-taking (1991) Family Planning Perspectives, 23, pp. 253-256; Kirby, D., Short, L., Collins, J., Rugg, D., Kolbe, L., Howard, M., Miller, B., Zabin, L., School-based Programs to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Review of Effectiveness (1994) Public Health Reports, 109, pp. 339-360; Ku, L.C., Sonenstein, F.L., Pleck, J.H., The Association of AIDS Education and Sex Education with Sexual Behavior and Condom Use among Teenage Men (1992) Family Planning Perspectives, 24, pp. 100-106; Ku, L.C., Sonenstein, F.L., Pleck, J.H., Factors Influencing First Intercourse for Teenage Men (1992) Public Health Reports, 108, pp. 680-694; Lambert, L., Measuring the Gaps in Teenagers' Knowledge of Sex and Parenthood (1977) Health and Social Service Journal, , 15 April; Lambert, L., Pearson, R., Sex Education in Schools (1977) The Journal of the Institute of Health Education, 15, pp. 4-11; Landry, E., Bertrand, J.T., Cherry, F., Rice, J., Teen Pregnancy in New Orleans: Factors that Differentiate Teens who Deliver, Abort, and Successfully Contracept (1986) Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 15, pp. 259-274; McClutcheon, A.L., (1987) Latent Class Analysis, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Meredith, P., (1989) Sex Education: Political Issues in Britain and Europe, , London: Routledge; Miller, B.C., Moore, K.A., Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy, and Parenting: Research through the 1980s (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 1025-1044; Neter, J., Wasserman, W., Kutner, M.H., (1989) Applied Linear Regression Models, 2nd Edn., , Boston, MA: Richard D. Irwin; (1977) Abortion Statistics, , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Oz, S., Attitudes toward Family Life Education: A Survey of Israeli Arab Teachers (1991) Adolescence, 26, pp. 899-912; Pearson, R., Lambert, L., Sex Education, Preparation for Parenthood and the Adolescent (1977) Community Health, 9, pp. 84-90; Rapoport, T., Two Patterns of Girlhood: Inconsistent Sexuality-laden Experiences Across Institutions of Socialisation and Socio-cultural Milieux (1992) International Sociology, 7 (3), pp. 329-346; Rea, N., Kozakiewicz, M., (1975) A Survey on the Status of Sex Education in European Member Countries, , London: International Planned Parenthood Federation; Russell, S.T., Life Course Antecedents of Premarital Conception in Great Britain (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 480-492; Russell, S.T., Multidimensional Risk Profiles for Teen Parenthood: Evidence from Britain in the 1970s Sociological Spectrum, , in press; Segest, E., Some Aspects Regarding Teenage Pregnancy in Denmark (1994) Medicine and Law, 13, pp. 381-396; Selman, P., Glendinning, C., Teenage Parenthood and Social Policy (1995) Youth and Policy, 47, pp. 39-58; Shepherd, P., (1989) The National Child Development Study: an Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , National Child Development Study User Support Group, Working Paper No. 1. London: City University, Social Statistics Research Unit; Shore, L., Experiences of Pubertal Development (1984) Social Science and Medicine, 19 (4), pp. 461-465; Townsend, J.W., De Diaz May, E., Sepulveda, Y., Santos de Garza, Y., Rosenhouse, S., Sex Education and Family Planning Services for Young Adults: Alternative Urban Strategies in Mexico (1987) Studies in Family Planning, 18 (1), pp. 103-108; Visser, A.P., Van Bilsen, P., Effectiveness of Sex Education Provided to Adolescents (1994) Patient Education and Counseling, 23, pp. 147-160; Woodcock, A., Stenner, K., Ingham, R., "All these Contraceptives, Videos, and that . . .": Young People Talking about School Sex Education (1992) Health Education Research, 7 (4), pp. 517-531; Zabin, L.S., School-linked Reproductive Health Services: The Johns Hopkins Program (1992) Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy: Model Programs and Evaluations, pp. 156-184. , B.C. Miller, J.J. Card, R.L. Paikoff and J.L. Peterson (eds) Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Zabin, L.S., Hirsch, M.B., Smith, E.A., Streett, R., Hardy, J.B., Evaluation of a Pregnancy Prevention Program for Urban Teenagers (1986) Family Planning Perspectives, 18, pp. 119-126; Zelnik, M., Kim, Y.J., Sex Education and its Association with Teenage Sexual Activity, Pregnancy, and Contraceptive Use (1982) Family Planning Perspectives, 12, pp. 230-237 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042898516&doi=10.1177%2f0907568298005003004&partnerID=40&md5=986e447524c79f9ff490c27b4024e9bf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multidimensional risk profiles on teen parenthood: Evidence from britain in the 1970s T2 - Sociological Spectrum J2 - Sociol. Spectr. VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 423 EP - 447 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1080/02732173.1998.9982206 SN - 02732173 (ISSN) AU - Russell, S.T. AD - Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Nebraska, P.O. Box 835801, Lincoln, NE, 58583-0801, United States AB - Research on the antecedents of teen parenthood has most often focused on the family of origin as the primary locus for understanding parenthood risk; however, several theoretical perspectives promote the inclusion of multiple domains of adolescents’ lives for understanding behavior. Using data from a British cohort who grew up during the 1970s (the National Child Development Study), this study considers the degree to which family characteristics from the teenage years mediate and are mediated by physical development, psychosocial characteristics, academic performance and attitudes, and future plans. Multidimensional risk factors show little variation by gender; however, risk factors differ according to the marital status of the teen when she or he became a parent. © 1998 Taylor & Francis. KW - adolescent KW - adolescent pregnancy KW - Adolescent Pregnancy--determinants KW - Adolescents KW - age KW - article KW - biology KW - Demographic Factors KW - demography KW - developed country KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - family relation KW - Family Relationships KW - family size KW - fertility KW - juvenile KW - migration KW - North America KW - Northern America KW - Northern Europe KW - Origin KW - parent KW - population KW - population and population related phenomena KW - population dynamics KW - Research Report KW - risk factor KW - sexual behavior KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Western Hemisphere KW - Adolescent Pregnancy--determinants KW - Adolescents KW - Age Factors KW - Americas KW - Biology KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Relationships KW - Fertility KW - Migration KW - North America KW - Northern America KW - Northern Europe KW - Origin KW - Parents KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Population Dynamics KW - Reproductive Behavior KW - Research Report KW - Risk Factors KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Youth KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Americas KW - Biology KW - Demography KW - Developed Countries KW - Emigration and Immigration KW - Europe KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Relations KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - North America KW - Parents KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Population Dynamics KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence KW - Risk Factors KW - Sexual Behavior KW - United States N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12322038 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Russell, S.T.; Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Nebraska, P.O. Box 835801, Lincoln, NE, 58583-0801, United States; email: srussell@unlvm.unl.edu N1 - References: Agresti, A., (1990) Categoricaldataanalysis, , New York: Wiley; Allison, P.D., (1984) Event History Analyses: Regressionfor Longitudinal Event Data, , London: Sage; (1967) Annual Abstract of Statistics, , London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; (1980) Annual Abstract of Statistics, , London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; (1996) Annual Abstract of Statistics, , London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental Divorce in Childhood and Demographic Outcomes in Young Adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; Chilman, C.S., The Development of Adolescent Sexuality (1983) Journal of Research and Development in Education, 16, pp. 16-26; Cooksey, E.C., Factors in the Resolution of Adolescent Premarital Pregnancies (1990) Demography, 27, pp. 207-218; Cooper, J., Births Outside Marriage: Recent Trends and Associated Demographic and Social Changes (1991) Population Trends, 63, pp. 8-18; Dearden, K., (1990) Life Experiences and Teen Fatherhood in Great Britain., , Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; Dornbusch, S.M., The Sociology of Adolescence (1989) Annual Review of Sociology, 15, pp. 233-259; Douglas, J.W.B., Broken Families and Child Behaviour (1970) Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, 4 (3), pp. 203-210; Elder, C.H., Jr., The Life Course (1992) The Encyclopedia of Sociology, pp. 1120-1130. , edited by E. F. Borgatta and M. L. Borgatta. and M. L. Borgatta. New York: Macmillan; Featherman, D.L., Lerner, R.M., Ontogenesis and Sociogenesis: Problematics for Theory and Research about Development and Socialization across the Lifespan (1985) American Sociological Review, 50, pp. 659-676; Hagan, J., Wheaton, B., The Search for Adolescent Role Exits and the Transition to Adulthood (1993) Social Forces, 71 (4), pp. 955-980; Hanson, S.L., Morrison, D.R., Cinsburg, A.L., The Antecedents of Teen Fatherhood (1989) Demography, 26, pp. 579-596; Hanson, S.L., Myers, D.E., Cinsburg, A.L., The Role of Responsibility and Knowledge in Reducing Teenage Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 241-256; Heath, A., The Sociology of Social Class (1990) Biosocial Aspects of Social Class, pp. 59-116. , edited by C. C. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Jessor, R., Donovan, J.E., Costa, F.M., (1991) Beyond Adolescence: Problem Behavior and Young Adult Development, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Jessor, R., Jessor, S.L., (1977) Problem Behavior and Psychosocial Development: A Longitudinal Study of Youth, , New York: Academic Press; Kahn, J.R., Anderson, K.E., Intergenerational Patterns of Teenage Fertility (1992) Demography, 29, pp. 39-57; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1993) Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections. Cambridge, , England: Cambridge University Press; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., Family-of-Origin and Educational Influences on Age at First Birth: The Experiences of a British Birth Cohort (1982) Research Paper No, pp. 82-91. , London: Centre for Population Studies; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The Age at which Childbearing Starts-A Longitudinal Study (1983) Population Studies, 37, pp. 363-380; Ku, L., Sonenstein, F.L., Pleck, J.H., Neighborhood, Family, and Work: Influences on the Premarital Behaviors of Adolescent Males (1993) Social Forces, 72 (2), pp. 479-503; Lambert, L., Measuring the Caps in Teenagers’ Knowledge of Sex and Parenthood (1977) Health and Social Service Journal, pp. 668-669; Laslett, P., Oosterveen, K., Smith, R., (1980) Bastardy and Its Comparative History, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Lauritsen, J.L., Explaining Race and Gender Differences in Adolescent Sexual Behavior (1994) Social Forces, 72 (3), pp. 859-884; Lewis, J., (1992) Women in Britain Since, p. 1945. , Oxford, England: Blackwell; Manlove, J.S., (1993) The Social Reproduction of Teen Motherhood in Great Britain., , Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, Durham NC; McEwan, J.A., Owens, C., Newton, J.R., Pregnancy in Girls under 17: A Preliminary Study in a Hospital District in South London (1974) Journal of Biosocial Science, 6, pp. 357-381; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational Consequences of Family Disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 130-152; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, C., (1994) Crowing up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Mensch, B., Kandel, D.B., Drug Use as a Risk Factor for Premarital Teen Pregnancy and Abortion in a National Sample of Young White Women (1992) Demography, 29 (3), pp. 409-430; Miller, B.C., Moore, K.A., Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy, and Parenting: Research through the 1980s (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 1025-1044; Moffitt, T.E., Adolescent-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy (1993) Psychological Review, 100, pp. 674-701; Moors, H., Schoorl, J., (1988) Lifestyles, Contraception, and Parenthood., , Brussels, Belgium: Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute; (1977) Abortion Statistics, , London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; (1987) Abortion Statistics, , London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; (1996) Abortion Statistics, , London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; Plotnik, R.D., The Effect of Attitudes on Teenage Premarital Pregnancy and its Resolution (1989) American Sociological Review, 57, pp. 800-811; Plotnik, R.D., Butler, S.S., Attitudes and Adolescent Nonmarital Childbearing: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1991) Journal of Adolescent Research, 6, pp. 470-492; Robbins, C., Kaplan, H.B., Martin, S.S., Antecedents of Pregnancy among Unmarried Adolescents (1985) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, pp. 567-583; Robbins, M.M.B., Lynn, D.B., The Unwed Fathers: Generational Recidivism and Attitudes about Intercourse in California Youth Authority Wards (1973) Journal of Sex Research, 9, pp. 334-341; Russell, J.K., (1982) Early Teenage Pregnancy, , London: Churchill Livingstone; Russell, S.T., Life Course Antecedents of Premarital Conception in Great Britain (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 480-492; Trussell, J., Teenage Pregnancy in the United States (1988) Family Planning Perspectives, 20, pp. 262-272; Vinovskis, M.A., (1988) An “Epidemic” of Adolescent Pregnancy, , New York: Oxford University; Weinstein, M., Thornton, A., Mother-Child Relations and Adolescent Sexual Attitudes and Behavior (1989) Demography, 26 (4), pp. 563-577; Yamaguchi, K., (1991) Event History Analysis, , London: Sage UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032217105&doi=10.1080%2f02732173.1998.9982206&partnerID=40&md5=c94fe1f799f58b88a585bfd17478ee67 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predictive symptomatology, course and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia T2 - International Clinical Psychopharmacology J2 - Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. VL - 13 IS - SUPPL. 1 SP - S97 EP - S99 PY - 1998 SN - 02681315 (ISSN) AU - Johnstone, E.C. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom AB - The mechanism by which the prepsychotic state switches into psychosis is not understood, and little is known about the structure and functioning of the central nervous systems of individuals destined to become schizophrenic. Evidence from the National Child Development Study in Great Britain suggests that children destined to become schizophrenic in adulthood show differences from controls at the age of 7 years (greater anxiety for acceptance, hostility and inconsequential behavior). The Edinburgh High-Risk Study of subjects aged 16-24 years, with at least two close family members suffering from schizophrenia hopes to answer questions about predictive symptomatology and the onset of psychosis. Preliminary results suggest that subjects from the high-risk group have brain structural characteristics lying between those of normal controls and established schizophrenics, and show more abnormalities of executive functioning, reported sensitivity, abnormal effect and observed disorganization of speech than controls. More will be known about the effectiveness of these potential structural, neuropsychological and psychopathological predictors when the study is complete and subjects in the high-risk group have had time to become ill. KW - First-episode schizophrenia KW - High-risk groups KW - National Child Development Study KW - Prepsychotic symptomatology KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - anxiety KW - childhood KW - clinical trial KW - conference paper KW - heredity KW - hostility KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - psychosis KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - school child KW - speech KW - symptomatology N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Conference Paper DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ICLPE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Johnstone, E.C.; Department of Psychiatry, Univ. of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Burgess, P., Shallice, T., Response suppression, initiation and strategy use following frontal lobe lesions (1996) Neuropsychologica, 34, pp. 263-272; Crow, T.J., MacMillan, J.F., Johnson, A.L., Johnstone, E.C., A randomised controlled trial of prophylactic neuroleptic treatment (1986) Br J Psychiatry, 148, pp. 120-127; Done, J.D., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Done, J.D., Crow, T.J., Johnstone, E.C., Sacker, A., Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Social adjustment at ages 7 and 11 (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 699-703; Geddes, J., Mercer, G., Frith, C.D., MacMillan, F., Owens, D.G.C., Johnstone, E.C., Prediction of outcome following a first episode of schizophrenia: A follow-up study of Northwick Park first episode study subjects (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 165, pp. 664-668; Johnstone, E.C., Crow, T.J., Johnson, A.L., MacMillan, J.F., The Northwick Park Study of first episode schizophrenia. I. Presentation of the illness and problems relating to admission (1986) Br J Psychiatry, 148, pp. 115-120; Wyatt, R.J., Green, M.F., Tuma, A.H., Long-term morbidity associated with delayed treatment of first admission schizophrenic patients: A re-analysis of the Camarillo State Hospital data (1997) Psychol Med, 27, pp. 261-268 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031881547&partnerID=40&md5=d34a59aed2b792be1bc210dc0dfba670 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Infant adoption: Psychosocial outcomes in adulthood T2 - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology J2 - Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 57 EP - 65 PY - 1998 DO - 10.1007/s001270050023 SN - 09337954 (ISSN) AU - Collishaw, S. AU - Maughan, B. AU - Pickles, A. AD - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Ctr. Social, Genetic Devmtl. P., Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AB - Adoption studies are able to provide important insights into the impact of changed rearing environments for children's development. A number of studies reporting on the childhood adjustment of adoptees have found an increased risk for disruptive behaviour problems when compared with children brought up in intact families. The long-term implications of adoption for psychosocial adjustment in adult life are less clear. We have used data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) to examine the psychosocial functioning over a number of life-domains of an unselected sample of adoptees, non-adopted children from similar birth circumstances, and other members of the cohort. Adopted women showed very positive adult adjustment across all the domains examined in this study, whilst our findings suggest some difficulty in two specific domains (employment and social support) for adopted men. Implications of the findings are discussed. KW - adjustment KW - adoption KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child behavior KW - child development KW - controlled study KW - employment KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - normal human KW - social interaction KW - social support PB - Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH and Co. KG N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPPEE C2 - 9503988 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Collishaw, S.; MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom N1 - Funding details: City, City University London N1 - Funding details: ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council N1 - Funding details: ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council N1 - Funding text: Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by grant HR255199031 (AP) from the Economic and Social Research Council, and access to the main data set was provided by the Economic and Social Research Council Archive. We are grateful to Peter Shepherd and the staff of the Social Statistical Research Unit, City University, for help with additional details relevant to this study. N1 - References: Bohman, M., Predisposition to criminality: Swedish adoption studies in retrospect (1996) Ciba Foundation Symposium, 194, pp. 99-114. , Bock GR, Goode JA (eds) Genetics of criminal and antisocial behaviour Wiley, Chichester; Bohman, M., Sigvardsson, S., A prospective longitudinal study of adoption (1985) Longitudinal Studies in Child Psychology and Psychiatry, , Nicol AR (ed) Wiley, Chichester; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Cadoret, R.J., Yates, W.R., Troughton, E., Woodworth, G., Stewart, M.A., Genetic-environmental interaction in the genesis of aggressivity and conduct disorders (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52, pp. 916-924; Clayton, D.G., Some odds ratio statistics for the analysis of ordered categorical data (1974) Biometrika, 61, pp. 525-531; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman in association with NCB, London; Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M., Horwood, L.J., The adolescent outcomes of adoption: A 16-year longitudinal study (1995) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 36, pp. 597-615; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , MacMillan, London; Hodges, J., Tizard, B., Social and family relationships of ex-institutional adolescents (1989) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 30, pp. 77-97; Huber, P.J., The behavior of maximum likelihood estimates under non-standard conditions (1967) Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1, pp. 221-233; King, M., At risk drinking among general practice attenders: Validation of the CAGE questionnaire (1986) Psychol Med, 16, pp. 213-217; Lambert, L., Streather, J., (1980) Children in Changing Families, , National Children's Bureau, London; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Racine, Y.A., Boyle, M.H., Psychiatric disorders in adopted children: A profile from the Ontario Child Health Study (1992) Can J Psychiatry, 37, pp. 627-633; Lipman, E.L., Offord, D.R., Boyle, M.H., Racine, Y.A., Follow-up of psychiatric and educational morbidity among adopted children (1993) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1007-1012; Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Adopted and illegitimate children growing up (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, pp. 36-61. , Robins LN, Rutter M (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Maughan, B., Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., School Achievements and Adult Qualifications among Adoptees: A Longitudinal Study, , submitted; Mayfield, D., McLeod, G., Hall, P., The CAGE questionnaire. Validation of a new alcohol screening instrument (1974) Am J Psychiatry, 131, pp. 1121-1123; McCullagh, P., Regression models for ordinal data (with discussion) (1980) J R Stat Soc B, 42, pp. 109-142; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London (reprinted 1981, Krieger, Huntingdon, New York); Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Yule, W., Graham, P., Isle of Wight studies 1964-1974 (1976) Psychol Med, 6, pp. 313-332; Snell, E.J., A scaling procedure for ordered categorical data (1964) Biometrics, 20, pp. 592-607; (1995) Stata Statistical Software: Release 4.0, , StataCorp, College Station, Texas; Strain, D.O., Wei, L.J., Ware, J.H., Analysis of repeated ordered categorical outcomes with possibly missing observations and time-dependent covariates (1988) J Am Stat Assoc, 83, pp. 631-637; Sullivan, P.F., Wells, J.E., Bushnell, J.A., Adoption as a risk factor for mental disorders (1995) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 92, pp. 119-124; Wedge, P., The second follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 34-39; White, H., A heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroscedasticity (1980) Econometrica, 48, pp. 817-830; Zhao, L.P., Lipsitz, S., Designs and analysis of 2-stage studies (1992) Stat Med, 11, pp. 769-782; Zoccolillo, M., Pickles, A., Quinton, D., Rutter, M., The outcome of childhood conduct disorder: Implications for defining adult personality disorder and conduct disorder (1992) Psychol Med, 22, pp. 971-986 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031891353&doi=10.1007%2fs001270050023&partnerID=40&md5=73d2bf5dfcdf86d8cb0f04182d22a47a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of childhood health in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in early adult health T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. Epidemiol. Community Health VL - 52 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 19 PY - 1998 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Van De Mheen, H. AU - Stronks, K. AU - Looman, C.W.N. AU - Mackenbach, J.P. AD - Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands AB - Study objective. To examine the contribution of childhood health to the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in health in early adult life. Design. Retrospective data were used, which were obtained from a postal survey in the baseline of a prospective cohort study (the Longitudinal Study on Socio-Economic Health Differences in the Netherlands). Adult socioeconomic status was indicated by educational level, while health was indicated by perceived general health. Childhood health was measured by self reported periods of severe disease in childhood. Relations were analysed using logistic regression models. The reduction in odds ratios of 'less than good' perceived general health for different educational groups after adjustment for childhood health was used to estimate the contribution of childhood health. Setting. The population of the city of Eindhoven and surroundings in the south east of the Netherlands in 1991. Participants. 2511 respondents, aged 25-34 years, men and women, of Dutch nationality, were included in the analysis. Main results. There was a clear association between childhood health and adult health, as well as an association between childhood health and adult socioeconomic status. Approximately 5% to 10% of the increased risk of the lower socioeconomic groups of having a 'less than good' perceived general health can be explained by childhood health. Conclusions. Childhood health contributes to the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in early adult health. Although this contribution is not very large, it cannot be ignored and has to be interpreted largely in terms of selection on health. KW - child health KW - health status KW - living standards KW - socioeconomic conditions KW - adult KW - article KW - child health KW - childhood KW - city KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - health status KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - netherlands KW - normal human KW - retrospective study KW - risk KW - self report KW - social class KW - social status KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Child Welfare KW - Educational Status KW - Health Status KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Netherlands, Eindhoven N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 9604036 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Van de Mheen, H.; Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands N1 - References: Blaxter, M., (1981) The Health of the Children, , London: Heinemann Educational Books; Rose, G., Reflections on the changing times (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 683-687; Spencer, N.J., Child poverty and deprivation in the UK (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 1255-1257; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1982) Inequalities in Health (The Black Report), , London: Penguin; Wadsworth, M., Inter-generational differences in child health (1985) Measuring Sociodemographic Change, 43, pp. 51-58. , IOCS Occasional paper. London: HMSO; Lundberg, O., Childhood living conditions, health status, and social mobility: A contribution to the health selection debate (1991) Eur Soc Rev, 7, pp. 149-162; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Serious illness in childhood and its association with later-life achievement (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, pp. 1-20. , Wilkinson RG, ed. London: Tavistock; Douglas, J.W.B., Early hospital admissions and later disturbances of behaviour and learning (1975) Develop Med Child Neurol, 17, pp. 456-480; Wolfe, B.L., The influence of health on school outcomes (1985) Med Care, 23, pp. 1127-1138; Walker, A., (1982) Unqualified and Underemployed: Handicapped Young People and the Labour Market, , London: Macmillan; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol, 6, pp. 81-110; Koivusilta, L., Rimpelä, A., Rimpelä, M., Health status: Does it predict choice in further education? (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 131-138; Pless, I.B., Cripps, H.A., Davies, J.M.C., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Chronic physical illness in childhood: Psychological and social effects in adolescence and adult life (1989) Dev Med Child Neurol, 31, pp. 746-755; Lundberg, O., (1988) Class Position and Health: Social Causation or Selection?, , Stockholm: University of Stockholm; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., Fogelman, K., Health in childhood and social inequalities in health in young adults (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 153, pp. 17-28; Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Physical health status at 36 years in a British national birth cohort (1993) Soc Sci Med, 37, pp. 905-916; Mackenbach, J.P., Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., A prospective cohort study investigating the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in health in the Netherlands (1994) Soc Sci Med, 38, pp. 299-308; Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Looman, C.W.N., Mackenbach, J.P., Recall bias in self-reported childhood health problems: Differences by age and educational level Sociology of Health and Illness, , in press; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Portocarero, L., Intergenerational class mobility and the convergence thesis: England, France and Sweden (1983) Br J Sociol, 34, pp. 303-342; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Generation differences in child health (1986) Early Child Development and Care, 25, pp. 1-10; Power, C., Peckham, C., Childhood morbidity and adulthood ill health (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 69-74; Starfield, B., Katz, H., Gabriel, A., Morbidity in childhood - A longitudinal view (1984) N Engl J Med, 310, pp. 824-829; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Quarterly Journal of Social Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Wilkinson, R.G., Socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Interpreting the data on size and trends (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, pp. 1-20. , Wilkinson RG, ed. London: Tavistock; Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Sociology of Health and Illness, 15, pp. 1-15; (1985) Targets for Health for All, , Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031982691&partnerID=40&md5=df16871cf7cd597432a595d21196e3f0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - ARCH. DIS. CHILD. VL - 77 IS - 5 SP - 376 EP - 381 PY - 1997 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Lake, J.K. AU - Power, C. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - Objectives - To assess relations between the adiposity of children and their parents and to establish whether tracking of adiposity from childhood to adulthood varies according to the parental body mass index (BMI). Methods - Longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort study were used (6540 men and 6207 women). The height and weight of the study subjects were measured at 7, 11, 16, 23 (self reported), and 33 years. Parental height and weight wore self reported when their children were 11 years old. The children were classified into six parental BMI (weigh/height) groups. Results - At each age of follow up the mean BMI of the children increased as the parental BMI increased. Higher risks of adult (33 year) obesity were evident among children with overweight or obese parents: the odds for sons and daughters with two obese parents (compared with those with both parents of normal BMI) were 8.4 and 6.8, respectively. The children of two obese parents also showed the strongest child to adult tracking of BMI as indicated by the correlation between ages 7 and 33 (r = 0.46, 0.54, sons and daughters, respectively). Conclusions - The children of obese and overweight parents have an increased risk of obesity. Subjects with two obese parents are fatter in childhood and also show a stronger pattern of tracking from childhood to adulthood as the prevalence of parental obesity increases in the general population the of child to adult tracking of BMI is likely to strengthen. KW - Body mass index KW - Child to adult tracking KW - Obesity KW - Parent KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - disease association KW - disease predisposition KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - self report KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Child of Impaired Parents KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Obesity KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :235 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 9487953 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lake, J.K.; Department of Epidemiol./Pub. Hlth., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Garrow, J.S., Importance of obesity (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 704-706; Wpt, J., The origins and consequences of obesity (1996) Ciba Foundation Symposium 201, , Chichester: Wiley; Garn, S.M., Clark, D.C., Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity (1976) Pediatrics, 57, pp. 443-456; Guillaume, M., Lapidus, L., Beckers, F., Lambert, A., Bjorntorp, P., Familial trends of obesity through three generations: The Belgian-Luxembourg child study (1996) Int J Obes, 19, pp. S5-9; Maffeis, C., Micciolo, R., Must, A., Zaffariello, M., Pinelli, L., Parental and perinatal factors associated with childhood obesity in north-east Italy (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 301-305; Charney, E., Goodman, H.C., McBride, M., Lyon, B., Pratt, R., Childhood antecedents of adult obesity. Do chubby infants become obese adults? (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 6-9; Esposito-Del Puente, A., Scalfi, L., De Filippo, E., Familial and environmental influences on body composition and body fat distribution in childhood in southern Italy (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 596-601; Garn, S.M., Sullivan, T.V., Hawthorne, V.M., Fatness and obesity of the parents of obese individuals (1989) Am J Clin Nutr, 50, pp. 1308-1313; Stunkard, A.J., Sorenson, T.I.A., Hanis, C., An adoption study of human obesity (1986) N Engl J Med, 314, pp. 193-198; Keiller, S.M., Colley, J.R.T., Carpenter, R.G., Obesity in school children and their parents (1979) Ann Hum Biol, 6, pp. 443-455; Price, R.A., Stunkard, A.J., Ness, R., Childhood onset (age < 10) obesity has high familial risk (1990) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 185-195; Ayatollahi, S.M.T., Obesity in school children and their parents in southern Iran (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 845-850; Duran-Tauleria, E., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness in British children (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 466-473; Greenlund, K.J., Liu, K., Dyer, A.R., Kiefe, C.I., Burke, G.L., Yunis, C., Body mass index in young adults: Associations with parental body size and education in the CARDIA study (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 480-485; Lissau, I., Sorensen, T.I.A., Parental neglect during childhood and increased risk of obesity in young adulthood (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 324-327; Lissau-Lund-Sorensen, I., Sorensen, T.I.A., Prospective study of the influence of social factors in childhood on risk of overweight in young adulthood (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 169-175; Lissau, I., Sorensen, T.I.A., School difficulties in childhood and risk of overweight in young adulthood: A ten year prospective population study (1993) Int J Obes, 17, pp. 169-175; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study of health and growth: Social and biological factors associated with weight-for-height and triceps skinfold of children from ethnic groups in England (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 231-248; Ravelli, G.P., Belmont, L., Obesity in nineteen year old men: Family size and birth order associations (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 66-70; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study for health and growth: Social and family factors and obesity in primary school children (1982) Ann Hum Biol, 9, pp. 131-145; Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Billette, A., Miginiac, M., Munoz, F., Rey, S., Risk factors of obesity in a 5 year old population - Parental versus environmental factors (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 721-729; Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Sobol, A.M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G.A., Dietz, W.H., Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990 (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150, pp. 356-362; Dietz, W., Factors associated with childhood obesity (1991) Nutrition, 7, pp. 290-291; Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: A follow up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 years of age (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 573-578; Sorensen, T.I.A., Holst, C., Stunkard, A.J., Skovgaard, L.T., Correlations of body mass index of adult adoptees and their biological and adoptive relatives (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 227-236; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child/adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 507-526; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adult life in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Young Adults in Great Britain, , London: HMSO; Must, A., Dallai, G.E., Dietz, W.H., Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 839-846; Kendall, M., Stuart, A., (1977) The Advanced Theory of Statistics, p. 419. , London: Griffin; Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Bolling, K., (1995) The Health of Our Nation: Health Survey for England 1993, pp. 31-43. , London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; Gulliford, M.C., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Trends in body mass index in young adults in England and Scotland from 1973 to 1988 (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 187-190; Gortmaker, S.L., Dietz, W.H., Sobol, A.M., Wehler, C.A., Increasing pediatric obesity in the United States (1987) Am J Dis Child, 141, pp. 535-540; Shah, M., Hannan, P.J., Jeffery, R.W., Secular trend in body mass index in the adult population of three communities from the upper mid-western part of the USA: The Minnesota Heart Health Program (1991) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 499-503; Sorensen, T.I.A., Price, R.A., Secular trends in body mass index among Danish young men (1990) Int J Obes, 14, pp. 411-419; Rice, T., Bouchard, C., Perusse, L., Rao, D.C., Familial clustering of multiple measures of adiposity and fat distribution in the Quebec family study: A trivariate analysis of percent body fat, body mass index, and trunk-to-extremity skinfold ratio (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 902-908; Wing, R.R., Epstein, L.H., Ossip, D.J., Laporte, R.E., Reliability and validity of self-report and observers' estimates of relative weight (1979) Addict Rehav, 4, pp. 133-140 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030825835&partnerID=40&md5=bb348be4e92c5321e3c07811804807dd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Who gets over the training hurdle? A study of the training experiences of young men and women in Britain T2 - Journal of Population Economics J2 - J. Popul. Econ. VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 197 EP - 217 PY - 1997 SN - 09331433 (ISSN) AU - Arulampalam, W. AU - Booth, A.L. AD - Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom AD - ESRC Centre on Micro-social Change, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AB - Using longitudinal data from the British National Child Development Study, this paper examines gender differences in the determinants of work-related training. The analysis covers a crucial decade in the working lives of this 1958 birth cohort of young men and women - the years spanning the ages of 23 to 33. Hurdle negative binomial models are used to estimate the number of work-related training events lasting at least three days. This approach takes into account the fact that more than half the men and two thirds of the women in the sample experienced no work-related training lasting three or more days over the period 1981 to 1991. Our analysis suggests that reliance on work-related training to improve the skills of the work force will result in an increase in the skills of the already educated, but will not improve the skills of individuals entering the labor market with relatively low levels of education. KW - Hurdle count data models KW - Skills segmentation KW - Training N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Booth, A.L.; ESRC Centre on Micro-social Change, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email: albooth@essex.ac.uk N1 - References: Arulampalam, W., Booth, A.L., (1996) Persistence in Union Status; a Longitudinal Study of Young Men in Britain, , Mimeo, University of Warwick (January); Arulampalam, W., Booth, A.L., Elias, P., Work-related training and earnings growth for young men in Britain (1995) Research in Labor Economics, , Department of Economics Research Paper no. 440, University of Warwick. forthcoming; Arulampalam, W., Booth, A.L., Elias, P., (1996) Modeling Work-related Training and Training Effects Using Count Data Techniques, , Department of Economics Research Paper no. 448, University of Warwick (January); Blanchflower, D., Lynch, L.M., Training at work: A comparison of US and British youth (1995) Training and the Private Sector: International Comparisons, , Lynch LM (ed). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Meghir, C., The determinants and effects of work-related training in Britain (1996) IFS Report, , Institute for Fiscal Studies, London; Booth, A.L., Job-related formal training: Who receives it and what is it worth? (1991) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, (AUGUST), pp. 281-294; Booth, A.L., Private sector training and graduate earnings (1993) Review of Economics and Statistics, 76, pp. 164-170; Burdett, K., Smith, E., (1995) The Low Skill Trap, , Mimeo, University of Essex; Cameron, A.C., Trivedi, P.K., Econometric models based on count data: Comparisons and applications of some estimators and some tests (1986) Journal of Applied Econometrics, 1, pp. 29-54; Cameron, A.C., Trivedi, P.K., Regression-based tests for over dispersion in the poisson model (1990) Journal of Econometrics, 46, pp. 347-364; Felstead, A., Green, F., Training and the business cycle (1996) Acquiring Skills: Market Failures, Their Symptoms and Policy Responses, , Booth AL, Snower DJ (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Green, F., Machin, S., Wilkinson, D., (1995) Trade Unions and Training Practices in British Work Places, , Mimeo, University of Leeds; Greene, W.H., (1992) LIMDEP Version 6.0 User's Manual and Reference Guide, , Econometric Software Inc., New York; Greene, W.H., (1993) Econometric Analysis, 2nd Edn., , Macmillan, London; Greenhalgh, C., Mavrotas, G., The role of career aspirations and financial constraints in individual access to vocational training (1994) Oxford Economic Papers, 46 (4), pp. 579-604; Gregory, A.W., Veall, M.R., Formulating wald tests of nonlinear restrictions (1985) Econometrica, 53 (6), pp. 1465-1468; Gurmu, S., Trivedi, P.K., (1994) Recent Developments in Models of Event Counts: A Survey, , University of Virginia Discussion Paper no. 261; Heckman, J., Borjas, G., Does unemployment cause future unemployment? Definitions, questions and answers from a continuous time model for heterogeneity and state dependence (1980) Economica, 47, pp. 247-283; Heckman, J.J., Robb, R., Alternative methods for evaluation of the impact of interventions: An overview (1985) Journal of Econometrics, 30, pp. 239-267; Lawless, J.F., Negative binomial and mixed poisson regression (1987) Canadian Journal of Statistics, 15 (3), pp. 209-225; Lillard, L.A., Tan, H.W., Private sector training: Who gets it and what are its effects? (1992) Research in Labor Economics, 13, pp. 1-62; Lynch, L.M., Private sector training and the earnings of young workers (1992) American Economic Review, 82 (1), pp. 299-312; Mullahy, J., Specification and testing of some modified count data models (1986) Journal of Econometrics, 33, pp. 341-365; Pischke, J.-S., (1994) Continuous Training in Germany, , Mimeo, Department of Economics, MIT; Prais, S.J., (1995) Productivity, Education and Training: An International Perspective, , Occasional Paper Series, NIESR, Cambridge University Press; Shepherd, P., (1985) National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 1, City University, London; Snower, D.J., The low skill, bad job trap (1996) Acquiring Skills: Market Failures, Their Symptoms and Policy Responses, , Booth AL, Snower DJ (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Tan, H., Chapman, B., Peterson, C., Booth, A.L., Youth training in the US, Britain and Australia (1992) Research in Labor Economics, 13, pp. 63-99; (1988) Employment for the 1990s, , Her Majesty's Stationary Office (HMSO) Books, London; (1989) Work-based Training: Training America's Workers, , US Government Publishing Office, Washington; Veum, J.R., (1995) Training and Job Mobility among Young Workers, , Mimeo, US Bureau of Labor Statistics; Winkelmann, R., Count data models. Economic theory and an application to labor mobility (1994) Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 410. , Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York; Winkelmann, R., How young workers get their training: A survey of Germany versus the United States (1997) Journal of Population Economics, 10, pp. 159-170; Winkelmann, R., Zimmermann, K.F., Recent developments in count data modeling: Theory and application (1995) Journal of Economic Surveys, 9 (1), pp. 1-24 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031286166&partnerID=40&md5=73926b5af8bd23bf38cda0f93b47ef86 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational mobility in Britain T2 - Economic Journal J2 - Econ. J. VL - 107 IS - 440 SP - 47 EP - 66 PY - 1997 SN - 00130133 (ISSN) AU - Dearden, L. AU - Machin, S. AU - Reed, H. AB - We use longitudinal data on children and their parents to assess the extent of intergenerational mobility in Britain. Based on data from the National Child Development Survey, a cohort of all individuals born in a week of March 1958, we find that the extent of intergenerational mobility is limited. We report a clear intergenerational correlation between fathers and both sons and daughters in terms of labour market earnings and years of schooling. We also reveal an important asymmetry in intergenerational earnings mobility, with upward mobility from the bottom of the earnings distribution being more likely than downward mobility from the top. © Royal Economic Society 1997. KW - earnings ratio KW - intergenerational mobility KW - National Child Development Survey KW - UK N1 - Cited By :166 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ECJOA LA - English N1 - References: Altonji, J., Dunn, T., Relationships among the family incomes and labor market outcomes of relatives (1991) Research in Labor Economics, 12, pp. 269-310; Atkinson, A., On intergenerational income mobility in Britain (1981) Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 3, pp. 194-218; Atkinson, A., Maynard, A., Trinder, C., (1983) Parents and Children: Incomes in Two Generations, , London: Heinemann; Becker, G., Tomes, N., Human capital and the rise and fall of families (1986) Journal of Labor Economics, 4 (3 PART 2), pp. S1-39; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., (1995) Intergenerational Mobility in Britain, , Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, Discussion Paper No. 281; Friedman, M., (1957) A Theory of the Consumption Function, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Goodman, A., Webb, S., For richer, for poorer: The changing distribution of income in the UK, 1961-91 (1994) Fiscal Studies, 15 (4), pp. 29-62; Gosling, A., Machin, S., Meghir, C., (1994) What Has Happened to Men's Wages since the Mid-1960s?, 15 (4), pp. 63-87. , Fiscal Studies; Johnson, P., Reed, H., (1996) Intergenerational Mobility among the Rich and Poor: Results from the National Child Development Survey, 12 (1), pp. 127-142. , Oxford Review of Economic Policy; Micklewright, J., A note on household income data in NCDS3 (1986) City University NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 18, 18; Reed, H., (1995) Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in Britain, , unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University College London; Shorrocks, A., The measurement of mobility (1978) Econometrica, 46, pp. 1013-1024; Solon, G., Biases in the estimation of intergenerational earnings correlations (1989) Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, pp. 172-174; Solon, G., (1992) Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States, 82, pp. 393-408. , American Economic Review; Stewart, M., (1983) On Least Squares Estimation When the Dependent Variable Is Grouped, 50, pp. 737-753. , Review of Economic Studies; Zimmerman, D., (1992) Regression Towards Mediocrity in Economic Stature, 82, pp. 409-429. , American Economic Review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030857547&partnerID=40&md5=2e77882c8b8162cf7164784a303b541f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teenage truancy, part-time working and wages T2 - Journal of Population Economics J2 - J. Popul. Econ. VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 425 EP - 442 PY - 1997 SN - 09331433 (ISSN) AU - Dustmann, C. AU - Rajah, N. AU - Smith, S. AD - University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies, 7 Ridgmount Street, London WC1E 6AE, United Kingdom AB - Part-time work whilst still in full-time education is common in many industrialized countries, and teenagers constitute a significant component of the work force in some sectors of the labour market. In Britain, in the early 1990's, some 60% of 16-18 year olds still in full time education also worked part-time. Although the determinants of teenager participation in the labour market have been studied previously (both in the United States and the United Kingdom), there remain a number of neglected questions. We address some of these in this paper, basing our analysis on data taken from the UK National Child Development Study. We first examine how teenagers divide their time between working and studying. We further analyse what explains teenage wages and labour supply. We utilise a rich set of variables describing parental background, as well as parents' labour force status and draw on information on physical stature to explain variations in wages. KW - Educational attainment KW - Teenage labour supply KW - Teenage wages KW - adolescent KW - Adolescents KW - age KW - article KW - Demographic Factors KW - demography KW - developed country KW - Economic Factors KW - economics KW - educational status KW - employment KW - Employment Status--determinants KW - Europe KW - health care manpower KW - Human Capital KW - Human Resources KW - juvenile KW - Labor Force KW - Macroeconomic Factors KW - Northern Europe KW - population KW - population and population related phenomena KW - salary and fringe benefit KW - School Enrollment KW - social class KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - student KW - United Kingdom KW - Wages--determinants KW - Adolescents KW - Age Factors KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Educational Status KW - Employment Status--determinants KW - Europe KW - Human Capital KW - Human Resources KW - Labor Force KW - Macroeconomic Factors KW - Northern Europe KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - School Enrollment KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - United Kingdom KW - Wages--determinants KW - Youth KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Demography KW - Developed Countries KW - Economics KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Europe KW - Great Britain KW - Health Manpower KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Salaries and Fringe Benefits KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Students N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12293086 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dustmann, C.; University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom N1 - References: Dustmann, C., Micklewright, J., Rajah, N., (1996) Intra-Household Transfers and the Part-Time Work of Children. Institute for Fiscal Studies, , Working Paper 96/2; Dustmann, C., Micklewright, J., Rajah, N., Smith, S., Earnings and learning: Educational policy and the growth of part-time work by full-times pupils (1996) Fiscal Studies, 17, pp. 79-103; Dustmann, C., Rajah, N., Van Soest, A., (1996) Part-Time Work, School Success and School Leaving, , Discussion Paper No. 96-19, University College London; Ehrenberg, R.G., Sherman, D.R., Employment while in college, academic achievement and post college outcomes (1987) Journal of Human Resources, 2, pp. 1-23; Fogelman, K., (1976) Britain's 16 Year Olds, , National Children's Bureau, London; Griliches, Z., Schooling interruption, work while in school and the returns from schooling (1980) Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 82, pp. 291-303; Gosling, A., Machin, S., Meghir, C., What has happened to wages? (1994) IFS Commentary No. 43; Micklewright, J., Rajah, N., Smith, S., Labouring and learning: Part-time work and full-time education (1994) National Institute Economic Review, 2, pp. 73-85; Sly, F., Economic activity of 16 and 17 year olds (1993) Employment Gazette, (JULY), pp. 307-312; Stewart, M.B., On least squares estimation when the dependent variable is grouped (1983) Review of Economic Studies, 50, pp. 737-753 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031539503&partnerID=40&md5=0786809d8db5a141bfd5a300ab185539 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relationship between early life experiences and adult depression ST - Zum zusammenhang von fruhkindlicher lebenserfahrung und depression im erwachsenenalter T2 - Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse J2 - Z. Psychosom. Med. Psychoanal. VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 319 EP - 333 PY - 1997 SN - 03405613 (ISSN) AU - Von Schoon, I. AU - Montgomery, S.M. AD - Aus der Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London AB - In a prospective longitudinal study of 9,005 individuals the association of early life experiences with symptoms of adult depression were investigated. It can be shown that the experience of negative life events before the age of 7 years enhances the risk of developing adult depression. The childhood risk factors include: long seperation from the mother, being bullied by other children, parental financial difficulties, and domestic conflict. Death of a parent during childhood, in contrast, does not increase the risk of adult depression. Socio-economic adversity in childhood is a risk factor for adult depression in females but not in males. KW - Adult depression KW - Early life events KW - National Child Development Study (NCDS) KW - Prospective longitudinal analysis KW - adult KW - article KW - conflict KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - female KW - human KW - life event KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - risk factor KW - separation anxiety KW - socioeconomics N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ZPPSB LA - German N1 - Correspondence Address: Schoon, V.I.; SSRU, City University, Northampton Square, London ECIV OHB, United Kingdom N1 - References: Abraham, K., Notes on the Psychoanalytical Investigation and Treatment of Manicdepressive Insanity and Allied Conditions (1911). in Selected Papers on Psycho-analysis. London Hogarth Press, , 1979; Abraham, K., Manic-depressive States and the Pregenital Levels of the Libido. in Selected Papers on Psycho-analysis. London Hogarth Press, , 1979; Ainsworth, M., D. Attachments Across the Life Span. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, , 61, 592-812 (1985); Amato, P., R. Parental Absence during Childhood and Depression in Later Life. Sociological-Quarterly, , 32, 543-556 (1991); Bemporad, J., R., S.Romano Childhood Experience and Adult Depression A Review of Studies. American-Journal-of-Psychoanalysis, , 53, 301-315 (1993); Bilfulco, A., , G. W. Brown, T. O. Harris Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse A Retrospective Interview Measure. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Discipline, , 35, 1419-1435 (1994); Birtchnell, J., Depression and Family Relationships A Study of Young Married Women on A London Housing Estate. British Journal of Psychiatry, , 153, 758-769 (1988); Bowlby, J., Maternal Care and Mental Health. Geneva World Health Organisation; London HSMO, , 1951; Bowlby, J., Developmental Psychiatry Comes of Age. American Journal of Psychiatry, , 145, 1-10 (1988); Brown, F., Depression and Childhood Bereavement. Journal of Mental Science, , 107, 754-777 (1961); Brown, G., W., T. Harris, J. R. Copeland Depression and Loss. British Journal of Psychiatry, , 130, 1-18 (1977); Brown, G., W., T.Harris Social Origns of Depression A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women. London Tavistock, , 1978; Crook, T., , J.Eliot Parental Death during Childhood and Adult Depression A Critical Review of the Literature. Psychological Bulletin, , 87, 252-259 (1980); Dohrenwend, B., S., J.M.Figueiredo Remote and Recent Life Events and Psychopathology. in Ricks, D. F., B. P. Dohrenwend (Eds.) Origins of Psychopathology Problems in Research and Public Policy. New York Cambridge University Press, , 1983; Faravelli, C., , E. Sacchetti, A. Amboretti Early Life Events and Affective Disorder Revisited. British Journal of Psychiatry, , 148, 288295 (1986); Fonagy, P., Pattern of Attachment, Interpersonal Relationships and Health. in Blane, D., E. Brunner, E. Wilkinson (Eds.) Health and Social Organization, Pp., , 125-151. London Routledge 1996; Freud, A., Die Hauptfrage der Kinderanalyse. in Die Schriften der Anna Freud, Bd.X, S., , 2730 ff. München Kindler 1989; Freud, O., Trauer und Melancholie. Studienausgabe Bd. III. Frankfurt Fischer Wissenschaft, , 1917; Grant, G., , M. Nolan, N. Ellis A Reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, , 25, 170-178 (1990); Hällström, T., The Relationships of Childhood Socio-demographic Factors and Early Parental Loss to Major Depression in Adult Life. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, , 75, 212-216 (1987); Hodgson, S., M., W.J.Alladin Parental Death, Depression and Beck's Theory of Cognitive Vulnerability A Critical Appraisal and Suggestions for Research. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, , 1, 85-95 (1988); Hollingshead, A., B., F. C. Redlich Social Class and Mental Illness. New York Wiley, , 1975; Holmes, S., J., L. N. Robins the Role of Parental Disciplinary Practices in the Development of Depression and Alcoholism. Psychiatry, , 51, 24-36 (1988); Kessler, R., C., W.J.Magee Childhood Adversities and Adult Depression Basic Patterns of Association in A US National Survey. Psychological Medicine, , 23, 679-690 (1993); Klein, M., Contributions to Psychoanalysis. New York McGraw-Hill, , 1964; Langner, T., S., S.Michael Life Stress and Mental Health. Glencoe, Illinois Free Press, , 1963; Lloyd, C., Life Events and Depressive Disorder Reviewed Life Events As Predisposing Factors, Archives of General Psychiatry, , 37, 529-535 (1980); Me Gee, R., , S. Williams. P. A. Silva An Evaluation of the Malaise Inventory. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, , 30 (2) 147-152 (1986); McLeod, J., Parental Loss and Adult Depression. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, , 35, 529-535 (1991); Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Sex Differences in Depression. Stanford, CA Standford University Press, , 1990; Norusis, M., J. SPSS/PC + Advanced Statistics, , 4. Chicago SPSS 1990; Censuses, O.O., Classification of Occupations. London HMSO, , 1980; Parker, G., The Measurement of Pathogenic Parental Style and Its Relevance to Psychiatric Disorder. Social Psychiatry, , 19, 75-85 (1984); Peck, M., N. the Importance of Childhood Socio-economic Group for Adult Health. Social Sciences and Medicine, , 39, 553-562 (1994); Penis, H., Deprivation in Childhood and Life Events in Depression. Archives of; Shepherd, P., The National Child Development Study. An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection. NCOS Working Paper Nr., , 1, 1995; Tennant, C., , P. Bebbington, J. Hurry Parental Death in Childhood Risk of Adult Depressive Disorders A Review. Psychological Medicine, , 14, 289-299 (1980). Tennant, C Parental loss in childhood its effects in adult life. Archives of General Psychiatry 45, 1045-1050 (1988); Anschr, D.Verf. Ingrid Schoon, SSRU, City University, Northampton Square, London ECW OHB. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031456485&partnerID=40&md5=1eb3ff4e947593d564f568bc714928c1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obstetric and perinatal factors as predictors of child behaviour at 5 years T2 - Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health J2 - J. Paediatr. Child Health VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 497 EP - 503 PY - 1997 SN - 10344810 (ISSN) AU - O'Callaghan, M.J. AU - Williams, G.M. AU - Andersen, M.J. AU - Bor, W. AU - Najman, J.M. AD - Child Devmtl. and Rehab. Services, Mater Misericordiae Children's Hosp., Annerley Road, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia AB - Objective: To identify whether obstetric and perinatal factors are independent predictors of child behaviour at 5 years. Methodology: The Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) is a prospective cohort study of 8556 mothers enrolled in early pregnancy. The relationship of obstetric and perinatal factors, maternal lifestyle, age and gender of the child, and social disadvantage were examined as predictors of child behaviour in 5005 children completing a modified child behaviour checklist at 5 years. This checklist contained three independent groups of behaviour: externalizing, internalizing and SAT (social, attentional and thought problems). Results: In the initial analysis a limited number of associations were present. After adjusting for measures of social disadvantage, only number of antenatal admissions was associated with child behaviour in all three scales, while maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy and male gender were associated with externalising and SAT behaviours. Conclusions: Most common epidemiologic obstetric and perinatal risk factors were not independent predictors of behaviour problems tn children at 5 years. KW - Behaviour KW - Children KW - Perinatal KW - Pregnancy KW - article KW - australia KW - child behavior KW - cigarette smoking KW - female KW - human KW - obstetric care KW - prediction KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Newborn, Diseases KW - Male KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prenatal Care KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPCHE C2 - 9484680 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: O'Callaghan, M.J.; Child Developmental/Rehab. Services, Mater Misericordiae Children's Hosp., Annerley Road, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia N1 - References: Casaer, P., De Vries, L., Marlow, N., Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for psychosocial development (1991) Biological Risk Factors for Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 139-174. , Flutter M, Casaer P eds. Cambridge University of Press, Cambridge; Werry, J.S., Brain and Behaviour (1991) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook, p. 7686. , Lewis M ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD; Michels, R., Marzuk, P.M., Progress in Psychiatry (1993) N. Engl. J. Med., 329, pp. 552-560; Hashimoto, J., Jayama, M., Miyazaki, M., Murakawa, K., Kuroda, Y., Brainstem and cerebellar vermis involvement in autistic children (1993) J. Child Neurol., 8, pp. 149-153; Cantwell, D.P., Attention Deficit Disorder: A review of the past 10 years (1996) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, pp. 978-987; Cohen, M., Campbell, R., Yagmai, F., Neuropathological abnormalities in developmental dysphasia (1989) Ann. Neurol., 25, pp. 567-570; Baxter Jr., L.R., Positron emission tomography studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in obsessive compulsive disorder (1994) J. Clin. Psychiatry, 55, pp. 54-59; Pilowsky, L.S., Understanding schizophrenia (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 327-328; Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance and risk of schizophrenia (1987) J. Psychiatr. Res., 21, p. 421; Mednick, S.A., Machon, R.A., Huttunen, M.O., Bonett, D., Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic (1988) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 45, p. 192; Rutter, M., Graham, P., Yule, W., A neuropsychiatrie study in childhood (1970) Clin. Dev. Med., 35-36. , SIMP/Heinemann; Goodman, R., Brain Disorders (1994) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Modern Approaches, pp. 172-190. , Rutter M, Taylor E, Hersov L eds. Blackwell Science, Oxford; Pasamanick, B., Knobloch, H., Epidemiologic studies on the complications of pregnancy and the birth process (1961) Prevention of Mental Disorders in Children, p. 7494. , Caplan G ed. New York Basic, New York; Sameroff, A.J., Chandler, M.J., Reproductive risk and the continuum of caretaker casualty (1985) Review of Child Development Research, 4, p. 187244. , Horowitz FD, Heatherington M, Scarr-Salatatek S, Siegel G eds., University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Werner, E.E., Stress and Protective Factors in Children's Lives (1985) Longitudinal Studies in Child Psychology and Psychiatry, pp. 335-355. , Nicol AR ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester; McGee, R., Silva, P.A., Williams, S., Perinatal, neurological, environmental and developmental characteristics of seven-year-old children with stable behaviour problems (1984) J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 25, pp. 573-586; Chandola, C.A., Robling, M.R., Peters, T.J., Melville-Thomas, G., McGuffn, P., Pre- and Perinatal Factors and the risk of subsequent referral for hyperactivity (1992) J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 33, p. 10; Gillberg, C., Rassmussen, P., Perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in seven-year-old children. Background factors (1982) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 24, pp. 752-770; Kandel, E., Mendick, S.A., Perinatal complications predict violent offending (1991) Criminology, 29, pp. 519-528; Walter, F.J., Growth and development of term disproportionate small for gestational age infants at the age of 7 years (1982) Early Hum. Dev., 18, pp. 1-11; Pharoah, P.O., Stevenson, C.J., Cooke, R.W., Stevenson, R.C., Prevalence of behaviour disorders in low birthweight infants (1994) Arch. Dis. Child, 70, pp. 271-274; Khadilkar, V., Tudehope, D., Burns, Y., O'Callaghan, M., Mohay, H., The long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with 'dystonic' signs at 4 months of age (1993) J. Paediatr. Child Health, 29, pp. 415-417; Weisglas-Kuperus, N., Kaot, H.M., Baerts, W., Fetter, W.P.F., Saver, P.J.J., Behavioiur problems of very low birthweight children (1993) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 35, pp. 406-416; Keeping, J.D., Najman, J.M., Morrison, J., Western, J.S., Andersen, M.J., Williams, G.N., A prospective longitudinal study of social, psychological and obstetric factors in pregnancy: Response rates and demographic characteristics of the 8556 respondents (1989) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 96, pp. 289-297; Bor, W., Najman, J.M., Anderson, M., Morrison, J., Williams, G., Socioeconomic disadvantage and child morbidity: An Australian study (1993) Soc. Science Med., 36, p. 11; Achenbach, T.M., (1991) Manual for the Child Behaviour Checklist Burlington VT, , University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington; (1985) SAS User's Guide: Basics, Version 5 Edn, , SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC; (1990) EGRET, , SERC, Seattle; Lewis, D.O., The development of the symptom of violence (1991) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry A Comprehensive Textbook, pp. 331-340. , Lewis M ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD; Geschwind, N., Galaburda, A.M., Cerebral lateralisation: Biological mechanisms, associations and pathology. A hypothesis and program for research (1985) Arch. Neurol, 42, p. 428654; Taylor, E.A., Childhood Hyperactivity (1986) Br J. Psychiatry, 149, pp. 562-573; Rantakallio, P., Laara, E., Isohanni, M., Moilanem, I., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and deliquency of the offspring: As association without causation? (1992) Int. J. Epidemiol., 21, p. 13; McGee, R., Stanton, W., Smoking in pregnancy and child development to age 9 years (1994) J. Paediat. Child Health, 30, pp. 263-265; Bauman, K.E., Koch, G.C., Validity of self reports and descriptive and analytic conclusions: The case of cigarette smoking by adolescents and their mothers (1993) Am. J. Epi., 118, pp. 90-98; Parazzini, F., Davoli, E., Rabaiotti, M., Validity of self-reported smoking habits in pregnancy: A saliva cotinine analysis (1996) Acta. Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 75, p. 352254; Rantakallio, P., Koiranen, M., Motionen, J., Association of perinatal events, epilepsy and central nervous system disease with juvenile delinquency (1992) Arch. Dis. Child, 67, p. 11; Speechley, K.N., Avison, W.R., Admission to a neonatal intensive care unit as a predictor of long term health: A 12 year follow-up (1995) Dev. Behav. Paediatr., 16, p. 397405; O'Callaghan, M.J., Burns, Y.R., Gray, M.P.H., Harvey, J.M., Mohay, H., Rogers, Y.M., Tudehope, D.I., School performance of ELBW childen: A controlled study (1996) Dev. Med. Child. Neurol., 38, pp. 917-926; Nichols, P.L., Chen, T.-C., (1981) Minimal Brain Dysfunction: A Prospective Study, , Lawrence Eribaum Assoc, Hillsdale NJ; Sykes, G.S., Johnson, P., Ashworth, F., Molloy, P.M., Gu, W., Stirrat, G.M., Do Apgar scores indicate asphyxia (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 494-496; Kellmer Pringle, M.L., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., (1966) 11 000 Seven Year OWs First Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , Longmans, London; Boyle, M.H., Offord, D.R., Racine, T.A., Catlin, G., Ontario Child Health Study: Evaluation of sample loss (1991) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 30, pp. 449-456 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031427025&partnerID=40&md5=4d97bc604229119f2bf8712c4602843f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample T2 - Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 350 IS - 9091 SP - 1584 EP - 1589 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07474-6 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Matthews, S. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol./Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. Explanations for social inequalities in health are often explored but remain largely unresolved. To elucidate the origins of health inequalities, we investigated the extent to which adult-disease risk factors vary systematically according to social position over three decades of early life. Methods. We used the 1958 birth cohort (all children born in England, Scotland, and Wales on March 3-9, 1958) with data up to age 33 years from parents, teachers, doctors, and cohort members (n = 11,407 for age 33 interview). Findings. Social class of origin was associated with physical risk factors (birthweight, height, and adult body-mass index); economic circumstances, including household overcrowding, basic amenities, and low income; health behaviour of parents (breastfeeding and smoking) and of participants (smoking and diet); social and family functioning and structure, such as divorce or separation of participants or their parents, emotional adjustment in adolescence, social support in early adulthood; and educational achievement and working career, in particular no qualifications, unemployment, job strain, and insecurity. With few exceptions, there were strong significant trends of increasing risk from classes I and II to classes IV and V. Self-perceived health status and symptoms were worse in participants with lower class origins. Interpretation. An individual's chance of encountering multiple adverse health risks throughout life is influenced powerfully by social position. Social trends in adult-disease risk factors do not emerge exclusively in mid-life, but accumulate over decades. Investment in educational and emotional development is needed in all social groups to strengthen prevention strategies relating to health behaviour, work-place environment, and income inequality. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body mass KW - breast feeding KW - child KW - crowding KW - diet KW - economic aspect KW - human KW - infant KW - lowest income group KW - newborn KW - population KW - priority journal KW - public health KW - risk factor KW - smoking KW - social status KW - United Kingdom PB - Lancet Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :244 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1995) The Health of the Nation: Variations in Health: What Can the Department of Health and the NHS Do?, , Department of Health. London: Department of Health; Marmot, M.G., Davey-Smith, G., Stansfeld, S., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Why do poor people behave poorly?: Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of socioeconomic lifecourse (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 809-819; Marmot, M., Wadsworth, M., Fetal and early childhood environment: Long term health implications (1997) Br Med Bull, p. 53; Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of Ill Health from Early to Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , London: British Medical Journal; Barker, D.J.P., Mothers, babies and disease in later life (1994) London: British Medical Journal; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death: Specific explanations of a general pattern (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Leon, D.A., Davey-Smith, G., Shipley, M., Strachan, D., Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socio economic confounding or shrinkage? (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 5-9; Wannamethee, G., Whincup, P., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of father's social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; Gliksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; Vagero, D., Leon, D., Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 1224-1225; Mann, S.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Colley, J.R.T., Accumulation of factors influencing respiratory illness in members of a national birth cohort and their offspring (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 286-292; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well-being: A metaanalysis (1991) J Marriage Fam, 53, pp. 43-58; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; (1970) Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms, , Medical Research Council, London: MRC; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children, , London: University of London; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 449-453; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) Am J Epidemiol, 117, pp. 292-304; Carpenter, L., Beral, V., Strachan, D., Ebi-Kryston, K.L., Inskip, H., Respiratory symptoms as predictors of 27 year mortality in a representative sample of British adults (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 357-361; Elo, I.T., Preston, S.H., Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-85 (1996) Soc Sci Med, 42, pp. 47-57; Doornbos, G., Kromhout, D., Educational level and mortality in a 32-year follow-up study of 18-year old men in the Netherlands (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 374-379; Wald, N.J., Hackshaw, A.K., Cigarette smoking: Epidemiological overview (1996) Br Med Bull, 52, pp. 3-11; Karasek, R., Theorell, T., (1990) Healthy Work, , New York: Basic Books; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1019-1022; Lithell, H.O., McKeigue, P.M., Berglund, L., Mohsen, R., Lithell, U., Leon, D.A., Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 406-410; Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 501-513; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1352; Margetts, B.M., Jackson, A.A., Interactions between people's diet and their smoking habits: The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1381-1384; Strachan, D.P., Respiratory and allergic diseases (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of Ill Health from Early to Adult Life, , Kuh DL, Ben-Shlomo Y, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Rutter, M., Pathways from childhood to adult life (1989) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 30, pp. 23-51; Maughan, B., McCarthy, G., Childhood adversities and psychosocial disorders (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 156-169; Hertzman, C., Wiens, M., Child development and long-term outcomes: A population health perspective and summary of successful interventions (1996) Soc Sci Med, 43, pp. 1083-1095 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031590608&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2897%2907474-6&partnerID=40&md5=a8d27bf1cbd83b5665f482654a81d54f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort: A research note T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines J2 - J. CHILD PSYCHOL. PSYCHIATRY ALLIED DISCIP. VL - 38 IS - 7 SP - 867 EP - 872 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01605.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Rodgers, B. AU - Power, C. AU - Hope, S. AD - Institute of Child Heath, London, United Kingdom AD - NHMRC Psychiat. Epidemiol. Res. Ctr., Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia AB - An association was found between childhood parental divorce and adult psychological distress in a British national birth cohort at ages 23 and 33. No moderating effects were found for gender, age at separation, or remarriage of the custodial parent. Participants who were young adults when their parents divorced also showed increased levels of symptomatology, whereas those who experienced parental death in childhood showed no increased risk. An interaction between parental divorce and own divorce in women, giving particularly high symptom levels, arose from a selection process in those from divorced families of origin only, with high 23-year scores predicting subsequent divorce. Own divorce was associated with an increase in distress between age 23 and 33, but this was irrespective of family of origin. KW - Adulthood KW - Depression KW - Divorce KW - Family structure KW - Longitudinal study KW - Psychological distress KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - death KW - distress syndrome KW - divorce KW - female KW - gender KW - human KW - male KW - normal human KW - school child KW - symptomatology KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Depression KW - Divorce KW - Family Relations KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Life Change Events KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Risk Factors KW - Stress, Psychological N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPPDA C2 - 9363586 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rodgers, B.; NHMRC, Psychiatric Epidemiology Res. Ctr., The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Parental absence during childhood and depression in later life (1991) Sociological Quarterly, 32, pp. 543-556; Amato, P.R., Children's adjustment to divorce: Theories, hypotheses, and empirical support (1993) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, pp. 23-28; Amato, P.R., Explaining the intergenerational transmission of divorce (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, pp. 628-640; Amato, P.R., Booth, A., Consequences of parental divorce and marital unhappiness for adult well-being (1991) Social Forces, 69, pp. 895-914; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well-being: A meta-analysis (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 43-58; Aro, H.M., Palosaari, U.K., Parental divorce, adolescence, and transition to young adulthood: A follow-up study (1991) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62, pp. 421-429; Aseltine Jr., R.J., Pathways linking parental divorce with adolescent depression (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 133-148; Aseltine, R.H., Kessler, R.C., Marital disruption and depression in a community sample (1993) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, pp. 237-251; Bachrach, L.L., (1975) Marital Status and Mental Disorder: an Analytical Review, , DHEW Pub. No. (ADM) 75-217. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; Black, A.H., Pedro-Carroll, J., Role of parent child relationships in mediating the effects of marital disruption (1993) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1019-1027; Bloom, B.L., Asher, S.J., White, S.W., Marital disruption as a stressor: A review and analysis (1978) Psychological Bulletin, 85, pp. 867-894; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Cherlin, A.J., Furstenberg, F.F., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K.E., Robins, P.K., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389; Elliott, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 5, pp. 258-276; Emery, R.L., Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce (1982) Psychological Bulletin, 92, pp. 310-330; Ferri, E., (1992) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau & City University; Harris, T., Brown, G.W., Bifulco, A., Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: The role of lack of adequate parental care (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 641-659; Horwitz, A.V., White, H.R., Howell-White, S., The use of multiple outcomes in stress research: A case study of gender differences in responses to marital dissolution (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, pp. 278-291; McLeod, J.D., Childhood parental loss and adult depression (1991) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, pp. 205-220; Menaghan, E.G., Depressive affect and subsequent divorce: A panel analysis (1985) Journal of Family Issues, 6, pp. 295-306; Menaghan, E.G., Lieberman, M.A., Changes in depression following divorce: A panel study (1986) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, pp. 319-328; Merikangas, K.R., Divorce and assortative mating among depressed patients (1984) American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, pp. 74-76; O'Neil, M.K., Lancee, W.J., Freeman, S.J.J., Loss and depression: A controversial link (1987) Journal Of' Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, pp. 354-357; Parker, G., Early environment (1992) Handbook of Affective Disorders, 2nd Edn., pp. 171-183. , E. S. Paykel (Ed.), New York: Guilford Press; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class difference in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal perspective (1992) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, pp. 284-291; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman & Hall; Pryor, J., Seymour, F., Making decisions about children after parental separation (1996) Child and Family Law Quarterly, 8, pp. 229-242; Rodgers, B., Adult affective disorder and early environment (1990) British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 539-550; Rodgers, B., Models of stress, vulnerability and affective disorder (1991) Journal of Affective Disorders, 21, pp. 1-13; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Parent-child separation: Psychological effects on the children (1971) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 12, pp. 233-260; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longmans; (1990) SAS Procedures Guide: Version 6 (3rd Edn)., , Cary: SAS Institute; (1990) SPSS Reference Guide, , Chicago. IL: SPSS Inc; Tennant, C., Parental loss in childhood (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 1045-1050 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030772188&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.1997.tb01605.x&partnerID=40&md5=5c5fa891c429fe35dba1b3b00d33887f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - AM. J. CLIN. NUTR. VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - 1094 EP - 1101 PY - 1997 SN - 00029165 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Lake, J.K. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - The purpose of this study was to assess relations among height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) at different ages from childhood to adulthood, and to examine long-term relations among timing of puberty, height, and BMI. Longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort (all children born between March 3rd and 9th, 1958) were used. Height and weight were measured at ages 7, 11, 16, 23 (self-reported), and 33 y; pubertal status was assessed at ages 11 and 16 y. Data for 5700 females and 5512 males were analyzed. Adult height was well predicted from childhood, with strong correlations (r = 0.7 for both sexes) between height at ages 7 and 33 y. Correlations for BMI were weaker, especially between childhood and early adulthood (r = 0.33 for males and 0.37 for females, ages 7 and 33 y), although they increased with increasing age. Although the fattest children had the highest risks of adult obesity, most obese adults had not been fat at earlier ages: only 17% and 18% of obese 33-y-old men and women, respectively, had been fat at age 7 y. A strong and evenly graded association was found between timing of puberty and BMI, with higher mean BMIs for the earlier maturers at ages 7-33 y. The moderate prediction of adult BMI in this large and unselected sample suggests that although the prevention of childhood fatness may be desirable, most obese adults could not be identified from their childhood BMI, and hence, preventive strategies need to be population-based. KW - Adults KW - Body mass index KW - Children KW - Height KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Obesity KW - Puberty KW - United Kingdom KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adulthood KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - childhood KW - correlation function KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obesity KW - puberty KW - school child KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity N1 - Cited By :235 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJCNA C2 - 9356525 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; DEB, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Flegal, K.M., Harlan, W.R., Landis, J.R., Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult women (1988) Am J Clin Nutr, 48, pp. 535-543; Flegal, K.M., Harlan, W.R., Landis, J.R., Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult men (1988) Am J Clin Nutr, 48, pp. 544-551; Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults (1994) JAMA, 272, pp. 205-211; Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Kuczmarski, R.J., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L., Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents (1995) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 149, pp. 1085-1091; Kuskowska-Wolk, A., Bergstrom, R., Trends in body mass index and prevalence of obesity in Swedish men 1980-89 (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 103-108; Guilliford, M.C., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Trends in body mass index in young adults in England and Scotland from 1973 to 1988 (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 187-190; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., (1990) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, , Cambridge, United Kingdom: CUP; Kuh, D., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 1001-1009; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness for English and Scottish children, 1972-1982 and 1982-1990 (1994) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 8, pp. 90-106; Lew, E.A., Garfinkel, L., Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women (1979) J Chronic Dis, 32, pp. 577-581; Rhoads, G.G., Kagan, A., The relation of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality to weight in youth and in middle age (1983) Lancet, pp. 492-495; Hoffmans, M.D.A.F., Kromhout, D., Coulander, C.L., The impact of body mass index of 78,612 18-year old Dutch men on 32-year mortality from all causes (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 749-756; Hubert, H.B., Feinleib, M., McNamara, P.M., Castelli, W.P., Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: A 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study (1983) Circulation, 67, pp. 968-977; Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A., Stampfer, M.J., A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 882-889; Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 501-513; Lithell, H.O., McKeigue, P.M., Berglund, L., Mohsen, R., Lithell, U., Leon, D.A., Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 406-410; Himes, J.H., Dietz, W.H., Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 307-316; Abraham, S., Collins, G., Nordsieck, M., Relationship of childhood weight status to morbidity in adults (1971) HSMHA Health Rep, 86, pp. 273-284; Abraham, S., Nordsieck, M., Relationship of excess weight in children and adults (1960) Public Health Rep, 75, pp. 263-273; Guo, S.S., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Gardner, J.D., Siervogel, R.M., The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y (1994) Am J Clin Nutr, 59, pp. 810-819; Sorensen, T.I.A., Sonne-Holm, S., Risk in childhood of development of severe adult obesity: Retrospective, population-based case-cohort study (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 127, pp. 104-113; Waaler, H.T.H., Height, weight and mortality. the Norwegian experience (1984) Acta Med Scand, 679 (SUPPL), pp. 1-56; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Leon, D.A., Davey-Smith, G., Shipley, M., Strachan, D., Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socio economic confounding or shrinkage? (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 5-9; Hyer, W., Cotterill, A.M., Savage, M.O., Common causes of short stature detectable by a height surveillance programme (1995) J Med Screen, 2, pp. 150-153; Garn, S.M., LaVelle, M., Rosenberg, K.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity (1986) Am J Clin Nutr, 43, pp. 879-883; Wellens, R., Malina, R.M., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S., Siervogel, R.M., Body size and fatness in young adults in relation to age of menarche (1992) Am J Hum Biol, 4, pp. 783-787; Gasser, T., Kneip, A., Ziegler, P., Molinari, L., Prader, A., Largo, R.H., Development and outcome of indices of obesity in normal children (1994) Ann Hum Biol, 21, pp. 275-286; Van Lenthe, F.J., Kemper, H.C.G., Van Mechelen, W., Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64, pp. 18-24; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Young Adults in Great Britain, , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; Cole, T.J., Weight-stature indices to measure underweight, overweight and obesity (1991) Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status, pp. 83-111. , Himes JH, ed. New York: Alan R Liss; Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, , Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publications; Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; Miller, F.J.W., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle Upon Tyne children (1972) Br J Prev Soc Med, 26, pp. 224-230; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W.B., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Br Med J, 283, pp. 13-17; Braddon, F.E.M., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) Br Med J, 293, pp. 299-303; Clarke, W.R., Lauer, R.M., Does childhood obesity track into adulthood? (1993) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 33, pp. 423-430; Gasser, T., Ziegler, P., Molinari, L., Largo, R.H., Prader, A., Prediction of adult skinfolds and body mass from infancy through adolescence (1995) Ann Hum Biol, 22, pp. 217-233; Rolland-Cachera, M., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., The prediction in boys and girls of the weight-height2 index and various skinfold measurements in adults: A two decade follow-up study (1989) Int J Obes, 13, pp. 305-311; Peckham, C.S., Stark, O., Simonite, V., Wolff, O.H., Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1983) Br Med J, 286, pp. 1237-1242; Robinson, T.N., Defining obesity in children and adolescents: Clinical approaches (1993) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 33, pp. 313-320; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Meaurement and long-term health risks of child/adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 507-526; Ridder, C.M., Thijssen, J.H.H., Burning, P.F., Van den Brande, J.L., Zonderland, M.L., Erich, W.B.M., Body fat mass, body fat distribution, and pubertal development: A longitudinal study of physical and hormonal sexual maturation of girls (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 75, pp. 442-446; Frisancho, A.R., Housh, C.H., The relationship of maturity rate to body size and body proportions in children and adults (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 759-770; Stark, O., Peckham, C.S., Moynihan, C., Weight and age at menarche (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 383-387; Frisch, R.E., The right weight: Body fat, menarche and fertility (1994) Proc Nutr Soc, 53, pp. 113-129; Cooper, C., Kuh, D., Egger, P., Wadsworth, M., Barker, D., Childhood growth and age at menarche (1996) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 103, pp. 814-817; Billewicz, W.Z., Fellowes, H.M., Thomson, A.M., Pubertal changes in boys and girls in Newcastle Upon Tyne (1981) Ann Hum Biol, 8, pp. 211-219; Preece, M.A., Prediction of adult height: Methods and problems (1988) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 347, pp. 4-11; Karlberg, J., Lawrence, C., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Prediction of final height in short, normal and tall children (1994) Acta Paediatr, 406, pp. 3-9; Tanner, J.M., (1989) Foetus into Man: Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, , Hertfordshire, United Kingdom: Castlemead Publications; Must, A., Jacques, P.F., Dallal, G.E., Bajema, C.J., Dietz, W.H., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; Garn, S.M., Clark, D.C., Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity (1976) Pediatrics, 57, pp. 443-456 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030826041&partnerID=40&md5=74c903d14a6cf2d8d4a393dd543ca037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The economic determinants of young people's household formation T2 - Economica J2 - Economica VL - 64 IS - 256 SP - 627 EP - 644 PY - 1997 SN - 00130427 (ISSN) AU - Ermisch, J. AU - Di Salvo, P. AB - The paper derives predictions about the impact of the price of housing, young adults' income and parental income on the probability that a young adult lives apart from his/her parents. It shows that the predicted effect of the price of housing is intimately related to the price elasticity of housing demand. It uses longitudinal data on a cohort of Britons born in 1958 (surveyed in the National Child Development Study) to estimate dynamic models of first departure from the parental home, and particularly to estimate the impact of housing price on the timing and destination of first departure. KW - household formation KW - housing prices KW - social trends KW - UK N1 - Cited By :61 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Allison, P.D., Discrete-time methods for the analysis of events histories (1982) Sociological Methodology, 12, pp. 61-98; Börsch-Supan, A., Household formation, housing prices, and public policy impacts (1986) Journal of Public Economics, 30, pp. 145-164; Dicks, M.J., (1988) The Demographics of Housing Demand: Household Formation and the Growth of Owner-occupation, , Bank of England Discussion Paper no. 32; Dolton, P., Van Der Klaauw, W., Leaving teaching in the UK: A duration analysis (1995) The Economic Journal, 105, pp. 431-444; Ermisch, J.F., An economic theory of household formation: Theory and evidence from the General Household Survey (1981) Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 28, pp. 1-9; The demand for housing in Britain and population ageing: Microeconometric evidence (1996) Economica, 63, pp. 383-404; (1996) Parental Support for Human Capital Investment by Young Adults, , Centre for Economic Policy Research, Discussion Paper no. 1536; Di Salvo, P., (1995) An Economic Analysis of the Leaving Home Decision: Theory and a Dynamic Econometric Model, , Working Paper of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, no. 95-11, University of Essex; Overton, E., Minimal household units: A new approach to the analysis of household formation (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 33-54; Wright, R.E., Employment dynamics among British single mothers (1991) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 53, pp. 99-122; Haurin, D.R., Hendershott, P.H., Kim, D., The impact of real rents and wages on household formation (1993) Review of Economics and Statistics, 75, pp. 284-293; Housing decisions of American youth (1994) Journal of Urban Economics, 35, pp. 28-44; Jones, G., Leaving the parental home: An analysis of early housing careers (1987) Journal of Social Policy, 16, pp. 49-74; King, M., An econometric model of tenure choice and the demand for housing of joint decision (1980) Journal of Public Economics, 14, pp. 137-159; Lancaster, T., (1990) The Econometric Analysis of Transition Data, , Cambridge University Press; Mcelroy, M.B., The joint determination of household membership and market work: The case of young men (1985) Journal of Labor Economics, 3, pp. 293-315; Micklewright, J., (1986) A Note on Household Income Data NCDS3, , NCDS User Support Group Working Paper no. 18, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Ridder, G., (1987) The Sensitivity of Duration Models to Misspecified Unobserved Heterogeneity and Duration Dependence, , Mimeo. University of Amsterdam; Richards, T., White, M.J., Tsui, A.O., Changing living arrangements: A hazard model of transitions among household types (1987) Demography, 24, pp. 77-97; Rosenzweig, M.R., Wolpin, K.I., Intergenerational support and the life-cycle incomes of young men and their parents: Human capital investments, coresidence, and intergenerational financial transfers (1993) Journal of Labor Economics, 11, pp. 84-112; Parental and public transfers to young women and their children (1994) American Economic Review, 84, pp. 1195-1212; Skaburskis, A., Determinants of Canadian headship rates (1994) Urban Studies, 31, pp. 1377-1389 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031411544&partnerID=40&md5=3f0acaec0d52b7380730f4823e4b1cf4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Family conflict and slow growth T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - ARCH. DIS. CHILD. VL - 77 IS - 4 SP - 326 EP - 330 PY - 1997 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Bartley, M.J. AU - Wilkinson, R.G. AD - University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Medical School, United Kingdom AD - Trafford Centre for Medical Research, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom AB - Aims - Having previously observed that slow growth in childhood is associated with subsequent labour market disadvantage, an attempt was made to determine whether family conflict is associated with slow growth to age 7 years, independently of material disadvantage. Methods - A total of 6574 children born between 3 and 9 March 1958 who were members of the British National Child Development Study were used in these analyses. Slow growth at age 7 years was indicated by short stature defined as the lowest fifth of the height distribution. In multivariate analysis, adjustment was made for fully attained adult height as a measure of genetically predetermined height. Results - A total of 31.1% of children who had experienced family conflict were of short stature compared with 20.2% of those who had not, representing relative odds of 1.79 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39 to 2.30). After adjustment for social class, crowding, sex, and predetermined height, the relative odds were slightly reduced to 1.62 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.23). A total of 44.0% of children from the most crowded households were of short stature compared with 16.4% of those from the least crowded. The unadjusted relative odds were 3.99 (95% CI 2.94 to 5.41) and after adjustment for the potential confounding variables they were 3.07 (95% CI 2.08 to 4.51). Low social class was also a risk for short stature at age 7 years, but this was not statistically significant after adjustment for the other confounding factors. Conclusion - Family conflict during childhood was independently associated with slow growth to age 7 years. KW - Development KW - Family conflict KW - Growth KW - Stress KW - article KW - child KW - child growth KW - controlled study KW - disease association KW - family KW - female KW - genetics KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - short stature KW - social class KW - stress KW - Body Height KW - Family Health KW - Female KW - Growth Disorders KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Stress, Psychological N1 - Cited By :96 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 9389237 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hosp. School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Widdowson, E.M., Mental contentment and physical growth (1951) Lanct, pp. 1316-1318; Power, C., Manor, O., Asthma, enuresis, and chronic illnesslong term impact on height (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 298-304; Nystrom Peck, M., Lundberg, O., Short stature as an effect of economic and social conditions in childhood (1995) Soc Sei Aled, 41, pp. 733-738; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern (1984) Lancet, pp. 1003-1006; Marmot, M.G., Social inequalities in mortality: The social environment (1986) In: Wilkinson RG, Ed. Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data. London: Tavistock; Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.G., Mej, W., Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health, 50, pp. 415-422; Shepherd, P., The National Chad Development Study: An introduction to the background to the study and the methods of data collection (1985) City University, London: Social Statistics Research Unit, p. 1. , NCOS Working Paper No; Life at 33 (1993) London: National Children's Bureau; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal mortality (1963) Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Perinatal problems (1969) Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, , Butler NR, Alberman E D, eds; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., Health and class: The early yean (1991) London: Chapman and Hall; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Children's housing and their health and physical development (1978) Child Health Care Dev, 4, pp. 357-369; Goldblatt, P.O., Mortality and alternative social classifications (1990) In: Goldblatt P, Ed. Longitudinal Study: Mortality and Social Organisation. London: HMSO, pp. 163-192; Norusis, M.J., SPSS user's guide (1990) Chicago: SPSS; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., Vfbrldv.-ide variation in human grovith (1976) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Smith, A.M., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Social factors and height gain of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7, pp. 115-124; Greco, L., Power, C., Peckham, C., Adult outcome of normal children who are short or underweight at age 7 years (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 696-700; Peck, M.N., Lundberg, O., Short stature as an effect of economic and social conditions in childhood (1995) Soc Sei Med, 41, pp. 733-738; Preece, M.A., Prepubertal and pubertal endocrinology (1985) In: Falkner J, Tanner JM, Eds. Human Growth. 2nd Ed. Vol 2. London: Plenum Press; Preece, M.A., Holder, A.T., The somatomedins: A family of serum growth factors (1982) In: O'Riordan JLH, Ed. Recent Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Mej, W., Early stress and associations with adult health behaviour and parenting (1984) In: Butler MR, Corner BD, Eds. Stress and Disability in Childhood. Bristol: Wright, pp. 100-104; Djp, B., Osmond, C., Rodin, I., Chd, F., Winter, P.H., Low weight gain in infancy and suicide in adult life (1995) BAIJ, 311, p. 1203; Chd, F., Vijayakumar, M., Djp, B., Osmond, C., Duggleby, S., Weight in infancy and prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult life (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 17-19; Champoux, M., Coe, L.C., Schanberg, S.M., Kühn, C.M., Suomi, S.J., Hormonal effects of early rearing conditions in the infant rhesus monkey (1989) American Journal of Primatology, 19, p. 7; Schedlowski, M., Fluge, T., Richter, S., Tewes, U., Schmidt, R.E., Tof, W., Beta endorphin, but not substance-p, is increased by acute stress in humans (1995) Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20, pp. 103-110; Pugliese, M.T., Abdenur, J., Fort, P., Lifshitz, F., The relationship between beta-endorphin and the growth-hormone (GH) response to GH releasing hormone in prepubertal children EndocrResl, 992, pp. 4l-50; Uno, H., Tarara, R., Else, J.G., Suleman, M.A., Sapolsky, R.M., Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates (1989) JNeurosci, 9, pp. 1705-1711; Meaney, M.J., Aitken, D.K., Van Berkel, C., Bhatnagar, S., Sapolsky, R.M., Effect of neonatal handling on age-related impairments associated with the hippocampus (1988) Science, 239, pp. 766-768; Sapolsky, R.M., Endocrinology alfresco: Psychoendocrine studies of wild baboons (1993) Recent Prog Harm Res, 48, pp. 437-468; Cohen, S., Daj, T., Smith, A.P., Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold (1991) NEnglJMed, 32, pp. 606-612; Mej, W., Maclean, M., Kuh, D., Rodgers, B., Children of divorced and separated parents: Summary and review of findings from a long-term follow-up study in the UK (1990) Fain Pract, 7, pp. 104-109; Wadsworth, A., Early stress and associations with adult health, behaviour and parenting (1984) In: Butler NR, Corner BD, Eds. Stress and Disability in Childhood. Bristol: Wright; James, O., Juvenile violence in a tzinner-loser culture (1995) London: Free Association Books UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030820511&partnerID=40&md5=09aef663caed8bfc79ed301cdd411790 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - BR. MED. J. VL - 315 IS - 7110 SP - 717 EP - 721 PY - 1997 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Butland, B.K. AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Lewis, S. AU - Bynner, J. AU - Butler, N. AU - Britton, J. AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom AD - Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, United Kingdom AD - Intl. Centre for Child Studies, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To investigate whether changes in certain perinatal and social factors explain the increased prevalence of hay fever and eczema among British adolescents between 1974 and 1986. Design: Two prospective birth cohort studies. Setting: England, Wales, and Scotland. Subjects: 11,195 children born 3-9 March 1958 and 9387 born 5-11 April 1970. Main outcome measures: Parental reports of eczematous rashes and of hay fever or allergic rhinitis in the previous 12 months at age 16. Results: The prevalence of the conditions over the 12 month period increased between 1974 and 1986 from 3.1% to 6.4% (prevalence ratio 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.79 to 2.32)) for eczema and from 12.0% to 23.3% (prevalence ratio 1.93 (1.82 to 2.06)) for hay fever. Both conditions were more commonly reported among children of higher birth order and those who were breast fed for longer than 1 month. Eczema was more commonly reported among girls and hay fever among boys. The prevalence of hay fever decreased sharply between social classes I and V, increased with maternal age up to the early 30s, and was lower in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Neither condition varied significantly with birth weight. When adjusted for these factors, the relative odds of hay fever (1986 v 1974) increased from 2.23 (2.05 to 2.43) to 2.40 (2.19 to 2.63). Similarly, the relative odds of eczema rose from 2.02 (1.73 to 2.36) to 2.14 (1.81 to 2.52). Conclusions: Taken together, changes between cohorts in sex, birth weight, birth order, maternal age, breast feeding, maternal smoking during pregnancy and father's social class at birth did not seem to explain any of the observed rise in the prevalence of hay fever and eczema. However, correlates of these factors which have changed over time may still underlie recent increases in allergic disease. KW - adolescent KW - allergic rhinitis KW - article KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - breast feeding KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - eczema KW - hay fever KW - health statistics KW - human KW - maternal welfare KW - perinatal period KW - priority journal KW - rash KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Order KW - Breast Feeding KW - Cohort Studies KW - Eczema KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Pregnancy KW - Prevalence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :185 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 9314757 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Butland, B.K.; Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom; email: b.nicholas@sghms.ac.uk N1 - References: Strachan, D.P., Time trends in asthma and allergy: Ten questions, fewer answers (1995) Clin Exp Allergy, 25, pp. 791-794; Burr, M.L., Butland, B.K., King, S., Vaughan-Williams, E., Changes in asthma prevalence: Two surveys 15 years apart (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1452-1456; Ninan, T.K., Russell, G., Respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren: Evidence from two surveys 25 years apart (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 873-875; Fleming, D.M., Crombie, D.L., Prevalence of asthma and hay fever in England and Wales (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 279-283; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939-45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; Lewis, S., Butland, B., Strachan, D., Bynner, J., Richards, D., Butler, N., Britton, J., Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts (1996) Thorax, 51, pp. 670-676; Golding, J., Peters, T., Eczema and hayfever (1986) From Birth to Five. A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Butler NR, Golding J, eds. Oxford: Pergamon Press; Strachan, D.P., Epidemiology of hay fever: Towards a community diagnosis (1995) Clin Exp Allergy, 25, pp. 296-303; Strachan, D.P., Taylor, E.M., Carpenter, R.G., Family structure, neonatal infection and hay fever in adolescence (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 422-426; Von Mutius, E., Martinez, F.D., Fritzsch, C., Nicolai, T., Reitmeir, P., Thiemann, H.H., Skin test reactivity and number of siblings (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 692-695; Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene, and household size (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 1259-1260; Saarinen, U.M., Kajosaari, M., Backman, A., Siimes, M.A., Prolonged breast feeding as prophylaxis for atopic disease (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 163-166; Ronchetti, R., Bonci, E., Cutrera, R., De Castro, G., Indinnimeo, L., Midulla, F., Enhanced allergic sensitisation related to parental smoking (1992) Arch Dis Child, 67, pp. 496-500; (1951) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; (1966) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven (with Full Statistical Appendix): A Report of the National Child Development Study, , London: Longman; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five. A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; (1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, 4th Edition, , Cary, NC; SAS Institute; Sibbald, B., Rink, E., D'Souza, M., Is the prevalence of atopy increasing (1990) Br J Gen Pract, 40, pp. 338-340; Williams, H.C., Strachan, D.P., Hay, R.J., Childhood eczema: Disease of the advantaged? (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1132-1135; Nakagomi, T., Itaya, H., Tominaga, T., Yamaki, M., Hisamatsu, S., Nakagomi, O., Is atopy increasing? (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 121-122; Astarita, C., Harris, R.I., De Fusco, R., Franzese, A., Biscardi, D., Mazzacca, F.R.M., Altucci, P., An Epidemiological study of atopy in children (1988) Clin Allergy, 18, pp. 341-350; Søyseth, V., Kongerud, J., Boe, J., Postnatal maternal smoking increases the prevalence of asthma but not of bronchial hyperresponsiveness or atopy in their children (1995) Chest, 107, pp. 389-394; Finn, R., John Bostock, hay fever, and the mechanism of allergy (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 1453-1455; (1993) Trends in Outdoor Air Pollution in the UK. Factsheet 93-5, , London: St George's Hospital Medical School Department of Public Health Sciences UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030776880&partnerID=40&md5=8a0dccc3e875ee80d62d9cef4be80d11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How far does the brain lateralize?: An unbiased method for determining the optimum degree of hemispheric specialization T2 - Neuropsychologia J2 - NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA VL - 35 IS - 10 SP - 1381 EP - 1387 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00059-6 SN - 00283932 (ISSN) AU - Leask, S.J. AU - Crow, T.J. AD - Prince of Wales International Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom AD - POWIC, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom AB - The relationship between measures (of size or function) on one side of the brain, in relation to the difference between the two sides on that measure, are important components of theories of hemispheric asymmetry. For example, it has been concluded that increasing lateralization (e.g., of hand skill or planum temporale area) occurs at the expense of the non-dominant hemisphere. Here it is demonstrated that such relationships could merely be a necessary consequence of relating components of a laterality index to the index (L - R)/(L + R) itself, or indeed to L - R. An alternative approach (using random data to exemplify the null hypothesis) is presented together with an application to data on hand skill from 12,782 11-year-olds in a cohort study. This demonstrates a symmetry hitherto undocumented of maximal hand skill in left and right hands in left-and right-hand writers respectively, the point of the maximum falling short of the population mean for relative hand skill in either case. If degrees of laterality are what is genetically determined, this suggests that selection is present for a function (perhaps language) associated with a greater magnitude of lateralization than is represented by hand skill. KW - Dominance KW - Gene frequency KW - Genetics KW - Genotype KW - Handedness KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - brain asymmetry KW - cohort analysis KW - genotype KW - hand movement KW - handedness KW - hemisphere KW - hemispheric dominance KW - human KW - human experiment KW - left handedness KW - right handedness KW - school child KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Demography KW - Functional Laterality KW - Great Britain KW - Handwriting KW - Humans KW - Least-Squares Analysis KW - Models, Statistical KW - Motor Skills KW - Normal Distribution KW - Stochastic Processes N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NUPSA C2 - 9347484 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leask, S.J.; POWIC, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom N1 - References: Annett, M., (1985) Left, Right, Hand and Brain: The Right Shift Theory, , Lawrence Erlbaum, London; Annett, M., The right shift theory of a genetic balanced polymorphism for cerebral dominance and cognitive processing (1995) Current Psychology of Cognition, 14, pp. 427-480; Annett, M., Manning, M., The disadvantages of dextrality for intelligence (1989) British Journal of Psychology, 80, pp. 213-226; Annett, M., Manning, M., Arithmetic and laterality (1990) Neuropsychologia, 28, pp. 61-69; Annett, M., Manning, M., Reading and a balanced polymorphism for laterality and ability (1990) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, pp. 511-529; Bishop, D.V., (1980) Handedness and Developmental Disorder, , Blackwell, Oxford; Broca, P., Remarques sur la siegé de la faculté du langue (1961) Bulletin de la Société Anatomique de Paris (2nd Series), 6, pp. 330-357; Corballis, M.C., (1991) The Lop-sided Ape: Evolution of the Generative Mind, , Oxford University Press, New York; Curt, F., Maccario, J., Dellatolas, G., Distributions of hand preference and hand skill asymmetry in preschool children: Theoretical implications (1992) Neuropsychologia, 30, pp. 27-34; Galaburda, A.M., Corsiglia, J., Rosen, G.D., Sherman, G.F., Planum temporale asymmetry, reappraisal since Geschwind and Levitsky (1987) Neuropsychologia, 25, pp. 853-868; Kilshaw, D., Annett, M., Right and left hand skill. I. Effects of age, sex and hand preference showing superior skill in left-handers (1983) British Journal of Psychology, 74, pp. 253-268; McManus, I.C., Right-and left-hand skill: Failure of the right shift model (1985) British Journal of Psychology, 76, pp. 1-16; Peters, M., Subclassification of lefthanders poses problems for theories of handedness (1990) Neuropsychologia, 28, pp. 279-289; Shepherd, P.M., An introduction to the background to the study and methods of data collection (1985) The National Child Development Study, Social Statistics Research Unit, , Working Paper no. 1. City University, London; Tan, Ü., The left brain determines the degree of left-handedness (1990) International Journal of Neuroscience, 53, pp. 75-85; Tapley, S.M., Bryden, M.P., A group test for the assessment of performance between the hands (1985) Neuropsychologia, 23, pp. 215-221; Van Strien, J.W., Levels of analysis, gene proportions, left hand weakness, and genetic determinants of cerebral asymmetry (1995) Current Psychology of Cognition, 14, pp. 615-622 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030700719&doi=10.1016%2fS0028-3932%2897%2900059-6&partnerID=40&md5=d44a384779a05bf7f91412223fab4149 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social differences in health: Life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - AM. J. PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 87 IS - 9 SP - 1499 EP - 1506 PY - 1997 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Hertzman, C. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Manor, O. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Hlth. Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine whether social differences in health persist or widen during early adulthood. Methods. A longitudinal follow-up of the 1958 British birth cohort was investigated, using social class at birth and six health measures at ages 23 and 33. A slope of inequality was estimated to represent social differences in health. Results. Social gradients in health were evident by age 23: the prevalence of poor health increased with decreasing social position. This was observed for several but not all health indicators. Social gradients persisted to age 33. The slope of inequality was greatest for malaise (odds ratio [OR] = 3.37 for men, 3.21 for women) and obesity (OR = 4.80 for men and 2.84 for women), both at age 23, and for self-rated health in women at age 23 (OR = 2.94) and age 33 (OR = 3.22). Inequality increased significantly between ages 23 and 33 for limiting illness in men, and lessened, although not significantly, for malaise, overweight, and obesity; social gradients remained constant for self-rated health, respiratory symptoms, and asthma or wheezing. Conclusions. Social gradients in health evident in this sample by age 23 persisted to age 33. Inequalities did not appear to widen consistently, but variable findings for several health measures suggest that inequalities reproduce through different pathways. KW - adult KW - article KW - economic aspect KW - health status KW - human KW - life cycle KW - normal human KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - united kingdom KW - Adult KW - Aging KW - Asthma KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :70 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 9314803 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black Report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 373-377; Davey Smith, G., Egger, M., Socioeconomic differences in mortality in Britain and the United States (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 1079-1081; Power, C., Health and social inequality in Europe (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1153-1156; Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., Fisher, G., The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986 (1993) N Engl J Med., 329, pp. 103-108; Davey Smith, G., Egger, M., Socioeconomic differentials in wealth and health (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 105-106; House, J.S., Kessler, R.C., Herzog, A.R., Mero, R.P., Kinney, A.M., Breslow, M.J., Age, socioeconomic status and health (1990) Milbank Q., 68, pp. 383-411; West, P., Inequalities? Social class differentials in health in British youth (1988) Soc Sci Med, 27, pp. 291-296; West, P., Macintyre, S., Annandale, E., Hunt, K., Social class and health in youth: Findings from the west of Scotland twenty-07 study (1990) Soc Sci Med., 30, pp. 665-673; Blane, D., Bartley, M., Davey Smith, G., Filakti, H., Bethune, A., Harding, S., Social patterning of medical mortality in youth and early adulthood (1994) Soc Sci Med., 39, pp. 361-366; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London, England: Chapman Hall; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh, Scotland: Livingstone; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London, England: National Children's Bureau; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1975) From Birth to Seven, , London, England: Longman; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , London, England: Macmillan; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, England: Longman; (1970) Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms, , London, England: Medical Research Council; Power, C., Bartley, M., Health and health service use (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , Ferri E, ed. London, England: National Children's Bureau; Kunst, A.E., Mackenbach, J.P., International variation in the size of mortality differences associated with occupational status (1994) Int J Epidemiol., 23 (4), pp. 1-9; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Soc Sci Med., 45, pp. 761-771; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, , New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc;; Johnson, P., Reed, H., (1996) Two Nations? The Inheritance of Poverty and Affluence, p. 53. , London, England: Economic and Social Research Council/Institute of Fiscal Studies; Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., (1993) Health Survey of England 1992, , London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Phillimore, P., Beattie, A., Townsend, P., Widening inequality of health in northern England (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1125-1128; MacLoone, P., Boddy, F.A., Deprivation and mortality in Scotland 1981 and 1991 (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1465-1470; Rahkonen, O., Arber, S., Lahelma, E., Health inequalities in early adulthood: A comparison of young men and women in Britain and Finland (1995) Soc Sci Med., 41, pp. 163-171; Ford, G., Ecob, R., Hunt, K., Macintyre, S., West, P., Patterns of class inequality in health through the lifespan: Class gradients at 15, 35, and 55 years in the west coast of Scotland (1994) Soc Sci Med., 39, pp. 1037-1050; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: A nine-year follow-up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) Am J Epidemiol., 117, pp. 292-304; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessed health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) Int J Epidemiol., 20, pp. 239-245; Idler, E.L., Angel, R.J., Self-rated health and mortality in the NHANES-1 epidemiologic follow-up study (1990) Am J Public Health, 80, pp. 446-452; Smith, A.L., Weissman, M.M., Epidemiology (1992) Handbook of Affective Disorders, 8, pp. 111-129. , Paykel ES, ed. Edinburgh. Scotland: Churchill Livingstone; Blaxter, M., A comparison of measures of inequality in morbidity (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, 10, pp. 199-230. , Fox J. ed. Aldershot, England: Gower; Obesity (1983) J K Coll Physicians Lond., 17 (1), p. 5; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Young Adults in Great Britain, , London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Officel; Flegal, K.M., Harlan, W.R., Landis, J.R., Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult women (1988) Am J Clin Nutr., 48, pp. 535-543; Flegal, K.M., Harlan, W.R., Landis, J.R., Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adult men (1988) Am J Clin Nutr., 48, pp. 544-551; Palta, M., Comparison of self reported and measured height and weight (1982) Am J Epidemiol., 115, pp. 223-230; Carpenter, L., Beral, V., Strachan, D., Ebikryston, K.L., Inskip, H., Respiratory symptoms as predictors of 27 year mortality in a representative sample of British adults (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 357-361; Britten, N., Davies, J.M.C., Colley, J.R.T., Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 1317-1320; Strachan, D.P., Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peckham, C., Asthma as a link between chest illness in childhood and chronic cough and phlegm in young adults (1988) BMJ, 296, pp. 890-893; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peckham, C.S., Risk factors for asthma up to 16 years of age: Evidence from a national cohort study (1987) Chest, 91 S, pp. 127S-130S; Mitchell, E.A., Stewart, A.W., Pattemore, P.K., Innes Asher, M., Harrison, A.C., Rea, H.H., Socioeconomic status in childhood asthma (1989) Int J Epidemiol., 18, pp. 888-890; Cox, B.D., Blaxter, M., Buckle, A.L.J., (1987) The Health and Lifestyle Survey, , London, England: Health Promotion Research Trust; Wagstaff, A., Paci, P., Van Doorslaer, E., On the measurement of inequalities in health (1991) Soc Sci Med., 33, pp. 545-557 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030778884&partnerID=40&md5=fb60ee18f66ae2a9c5ee6c9ab355e457 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Secular change in psychosocial risks: The case of teenage motherhood T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - PSYCHOL. MED. VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 1129 EP - 1144 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1017/S0033291797005576 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Maughan, B. AU - Lindelow, M. AD - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Univ. College London Medical School, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, London, United Kingdom AD - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AB - Background. Many social and demographic correlates of psychiatric disorder have shown marked secular changes in recent decades. This study was designed to explore some of the implications of these trends, focusing on the illustrative case of teenage motherhood. Method. Prospective data from two British birth cohort studies (the 1946 and 1958 cohorts) were used to examine the social, educational and behavioural precursors of teenage versus older age at motherhood, and the implications of teenage motherhood for women's later marital and social circumstances and risks of psychiatric morbidity, in samples born 12 years apart. Results. Educational and social disadvantage were associated with similarly increased risks of teenage motherhood in both cohorts, but the findings suggested an additional association with teacher-rated adolescent conduct problems in the more recent sample. Rates of teacher-rated emotional problems were not elevated among teenage mothers in either cohort. In adult life, teenage motherhood was associated with a range of adverse social outcomes, including partnership breakdowns, large family size, and poorer housing conditions. Relative risks of these adult adversities were similar for teenage mothers in the two cohorts, but absolute levels of adversity were higher in the more recent sample, reflecting general secular changes in many of the indicators involved. In the later, but not the earlier, cohort, teenage motherhood was also associated with increased risks for psychiatric morbidity in adulthood. Conclusions. The findings underline the importance of taking account of secular trends in examining the impact of psychosocial risks. KW - adolescent KW - adolescent pregnancy KW - adult KW - article KW - controlled study KW - education KW - family size KW - female KW - housing KW - human KW - human experiment KW - mental disease KW - normal human KW - risk assessment KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Rate KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Effect KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Databases, Factual KW - Domestic Violence KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Health KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Mental Health KW - Odds Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Behavior Disorders KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :57 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 9300517 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Maughan, B.; MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Abrahamse, A.F., Morrison, P.A., Waite, L.J., Teenagers willing to consider single parenthood: Who is at greatest risk? (1988) Family Planning Perspectives, 20, pp. 13-18; Adams, B., Ghodsian, M., Richardson, K., Evidence for a low upper limit of heritability of mental test performance in a national sample of twins (1976) Nature, 263, pp. 314-316; Aseltine, R.H., Kessler, R.C., Marital disruption and depression in a community sample (1993) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 34, pp. 237-251; Baltes, P.B., Longitudinal and cross-sectional sequences in the study of age and generation effects (1968) Human Development, 11, pp. 145-171; Bardone, A.M., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Dickson, N., Silva, P.A., Adult mental health and social outcomes of adolescent girls with depression and conduct disorder (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 811-829; Bebbington, P.E., Hurry, J., Tennant, C., The Camberwell Community Survey: A summary of results (1991) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, pp. 195-201; Bromberger, J.T., Matthews, K.A., Employment status and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: A longitudinal investigation (1994) American Journal of Public Health, 84, pp. 202-206; Brown, G.W., Harris, T., (1978) The Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , Tavistock Publications: London; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Morality, , Livingstone; Coleman, D.A., Population (1988) British Social Trends since 1900: A Guide to the Changing Social Structure of Britain, pp. 33-134. , ed. A. H. Halsey, Macmillan: London; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, G., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman in Association with National Children's Bureau: London; Douglas, J.W.B., Ross, J.M., Simpson, H.R., (1968) All Our Future: A Longitudinal Study of Secondary Education, , Peter Davies: London; Elander, J., Rutter, M., Use and development of the Rutter Parent and Teacher Scales (1996) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, pp. 1-16; Elster, A.B., Ketterlinus, R., Lamb, M.E., Association between parenthood and problem behavior in a national sample of adolescents (1990) Paediatrics, 85, pp. 1044-1050; Ensminger, M.E., Sexual activity and problem behaviors among black, urban adolescents (1990) Child Development, 61, pp. 2032-2046; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau: London; Fogelman, K., (1976) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, , National Children's Bureau: London; Fraser, A.M., Brockert, J.E., Ward, R.H., Association of young maternal age with adverse reproductive outcomes (1995) New England Journal of Medicine, 332, pp. 1113-1117; Furstenberg, F.F., Brooks-Gunn, J., Chase-Lansdale, L., Teenaged pregnancy and child-bearing (1989) American Psychologist, 44, pp. 313-320; Halsey, A.H., (1988) British Social Trends since 1900: A Guide to the Changing Social Structure of Britain, , Macmillan: London; Harrington, R.C., Affective disorders (1994) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches, 3rd. Edn., pp. 330-351. , ed. M. Rutter, E. Taylor and L. Hersov, Blackwell Scientific: Oxford; Harris, T., Brown, G.W., Bifulco, A., Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: A tentative overall model (1990) Development and Psychopathology, 2, pp. 311-328; Heim, A.W., (1967) Manual of the AH4 Group Test of General Intelligence, , National Foundation for Educational Research: Windsor; Hess, L.E., Changing family patterns in Western Europe: Opportunity and risk factors for adolescent development (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 104-193. , ed. M. Rutter and D. J. Smith, Wiley: Chichester; Horowitz, S.M., Klerman, L.V., Kuo, H.S., Jekel, J.F., Intergenerational transmission of school-age parenthood (1991) Family Planning Perspectives, 23, pp. 168-172; Kendall, M.G., Stuart, A., (1973) The Advanced Theory of Statistics, , Hafner Publishing Company: New York; Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Swartz, M., Blazer, D.G., Nelson, C.B., Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence (1993) Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, pp. 85-96; Kiernan, K., Teenage motherhood - Associated factors and consequences - The experiences of a British birth cohort (1980) Journal of Biosocial Science, 12, pp. 393-405; Kiernan, K.E., (1995) Transition to Parenthood: Young Mothers, Young Fathers - Associated Factors and Later Life Experiences, , Welfare State Programme Discussion paper WSP/113. London School of Economics: London; Kiernan, K., Eldridge, S.M., Age at marriage: Inter and intra cohort variation (1987) British Journal of Sociology, 38, pp. 44-63; Kovacs, M., Krol, R.S.M., Voti, L., Early onset psychopathology and the risk for teenage pregnancy among clinically referred girls (1994) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, pp. 106-113; Macfarlane, A., Mugford, M., (1984) Birth Counts: Statistics of Pregnancy and Childbirth, , Her Majesty's Stationery Office: London; Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Adopted and illegitimate children growing up (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, pp. 36-61. , ed. L. N. Robins & M. Rutter, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; Quinton, D., Pickles, A., Maughan, B., Rutter, M., Partners, peers, and pathways: Assortative pairing and continuities in conduct disorder (1993) Developmental Psychopathology, 5, pp. 763-783; Rajala, U., Uusimaki, A., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Kivela, S.L., Prevalence of depression in a 55-year old Finnish population (1994) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 29, pp. 126-130; Robins, L.N., Regier, D., (1990) Psychiatric Disorders in America, , The Free Press: New York; Robins, L.N., Price, R.K., Adult disorders predicted by childhood conduct problems: Results from the NIMH Epidemiological Catchment Area Project (1991) Psychiatry, 54, pp. 116-132; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.A., The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: A national population survey (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; Rutter, M., A childrens behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Smith, D.J., (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, , Wiley: Chichester; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longmans: London; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Yule, W., Graham, P., Whitmore, K., Research Report: Isle of Wight Studies 1964-1974 (1976) Psychological Medicine, 6, pp. 313-332; Schaie, K.W., A general model for the study of developmental problems (1965) Psychological Bulletin, 64, pp. 92-107; Shah, B.V., Barnwell, B.G., Hunt, P.N., LaVange, L.M., (1992) SUDAAN User's Manual: Professional Software for Survey Data Analysis for Multi-stage Sample Designs, , Research Triangle Institute: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Shepherd, P., Appendix 1: Analyses of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-188. , ed. E. Ferri, National Children's Bureau: London; Simms, M., Smith, C., (1986) Teenage Mothers and Their Partners, , HMSO: London; Smith, D.J., Youth crime and conduct disorders (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 389-489. , ed. M. Rutter and D. J. Smith, Wiley: Chichester; Smith, T., Influence of socioeconomic factors on attaining targets for reducing teenage pregnancies (1993) British Medical Journal, 306, pp. 1232-1235; Wadsworth, M., (1979) Roots of Delinquency: Infancy, Adolescence and Crime, , Martin Robertson: London; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Clarendon Press: Oxford; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.J.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Wedge, P., The second follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 34-39; Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974) Present State Examination, , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; Yamaguchi, K., Kandel, D., Drug use and other determinants of premarital pregnancy and its outcome: A dynamic analysis of competing life events (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 257-270; Zoccolillo, M., Co-occurrence of conduct disorder and its adult outcomes with depressive and anxiety disorders: A review (1992) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, pp. 547-556 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030800899&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291797005576&partnerID=40&md5=00fdbb4dc243fb1d0085cd2f69b50b00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparing measures of health inequality T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - SOC. SCI. MED. VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 761 EP - 771 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00412-1 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Manor, O. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Power, C. AD - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University and Hadassah, POB 1172, Jerusalem 91010, Israel AD - Institute of Child Health, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Several methods are available to measure social inequalities in health. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, in particular the odds ratio, the slope and alpha. These methods are illustrated using data from subjects in the 1958 British birth cohort. The inequality measures are compared using health status at ages 23 and 33. Six health indicators are examined, including self-rated health, limiting long-standing illness, psychological health, respiratory symptoms, asthma and obesity. Two social indicators are compared, namely class at birth and educational qualifications. Conclusions do not differ substantially using the three methods for measuring inequality. However, consistent differences were evident between the measures of social position, with greater inequalities apparent for educational qualifications. Choice of social indicator therefore appears to be of primary importance in measuring health inequality. KW - Education KW - Health inequality KW - Social class KW - academic achievement KW - adult KW - article KW - asthma KW - cohort analysis KW - health status KW - human KW - obesity KW - psychologic assessment KW - respiratory system KW - self report KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Morbidity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Social Class KW - health inequality KW - inequality measurement KW - medical geography KW - methodological approach KW - socioeconomic status N1 - Cited By :75 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 9226799 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Manor, O.; Sch. Public Hlth. Community Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, POB 1172, Jerusalem 91010, Israel N1 - References: Agresti, A., Generalized odds ratio for ordinal data (1980) Biometrics, 36, pp. 59-67; Agresti, A., (1984) Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data, , Wiley, New York; Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical Data Analysis, , Wiley, New York; Aiach, P., Curtis, S., Social inequalities in self reported morbidity: Interpretation and comparison of data from Britain and France (1990) Social Science & Medicine, 31, pp. 267-274; Arber, S., Social class, non-employment, and chronic illness: Continuing the inequalities in health debate (1987) British Medical Journal, 294, pp. 1069-1073; Arber, S., Ginn, J., Gender and later life: A sociological analysis of resources and constraints (1991) 1991 British Sociological Association Conference, , Manchester; Armstrong, B.G., Sloan, M., Ordinal regression models for epidemiologic data (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, pp. 191-204; Atkinson, A.B., On the measurement of inequality (1970) Journal of Economic Theory, 2, pp. 244-263; Bishop, Y.M.M., Finberg, S.E., Holland, P.W., (1975) Discrete Multivariate Analysis, , MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; Blaxter, M., (1990) Health and Lifestyles, , Tavistock, London; Bross, I.D.J., How to use ridit analysis (1958) Biometrics, 14, pp. 18-38; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Dahl, E., Social inequalities in ill-health: The significance of occupational status, education and income -results from a Norwegian survey (1994) Sociology of Health and Illness, 16, pp. 644-667; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1975) From Birth to Seven, , Longman/National Children's Bureau, London; Edwards, A.W.F., The measure of association in a 2x2 table (1963) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 126, pp. 109-114; Elo, I., Preston, S.H., Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-85 (1996) Social Science & Medicine, 42, pp. 47-57; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Fielding, A., Scoring functions for ordered classifications in statistical analysis (1993) Quality and Quantity, 27, pp. 1-17; Fleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical Analysis for Rates and Proportions, 2nd Edn., , Wiley, New York; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , Macmillan, London; Ford, G., Ecob, R., Hunt, K., MacIntyre, S., West, P., Patterns of class inequality in health through the lifespan: Class gradients at 15, 35, and 55 years in the west coast of Scotland (1994) Social Science & Medicine, 39, pp. 1037-1050; Gilula, Z., Grouping and association in two-way contingency tables: A canonical correlation analytic approach (1986) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81, pp. 773-779; Goldblatt, P., (1990) Longitudinal Study: Mortality and Social Organisation 1971-1981, , OPCS LS No.6. HMSO, London; Goodman, L.A., Simple models for the analysis of association in cross-classification having ordered categories (1979) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, pp. 537-552; Goodman, L.A., Association models and canonical correlation in the analysis of cross-classifications having ordered categories (1981) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76, pp. 320-334; Goodman, L.A., Kruskal, W.H., Measures of association for cross classification (1954) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 49, pp. 732-764; Graubard, B.I., Korn, E.L., Choice of column scores for testing independence in ordered 2 x K contingency tables (1987) Biometrics, 43, pp. 471-476; Gross, S.T., On asymptotic power and efficiency of tests of independence in contingency tables with ordered classifications (1981) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76, pp. 935-941; Hájek, J., Šidák, K.Z., (1967) Theory of Ranks Tests, , Academic Press, New York; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, , Wiley, New York; House, J.S., Kessler, R.C., Herzog, A.R., Mero, R.P., Kinney, A.M., Breslow, M.J., Age, socioeconomic status and health (1990) Milbank Quarterly, 68, pp. 383-411; Koskinen, S., Time trends in cause-specific mortality by occupational class in England and Wales (1985) Proceedings of 20th General Conference of the International Union for Scientific Study of Population; Kunst, A.E., Mackenbach, J.P., International variation in the size of mortality differences associated with occupational status (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 23 (4), pp. 1-9; Kunst, A.E., Mackenbach, J.P., (1995) Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health, , WHO, Copenhagen; Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J.M., Van Den Berg, J., International variation in socioeconomic inequalities in self reported health (1995) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 49, pp. 117-123; Lahelma, E., Valkonen, T., Health and social inequities in Finland and elsewhere (1990) Social Science & Medicine, 31, pp. 257-265; Leclerc, A., Differential mortality by cause of death: Comparison between selected European countries (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, pp. 92-108. , ed. A. J. Fox. Gower, Aldershot; Leclerc, A., Lert, F., Fabien, C., Differential mortality, some comparisons between England and Wales, Finland and France based on inequalities measures (1990) International Journal of Epidemiology, 4, pp. 1-10; LeGrand, J., An international comparison of distributions of ages-at-death (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, pp. 75-91. , ed. J. Fox. Gower, Aldershot; LeGrand, J., Rabin, M., Trends in British health inequality, 1931-1983 (1986) Public and Private Health Services, , eds A. J. Culyer and B. Jonsson. Blackwell, Oxford; Lehmann, E.L., (1975) Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks, , Holden-Day, San Francisco; Lundberg, O., Class and health: Comparing Britain and Sweden (1986) Social Science & Medicine, 23, pp. 511-517; MacIntyre, S., West, P., Lack of class variation in health in adolescence: An artefact of an occupational measure of social class? (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32, pp. 395-402; Macran, S., Clarke, L., Sloggett, A., Bethune, A., Women's socio-economic status and self assessed health: Identifying some disadvantaged groups (1994) Sociology of Health and Illness, 16 (2), pp. 182-208; Mantel, N., Ridit analysis and related ranking procedures use at your own risk (1979) American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, pp. 25-29; Matthews, S., (1995) Do Health Inequalities Widen between Ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 Birth Cohort?, , M.Sc. Social research methods and statistics dissertation, City University London; (1970) Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms, , MRC, London; Mehta, C.R., Patel, N.R., Gray, R., Computing an exact confidence interval for the common odds ratio in several 2 by 2 contingency tables (1985) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 80, pp. 969-973; Ostberg, V., Vagero, D., Socioeconomic differences in mortality among children. Do they persist into adulthood? (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 32, pp. 403-410; Pamuk, E.R., Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England and Wales (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 17-31; Pamuk, E.R., Social-class inequality in infant mortality in England and Wales from 1921 to 1980 (1988) European Journal of Population, 4, pp. 1-21; Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., Fisher, G., The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986 (1993) New England Journal of Medicine, 329, pp. 103-108; Payne, G., Payne, J., Hyde, M., "Refuse of all classes"? Social indicators and social deprivation (1996) Sociological Research Online, 1, p. 3; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , Chapman Hall, London; Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 birth cohort American Journal of Public Health, , (in press). (in press); Preston, S.H., Haines, M.R., Pamuk, E.R., Effects of industrialisation on mortality in developed countries (1981) IUSSP 19th International Population Conference, pp. 233-254. , Solicited papers, Liege, Manilla; Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E., Gender, social class and illness among young people (1992) Social Science & Medicine, 34, pp. 649-656; Rahkonen, O., Arber, S., Lahelma, E., Health inequalities in early adulthood: A comparison or young men and women in Britain and Finland (1995) Social Science & Medicine, 41, pp. 163-171; Rose, D., (1995) A Report on Phase I of the ESRC Review of OPCS Social Classifications, , OPCS, London; Obesity (1983) Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, 17, p. 5; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London; Theil, H., (1967) Economics and Information Theory, , North Holland, Amsterdam; Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1982) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, , Penguin, Harmondworth; Vagero, D., Lundberg, O., Health inequalities in Britain and Sweden (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 35-36; Valkonen, T., Adult mortality and level of education: A comparison of six countries (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, pp. 142-160. , ed. J. Fox, Gower, Aldershot; Wagstaff, A., Van Doorslaer, E., Measuring inequalities in health in the presence of multiple-category morbidity indicators (1994) Health Economics, 3, pp. 281-291; Wagstaff, A., Van Doorslaer, E.A., Paci, P., Equity in the finance and delivery of health care: Some tentative cross-country comparisons (1989) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 5, pp. 89-112; Wagstaff, A., Paci, P., Van Doorslaer, E., On the measurement of inequalities in health (1991) Social Science & Medicine, 33, pp. 545-557; West, P., Inequalities? Social class differentials in health in British youth (1988) Social Science & Medicine, 27, pp. 291-296; (1985) Targets for Health for All, , WHO, Copenhagen UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030617510&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2896%2900412-1&partnerID=40&md5=a616c953dec289aa057fe21bccf7c778 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Becoming a young parent: A longitudinal study of associated factors T2 - British Journal of Sociology J2 - Brit. J. Sociol. VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 406 EP - 428 PY - 1997 SN - 00071315 (ISSN) AU - Kiernan, K.E. AB - Teenage fertility rates in the UK are amongst the highest in Europe and have not altered significantly in the last 15 years, but the proportion of births outside marriage has risen rapidly. In this study we used longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) to investigate the social, economic and educational backgrounds of young parents. The analysis showed there to be striking variations in the probabilities of becoming young parents but not with respect to whether the child was born within or outside marriage. Young mothers and fathers were more likely to come from economically disadvantaged families and to have lower educational attainment. Teenage mothers were more likely to have mothers who had a child in her teens and were more likely to have exhibited higher levels of emotional problems particularly in adolescence. Young women whose educational attainment scores deteriorated between childhood and adolescence had particularly high probabilities of becoming young mothers. For some teenage motherhood was unintended and the result of unprotected intercourse whilst other men and women who subsequently become young parents had expressed a preference for early parenthood whilst still at school. KW - Britain KW - Cohabitation KW - Extra-marital births KW - Fatherhood KW - Longitudinal study KW - Teenage motherhood KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - Europe KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - maternal age KW - paternal age KW - pregnancy KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Europe KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Paternal Age KW - Pregnancy N1 - Cited By :74 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 9372635 LA - English N1 - References: Bradshaw, J., (1990) Child Poverty and Deprivation in the UK, , National Children's Bureau: London; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Cherlin, A., Kiernan, K.E., The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective (1995) Journal of Child Development, 66, pp. 1614-1634; Coleman, D., New Patterns and Trends in European Fertility: International and sub-national comparisons (1996) Europe's Population in the 1990s, , D. Coleman (ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press; Coleman, D., Salt, J., (1992) The British Population: Patterns, Trends and Processes, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Fern, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing-up in Great Britain, , Papers from the National Child Development Study. London: Macmillan Press; Haskey, J., Trends in marriage and divorce, and cohort analyses of the proportions of marriages ending in divorce (1988) Population Trends, 54. , London: HMSO; Hofferth, S.L., Hayes, C.D., (1987) Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy and Childbearing, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Kiernan, K.E., Teenage motherhood: Associated factors and consequences (1980) Journal of Biosocial Science, 12 (4), pp. 393-405; The future of partnership and fertility in Europe (1993) The Future of Europe's Population, , R. Cliquet (ed.) Strasbourg: Council of Europe; (1995) Transition to Parenthood: Young Mothers, Young Fathers - Associated Factors and Later Life Experiences, , STICERD Discussion Paper No. WSP/113, London School of Economics; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts: A longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37 (3), pp. 363-380; McCran, S., Joshi, H., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing: A survival analysis (1996) Work Employment and Society, 10 (2), pp. 273-296; McRae, S., Returning to work after childbirth (1993) European Sociological Review, 9 (2), pp. 125-138; Micklewright, J., (1986) A Note on Household Income Data in NCDS3, , NCDS User Support Group Working Paper, No. 18, London: City University; Millar, J., (1989) Poverty and the Lone-Parent Family: The Challenge to Social Policy, , Aldershot: Avebury Press; (1996) Birth Statistics 1994, , Series FM1, London: HMSO; Birth Statistics, , Series FM1 (various) HMSO, London; Phoenix, A., (1991) Young Mothers?, , Oxford: Polity Press; Rutter, M.J., A Children's Behaviour Questionnaire for Completion by Teachers: Preliminary Findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 8 (1), pp. 1-11; Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health, and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection. Working Paper, 1. , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children, , London: University of London Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031216820&partnerID=40&md5=808716337eca634ac1b9c090859597ca ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smoking and asthma among 23-year-olds T2 - Journal of Asthma J2 - J. ASTHMA VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 219 EP - 226 PY - 1997 SN - 02770903 (ISSN) AU - Kaplan, B.A. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States AD - Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - Participants in a longitudinal cohort study (the National Child Development Study) were asked, at the age of 23, about their smoking habits and asthmatic experiences since 16 years of age. Of the total sample (n = 8860) 10.8% reported smoking cigarettes, and the percentages were very similar in the two sexes although males tended to be heavier smokers. There was an association between asthma and smoking; more than expected of those reported as having asthma at any age had smoked, and of those with asthma since 16 years of age more reported smoking than expected by chance. In addition, all who report asthma at any time since the age of 16 are overrepresented among those who report current smoking (p < 0.001). Those reporting asthma since 16 are more likely to be living with others who smoke, and their spouses or partners were more likely to be heavy smokers (30+ cigarettes per day). In addition, in more than the expected number of homes where asthmatics live, there are others who smoke (p < 0.003). KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - asthma KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - passive smoking KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - smoking habit KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOUAD C2 - 9168849 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kaplan, B.A.; Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States N1 - References: Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peckham, C.J., Risk factors for asthma up to 16 years of age (1988) Chest, 91 (1987 SUPPL.), pp. 127S-130S; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Fogelman, K., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent development of the child (1980) Child, 6, pp. 233-249; Kaplan, B., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial correlates of asthma in a national sample of young adults (1989) J Biosoc Sci, 21, pp. 475-482; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Ross, E.M., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: Its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality (1972) Br Med J, 2, pp. 127-130; Pearson, R., Richardson, K., Smoking habits of 16 year olds in the NCDS (1978) Public Health (Lond), 92, pp. 136-144; Kaplan, B., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Varying biosocial correlates of asthma and wheezy bronchitis (1989) Med Anthropol Q, 3 (2), pp. 175-189 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031008428&partnerID=40&md5=ac61a1e99e8c8062d692ecb08845123c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines J2 - J. CHILD PSYCHOL. PSYCHIATRY ALLIED DISCIP. VL - 38 IS - 5 SP - 575 EP - 580 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01544.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, S.Y. AU - Buchanan, A. AD - Dept. Appl. Social Studs. and Res., University of Oxford, Barnett House, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom AB - Data from the National Child Development Study are used to assess the risk of high Malaise scores (indicating a tendency towards depression) amongst young adults at age 23 and 33. Results indicate that adults who have been in care are more likely to have high Malaise scores than are those who have not been in care. For men this risk increases as they grow older. Those with an early experience of social disadvantage are also more vulnerable to a high Malaise score than those not so disadvantaged. Overall, when other factors are controlled, the risk of a high Malaise score in adulthood is significantly greater for young adults who have been in care than those who have experienced severe social disadvantage in their childhood, except for women at age 33, where an early experience of social disadvantage carries a greater risk than the care experience. KW - Children in public care KW - Malaise inventory KW - National Child Development Study KW - Risk of depression KW - Social disadvantage KW - adult KW - article KW - controlled study KW - depression KW - female KW - high risk population KW - human KW - malaise KW - male KW - normal human KW - sex difference KW - social care KW - social isolation KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Child KW - Depressive Disorder KW - Female KW - Foster Home Care KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Personality Development KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Adjustment N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPPDA C2 - 9255701 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Buchanan, A.; Dept. Applied Social Stud. and Res., University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom N1 - References: Adams, J., Adams, M., Effects of negative life events and negative perceived problem-solving alternatives on depression in adolescents: A prospective study (1993) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, pp. 743-749; Bebbington, A., Miles, J., The background of children who enter local authority care (1989) British Journal of Social Work, 19, pp. 349-368; Bebbington, A., Quine, L., A comment on Hirst's evaluating the Malaise Inventory (1987) Social Psychiatry, 22, pp. 5-7; Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., Wade, J., (1992) Prepared for Living, a Survey of Young People Leaving Care of Three Local Authorities, , London: National Children's Bureau; Brown, G.W., Harris, T., (1978) Social Origins of Depression: a Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , London: Tavistock; Buchanan, A., (1994) Partnership in Practice. Children Act, , Aldershot, U.K./Southampton: Avebury; Buchanan, A., Young people's views on being looked after in out-of-home-care under the Children Act 1989 (1995) Children and Youth Services Review, 17, pp. 681-696; Buchanan, A., Wheal, A., Walder, D., Macdonald, S., Coker, R., (1993) Answering Back. Report by Young People Being Looked after on the Children Act 1989, , Southampton: CEDR, University of Southampton; Cheung, S.Y., Heath, A., After care. The education and occupations of adults who have been in care (1994) Oxford Review of Education, 20, pp. 361-374; Essen, J., Lambert, L., Head, J., School attainment in children who have been in care (1976) Child Care, Health and Development, 2, pp. 339-351; Fisher, M., Marsh, P., Phillips, D., Sainsbury, E.E., (1986) In and out of Care - the Experience of Children, Parents and Social Workers, , London: Batsford, BAAF; Fletcher, B., (1993) Not Just a Name. the Views of Young People in Foster and Residential Care, , London: National Consumer Council; Garnettm, L., (1992) Leaving Care and after, , London: National Children's Bureau; Grantm, G., Nolanm, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 170-178; Harrington, R.C., Annotation: The natural history and treatment of child and adolescent affective disorders (1992) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, pp. 1287-1302; Harrington, R.C., Fudge, H., Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Hill, J., Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression: I Psychiatric status (1990) Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, pp. 467-473; Heath, A., Colton, M., Aldgate, J., The education of children in and out of care (1989) British Journal of Social Work, 19, pp. 447-460; Heath, A., Colton, M., Aldgate, J., Failure to escape. a longitudinal study of foster children's educational attainment (1994) British Journal of Social Work, 24, pp. 241-260; Higgins, E.T., Self discrepancy. a theory relating to self and affect (1987) Psychological Review, 94, pp. 319-340; Hirst, M., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory: An item analysis (1983) Social Psychiatry, 18, pp. 181-184; Lambert, L., Essen, J., Head, J., Variations in behaviour ratings of children who have been in care (1977) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18, pp. 335-346; Lewinsohn, P., Hops, H., Roberts, R., Seeley, J., Andrews, J., Adolescent psychopathology: I Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students (1993) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, pp. 133-144; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., An evaluation of the Malaise Inventory (1986) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 30, pp. 147-152; Millham, S., Bullock, R., Hosie, K., Haak, M., (1986) Lost in Care. The Problem of Maintaining Links between Children in Care and Their Families, , Aldershot, U.K.: Gower; Monck, E., Graham, P., Richman, N., Dobbs, R., Adolescent girls II: Background factors in anxiety and depressive states (1994) British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp. 770-780; Packman, J., Randall, J., Jacques, N., (1986) Who Needs Care? Social Work Decisions about Children, , Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape from Disadvantage, , London: Falmer Press; Pound, A., Puckering, C., Cox, T., Mills, M., The impact of maternal depression on young children (1988) British Journal of Psychotherapy, 4, pp. 240-252; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatric and Perinatal, 6, pp. 81-110; Power, C., Manor, O., Explaining social class differences in psychological health among young adults: A longitudinal perspective (1992) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, pp. 284-292; Randall, G., (1989) Homeless and Hungry, , London: Centrepoint; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; Robins, L., Rutter, M., (1991) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; Rolf, J., Masten, A., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K., Weintraub, S., (1992) Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Ryan, M.N., Williamson, D., Iyengar, S., Orvashel, H., Reich, T., Dahl, R., Puig Antich, J., A secular increase in child and adolescent onset affective disorder (1992) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, pp. 600-605; Sinclair, R., (1984) Decision Making in Statutory Reviews on Children in Care, , Aldershot, U.K.: Gower; Stein, M., Carey, K., (1986) Leaving Care, , Oxford: Blackwell; Thorpe, K., Golding, J., MacGillivray, I., Greenwood, Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 875-878. , April 13; Triseliotis, J., Russell, J., (1984) Hard to Place. The Outcome of Adoption and Residential Care, , London: Heinemann; Vernon, J., Fruin, D., In care. A study of social work decision making. In Department of Health and Social Security (1985) Social Work Decisions in Child Care, , London: HMSO; Wedge, P., Essen, J., (1982) Children in Adversity, , London: Pan Books; Wedge, P., Prosser, H., (1973) Born to Fail?, , London: Arrow Books UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030757264&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.1997.tb01544.x&partnerID=40&md5=0192670bc17a1cfa211aa25eb45d6a21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Women's reproductive health: The role of body mass index in early and adult life T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - INT. J. OBES. VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 432 EP - 438 PY - 1997 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Lake AU - Power, C. AU - Cole, T.J. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 1XJ, United Kingdom AB - BACKGROUND: Higher risks of menstrual problems and infertility have been found in underweight and overweight women but evidence is inconsistent especially in relation to the effect of age of onset of obesity. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether body mass index (BMI) in adulthood or childhood affects the reproductive health of women. METHODS: Heights, weights (at 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 y) and reproductive data were available for 5799 females in the 1958 British birth cohort study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height. Age-specific cut-offs were used to define overweight and obesity. Reproductive outcomes reported at age 33 included: menstrual problems (also reported at 16 y), hypertension in pregnancy and subfertility. RESULTS: Early menarcheal age was associated with higher risks of menstrual problems by 16 y but this relationship did not persist to 33 y. Obesity at 23 y and obesity at 7 y both independently increased the risk of menstrual problems by age 33 (OR = 1.75, OR = 1.59 respectively) after adjusting for other confounding factors. Obesity at 23 y increased the risk of hypertension in pregnancy (OR = 2.37), after adjusting for confounders. Consistent with these findings, obese women at 23 y were less likely to conceive within 12 months of unprotected intercourse after adjustment for confounders (RR = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity in early adulthood appears to increase the risk of menstrual problems, hypertension in pregnancy and subfertility. Other than menstrual problems, childhood body mass index had little impact on the reproductive health of women. KW - Body mass index KW - Fertility KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Menarche KW - Menstruation disorders KW - Obesity KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - female KW - female infertility KW - health KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - maternal hypertension KW - menarche KW - menstruation disorder KW - obesity KW - onset age KW - priority journal KW - reproduction KW - risk KW - school child KW - subfertility KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aging KW - Body Mass Index KW - Child KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Infertility, Female KW - Menstruation Disturbances KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular KW - Reproduction KW - Risk Factors KW - Women's Health N1 - Cited By :150 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 9192225 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lake, J.K.; Dept. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - Funding details: Medical Research Council, Medical Research Council N1 - Funding text: We would like to acknowledge the support of the Medical Research Council. N1 - References: Pasquali, R., Casimirri, F., The impact of obesity on hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome in premenopausal women (1993) Clin Endocrinol, 39, pp. 1-16; Yen, S.S.C., The polycystic ovary syndrome (1980) Clin Endocrinol, 12, pp. 177-208; Kiddy, D.S., Sharp, P.S., White, D.M., Scanlon, M.F., Mason, H.D., Bray, C.S., Poison, D.W., Franks, S., Differences in clinical and endocrine features between obese and non-obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: An analysis of263 consecutive cases (1990) Clin Endocrinol, 32, pp. 213-220; Rich-Edwards, J.W., Goldman, M.B., Willett, W.C., Hunter, D.J., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, E.A., Manson, J.E., Adolescent body mass index and infertility caused by ovulatory disorder (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 171, pp. 171-177; Zaadstra, B.M., Seidell, J.C., Van Noord, P.A.H., Tevelde, E.R., Habbema, J.D.F., Vrieswijk, B., Karbaat, J., Fat and female fecundity: Prospective study of body fat distribution on conception rates (1993) Br Med J, 306, pp. 484-487; Van Noord-Zaadstra, B.M., Seidel, J.C., Vrieswijk, B., Van-Noord, P.A.H., The relationship between fat distribution and fertility: A prospective study in healthy Dutch women (1991) Int J Obes, 15, p. 36; Grodstein, F., Goldman, M.B., Cramer, D.W., Body mass index and ovulatory infertility (1994) Epidemiol, 5, pp. 247-250; Hartz, A.J., Barboriak, P.N., Wong, A., Katayama, K.P., Rimm, A.A., The association of obesity with infertility and related menstrual abnormalities in women (1979) Proc Nutr Soc, 3, pp. 57-73; Combes, R., Altomare, E., Tramoni, M., Vague, J., Obesity and menstrual disorders (1979) Medical Complications of Obesity, 26, pp. 285-288. , Mancini M, Lewis B, Contaldo F (eds). Serona Symposi, Academic Press: New York; Bruni, V., Bucciantini, S., Caruso, S., Dei, M., Fiaschi, A., Lippi, G., Rosati, D., Cappelli, G., Obesity in adolescence (1985) Adolescence in Females, pp. 309-320. , Flamigni C, Venturoli S, Givens JR (eds). Year Book Medical Publisher: Chicago; Hartz, A.J., Rupley, D.C., Rimm, A.A., The association of girth measurements with disease in 32856 women (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 71-80; Green, B.B., Weiss, N.S., Daling, J.R., Risk of ovulatory infertility in relation to body weight (1988) Fertil Steril, 50, pp. 721-726; Howe, G., Westhoff, C., Vessey, M., Yeats, D., Effects of age, cigarette smoking, and other factors on fertility: Findings in a large prospective study (1985) Br Med J, 290, pp. 1697-1700; Wilcox, A., Weinberg, C., Baird, D., Caffeinated beverages and decreased fertility (1988) Lancet, 2, pp. 1453-1456; Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Bolling, K., (1995) The Health of Our Nation: Health Survey for England 1993, pp. 31-43. , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys: London; Gulliford, M.C., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Trends in body mass index in young adults in England and Scotland from 1973 to 1988 (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 187-190; Gortmaker, S.L., Dietz, W.H., Sobol, A.M., Wehler, C.A., Increasing pediatric obesity in the United States (1987) Am J Dis Childhood, 141, pp. 535-540; Shah, M., Hannan, P.J., Jeffery, R.W., Secular trend in body mass index in the adult population of three communities from the upper mid-western part of the USA: The Minnesota Heart Health Program (1991) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 499-503; Sorensen, T.I.A., Price, R.A., Secular trends in body mass index among Danish young men (1990) IntJ Obes, 14, pp. 411-419; Montemagno, U., Contaldo, F., Martinnelli, P., Votino, F., Gynaecological complications of obesity (1979) Medical Complications of Obesity, pp. 227-283. , Mancini M, Lewis B, Contaldo F (eds). Academic Press: London; Frisch, R.E., The right weight: Body fat, menarche and fertility (1994) Proc Nutr Soc, 53, pp. 113-129; Sundell, G., Milsom, I., Andersch, B., Factors influencing the prevalence of severity of dysmenorrhoea in young women (1990) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 97, pp. 588-594; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone: Edinburgh; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau: London; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , Chapman & Hall: London; Goldstein, H., A study of response rates of 16-year-olds in the NCDS (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, pp. 9-18. , Fogelman K (ed). Macmillan Press: London; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Young Adults in Great Britain, , HMSO: London; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; Joffe, M., Li, Z., Male and female factors in fertility (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 921-929; Joffe, M., Villard, L., Zhimin, L., Plowman, R., Vessey, M., Long-term recall for time-to-pregnancy (1993) Fertil Steril, 60, pp. 99-104; Joffe, M., Villard, L., Li, Z., Plowman, R., Vessey, M., A time to pregnancy questionnaire designed for long-term recall: Validity in Oxford, England (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 314-319; (1983) J R Coll Physician, 17, p. 1; Peckham, C.S., Stark, O., Simonite, V., Wolff, O.H., Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1983) Br Med J, 286, pp. 1237-1242; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W.B., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Br Med J, 283, pp. 13-17; Stone, P., Cook, D., Hutton, J., Purdie, G., Murray, H., Harcourt, L., Measurements of blood pressure, edema and proteinuria in a pregnant population of New Zealand (1995) Aust NZJ Obstet Gynaecol, 35, pp. 32-37; Ranta, P., Jouppila, P., Spalding, M., Jouppila, R., The effect of maternal obesity on labor and labor pain (1995) Anaesthesia, 50, pp. 322-326; Galtierdereure, F., Montpeyroux, F., Boulot, P., Bringer, J., Jaffiol, C., Weight excess before pregnancy - Complications and cost (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 443-448; Falsetti, L., Pasonetti, E., Mazzani, M.D., Gastaldi, A., Weight loss and menstrual cycle: Clinical and endocrinological evaluation (1992) Gynecol Endocrinol, 6, pp. 49-56; Harlow, S.D., Park, M., A longitudinal study of risk factors for the occurrence, duration and severity of menstrual cramps in a cohort of college women (1996) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 103, pp. 1134-1142; Paganini-Hill, A., Ross, R.K., Reliability of recall of drug usage and other health related information (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 116, pp. 114-122; Bean, J.A., Leeper, J.D., Wallace, R.B., Sherman, B.M., Jagger, H., Variations in the reporting of menstrual histories (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 181-185; Zielhuis, G.A., Hulscher, M.E.J.L., Florack, E.I.M., Validity and reliability of a questionnaire on fecundability (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 1151-1156; Bradlow, J., Coulter, A., Brooks, P., (1992) Patterns of Referral, , Health Services Research Unit: Oxford; Clayton, R.N., Ogden, V., Hodgkinson, J., Worswick, L., Rodin, D.A., Dyers, S., Meade, T.W., How common are polycystic ovaries in normal women and what is their significance for the fertility of the population? (1992) Clin Endocrinol, 37, pp. 127-134; Frisch, R.E., Body fat, puberty and fertility (1984) Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 59, pp. 161-188; Frisch, R.E., Fatness and fertility (1988) Sci Am, 258, pp. 88-95; Reid, R.L., Van Vugt, D.A., Weight-related changes in reproductive function (1987) Fertil Steril, 48, pp. 905-913; Cole, T.J., Weight-stature indices to measure underweight, over-weight and obesity (1991) Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status, pp. 83-111. , Himes JH (ed). Alan R Liss: New York; Freeman, J., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Weight for height indices of adiposity in childhood and early adult life (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 970-976 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030913050&partnerID=40&md5=b274fa44c1205dc8449c4aff3c330bbd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Longterm prognosis of childhood febrile convulsions with and without prophylactic treatment ST - Feberkrampers langtidsprognose med og uden profylakse T2 - Ugeskrift for Laeger J2 - Ugeskr. Laeg. VL - 159 IS - 23 SP - 3598 EP - 3602 PY - 1997 SN - 00415782 (ISSN) AU - Knudsen, F.U. AU - Pærregaard, A. AU - Andersen, R. AU - Andresen, J. AD - Amtssygehuset i Glostrup, Børneafdelingen, Denmark AD - Børneafdelingen, Amtssygehuset i Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark AB - This is a long-term follow-up of occurrence of epilepsy, neurological, motor, intellectual, cognitive, and scholastic achievements in a cohort of children with febrile convulsions (n=289), randomized in early childhood to either intermittent prophylaxis (diazepam at fever) or no prophylaxis (diazepam at seizures). At follow-up the two groups were of almost identical age (14.0 vs 14.1 years), body weight (58.2 vs. 57.2 kg), height (168.2 vs. 167.7 cm) and head-circumference (55.9 vs. 56.2 cm). The neurological examination, fine and gross motor development on Stott motor test, intellectual performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children verbal IQ (105 vs. 105), performance IQ (114 vs. 111) and full scale IQ (110 vs. 108), cognitive abilities on a neuropsychological test battery, including short and long term, auditory and visual memory, visuomotor tempo, computer reaction time, reading test, scholastic achievements and the occurrence of subsequent epilepsy were also very similar. Children with simple and complex febrile convulsions had the same benign outcome. The long term prognosis in terms of subsequent epilepsy, neurological, motor, intellectual, cognitive, and scholastic ability was not influenced by the type of treatment applied in early childhood. Preventing new febrile convulsions appears no better in the long run than abbreviating them. KW - anticonvulsive agent KW - diazepam KW - article KW - child KW - clinical trial KW - controlled clinical trial KW - controlled study KW - febrile convulsion KW - follow up KW - human KW - infant KW - motor activity KW - neurologic examination KW - preschool child KW - prognosis KW - randomized controlled trial KW - Anticonvulsants KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Diazepam KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Motor Activity KW - Neurologic Examination KW - Prognosis KW - Seizures, Febrile N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: UGLAA C2 - 9206860 LA - Danish N1 - Correspondence Address: Knudsen, F.U.; Børneafdelingen, Amtssygehuset i Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Anticonvulsants; Diazepam, 439-14-5 N1 - References: Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 1029-1033; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prognosis in children with febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 720-727; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., (1981) Febrile Seizures, , New York: Raven Press; Roos, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the national child development study (1980) BMJ, 280, pp. 207-210; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Colding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II. Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) BMJ, 290, pp. 1311-1315; Verity, C.M., Golding, J., Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: A national cohort study (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1373-1376; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Shirts, S.B., Kurland, L.T., Factors prognostic of unprovoked seizures after febrile convulsions (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 493-498; Knudsen, F.U., Effective short-term diazepam prophylaxis in febrile convulsions (1985) J Pediatr, 106, pp. 487-490; Knudsen, F.U., Recurrence risk after first febrile seizure and effect of short term diazepam prophylaxis (1985) Arch Dis Child, 60, pp. 1045-1049; Guidelines for the management of convulsions with fever (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 634-636; Knudsen, F.U., Pærregaard, A., Andersen, R., Andresen, J., Long term outcome of prophylaxis for febrile convulsions (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 13-18; Aicardi, J., Chevrie, J.J., Convulsive status epilepticus in infants and children; a study of 239 cases (1970) Epilepsia, 11, pp. 187-197; Schiøttz-Christensen, E., (1976) Feberkramper. Studier Af æTiologi Og Følgetilstande Med Udgangspunkt i Tvillingeundersøgelser, , Kobenhavn: FADL's forlag; Knudsen, F.U., Intermittent diazepam prophylaxis in febrile convulsions (1991) Acta Neurol Scand, 83 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-24; Thorn, I., Prevention of recurrent febrile seizures: Intermittent prophylaxis with diazepam compared with continuous treatment with phenobarbital (1981) Febrile Seizures, pp. 119-126. , Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH, eds. New York: Raven Press; Lee, K., Taudorf, K., Hvorslev, V., Prophylactic treatment with valproic acid or diazepam in children with febrile convulsions (1986) Acta Paediatr Scand, 75, pp. 593-597; Rosman, N.P., Colton, T., Labazzo, J., Gilbert, P.L., Gardella, N.B., Kaye, E.M., A Controlled trial of diazepam administered during febrile illnesses to prevent recurrence of febrile seizures (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 79-84; Knudsen, F.U., Plasma-diazepam in infants after rectal administration in solution and by suppository (1977) Acta Paediatr Scand, 66, pp. 563-567; Knudsen, F.U., Rectal administration of diazepam in solution in the acute treatment of convulsions in infants and children (1979) Arch Dis Child, 54, pp. 855-857; Knudsen, F.U., Febrile seizures - Treatment and outcome (1996) Brain Dev, 18, pp. 438-449 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031548032&partnerID=40&md5=ea0ee7b4204e775e6039dfef71871ef5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of own fetal growth on reported hypertension in parous women aged 33 T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - INT. J. EPIDEMIOL. VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 562 EP - 570 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1093/ije/26.3.562 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Hennessy, E. AU - Alberman, E. AD - Dept. of Environ. and Prev. Medicine, Wolfson Inst. of Preventive Medicine, St. Bartholomew's Roy. London H., Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom AB - Background. Data from the study of the British 1958 birth cohort, National Child Development Study (NCDS), has allowed wider investigation of the relationship between retarded fetal growth and risk of adult hypertension. Methods. A history of self-reported hypertension was related to fetal growth in 3308 parous cohort members. Fetal growth, the measure used, is the difference in actual birthweight from that expected for the gestational age and subsequent adult height. The relationships were investigated both linearly and non-linearly adjusting for potential confounders. Results. After adjustment for confounding factors, including adult weight for height, retarded fetal growth was associated with reported hypertension particularly when not confined to pregnancy. The latter was also associated with accelerated fetal growth, moderate or severe hypertension in the mother when pregnant with the cohort member, being relatively taller than your mother, and lack of educational qualifications. Hypertension confined to pregnancy was more likely among women who were themselves firstborn or older at childbirth. Neither maternal smoking during cohort's gestation nor cohort member's gestational age had a significant effect. The results are consistent with previous reports that fetal growth effects are less marked if gestation is short. Conclusions. The relationships between fetal growth and subsequent hypertension are extremely complex and variable, and need to be studied allowing for deviations from growth potential. Adult weight for height remains the strongest predictor of hypertension. The results suggest that losing weight is likely to have the same proportional benefit in women with and without a history of retarded fetal growth. KW - Cohort studies KW - Fetal growth retardation KW - Height KW - Hypertension KW - Logistic models KW - Pregnancy KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - cohort analysis KW - education KW - female KW - gestational age KW - human KW - hypertension KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - smoking KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Female KW - Fetal Growth Retardation KW - Great Britain KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Odds Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular KW - Regression Analysis KW - Reproductive History KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 9222781 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hennessy, E.; Dept Environm Preventive Medicine, St Bart-Ryl London Hosp Sch Med Dent, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Barker, D.J.P., Bull, A.R., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life (1990) Br Med J, 301, pp. 259-262; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) Br Med J, 298, pp. 564-567; Martyn, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Reduced fetal growth increases risk of cardiovascular disease (1994) Health Reports, 6, pp. 45-53; Holland, F.J., Stark, O., Ades, A.E., Peckham, C.S., Birthweight and body mass index in childhood adolescence, and adulthood as predictors of blood pressure at age 36 (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 432-435; Leon, D.A., Kouplova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to reach growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 401-406; Gennser, G., Rymark, P., Isberg, P.E., Low birthweight and risk of high blood pressure in adulthood (1988) Br Med J, 296, pp. 1498-1500; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33 the Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Survey, , London: National Children's Bureau; Cox, B.D., (1987) The Health and Lifestyle Survey: A Preliminary Report of a Nationwide Survey of the Physical and Mental Health, Attitudes and Lifestyle of a Random Sample of 9003 British Adults, , London: Health Promotion Research Trust; Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Boiling, K., (1995) The Health of the Nation: Health Survey for England 1993. A Survey Carried out by the Social Survey Division of OPCS on Behalf of the Department of Health, , London: HMSO; Ryston, P., Altman, D.G., Using fractional polynomials to model curved relationships (1994) Stata Technical Bulletin, 21, pp. 11-24; (1993) Stata Reference Manual: Release 3.1 6th Edn., , College Station, TX UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030968726&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f26.3.562&partnerID=40&md5=0fe7bfc4f1dbdc0b122971283e464073 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occupational inheritance: The role of cultural capital and gender T2 - Work, Employment and Society J2 - Work Employ. Soc. VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 263 EP - 282 PY - 1997 SN - 09500170 (ISSN) AU - Egerton, M. AD - Cathy Marsh Ctr. Census Surv. Res., Manchester University, United Kingdom AD - CCSR, Dover Street Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom AB - It is known that occupational destination is influenced by family cultural resources. Most research on the effects of cultural capital, using nationally representative datasets, has concentrated on paternal occupation and education, finding that higher levels of paternal education are associated with greater educational and occupational attainment. As a result cultural capital has been put forward as a partial explanation for intergenerational class stability. It has been argued that occupational inheritance is more marked for the professional than for the managerial sector of the middle class, due to their greater cultural capital (Savage et al. 1992). This paper explores the effects of father's labour market sector (i.e. managerial or professional) and the educational attainment of both parents, using the National Child Development Study. Evidence was found: 1) that the children of professional fathers are more successful educationally than the children of managers, taking into account measured ability at age 11; and 2) that professional family origins facilitate entry into professional occupations, independently of educational attainments. The effect of gender was also explored. The relative lack of educational attainment on the part of children of managers had a more negative effect on the careers of daughters than of sons. N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Egerton, M.; CCSR, Dover Street Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom N1 - References: Blossfeld, H.-P., Shavit, Y., (1993) Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries, , Boulder: Westview Press; Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J.-C., (1977) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, , reprinted trans R. Nice London: Sage; Brown, P., Scase, R., (1994) Higher Education and Corporate Realities, , London: UCL Press; Crompton, R., Sanderson, K., Credentials and Careers: Some implications of the increase of professional qualifications among women (1986) Sociology, 20 (1), pp. 25-42; Crompton, R., Sanderson, K., (1990) Gendered Jobs and Social Change, , London: Unwin Hyman; Dale, A., (1985) The Role of Theories of Labour Market Segmentation in Understanding the Position of Women in the Occupational Structure, , Occasional Paper in Sociology and Social Policy No. 4, Sociology Dept, University of Surrey; Dale, A., Occupational inequality, gender and the life-cycle (1987) Work, Employment and Society, 1 (3), pp. 326-351; Davidson, M.J., Cooper, G.L., (1992) Shattering the Glass Ceiling: The Woman Manager, , London: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd; Dex, S., (1987) Women's Occupational Mobility: A Lifetime Perspective, , London: Macmillan; Egerton, M., Halsey, A.H., Trends by Social Class and Gender in Access to Higher Education in Britain (1993) Oxford Review of Higher Education, 91 (2), pp. 183-196; Egerton, M., Occupational Inheritance: The role of education and gender (1994) WES Conference, , paper given University of Canterbury, Kent; Egerton, M., (1996) Occupational Inheritance: The Role of Education and Gender, , CCSR Occasional Paper No. 8, CCSR, FESS, University of Manchester; Fogelman, K., Social Class and Family Size (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Papers Form the National Child Development Study, pp. 27-44. , Ch. II, London: MacMillan; Goldstein, H., Assessing Group Differences (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (2), pp. 141-150; Goldthorpe, J.H., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure of Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Halsey, A.H., Towards Meritocracy? (1977) Power and Ideology in Education, , The case of Britain in J. Karabel and A. H. Halsey (eds) Oxford: OUP; Halsey, A.H., Heath, A.F., Ridge, J., (1980) Origins and Destinations; Family, Class and Education in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Heath, A.F., Mills, C., Roberts, J., Towards Meritocracy? Recent evidence on an Old Problem (1992) Social Research and Social Reform, pp. 217-244. , Colin Crouch, Anthony Heath (eds) Oxford: Clarendon Press; Hout, M., Raftery, A.E., Bell, E.O., Making the grade: Educational stratification in the United States 1925-1989 (1993) Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries, pp. 25-49. , H.-P. Blossfeld and Y. Shavit (eds) Boulder: Westview Press; Kelsall, R.K., Poole, A., Kühn, A., (1972) Graduates: The Sociology of An Elite, , London: Methuen; Kerckhoff, A.C., Trott, J.M., Educational Attainment in a Changing Educational System: The Case of England and Wales (1993) Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries, pp. 133-153. , H.-P. Blossfeld and Y. Shavit (eds) Boulder: Westview Press; McGurk, H., (1975) Growing and Changing, , London: Methuen; Mare Robert, D., Change and Stability in Educational Stratification (1981) American Sociological Review, 46, pp. 72-87; Mare, R.D., Educational Stratification on Observed and Unobserved Components of Family Background (1993) Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries, , Y. Shavit and H.-P. Blossfeld (eds) Oxford, Westview Press; Mills, C., Managerial and Professional work-histories (1995) Social Change and the middle Classes, pp. 95-116. , Tim Butler and Mike Savage (eds) London: UCL Press; Mueller, W., Karle, W., Konig, W., Luttinger, P., (1988) Education and Class Mobility, , Casmin Working Paper No. 14; Mueller, W., Karle, W., (1990) Social Selection in Educational Systems in Europe, , Paper given at the ISA Research Committee on Social Stratification, XIIth World Congress of Sociology, Madrid, July 9-13, 1990; Payne, C.D., (1987) The Generalised Linear Interactive Modelling System (3.77), , Oxford: NAG and Royal Statistical Society; (1963) Higher Education: Report of the Committee Appointed by the Prime Minister under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins 1961-63, , Cmnd. 2154; Robert, P., Educational transition in Hungary from the post-war period to the end of the 1980s (1991) European Sociological Review, 7 (3), pp. 213-236; Savage, M., Barlow, J., Dickens, P., Fielding, T., (1992) Property, Bureaucracy and Culture: Middle Class Formation in Contemporary Britain, , London: Routledge; Thomas, T., Graduate Recruitment in a Changing Labour Market (1994) Insights into Education and Training, , National Commission on Education, London: Heinemann; Whitley, R., The City and Industry: The directors of large companies, their characteristics and connections (1974) Elites and Power in British Society, , P. Stanworth and A. Giddens (eds) Cambridge: CUP UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0009102046&partnerID=40&md5=ec5b52d9a919dec6e391bfa86d9184d4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early motherhood in an intergenerational perspective: The experiences of a British cohort T2 - Journal of Marriage and Family J2 - J. Marriage Fam. VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 263 EP - 279 PY - 1997 SN - 00222445 (ISSN) AU - Manlove, J. AD - Child Trends, Inc., 4301 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20008, United States AB - Using nationally representative longitudinal data from Great Britain, this study examines the fertility patterns of daughters of teen mothers. It tests several mechanisms to help explain how early motherhood is reproduced across generations, including an earlier inherited age of menarche, poor family and educational environments, and an early ideal age of childbearing among daughters of teen mothers. Some support is provided for all mechanisms except for an early inherited age at menarche. Even after controlling for family, school, and individual factors, daughters of teen mothers were more likely to have a birth in their teens and into their early 20s. KW - Intergenerational effects KW - Teen motherhood N1 - Cited By :80 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JMFAA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Manlove, J.; Child Trends, Inc., 4301 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20008, United States; email: jmanlove@childtrends.org N1 - References: Abrahamse, A.F., Morrison, P.A., Waite, L., (1988) Beyond Stereotypes: Who Becomes a Single Teenage Mother?, , Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation; Allison, P.D., (1984) Event History Analysis, , Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; Anderson, D.K., Adolescent mothers drop out (1993) American Sociological Review, 58, pp. 735-738; Astone, N.M., Are adolescent mothers just single mothers? (1993) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, pp. 353-371; Baldwin, W., Cain, V.S., The children of teenage parents (1981) Teenage Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing, pp. 265-279. , F. F. Furstenberg, Jr., R. Lincoln, & J. Menken, (Eds.), Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; Belmont, L., Cohen, P., Dryfoos, J., Stein, Z., Zayac, S., Maternal age and children's intelligence (1981) Teenage Parents and Their Offspring, pp. 177-194. , K. G. Scott, T. Field, & E. G. Robertson (Eds.), New York: Grune and Stratton; Broman, S., Long-term development of children born to teenagers (1981) Teenage Parents and Their Offspring, pp. 195-224. , K. G. Scott, T. Field, & E. G. Robertson (Eds.), New York: Grune and Stratton; Brooks-Gunn, I., Chase-Landsdale, P.L., Adolescent parenthood and parenting: Development in context (1995) Handbook of Parenting, 3, pp. 113-149. , M. H. Bornstein (Ed.) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Brooks-Gunn, J., Furstenberg, F.F., Antecedents and consequences of parenting: The case of adolescent motherhood (1986) Origins of Nurturance: Developmental, Biological, and Cultural Perspectives on Caregiving, pp. 232-258. , A. Fogel & G. F. Melson, (Eds.) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Card, J.J., Long-term consequences for children of teenage parents (1981) Demography, 18, pp. 137-156; Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Population Association of America, 32, pp. 299-318; Cox, D.R., Oakes, D., (1990) Analysis of Survival Data, , New York: Chapman and Hall; (1995) Recent Demographic Developments in Europe, , Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe Press; Dornbusch, S.M., The sociology of adolescence (1989) Annual Review of Sociology, 15, pp. 233-259; Downey, D.B., When bigger is not better: Family size, parental resource, and children's educational performance (1995) American Sociological Review, 60, pp. 746-761; Dubow, E.F., Luster, T., Adjustment of children born to teenage mothers: The contribution of risk and protective factors (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 393-404; Entwisle, D.R., Hayduk, L.A., Lasting effects of elementary schools (1988) Sociology of Education, 61, pp. 147-159; Epstein, J., Single parents and the schools: Effects of marital status on parent and teacher interactions (1990) Change in Societal Institutions, pp. 91-121. , M. T. Hallinan, D. M. Klein, & J. Glass (Eds.) New York: Plenum Press; Furstenberg F.F., Jr., Brooks-Gunn, J., Morgan, S.P., (1987) Adolescent Mothers in Later Life, , Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; Furstenberg F.F., Jr., Levine, J.A., Brooks-Gunn, J., The children of teenage mothers: Patterns of early childbearing in two generations (1990) Family Planning Perspectives, 22, pp. 54-61; Gamoran, A., Berends, M., The effects of stratification in secondary schools: Synthesis of survey and ethnographic research (1987) Review of Educational Research, 57, pp. 415-435; Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., The socioeconomic consequences of teen childbearing reconsidered (1992) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, pp. 1187-1214; Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., Peterson, E., Prospects: How do the children of early childbearers fare as young adults? Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, , in press. Maynard, R. (Ed.), Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; Hayes, C.D., (1987) Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy and Childbearing, 1-2. , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Hofferth, S.L., Contraceptive decision-making among adolescents (1987) Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing, Working Papers and Statistical Appendixes, , S. L. Hofferth & C. D. Hayes (Eds.), Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Hoffman, S.D., Foster, E.M., Furstenberg F.F., Jr., Re-evaluating the costs of teenage childbearing (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 1-13; Hogan, D.P., Kitagawa, E.M., The impact of social status, family structure, and neighborhood on the fertility of black adolescents (1985) American Journal of Sociology, 90, pp. 825-855; Horowitz, S.M., Klerman, L.V., Kuo, H.S., Jekel, J.F., Intergenerational transmission of school age parenthood (1991) Family Planning Perspectives, 23, pp. 168-172; Hotz, V.J., McElroy, S.W., Sanders, S., Mothers: Effects of early childbearing on the lives of the mothers Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, , in press. R. Maynard (Ed.), Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; Jones, E.F., Forrest, J., Goldman, N., Henshaw, S., Lincoln, R., Rosoff, J., Westoff, C., Wulf, D., (1986) Teenage Pregnancy in Industrialized Countries, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Kahn, J.R., Anderson, K.E., Intergenerational patterns of teenage fertility (1992) Demography, 29, pp. 39-57; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1990) Getting Started: Transition to Adulthood in Great Britain, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1993) Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Ketterlinus, R., Lamb, M., Nitz, K., Elster, A., Adolescent nonsexual and sex-related problem behaviors (1992) Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, pp. 431-456; Kiernan, K.E., Teenage marriage and marital breakdown: A longitudinal study (1986) Population Studies, 40, pp. 35-54; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts - A longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37, pp. 363-380; Kinard, E.M., Reinherz, H., School aptitude and achievement in children of adolescent mothers (1987) Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 161, pp. 69-87; Klepinger, D.H., Lundberg, S., Plotnick, R.D., Adolescent fertility and the educational attainment of young women (1995) Family Planning Perspectives, 27, pp. 23-28; Klerman, L.V., The association between adolescent parenting and childhood poverty (1991) Children in Poverty: Child Development and Public Policy, pp. 79-104. , E. C. Huston, (Ed.), New York: Cambridge University Press; Lareau, A., (1989) Home Advantage: Social Class and Parental Intervention in Elementary Education, , Philadelphia: The Falmer Press; Males, M., School-age pregnancy: Why hasn't prevention worked? (1993) Journal of Public Health, 63, pp. 429-432; Manlove, J., (1993) The Social Reproduction of Teenage Motherhood in Great Britain, , Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Duke University, Durham, NC; Manlove, J., Breaking the cycle of disadvantage: Ties between educational attainments, dropping out, and school-age motherhood (1996) Manuscript Submitted for Publication; Maynard, R., Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, , in press. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational consequences of family disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 130-152; McRobbie, A., Teenage mothers: A new social state? (1991) Feminism and Youth Culture, pp. 220-242. , Boston: Unwin Hyman; Moore, K.A., Manlove, J., Glei, D., Morrison, D.R., Nonmarital childbearing: Family, peer, and school influences Journal of Adolescent Research, , in press; Miller, B., Glei, D., Morrison, D.R., (1995) Adolescent Sex, Contraception and Childbearing: A Review of Recent Research, , Washington, DC: Child Trends, Inc; Moore, K.A., Morrison, D.R., Greene, A.D., The effects of early childbearing on the lives of children Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, , in press. R. Maynard (Ed.), Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; Moore, K.A., Morrison, D.R., Greene, A.D., (1995) Children Born to Teenage Mothers: Analyses of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - Child Supplement and the National Survey of Children, , Washington, DC: Child Trends, Inc; Moore, K.A., Myers, D.E., Morrison, D.R., Nord, C.W., Brown, B., Edmonston, B., Age at first childbirth and later poverty (1993) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, pp. 393-422; Moore, K.A., Romano, A., Oakes, C., (1996) Facts at a Glance, , Washington. DC: Child Trends, Inc; Moore, K.A., Snyder, N.O., Cognitive attainment among firstborn children of adolescent mothers (1991) American Sociological Review, 56, pp. 612-624; (1989) Vital Statistics of the United States, 1987, Vol. 1, Natality, 1. , (No. PHS 89-1100). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; (1994) Advance Report Affinal Natality Statistics, 1993, 44 (3 SUPPL.). , Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; Newcomer, S., Udry, J.R., Parental marital status effects on adolescent sexual behavior (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 235-240; Ohannessian, C.M., Crockett, L.J., A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between educational investment and adolescent sexual activity (1993) Journal of Adolescent Research, 8, pp. 167-182; Phoenix, A., (1991) Young Mothers?, , Cambridge, MA: Polity Press; Russell, S.T., Life course antecedents of premarital conception in Great Britain (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 480-492; Scott-Jones, D., Adolescent childbearing: Risks and resilience (1991) Education and Urban Society, 24, pp. 53-64; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London, England: Social Statistics Research Unit; Slavin, R.E., Achievement effects of ability grouping in secondary schools: A best-evidence synthesis (1990) Review of Educational Re search, 60, pp. 471-499; Thornton, A., Influence of the marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitational experiences of children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 868-894; Udry, J.R., Age at menarche, at first intercourse, and at first pregnancy (1979) Journal of Biosocial Science, 17, pp. 433-441; Udry, J.R., Billy, J.O.G., Initiation of coitus in early adolescence (1987) American Sociological Review, 52, pp. 841-855; (1994) Demographic Yearbook, 1992, 44. , E/F.94.XIII.I. New York; (1995) Demographic Yearbook, 1993, 45. , No. E/F.95.XIII.I. New York; Upchurch, D.M., McCarthy, J., The timing of a first birth and high school completion (1990) American Sociological Review, 5, pp. 224-234; Zabin, L.S., Astone, N.M., Emerson, M.R., Do adolescents want babies? the relationship between attitudes and behavior (1993) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, pp. 67-86 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0039460217&partnerID=40&md5=0c9db737707a2de3c870d5f91d416b74 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Longitudinal trends in total serum cholesterol levels in a Japanese cohort, 1958-1986 T2 - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology J2 - J. CLIN. EPIDEMIOL. VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 425 EP - 434 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S0895-4356(96)00423-4 SN - 08954356 (ISSN) AU - Yamada, M. AU - Wong, F.L. AU - Kodama, K. AU - Sasaki, H. AU - Shimaoka, K. AU - Yamakido, M. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Statistics, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Second Dept. of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima Univ. School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan AD - Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 Carson St., Torrance, CA 90509, United States AB - The 28-year follow-up of a Japanese cohort, having collected vast amounts of data collected on total serum cholesterol (TC), provided an exceptional opportunity to examine TC temporal trends. The longitudinal statistical method of growth-curve analysis was used to elucidate the age-related changes in TC levels and to characterize these trends in relation to sex, birth cohort, time period, place of residence, and body mass index (BMI). Japanese TC levels at initial examination were remarkably lower than those in western countries. During the study period from 1958 to 1986, TC levels increased dramatically with age in both sexes. The slope of the cholesterol growth curve was steeper for women than for men, with the difference growing larger after age 40 years. Drastic changes in Japanese behavior and lifestyle, especially westernization of the diet, are thought to have affected the TC values as time-period effects. As a result of this temporal change, which affected different cohorts at different ages, TC values were higher in members of the younger cohort. The increase of the TC values as time-period effects were larger in earlier period than in later period. These time-period effects appeared to be almost similar in men and women. The TC growth curves also varied by city of residence. Subjects in urban areas had higher TC values than subjects in rural areas. Changes associated with BMI from 1958 to 1986 were only partially responsible for the increased steepness of the TC growth curve. KW - Growth-curve analysis KW - Japanese cohort KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Total serum cholesterol KW - cholesterol KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - behavior KW - body mass KW - cholesterol blood level KW - diet KW - female KW - geographic distribution KW - growth curve KW - human KW - information processing KW - japan KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - rural area KW - sex difference KW - statistical analysis KW - urban area KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Body Mass Index KW - Cholesterol KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Characteristics N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JCEPE C2 - 9179101 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Res. Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Cholesterol, 57-88-5 N1 - References: Kannel, W.B., Dawber, T.R., Kagan, A., Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease six-year follow-up experience. The Framingham study (1961) Ann Intern Med, 55, pp. 33-50; Kozarevic, D., McGee, D., Vojvodic, N., Serum cholesterol and mortality. The Yugoslavia cardiovascular disease study (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 114, pp. 21-28; Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys, 1960 to 1980 (1987) JAMA, 257, pp. 937-942; Iso, H., Jacobs, D.R., Wentworth, D., Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial (1989) N Engl J Med, 320, pp. 904-910; Shimamoto, T., Komachi, Y., Inada, H., Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan (1989) Circulation, 79, pp. 503-515; Experience of an international collaborative group: Circulating cholesterol level and risk of death from cancer in men aged 40 to 69 years (1982) JAMA, 248, pp. 2853-2859; Sherwin, R.W., Wentworth, D.N., Cutler, J.A., Serum cholesterol levels and cancer mortality in 361,662 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial (1987) JAMA, 257, pp. 943-948; Epstein, F.H., Low serum cholesterol, cancer and other noncardiovascular disorders (1992) Atherosclerosis, 94, pp. 1-2; Linder, F.E., Woolsey, T.D., Sagen, O.K., (1967) Serum Cholesterol Levels of Adults: United States, 1960-62, , National Center for Health Statistics. Public Health Service Publication No. 1000, Series 11, No. 22. U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, DC; Fulwood, R., Kalsbeck, W., Rifkind, B., (1986) Total Serum Cholesterol Levels of Adults 20-74 Years of Age: United States, 1976-80, , National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics, Ser. II, No. 236. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1686. U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, DC; Mann, J.I., Lewis, B., Shepherd, J., Blood lipid concentrations and other cardiovascular risk factors: Distribution, prevalence, and detection in Britain (1988) Br Med J, 296, pp. 1702-1706; Williams, D.P., Going, S.B., Lohman, T.G., Body fatness and risk for elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in children and adolescents (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 358-363; Sprafka, J.M., Norsted, S.W., Folsom, A.R., Life-style factors do not explain racial differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, The Minnesota Heart Survey (1992) Epidemiology, 3, pp. 156-163; Freedman, D.S., Cresanta, J.L., Srinivasan, S.R., Longitudinal serum lipoprotein changes in white males during adolescence: The Bogalusa Heart study (1985) Metabolism, 34, pp. 396-403; Anderson, K.M., Wilson, P.W., Garrison, R.J., Longitudinal and secular trends in lipoprotein cholesterol measurements in a general population sample, The Framingham Offspring Study (1987) Atherosclerosis, 68, pp. 59-66; Newschaffer, C.J., Bush, T.L., Hale, W.E., Aging and total cholesterol levels: Cohort, period, and survivorship effects (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 23-34; Clark, D.A., Allen, M.F., Wilson, F.H., Longitudinal study of serum lipids, 12-year report (1967) Am J Clin Nutr, 20, pp. 743-752; Garry, P.J., Hunt, W.C., Koehler, K.M., Longitudinal study of dietary intakes and plasma lipids in healthy elderly men and women (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 55, pp. 682-688; Berns, M.A.M., Vries, J.H.M.D., Katan, M.B., Determinants of the increase of serum cholesterol with age: A longitudinal study (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 789-796; Gillum, R.F., Taylor, H.L., Brozek, J., Blood lipids in young men followed 32 years (1982) J Chron Dis, 35, pp. 635-641; Kato, H., Tillotson, J., Nichaman, M.Z., Epidemiological Studies of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Japanese Men Living in Japan, Hawaii, and California. Serum Lipids and Diet, , ABCC TR 28-72; (1987) Kokumin Eisei No Doko, Showa 62, pp. 92-94. , Tokyo, Health and Welfare Statistics Association; in Japanese; (1991) Ministry of Health and Welfare: National Nutrition Survey, 1991, , Tokyo: Daiichi Shuppan Publishers; in Japanese; Hollingsworth, J.W., Beebe, G.W., ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study: Provisional Research Plan, , ABCC TR 9-60; Wong, L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1986 (1993) Radiat Res, 135, pp. 418-430; (1992) RERF Update. Hiroshima: Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 4, p. 10; Kodama, K., Mabuchi, K., Shigematsu, I., A long-term cohort study of the atomic-bomb survivors (1996) J Epidemiol, 6 (SUPPL.), pp. 95-105; Brown, G.W., Mood, A.M., On median tests for linear hypothesis (1951) Proceedings of the Second Berkley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, pp. 159-166. , Neyman J, Ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles: The University of California Press; Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H., Random-effects models for longitudinal data (1982) Biometrics, 38, pp. 963-974; Cook, N., (1982) A Fortran Program for Random-effects Models, , Technical Report, Cambridge, MA: Harvard School of Public Health, Dept. of Biostatistics; Wong, F.L., Kodama, K., Sasaki, H., Yamada, M., Hamilton, H., Longitudinal study of the association between ABO blood phenotype and total serum cholesterol level in a Japanese cohort (1992) Genet Epi, 9, pp. 405-418; Werner, G.T., Sareen, D.K., Serum cholesterol levels in the population of Punjab in north west India (1978) Am J Clin Nutr, 31, pp. 1479-1483; Conner, W.E., Cerqueira, M.T., Connor, R.W., Wallace, R.B., Malinow, M.R., Casdorph, H.R., The plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and diet of Tarahumara Indians of Mexico (1978) Am J Clin Nutr, 31, pp. 1131-1142; Jensen, J., Nilas, L., Christiansen, C., Influence of menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins (1990) Maturitas, 12, pp. 321-331; Matthews, K.A., Meilahn, E., Kuller, L.H., Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease (1989) N Engl J Med, 321, pp. 641-646; Lindquist, O., Intraindividual changes of blood pressure, serum lipids, and body weight in relation to menstrual status: Results from a prospective population study of women in Gotebörg, Sweden (1982) Prev Med, 11, pp. 162-172; Campos, H., Wilson, P.W.F., Jimenez, D., Differences in apolipoproteins and low-density lipoprotein subfractions in post-menopausal women on and off estrogen therapy: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study (1990) Metabolism, 39, pp. 1033-1038; Egeland, G.M., Kuller, L.H., Matthews, K.A., Hormone replacement therapy and lipoprotein changes during early menopause (1990) Obst Gynecol, 76, pp. 776-782; Wilson, P.W.F., Garrison, R.J., Abbott, R.D., Factors associated with lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham study (1983) Arteriosclerosis, 3, pp. 273-281; Stulb, S.C., McDonough, J.R., Greenberg, B.G., The relationship of nutrient intake and exercise to serum cholesterol levels in white males in Evans County, Georgia (1965) Am J Clin Nutr, 16, pp. 238-242; Montoye, H.J., Block, W.D., Metzner, H.L., Habitual physical activity and serum lipids: Males, age 16-64 in a total community (1976) J Chronic Dis, 29, pp. 697-709; Wood, P.D., Stefanick, M.L., Dreon, D.M., Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise (1988) N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1173-1179; Dwyer, J.H., Rieger-Ndakorerwa, G.E., Semmer, N.K., Low-level cigarette smoking and longitudinal change in serum cholesterol among adolescents. The Berlin-Bremen study (1988) JAMA, 259, pp. 2857-2862; Keys, A., Anderson, J.T., Grande, F., Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet (1965) Metabolism, 14, pp. 747-787; Grundy, S.M., Denke, M.A., Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins (1990) J Lipid Res, 31, pp. 1149-1172; Zhuang, H., Han, Q., Chen, H., Study of serum lipids and lipoproteins of healthy subjects in Shanghai (1986) Chin Med J, 99, pp. 657-659; Burke, G.L., Sprafka, J.M., Folsom, A.R., Trends in serum cholesterol levels from 1980 to 1987. The Minnesota Heart Survey (1991) N Engl J Med, 324, pp. 941-946; Hallfrisch, J., Muller, D., Drinkwater, D., Continuing diet trends in men: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (1961-1987) (1990) Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 45, pp. 186-191; Szatrowski, T.P., Peterson A.V., Jr., Shimizu, Y., Serum cholesterol, other risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in a Japanese cohort (1984) J Chron Dis, 37, pp. 569-584; Kodama, K., Shimizu, Y., Sawada, H., (1984) Incidence of Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease in the Adult Health Study Sample, 1958-78, , Technical Report 22-84, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan; Ueshima, H., Iida, M., Shimamoto, T., Multivariate analysis of risk factors stroke. Eight-year follow up study of farming villages in Akita, Japan (1980) Prev Med, 9, pp. 722-740; (1994) Kokumin Eisei No Doko, 1994, p. 47. , Tokyo: Health and Welfare Statistics Association: in Japanese UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030971341&doi=10.1016%2fS0895-4356%2896%2900423-4&partnerID=40&md5=724d69b7b0bc3daf1625986c6a7d1d49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numeracy and employment T2 - Education + Training J2 - Educ. Train. VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 43 EP - 51 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1108/00400919710164125 SN - 00400912 (ISSN) AU - Parsons, S. AU - Bynner, J. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom AB - Uses National Child Development Study (NCDS) data to examine the employment experiences of men and women assessed with poor numeracy compared with those with good numeracy skills at age 37. To uncover the extent of negative effects of having poor numeracy skills, the sample is restricted to those whose poor or good numeracy was accompanied by good literacy skills. As a further control, much of the analysis is also restricted to those who had left full-time education at age 16. Maps the proportions in full-time employment between ages 17 to 37 and demonstrates the very different labour market experiences of the two skills groups in the areas of occupation, training, promotion and income. Concludes that poor numeracy reduces employment opportunities and progress in jobs. © 1997, MCB UP Limited N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Atkinson, J., Spilsbury, M., Williams, M., (1993) The Basic Skills Needed at Work: A Directory, , Basic Skills Agency, London; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., (1994) The Basic Skills of Young Adults, , Basic Skills Agency, London; Bynner, J., Morphy, L., Parson, S., Women, employment and skills NCDS Users Support Group Working Paper No. 44, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; GCSE and GCE A and A/S examination results, 1994-95 Statistical Bulletin, , No. 96, HMSO, London; Atkinson, J., Spilsbury, M., (1993) Basic Skills and Jobs, , Basic Skills Agency, London; Bynner, J., Parsons, S., (1997) Does Numeracy Matter?, , Basic Skills Agency, London; Bynner, J., Skills and occupations NCDS Users Support Group Working Paper No. 45, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Bynner, J., Steedman, J., (1995) Difficulties with Basic Skills, , Basic Skills Agency, London; Wallace, C., (1987) For Richer and Poorer: Growing up in and out of Work, , Tavistock, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84912003054&doi=10.1108%2f00400919710164125&partnerID=40&md5=a3b983093ec6a7f36548791548a4f3b1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal-Child Health System and Perinatal Mortality in the United Arab Emirates T2 - Journal of Perinatology J2 - J. Perinatol. VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 161 EP - 163 PY - 1997 SN - 07438346 (ISSN) AU - Sedaghatian, M.R. AU - Moor, A.M.M. AD - Neonatal Department, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates AD - Mafraq Hospital, P.O. Box 2951, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates AB - The United Arab Emirates has witnessed extensive social and economic development during the past 2 decades. Significant demographic changes have also taken place mainly as a result of the continuous flow of expatriates. The development of the health care delivery system resulted in the reduction of the infant mortality rate by 25% (10.93 per thousand live births by 1992), but the perinatal mortality rate has remained almost unchanged. Although maternal and child health care has improved dramatically, its limited impact on perinatal mortality can be attributed to underutilization of maternal health centers, absence of screening programs for mothers at high risk, absence of regionalization of perinatal care centers, poor maternal and neonatal transport facilities, absence of effective referral and cooperation and interaction between hospitals and health centers, the limited number of nursing and medical staff, and, finally, underutilization of available information to support and enhance research. The national perinatal mortality survey may address and seek appropriate solutions to such problems. KW - Arab Countries KW - article KW - Asia KW - child health care KW - Demographic Factors KW - developing country KW - epidemiology KW - female KW - health KW - health care delivery KW - health service KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - male KW - Maternal-child Health Services KW - mortality KW - Neonatal Mortality--determinants KW - newborn KW - population KW - population dynamics KW - pregnancy KW - primary health care KW - Research Report KW - statistics KW - United Arab Emirates KW - Western Asia KW - Arab Countries KW - Asia KW - Delivery Of Health Care KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developing Countries KW - Health KW - Health Services KW - Infant Mortality KW - Maternal-child Health Services KW - Mortality KW - Neonatal Mortality--determinants KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Primary Health Care KW - Research Report KW - United Arab Emirates KW - Western Asia KW - Child Health Services KW - Developing Countries KW - Female KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Humans KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Maternal Health Services KW - Pregnancy KW - United Arab Emirates N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOPEE C2 - 9134518 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sedaghatian, M.R.; Mafraq Hospital, P.O. Box 2951, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates N1 - References: Noor, A.M.M., (1992) Annual Report, Demographic Profile, pp. 3-9. , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Preventive Medicine Department, Ministry of Health; Buckell, E.W.C., Wessex perinatal mortality survey 1982 (1985) BMJ, 92, pp. 550-558; Alberman, E., Prospect for better perinatal health (1980) Lancet, 1, pp. 189-192; Chalmers, I., Short, black, Baird, Himsworth and social class differences in fetal and neonatal mortality (1985) BMJ, 291, pp. 231-233; Blondel, B., Some characteristics of antenatal care in 13 European countries (1985) Br J Obstet Gyncol, 92, pp. 565-568; Noor, A.M.M., (1992) Annual Report, Maternal and Child Health Program, pp. 146-151. , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Preventive Medicine Department, Ministry of Health; Mirgham, O.A., Magzoub, M.E., A community-based survey on the incidence and etiology of maternal mortality in Gezira Province, Sudan (1992) Saudi Med J, 13, pp. 249-253 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031087253&partnerID=40&md5=5844b4fc82a8e861159394a0a60babf3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary and lifestyle differences between Scottish teenagers and those living in England and Wales T2 - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - EUR. J. CLIN. NUTR. VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 91 PY - 1997 SN - 09543007 (ISSN) AU - Crawley, H. AD - Stat., OR Probabilistic Methods R., University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To investigate the dietary differences reported by teenagers in Scotland compared with teenagers from elsewhere in Britain, allowing for a range of other demographic, personal and lifestyle variables. Design: Data was taken from the 1970 longitudinal birth cohort study which collected data cross-sectionally at 16-17 y. Setting: The respondents were distributed throughout Britain. Subjects: A sub-sample of 1615 respondents was selected (M = 658, F = 957). The criterion for selection were a completed 4 d dietary diary and a 4 d activity diary and the completion of a number of other questionnaires to provide demographic and lifestyle data by both the respondent and the parent of the respondent. Results: The diets of Scottish teenagers were significantly different to those of teenagers in England and Wales even when allowing for differences in smoking habits, parental smoking, alcohol intake, family size and housing tenure: factors which were also different among the Scottish cohort. Intakes of fibre, magnesium, phosphorous, retinol equivalents, carotene and riboflavin were significantly lower in Scotland among males and females, as were intakes of non-processed vegetables and non-fried potato, skimmed milks, fat spreads high in polyunsaturates and beer. Scottish teenagers drank more soft drinks and ate more chips and white bread than their counterparts in England and Wales. No differences were noted in intakes of vitamin C and fruit based on regional distribution: lower intakes of fruit in Scotland appeared to be associated with the higher incidence of teenage smoking. Conclusions: The diets of Scottish teenagers appeared to be further from current dietary recommendations than the diets of teenagers elsewhere in Britain, but the lower intakes of fruit among Scottish teenagers commonly reported is likely to be associated with teenage smoking rather than living in Scotland itself. Care should be taken when evaluating dietary surveys that known confounding variables are included. KW - Food KW - Nutrient KW - Scotland KW - Smoking KW - Teenage KW - alcohol KW - carotene KW - riboflavin KW - adolescent KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - diet KW - family size KW - female KW - fruit KW - housing KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - normal human KW - smoking habit KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - Diet KW - England KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Food KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Nutrition Physiology KW - Scotland KW - Smoking KW - Wales KW - Solanum tuberosum N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJCNE C2 - 9049566 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.; STORM, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Ascorbic Acid, 50-81-7 N1 - References: Anderson, A.S., Macintyre, S., West, P., Adolescent meal patterns: Grazing habits in the West of Scotland (1993) Health Bulletin, 51, pp. 158-165; Anderson, A.S., Macintyre, S., West, P., Dietary patterns among adolescents in the West of Scotland (1994) Br. J. Nutr., 71, pp. 111-122; Bull, N.L., Dietary habits of 15-25 year olds (1985) Hum Nutr: Appl. Nutr., 39 A (1 SUPPL.), pp. 1-68; Crawley, H.R., Nutrient and food intakes of teenagers aged 16-17 years in Britain. 1. Energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (1993) Br. J Nutr., 70, pp. 15-26; Crawley, H.F., While, D., The diet and body weight of British teenage smokers at 16-17 years (1995) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 49, pp. 904-914; Cresswell, J., Busby, A., Young, H., Inglis, V., Dietary patterns of third year secondary schoolgirls in Glasgow (1983) Hum Nutr: Appl. Nutr., 37 A, pp. 301-306; Currie, C., Todd, J., (1992) Health Behaviours of Scottish Schoolchildren, , Report 1: National and regional patterns. Research Unit in Health and Behavioural Change. Health Education Board for Scotland, Edinburgh; (1989) Family Expenditure Study 1987, , HMSO: London; (1989) The Diets of British Schoolchildren, , Report on Health and Social Subjects 26. HMSO: London; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCOS), , Intercohort analysis working papers, 1. SSRU. City University: London; Francis, B., Green, M., Payne, C., (1993) GLIM4, , Clarendon Press: Oxford; Goldberg, G.R., Black, A.E., Jebb, S.A., Cole, T.J., Murgatroyd, P.R., Coward, W.A., Prentice, A.M., Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology. 1. Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-recording (1991) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 45, pp. 569-581; Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., Wiseman, M., (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , HMSO: London; Jones, S., (1990) The Youthscan Leisure Diaries, , University Bath: Bath; Margetts, B.M., Jackson, A.A., Interactions between people's diet and their smoking habits: The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1381-1384; (1989) Food Consumption and Expenditure 1987, , HMSO: London; (1981) Registrar General's Classification of Occupations, 1980. Office of Population, Censuses and Surverys, London; (1989) General Household Survey 1987, , Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys; London; Pill, R., Peters, T.J., Robbing, M.R., Social class and preventive health behaviour: A British example (1995) J. Epidem. Comm. Hlth, 49, pp. 28-32; Strain, J.J., Thompson, K.A., Barker, M.E., Dietary intakes of smokers and non-smokers in the Northern Ireland population (1991) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 50, pp. 101A; Sweeting, H., Anderson, A., West, P., Socio-demographic correlates of dietary habits in mid-to late adolescence (1994) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 48, pp. 736-748; Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Smith, W.C.S., Crombie, I.K., Tavendale, R., Coronary risk factor and lifestyle variation across Scotland: Results from the Scottish Heart Health Study (1989) Scott. Med. J., 34, pp. 556-560; Uemara, K., Pisa, Z., Trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in industrialised countries since 1950 (1988) World Health Statistics Quarterly, 41, pp. 155-178; West, P., Sweeting, H., Distribution of basic information from the 1990 follow-up of the Twenty 07 Study youth cohort (1992) Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper, 32. , MRC Medical Sociology Unit: Glasgow; Whichelow, M.J., Erzinclioglu, S.W., Comparison of the diets of smokers and non-smokers (1990) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 49, pp. 42A; (1991) Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, , Technical Report Series No. 797. WHO: Geneva UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031044722&partnerID=40&md5=0607405d8c983e3dd0f532f69c627460 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are sociodemographic factors predictive of preterm birth? A reappraisal of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey T2 - British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology J2 - BR. J. OBSTET. GYNAECOL. VL - 104 IS - 1 SP - 57 EP - 63 PY - 1997 SN - 03065456 (ISSN) AU - Wildschut, H.I.J. AU - Nas, T. AU - Golding, J. AD - Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Academic Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, Netherlands AB - Objective. Reassessment of the predictive value of sociodemographic factors on preterm birth. Design. Population-based case-control study. Setting. England, Wales and Scotland. Sample. The study sample consisted of 5630 primiparous and 9538 multiparous women who were delivered during the first week of March 1958 in Britain. Multiple births were excluded. Method. Factors potentially predictive of preterm birth were assessed for primiparous and multiparous women separately, using the split-sample cross-validation technique. Main outcome measure. Preterm birth, defined as birth occurring before 259 days of gestation. Results. Preterm birth rates for primiparous and multiparous women were 54 and 53 per 1000 births, respectively. In primiparous women low maternal age (under 20 years) was the only sociodemographic variable that was predictive of preterm birth (P = 0.01). However, only 10.7% of preterm birth among primiparous women was associated with low maternal age. In multiparous women, using univariable analysis, employment status was statistically significantly associated with preterm birth. This association disappeared when employment status was adjusted for by other variables in the model. Social class was not predictive of preterm birth in either primiparous or multiparous women. Conclusion. From the results of this study it is concluded that sociodemographic factors do not have a substantial impact on the risk of preterm birth. It seems unlikely that preventative measures aimed at social-demographic adversity will reduce preterm birth rates. KW - adult KW - article KW - demography KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - population research KW - premature labor KW - priority journal KW - social aspect KW - united kingdom KW - Case-Control Studies KW - England KW - Female KW - Forecasting KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Logistic Models KW - Maternal Age KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Risk Factors KW - Scotland KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJOGA C2 - 8988698 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wildschut, H.I.J.; Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Academic Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, Netherlands UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031022565&partnerID=40&md5=9e917b9612df984cdf129a75165e7d2b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of the dynamics of housing tenure choice in Britain T2 - Journal of Urban Economics J2 - J. Urban Econ. VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1006/juec.1996.2009 SN - 00941190 (ISSN) AU - Di Salvo, P. AU - Ermisch, J. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom AD - ESRC Res. Ctr. on Micro-social C., University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AB - The study uses data from the 1958 birth cohort, collected in the British National Child Development Study, to model the dynamics of people's first entry to either owner-occupation or tenancy in social housing, the two major tenures in Britain. The effects of lifetime earnings prospects, family background, a person's own spells of unemployment, the regional unemployment rate, and regional relative house prices on the timing and pattern of first entry are estimated in the context of a competing risk hazard model. It also shows that, given the observed matrix of subsequent tenure transitions, these impacts on the timing and destination of first major tenure also have important effects on the number of years which a person spends in each tenure over his/her life. © 1997 Academic Press. PB - Academic Press Inc. N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JUECD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Di Salvo, P.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom N1 - References: Allison, P.D., Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories (1982) Sociological Methodology, pp. 61-98; Artle, R., Varaiya, P., Life cycle consumption and homeownership (1978) Journal of Economic Theory, 18, pp. 38-58; Borsch-Supan, A., Pollakowski, H.O., Estimating housing consumption adjustments from panel data (1990) Journal of Urban Economics, 27, pp. 131-150; Di Salvo, P., Ermisch, J., (1995) A Model of the Dynamics of Housing Tenure Choice, , Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, University of Essex, Paper Number 95-12; Dolton, P., Van Der Klaauw, W., Leaving teaching in the UK: A duration analysis (1995) The Economic Journal, 105, pp. 431-444; Ermisch, J., The demand for housing in Britain and population ageing: Microeconometric evidence (1996) Economica, 63, pp. 383-404; Ermisch, J., Di Salvo, P., (1995) An Economic Analysis of the Leaving Home Decision: Theory and a Dynamic Econometric Model, , Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, University of Essex, Paper Number 95-11; Ermisch, J., Wright, R.E., Employment dynamics among British single mothers (1992) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 53, pp. 99-122; Haurin, D.R., Hendershott, P.H., Kim, D., Housing decisions of American youth (1994) Journal of Urban Economics, 31, pp. 28-44; Henderson, J.V., Ioannides, Y.M., Tenure choice and the demand for housing (1986) Economica, 53, pp. 231-246; Henderson, J.V., Ioannides, Y.M., Dynamic aspects of consumer decisions in housing markets (1989) Journal of Urban Economics, 26, pp. 212-230; Ioannides, Y.M., Residential mobility and housing tenure choice (1987) Regional Science and Urban Economics, 17, pp. 265-287; King, M., An econometric model of tenure choice and the demand for housing of joint decision (1980) Journal of Public Economics, 14, pp. 137-159; Lancaster, T., (1990) The Econometric Analysis of Transition Data, , Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK; Murphy, M.J., The influence of fertility, early housing career, and socioeconomic factors on tenure determination in contemporary Britain (1984) Environment and Planning A, 16, pp. 1303-1318; Pickles, A., Davies, R., The longitudinal analysis of housing careers (1985) Journal of Regional Science, 25, pp. 85-101; Ridder, G., (1987) The Sensitivity of Duration Models to Misspecified Unobserved Heterogeneity and Duration Dependence, , Mimeo, University of Amsterdam; Rosen, H., Housing decisions and the U.S. income tax: An econometric analysis (1979) Journal of Public Economics, 11, pp. 1-23 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0002916158&doi=10.1006%2fjuec.1996.2009&partnerID=40&md5=6ad744812e0caecc3731181d882d26bb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal trends in diabetes mortality among American Indians and Hispanics in New Mexico: Birth cohort and period effects T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - AM. J. EPIDEMIOL. VL - 145 IS - 5 SP - 422 EP - 431 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009124 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - Gilliland, F.D. AU - Owen, C. AU - Gilliland, S.S. AU - Carter, J.S. AD - Epidemiology/Cancer Control Program, Department of Medicine, Univ. of New Mex. School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States AD - Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States AD - Epidemiology/Cancer Control Program, University of New Mexico, 900 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5306, United States AB - Rates of diabetes mortality are disproportionately high among ethnic minorities in the United States. To describe ethnic trends and cohort effects in diabetes mortality in New Mexico, the authors examined the trends in mortality rates for non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and American Indians in the state during the period 1958-1994. Age-specific rates were examined graphically to qualitatively describe the contribution of calendar period and birth cohort effects to changes in the rates. The authors also fit age- period-cohort models to these data. Age-adjusted diabetes mortality rates for American Indians and Hispanics surpassed rates for non-Hispanic whites for all but the earliest two time periods. In the 1993-1994 period, the age- adjusted mortality rate for American Indians was 3.8 times higher for men and 5.6 times higher for women than for their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Rates for American Indian men and women increased sharply over the 37-year period, by 565% and 1,105%, respectively. Mortality rates increased among Hispanics over the period of study but less rapidly than did rates among American indians. Graphical analyses of age-specific rates were consistent with birth cohort effects among both American Indians and Hispanics and also with a period effect among American Indians. Results from age-period-cohort models indicate a birth cohort effect starting with the 1912 cohort in American Indians and the 1902 cohort in Hispanics. A period effect was present during the 1960s in American Indians. American Indians have experienced an epidemic rise in diabetes mortality in New Mexico; if current trends continue, diabetes may become the leading cause of mortality among American Indians in the state. KW - cohort studies KW - diabetes mellitus KW - ethnic groups KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Indians, North American KW - mortality KW - article KW - diabetes mellitus KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - prevalence KW - statistical analysis KW - United States KW - birth cohort KW - diabetes KW - ethnicity KW - Hispanic people KW - medical geography KW - mortality rate KW - Native Americans KW - period effect KW - temporal trends KW - USA, New Mexico PB - Oxford University Press N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 9048516 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gilliland, F.D.; Epidemiology/Cancer Control Program, University of New Mexico, 900 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5306, United States N1 - References: Geiss, L., Herman, W., Smith, P., Mortality in non-insulin dependent diabetes. Diabetes in America (1995) NIH Publication No. 95-1468, 95 (1468), pp. 233-257. , Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Gohdes, D., Diabetes in North American Indians and Alaska Natives. Diabetes in America (1995) NIH Publication No. 95-1468, 95 (1468), pp. 683-701. , Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Stern, M., Mitchel, B., Diabetes in Hispanic Americans. Diabetes in America (1995) NIH Publication No. 95-1468, 95 (1468), pp. 631-659. , Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Tull, E., Roseman, J., Diabetes in African Americans. Diabetes in America (1995) NIH Publication No. 95-1468, 95 (1468), pp. 613-630. , Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Newman, J.M., Destefano, F., Valway, S.E., Diabetesassociated mortality in Native Americans (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 297-299; Carter, J.S., Wiggins, C.L., Backer, T.M., Diabetes mortality among New Mexico's American Indian, Hispanic, and nonHispanic white populations, 1958-1987 (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 306-309; Lee, E.T., Russell, D., Jorge, N., A follow-up study of diabetic Oklahoma Indians. Mortality and causes of death (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 300-305; Knowler, W.C., Pettitt, D.J., Saad, M.F., Diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indians: Incidence, risk factors, and pathogenesis (1990) Diabetes Metab Rev, 6, pp. 1-27; Knowler, W.C., Saad, M.F., Pettitt, D.J., Determinants of diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indians (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 216-227; International classification of diseases (1955) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. Seventh Revision, , Geneva: World Health Organization; International classification of diseases (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. Eighth Revision, , Geneva: World Health Organization; International classification of diseases (1979) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. Ninth Revision, , Geneva: World Health Organization; Comparability of mortality statistics for the seventh and eighth revisions of the international classification of diseases, United States (1975) DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 76-1340, HRA 76-1340. , Rockville, MD: Health Resource Administration, National Center for Health Statistics; Estimates of selected comparability ratios based on dual coding of 1976 death certificates by the eighth and ninth revisions of the international classification of diseases (1980) Monthly Vital Statistics Report, , Hyattsville, MD: Office of Health Research, Statistics, and Technology, DHEW publication no. (PHS) 80-1120; Becker, T.M., Wiggins, C., Key, C.R., Ischemic heart disease mortality in Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico, 1958-1982 (1988) Circulation, 78, pp. 302-308; Gilliland, F., Becker, T., Key, C., Contrasting trends of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in New Mexico's Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites, American Indians, and blacks (1994) Cancer, 73, pp. 2192-2199; Giachello, A., Bell, R., Aday, L., Uses of the 1980 census for Hispanic health services (1983) Am J Public Health, 73, p. 266. , Abstract; Wiggins, C., Samet, J., Methods (1993) Racial and Ethnic Patterns of Mortality in New Mexico, pp. 1-11. , Becker TM, Wiggins CL, Elliott RS, et al, eds. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press; Akers, D., Larmon, E., Indians and smudges on the census schedule (1967) Proc Soc Stat Sect Am Stat Assoc, 1967, pp. 369-373; Tarone, R.E., Chu, K.C., Evaluation of birth cohort patterns in population disease rates (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 85-91; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. Parts I and II (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J., (1983) Generalized Linear Models, , London: Chapman & Hall; Kupper, L., Statistical age-period-cohort analysis: A review and critique (1985) J Chronic Dis, 38, pp. 811-830; (1990) SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6 Ed., , Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc; Gohdes, D., Kaufman, S., Valway, S., Diabetes in American Indians. An overview (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 239-243; Sievers, M.L., Nelson, R.G., Knowler, W.C., Impact of NIDDM on mortality and causes of death in Pima Indians (1992) Diabetes Care, 15, pp. 1541-1549; Valway, S., Freeman, W., Kaufman, S., Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1987. Estimates from a national outpatient data base (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 271-276; Middaugh, J., Talbot, J., Roche, J., Diabetes prevalence in Alaska, 1984-1986 (1991) Arctic Med Res, 50, pp. 107-119; Becker, T.M., Wiggins, C.L., Key, C.R., Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions: A leading cause of death among minorities (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 131, pp. 664-668; Knowler, W.C., Bennett, P.H., Hamman, R.F., Diabetes inci- Dence and prevalence in Pima Indians: A 19-fold greater incidence than in Rochester, Minnesota (1978) Am J Epidemiol, 108, pp. 497-505; Carter, J., Horowitz, R., Wilson, R., Tribal differences in diabetes: Prevalence among American Indians in New Mexico (1989) Public Health Rep, 104, pp. 665-669; Hanson, R.L., De Courten, M., Narayan, K.M.V., Increasing incidence of diabetes in successive birth cohorts of Pima Indians (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. S62. , Abstract; Rhodes, E., D'Angelo, A., Ward, W., The Indian Health Service record of achievement (1987) Public Health Rep, 102, p. 356; Bennett, M., Mantlo, E., (1988) New Mexico Resources Registry, Statistical Summary 1986-1987, , Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Medical Center UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030616485&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.aje.a009124&partnerID=40&md5=75c9b31448489d2056f5fcbbf26353b2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social mobility, individual ability and the inheritance of class inequality T2 - Sociology J2 - Sociology VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 645 EP - 672 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1177/0038038597031004002 SN - 00380385 (ISSN) AU - Savage, M. AU - Egerton, M. AB - This paper examines the intergenerational social mobility of young adults in Britain, from a secondary analysis of the National Child Development Study. We show that by examining the relationship between social class background and the tested 'ability' of boys and girls, it is possible to advance our understanding of some of the key processes that help facilitate the reproduction of class inequality. In particular, we emphasise that the advantages of the service class over other class rests not just upon their ability to impart appropriate cultural capital to their children, but also on other 'secondary' factors, notably material resources. We show how boys born in advantaged social positions have more resources than girls in maintaining their class advantages, and we indicate some patterns of closure within the 'service class'. KW - Class divisions KW - Gender divisions KW - Social mobility KW - Social reproduction PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - Cited By :94 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Abercrombie, N., Warde, A., (1994) (2nd Edn). Contemporary British Society, , Oxford: Polity; Anastasi, A., (1982) (2nd Edn). Psychological Testing, , London: Longmans; Blau, P., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: John Wiley; Boudon, R., (1974) Education, Opportunity and Social Inequality, , New York: Wiley; Bourdieu, P., (1984) Distinction, , London: Routledge; Breiger, R., (1990) Social Mobility and Social Structure, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Buck, N., (1994) Changing Households, , Essex: BHPS; Butler, T., Savage, M., (1995) Social Change and the Middle Classes, , London: UCL Press; Crompton, R., Sanderson, K., (1990) Gendered Jobs and Social Change, , London: Unwin Hyman; Dale, A., Egerton, M., (1997) Highly Educated Women: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , DfEE Research Series, No. 25. London: HMSO; Devine, F., The stability of class in contemporary society: Studying the processes of class mobility and immobility (1995) Cambridge Stratification Seminar; Dex, S., (1987) Women's Occupational Mobility, , London: Macmillan; Dex, S., (1990) Goldthorpe on Gender and Class: The Case Against, , Clark et al. (eds.); Diprete, T., Industrial restructuring and the mobility response of American workers in the 1980s (1993) American Sociological Review, 58, pp. 74-96; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , London: MacGibbon & Kee; Duncan, O.D., Featherman, D.L., Duncan, B., (1972) Socio-Oeconomic Background and Achievement, , Seminar; Egerton, M., Occupational inheritance: The role of cultural capital and gender (1997) Work, Employment and Society, 11, pp. 263-282; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1992) The Constant Flux, , Oxford: Clarendon; Fielding, A.J., (1995) Migration and Middle Class Formation in England and Wales 1981-1991, , Butler and Savage (eds.); Fischer, C.S., Hout, M., Jankowski, M.S., Lucas, S.R., Swidler, A., Voss, K., (1996) Inequality by Design: Cracking the Bell Curve Myth, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , London: Macmillan; Gershuny, J., (1995) Post-industrial Careers in Britain, , G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Changing Classes. London: Sage; Giddens, A., (1989) Sociology, , Oxford: Polity; Goldthorpe, J., Llewellyn, C., Payne, G., (1980) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon 2nd edn; Goldthorpe, J.H., On the service class: Its formation and future (1982) Social Class and the Division of Labour, , A. Giddens and G. MacKenzie (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Goldthorpe, J.H., Women and class analysis: In defence of the conventional view (1983) Sociology, 17, pp. 465-478; Goldthorpe, J.H., (1990) A Response, , Clark et al; Goldthorpe, J.H., Class analysis and the reorientation of class theory: The case of persisting differentials in educational attainment (1996) British Journal of Sociology, 47, pp. 481-505; Halsey, A.H., Heath, A., Ridge, J., (1980) Origins and Destinations, , Oxford: Clarendon; Heath, A., (1981) Social Mobility, , London: Fontana; Heath, A., Cheung, S., Education and occupation in Britain (1996) Education and Entry to the Labour Market in Comparative Perspective, , W. Mueller and Y. Shavit (eds.), Boulder: Westview; Heath, A., Jowell, R., Curtice, J., (1985) How Britain Votes, , London: Pergamon; Herrnstein, R.J., Murray, C., (1994) The Bell Curve, , New York: Free Press; Kelly, J., (1990) The Failure of a Paradigm: Log Linear Models of Social Mobility, , Clark et al; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Social class and social justice (1993) British Journal of Sociology, 44, pp. 187-211; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Merit and mobility: A reply to Saunders (1996) Sociology, 30, pp. 375-387; Marshall, G., Swift, A., (1997) Social Class and Social Justice, , Oxford: Clarendon; Marshall, G., Newby, H., Rose, D., Vogler, C., (1988) Social Class in Modern Britain, , London: Hutchinson; Mcrae, S., Women and class analysis (1990) John H. Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , J. Clark et al. (eds.), London: Falmer; Mills, C., (1995) Managerial and Professional Work Histories, , Butler and Savage (eds.); Paci, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., Davies, H., (1997) Wage Differentials between Men and Women: Evidence from Cohort Studies, , DfEE Research Series, No. 71. London: HMSO; Pawson, R., (1989) A Measure for Measures, , London: Routledge; Pawson, R., Social mobility (1993) Debates in British Sociology, , D. Morgan and L. Stanley (eds.), Manchester: Manchester University Press; Payne, G., (1987) Employment and Opportunity, , Basingstoke: Macmillan; Payne, G., (1990) Social Mobility in Britain: A Contrary View, , Clark et al. (eds.); Payne, G., Competing views of contemporary social mobility and social divisions (1992) Consumption and Class: Divisions and Change, , R. Burrows and C. Marsh (eds.), Basingstoke: Macmillan; Payne, G., Investing in class analysis futures (1996) Sociology, 30, pp. 339-354; Payne, G., Abbott, P., (1991) Women and Social Mobility, , London: Falmer; Penn, R., The nuffield class categorisation (1981) Sociology, 15, pp. 265-271; Saunders, P., Might Britain be a meritocracy? (1995) Sociology, 29, pp. 23-41; Saunders, P., (1996) Unequal but Fair? A Study of Class Barriers in Britain, , London: Institute of Economic Affairs; Saunders, P., Social mobility in Britain: An empirical examination of two competing explanations (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 261-288; Savage, M., Women's expertise, men's authority: Gendered organisation and the contemporary middle classes (1992) Gender and Bureaucracy, , M. Savage and A. Witz (ed.), Oxford: Blackwells; Savage, M., Social mobility and the survey method: A critical analysis (1996) Pathways to Social Class: Qualitative Approaches to Social Mobility, , D. Bertaux and P. Thompson (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon; Savage, M., Barlow, J., Dickens, P., Fielding, T., (1992) Property, Bureaucracy and Culture: Middle Class Formation in Contemporary Britain, , London: Routledge; Sorenson, A.B., Theory and methodology in social stratification (1986) Sociology: From Crisis to Science?, , U. Himmelstrand (ed.), London: Sage; Stanworth, M., Women and class analysis: A reply to John Goldthorpe (1984) Sociology, 18, pp. 159-170; Westergaard, J., (1990) Social Mobility, , Clark et al; White, H., (1970) Chains of Opportunity, , Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Witz, A., Gender and service class formation (1995) Social Change and the Middle Classes, , T. Butler and M. Savage (eds.), London: UCL Press; Wright, E.O., (1985) Classes, , London: Verso; Wright, E.O., (1996) Class Counts!, , Oxford: Clarendon UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0009175320&doi=10.1177%2f0038038597031004002&partnerID=40&md5=a87f0e81b9a62a8a8a8ec2c4a582fae4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social mobility in britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing explanations T2 - Sociology J2 - Sociology VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 261 EP - 288 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1177/0038038597031002005 SN - 00380385 (ISSN) AU - Saunders, P. AD - School of Social Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QN, United Kingdom AB - Existing data on social mobility in Britain demonstrate a disparity of up to 4:1 in the relative chances of children from different social class backgrounds ending up at the top or bottom of the occupational class system. In an earlier paper, it was argued that such disparities should not necessarily be seen as the result of social advantages or disadvantages associated with different class origins, for they are also consistent with a model of meritocracy in which class differentials in average levels of ability are reflected in the class destinations achieved by people from different social backgrounds. That paper has been criticised, both analytically and empirically, and this paper addresses some of these criticisms through an analysis of data from the National Child Development Study. The analysis shows that ability is an important factor influencing social mobility chances, and through a series of logistic regression and multiple regression models, it demonstrates that meritocratic factors (individual effort and ability) outweigh social advantage/ disadvantage factors in predicting the occupational class achieved by over 6,000 men and women by age 33. The paper ends by answering the analytical criticisms made against the earlier paper. KW - British society KW - Intelligence KW - Meritocracy KW - Social class KW - Social inequality KW - Social mobility PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - Cited By :75 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Saunders, P.; School of Social Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QN, United Kingdom N1 - References: Clark, J., Modgil, C., Modgil, S., (1990) John Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , London: Falmer Press; Dore, R., Incurable unemployment: A progressive disease of modern societies? (1994) Occasional Paper Number 6, 6. , London: LSE Centre for Economic Performance; Egerton, M., Savage, M., (1996) Social Mobility and the Inheritance of Class Inequality, , Unpublished paper, Department of Sociology, University of Manchester; Eysenck, H., Clever measures (1995) Times Higher Education Supplement, , 27 January; Goldthorpe, J., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain (2nd Edn), , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Goldthorpe, J., Problems of meritocracy (1996) Can Education Be Equalized?, , R. Erikson and J. Jonsson (eds), Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press; Goldthorpe, J., Hope, K., (1974) The Social Grading of Occupations, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Halsey, A., Heath, A., Ridge, J., (1980) Origins and Destinations: Family, Class and Education in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Heath, A., (1981) Social Mobility, , London: Fontana; Herrnstein, R., Murray, C., (1994) The Bell Curve, , New York: Free Press; Jackson, B., Marsden, D., (1962) Education and the Working Class, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Johnson, P., Reed, H., Two nations? the inheritance of poverty and affluence (1996) Institute for Fiscal Studies Commentary, , London, No. 53; Lampard, R., Might Britain be a meritocracy? A comment on saunders (1996) Sociology, 30, pp. 387-393; Mackintosh, N., Insight into intelligence (1995) Nature, p. 377. , 19 October; Macrae, S., Women and class analysis (1990) John H. Goldthorpe: Consensus and Controversy, , J. Clark, C. Modgil, and S. Modgil (eds). London: Falmer Press; Marshall, G., Newby, H., Rose, D., Vogler, C., (1988) Social Class in Modern Britain, , London: Hutchinson; Marshall, G., Roberts, S., Burgoyne, C., Social class and underclass in Britain and the uSA (1996) British Journal of Sociology, 47, pp. 22-44; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Social class and social justice (1993) British Journal of Sociology, 44, pp. 187-211; Marshall, G., Swift, A., Merit and mobility: A reply to Peter Saunders (1996) Sociology, 30, pp. 375-386; Neisser, U., Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns (1996) American Psychologist, 51, pp. 77-101; Noble, T., Occupational mobility and social change in Britain (1995) Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, 27, pp. 65-90; Nozick, R., (1974) Anarchy, State and Utopia, , Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Payne, G., (1987) Mobility and Change in Modern Society, , Basingstoke, Hants: Macmillan; Prandy, K., Bottero, W., (1995) The Social Analysis of Stratification and Mobility, , Working Paper No. 18, Sociological Research Group, University of Cambridge; Rawls, J., (1972) A Theory of Justice, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Saunders, P., Might Britain be a meritocracy? (1995) Sociology, 29, pp. 23-41; Saunders, P., (1996) Unequal but Fair? A Study of Class Barriers in Britain, , London: Institute of Economic Affairs; Saunders, P., Harris, C., (1995) Privatization and Popular Capitalism, , Buckingham: Open University Press; Scase, R., (1992) Class, , Buckingham: Open University Press; Stewart, A., Prandy, K., Blackburn, R., (1980) Social Stratification and Occupations, , London: Macmillan; Young, M., (1958) The Rise of the Meritocracy 1870-2033, , London: Thames and Hudson UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0001971748&doi=10.1177%2f0038038597031002005&partnerID=40&md5=9d040f476ca9ee76c9e364aae190a272 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood antecedents of allergic sensitization in young British adults T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology J2 - J. ALLERGY CLIN. IMMUNOL. VL - 99 IS - 1 I SP - 6 EP - 12 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70294-X SN - 00916749 (ISSN) AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Harkins, L.S. AU - Johnston, I.D.A. AU - Anderson, H.R. AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - Objective: This study was designed to investigate whether associations of self-reported hay fever with sibship size, birth order, infant feeding, and childhood socioeconomic status reflect variations in sensitization to common aeroallergens. Methods: One thousand three hundred sixty-nine persons born throughout Britain in 1958 were followed up to age 34 to 35 years. The cohort included 1050 subjects with a history of asthma, wheezy bronchitis, wheezing, or pneumonia and 319 with no history of wheezing illness at ages 7, 11, 16, 23, or 33 years. Skin prick tests with extracts of mixed grass pollen, house dust mite (Der p I), and cat fur were performed; and wheal diameters were measured. Results: The prevalence of positive skin test results (≤3 mm wheal) was independently related (p < 0.01) to male sex, reduced numbers of older siblings (but not younger siblings), and higher socioeconomic status in childhood. Current cigarette smoking and maternal smoking during pregnancy were independently associated (p < 0.01) with a reduced prevalence of skin prick test positivity. No significant independent effects (p > 0.10) were found for adult social class, maternal age, birth weight, gestation, breast feeding, preschool nursery attendance, urban birthplace, or gas stove exposure. Conclusion: Factors related to small families and relative affluence in childhood promote atopic sensitization to a variety of aeroallergens in later life. These observations are consistent with the suggestion that early infection may protect against subsequent allergic disease. KW - Atopy KW - siblings KW - skin prick tests KW - socioeconomic variations KW - adult KW - allergy KW - article KW - asthma KW - bronchitis KW - disease association KW - family history KW - female KW - host susceptibility KW - human KW - infant feeding KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - pneumonia KW - prevalence KW - prick test KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - risk factor KW - sensitization KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom PB - Mosby Inc. N1 - Cited By :157 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JACIB C2 - 9003205 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Strachan, D.P.; Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031037675&doi=10.1016%2fS0091-6749%2897%2970294-X&partnerID=40&md5=ecd38a48fd593ecf18545ff18dfd589b ER - TY - JOUR TI - A follow-up of an incident case-referent study of febrile convulsions seven years after the onset T2 - Seizure J2 - SEIZURE VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 26 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S1059-1311(97)80048-9 SN - 10591311 (ISSN) AU - Forsgren, L. AU - Heijbel, J. AU - Nyström, L. AU - Sidenvall, R. AD - Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden AD - Department of Pediatrics, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden AD - Department of Pediatrics, Hudiksvalls Hospital, Hudiksvalls, Sweden AD - Department of Neurology, Umeå University Hospital, S-901 85 Umeå, Sweden AB - A cohort of 92 children with an initial febrile convulsion (FC), prospectively identified in a community-based study 1985-1987, was compared with a cohort of 185 age- and sex-matched referents from the same study area. The median time of follow-up was 6.7 years (range: 5.7-7.7) and the median age at follow-up was 8.3 years (range 6.5-14). The cases had their first FC at a median age of 18 months (range 5-67 months), their second FC at 24 months (11-108 months) and their third FC at 26 months (13-92 months). FC recurred in 42% of the FC cohort, and 3.8% of the children in the referent cohort experienced FC. Single or recurrent afebrile seizures occurred in 4.3% and epilepsy in 3.3% of the FC cohort, while no afebrile seizures occurred in the referent cohort. The risk of having a sibling with FC was three times (95% confidence interval 1.3-6.2) higher in the FC cohort, while there was no difference between the cohorts in the risk of siblings developing afebrile seizures. There was no difference between the cohorts in the utilization of health services during the follow-up period. Two children in the FC cohort went to a school for the mentally retarded. There was no aetiological relationship between the FC and the mental retardation in these cases. All other children attended normal schools and none needed remedial instruction. KW - Afebrile seizure KW - Case-referent KW - Epidemiology KW - Febrile convulsions KW - Health service utilization KW - Prognosis KW - adolescent KW - article KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - febrile convulsion KW - female KW - follow up KW - health care utilization KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental deficiency KW - onset age KW - priority journal KW - prospective study KW - recurrent disease KW - risk KW - school KW - sibling KW - time PB - W.B. Saunders Ltd N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SEIZE C2 - 9061819 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Forsgren, L.; Department of Neurology, Umea University Hospital, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden N1 - References: Annegers, J.F., Blakley, S.A., Hauser, W.A., Kurland, L.T., Recurrence of febrile convulsions in a population-based cohort (1990) Epilepsy Research, 5, pp. 209-216; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Hauser, W.A., Alemany, M., Shapiro, E.D., Salomon, M.E., A prospective study of recurrent febrile seizures (1992) New England Journal of Medicine, 327, pp. 1122-1127; Forsgren, L., Sidenvall, R., Blomquist, H.K., Heijbel, J., A prospective incidence study of febrile convulsions (1990) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 79, pp. 550-557; Heijbel, J., Blom, S., Bergfors, P.G., Simple febrile convulsions. A prospective incidence study and an evaluation of investigations initially needed (1980) Neuropediatrics, 11, pp. 45-56; Knudsen, F.U., Recurrence risk after first febrile seizure and effect of short term prophylaxis (1985) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 60, pp. 1045-1049; Laditan, A.A.O., Seizure recurrence after a first febrile convulsion (1994) Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 14, pp. 303-308; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prognosis in children with febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 720-727; Offringa, M., Derek-Lubsen, G., Bossuyt, P.M., Lubsen, J., Seizure recurrence after a first febrile seizure: A multivariate approach (1992) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 34, pp. 15-24; Van Den Berg, B.J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. III. Recurrence of febrile convulsions (1974) Epilepsia, 15, pp. 177-190; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I-Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1307-1310; Wallace, S.J., Aldridge Smith, J., Recurrence of convulsions in febrile on no anticonvulsant (1981) Advances in Epileptology: XIIth Epilepsy International Symposium, pp. 499-502. , Dam M., Gram L., Penry J.K. (eds). (Ed. M. Dam, L. Gram and J.K. Penry). New York: Raven; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prognosis in children with febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 720-727; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Elveback, L.R., Kurland, L.T., The risk of epilepsy following febrile convulsions (1979) Neurology, 29, pp. 297-303; Van Den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. I. Incidence of febrile and nonfebrile convulsions by age and other factors (1969) Pediatric Research, 3, pp. 298-304; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the national child development study (1980) Br Med J, 280, pp. 207-210; Tsuboi, T., Seizures of childhood. A population-based and clinic-based study (1986) Acta Neurological Scandinavica, 74 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-237; Wallace, S.J., (1988) The Child with Febrile Convulsions, pp. 109-110. , London: Wright; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Anderson, V.E., Kurland, L.T., The risk of seizure disorders among relatives of children with febrile convulsions (1985) Neurology, 35, pp. 1268-1273; Tsuboi, T., Genetic aspects of febrile convulsions (1977) Human Genetics, 38, pp. 169-173; Forsgren, L., Sidenvall, R., Blomquist, H.K., Heijbel, J., Nyström, L., An incident case-referent study of febrile convulsions in children: Genetical and social aspects (1990) Neuropaediatrics, 21, pp. 153-159; Miettinen, O., Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies (1976) American Journal of Epidemiology, 103, pp. 226-235; Sidenvall, R., Forsgren, L., Blomquist, H.K., Heijbel, J., A community-based prospective incidence study of epileptic seizures in children (1993) Acta Paediatrica, 82, pp. 60-65; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Shapiro, E.D., Salomon, M.E., Crain, E.F., Hauser, W.A., Risk factors for a first febrile seizure: A matched case-control study (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 334-341; Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Febrile seizures and later intellectual performance (1978) Archives of Neurology, 35, pp. 17-21 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031048157&doi=10.1016%2fS1059-1311%2897%2980048-9&partnerID=40&md5=796b5f35e7c7c40c5eeb0fc50f38f6da ER - TY - JOUR TI - The early origins of schizophrenia T2 - British Medical Bulletin J2 - BR. MED. BULL. VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 135 EP - 155 PY - 1997 SN - 00071420 (ISSN) AU - Jones, P. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom AB - Large population-based studies indicate that children who will as adults develop the clinical syndrome of schizophrenia are different from their peers in terms of the acquisition of a range of neurological, cognitive and behavioural characteristics. These studies are also identifying possible causal factors which might operate early in life and so be responsible for a longitudinal aspect of the disorder. Studies of the brain yield results consistent with the multi-system nature of the clinical syndrome of schizophrenia in adult life, and with the notion of a longitudinal or developmental phenotype, of which the adult syndrome is but one aspect. Work in these areas is reviewed with special reference to national birth cohorts from Britain and Finland. KW - academic achievement KW - behavior KW - cognitive development KW - environmental factor KW - finland KW - heredity KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - motor performance KW - nervous system development KW - phenotype KW - prenatal exposure KW - priority journal KW - review KW - schizophrenia KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Brain KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Fetal Diseases KW - Humans KW - Intelligence KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Motor Activity KW - Pregnancy KW - Schizophrenia KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMBUA C2 - 9158290 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jones, P.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, United Kingdom N1 - References: Kraepelin, E., Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia; Mary Barclay, R., Text Book of Psychiatry 8th Edn, 3 (2 PART). , Translated; George Robertson, G., (1919) Endogenous Dementias, , section Edited Livingstone: Edinburgh; Bleuler, E., (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias, , Translated by L. Zinkin. New York: International Universities Press; Swerdlow, J., Miracles of the brain (1996) Readers' Digest, pp. 83-88. , May; Cooper, J.E., Kendell, R.E., Gurland, B.J., (1972) Psychiatric Diagnosis in New York and London, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Andreasen, N.C., Symptoms, signs and diagnosis of schizophrenia (1995) Lancet, 346, pp. 477-481; Häfner, H., Maurer, K., Loeffler, W., Reicher-Rossler, A., The influence of age and sex on the onset and early course of schizophrenia (1993) Br J Psychiatry, 162, pp. 80-86; Cannon, M., Jones, P.B., Neuro-epidemiology reviews: Schizophrenia (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 61, pp. 604-613; Rantakallio, P., Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality (1969) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 193, pp. 1-71; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time. Childhood History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.A., The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: A national population survey (1986) Psychol Med, 16, pp. 689-700; Rodgers, B., Behaviour and personality in childhood as predictors of adult psychiatric disorder (1990) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 31, pp. 393-414; Jones, P.B., Rodgers, B., Murray, R.M., Marmot, M.G., Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Johnstone, E.C., Sacker, A., Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Social adjustment at ages 7 and 11 (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 699-703; Jones, P.B., Done, D.J., From birth to onset: A developmental perspective of schizophrenia in two national birth cohorts (1997) Neurodevelopmental Models of Psychopathology, , Keshavan MS, Murray RM. (Eds) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, In press; Isohanni, M., Moring, J., Rasanen, P., The validity of diagnoses of first-onset schizophrenia in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register: A comparison of clinical and scientific views in a national birth cohort (1997) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, , In press; Aylward, E., Walker, E., Bettes, B., Intelligence in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of the research (1984) Schizophr Bull, 10, pp. 430-459; Walker, E., Lewine, R.J., Prediction of adult-onset schizophrenia from childhood home movies of the patients (1994) Am J Psychiatry, 147, pp. 1052-1056; Pidgeon, D.A., Tests used in the 1954 and 1957 surveys (1964) The Home and the School, pp. 129-132. , Douglas JWB (Ed) London: MacGibbon & Kee; Douglas, J.W.B., Ross, J.M., Simpson, H.R., Pidgeon DA Details of the fifteen year tests (1968) All Our Futures, pp. 194-197. , London: Peter Davies; Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M., Rodgers, B., Childhood risk factors for schizophrenia in a general population birth cohort at age 43 years (1995) Neural Development in Schizophrenia: Theory and Practice, pp. 151-176. , Mednick SA, Hollister JM. (Eds) New York: Plenum; Van Os, J., Jones, P.B., Lewis, G.H., Murray, R.M., Evidence for similar developmental precursors of chronic affective illness and schizophrenia in a general population birth cohort (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry, , In press; Watt, N.F., Patterns of childhood social development in adult schizophrenics (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 35, pp. 160-165; Weinberger, D., Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 660-669; Weinberger, D.R., From neuropathology to neurodevelopment (1995) Lancet, 346, pp. 552-557; Johnstone, E.C., Crow, T.J., Firth, C.D., Husband, J., Kreel, L., Cerebral ventricular size and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia (1976) Lancet, 2, pp. 924-926; Jones, P.B., Harvey, I., Lewis, S.W., Cerebral ventricle dimensions as risk factors for schizophrenia and affective psychosis. An epidemiological approach to analysis (1994) Psychol Med, 24, pp. 995-1011; Van Horn, J.D., McManus, I.C., Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia-a meta analysis of studies of the ventricle:brain ratio (VBR) (1992) Br J Psychiatry, 160, pp. 687-697; Lewis, S.W., X-Ray CT in schizophrenia: 15 years on (1990) Br J Psychiatry, 157 (9 SUPPL.), pp. 16-24; Andreasen, N.C., Flashman, L., Flaum, M., Regional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia measured with magnetic resonance imaging (1994) JAMA, 272, pp. 1763-1769; Harvey, I., Ron, M., Du Boulay, G., Diffuse reduction of cortical volume in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging (1993) Psychol Med, 23, pp. 591-604; Slater, E., Beard, A.W., The schizophrenia-like psychoses of epilepsy (1963) Br J Psychiatry, 109, pp. 95-112; Frith, C., Theory of mind in schizophrenia (1994) The Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia, pp. 147-161. , David AS, Cutting J. (Eds) Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum; Green, M.F., Satz, P., Christenson, C., Minor physical abnormalities in schizophrenia patients, bipolar patients and their siblings (1994) Schizophr Bull, 20, pp. 433-440; Turner, S.W., Toone, B.K., Brett-Jones, J.R., Computerised tomographic scan changes in early schizophrenia-preliminary findings (1986) Psychol Med, 16, pp. 219-225; DeLisi, L.E., Hoff, A.L., Schwartz, J.E., Brain morphology in first-episode schizophrenic-like psychotic patients: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study (1991) Biol Psychiatry, 129, pp. 159-175; Degreef, G., Ashtari, M., Bogerts, B., Volumes of ventricular system subdivisions measured from magnetic resonance images in first-episode schizophrenic patients (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 531-537; Nasrallah, H.A., Olsen, S.C., McCalley-Whitters, M., Chapman, S., Jacoby, E.C., Cerebral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: A preliminary follow-up study (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 157-159; Reveley, A.M., Reveley, M.A., Clifford, C.A., Murray, R.M., Cerebral ventricular size in twins discordant for schizophrenia (1982) Lancet, 2, pp. 540-541; Vita, A., Sacchetti, E., Valvassori, G., Cazzullo, C.L., Brain morphology in schizophrenia: A 2 to 5 years CT scan follow-up study (1988) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 78; Jaskiw, G.E., Juliano, D.M., Goldberg, T.E., Hertzman, M., Urow-Hamell, E., Weinberger, D.R., Cerebral ventricular enlargement in schizophreniform disorder does not progress-a seven year follow-up study (1994) Schizophr Res, 14, pp. 23-28; Arnold, S.E., Hyman, B.T., Van Hoesen, G.W., Damasio, A.R., Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48, pp. 625-632; Benes, F.M., McSparran, J., Bird, E.D., SanGiovanni, J.P., Vincent, S.L., Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 48, pp. 990-1001; Akbanan, S., Bunney Jr., W.E., Potkin, S.G., Wigal, S.B., Hagman, J.O., Sandman, C.A., Altered distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase ceils in frontal lobe of schizophrenics implies disturbances of cortical development (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 169-177; Pilowsky, L., Murray, R.M., Why don't preschizophrenic children have delusions and hallucinations? (1991) Behav Brain Sci, 14, pp. 41-42; Goldman-Rakic, P.S., Issernoff, A., Schwartz, M.L., The neurobiology of cognitive development (1983) Handbook of Child Psychiatry, 2, pp. 281-344. , Haith MM, Campass JJ. (Eds) New York: Wiley; Lipska, B.K., Jaskiw, G.E., Phillips, I., Age-dependent effects of neonatal excitotoxic hippocampal lesions (1993) Schizophr Res, 9, p. 149; Lipska, B., Weinberger, D.R., Delayed effects of neonatal hippocampal damage on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and apomorphine-induced sterotypic behaviours in the rat (1993) Dev Brain Res, 75, pp. 213-222; Benes, F., Myelination of cortical-hippocampal relays during late adolescence (1989) Schizophr Bull, 15, pp. 585-594; Harvey, I., McGuffin, P., Williams, M., Toone, B.K., The ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) in functional psychoses: An admixture analysis (1990) Psychiatry Res, 35, pp. 61-69; Daniels, D.G., Goldberg, T.E., Gibbons, R.D., Weinberger, D.R., Lack of a bimodal distribution of ventricular size in schizophrenia: A Gaussian mixture analysis of 1056 cases and controls (1991) Biol Psychiatry, 30, pp. 887-903; Vita, A., Dieci, G.M., Giobbio, M., Braga, M., Invernizzi, G., Distribution of ventricular brain ratio values in schizophrenic patients and normal subjects (1996) Schizophr Res, 18, p. 187; Suddath, R.L., Christison, G.W., Torrey, E.F., Casanova, M.F., Weinberger, D.R., Anatomical abnormalities in the brains of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 789-794; Weinberger, D.R., DeLisi, L.E., Neophytides, A.N., Wyatt, R.J., Familial aspects of CT scan abnormalities in chronic schizophrenic patients (1981) Psychiatry Res, 4, pp. 65-71; DeLisi, L.E., Goldin, L.R., Hamovit, J.R., A family study of the association of increased ventricular size with schizophrenia (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 148-153; Rothman, K.J., Causes (1976) Am J Epidemiol, 104, pp. 587-592; Menninger, K.A., Influenza and schizophrenia. An analysis of post-influenzal 'dementia praecox', as of 1918, and five years later. Further studies of the psychiatric aspects of influenza (1926) Am J Psychiatry, 4, pp. 469-529; Gottesman, I.I., Bertelsen, A., Confirming unexpressed genotypes for schizophrenia. Risks in the offspring of Fischer's Danish identical and fraternal twins (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 46, pp. 867-872; Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L., Cornblatt, B., The New York high risk project: A follow-up report (1987) Schizophr Bull, 13, pp. 451-462; Marcus, J., Hans, S.L., Auerbach, J.G., Auerbach, A.G., Children at risk for schizophrenia: The Jerusalem infant development study (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 797-809; Fish, B., Neurobiologic antecedents of schizophrenia in childhood (1977) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 34, pp. 1297-1313; Fish, B., Marcus, J., Hans, S.I., Auerbach, J.G., Perdue, S., Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Sequelae of a genetic neurointegrative defect (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 221-235; Jones, P.B., Murray, R.M., The genetics of schizophrenia is the genetics of neurodevelopment (1991) Br J Psychiatry, 158, pp. 615-623; Harrison, P.J., Geddes, J.R., Schizophrenia and the 5-HT2A receptor gene (1996) Lancet, 347, p. 1274; Murray, R.M., Neurodevelopmental schizophrenia: The rediscovery of dementia praecox (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 165, pp. 6-12; Freud, S., Abstracts of scientific writing 1877-1897 (1887) Complete Works, 3. , Strachey J. (Ed) London: Hogarth Press; Goodman, R., Are complications of pregnancy and birth causes of schizophrenia? (1988) Dev Med Child Neurol, 30, pp. 391-406; Hare, E., Temporal factors and trends, including birth seasonally and the viral hypothesis (1988) Handbook of Schizophrenia, 3, pp. 345-377. , Nasrallah HA. (Ed) Amsterdam: Elsevier; Rothwell, P.M., Staines, A., Smail, P., Wadsworth, E., McInney, P., Seasonality of birth of patients with childhood diabetes in Britain (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1456-1457; Barr, C.E., Mednick, S.A., Munk-Jorgensen, P., Exposure to influenza epidemics during gestation and adult schizophrenia (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 47, pp. 869-874; Sham, P.C., O'Callaghan, E., Takei, N., Schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to influenza epidemics between 1939 and 1960 (1992) Br J Psychiatry, 160, pp. 461-466; Mednick, S.A., Machon, R.A., Huttenen, M.O., Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 45, pp. 189-192; O'Callaghan, E., Sham, P., Takei, N., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 A2 influenza epidemic (1992) Lancet, 337, pp. 1248-1250; Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Schizophrenia and influenza (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 116-117; Susser, E.S., Lin, S.P., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the Dutch hunger winter of 1944-45 (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 983-988; Susser, E., Neugebauer, R., Hoek, H.W., Schizophrenia after prenatal famine: Further evidence (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 25-31; Hollister, J.M., Laing, P., Mednick, S.A., Rhesus incompatibility as a risk factor for schizophrenia in male adults (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp. 19-24; Geddes, J.R., Lawrie, S.M., Obstetric events in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 167, pp. 786-793; Buka, S., Tsuang, M., Lipsitt, L., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness. Obstetric complications (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Rantakallio, P., Leskinen, M., Von Wendt, L., Incidence and prognosis of central nervous system infections in a birth cohort of 12000 children (1986) Scand J Infect Dis, 18, pp. 287-294; Rantakillio, P., Jones, P.B., Moring, J., Von Wendt, L., Association between central nervous sytem infections during childhood and adult onset schizophrenia and other psychoses. a 28 year follow-up (1997) Int J Epidemiol, , In press; Jones, P.B., Rantakillio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery and perinatal complications: A 28 year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland general population birth cohort (1996) Eur Psychiatry, 11 (4), p. 242. , Abstract; Rantakallio, P., Von Wendt, L., Koivu, M., Prognosis of perinatal brain damage: A prospective study of a one year birth cohort of 12,000 children (1987) Early Hum Dev, 15, pp. 75-84; Kendell, R.E., Juszcak, E., Cole, S.K., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case control study based on standardised obstetric records (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 56, p. 561; Huttunen, M., Niskanen, P., Prenatal loss of father and psychiatric disorders (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 35, pp. 429-431; Tienari, P., Wynne, L., Moring, J., The Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia. Implications for family research (1994) Br J Psychiatry, 164 (23 SUPPL.), pp. 20-26; Rantakallio, P., The unwanted child (1974) Acta Universitatis Ouluensis, Series D Medica, 8, pp. 1-46; Myhrman, A., Ols, N.P., Rantakallio, P., Does the wantedness of a pregnancy predict a child's educational attainment? (1995) Fam Plan Perspect, 27, pp. 116-119; Kubicka, L., Matejcek, Z., David, H.P., Children from unwanted pregnancies in Prague, Czech Republic revisited at age thirty (1995) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 91, pp. 361-369; Myhrman, A., Rantakallio, P., Isohanni, M., Jones, P.B., Partanen, U., Does unwantedness of a pregnancy predict schizophrenia? (1996) Br J Psychiatry, 169, pp. 637-640 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030892414&partnerID=40&md5=066ccd6d917022e797286f65b29a8089 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A longitudinal study of the growth of matched pairs of vegetarian and omnivorous children, aged 7-11 years, in the North-West of England T2 - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition J2 - EUR. J. CLIN. NUTR. VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 20 EP - 25 PY - 1997 SN - 09543007 (ISSN) AU - Nathan, I. AU - Hackett, A.F. AU - Kirby, S. AD - Sch. of Educ. and Community Studies, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Comp. and Math. Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom AD - Sch. of Educ. and Community Studies, I.M. Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6BD, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To assess the ability of a meat free diet to support normal growth of children. Design: A one year longitudinal observational case-comparison study of growth. Setting: Children were recruited mainly through schools from Merseyside and all measurements were taken in their homes. Subjects: Fifty 'free-living' children following meat free diets, aged 7-11 y (expected to be pre-pubertal), were compared with a control group of 50 omnivores matched for age, sex and ethnic group. Intervention: None. Main outcome measures: Height, weight, upper arm skinfold thicknesses and mid-upper arm circumference measurements were taken at baseline and one year later. The increments over one year were each analysed using a multiple stepwise regression model which derived predicted increments controlled for a variety of factors other than the diet factor. Results: Of all the anthropometric measurements examined only the predicted height increment of the vegetarians was slightly greater than that of the omnivores (difference in predicted height increment = 0.47 cm, P = 0.05). This difference was only apparent after allowing for father's height, maternal smoking habit and number of siblings. A tendency for the vegetarians to be leaner than the omnivores was not significant at the 5% level and both the vegetarian and omnivorous groups lay close to the 50th percentiles for both height and weight (Child Growth Foundation, 1994). Conclusions: The results suggest that these children who followed a meat free diet and conventional lifestyles grew at least as well as children who ate meat. KW - Children KW - Growth KW - Vegetarian diet KW - anthropometric parameters KW - article KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child growth KW - controlled study KW - dietary intake KW - father KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - meat KW - mother KW - multiple regression KW - normal human KW - school child KW - sibling KW - skinfold thickness KW - smoking habit KW - united kingdom KW - vegetarian diet KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Diet KW - Diet, Vegetarian KW - England KW - Exercise KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Parents KW - Skinfold Thickness KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJCNE C2 - 9023462 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hackett, A.F.; School Education Community Studies, IM Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6BD, United Kingdom N1 - References: Position of the American Dietetic Association Vegetarian diets (1988) J Am Diet Assoc, 93 (11), pp. 1317-1319; Beeson, W.L., Chronic disease among Seventh-day Adventists (1989) Cancer, 64, pp. 57-81; Bolton-Smith, C., Nutrient intake by duration of ex-smoking in the Scottish Heart Health Study (1993) Br J Nutr, 69, pp. 315-332; (1995) Position Paper on Vegetarian Diets, , BDA: Birmingham; (1994) Growth Standards for Children, , CGF: London; Cole, T.J., (1993) Seasonality and Human Ecology, pp. 89-106. , Ulijaszek SJ, Strickland SS (eds). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; Dagnelie, P.C., Van Dusseldorp, M., Van Staveren, W.A., Hautvast, J.G.A.J., Effects of macrobiotic diets on linear growth in infants and children until 10 years of age (1994) Eur J Clin Nutr, 49 (1), pp. S102-S112; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., Introduction to comparative growth studies: Methods and standards (1976) Internatinoal Biological Programme. World-Wide Variation in Human Growth, , Cambridge University Press: London; Francis, D.E.M., (1986) Nutrition for Children, p. 49. , Blackwell: London; (1987) Genstat 5 Reference Manual, , Oxford Press: Rothamsted Experimental Station; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of 7 year old children (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Hackett, A.F., A two-year longitudinal study of dietary intake in relation to the growth of 405 English children initially aged 11-12 years (1984) Ann Hum Biol, 11 (6), pp. 545-553; Herbert, J.R., Relationship of vegetarianism to child growth in South India (1985) Am J Clin Nutr, 42, pp. 1246-1254; Kaplan, R.M., Toshima, M.T., Does a reduced fat diet cause retardation in child growth? (1992) Prev Med, 21, pp. 33-52; Lohman, G., Roche, A.F., Martorell, R., (1991) Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, , Leeds: Human Kinetics Books; Muller, W.H., Parent-child correlations for stature and weight among school aged children: A review of 24 studies (1976) Hum Biol, 48 (2), pp. 379-397; Nathan, I., Hackett, A.F., Kirby, S., The dietary intake of a group of vegetarian children aged 7-11 years compared with matched omnivores (1996) Br J Nutr, 75, pp. 533-544; Nelson, M., White, J., Rhodes, C., Haemoglobin, ferritin and iron intakes in British children aged 12-14 years: A preliminary investigation (1993) Br J Nutr, 70, pp. 147-155; (1995) The Realeat Survey 1984-1995, , Realeat: London; Registrar General (1991). Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Classification of Occupations. HMSO: London; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study of health and growth: Social and biological factors associated with height of children from ethnic groups living in England (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13 (5), pp. 453-471; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Duggal, S., Driver, A.P., Vegetarianism and growth in Urdu, Gujurati, and Punjabi children in Britain (1987) J Epidem Comm Hlth, 41, pp. 233-236; Rona, R.J., Florey, C., Du, V., Clarke, G.C., Chinn, S., Parental smoking at home and height of children (1981) Br Med J, 283, p. 1363; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1978) J Epidem Comm Hlth, 32, pp. 147-154; Sabate, J., Lindsted, K.D., Harris, R.D., Johnston, P.K., Anthropometric parameters of schoolchildren with different life-styles (1990) Am J Dis Child, 144, pp. 1159-1163; Sabate, J., Lindsted, K.D., Harris, R.D., Sanchez, A., Attained height of lacto-ovo vegetarian children and adolescents (1991) Eur J Clin Nutr, 45, pp. 51-58; Sabate, J., Llorca, C., Sanchez, A., Lower height of lacto-ovo-vegetarian girls at preadolescence: An indicator of physical maturation delay? (1992) J Am Diet Assoc, 10, pp. 1263-1264; Van Staveren, W.A., Food consumption and height/weight status of Dutch pre-school children on alternative diets (1985) J Am Diet Assoc, 85, pp. 1579-1584; Skuse, D., Reilly, S., Wolke, D., Psychosocial adversity and growth during infancy (1994) Eur J Clin Nutr, 48 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S113-S130; Tanner, J.M., The Development of the Reproductive System (1955) Growth at Adolescence 2nd Edition, p. 39. , Tanner M (ed). Blackwell Scientific Publications: London; Tanner, J.M., Factors Affecting the Rate of Growth and the Age at Adult Physique (1955) Growth at Adolescence 2nd Edition, p. 97. , Tanner JM (ed). Blackwell Scientific Publications: London; Tayter, J.M., Stanek, K.L., Anthropometric and dietary assessment of omnivore and lacto-ovo-vegetarian children (1989) J Am Diet Assoc, 89, pp. 1661-1663; Thomas, B.J., (1994) Manual of Dietetic Practice, 2nd Edition, p. 324. , Blackwell: London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031025496&partnerID=40&md5=ff822648f51612740b03e2c8e3fa6046 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the nature and mechanisms of obstetric influences in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis of epidemiologic studies T2 - International Review of Psychiatry J2 - INT. REV. PSYCHIATRY VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 387 EP - 397 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1080/09540269775259 SN - 09540261 (ISSN) AU - Cannon, T.D. AD - Depts. of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States AD - Depts. of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6156, United States AB - Obstetric complications are robust correlates of schizophrenia, but it remains controversial whether more than one neurally-disruptive mechanism is involved and whether such influences covary with, depend on, or are independent of the disorder's generic basis. Labor and delivery complications (LDCs), particularly perinatal hypoxia, are the most consistently-replicated obstetric correlates of schizophrenia and appear as risk factors in a larger proportion of cases than pregnancy complications (including viral exposure) and signs of fetal maldevelopment. However, the vast majority of individuals exposed to such LDCs, even in the extreme, do not develop schizophrenia, indicating that they are unlikely to cause the disorder on their own. In addition, unaffected siblings and offspring of schizophrenics are no more likely to have a history of LDCs than are unaffected individuals from the general population, indicating that such factors are not likely to be caused by genetic predisposition to the disorder. Findings from prospective studies of high-risk samples and representative birth cohorts are consistent in showing that the association of LDCs with schizophrenia (and with severity of its neuropathological features) is greater among those with an elevated genetic risk, suggesting that predisposing genes for schizophrenia may confer a heightened susceptibility of the fetal brain to the neurotoxic consequences of oxygen deprivation (and, possibly, other obstetric mechanisms). These findings encourage the search for candidate genes that mediate the brain's vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury and suggest the use of preventive obstetric practices in high-risk pregnancies. KW - oxygen KW - brain ischemia KW - delivery KW - disease severity KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - genetic predisposition KW - high risk population KW - human KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - labor KW - neuropathology KW - neurotoxicity KW - newborn hypoxia KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - progeny KW - review KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - sibling N1 - Cited By :58 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IRPSE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cannon, T.D.; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6156, United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: oxygen, 7782-44-7 N1 - References: Barr, C.E., Mednick, S.A., Munk-Jorgensen, P., Exposure to influenza epidemics during gestation and adult schizophrenia (1990) Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, pp. 869-874; Bracha, H.S., Torrey, E.F., Gottesman, J.I., Bigelow, L.B., Cunniff, C., Second-trimester markers of fetal size in schizophrenia: A study of monozygotic twins (1992) American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, pp. 1355-1361; Buka, S.L., Tsuang, M.T., Lipsitt, L.P., Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 151-156; Cannon, T.D., Marco, E., Structural brain abnormalities as indicators of vulnerability to schizophrenia (1994) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, pp. 89-102; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Fetal neural development and adult schizophrenia: An elaboration of the paradigm (1991) Fetal Neural Development and Adult Schizophrenia, pp. 227-237. , S. A. MEDNICK, T. D. CANNON, C. E. BARR & M. LYON (Eds), New York: Cambridge University Press; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Parnas, J., Antecedents of predominantly negative- and predominantly positive-symptom schizophrenia in a high-risk population (1990) Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, pp. 622-632; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Schulsinger, F., Parnas, J., Praestholm, J., Vestergaard, A., Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers: I. Contributions of genetic and perinatal factors (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 551-564; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Schulsinger, F., Parnas, J., Praestholm, J., Vestergaard, A., Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers: II. Structural brain characteristics of schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 955-962; Cannon, T.D., Zorrilla, L.E., Shtasel, D., Neuropsychological functioning in siblings disordant for schizophrenia and healthy volunteers (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 651-661; Cannon, T.D., Kaprio, J., Lonnqvist, J., Huttenen, M., Koskenvuo, M., The genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia in a Finnish twin cohort: A population-based modeling study Archives of General Psychiatry; Choi, D.W., Rothman, S.M., The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death (1990) Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, pp. 171-182; Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Schizophrenia and influenza (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 116-117; Davis, J.O., Phelps, J.A., Bracha, H.S., Prenatal development of monozygotic twins and concordance for schizophrenia (1995) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, pp. 357-366; DeLisi, L.E., Goldin, L.R., Maxwell, E., Kazuba, D.M., Gershon, E.S., Clinical features of illness in siblings with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 891-896; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relaxation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) British Medical Journal, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Eagles, J.M., Gibson, I., Bremner, M.H., Clunie, F., Ebmeier, K.P., Smith, N.C., Obstetric compilations in DSM-II schizophrenics and their siblings (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 1139-1141; Falconer, D.S., The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives (1965) Annals of Human Genetics, 29, pp. 51-76; Farmer, A.E., McGuffin, P., Gottesman, I.I., Twin concordance for DSM-III schizophrenia. Scrutinizing the validity of the definition (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 634-641; Fischer, M., Genetic and environmental factors in schizophrenia. A study of schizophrenic twins and their families (1973) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplementum, 238, pp. 9-142; Fisch, B., Marcus, J., Hans, S.L., Auerbach, J.G., Perdue, S., Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Sequelae of a genetic neutrointegrative defect (1992) Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, pp. 221-235; Foerster, A., Lewis, S.W., Owen, M.J., Murray, R.M., Low birth weight and a family history of schizophrenia predict premorbid functioning in psychosis (1991) Schizophrenia Research, 5, pp. 13-20; Gottesman, I.I., Shields, J., (1982) Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Gottesman, I.I., Bertelsen, A., Confirming unexpressed genotypes for schizophrenia. Risks in the offspring of Fischer's Danish identical and fraternal discordant twins (1989) Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, pp. 867-872; Gunther-Genta, F., Bovet, P., Hohlfeld, P., Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A case control study (1994) British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, pp. 165-170; Hanson, D.R., Gottesman, I.I., Heston, L.L., Some possible childhood indicators of adult schizophrenia inferred from children of schizophrenics (1976) British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, p. 142; Heston, L.L., Psychiatric disorders in foster home reared children of schizophrenic mothers (1996) British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, pp. 819-825; Heun, R., Maier, W., The role of obstetric complications in schizophrenia (1993) Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 181, pp. 220-226; Hollister, J.M., Cannon, T.D., Neurodevelopmental disturbances in the etiology of schizophrenia Disorders of Brain and Mind, , M. RON & A. S. DAVID (Eds), New York: Cambridge University Press; Hollister, J.M., Laing, P., Mednick, S.A., Rhesus incompatibility as a risk factor for schizophrenia in male adults (1996) Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, pp. 19-24; Hoskins, R.E., Zygosity as a risk factor for complications and outcomes of twin pregnancy (1995) Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellogiae, 44, pp. 11-23; Jacobsen, B., Kinney, D.K., Perinatal complications in adopted and non-adopted schizophrenics and their controls: Preliminary results (1980) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplementum, 285, pp. 337-346; Kendell, R.E., Kemp, I.W., Maternal influenza in the etiology of schizophrenia (1989) Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, pp. 878-882; Kendler, K.S., Overview: A current perspective on twin studies of schizophrenia (1983) American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, pp. 1413-1425; Kendler, K.S., The sporadic v. familial classification given aetiological heterogeneity. II. Power analyses (1988) Psychological Medicine, 18, pp. 991-999; Kendler, K.S., Twin studies of psychiatric illness: Current status and future directions (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 905-915; Kendler, K.S., Diehl, S.R., The genetics of schizophrenia: A current, genetic-epidemiologic perspective (1993) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 19, pp. 261-285; Kendler, K.S., Gruenberg, A.M., Kinney, D.K., Independent diagnoses of adoptees and relatives as defined by DSM-III in the provincial and national samples of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 456-468; Kety, S.S., The significance of genetic factors in the etiology of schizophrenia: Results from the national study of adoptees in Denmark (1987) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 21, pp. 423-429; Kety, S.S., Wender, P.H., Jacobsen, B., Mental illness in the biological and adoptive relatives of schizophrenic adoptees: Replication of the Copenhagen study in the rest of Denmark (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 442-455; Kinney, D.K., Levy, D.L., Yurgeleun-Todd, D.A., Medoff, D., LaJonchere, C.M., Radford-Paregol, M., Season of birth and obstetrical complications in schizophrenics (1994) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28, pp. 499-500; Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance, and risk of schizophrenia (1987) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 21, pp. 413-421; Lewis, S.W., Reveley, A.M., Reveley, M.A., Chitkara, B., Murray, R.M., The familial/sporadic distinction as a strategy in schizophrenia research (1987) British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, pp. 306-313; Maier, R.F., Bialobrzeski, B., Gross, A., Vogel, M., Dudenhausen, J.W., Obladen, M., Acute and chronic fetal hypoxia in monochorionic and dichorionic twins (1995) Obstetrics & Gynecology, 86, pp. 973-977; Marcus, J., Auerback, J., Wilkinson, L., Burack, C.M., Infants at risk for schizophrenia: The Jerusalem infant development study (1981) Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, pp. 703-713; Markow, T.A., Gotteman, I.I., Fluctuating dermatoglyphic asymmetry in psychotic twins (1989) Psychiatry Research, 29, pp. 37-43; McCreadie, R.G., Hall, D.J., Berry, I.J., Robertson, L.J., Ewing, J.I., Geals, M.F., The nithsdale schizophrenia surveys: X. Obstetric complications, family history and abnormal movements (1992) British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, pp. 799-805; McNeil, T.F., Obstetric factors and perinatal injuries (1988) Handbook of Schizophrenia, Vol. 3: Nosology, Epidemiology and Genetics, 3, pp. 319-343. , M. T. TSUANG & J. C. SIMPSON (Eds), Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V; McNeil, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Chicken or egg in schizophrenia's etiology: Does pre-existing abnormality cause labor-delivery complication in fetusus who will become schizophrenic and in fetuses at genetic risk? Schizophrenia Bulletin; McNeil, T.F., Blennow, G., Lundberg, L., Congenital malformations and structural developmental anomalies in groups at high risk for psychosis (1992) American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, pp. 57-61; McNeill, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Sjostrom, K., Obstetric complications as antecedents of schizophrenia: Empirical effects of using different obstetric complication scales (1994) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28, pp. 519-530; McNeill, T.F., Cantor-Graae, E., Torrey, E.F., Obstetric complications in histories of monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia (1994) Ada Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, pp. 196-204; Mednick, S.A., Machgon, R.A., Huttunen, M.O., Bonett, D., Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 189-192; Mednick, S.A., Machgon, R.A., Huttunen, M.O., Barr, C.E., Influenza and schizophrenia: Helsinki vs. Edinburgh (1990) Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, pp. 875-876; Mirdal, G.K.M., Mednick, S.A., Schulsinger, F., Fuchs, F., Perinatal complications in children of schizophrenic mothers (1974) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 50, pp. 553-568; Nimgaonkar, V.L., Wessely, S., Murray, R.M., Prevalence of familiality, obstetric complications, and structural brain damage in schizophrenic patients (1988) British Journal of Psychiatry, 153, pp. 191-197; O'Callaghan, E., Larkin, C., Kinsella, A., Waddington, J.L., Familial, obstetric, and other clinical correlates of minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia (1991) American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, pp. 479-483; O'Callaghan, E., Sham, P., Takei, N., Glover, G., Murray, R.M., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 A2 influenza epidemic (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1248-1250; O'Callaghan, E., Gibson, T., Colohan, H.A., Risk of schizophrenia in adults born after obstetric complications and their association with early onset of illness: A controlled study (1972) British Medical Journal, 305, pp. 1256-1259; Onstad, S., Skre, I., Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., Twin concordance for DSM-III-R schizophrenia (1991) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 83, pp. 395-401; Onstad, S., Skre, I., Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., Birthweight and obstetric complications in schizophrenic twins (1992) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 85, pp. 70-73; Plomin, R., Defries, J.C., McClearn, G.E., (1980) Behavioral Genetics: A Primer, , San Francisco: W. H. Freeman; Pollack, M., Woerner, M.G., Goodman, Greenberg, I.M., Childhood development patterns of hospitalized adult schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic patients and their siblings (1966) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 36, p. 510; Pollin, W., Stabenau, J.R., Biological, psychological and historical differences in a series of-monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia (1968) The Transmission of Schizophrenia, pp. 317-332. , D. ROSENTHAL & S. S. KETTY (Eds), London: Pergamon Press; Reveley, A.M., Reveley, M.A., Murray, R.M., Cerebral ventricular enlargement in non-genetic schizophrenia: A controlled twin study (1984) British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, pp. 89-93; Rieder, R.O., Broman, S.H., Rosenthal, D., The offspring of schizophrenics: II. Perinatal factors and IQ (1977) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 789-799; Roy, M.-A., Flaum, M.A., Gupta, S., Jaramillo, L., Andreasen, N.C., Epidemiological and clinical correlates of familial and sporadic schizophrenia (1994) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, pp. 324-328; Sacker, A., Done, D.J., Crow, T., Golding, J., Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Obstetric complications (1995) British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, pp. 734-741; Sham, P., O'Callaghan, E., Takei, N., Murray, G., Hare, E., Murray, R., Schizophrenic births following influenza epidemics (1992) British Journal of Psychiatry, 160, pp. 461-466; Torrey, E.F., Are we overestimating the genetic contribution to schizophrenia? (1992) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18, pp. 159-170; Warner, R., Time trends in schizophrenia: Changes in obstetric risk factors with industrialization (1995) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, pp. 483-500; Weisglas-Kuperus, N., Uleman-Vleeschdrager, M., Baerts, W., Ventricular haemorrhages and hypoxic-ischaemic lesions in preterm infants: Neurodevelopmental outcome at 34 years (1987) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 29, pp. 623-629; Woerner, M.G., Pollack, M., Klein, D.F., Pregnancy and birth complications in psychiatric patients: A comparison of schizophrenic and personality disorder patients with their siblings (1973) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 49, pp. 712-721 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030704239&doi=10.1080%2f09540269775259&partnerID=40&md5=95c29f82afe68e0305415044f9164e81 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The contribution of childhood environment to the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in adult life: A retrospective study T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - SOC. SCI. MED. VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 24 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00090-1 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Van De Mheen, H. AU - Stronks, K. AU - Van Den Bos, J. AU - Mackenbach, J.P. AD - Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands AB - In this study the contribution of childhood environment to the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in adulthood is examined. Childhood environment was measured using indicators of social, socio-economic and material aspects. Retrospective data obtained from an oral interview, part of the Longitudinal Study on Socio-Economic Health Differences (a longitudinal study in the South East of the Netherlands), were used. Indicators for socio-economic status at adult age were educational and occupational level, whilst health indicators included perceived general health and I self-reports of chronic conditions. The percentage reduction in odds ratios of education and occupation after adjustment for childhood environment was used to estimate the contribution of childhood environment. The results suggest that a substantial part of differences in health between educational and occupational groups can be attributed to differences in childhood environment. Educational level of the mother, occupation of the father and financial situation of the family are the most important childhood characteristics in the explanation of socio-economic health differences in adult life. Different mechanisms of explanation concerning the contribution of childhood environment to:socio-economic differences in adult life are discussed. KW - Childhood environment KW - Self-reported health KW - Socio-economic status KW - article KW - chronic disease KW - education KW - health status KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - Netherlands KW - occupation KW - self report KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics PB - Elsevier Ltd N1 - Cited By :63 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Van de Mheen, H.; Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands N1 - References: Fox, J., (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, , Gower, Aldershot; Illsley, R., Svensson, P.G., Health inequities in Europe (1990) Soc. Sci. Med., 31, pp. 223-420; Mackenbach, J.P., Socio-economic health differences in the Netherlands: A review of recent empirical findings (1992) Soc. Sci. Med., 34, pp. 213-226; Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Explanations for socio-economic differentials in mortality (1994) Eur. J. Public Hlth, 4, pp. 131-144; Power, C., Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 411-417; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National child development study (1992) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 6, pp. 81-110; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Follow-up of the first national birth cohort: Findings from the medical research council national survey of health and development (1987) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 1, pp. 95-117; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 663-668; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc. Sci. Med., 36, pp. 1047-1052; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Med. J., 37, pp. 265-272; Lundberg, O., Causal explanations for class inequality in health - An empirical analysis (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 385-393; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Q. J. Soc. Aff., 2, pp. 397-413; Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age (1990) Br. Med. J., 301, pp. 1121-1123; Lynch, J.W., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; Vågerö, D., Leon, D., Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 1224-1225; Nyström Peck, M., The importance of childhood socioeconomic group for adult health (1994) Soc. Sci. Med., 39, pp. 553-562; Ostberg, V., Vågerö, D., Socio-economic differences in mortality among children. Do they persist into adulthood? (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 403-410; Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Yusuf, E.J., Burden of disability in a post war birth cohort in the UK (1994) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 48, pp. 262-269; Mackenbach, J.P., Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., A prospective cohort study investigating the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in the Netherlands (1994) Soc. Sci. Med., 38, pp. 299-308; Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Portocarero, L., Intergenerational class mobility and the convergence thesis: England, France and Sweden (1983) Br. J. Sociol., 34, pp. 303-342; Belsley, D.A., Kuh, E., Welsch, R.E., (1980) Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity, , Wiley, New York; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, , Wiley, New York; Van Der Meer, J.B.W., Looman, C.W.N., Mackenbach, J.P., (1993) Sociaal-economische Verschillen in Medische Consumptie (in Dutch), , Instituut Maatschappelijke Gezondheidszorg Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.J.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow up of a national birth cohort (1992) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 46, pp. 300-304; Borrini, G., Dall'ora, P., Della Sala, S., Marinelli, L., Spinnler, H., Autobiographical memory. Sensitivity to age and education of a standardized enquiry (1989) Psychol. Med., 19, pp. 215-224; Fogelman, K., Power, C., Fox, J., Family breakdown, social mobility. National child development study (1987) Working Paper No. 25, 25. , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) Br. Med. J., 309, pp. 1475-1479; Rodriquez, C., Regidor, E., Gutiérrez-Fisac, J.L., Low birth weight in Spain associated with sociodemographic factors (1995) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 49, pp. 38-42; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well being: A meta analysis (1991) J. Marr. Fam., 53, pp. 43-58; Pless, I.B., Cripps, H.A., Davies, J.M.C., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Chronic physical illness in childhood: Psychological and social effects in adolescence and adult life (1989) Develop. Med. Child Neurol., 31, pp. 746-755; Lundberg, O., Childhood living conditions, health status, and social mobility: A contribution to the health selection debate (1991) Eur. Soc. Rev., 7, pp. 149-162; Wolfe, B.L., The influence of health on school outcomes (1985) Med. Care, 23, pp. 1127-1138; Wilkinson, R.G., Socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Interpreting the data on size and trends (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, pp. 1-20. , Edited by Wilkinson R. G. Tavistock, London; Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Soc. Hlth Illness, 15, pp. 1-15; Kuh, D.J.L., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 46, pp. 114-119; Blaxter, M., (1981) The Health of the Children, , Heinemann, London; Cornia, G.A., Child poverty and deprivation in industrialised countries: Recent trends and policy options Innocenti Occasional Papers, 2. , Unicef International Child Development Centre, Florence; (1985) Targets for Health for All, , World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031060618&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2896%2900090-1&partnerID=40&md5=ca9b38c80ad6bba46f8bb329772e0286 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socioeconomic factors and growth during childhood and early adolescence in Jena children T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 343 EP - 353 PY - 1997 DO - 10.1080/03014469700005092 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Kromeyer, K. AU - Hauspie, R.C. AU - Susanne, C. AD - Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany AD - Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium AD - Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Inst. of Hum. Genet. and Anthropol., Kollegiengasse 10, 07740 Jena, Germany AB - The influence of socioeconomic parameters (number of children in the family, birth order of subject, professional status of the father, education of the mother) and background characteristics (birth length, birth weight and age of the mother at birth of the child) of growth in body height in children from 4 to 12 years of age was investigated. The analysis is based on data from a longitudinal growth survey, which started with 207 children (98 males and 109 females) from Jena (Germany) in 1985. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the degree of relationship between height and the social or background factors. In this study no differences in growth between children of different social groups were found. Variation in height of girls was mainly affected by the biological factor length at birth of the child. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - child KW - educational status KW - female KW - Germany KW - growth KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - maternal age KW - newborn KW - occupation KW - preschool child KW - regression analysis KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Germany KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Occupations KW - Regression Analysis KW - Socioeconomic Factors PB - Taylor and Francis Ltd. N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 9239440 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kromeyer, K.; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Inst. of Hum. Genet. and Anthropol., Kollegiengasse 10, 07740 Jena, Germany N1 - References: Abramson, J.H., Gofin, R., Habib, J., Pridan, H., Gofin, J., Indicators of social class. A comparative appraisal of measures for use in epidemiological studies (1982) Social Science and Medicine, 16, pp. 1729-1746; Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth, a Comprehensive Treatise, 2nd Edn, 3, pp. 221-239. , edited by F. Falkner and J. M. Tanner (New York and London: Plenum Press); Bielicki, T., Welon, Z., Growth data as indicators of social inequalities: The case of Poland (1982) Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 25, pp. 153-167; Bielicki, T., Welon, Z., Social-class differences in physique and physiological fitness (1988) Materialy i Prace Anthropologiczne, 109, pp. 123-140; Brundtland, G.H., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo school children during the last 60 years (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 307-322; Cernerud, L., The association between height and some structural social variables: A study of 10-year-old children in Stockholm during 40 years (1993) Annals of Human Biology, 20, pp. 469-476; Cernerud, L., Lindren, G.W., Secular changes in height and weight of Stockholm school-children born in 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963 (1991) Annals of Human Biology, 18, pp. 497-505; Chrzastek-Spruch, H., Wolanski, N., Wrebiakowski, H., Socio-economic and endogenous factors in growth of 11-year-old children from Lublin (1984) Collegium Antropologicum, 8, pp. 57-66; Eiben, O.G., Educational level of parents as a factor influencing growth and maturation (1989) Auxology 88. Perspectives in the Science of Growth and Development, pp. 227-234. , edited by J. M. Tanner (London: Smith-Gordon & Co); Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., Environmental influences on growth (1990) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, 2nd Edn, pp. 191-207. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Gárdos, É., Joubert, K., Newborn's development by sociodemographic factors in a representative survey (1991) Anthropologiai Közlemények, 33, pp. 55-64; Gofin, R., Adler, B., Maddelar, R., Birth weight and weight, stature, and body mass index at ages 6 and 14 years (1993) American Journal of Human Biology, 5, pp. 559-564; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Guilliford, M.C., Chinn, S., Roma, R.J., Social environment and height: England and Scotland 1987 and 1988 (1991) Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 66, pp. 235-245; Gyenis, G., Gonda, K.N., Socioeconomic differences in head measurements in Hungarian university students (1991) Anthropologiai Közlemények, 33, pp. 45-54; Herngreen, W.P., Van Buuren, S., Van Wieringen, J.C., Reerink, J.D., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Ruys, J.H., Growth in length and weight from birth to 2 years of a representative sample of Netherlands children (born in 1988-89) related to socio-economic status and other background characteristics (1994) Annals of Human Biology, 21, pp. 449-463; Jaeger, U., Ergebnisse anthropologischer Untersuchungen unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der säkularen Akzeleration und ausgewählter sozialer Faktoren auf das Wachstum und die Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen aus dem Jenaer Raum (1983) Biologische Rundschau, 21, pp. 293-307; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 1-8; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban school children in relation to socio-economic and regional factors (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, pp. 501-528; Lindgren, G., Aurelius, G., Tanner, J., Healy, M., Socio-economic circumstances and the growth of Stockholm preschool children: The 1980 birth cohort (1994) Acta Paediatrica, 83, pp. 1209-1911; Marcusson, H., (1961) Das Wachstum von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, , Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; Martin, R., Saller, K., (1957) Lehrbuch der Anthropologie, Bd. 1, 3. Aufl., 1. , Stuttgart: Fischer; Meredith, H.V., Body size of infants and children around the world in relation to socioeconomic status (1984) Advances in Child Development and Behaviour, 18, pp. 81-145; Oehmisch, W., (1970) Die Entwicklung der Körpermaβe bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Ergebnisse Einer Repräsentativen Untersuchung in den Jahren 1967/68, , Berlin: Akademie für Arztliche Fortbildung; Prokopec, M., Lipková, V., Zlámalová, H., Increase of average height of Czech and Slovak children since 1951 up to 1971 and comparison with some indicators of economic and social development in Czechoslovakia (1977) Demografie, 19, pp. 232-236; Reissig, M., (1980) Zur Körperlichen Entwicklung in der Pubeszenz.-Längsschnittuntersuchung an Leipziger Schülern vom 12. bis 16. Lebensjahr Unter Berücksichtigung des Akzelerationsaspektes, , Leipzig: Habil-Schrift; Roede, M.J., Van Wieringen, J.C., Growth diagrams 1980 - Netherlands third nation-wide survey (1985) Tijdschrift Sociale Gezondheidszorg, 63 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-34; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study of health and growth: Social and biological factors associated with height of children from ethnic groups living in England (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13, pp. 453-471; Sälzler, A., (1967) Ursachen und Erscheinungsformen der Akzeleration, , Berlin: Volk und Gesundheit; Sälzler, A., Die Akzeleration - Ein gesellschaftlich und biologisch gesteuerter Prozess (1975) Anthropologiai Közlemények, 19, pp. 195-200; Susanne, C., Interrelations between some social and familial factors and stature and weight of yong Belgian male adults (1980) Human Biology, 52, pp. 701-709; Walter, H., Fritz, M., Welker, A., Untersuchungen zur sozialen Verteilung von Körperhöhe und Körpergewicht (1975) Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie, 67, pp. 6-18 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031183711&doi=10.1080%2f03014469700005092&partnerID=40&md5=7dc6bc4fd3b6d780ae6d27c41e8378cb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease T2 - British Medical Bulletin J2 - BR. MED. BULL. VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 210 EP - 221 PY - 1997 SN - 00071420 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Hertzmant, C. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Hlth. Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Evidence is presented for a pathways model linking early life factors and adult disease, which takes account of the inter-relationships between social and biological risks throughout the lifecourse. Few studies, if any, have yet recorded adequate birth to death information which could be used to quantify the effects of different factors and their timing. Hence, there is only limited understanding of the extent to which biological and social risks experienced at different life stages combine to influence adult disease. However, some of the pathways between early and later life are suggested when evidence from earlier stages of the lifecourse is linked to that From studies at older ages, in which adult disease risk factors have been established. Further support for pathway effects is provided by studies showing that health outcomes of early biological insults can depend on the subsequent social and biological environment. Thus, it is argued that adult disease will be more fully understood when account is taken of the combined effects of social and biological risk occurring at different life stages. KW - adult disease KW - environmental factor KW - health status KW - human KW - priority journal KW - review KW - risk KW - risk factor KW - social aspect KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Morbidity KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :200 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMBUA C2 - 9158295 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Kuh, D.L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Adult Disease, , Oxford: Oxford University Press, In press; Paneth, N., Susser, M., Early origin of coronary heart disease (the 'Barker hypothesis') (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 411-412; Cynader, M.S., Mechanisms of brain development and their role in health and well-being (1994) Daedalus, 123, pp. 155-165; Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , London: British Medical Journal; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , London: British Medical Journal; Hertzman, C., The lifelong impact of childhood experiences: A population health perspective (1994) Daedalus, 123, pp. 167-180; Elford, J., Whincup, P., Shaper, A.G., Early life experience and adult cardiovascular disease: Longitudinal and case-control studies (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 4, pp. 833-844; Forsdahl, A., Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br J Prevent Soc Med, 31, pp. 91-95; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Gliksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; Nystrom-Peck, A.M., The importance of childhood socioeconomic group for adult health (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 53-62; Schwartz, J.E., Freidman, H.S., Tucker, J.S., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D.L., Criqui, M.H., Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in childhood as predictors of adult mortality (1995) Am J Public Health, 85, pp. 1237-1245; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well-being: A meta-analysis (1991) J Marriage Fam, 53, pp. 43-58; Parker, G., Early environment (1972) Handbook of Affective Disorders, pp. 171-183. , Paykel ES (Ed) New York: Guildford Press; Tennant, C., Parental loss in childhood (1988) Arch Gen Psychol, 45, pp. 1045-1050; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Waaler, H.T.H., Height, weight and mortality. The Norwegian experience (1984) Acta Med Scand, (679 SUPPL.); Leon, D.A., Davey-Smith, G., Shipley, M., Strachan, D., Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socio economic confounding or shrinkage? (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 5-9; Nystrom-Peck, A.M., Vagero, D., Adult body height, self perceived health and mortality in the Swedish population (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 380-384; Elo, I.T., Preston, S.H., Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-85 (1996) Soc Sci Med, 42, pp. 47-57; Doornbos, G., Kromhout, D., Educational level and mortality in a 32-year follow-up study of 18-year old men in the Netherlands (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 374-379; Feldman, J.J., Makuc, D.M., Kleinman, J.C., Cornoni-Huntley, J., National trends in educational differentials in mortality (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 919-933; Valkonen, T., Adult mortality and level of education: A comparison of six countries (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, , Fox J (Ed) Aldershot: Gower; Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., Fisher, G., The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986 (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 103-108; (1977) Smoking or Health, , London: Pitman Medical; (1983) Health or Smoking. A Follow-up Report, , London: Pitman Medical; Karasek, R., Theorell, T., (1990) Healthy Work, , New York: Basic Books; Lerner, D.J., Levine, S., Malpeis, S., Job strain and health related quality of life in a national sample (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1580-1585; North, F.M., Syme, S.L., Feeney, A., Shipley, M., Marmot, M., Psychosocial work environment and sickness absence among British civil servants-the Whitehall II study (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 332-340; Manor, O., Matthews, S., Power, C., Comparing measures of health inequality (1997) Soc Sci Med, , In press; Dahl, E., Social equalities in ill-health: The significance of occupational status, education and income-results from a Norwegian survey (1994) Soc Health Illness, 16, pp. 644-667; Winkleby, M.A., Socioeconomic status and health: How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 816-820; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; Rutter, M., Childhood experiences and adult psychosocial functioning (1991) The Childhood Environment and Adult Disease, 156. , Bock GR, Whelan J (Eds) Chichester: Wiley/Ciba Foundation; Miller, J., Korenman, S., Poverty and children's nutritional status in the United States (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 233-243; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman Hall; Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., Waternaux, C., Needleman, H., Rabinowitz, M., Low-level lead exposure, social class, and infant development (1993) Neurotoxicol Teratol, 10, pp. 497-503; Moore, D.E., Hayward, M.D., Occupational careers and mortality of elderly men (1990) Demography, pp. 2731-2753; Mare, R.D., Socio-economic careers and differential mortality among older men in the United States (1990) Measurement and Mortality: New Approaches, pp. 362-387. , Vallin J, de Souza S, Polloni A (Eds) Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hart, C., Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Social mobility, health, and cardiovascular mortality (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 552-553; Werner, E.E., Children of the garden island (1989) Sci Am, APRIL, pp. 106-111; Tremblay, R.E., Masse, B., Perron, D., LeBlanc, M., Disruptive behaviour, poor school achievement, delinquent behaviour, and delinquent personality: Longitudinal analyses (1992) J Consult Clin Psychol, 60, pp. 64-72; Levenstein, P., O'Hara, J., Madden, J., The mother-child home program of the verbal interaction project (1983) Consortium for Longitudinal Studies As the Twig Is Bent, pp. 237-264. , New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Bromwich, R.M., Parmelee, A.H., An intervention program for pre-term infants (1979) Infants Born at Risk: Behaviour and Development, pp. 389-411. , Field TM, Sostek AM, Goldberg S, Shuman HH (Eds) New York: SP Medical and Scientific Books; Jester, R., Guinagh, B.J., The Gordon parent education infant and toddler program (1983) Consortium for Longitudinal Studies As the Twig Is Bent, pp. 103-132. , New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Andrews, S.R., Blumenthal, J.B., Johnson, D.L., The skills of mothering: A study of parent child development centres (1982) Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, p. 47; Ramey, C.T., Haskins, R., The modification of intelligence through early experience (1981) Intelligence, 5, pp. 5-19; Wasik, B.H., Ramey, C.T., Bryant, D.M., Sparling, J.J., A longitudinal study of two early intervention strategies: Project Care (1990) Child Dev, 61, pp. 1682-1696; Miller, L.B., Bizzell, R., The Louisville Experiment: A comparison of four programs (1983) Consortium for Longitudinal Studies As the Twig Is Bent, pp. 171-200. , New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Garber, H.L., Heber, R., The efficacy of early intervention with family rehabilitation (1981) Psychosocial Influences in Retarded Performance: Vol. II. Strategies for Improving Competence, 2, pp. 71-88. , Begab MJ, Haywood HC, Garber HL (Eds) Baltimore: University Park Press; Achenbach, T., Phares, V., Howell, C.T., Rauh, V., Seven-year outcome of the Vermont intervention program for low-birthweight infants (1990) Child Dev, 61, pp. 1672-1681; Barrera, M.E., Rosenbaum, P.L., Cunningham, C.E., Early home intervention with low-birthweight infants and their parents (1986) Child Dev, 57, pp. 20-33; McCormick, M.C., McCarton, C., Tonascia, J., Brookes-Gunn, J., Early educational intervention for very low birth weight infants: Results from the Infant Health and Development Program (1993) J Pediatr, 123, pp. 527-533; Ramey, C.T., Ramey, S.L., Effective early intervention (1992) Ment Retard, 30, pp. 337-345; Hertzman, C., Wiens, M., Child development and long-term outcomes: A population health perspective and summary of successful interventions (1996) Soc Sci Med, , In press; Offord, D.R., Jones, M.B., Skill development: A community intervention program for the prevention of antisocial behaviour (1983) Childhood Psychopathology and Development, , Guse SB, Earls JE, Barrett JE (Eds) New York: Raven; Schweinhart, L.J., Barnes, H.V., Weikart, D.P., Significant benefits: The High/Scope Perry preschool study through age 27 (1993) Monogr High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, p. 10; Power, C., Bartley, M., Health and health service use: Sex differences (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , Ferri E (Ed) London: ESRC, City University, National Children's Bureau UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030936292&partnerID=40&md5=9c6fc9d7e4bf4bfa1636f5a14f21be71 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cerebral lateralization is delayed in children who later develop schizophrenia T2 - Schizophrenia Research J2 - SCHIZOPHR. RES. VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 181 EP - 185 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00068-0 SN - 09209964 (ISSN) AU - Crow, T.J. AU - Done, D.J. AU - Sacker, A. AD - Prince of Wales Centre, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, Hertfordshire University, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, United Kingdom AB - The origins of schizophrenia are obscure. One suggestion is that it represents a component of the genetic variation associated with the establishment of dominance in one or other cerebral hemisphere, a mechanism that has been crucial in the evolution of language. Indices of cerebral hemispheric dominance (hand, foot and eye preference, speed of checking squares) recorded on the 16980 children in the UK National Child Development Study cohort were examined in relation to psychiatric admission by the age of 28 years. Diagnoses were established by the application of Present State Examination criteria to case notes. Pre-schizophrenic children (n = 34-36) were more likely (p < 0.0003) to be rated by their mothers as ambidextrous at the age of 7 years, and at 11 years were less (p < 0.01) strongly right-handed than their peers in the cohort population on a test of relative hand skill: children who later developed affective psychosis (n = 25) or neurosis (n = 60) did not differ significantly from controls. Delay in establishing dominance in one hemisphere could be the critical factor that predisposes to schizophrenia. KW - cerebral lateralization KW - dominance KW - handedness KW - pre-schizophrenia KW - schizophrenia KW - adult KW - article KW - child development KW - controlled study KW - hemispheric dominance KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - schizophrenia KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Affective Disorders, Psychotic KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dominance, Cerebral KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Functional Laterality KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Neurotic Disorders KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Schizophrenic Psychology KW - Schizotypal Personality Disorder N1 - Cited By :104 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SCRSE C2 - 9000315 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Crow, T.J.; Prince of Wales Centre, University Dept. of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom N1 - References: Annett, M., (1985) Left, Right, Hand and Brain, , Lawrence Erlbaum, London; Bilder, R.M., Wu, H., Bogerts, B., Degreef, G., Ashtari, M., Alivir, J.M.J., Snyder, P.J., Lieberman, J.A., Absence of regional hemispheric volume asymmetries in first episode schizophrenia (1994) Am. J. Psychiatry, 151, pp. 1437-1447; Calnan, M., Richardson, K., Developmental correlates of handedness in a national sample of 11-year-olds (1976) Ann. Hum. Biol., 3, pp. 329-342; Crichton-Browne, J., On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane (1879) Brain, 2, pp. 42-67; Crow, T.J., Temporal lobe asymmetries as the key to the etiology of schizophrenia (1990) Schizophr. Bull., 16, pp. 433-443; Crow, T.J., A Darwinian approach to the origins of psychosis (1995) Br. J. Psychiatry, 167, pp. 12-25; Crow, T.J., Crow, L.R., Done, D.J., (1996) The Perils of Hemispheric Indecision, , Unpublished; DeLisi, L.E., Sakuma, M., Xie, S.-H., Kushner, M., Finer, D.L., Hoff, A.L., Crow, T.J., Anomalous cerebral asymmetry in first episode schizophrenia (1996) Schizophr. Bull., , in press; Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Johnstone, E.C., Sacker, A., Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Social adjustment at ages 7 and 11 (1994) Br. Med. J., 309, pp. 699-703; Falkai, P., Bogerts, B., Greve, B., Pfeiffer, U., Machus, B., Folsch-Reetz, B., Majtenyi, C., Overy, I., Loss of sylvian fissure asymmetry in schizophrenia. A quantitative post-mortem study (1992) Schizophr. Res., 7, pp. 23-32; Flor-Henry, P., Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy, a controlled investigation (1969) Epilepsia, 10, pp. 363-395; Green, M.F., Satz, P., Smith, C., Nelson, L.D., Is there atypical handedness in schizophrenia? (1989) J. Abnorm. Psychol., 98, pp. 57-61; Gur, R.E., Motoric laterality imbalance in schizophrenia (1977) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 34, pp. 33-37; Jablensky, A., Sartorius, N., Ernberg, G., Anker, M., Korten, A., Cooper, J.E., Day, R., Bertelsen, A., Schizophrenia: Manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures (1992) Psychol. Med. Suppl., 20, pp. 1-97. , A World Health Organization Ten Country Study; Nasrallah, H.A., The unintegrated right cerebral hemispheric consciousness as alien intruder: A possible mechanism for Schneiderian delusions in Schizophrenia (1985) Comp. Psychiatry, 26, pp. 273-282; Shepherd, P.M., An introduction to the background to the study and methods of data collection (1985) Anonymous, The National Child Development Study, , Social Statistics Research Unit. City University, London; Southard, E.E., On the topographical distribution of cortex lesions and anomalies in dementia praecox, with some account of their functional significance (1915) Am. J. Insanity, 71, pp. 603-671; Taylor, P.J., Hemispheric lateralization and schizophrenia (1987) Biological Perspectives in Schizophrenia, pp. 213-236. , Helmchen, H. and Henn, F.A. (Eds.) Wiley, Chichester; Whittington, J.E., Richards, P.N., Mathematical ability and the right-shift theory of handedness (1991) Neuropsychologia, 29, pp. 1075-1082; Wigan, A.L., (1844) A New View of Insanity: The Duality of Mind, , Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London; Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Witelson, S.F., Kigar, D.L., Asymmetry of brain function follows asymmetry in anatomical form: Gross, microscopic, postmortem and imaging studies (1988) Handbook of Neuropsychology, pp. 111-142. , Boiler, F. and Grafman, J. (Eds.) Elsevier, Amsterdam UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030589704&doi=10.1016%2fS0920-9964%2896%2900068-0&partnerID=40&md5=24879e9f887145d259294b426c300a11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Employment after childbearing and women's subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort T2 - Journal of Population Economics J2 - J. Popul. Econ. VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 325 EP - 348 PY - 1996 SN - 09331433 (ISSN) AU - Joshi, H. AU - Macran, S. AU - Dex, S. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1 V 0HB, United Kingdom AD - University of Leeds, Psychol. Therapies Research Centre, 17 Blenheim Terrace, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom AD - University of Cambridge, Judge Institute of Management, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1AG, United Kingdom AB - Data on women from the British 1958 Cohort Study is used as evidence on the determinants of their labour force participation at age 33. A conventional cross-sectional model of full or part-time employment makes use of some longitudinal material not normally included in such models. Whether the woman made the hitherto customary break from employment at the time of the first maternity is included in recognition that this cohort was among the first generation to be offered Statutory Maternity Leave. Results suggest that the presence of children (still) inhibits full-time employment and raises the probability of part-time employment; that income effects on participation have continued to weaken while wage elasticity for full-time employment is high. Continuity of employment straight after childbearing raises the chances of subsequent full-time employment, but by no means guarantees it. Gains from maternity leave and other family friendly employment policies have been far from uniform. KW - Childbirth KW - Labor force participation KW - Maternity leave KW - article KW - Demographic Factors KW - demography KW - developed country KW - Economic Factors KW - economics KW - employment KW - Employment Status--women KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - family planning KW - Family Policy KW - family size KW - fertility KW - health care manpower KW - Human Resources KW - income KW - Labor Force--determinants KW - Maternity Benefits KW - Microeconomic Factors KW - Northern Europe KW - policy KW - population KW - population dynamics KW - social class KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Employment Status--women KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Policy KW - Family Size KW - Fertility KW - Human Resources KW - Income KW - Labor Force--determinants KW - Maternity Benefits KW - Microeconomic Factors KW - Northern Europe KW - Policy KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Social Policy KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - United Kingdom KW - Demography KW - Developed Countries KW - Economics KW - Employment KW - Europe KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Planning Policy KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - Health Manpower KW - Income KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Public Policy KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :48 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12291886 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joshi, H.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1 V 0HB, United Kingdom; email: hj@ssru.city.ac.uk N1 - References: Dale, A., Joshi, H., The economic and social status of british women (1992) Acta Demographica, pp. 27-46. , Butler G, Heilig G, Schmitt-Rink G (eds) Physica Verlag, Heidelberg; Dex, S., (1984) Women's Work Histories: An Analysis of the Women and Employment Survey, , Research Paper 46, Department of Employment. London: HMSO; Dex, S., Shaw, L.B., (1986) British and American Women at Work: Do Equal Opportunities Policies Matter?, , Macmillan, Basingstoke; Dex, S., Walters, P., Franco-british comparisons of women's labour supply and the effects of social policies (1992) Oxford Economic Papers, 44, pp. 25-56; Dex, S., Walters, P., Alden, D.M., (1993) French and British Mothers at Work, , Macmillan, Basingstoke; Dex, S., Smith, N., Callan, T., Gustafsson, S.S., Cross-national comparisons of the labour force participation of women married to unemployed men (1995) Oxford Economic Papers (Forthcoming); Ermisch, J.F., (1991) Lone Parenthood: An Economic Analysis, , National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London; Ermisch, J., Wright, R., Differential returns to human capital in full-and part-time employment (1992) Women's Work in the World Economy, pp. 195-212. , Folbre N, Bergmann B, Agarwal B, Floro M (eds) Macmillan, London; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Survey, , National Childrens Bureau, London; Georgellis, Y., Papapanagos, H., "Lone mothers" participation and full-time work probabilities: The effect of childcare expenditure (1995) EMRU Labour Markets Conference, , University of Dundee, July 1995; Greenhalgh, C.A., Participation and hours of work for married women in great britain (1980) Oxford Economic Papers, 32, pp. 296-318; Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J., (1995) More Work in Fewer Households?, , Discussion Paper 72, National Institute of Economic and Social Research; Hornstein, Z., Grice, J., Webb, A., (1981) The Economics of the Labour Market, , HMSO, London; Jenkins, S.P., (1994) Winners and Losers: A Portrait of the UK Income Distribution During the 1980s, , Discussion paper 94-07, Department of Economics, University College Wales, Swansea; Joshi, H., (1984) Participation in Paid Work: Further Analysis of the Women and Employment Survey, , Research Paper 45, Department of Employment, London: HMSO; Joshi, H., Participation in paid work: Evidence from the women and employment survey (1986) Unemployment, Search and Labour Supply, pp. 217-242. , Blundell R, Walker I (eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Joshi, H., Obstacles and opportunities for lone parents as breadwinners in great britain (1990) Lone Parent Families: The Economic Challenge, pp. 127-150. , Duskin E (ed) OECD, Paris; Joshi, H., Hinde, P.R.A., Employment after child-bearing in post-war britain: Cohort study evidence on contrasts within and across generations (1993) European Sociological Review, 9, pp. 203-227; Joshi, H., Davies, H., Daycare in europe and mothers' foregone earnings (1992) International Labour Review, 131, pp. 561-579; Joshi, H., Davies, H., Financial dependency on men: Have women born in 1958 broken free? (1996) Policy Studies, 17, pp. 35-54; Joshi, H., Paci, P., Waldfogel, J., (1996) The Wages of Motherhood: Better or Worse?, , Welfare State Working Paper 122, STICERD, London School of Economics; Kempeneers, M., Lelievre, E., Employment and family in the european community (1990) Eurobarometer, 34. , Commission of the European Communities, Brussels; Killingsworth, M.R., (1983) Labor Supply, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Layard, P.R.G., Barton, M., Zabalza, A., Married women's participation and hours (1980) Economica, 47, pp. 51-72; McRae, S., (1991) Maternity Rights in Great Britain, , Policy Studies Institute, London; Macran, S., Joshi, H., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing: A survical analysis (1996) Work, Employment and Society, , in press; Moss, P., (For European childcare network) child care in the European community, 1985-1990 (1990) Women of Europe Supplements; Mroz, T.A., The sensitivity of an empirical model of married women's hours of work to economic and statistical assumptions (1987) Econometrica, 55, pp. 765-799; Paci, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., Pay gaps facing men and women born in 1958: Differences within the labour market (1995) The Economics of Equal Opportunity, , Ruberty J, Humphries J (eds) Equal Opportunities Commission, Manchester; Paci, P., Joshi, H., (1996) Wage Differentials Between Men and Women: Evidence from the Cohort Studies, , Research Report 71, Department for Education and Employment, Sheffield; Waldfogel, J., Women working for less: A longitudinal analysis of the family gap (1995) Oxford Economic Papers, 47, pp. 584-610; Ward, C., Dale, A., Joshi, H., Combining employment with childcare: An escape from dependence? (1996) Journal of Social Policy, 25, pp. 223-247 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030305447&partnerID=40&md5=75226a0b12d57367e4c676ace81f3546 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational mobility among the rich and poor : Results from the national child development survey T2 - Oxford Review of Economic Policy J2 - Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 127 EP - 142 PY - 1996 SN - 0266903X (ISSN) AU - Johnson, P. AU - Reed, H. AD - Institute for Fiscal Studies N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Institute for Fiscal Studies N1 - References: Atkinson, A.B., On Intergenerational Income in Britain (1981) Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 3, pp. 194-218; Maynard, A., Trinder, C., (1983) Parents and Children: Incomes in Two Generations, , London, Heinemann; Decker, G., Tomes, N., Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families (1986) Journal of Labour Economics, 4 (3), pp. S1-S39; Behrman, J.R., Taubman, P., Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in the United States: Some Estimates and a Test of Becker's Intergenerational Endowments Model (1985) Review of Economics and Statistics, 67, pp. 144-151; Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., (1995) Intergenerational Mobility in Britain, , IFS Working Paper No. W95/ 20; Solon, G., Biases in the Estimation of Intergenerational Earnings Correlations (1989) Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, pp. 172-174; Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States (1992) American Economic Review, 82, pp. 393-408; Zimmerman, D.J., Regression Toward Mediocrity in Economic Stature (1992) American Economic Review, 82, pp. 409-429 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0040875300&partnerID=40&md5=51af6427ea45d0b15f2e70ee8d57dc31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Outcome in low risk pregnancies T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. VL - 75 IS - 2 SP - F97 EP - F102 PY - 1996 SN - 13592998 (ISSN) AU - Arya, R. AU - Pethen, T. AU - Johanson, R.B. AU - Spencer, S.A. AD - Department of Paediatrics, North Staffordshire Hospital, University of Keele, Stoke on Trent, United Kingdom AD - Department of Obstetrics AD - Department of Paediatrics, North Staffordshire Hospital, University of Keele, Staffordshire ST4 6QG, United Kingdom AB - Aims - To determine the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of a cohort of very low risk pregnancies in hospital, that would be suitable for home delivery. Methods - A retrospective analysis was undertaken of computerised records covering five years from July 1988 to August 1993 of 32424 pregnant women who delivered at the North Staffordshire Maternity Hospital, Stoke on Trent, during that period. Results - Of 32424 deliveries, only 1314 (4%) fulfilled our criteria for being low risk. Sixty seven (5.1%) of the low risk group had an operative delivery, with Caesarean section accounting for 32 (2.4%) cases, 16 (23.9%) babies were resuscitated and three were intubated. A normal vaginal delivery occurred in 1245 women, but a paediatrician attended 122 births (9.22%), assisted ventilation was provided in 65 cases (5.2%), and five babies were intubated (0.4%). Fourteen babies in total were admitted to the neonatal unit and one died. Conclusions - These results suggest that at least 5% of women suitable for delivery at home will require transfer in labour. Midwives attending home births must be skilled in bag and mask resuscitation as only rarely will an urgent intubation be required. The British Paediatric Association Working Party report on neonatal resuscitation suggests a need for resuscitation in only 0.2% of low risk deliveries: but these findings suggest that the need is greater. KW - Home birth KW - Low risk deliveries KW - Neonatal resuscitation KW - article KW - childbirth KW - home care KW - human KW - intensive care KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - newborn morbidity KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy complication KW - priority journal KW - resuscitation KW - treatment outcome KW - vaginal delivery KW - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Female KW - Home Childbirth KW - Hospitals, Maternity KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal KW - Intubation, Intratracheal KW - Patient Transfer KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 8949691 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Arya, R.; Department of Paediatrics, North Staffordshire Hospital, University of Keele, Staffordshire ST4 6QG, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1993) Changing Childbirth: The Report of the Expert Maternity Group, , (Cumberlege report) London: HMSO; (1993) Changing Childbirth, , London: HMSO; Shearer, J.M.L., A five-year prospective survey of risk of booking for a home birth (1985) BMJ, 291, pp. 1478-1480; Klein, M., Lloyd, I., Redman, C., Bull, M., Turnbull, A.C., A comparison of low-risk pregnant women booked for delivery in two systems of care (1983) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 90, pp. 118-122; Ford, C., Iliffe, S., Franklin, O., Outcome of planned home births in an inner city practice (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1517-1519; Duran, A.M., The safety of home birth: The farm study (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 450-453; MacVicar, J., Dobbie, G., Owen-Johnstone, L., Jagger, C., Hopkins, M., Kennedy, J., Simulated home delivery in hospital: A randomised controlled trial (1993) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 100, pp. 316-323; Albers, L.L., Katz, V.L., Birth setting for low-risk pregnancies: An analysis of the current literature (1991) J Nurse Midwifery, 36, pp. 215-220; Eskes, T.K., Home deliveries in the Netherlands - Perinatal mortality and morbidity (1992) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 38, pp. 161-169; Dixon, E.A., Review of maternity patients suitable for home delivery (1982) BMJ, 284, pp. 1753-1755; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality. The First Report on the 1958 Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh and London: E & S Livingstone; (1963) Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in England and Wales 1958-60. Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects No. 108, , London: HMSO; Van Alten, D., Eskes, M., Treffers, P.E., Midwifery in the Netherlands. The Wormerveer study; selection, mode of delivery, perinatal mortality and infant morbidity (1989) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 96 (96), pp. 656-662; Oppenheimer, C., Organising midwifery care in the Netherlands (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1400-1402; (1980) Perinatal and Neonatal Mortality, 1. , Second Report from the Social Services Committee, Session 1979-80, Cmnd 663-1. London: HMSO; (1970) Domiciliary Midwifery and Maternity Bed Needs, , London: HMSO; Campbell, R., Macfarlane, A.J., (1987) Where to Be Born? The Debate and the Evidence. 2nd Edn., , Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; Cole, S.K., McIlwaine, G.M., The use of risk factors in predicting possible consequences of changing patterns of care in pregnancy (1994) The Future of Maternity Services, pp. 65-72. , Chamberlain G, Patel N, eds. London: Royal College of Gynaecologists; Chard, T., Learmont, J., Carroll, S., Hudson, C., Lloyd, D.S., Sloan, D., Evaluation of a fetal risk-scoring system (1992) Am J Perinatol, 9, pp. 388-393; Bull, M.J.V., Selection of women for community obstetric care (1994) The Future of Maternity Services, pp. 73-81. , Chamberlain G, Patel N, eds. London: Royal College of Gynaecologists; (1992) Hospital and Health Board Comparisons in Obstetrics 1988-1990, p. 57. , Edinburgh: Information & Statistics Division; (1993) Neonatal Resuscitation: Report of a BPA Working Party, , London: BPA; Palme-Kilander, C., Methods of resuscitation in low-Apgar score newborn infants - A national survey (1992) Acta Paediatr, 81, pp. 739-744; Sackin, P., Maternity services (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 1056-1057; Balen, A., Maternity services (1992) BMJ, 304, p. 1057; McGarry, J., Maternity services (1992) BMJ, 304, p. 1057; Fleissig, A., Cartwright, A., Women's preference for place of birth (1992) BMJ, 305, p. 476; Newburn, M., Women's preference for place of birth (1992) BMJ, 305, p. 476; Glasier, A., Anderson, F., Women's preference for place of birth (1992) BMJ, 305, p. 476; Johnson, M., Haddad, S., Smith, J., Wong, A., Women prefer hospital births (1992) BMJ, 305, p. 255; Sullivan, C., Leslie, A., Stephenson, T., Emergency transport for neonates after home deliveries (1994) BMJ, 309, p. 742; Young, G., Drife, J., Home or hospital birth? (1992) Practioner, 236, pp. 672-674; Kargar, I., Every woman's rights (1992) Nursing Times, 88, p. 66; Young, G.L., Place of birth (1994) The Future of Maternity Services, pp. 53-60. , Chamberlain G, Patel N, eds. London: Royal College of Gynaecologists; McClure, B.G., The role of the paediatrician (1994) The Future of Maternity Services, pp. 240-243. , Chamberlain G, Patel N, eds. London: Royal College of Gynaecologists UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029793206&partnerID=40&md5=7b9c54a49c371a24b5c47f3244e0cbc6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Logistic regression models for binary panel data with attrition T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society J2 - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc. VL - 159 IS - 2 SP - 249 EP - 263 PY - 1996 SN - 09641998 (ISSN) AU - Fitzmaurice, G.M. AU - Heath, A.F. AU - Clifford, P. AD - Nuffield College, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Jesus College, Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Nuffield College, New Road, Oxford, OX1 1NF, United Kingdom AB - We discuss ways of analysing panel data when the response is binary and there is attrition or drop-out. In general, informative or non-ignorable drop-out models are non-identifiable and arbitrary constraints on the drop-out model must be imposed before carrying out a statistical analysis. The problem is particularly acute when predictors as well as response variables are lost by attrition. We describe a likelihood-based method for dealing with the drop-out process in this difficult case and show how the effect of non-identifiability can be reduced by importing additional data from a cross-sectional survey of the same population. The methods are primarily motivated by data from the 1987-92 British Election Panel Study and the 1992 British Election Study. KW - Em algorithm KW - Identifiability KW - Longitudinal data KW - Marginal models KW - Missing data N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fitzmaurice, G.M.; Nuffield College, New Road, Oxford, OX1 1NF, United Kingdom; email: fitzmaur@vax.ox.ac.uk N1 - References: Bahadur, R.R., A representation of the joint distribution of responses to n dichotomous items (1961) Studies in Item Analysis and Prediction, pp. 158-168. , ed. H. Solomon, Stanford: Stanford University Press; Becker, M.P., Balagtas, C.C., Marginal modeling of binary cross-over data (1993) Biometrics, 49, pp. 997-1009; Bishop, Y.M.M., Fienberg, S.E., Holland, P.W., (1975) Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice, , Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press; Bonney, G.E., Logistic regression for dependent binary observations (1987) Biometrics, 43, pp. 951-973; Connolly, M.A., Liang, K.-Y., Conditional logistic regression models for correlated binary data (1988) Biometrika, 75, pp. 501-506; Dawber, T.R., (1980) The Framingham Study: The Epidemiology of Atherosclerotic Disease, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B., Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm (1977) J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 39, pp. 1-38; Diggle, P., Kenward, M.G., Informative drop-out in longitudinal data analysis (1994) Appl. Statist., 43, pp. 49-93; Dockery, D.W., Speizer, F.E., Stram, D.O., Ware, J.H., Spengler, J.D., Ferris, B.G., Effects of inhalable particles on respiratory health of children (1989) Am. Rev. Resp. Dis., 139, pp. 587-594; Ekholm, A., Fitting regression models to a multivariate binary response (1991) A Spectrum of Statistical Thought: Essays in Statistical Theory, Economics, and Population Genetics in Honour of Johan Fellman, pp. 19-32. , eds G. Rosenqvist, K. Juselius, K. Nordstr̈om and J. Palmgren, Helsinki: Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration; Farrant, G., O'Muircheartaigh, C., Components of nonresponse bias in the British Election Surveys (1991) Understanding Political Change, pp. 235-249. , eds A. F. Heath, R. Jowell, J. Curtice, G. Evans, J. Field and S. Witherspoon, Oxford: Pergamon; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Fitzmaurice, G.M., Laird, N.M., A likelihood-based method for analysing longitudinal binary responses (1993) Biometrika, 80, pp. 141-151; Fitzmaurice, G.M., Laird, N.M., Rotnitzky, A.G., Regression models for discrete longitudinal responses (1993) Statist. Sci., 8, pp. 248-309; Fitzmaurice, G.M., Laird, N.M., Zahner, G.E.P., Multivariate logistic models for incomplete binary responses (1996) J. Am. Statist. Ass., , to be published; Gallie, D., Vogler, C., Labour market depreciation, welfare and collectivism (1994) Social Change and the Experience of Unemployment, pp. 299-330. , eds D. Gallie, C. Marsh and C. Vogler, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Glonek, G.F.V., McCullagh, P., Multivariate logistic models (1995) J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 57, pp. 533-546; Glynn, R.J., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B., Selection modelling versus mixture modelling with nonignorable nonresponse (1986) Drawing Inferences from Self-selected Samples, pp. 115-142. , ed. H. Wainer, New York: Springer; Multiple imputation in mixture models for nonignorable nonresponse with follow-ups (1993) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 88, pp. 984-993; Hausman, J.A., Wise, D.A., Attrition bias in experimental and panel data: The Gary Income Maintenance Experience (1979) Econometrica, 46, pp. 455-473; Heath, A.F., Jowell, R., Curtice, J., (1994) Labour's Last Chance?, , Aldershot: Dartmouth Press; Heath, A.F., Jowell, R., Curtice, J., Evans, G., Field, J., Witherspoon, S., (1991) Understanding Political Change, , Oxford: Pergamon; Heckman, J., The common structure of statistical models of truncation, sample selection, limited dependent variables and a simple estimator for such models (1976) Ann. Econ. Socl Measmnt, 5, pp. 475-492; Korn, E.L., Whittemore, A.S., Methods for analyzing panel studies of acute health effects of air pollution (1979) Biometrics, 35, pp. 795-802; Lang, J., Agresti, A.A., Simultaneously modeling joint and marginal distributions on multivariate categorical responses (1994) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 89, pp. 625-632; Liang, K.-Y., Zeger, S.L., Qaqish, B., Multivariate regression analyses for categorical data (1992) J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 54, pp. 3-40; Lipsitz, S.R., Laird, N.M., Harrington, D.P., Maximum likelihood regression methods for paired binary data (1990) Statist. Med., 9, pp. 1517-1525; Little, R.J.A., Pattern-mixture models for multivariate incomplete data (1993) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 88, pp. 125-134; Little, R.J.A., Rubin, D.B., (1987) Statistical Analysis with Missing Data, , New York: Wiley; Little, R.J.A., Schluchter, M.D., Maximum likelihood estimation for mixed continuous and categorical data with missing values (1985) Biometrika, 72, pp. 497-512; Marshall, G., Rose, D., Newby, H., Vogler, C., Political quiescence among the unemployed in modern Britain (1988) Social Stratification and Economic Change, pp. 193-225. , ed. D. Rose, London: Hutchinson; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, 2nd Edn., , New York: Chapman and Hall; Molenberghs, G., Kenward, M.G., Lesaffre, E., (1994) The Analysis of Longitudinal Ordinal Data with Informative Dropout, , To be published; Molenberghs, G., Lesaffre, E., Marginal modelling of correlated ordinal data using an n-way Plackett distribution (1994) J. Am. Statist. Ass., 89, pp. 633-644; Neuhaus, J.M., Jewell, N.P., Some comments on Rosner's multiple logistic model for clustered data (1990) Biometrics, 46, pp. 523-531; Olkin, I., Tate, R.F., Multivariate correlation models with mixed discrete and continuous variables (1961) Ann. Math. Statist., 32, pp. 448-465; Paulson, B., The economy and the 1992 election (1994) Labour's Last Chance?, pp. 85-106. , eds A. F. Heath, R. Jowell and J. Curtice, Aldershot: Dartmouth Press; Qu, Y.S., Williams, G.W., Beck, G.J., Goormastic, M., A generalized model of logistic regression for correlated data (1987) Communs Statist. Theory Meth., 16, pp. 3447-3476; Rose, D., Micro-social change in Britain: An outline of the role and objectives of the British Household Panel Study (1991) Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, , paper 1. Colchester: University of Essex; Rosner, B., Multivariate methods in ophthalmology with applications to other paired data situations (1984) Biometrics, 40, pp. 1025-1035; Rothenberg, T.J., Identification in parametric models (1971) Econometrica, 39, pp. 577-591; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-188. , ed. E. Ferri, appendix I, London: National Children's Bureau; Zeger, S.L., Liang, K.-Y., Self, S.G., The analysis of binary longitudinal data with time-independent covariates (1985) Biometrika, 72, pp. 31-38 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042542717&partnerID=40&md5=9791bf440a56287bf25fb53cca4218f0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accuracy of anthropometric measurements: Past, present, and future T2 - Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal J2 - Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J. VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 18 PY - 1996 SN - 10556656 (ISSN) AU - Farkas, L.G. AD - Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. AD - Craniofacial Measurements Laboratory, Craniofacial Program, Division of Plastic Surgery AD - Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada AD - 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont. M5G 1X8, Canada AB - Experience, based on anthropometric examination of over 1000 children with facial syndromes and more than 2400 healthy subjects of both sexes and various ages, has led me to diverge in some points from the more usual views found in the physical anthropologic literature. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the major controversial topics associated with anthropometric measurement. These include the problems associated with formation of a representative population sample, the relative validity of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, the interpretation of intraobserver and interobserver testings, and the questionable judgments of mensurative skill in clinical practice. The factors influencing the accuracy of anthropometric measurements, definitions of both the consistent and less reliable measurements, and the duration of validity of anthropometric normative data are also discussed. KW - Duration of normative data KW - Factors influencing the quality of measurements KW - Medical (surgical) anthropometry KW - Physical anthropometry KW - Testing the quality of mensurative skill KW - Validity of normative data KW - accuracy KW - anthropometry KW - caucasian KW - craniofacial morphology KW - environmental factor KW - ethnic difference KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - observer variation KW - population research KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - reliability KW - review KW - socioeconomics KW - Anthropometry KW - Cephalometry KW - Child KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Environment KW - Ethnic Groups KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Judgment KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Observer Variation KW - Population KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Research Design KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :87 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CPJOE C2 - 8849854 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Farkas, L.G.555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont. M5G 1X8, Canada N1 - References: Alexeeva, T.I., (1986) Adaptive Processes in Human Populations (In Russian), , Moscow: Izdavatelstvo Moskovskogo Universiteta; Baltes, P.B., Longitudinal and cross-sectional sequences in the study of age and generation effects (1968) Human Development, 11, pp. 145-171; Blažek, V., Hajniš, K., Brůžek, J., Growth dynamics of the neurocranium in Czech and Slovak children (1985) Acta Univ Carol Biol, (1982-1984), pp. 207-215. , Hajniš K, ed Growth and ontogenetical development in man. Proceedings of the Symposium. Prague, 1983; Boas, F., The growth of children as influenced by environment and hereditary conditions (1923) School Soc, 17, pp. 305-308; Borkan, G.A., Norris, A.H., Assessment of biological age using a profile of physical parameters (1980) J Gerontol, 35, pp. 177-184; Borkan, G.A., Hults, D.E., Glyn, R.J., Role of longitudinal change and secular trend in age differences in male body dimensions (1983) Hum Biol, 55, pp. 629-641; Brues, A.M., Regional differences in the physical characteristics of an American population (1946) Am J Phys Anthropol, 4, pp. 463-481; Brůžek, J., Hajniš, K., Blažek, V., Regional differences between head indices in Czechoslovak children (1982) Proceedings of the 11th Anthropological Congress of Aleš Hrdlička, pp. 93-97. , Novotný VV, ed. Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Crocker, L., Algina, J., Introduction to classical and modern test theory (1986) Introduction to Generalizability Theory, pp. 157-191. , Crocker L, Algina J. eds. Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston; Daniel, R.K., Farkas, L.G., Rhinoplasty: Image and reality (1988) Clin Plast Surg, 15, pp. 1-10; Daniel, R.K., Farkas, L.G., Anthropometric measurements in rhinoplasty: A clinical approach (1994) Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 2nd Ed., pp. 139-150. , Farkas LG, ed. New York:Raven Press; Davenport, C.B., Post-natal development of the head (1940) Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 83. , Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society; Deutsch, C.K., Farkas, L.G., Quantitative methods of dysmorphology diagnosis (1994) Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 2nd Ed., pp. 151-158. , Farkas LG, ed. New York: Raven Press; Dittrich, J., Erbenová, V., Felter, V., Tošovský, V., Die Anwendung der Kraniologie bei der Heilung von Kraniosynostosen (1968) Anthropologie, 2, pp. 63-65; Farkas, L.G., (1981) Anthropometry of the Head and Face in Medicine, , New York: Elsevier; Farkas, L.G., Katic, M.J., Hreczko, T.A., Deutsch, C.K., Munro, I.R., Anthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults (1984) Am J Orthod, 86, pp. 52-60; Farkas, L.G., Posnick, J.C., Hkeczko, T.A., Pron, G.E., Growth and development of regional units in the head and face based on anthropometric measurements (1992) Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 29, pp. 301-329; Farkas, L.G., Examination (1994) Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 2nd Ed., pp. 3-56. , Farkas LG, ed. New York: Raven Press; Farkas, L.G., Sources of error in anthropometry and anthroposcopy (1994) Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 2nd Ed., pp. 57-70. , Farkas LG, ed. New York: Raven Press; Farkas, L.G., Hreczko, T.A., Age-related changes in selected linear and angular measurements of the craniofacial complex in healthy North American Caucasians (1994) Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 2nd Ed., pp. 89-102. , Farkas LG, ed. New York: Raven Press; Farkas, L.G., Hreczko, T.A., Katic, M.J., Craniofacial norms in North American Caucasians from birth (one year) to young adulthood (1994) Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 2nd Ed., pp. 241-332. , Farkas LG, ed. New York: Raven Press; Galli, G., Studio antropometrico sul bimbo Modenese dell'eta scolare (1960) Endocrinologia E Scienza Della Costituzione, 26, pp. 160-191; Gavan, J.A., The consistency of anthropometric measurements (1950) Am J Phys Anthropol, 8, pp. 417-426; Goldstein, M.S., Changes in dimensions and form of the face and head with age (1936) Am J Phys Anthropol, 22, pp. 37-89; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Hajniš, K., Farkas, L.G., Anthropological record for congenital developmental defects of the face (especially clefts) (1969) Acta Chir Plast, 11, pp. 261-267; Hajniš, K., Kopf - . Ohrmuschel - und Handwachstum. (Verwendung bei den Operationen der angeborenen Missbildungen und Unfallsfolgen) (1974) Acta Univ Carol Biol, (1972), pp. 77-294; Hajniš, K., Body differences in Moravian women under the influence of geographical regions (1978) Proc Symp Natur Select Liblice, pp. 355-371. , Praha: ČSAV; Hajniš, K., Brůžek, J., Blažek, V., The development of basic bodily characteristics in Czech and Slovak chidren (1984) Acta Univ Carol Biol, (1981), pp. 47-57. , Hajniš K, ed. Growth and ontogenetical development in man. Proceedings of the Symposium. Prague 1981; Hajniš, K., Brůžek, J., Blažek, V., (1989) Growth of Czech and Slovak Children (In Czech), , Praha: Academia; Hajniš, K., Die neue Wachstumsnormen der tschechischen und slowakischen Kinder und Jugendlichen (1993) Anthrop Anz, 51, pp. 207-224; Hajniš, K., Farkas, L.G., Ngim, R.C.K., Lee, S.T., Venkatadri, G., Racial and ethnic morphometric differences in the craniofacial complex (1994) Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 2nd Ed., pp. 201-218. , Farkas LG, ed. New York: Raven Press; Hajnišová, M., Growth of the nose and mouth in children of 6 to 18 years of age (1969) Transaction of the Fourth International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, pp. 467-471. , Sanvenero-Roselli G, Boggio-Robutti G, eds. Amsterdam: Excepta Medica Foundation; Hallman, N., Backstrom, L., Kantero, R.-L., Tusala, R., Studies on growth of Finnish children from birth to ten years (1971) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 220, pp. 5-48; Hamill, P.V.V., Drizd, T.A., Johnson, C.L., Reed, R.B., Roche, A.F., (1977) NCHS Growth Curves for Children Birth-18 Years, , U.S. Department of Health. Education and Welfare. Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service. National Center for Health Statistics; Hautvast, J., Growth in stature and head and face measurements in Dutch children aged 7 to 14 (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 340-343; Hertzberg, H.T.E., Churchil, E., Dupertuis, W., White, R.M., Damon, A., (1963) Anthropometric Survey of Turkey, Greece and Italy, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Hinton, R.J., Carlson, D.S., Temporal changes in human tempomandibular joint size and shape (1979) Am J Phys Anthropol, 50, pp. 325-333; Hrdlička, A., (1920) Anthropometry, , Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology; Jamison, P.L., Zegura, S.L., A univariate and multi variate examination of measurement error in anthropometry (1974) Am J Phys Anthropol, 36, pp. 197-204; Jamison, P.L., Ward, R.E., Brief communication, measurement size, precision, and reliability in craniofacial anthropometry: Bigger is better (1993) Am J Phys Anthropol, 90, pp. 495-500; Jordaan, H.V.F., Neonatal and maternal cranial form (1976) SA Med J, 50, pp. 2064-2068; Johnston, F.E., Cross-sectional versus longitudinal studies (1974) Adv Exp Med Biol, 49, pp. 287-308; Kantero, R.-L., Tiisala, R., Growth of head circumference from birth to 18 years (1971) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 220, pp. 27-32; Karlberg, P., Taranger, J., Engstrom, I., Physical growth from birth to 16 years and longitudinal outcome of the study during the same age period (1976) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 258, pp. 7-76; Keyfitz, N., (1942) A Height and Weight Survery of Toronto Elementary School Children 1939, , Ottawa: Government of Canada, Dominion Bureau of Statistics (Social Analysis Branch); Kolar, J.C., Munro, I.R., Farkas, L.G., Anthropometric evaluation of dysmorphology in craniofacial anomalies: Treacher Collins syndrome (1987) Am J Phys Anthropol, 74, pp. 441-451; Kolar, J.C., Methods in anthropometric studies (1993) Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 30, pp. 429-431; Krogman, W.M., Vital data on the population of the Seminole Indians of Florida and Oklahoma (1935) Hum Biol, 7, pp. 319-334; KRUPNIK II, 1973, cited by Tegako LI 1990; Largo, R.H., Dlc, G., Head growth and changes in head configuration in healthy preterm and term infants during the first six months of life (1977) Helv Paediatr Acta, 32, pp. 431-442; Largo, R.H., Gasser, T.H., Prader, A., Stuetzle, W., Hlber, P.J., Analysis of the adolescent growth spurt using smoothing spline functions (1978) Ann Hum Biol, 5, pp. 421-434; Lhotská, L., Bláha, P., Vignerová, J., Roth, Z., Prokopec, M., (1993) Fifth Nation-wide Anthropological Survey of Children and Adolescents (Czech Republic): Anthropometric Characteristics, , Praha: National Institute of Public Health; Lindgren, G., Growth of school children with early, average, and late ages of peak height velocity (1978) Ann Hum Biol, 5, pp. 253-267; Ljung, B.-O., Bergsten-Brucefors, A., Lindgren, G., The secular trend in physical growth in Sweden (1974) Ann Hum Biol, 3, pp. 245-256; Low, W.D., The cross-sectional, longitudinal, and mixed longitudinal methods in the study of human growth (1970) Z Morph Anthrop, 62, pp. 249-258; Martin, R., Saller, K., (1957) Lehrbuch Der Anthropologie in Systematischer Darstellung, , Stuttgart: G Fisher; Mccammon, R.W., (1970) Human Growth and Development, , Springfield. IL: CC Thomas; Meredith, H.V., Stature of Massachusetts children of North European and Italian ancestry (1939) Am J Phys Anthropol, 12, pp. 97-153; Meredith, H.V., Human head circumference from birth to early adulthood: Racial, regional and sex comparisons (1971) Growth, 35, pp. 233-251; Miklashevskaya, N.N., Growth and development of children in humid subtropical climate (1982) Proceedings of the 11th Anthropological Congress of Ales Hrdlička, pp. 59-61. , Novotný VV, ed. Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Miller, F.J.W., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle upon Tyne children (1972) Br J Prev Soc Med, 26, pp. 224-230; Mueller, W.H., Martorell, R., Reliability and accuracy of measurements (1988) Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, pp. 83-86. , Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, eds. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books; Netriová, A., Brezina, M., Hruškovič, I., Development of anthropometric indices in children living in an air polluted area (1990) Methods of Functional Anthropology, pp. 393-397. , Novotný VV, Titlbachová S, eds. Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Prahl-Anderson, B., Kowalski, C.H.J., A mixed longitudinal, interdisciplinary study of the growth and development of Dutch children (1973) Growth, 37, pp. 281-295; Prokopec, M., Suchý, J., Titlbachová, S., Results of the third Nationwide research in growth (Czech regions) (1973) Čs Pediatric, 7, pp. 341-346; Prokopec, M., Zlámalová, H., Titlbachová, S., The comparison of growth values in Czech children and adolescents ascertained in 1971 on a Nation-wide scale with corresponding data from abroad (1982) Proceedings of the 11th Anthropological Congress of Aleš Hrdlička, pp. 119-122. , Novotný VV, ed. Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Prokopec, M., Specific characteristics of the growth of head and face from age of one month to 18 years (1965) Acta Univ Carol Biol Suppl, pp. 43-52; Prokopec, M., Forecast concerning the increase of the average height of stature of Czechoslovak population in the forthcoming 20 years (1973) Demosta, 6, pp. 52-55; Prokopec, M., The growth of children and youth, its problem here and in the world (1984) Acta Univ Carol Biol, 1981, pp. 7-21; Prokopec, M., Dutkova, L., The most important factors influencing child growth in Czech districts of Czechoslovakia (1985) Proceedings of the 17th Congress of Czechoslovak Anthropologists, pp. 230-240. , Bratislava: Comenius University; Prokopec, M., Lhotska, L., Growth analysis of marginal cases of normal variation (1989) Anthrop Közl, 32, pp. 65-79; Prokopec, M., Dutkova, L., Methods of assessment of children's growth (1990) Methods of Functional Anthropology, pp. 21-32. , Novotný VV. Titlbachová S, eds Praha:Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Provis, H.S., Ellis, R.W.B., An anthropometric study of Edinburgh school-children (1955) Arch Dis Child, 30, pp. 328-337; Pruzansky, S., Time: The fourth dimension in syndrome analysis applied to craniofacial malformations (1977) Birth Defects, 13, pp. 3-28; Roche, A.F., Mckigney, J.I., Physical growth of ethnic groups comprising US population (1976) Am J Dis Child, 130, pp. 62-64; Roede, M., Stoelinga, G., De Jong-Van De Kar, M., Van't Hof, M., Het Nijmeegse Groet-onderzoek. Anthropometrische gegevens betreffende gezonde Nederlandse kinderen van 5.5, 8.5 en 10.5 jaar (1976) Ned T Geneesk, 120, pp. 133-140; Savara, B.S., Singh, I.J., Norms of size and annual increments of seven anatomical measures of maxillae in boys from three to sixteen years of age (1968) Angle Orthod, 38, pp. 104-120; Scott, J.H., (1967) Dento-facial Development and Growth, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Šedivý, V., Anthropometric characteristics of sixteen-year old boys living in various environments (1990) Methods of Functional Anthropology, pp. 399-402. , Novotný W, Titlbachová S, eds. Praha Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Shuttleworth, F.K., (1939) The Physical and Mental Growth of Girls and Boys Age Six to Nineteen in Relation to Age at Maximum Growth, , Washington, DC: Society for Research in Child Development, National Research Council; Siegelová, J., Brázdová, Z., Anthropometric measurements and physical fitness in Czech forestry workers (1990) Methods of Functional Anthropology, pp. 343-347. , Novotný VV, Titlbachová S, eds. Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Steegmann Jr., A.T., Cold adaptation and the human face (1970) Am J Phys Anthropol, 32, pp. 243-250; Stennett, R.G., Cram, D.M., Cross-sectional, percentile height and weight norms for a representative sample of urban, school-aged, Ontario children (1969) Can J Public Health, 60, pp. 465-470; Szopa, J., Inheritence and genetic determination of measurements and width/length index of the nose in man (1978) Genetica Polonica, 19, pp. 79-96; Takkunen, R.-L., Anthropometric studies of Finnish children (1962) Acta Paediatr Fenn Suppl, 8, p. 19; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence. 2nd Ed., , Springfield, IL: CC Thomas; Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Takaishi, M., Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children 1965 (1966) Arch Dis Child, 41, pp. 454-471; Tegako, L.I., Methods of evaluation of environment influence on morphological features of the BSSR population (1990) Methods of Functional Anthropology, pp. 381-384. , Novotný VV, Titlbachová S, eds. Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Twiesselmann, F.R., (1969) Développement Biométrique De L'enfant A L'adulte, , Bruxelles: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles; Van Der Linden, F.P.G.M., Hirschfeld, W.J., Miller, R.L., On the analysis and presentation of longitudinally collected growth data (1970) Growth, 34, pp. 385-400; Van't Hof, M.A., Roede, M.J., Kowalski, C.J., A mixed longitudinal data analysis model (1977) Hum Biol, 49, pp. 165-179; Ward, R.E., Bixler, D., Anthropometric analysis of the face in hypohidratic ectodermal dysplasia: A family study (1987) Am J Phys Anthropol, 74, pp. 453-458; Ward, R.E., Jamison, P.L., Measurement precision and reliability in craniofacial anthropometry: Implications and suggestions for clinical applications (1991) J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol, 11, pp. 156-164; Weinberg, W.A., Dietz, S.G., Penick, E.C., Mcalister, W.H., Intelligence, reading, achievement, physical size, and social class (1974) J Pediatr, 85, pp. 482-489; Weiner, J.S., Lourie, J.A., (1969) Human Biology. A Guide to Field Methods, , Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; Wolański, N., Monitoring program of biological status of human populations in relation to environmental changes (1990) Methods of Functional Anthropology, pp. 363-379. , Novotný VV, Titlbachová S, eds. Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis; Wolpoff, M.H., Climatic influence on the skeletal aperture (1968) Am J Phys Anthropol, 29, pp. 405-424 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030031229&partnerID=40&md5=de0e4c935ec9a4e4a47416902bbc329d ER - TY - JOUR TI - The treated incidence of psychotic and affective illness in twins compared with population expectation: A study in the Swedish Twin and Psychiatric Registries T2 - Psychological Medicine J2 - PSYCHOL. MED. VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 1135 EP - 1144 PY - 1996 SN - 00332917 (ISSN) AU - Kendler, K.S. AU - Pedersen, N.L. AU - Farahmand, B.Y. AU - Persson, P.-G. AD - Department of Psychiatry, MCV/VCU, Box 980710, Richmond, VA 23298-0710, United States AB - Twin studies of psychiatric illness assume that the genetic and environmental risk factors for psychiatric illness are similar in twins and non-twins and in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. To test this assumption, we examine whether the treated incidence of psychiatric illness in twins deviates from population expectations or differs between MZ and DZ twins. Using first admissions to the Swedish Psychiatric Registry for the years 1979-83 for all twins born 1886-1958 from the Swedish Twin Registries, we calculated Standardized Morbidity Ratios (SMRs) using national incidence rates together with individually computed person-years at risk in the twin cohort. The diagnoses examined, for which there was more than 393,000 person-years of risk, were schizophrenia, other non-affective psychoses (ONAP), bipolar affective illness (BPAI), unipolar affective illness (UPAI) and neurotic depression (ND). The SMRs (and 95% CIs) for all twins were: schizophrenia 0.86 (0.69-1.06), ONAP 1.05 (0.88-1.24), BPAI 1.09 (0.90-1.32), UPAI 1.05 (0.85-1.29) and ND 0.99 (0.88-1.10). This pattern of results did not differ substantially when examined separately by gender or birth cohort. Relative risks for first admissions for MZ v. same-sex DZ twins or same v. opposite-sex DZ twins did not differ significantly from unity for any of the disorders examined. In Sweden, the treated incidence of psychotic and affective disorders in twins does not differ from that found in the general population and does not differ across zygosity groups. These results support the validity of the twin method for the study of psychotic and affective disorders. KW - adult KW - affective neurosis KW - aged KW - article KW - depression KW - dizygotic twins KW - environmental factor KW - expectation KW - female KW - heredity KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - major depression KW - male KW - manic depressive psychosis KW - monozygotic twins KW - psychosis KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - Sweden KW - twins KW - Adult KW - Affective Disorders, Psychotic KW - Aged KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Female KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Neurotic Disorders KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Registries KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk KW - Schizophrenia KW - Sweden KW - Twins N1 - Cited By :64 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PSMDC C2 - 8931159 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kendler, K.S.; Department of Psychiatry, MCV-VCU, Box 980710, Richmond, VA 23298-0710, United States N1 - References: Allgulander, C., Psychoactive drug use in a general population sample, Sweden: Correlates with perceived health, psychiatric diagnoses, and mortality in an automated record-linkage study (1989) American Journal of Public Health, 79, pp. 1006-1010; Boyd, J.H., Weissman, M.M., Epidemiology of affective disorders: A reexamination and future directions (1981) Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, pp. 1039-1046; Bryan, E., (1992) Twins and Higher Multiple Births: A Guide to Their Nature and Nurture, , Edward Arnold: London; Book, J.A., A genetic and neuropsychiatric investigation of a North-Swedish population (1953) Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica, 4, pp. 1-100; Bulmer, M.G., (1970) The Biology of Twinning in Man, , Clarendon Press: Oxford; Cederlof, R., (1966) The Twin Method in Epidemiological Studies on Chronic Disease, , University of Stockholm, Doctoral Dissertation: Stockholm, Sweden; Cederlof, R., Friberg, L., Jonsson, E., Kaij, L., Studies on similarity diagnosis in twins with the aid of mailed questionnaires (1961) Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica, 11, pp. 338-362; Chitkara, B., MacDonald, A., Reveley, A.M., Twin birth and adult psychiatric disorder: An examination of the case records of the Maudsley Hospital (1988) British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, pp. 391-398; Cottler, L.B., Zipp, J.F., Robins, L.N., Spitznagel, E.L., Difficult-to-recruit respondents and their effect on prevalence estimates in an epidemiologic survey (1987) American Journal of Epidemiology, 125, pp. 329-339; Cunningham, F.G., MacDonald, P.C., Gant, N.F., Multifetal pregnancy (1989) Williams Obstetrics, 18th Edn., pp. 629-652. , Appleton & Lange: Norwalk, CT; Essen-Möller, E., Psychiatrische Untersuchungen an einer Serie von Zwillingen (1941) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplement, 23; Essen-Möller, E., Individual traits and morbidity in a Swedish rural population (1956) Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, Suppl., 100; Fischer, M., Genetic and environmental factors in schizophrenia (1973) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Suppl., 238, pp. 1-200; Gottesman, I.I., Shields, J., Contributions of twin studies to perspectives on schizophrenia (1966) Progress in Experimental Personality Research, Volume 3, 3, pp. 1-83. , ed. B. A. Maher, Academic Press: New York; Greenland, S., Robins, J.M., Estimation of a common effect parameter from sparse follow-up data (1985) Biometrics, 41, pp. 55-68; Hagnell, O., (1966) A Prospective Study of the Incidence of Mental Disorder, , Norstedts-Bonniers: Lund; Halldin, J., Prevalence of mental disorder in an urban population in central Sweden (1984) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 69, pp. 503-518; Jackson, D.D., A critique of the literature on the genetics of schizophrenia (1960) The Study of Schizophrenia, pp. 37-87. , ed. D. D. Jackson, Basic Books: New York; Jacobsen, B., Kinney, D.K., Perinatal complications in adopted and non-adopted schizophrenics and their controls: Preliminary results (1980) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 62 (285 SUPPL.), pp. 337-346; Kendler, K.S., Overview: A current perspective on twin studies of schizophrenia (1983) American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, pp. 1413-1425; Kendler, K.S., Twin studies of psychiatric illness: Current status and future directions (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 905-915; Kendler, K.S., Holm, N.V., Differential enrollment in twin registries: Its effect on prevalence and concordance rates and estimates of genetic parameters (1985) Acta Genetica Medica et Gemellologia, 34, pp. 125-140; Kendler, K.S., Robinette, C.D., Schizophrenia in the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Twin Registry: A 16-year update (1983) American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, pp. 1551-1563; Kendler, K.S., Neale, M.C., Kessler, R.C., Heath, A.C., Eaves, L.J., A population based twin study of major depression in women: The impact of varying definitions of illness (1992) Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, pp. 257-266; Kendler, K.S., Pedersen, N.L., Johnson, L., Neale, M.C., Mathé, A.A., A pilot Swedish twin study of affective illness, including hospital- and population-ascertained subsamples (1993) Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, pp. 699-706; Kendler, K.S., Neale, M.C., Kessler, R.C., Heath, A.C., Eaves, L.J., Parental treatment and the equal environment assumption in twin studies of psychiatric illness (1994) Psychological Medicine, 24, pp. 579-590; Kendler, K.S., Martin, N.G., Heath, A.C., Eaves, L.J., Self-report psychiatric symptoms in twins and their non-twin relatives: Are twins different? (1995) American Journal of Medical Genetics, 60, pp. 588-591; Kringlen, E., (1967) Heredity and Environment in the Functional Psychoses: An Epidemiological-Clinical Twin Study, , Universitetsförlaget: Oslo; Kringlen, E., (1967) Heredity and Environment in the Functional Psychoses: Case Histories, , Universitetsforlaget: Oslo; Larsson, T., Sjögren, T., A methodologic, psychiatric and statistical study of a large Swedish rural population (1954) Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica Suppl, 89; Luxenburger, H., Vorlaufiger Bericht über psychiatrische Serienuntersuchungen und Zwillingen (1928) Zeitschrift für die Gesämte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 116, pp. 297-326; MacGillivray, I., Epidemiology of twin pregnancy (1986) Seminars in Perinatology, 10, pp. 4-8; McGuffin, P., Katz, R., Rutherford, J., Nature, nurture and depression: A twin study (1991) Psychological Medicine, 21, pp. 329-335; McNeil, T.F., Obstetric factors and perinatal injuries (1988) Handbook of Schizophrenia, Volume 3. Nosology, Epidemiology and Genetics of Schizophrenia, 3, pp. 319-344. , ed. M. T. Tsuang & J. C. Simpson, volume editors, and H. A. Nasrallah, series editor, Elsevier: Amsterdam; Medlund, P., Cederlof, R., Floderus-Myrhed, B., Friberg, L., Sorensen, S., A Swedish twin registry (1977) Acta Medica Scandinavica Suppl. 600; Munro, A., Depressive illness in twins (1965) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 41, pp. 111-116; Naeye, R.L., Tafari, N., Judge, D., Marboe, C.C., Twins: Causes of perinatal death in 12 United States cities and one African city (1978) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 131, pp. 267-272; (1981) Psychiatric In-Patient Care 1977, , Statistiska Centralbyran: Stockholm, Sweden; Nilsen, S.T., Bergsjö, P., Nome, S., Male twins at birth and 18 years later (1984) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 91, pp. 122-127; Onstad, S., Skre, I., Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., Twin concordance for DSM-III-R schizophrenia (1991) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 83, pp. 395-401; Record, R.G., McKeown, T., Edwards, J.H., An investigation of the difference in measured intelligence between twins and single births (1970) Annals of Human Genetics, 34, pp. 11-20; Rosenthal, D., Confusion of identity and the frequency of schizophrenia in twins (1960) Archives of General Psychiatry, 3, pp. 297-304; Rothman, K.J., Boice Jr., J.D., (1982) Epidemiologic Analysis with a Programmable Calculator, , Epidemiology Resources, Inc.: Chestnut Hill, M.A; Russell, E., Cerebral palsied twins (1961) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 36, pp. 328-336; Rutter, M., Redshaw, J., Annotation: Growing up as a twin: twin-singleton differences in psychological development (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 885-895; Sjögren, T., Genetic-statistical and psychiatric investigations of a West Swedish population (1948) Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Suppl., p. 52; Strömgren, E., Social surveys (1948) Journal of Mental Science, 94, pp. 266-276; Tienari, P., Psychiatric illnesses in identical twins (1963) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplement 171; Torrey, E.F., Prevalence studies in schizophrenia (1987) British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, pp. 598-608; Tsuang, M.T., Faraone, S.V., (1990) The Genetics of Mood Disorders, , The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore; (1968) International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, , World Health Organization: Geneva UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029799004&partnerID=40&md5=02fd35ea6e2a3dbd43857b6b49df3752 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of single‐sex and coeducational secondary schooling on girls’ achievement T2 - Research Papers in Education J2 - Res. Pap. Educ. VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 289 EP - 306 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1080/0267152960110306 SN - 02671522 (ISSN) AU - Daly, P. AD - School of Education, Queen's University of Belfast, United States AB - After a brief review of internationally recognized empirical studies of the relative impact of single‐sex and coeducational secondary schooling on girls’ performance, the paper provides impact estimates drawn from two educational surveys carried out in a region which has many state‐supported single‐sex secondary schools, namely, Northern Ireland. Data relating to girls from two pupil cohorts were re‐analysed using multilevel statistical software not available to the original researchers whose main concerns are not considered here. Six outcomes were investigated. They were all related to pupil performance in public examinations taken, typically, after five years of secondary schooling. After adjustment for a range of pupil‐intake measures and for the selective status of the schools (grammar/nongrammar), a small achievement advantage favouring single‐sex schooling for girls is reported. However, this advantage was not statistically significant as far as any one of the six outcome measures was concerned. © 1996, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. KW - Coeducation KW - Gender KW - Multilevel modelling KW - School effectiveness KW - Single‐sex schools KW - Value‐added measures N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Daly, P.; School of Education, The Queen's University of Belfast, 69/71 University Street, Belfast, BT7 1HL, Ireland N1 - References: Ainley, J., Jones, W., Navaratnam, K.K., (1990) Subject Choice in Senior Secondary School, , and, Canberra: AGPS; Aitkin, M., Longford, N., ‘Statistical modelling issues in school effectiveness studies (1986) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 149, pp. 1-43. , (with discussion)’, Series A; Angus, L., The sociology of school effectiveness (1993) British Journal of Sociology of Education, 14 (3), pp. 333-345; Arnot, M., Weiler, K., (1993) Feminism and Social Justice in Education: International Perspectives, , Lewes: Falmer; Barry, R., Girls and Women in Education: The Statistical Picture (1992) Girls and Women in Education, , MULUERN, G. and MONTGOMERY, P. Leicester: The British Psychological Society; Bell, J., A comparison of science performance and uptake by fifteen year old boys and girls in co-educational and single-sex schools: APU survey findings (1989) Educational Studies, 15 (2), pp. 193-203; Bone, A., (1983) Girls and Girls-Only Schools, , Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission; Bosker, R.J., Dekkers, H.R.J., School differences in producing gender-related subject choices (1994) School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 5 (2), pp. 178-195; Bryan, K., Digby, A., Performance in mathematics and science at 16 plus: A case for co-educational schooling (1986) Westminster Studies in Education, 9, pp. 9-19; Bryk, A.S., Raudenbush, S.W., (1992) Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods, , London: Sage; Capper, A.C., Jamison, M.T., Let the buyer beware: Total quality management and educational research and practice (1993) Educational Researcher, 22 (8), pp. 15-30; Carpenter, P., Hayden, M., Girls academic achievements: Single-sex versus co-educational schools in Australia (1987) Sociology of Education, 60, pp. 156-167; Coleman, J.S., (1961) The Adolescent Society, , New York: Free Press; Coleman, J.S., Reply to Cain and Watts (1970) American Sociological Review, 35 (2), pp. 242-249; Connell, R.W., (1992) Schools and Social Justice, , Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Cuttance, P., Quality Systems for the Performance Development Cycle of Schools (1994) Paper Presented at the Seventh International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement, pp. 3-6. , (ICSEI) Melbourne; Dale, R.R., Mixed Or Single-Sex Schools, 1 (3). , 1969, 1971, 1974, London: Roudedge and Kegan Paul; Daly, P., How large are secondary school effects in Northern Ireland? (1991) School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2 (4), pp. 305-323; Daly, P., Science course participation and science achievement in single-sex and coeducational schools (1995) Evaluation and Research in Education, 9 (2), pp. 91-98; Deem, R., (1984) Co-Education Reconsidered, , Milton Keynes: Open University Press; (1994) School Performance Information 1992/1993, , Bangor: Deni; Fitz Gibbon, C.T., The design of indicator systems, the role of education in universities, and the role of inspectors/advisors: A discussion and a case study (1992) Research Papers in Education,!, 3, pp. 271-300; Fuller, B., Clarke, P., Raising school effects while ignoring culture? Local conditions and the influence of classroom tools, rules and pedagogy (1994) Review of Educational Research, 64 (1), pp. 119-157; Gallagher, A.M., (1988) Transfer Pupils at Sixteen, , Belfast: Northern Ireland Council for Educational Research (NICER); Garner, C., Raudenbush, S.W., Neighbourhood effects on educational attainment: A multi-level analysis (1991) Sociology of Education, 64 (4), pp. 251-262; Gill, J., (1988) Which Way to School? A Review of the Evidence on the Single Sex versus Co-Education Debate and an Annotated Bibliography of the Research, , Canberra: Commonwealth Schools Commission; Gill, J., Rephrasing the question about single sex schooling (1993) Critical Issues in Australian Education in the 1990S, , REID, A. and JOHNSON, B, Adelaide: Painters Prints; Gipps, C., (1994) Beyond Testing: Towards a Theory of Educational Assessment, , Lewes: Falmer; Goldstein, H., The methodology of school comparisons (1984) Oxford Review of Education, 10 (1), pp. 69-74; Goldstein, H., (1987) Multi-Level Models in Educational and Social and Research, , London: Charles Griffin; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multi-Level Statistical Models, , London: Edward Arnold; Goldstein, H., A multilevel analysis of examination results (1994) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (4), pp. 425-432; (1992) Education for a Changing World, , Dublin: Stationery Office; Hanafinj, H., Ni Charthaigh, D., (1993) Co-Education and Attainment, , University of Limerick; Hannan, D.F., Smith, E., McCullagh, J., O’leary, R., McMahon, D., (1996) Coeducation and Gender Equality, , Dublin: Oak Tree Press and the Economic and Social Research Institute; Hauser, R., Context or consex: A cautionary tale (1970) American Journal of Sociology, 75, pp. 645-654; Hedges, L.V., Laine, R.D., Greenwald, R., Does money matter? A meta-analysis of studies of the effects of differential school inputs on student outcomes (1994) Educational Researcher, 23 (3), pp. 5-13; Hildebrand, G., Allard, A., Gender Inclusive Assessment Practices (1994) Paper Presented at the Seventh ICSEI Conference, 3 (6). , Jan, Melbourne; (1990) How Equal? Monitoring, , Equal Opportunities in Education, 1981-89 (RS 1279/90); (1990) ). Differences in Examination Performance, , (RS 1277/90; Jiminez, E., Lockheed, M.E., Relative effectiveness of single-sex and co-educational schools in Thailand (1989) Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11, pp. 117-142; Jones, J., Outcomes of girls schooling: Unravelling some social differences (1990) Australian Journal of Education, 34 (2), pp. 153-176; Karmel, R., Quality and equality in education (1985) Australian Journal of Education, 29, pp. 279-293; Leder, G.C., Do girls count in mathematics (1989) Educating Girls, , LEDER, G.C. and SAMPSON, S.N, Sydney: Allen and Unwin; Leder, G., Research on Gender and Mathematics: Perspectives and New Directions (1994) Paper Presented at the Research on Gender and Mathematics Symposium, 7, p. 1994. , American Educational Research Association, Annual Meeting. New Orleans, April; Lee, V.R., Bryk, A.S., Effects of single-sex secondary schools on student achievement and attitudes (1986) Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, pp. 381-395; Lee, V.R., Bryk, A.S., Effects of single-sex schools: A response to Marsh (1989) Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, pp. 647-650; Lee, V.E., Lockheed, M., The effects of single-sex schooling on achievement and attitudes in Nigeria (1990) Comparative Education Review, 34, pp. 209-231; Lee, V.E., Bryk, A.S., Smith, J.B., The organisation of effective secondary schools (1993) Review of Research in Education, 19, pp. 171-267. , DARLING-HAMMOND, L, Washington, DC: AERA; Lee, V.E., Marks, H.M., Byrd, T., Sexism in coeducational independent secondary school classrooms (1994) Sociology of Education, 67, pp. 92-120; McGraw, B., Quality, Equality and the Outcomes of Schooling: Key Issues (1984) Paper Presented at the Plenary Session of the International Congress of School Effectiveness and Improvement, 3 (6). , Melbourne, Jan; McLean, M., (1992) The Promise and Perils of Educational Comparison, , University of London: Institute of Education; Marsh, H.W., The effects of attending single-sex and co-educational high schools on achievement, attitudes and behaviours and on sex differences (1989) Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, pp. 70-85; Marsh, H.W., ‘The effects of single-sex and co-educational schools: A response to Lee and Bryk (1989) Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, pp. 651-653; Marsh, H.W., Owens, I.D., Marsh, M.R., Owens, L., The transition from single-sex to coeducational high schools: Effects on multiple dimensions of self-concept and on academic achievement (1988) American Educational Research Journal, 25, pp. 237-269; Mortimore, P., Byford, D., Monitoring examination results within a local education authority (1981) Publishing School Examination Results: A Discussion, 5. , PLEWIS, J, Bedford Way Papers, University of London: Institute of Education; Nuttall, D.L., Goldstein Prosser, H.R., Rasbash, J., Differential school effectiveness (1989) International Journal of Educational Research, 13 (7), pp. 769-776; Nuttall, D.L., Thomas, S., Goldstein, H., Report on Analysis of (1992) 1990 Examination Results, 92 (13). , and, AMA EO Circular; Parker, L.H., Rennie, L.J., Paper presented at the Annual Meeting (1996) American Educational Research Association, pp. 8-12. , New York, April; Preece, P., Pitfalls in research in school and teacher effectiveness (1989) Research Papers in Education, 3, pp. 47-69; Prosser, R., Rasbash, J., Goldstein, H., (1991) ML3 Software for Three-Level Analysis: Users Guide for V.2, , London: Institute of Education; Raudenbush, S.W., Bryk, A.S., A hierarchical model for studying school effects (1986) Sociology of Education, 59 (1), pp. 1-17; Reynolds, D., (1985) Studying School Effectiveness, , Lewes: Falmer; Riordan, C., (1985) American Journal of Education, 93, pp. 518-540; Riordan, C., (1990) Girls and Boys in School. Together Or Separate, , New York: Teachers College Press; Rowe, K.J., Single-sex and mixed-sex classes: The effects of class type on student achievement, confidence and participation in mathematics (1988) Australian Journal of Education, 32 (2), pp. 180-202; Rowe, K.J., Hill, P.W., Multilevel Modelling in School Effectiveness Research: How Many Levels? (1994) Paper Presented at the Seventh International Congress for School, 3 (6). , Effectiveness and Improvement, Melbourne; Sammons, P., Gender, ethnic and socio-economic differences in attainment and progress (1995) British Educational Research Journal, 21 (4), pp. 465-485; Sammons, P., Hillman, J., Mortimore, P., (1995) Key Characteristics of Effective Schools: A Review of School Effectiveness Research., , ISEIC, Institute of Education, University of London; Sampson, S.N., Australian research on gender in education (1989) Evaluation and Research in Education, 3 (3), pp. 133-141; Sampson, S.N., Are boys a barrier to girls in science? (1989) Educating Girls: Practice and Research, , LEDER, G.C. and SAMPSON, N, Sydney: Allen and Unwin; Sampson, S.N., Increasing womens participation in male-dominated occupations’ (1991) Dismantling the Divide, , Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service; Shuttleworth, I., The relationship between social deprivation as measured by individual free school meal eligibility and educational attainment at GCSE in Northern Ireland: A preliminary investigation (1995) British Educational Research Journal, 21 (4), pp. 487-504; Smithers, A., Robinson, P., (1995) Co-Education and Single-Sex Schooling, , Manchester: University of Manchester; Steedman, J., (1984) Examination Results in Mixed and Single-Sex Schools; Findings from the National Child Development Study, , Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission; Steedman, J., Examination results in mixed and single-sex secondary schools’ (1985) Studying School Effectiveness, , REYNOLDS, D., London: Falmer; Stobart, G., Elwood, J., Quinlan, M., Gender Bias in Examinations: How Equal Are the Opportunities? (1992) British Educational Research Journal, 18 (3), pp. 261-276; Sutherland, M.B., Whatever happened about co-education? (1985) British Journal of Educational Studies, 33, pp. 155-163; Thomas, S., Nuttall, D.L., Goldstein, H., Report on Analysis of 1991 Examination Results (1993) AMA EO Circular, 93 (24); Thomas, S., Pan, H., Goldstein, H., (1994) Report on Analysis of 1992, , Examination Results. London: AMA and University of London Institute of Education; Tymms, P.B., Accountabilitycan it be fair? (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (3), pp. 291-299; Weiner, G., Feminist education and equal opportunities: Unity or discord? (1986) British Journal of Sociology of Education, 7 (3), pp. 265-274; Willis, J.D., Kenway, J., On overcoming sexism in schools: To marginalise or mainstream (1986) Australian Journal of Education, 30, pp. 132-149. , and; Willms, J.D., (1992) Monitoring School Performance: A Guide for Educators, , San Diego/London: Falmer; Wilson, J.A., (1985) Secondary School Organisation and Pupil Progress, , Belfast: Northern Ireland Council for Educational Research; Wilson, J.A., Gardiner, T., (1982) Progress At, 16. , with, Belfast: Northern Ireland Council for Educational Research; Woodhouse, G., (1993) A Guide to ML3 for New Users, , 2nd Edn). London: Institute of Education, University of London; Yates, L., (1993) The Education of Girls: Policy Research and the Question of Gender. Hawthorn, , Victoria: The Australian Council for Educational Research; Young, D.J., Fraser, B.J., Science achievement of girls in single-sex and co-educational schools (1990) Research in Science and Technology Education, 8 (1), pp. 5-20; Young, D., Single-sex schools and physics achievement: Are girls really advantaged? (1994) International Journal of Science Education, 16 (3), pp. 315-325 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344032879&doi=10.1080%2f0267152960110306&partnerID=40&md5=a66dd2d6a9f059c04f02609ba7c305b4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characteristics of seizures in a population-based series of mentally retarded children with active epilepsy T2 - Epilepsia J2 - EPILEPSIA VL - 37 IS - 9 SP - 850 EP - 856 PY - 1996 SN - 00139580 (ISSN) AU - Steffenburg, U. AU - Hagberg, G. AU - Kyllerman, M. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden AD - Department of Pediatrics, Göteborg University, Östra Hospital, S-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden AB - Purpose: The characteristics of seizures were analysed in a population- based study of active epilepsy in 6- to 13-year-old mentally retarded children. Methods: The search procedure included diagnostic registers, EEG registers, and registers of the Education of the Subnormal. Medical files were scrutinized, and clinical examinations and interviews with parents or caretakers or both were performed. Results: The median age of seizure onset was 1.3 years, 3.1 for children with mild retardation and 0.8 for children with severe retardation. Among the 98 children identified, current seizure groups were partial in 20, generalized in 59, and mixed in 19. The prevailing seizure types were tonic-clonic, myoclonic, atypical absences, and partial complex seizures, present in 42, 33, 23, and 23 children, respectively. A total of 46 children had more than one seizure type. Seizures every day/week occurred in 44 children. There was a constancy between seizure type at onset and later seizure type. Neonatal seizures (n = 25), infantile spasms (n = 12), and status epilepticus (n = 37) occurred independent of one another. Prognostic factors for poor neurologic outcome were early onset of epilepsy, infantile spasms as onset type, and prior neonatal seizures. Children with only partial seizures less frequently had severe mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and visual impairment than those with only generalized seizures. Conclusions: Epilepsies in children with mental retardation are characterized by severe seizure manifestations. The brain damage giving rise to mental retardation and epilepsy is probably the main factor in terms of seizure outcome. KW - Children KW - Epilepsy KW - Mental retardation KW - Onset age KW - Seizure types KW - absence KW - adolescent KW - article KW - cerebral palsy KW - child KW - clinical feature KW - complex partial seizure KW - disease association KW - epileptic state KW - grand mal epilepsy KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - mental deficiency KW - myoclonus epilepsy KW - onset age KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - Adolescent KW - Age of Onset KW - Anticonvulsants KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comorbidity KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Mental Retardation KW - Odds Ratio KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Prevalence KW - Prognosis KW - Spasms, Infantile KW - Status Epilepticus N1 - Cited By :44 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EPILA C2 - 8814097 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Steffenburg, U.; Department of Pediatrics, Goteborg University, Ostra Hospital, S-416 85 Goteborg, Sweden N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Anticonvulsants N1 - References: Brorson, L.O., Epilepsi hos barn och ungdom (1970) Epileptikervården, pp. 5-16. , Social Department, ed. Stockholm: Allm̈anna Förlaget, Bilaga 1; Cowan, L.D., Bodensteiner, J.B., Leviton, A., Doherty, L., Prevalence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 94-106; Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1940-1980 (1991) Epilepssia, 32, pp. 429-445; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) BMJ, 280, pp. 207-210; Sidenvall, R., Forsgren, L., Heijbel, J., Prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in children in northern Sweden (1996) Seizure, 5, pp. 139-146; Sillanpää, M., Epilepsy in children: Prevalence, disability and handicap (1992) Epilepsia, 33, pp. 444-449; Steffenburg, U., Hagberg, G., Viggedal, G., Kyllerman, M., Active epilepsy in mentally retarded children. I. Prevalence and additional neuroimpairments (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 1147-1152; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Olow, I., The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. VI. Prevalence and origin during the birth year period 1983-1986 (1993) Acta Paediatr, 82, pp. 387-393; Murphy, C.C., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Decouflé, P., Drews, C.D., The administrative prevalence of mental retardation in 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta 1985 through 1987 (1995) Am J Public Health, 85, pp. 319-323; Trevathan, E., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Murphy, C.C., Ding, G., Epilepsy among children with mental retardation (1988) Ann Neurol, 24, p. 321; Forsgren, L., Edvinsson, S.O., Blomquist, H.K., Heijbel, J., Sidenvall, R., Epilepsy in a population of mentally retarded children and adults (1990) Epilepsy Res, 6, pp. 234-248; Huttenlocher, P.R., Hapke, R.J., A follow-up study of intractable seizures in childhood (1990) Ann Neurol, 28, pp. 699-705; Aicardi, J., Status epilepticus (1986) Epilepsy in Children, pp. 240-259. , Aicardi J, ed. New York: Raven Press; Sander, J.W.A.S., Some aspects of prognosis in the epilepsies: A review (1993) Epilepsy, 34, pp. 1007-1016; Reynolds, E.H., Do anticonvulsants alter the natural course of epilepsy? (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 176-178; Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., The contributions of epidemiology to the understanding of childhood seizures and epilepsy (1994) J Child Neurol, 9 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 19-26; Dreifuss, F.E., Prognosis of childhood seizure disorders: Present and future (1994) Epilepsy, 35 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 30-34; Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsy, 34, pp. 592-596; Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures (1981) Epilepsy, 22, pp. 489-501; Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsy, 30, pp. 389-399; Bax, M.C.O., Terminology and classification of cerebral palsy (1964) Dev Med Child Neurol, 6, pp. 295-297; (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd Rev. Ed., DSM-III-R. , Washington, DC: APA; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Lewerth, A., Lindberg, U., Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children. II. Etiologic and pathogenetic aspects (1981) Acta Paediatr Scand, 70, pp. 445-452; Gustavson, K.H., Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Sars, K., Severe mental retardation in a Swedish county. II. Etiologic and pathogenetic aspects of children born 1959-1970 (1977) Neuropadiatrie, 8, pp. 293-304; Duchovny, M., Levin, B., Jayakar, P., Resnick, T.J., Neurobiologic considerations in early surgery for epilepsy (1994) J Child Neurol, 9 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 42-49; Farell, M.A., De Rosa, M.J., Curran, J.G., Neuropathologic findings in cortical resections (including hemispherectomies) performed for the treatment of intractable childhood epilepsy (1992) Acta Neuropathol, 83, pp. 246-259; Carlson, H., Malmgren, K., Rosén, I., Uvebrant, P., Surgical treatment for epilepsy - A retrospective Swedish multicenter study (1996) Acta Neurol Scand, , in press; Pryds, O., Regulation of cerebral perfusion and brain damage (1994) Brain Lesions in the Newborn. Alfred Benzon Symposium, 37, pp. 234-240. , Lou HC, Greisen G, Falck Larsen J, eds. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; Steffenburg, U., Hagberg, G., Kyllerman, M., Active epilepsy in mentally retarded children. II. Etiology and reduced pre and perinatal optimality (1995) Acta Paediatr, 84, pp. 1153-1159; Dulac, O., Plouin, P., Jambaqué, I., Predicting favorable outcome in idiopathic West syndrome (1993) Epilepsy, 34, pp. 747-756; Chugani, H.T., Shewmon, D.A., Shields, W.D., Surgery for intractable infantile spasms: Neuroimaging perspectives (1993) Epilepsy, 34, pp. 764-771; Aicardi, J., Chevrie, J.J., Convulsive status epilepticus in infants and in children: A study of 239 cases (1970) Epilepsy, 11, pp. 187-197; Dunn, D.W., Status epilepticus in children: Etiology, clinical features and outcome (1988) J Child Neurol, 3, pp. 167-173; Maytal, J., Shinnar, S., Moshe, S.L., Alvarez, L.A., Low morbidity and mortality of status epilepticus in children (1989) Pediatrics, 83, pp. 323-331; Shinnar, S., Maytal, J., Krasnoff, L., Moshé, S.L., Recurrent status epilepticus in children (1992) Ann Neurol, 31, pp. 598-604; Yager, J.Y., Cheang, M., Seshia, S.S., Status epilepticus in children (1988) Can J Neurol Sci, 15, pp. 402-405; Gross-Tsur, V., Shinnar, S., Convulsive status epilepticus in children (1993) Epilepsy, 34 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 12-20; Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1987) Epilepsy, 28, pp. 324-330; Aicardi, J., Epilepsy in brain-injured children (1990) Dev Med Child Neurol, 32, pp. 191-202; Devinsky, O., Penry, J.K., Quality of life in epilepsy: The clinician's view (1993) Epilepsy, 34, pp. S4-7 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029789122&partnerID=40&md5=56b8f8fe7d21caa0024c821fc61e230c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Large-scale longitudinal studies: Their utility for geographic enquiry T2 - Area J2 - Area VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 358 EP - 372 PY - 1996 SN - 00040894 (ISSN) AU - Ekinsmyth, C. AD - Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, United Kingdom AB - There are several large-scale longitudinal studies in Britain today that, although representing a rich resource for geographic enquiry, geographers have been slow to make use of. This paper introduces and discusses a number of the studies that are ongoing, available and valuable for geographic enquiry. KW - geographical enquiry KW - large scale study KW - longitudinal study KW - methodological approach KW - UK N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ekinsmyth, C.; Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, United Kingdom N1 - References: Braddon, F., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M., Davies, J., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) British Medical Journal, 293, pp. 299-303; Britten, N., Class imagery in a national sample of women and men (1984) British Journal on Sociology, 35, pp. 406-434; Britten, N., Models of intergenerational class mobility: Findings from the National Survey of health and development (1981) British Journal of Sociology, 32, pp. 224-238; Buck, N., Gershuny, J., Rose, D., Scott, J., (1994) Changing Households: The British Household Panel Survey, 1990-1992, , ERSC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, University of Essex, Colchester; Bynner, J., (1993) The Use of Longitudinal Cohort Studies in the Policy Process: An Anglo-German Perspective, , Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society, London; Creeser, R., Hattersley, L., (1994) LS Technical Volume, , HMSO, London; Creeser, R., (1991) An Introduction to the Area Based Variables in the OPCS Longitudinal Study, , LS User Guide No 7 (Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London); Cribier, F., Kych, A., A comparison of retirement migration from Paris and London (1993) Environment and Planning A, 25, pp. 1399-1420; Dale, A., The OPCS Longitudinal Study (1993) The 1991 Census User's Handbook, pp. 312-389. , Dale A and Marsh C HMSO, London; Dale, A., Creeser, R., Dodgeon, B., Gleave, S., Filakti, H., An introduction to the OPCS Longitudinal Study (1993) Environment and Planning A, 25, pp. 1387-1398; Douglas, J., The use and abuse of national cohorts (1976) The Organisation and Impact of Research, pp. 3-21. , Shipman M (ed) Routledge, London; Douglas, J., The value of birth cohort studies (1981) Longitudinal Research: Methods and Uses in Behavioural Science, pp. 176-186. , Schulsinger F, Mednick S and Knop J (eds) Martinus Nijhoff, Boston; Duncan, C., Jones, K., Moon, G., Do places matter? A multi-level analysis of regional variations in health-related behaviour in Britain (1993) Social Science and Medicine, 37 (6), pp. 725-733; Ecob, R., (1987) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: The Sampling Scheme, Frame and Procedures for the Cohort Studies, , MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No 6 (Glasgow); Ekinsmyth, C., The British longitudinal birth cohort studies: Their utility for the study of health and palce (1996) Health and Place, 2 (1), pp. 15-26. , January 1996; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., An Integrated Approach to the Design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (1992) SSRU Inter-Cohort Analysis Working Paper Series, Paper No 1, , City University, London; Fielding, A., Inter-regional migration and social change: A study of South-East England based upon data from the OPCS Longitudinal Study (1989) Transactions of the Institutes of British Geographers, 14 (1), pp. 24-36; Fielding, A., Migration and social mobility: Southeast England as an escalator region (1992) Regional Studies, 26, pp. 11-15; Fielding, A., Halford, S., Geographies of opportunity: A regional analysis of gender-specific social and spatial mobilities in England and Wales, 1971-81 (1993) Environment and Planning A, 25, pp. 1421-1440; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , Macmillan, London; Golding, J., Research protocol: European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) (1989) Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology, 3, pp. 460-469; Golding, J., Children of the nineties: A longitudinal study of pregnancy & childhood based on the population of Avon (ALSPAC) (1990) West of England Medical Journal, 105 (3), pp. 80-82; Golding, J., (1994) A Guide to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC), , Institute of Child Health, Bristol; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multi-level Statistical Models, , Edward Arnold, London; Hamnett, C., The relationship between residential migration and housing tenure in London, 1971-1981: A longitudinal analysis (1991) Environment and Planning A, 23, pp. 1147-1162; Hamnett, C., Randolph, B., The OPCS Longitudinal Study: A new tool for social research in England and Wales (1987) Area, 19 (1), pp. 69-73; Hamnett, C., Randolph, B., Ethnic minorities in the London labour market: A longitudinal analysis, 1971-1981 (1988) New Community, 14 (3), pp. 333-346; Hamnett, C., Randolph, B., Racial minorities in the London labour and housing markets: A longitudinal analysis, 1971-1981 (1992) Ethnic Minorities and Industrial Change in Europe and North America, pp. 173-204. , Cross M (ed) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Jones, K., (1991) Multi-level Models for Geographical Research, , Geobooks, Norwich; Jones, K., Duncan, C., Individuals and their ecologies: Analysing the geography of chronic illness within a multilevel modelling framework (1995) Health and Place, 1, pp. 27-40; Jones, K., Moon, G., Medical geography: Taking space seriously (1993) Progress in Human Geography, 17 (4), pp. 515-524; Kiernan, K., Eldridge, S., Age at marriage: Inter and intra cohort variation (1987) British Journal of Sociology, 38, pp. 44-63; Kuh, D., Maclean, M., Women's childhood experience of parental separation and their subsequent health and socio-economic status in adulthood (1990) Journal of Biosocial Science, 22, pp. 121-135; Macintyre, S., Annandale, E., Ecob, R., Ford, G., Hunt, B., Jamieson, B., MacIver, S., Wyke, S., The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Health in the community (1989) Readings for a New Public Health, pp. 56-74. , Martin C and MacQueen D (eds) Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh; Macintyre, S., MacIver, S., Soomans, A., Area, class and health: Should we be focusing on places or people? (1993) Journal of Social Policy, 22 (2), pp. 213-234; MacIver, S., Macintyre, S., (1987) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Selection of the Study Localities and Region, , MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No 15, Glasgow; MacIver, S., (1988) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Selection Criteria for the Region and Localities, , MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No 4 Glasgow; McDowell, L., Housing deprivation: An intergenerational approach (1983) The Structure of Disadvantage, pp. 172-191. , Brown M (ed) Heinemann, London; Nicholson, B., The Longitudinal Study and migration: A cautionary comment (1992) Update, (2), pp. 11-16. , June 1992, LS Support Programme, Social Statistics Reaearch Unit (City University, London); Osborn, A., Butler, N., Morris, A., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds, , Routledge & Kegan Paul, London; Plewis, I., (1990) The Analysis Potential of the LS, , LS User Guide No 3, Social Statistics Research Unit (City University, London); Robinson, V., "Race", gender, and internal migration within England and Wales (1993) Environment and Planning A, 25, pp. 1453-1465; Rose, D., Buck, N., Johnston, R., The British Household Panel Study: A valuable new resource for geograhical research (1994) Area, 26 (4), pp. 368-376; Ross, E., Peckham, C., West, P., Butler, N., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal 280, 6209, pp. 207-210; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS User Support Group, Working Paper No 1 (City University, London); Shepherd, P., (1995) NCDS User Support Group: Working Paper No. 2, 2nd Edition, , City University, London; Wadsworth, M., (1991) The Imprint of Time, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Wadsworth, M., Prediction of adult disease (1994) The Epidemiology of Childhood Disorders, pp. 498-517. , Pless. I. (ed) Oxford University Press, Oxford UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030433294&partnerID=40&md5=6cfaf5727ce75f4fe4610b2d24cc579d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social mobility? T2 - BMJ J2 - BMJ VL - 313 IS - 7055 SP - 449 EP - 453 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1136/bmj.313.7055.449 SN - 09598138 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Manor, O. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel AB - Objective: To investigate explanations for social inequalities in health with respect to health related social mobility and cumulative socioeconomic circumstances over the first three decades of life. Design: Longitudinal follow up. Setting: Great Britain. Subjects: Data from the 1958 birth cohort study (all children born in England, Wales, and Scotland during 3-9 March 1958) were used, from the original birth survey and from sweeps at 16, 23, and 33 years. Main outcome measures: Subjects' own ratings of their health; social differences in self rated health at age 33. Results: Social mobility varied by health status, with those reporting poor health at age 23 having higher odds of downward mobility than of staying in same social class. Men with poor health were also less likely to be upwardly mobile. Prevalence of poor health at age 33 increased with decreasing social class: From 8.5% in classes I and II to 17.7% in classes IV and V among men, and from 9.4% to 18.8% among women. These social differences remained significant after adjustment for effects of social mobility. Health inequalities attenuated when adjusted for social class at birth, at age 16, or at 23 or for self rated health at age 23. When adjusted for all these variables simultaneously, social differences in self rated health at age 33 were substantially reduced and no longer significant. Conclusions: Lifetime socioeconomic circumstances accounted for inequalities in self reported health at age 33, while social mobility did not have a major effect on health inequalities. © 1996, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - adult KW - article KW - birth control KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - follow up KW - health status KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - self report KW - social class KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Self Concept KW - Social Class KW - Social Mobility N1 - Cited By :143 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8776310 LA - English N1 - References: (1995) Variations in health: what can the Department of Health and the NHS do?, , London DoH; Allied Dunbar, , National fitness survey. London: Sports Council and Health Education Authority, 1992; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and class: the early years, , London Chapman Hall; Kaplan, G.A., Camacho, T., Perceived health and mortality: a nine-year follow-up of the human population laboratory cohort (1983) Am J Epidemiol, 117, pp. 292-304; Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G., Self-assessed health status and mortality in middle-aged British men (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 239-245; Idler, E.L., Angel, R.L., Self rated health and mortality in the NHANES-1 epidemiologic follow up study (1990) Am J Public Health, 80, pp. 446-452; Cox, B.D., Huppert, F.A., Whichelow, M.J., (1993) The health and lifestyle survey: seven years on, , Aldershot Darmouth Publishing; West, P., Inequalities? Social class differentials in health in British youth (1988) Soc Sci Med, 27, pp. 291-296; Rahkonen, O., Arber, S., Lahelma, E., Health inequalities in early adulthood: a comparison or young men and women in Britain and Finland (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41, pp. 163-171; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the fifth follow-up of the national child development study, , London National Children's Bureau; Agresti, A., (1984) Analysis of ordinal categorical data, , New York Wiley; Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., (1989) Applied logistic regression, , New York Wiley; Belsley, D.A., Kuh, E., Welsch, R.E., (1980) Regression diagnostics, , New York Wiley; Wax, Y., Collinearity diagnostics for a relative risk regression analysis (1992) Stat Med, 11, pp. 1273-1287; O'Donnell, O., Propper, C., Equity and the distribution of UK National Health Service resources (1991) Journal of Health Economics, 10, pp. 1-19; Marmot, M.E., Davey-Smith, G., Stansfield, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1395; Davey-Smith, G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: further evidence from the Whitehall study (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 265-270; Goldblatt, P., (1990) Longitudinal study: mortality and social organisation, , 1971-1981. London: HMSO, (OPCS LS No 6.); Forsdahl, A., (1977) Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine, 31, pp. 91-95; Nystrom Peck, A.M., The importance of childhood socio-economic group for adult health (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 553-562; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Kauhanen, J., Wilson, T.W., Smith, N.L., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; Elo, I.T., Preston, S.H., Effects of early-life conditions on adult mortality: a review (1992) Population Index, 58 (2), pp. 186-212; Mare, R.D., Socio-economic careers and differential mortality among older men in the United States (1990) Measurement and mortality: new approaches, pp. 362-387. , In: Vallin J, de Souza S, Polloni A eds. Oxford Oxford University Press; Moore, D.E., Hayward, M.D., Occupational careers and mortality of elderly men (1990) Demography, 27, pp. 31-53; Miller, J., Korenman, S., Poverty and children's nutritional status in the United States (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 233-243; Hart, C., Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Social mobility, health, and cardiovascular mortality (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 552-553; Rose, D., (1995) A report on phase I of the ESRC review of OPCS social classifications, , London OPCS; Giddens, A., (1989) Sociology, , Cambridge Polity Press; Whitehead, M., Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1988) Inequalities in health, , Harmondworth Penguin; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Quarterly Journal of Social Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Serious illness in childhood and its association with later life achievement (1986), In: Wilkinson RG, ed. Class and health. London: Tavistock; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., Fogelman, K., Health in childhood and social inequalities in young adults (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 153, pp. 17-28; Dahl, E., Kjaersgaard, P., Social mobility and inequality in mortality (1993) European Journal of Public Health, 31, pp. 24-32; Rodgers, B., Mann, S., Re-thinking the analysis of intergenerational social mobility: a comment on John W Fox's “Social class, mental illness, and social mobility (1993) J Health Soc Behav, 34, pp. 165-172; Lundberg, O., Childhood living conditions, health status, and social mobility: a contribution to the health selection debate (1991) European Sociological Review, 7 (2), pp. 149-162; Blane, D., Davey-Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection what does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Sociology of Health and Illness, 1 (15), pp. 1-15 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029739804&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.313.7055.449&partnerID=40&md5=d2049a3bdac68302d727ff56285c7236 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decreased fertility in Britain compared with Finland T2 - Lancet J2 - LANCET VL - 347 IS - 9014 SP - 1519 EP - 1522 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90673-X SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Joffe, M. AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Imp. Coll. Sci., Technol. and Med., St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom AB - Background. There has been much interest in the apparent decrease in semen quality. Because the evidence for such a decrease is open to criticism, a different type of evidence is needed. Finland seems to have escaped this decrease, as well as other disorders of the male reproductive tract, notably testicular cancer. If there has been a true decrease, the implications for fertility are unknown. Methods. The most sensitive functional measure of fertility is time to pregnancy (TTP); this can be studied retrospectively at group level with a high degree of validity. To test the hypothesis that Finnish men are more fertile than British men, TTP distributions from published Finnish studies and data from Britain were compared. Two comparisons were made: a pair of antenatal studies, and a pair of cross-sectional studies. Findings. In both comparisons, fertility was statistically significantly greater in Finland than in Britain. The findings did not seem to be due to methodological problems; in particular, the results could not be attributed to differences in frequency of intercourse, since this would have had the opposite effect on sperm concentration and on TTP. Interpretation. The previously reported difference in sperm counts between Finland and elsewhere in northwest Europe (including Britain) is probably not artefactual, suggesting that the reported world-wide decline in semen quality is also real. Reasons for the 'Finnish exception' may include maternal smoking, which used to be lower in Finnish women than elsewhere, and which might affect developing male offspring. This study uses time to pregnancy (TTP) in order to compare British male semen quality with Finnish male semen quality. It is estimated that mean sperm concentration in semen has declined by almost 50% in the past 50 years. Finland was chosen for this study because of prior findings that Finnish men had double the mean sperm concentration as that of men worldwide and lower rates of testicular cancer. Data are obtained from published Finnish studies and data from Britain. The prenatal sample included 1891 pregnancies in the Finnish study and 1201 in the British study. Cross sectional data are obtained on 197 pregnancies to Finnish women exposed to organic solvents and 14,223 values of TTP from a 1958 cohort in Britain. Findings indicate that the prenatal studies were different between countries in that the British women had more recent pregnancies, that were earlier in pregnancy, and among a slightly older population. The cross sectional studies differed in size and focus, and the British study included women aged up to 33 years, whereas the Finnish women were of all ages. Findings show that Finnish women in both studies were more fertile than British women throughout the TTP distribution. Differences were statistically significant at the .05 level. It is argued that these findings support the thesis that the difference in sperm counts between Finland and Britain are not "artefactual." It is unlikely that the differences affected completed family size. It is suggested that the endocrine disruption hypothesis is unlikely, but that the smoking rates among Finnish women are lower and that male fetuses could be affected by maternal smoking. Human evidence from prior studies for the smoking hypothesis is unclear. KW - article KW - Finland KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - male fertility KW - male genital system KW - priority journal KW - sperm KW - United Kingdom PB - Lancet Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :62 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 8684104 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joffe, M.; Dept Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial Coll Sci Technol Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom N1 - References: Carlsen, E., Giwercman, A., Keiding, N., Skakkebaek, N.E., Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 609-613; Olsen, J., Is human fecundity declining - And does occupational exposures play a role in such a decline if it exists? (1994) Scand J Work Environ Health, 20 (SPEC. ISSUE), pp. 72-77; Auger, J., Kunstmann, J.M., Czyglik, F., Jouannet, P., Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 281-285; Van Waeleghem, K., De Clerq, N., Vermeulen, L., Schoojans, F., Comhaire, F., Deterioration of sperm quality in young Belgian men during recent decades (1994) Hum Reprod, 9 (SUPPL.), p. 73. , abstr; Irvine, S., Cawood, E., Richardson, D., MacDonald, E., Aitken, J., Evidence of deteriorating semen quality in the United Kingdom: Birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 467-471; Bujan, L., Mansat, A., Pontonnier, F., Mieusset, R., Time series analysis of sperm concentration in fertile men in Toulouse, France between 1977 and 1992 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 471-472; Ginsburg, J., Okolo, S., Prelevic, G., Hardiman, P., Residence in the London area and sperm density (1994) Lancet, 343, p. 230; Bostofte, E., Serup, J., Rebbe, H., Has the fertility of Danish men declined through the years in terms of semen quality? A comparison on semen qualities between 1952 and 1972 (1983) Int J Fertil, 28, pp. 91-95; Wittmaack, F.M., Shapiro, S.S., Longitudinal study of semen quality in Wisconsin men over a decade (1992) Wisconsin Med J, 91, pp. 477-479; Souminen, J., Vierula, M., Semen quality of Finnish men (1993) BMJ, 306, p. 1579; Adami, H.-O., Bergstrom, R., Mohner, M., Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries (1994) Int J Cancer, 59, pp. 33-38; Sharpe, R.M., Skakkebaek, N.E., Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1392-1395; Kelce, W.R., Stone, C.R., Laws, S.C., Gray, L.E., Kemppainen, J.A., Wilson, E.M., Persistent DDT metabolite p,p′-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist (1995) Nature, 375, pp. 581-585; Joffe, M., Feasibility of studying subfertility using retrospective self reports (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 268-274; Baird, D., Weinberg, C.R., Rowland, A.S., Reporting errors in time-to-pregnancy data collected with a short questionnaire: Impact on power and estimate of fecundability ratios (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 133, pp. 1282-1290; Zielhuis, G.A., Hulscher, M.E.J.L., Florack, E.I.M., Validity and reliability of a questionnaire on fecundability (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 1151-1156; Joffe, M., Villard, L., Li, Z., Plowman, R., Vessey, M., Long-term recall of time-to-pregnancy (1993) Fertil Steril, 60, pp. 99-104; Joffe, M., Villard, L., Li, Z., Plowman, R., Vessey, M., A time to pregnancy questionnaire designed for long term recall: Validity in Oxford, England (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 314-319; Suonio, S., Saarikoski, S., Kauhanen, O., Metsapelto, A., Terho, J., Vohlonen, I., Smoking does affect fecundity (1990) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 34, pp. 89-95; Sallmen, M., Lindbohm, M.-L., Kyyronen, P., Reduced fertility among women exposed to organic solvents (1995) Am J Ind Med, 27, pp. 699-713; Joffe, M., Li, Z., Male and female factors in fertility (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 921-929; Vessey, M.P., Wright, N.H., McPherson, K., Wiggins, P., Fertility after stopping different methods of contraception (1978) BMJ, 1, pp. 265-267; Joffe, M., Li, Z., Association of time to pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy (1994) Fertil Steril, 62, pp. 71-75; Joffe, M., Biases in research on reproduction and women's work (1985) Int J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 118-123; Rahnonen, O., Berg, M.-A., Puska, P., The development of smoking in Finland from 1978 to 1990 (1992) Br J Addiction, 87, pp. 103-110; Porkka, K.V.K., Vilkari, J.S.A., Taimela, S., Dahl, M., Akerblom, H.K., Tracking and predictiveness of serum lipid and lipoprotein measurements in childhood: A 12-year follow-up (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 1096-1110; Vartiainen, E., Puska, P., Jousilahti, P., Korhonen, H.J., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Twenty-year trends in coronary risk factors in North Karelia and in other areas of Finland (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 495-504; Weinberg, C.R., Wilcox, A.J., Baird, D.D., Reduced fecundability in women with prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 1072-1078; Baird, D.D., Wilcox, A.J., Future fertility after prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke (1986) Fertil Steril, 46, pp. 368-372; Ratcliffe, J.M., Gladen, B.C., Wilcox, A.J., Herbst, A.L., Does early exposure to maternal smoking affect future fertility in adult males? (1992) Reprod Toxicol, 6, pp. 297-307 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029953911&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2896%2990673-X&partnerID=40&md5=466eef47314478393cdeeddff032862f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epidemiological transition in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies 1953-1992 T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - INT. J. EPIDEMIOL. VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 357 EP - 365 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1093/ije/25.2.357 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Gulliford, M.C. AD - Cmw. Caribbean Med. Research Council, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago AD - Department of Public Health Medicine, Guy's/St Thomas' Med. Dent. Schools, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom AB - Background. This study aimed to describe trends in age-specific mortality from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease in Trinidad and Tobago between 1953 and 1992 and to relate them to earlier changes in infant mortality rates. Methods. Average annual age-specific mortality rates per 100,000 were calculated for 5-year time periods from 1953-1957 to 1988-1992 and plotted by mid-year of birth for cohorts born 1874-1882 to 1944-1952. Regression analyses were performed to test associations between adult mortality rates, and infant mortality rates for the same birth cohorts and period of death. Results. Infant mortality declined from 180 per 1000 in 1901 to 10 per 1000 in 1992. Age-standardized mortality from diabetes mellitus increased, in men, from 60 in 1958-1962 to 278 in 1988-1992, in women the increase was from 89 to 303. Mortality from hypertension declined, in men, from 232 in 1953-1957 to 73 in 1988-1992, and in women, from 206 to 67. Cerebrovascular mortality increased, in men, from 341 in 1953-1957 to 451 in 1963-1967 before declining to 224 in 1988-1992. In women cerebrovascular mortality increased from 292 in 1953-1957 to 361 in 1963-1967 before declining to 196 in 1988-1992. There was evidence of a deceleration in cerebrovascular mortality for cohorts born after 1908-1918. Ischaemic heart disease mortality remained constant. Mid-cohort infant mortality rates were not associated with adult mortality after adjusting for age and period of death. Conclusion. Declining infant mortality was subsequently associated with declining mortality from cerebrovascular disease and hypertensive disease and increasing mortality from diabetes mellitus but there was no association with ischaemic heart disease mortality. These relationships were confounded by secular changes associated with year of death. KW - Cerebrovascular disorders KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Epidemiological transition KW - Hypertension KW - Infant mortality KW - Ischaemic heart disease KW - Mortality KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - caribbean islands KW - cerebrovascular disease KW - cohort analysis KW - diabetes mellitus KW - female KW - health service KW - health survey KW - human KW - hypertension KW - infant mortality KW - ischemic heart disease KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - priority journal KW - regression analysis KW - sex difference KW - Age Specific Death Rate KW - Americas KW - Biology KW - Caribbean KW - Causes Of Death KW - Cerebrovascular Effects KW - Death Rate KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developing Countries KW - Diabetes Mellitus KW - Diseases KW - Hypertension KW - Infant Mortality KW - Ischemia KW - Mortality KW - Mortality Decline KW - North America KW - Physiology KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Trinidad And Tobago KW - Vascular Diseases KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Cause of Death KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders KW - Diabetes Mellitus KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Hypertension KW - Infant KW - Infant Mortality KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Myocardial Ischemia KW - Population Surveillance KW - Social Change KW - Trinidad and Tobago KW - cerebrovascular disorder KW - developing country KW - diabetes mellitus KW - epidemiological transition KW - hypertension KW - infant mortality KW - ischaemic heart disease KW - medical geography KW - mortality trend KW - Trinidad and Tobago N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 9119561 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gulliford, M.C.; Department of Public Health Medicine, Guy's St Thomas' Med. Dental Schools, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Gribble, J.N., Preston, S.H., (1993) The Epidemiological Transition. Policy and Planning Implications for Developing Countries, , Washington DC: National Academy Press; (1991) Health Statistics from the Americas 1991 Edition. Mortality since 1960, , Scientific Publication number 537. Washington DC: PAHO; Gulliford, M.C., Health and health care in the English-speaking Caribbean (1994) J Public Health Med, 16, pp. 263-269; McGlashan, N.D., Causes of death in ten English-speaking Caribbean countries and territories (1982) Bull Pan Am Health Organ, 16, pp. 212-223; Poon-King, T., Henry, M.V., Rampersad, F., Prevalence and natural history of diabetes in Trinidad (1968) Lancet, 1, pp. 155-160; Cruikshank, J.K., The natural history of blood pressure in black populations in the West Indies, West Africa and the United Kingdom: A comparison with the USA (1989) Ethnic Factors in Health and Disease, pp. 268-279. , Cruikshank J K, Beevers D G (eds). Oxford: Wright; (1990) Health Conditions in the Americas 1990 Edition, 1, pp. 401-402. , Washington DC: PAHO; Adelstein, A.M., Marmot, M.G., The health of migrants in England and Wales: Causes of death (1989) Ethnic Factors in Health and Disease, pp. 35-47. , Cruikshank J K, Beevers D G (eds). Oxford: Wright; Beckles, G.L.A., Miller, G.J., Kirkwood, B., Alexis, S.D., Carson, D.C., Byam, N.T., A High total and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults of Indian descent in Trinidad, unexplained by major coronary risk factors (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 1298-1300; Beaglehole, R., Cardiovascular disease in developing countries (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 1170-1171; King, H., Rewers, M., Global estimates for prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in adults (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 157-177. , for the WHO ad hoc Diabetes Reporting Group; Barker, D.J.P., Rise and fall of western diseases (1989) Nature, 338, pp. 371-372; Zimmet, P., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes) an epidemiological overview (1982) Diabetologia, 22, pp. 399-411; O'Dea, K., Marked improvement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic Australian Aborigines after temporary reversion to traditional lifestyle (1984) Diabetes, 33, pp. 596-603; Reaven, G., Role of insulin resistance in human disease (1988) Diabetes, 37, pp. 1595-1607; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 (1991) Br Med J, 303, pp. 1019-1022; (1953) Populations and Vital Statistics Reports 1953 to 1992, , Port of Spain: Central Statistical Office; (1994) World Health Statistics Annual 1993, pp. xxxiv. , Geneva: World Health Organization; Francis, B., Green, M., Payne, C., (1993) The GLIM System. Release 4 Manual, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variations in cancer rates. II. Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; (1994) 1990 Population and Housing Census Vol. II Age Structure, Religion, Ethnic Group, Education, 2. , Port of Spain: Central Statistical Office; (1990) Health Conditions in the Americas 1990 Edition, 2, pp. 266-274. , Washington DC: PAHO/ WHO; Fox, K., Irons, B., Wint, B., Infant mortality rate in Jamiaca, 1993 (1995) West Indian Med J, 44 (2 SUPPL.), p. 29. , abstract; Cohen, J.E., The usefulness of death certificates as a tool for surveillance of diabetes and hypertension. Part 1. the accuracy of reporting diabetes and hypertension on death certificates in an area of Port of Spain, Trinidad (1992) West Indian Med J, 41 (1 SUPPL.), p. 17. , abstract; Yu, T.S., Wong, S.L., Lloyd, O.L., Wong, T.W., Ischaemic heart disease: Trends in mortality in Hong Kong, 1970-89 (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 16-21; Hughes, K., Trends in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Singapore, 1959 to 1983 (1986) Int J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 44-50; Uemera, K., Pisa, Z., Trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in industrialised countries since 1950 (1988) World Health Stat Q, 41, pp. 155-178; Soltero, I., Liu, K., Cooper, R., Stamler, J., Garside, D., Trends in mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in the United States, 1960 to 1975 (1978) Stroke, 9, pp. 549-555; Thom, T.J., Epstein, F.H., Feldman, J.J., Leaverton, P.E., Trends in total mortality and mortality from heart disease in 26 countries from 1950 to 1978 (1985) Int J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 510-520; Dobson, A.J., Gibberd, R.W., Wheeler, D.J., Leeder, S.R., Age-specific trends in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Australia (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 113, pp. 404-412; Barker, D.J.P., Fetal and infant origins of adult disease (1992) Br Med J, 1, pp. 23-37 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029662578&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f25.2.357&partnerID=40&md5=29548aa3733c071b0865b38858538199 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - BR. MED. J. VL - 312 IS - 7040 SP - 1195 EP - 1199 PY - 1996 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Butland, B.K. AU - Anderson, H.R. AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - Objective - To describe the incidence and prognosis of wheezing illness from birth to age 33 and the relation of incidence to perinatal, medical, social, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Design - Prospective longitudinal study. Setting - England, Scotland, and Wales. Subjects - 18 559 people born on 3-9 March 1958. 5801 (31%) contributed information at ages 7, 11, 16, 23, and 33 years. Attrition bias was evaluated using information on 14 571 (79%) subjects. Main outcome measure - History of asthma, wheezy bronchitis, or wheezing obtained from interview with subjects' parents at ages 7, 11, and 16 and reported at interview by subjects at ages 23 and 33. Results - The cumulative incidence of wheezing illness was 18% by age 7, 24% by age 16, and 43% by age 33. Incidence during childhood was strongly and independently associated with pneumonia, hay fever, and eczema. There were weaker independent associations with male sex, third trimester antepartum haemorrhage, whooping cough, recurrent abdominal pain, and migraine. Incidence from age 17 to 33 was associated strongly with active cigarette smoking and a history of hay fever. There were weaker independent associations with female sex, maternal albuminuria during pregnancy and histories of eczema and migraine. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was weakly and inconsistently related to childhood wheezing but was a stronger and significant independent predictor of incidence after age 16. Among 880 subjects who developed asthma or wheezy bronchitis from birth to age 7, 50% had attacks in the previous year at age 7; 18% at 11, 10% at 16, 10% at 23, and 27% at 33. Relapse at 33 after prolonged remission of childhood wheezing was more common among current smokers and atopic subjects. Conclusion - Atopy and active cigarette smoking are major influences on the incidence and recurrence of wheezing during adulthood. KW - abdominal pain KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - asthma KW - bronchitis KW - child KW - cigarette smoking KW - disease association KW - eczema KW - environmental factor KW - female KW - hay fever KW - human KW - infant KW - lifestyle KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - migraine KW - newborn KW - obstetric hemorrhage KW - pertussis KW - pneumonia KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - recurrent disease KW - relapse KW - remission KW - sex difference KW - social aspect KW - third trimester pregnancy KW - united kingdom KW - wheezing KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Prevalence KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Scotland KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :461 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 8634562 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Strachan, D.P.; Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom N1 - References: Dolovich, J., Hargreave, F., The asthma syndrome: Inciters, inducers and host characteristics (1981) Thorax, 36, pp. 641-643; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Patel, S., Peckham, C., The natural history of asthma in childhood (1986) J Epidemiol Community Health, 40, pp. 121-129; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peckham, C., Risk factors for asthma up to 16 years of age. Evidence from a national cohort study (1987) Chest, 91 (SUPPL.), pp. 127-30S; Anderson, H.R., Pottier, A.C., Strachan, D.P., Asthma from birth to age 23: Incidence and relationship to prior and concurrent atopic disease (1992) Thorax, 47, pp. 537-542; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , London: Livingstone; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven. The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , London: National Children's Bureau; Fogelman, K., (1976) Britain's Sixteen Year Olds, , London: National Children's Bureau; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and City University; (1990) SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 6. 4th Ed., , Cary, NC: SAS System; Strachan, D.P., The prevalence and natural history of wheezing in early childhood (1985) Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 35, pp. 182-184; Lewis, S., Richards, D., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Britton, J., Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheezing in childhood (1995) Eur Respir J, 8, pp. 349-356; Martinez, F.D., Morgan, W.J., Wright, A.L., Holberg, C., Taussig, L.M., Initial airway function is a risk factor for recurrent wheezing respiratory illnesses during the first three years of life (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis, 143, pp. 312-319; Giles, G., Lickiss, N., Gibson, H., Shaw, K., Respiratory symptoms in Tasmanian adolescents: A follow up of the 1961 birth cohort (1984) Aust N Z J Med, 14, pp. 631-637; Jenkins, M.A., Hopper, J.L., Bowes, G., Carlin, J.B., Flander, L.B., Giles, G.G., Factors in childhood as predictors of asthma in adult life (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 90-93; Jones, A., Bowen, M., Screening for childhood asthma using an exercise test (1994) Br J Gen Pract, 44, pp. 127-131; Schwartz, J., Gold, D., Dockery, D.W., Weiss, S.T., Speizer, F.E., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene, and household size (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 1259-1260; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Danon, Y.L., Is low birth weight a risk factor for asthma during adolescence? (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 584-587; Kelly, Y.J., Brabin, B.J., Milligan, P., Heaf, D.P., Reid, J., Pearson, M.G., Maternal asthma, premature birth, and the risk of respiratory morbidity in school-children in Merseyside (1995) Thorax, 50, pp. 525-530; Rona, R.J., Gulliford, M.C., Chinn, S., Effects of prematurity and and intrauterine growth on respiratory health and lung function in childhood (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 817-820; Von Mutius, E., Nicolai, T., Martinez, F.D., Prematurity as a risk factor for asthma in preadolescent children (1993) J Pediatr, 123, pp. 223-229; Kramer, M.S., Does breast feeding help protect against atopic disease? Biology, methodology and a golden jubilee of controversy (1988) J Pediatr, 112, pp. 181-190; (1980) The Health Consequences of Smoking for Women. A Report of the Surgeon General, p. 214. , Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; Williams, H.C., Strachan, D.P., Hay, R.J., Childhood eczema: Disease of the advantaged? (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1132-1135; Strachan, D.P., Golding, J., Anderson, H.R., Regional variations in wheezing illness in British children: The effect of migration during early childhood (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 231-236; Anderson, H.R., Bailey, P.A., Cooper, J.S., Palmer, J.C., West, S., Morbidity and school absence caused by asthma and wheezing illness (1983) Arch Dis Child, 58, pp. 777-784; (1993) Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders. The Report of the US Environmental Protection Agency, pp. 203-284. , Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, (NIH Publication No 93-3605.); Couriel, J.M., Passive smoking and the health of children (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 731-734; (1984) The Health Consequences of Smoking: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. A Report of the Surgeon General, , Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; Sherman, C.B., Tosteson, T.D., Tager, I.B., Speizer, F.E., Weiss, S.T., Early childhood predictors of asthma (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 83-85; Broder, I., Higgins, M.W., Matthews, K.P., Keller, J.B., Epidemiology of asthma and allergic rhinitis in a total community, Tecumseh, Michigan. IV. Natural history (1974) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 54, pp. 100-110; Hagy, G.W., Settipane, G.A., Risk factors for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis. A 7-year follow-up of college students (1976) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 58, pp. 330-336; Dodge, R.R., Burrows, B., The prevalence and incidence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in a general population sample (1980) Am Rev Respir Dis, 122, pp. 567-575; Oswald, H., Phelan, P.D., Lanigan, A., Hibbert, M., Bowes, G., Olinsky, A., Outcome of childhood asthma in mid-adult life (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 95-96; Kelly, W.J.W., Hudson, I., Phelan, P.D., Pain, M.C.F., Olinsky, A., Childhood asthma in adult life: A further study at 28 years of age (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 1059-1062; Cooper, D.M., Cutz, E., Levison, H., Occult pulmonary abnormalities in asymptomatic asthmatic children (1977) Chest, 71, pp. 361-365; Kerribijn, K.F., Fioole, A.C., Van Bentveld, R.D.W., Lung function in asthmatic children after a year or more without symptoms or treatment (1978) BMJ, 1, pp. 886-888; Cade, J.F., Pain, M.C.F., Pulmonary function during clinical remission of asthma. How reversible is asthma? (1973) Aust N Z J Med, 3, pp. 545-551 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029915460&partnerID=40&md5=60817d96214414f25380a8ec901b9292 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining employment with childcare: An escape from dependence? T2 - Journal of Social Policy J2 - J. Soc. Policy VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 223 EP - 247 PY - 1996 SN - 00472794 (ISSN) AU - Ward, C. AU - Dale, A. AU - Joshi, H. AD - North Shore City Council, New Zealand AD - Cathie Marsh Ctr. Census Surv. Res., Manchester University AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University AB - The availability of childcare is an important factor in enabling motherhood to be combined with paid employment. This article uses evidence from the fifth sweep of the National Child Development Study to analyse the use of childcare by a cohort of employed women who were aged 33 in 1991. There is a heavy reliance on informal care by women in partnerships and also by lone mothers. Formal care is most heavily used by women whose youngest child is under five, especially if the woman works full-time. Reported costs of childcare represent nearly a quarter of net weekly earnings for mothers with a child under five. Formal childcare is shown to play an important role in facilitating women's full-time employment. Full-time employment is the route by which women achieve financial independence from their partner. It also increases the likelihood of contributing to an occupational pension which, in turn, has implications for financial independence in later life. However, the majority of women in this cohort do not take the full-time route. For these women, low earnings potential and part-time working make paid childcare uneconomic and reinforces both their role as minor financial contributors within the family and their lack of pension provision in later life. N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: North Shore City CouncilNew Zealand N1 - References: Bradshaw, J., Millar, J., (1991) Lone Parent Families in the UK, , HMSO, London; Brannen, J., Moss, P., (1991) Managing Mothers: Dual Earner Households after Maternity Leave, , Unwin Hyman, London; Burchell, B., Dale, A., Joshi, H., Part-time working among British women (1996) Between Equalisation and Marginalisation: Part-time Working Women in Europe and in the United States, , forthcoming, H. P. Blossfeld and C. Hakim (eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford; Cohen, B., Fraser, N., (1991) Childcare in a Modern Welfare System: Towards a New National Policy, , Institute for Public Policy Research, London; Dale, A., Joshi, H., The economic and social status of British women (1992) Acta Demographica, pp. 27-46. , Physical Verlag, Heidelberg; Davies, H., Joshi, H., Mother's human capital and childcare in Britain (1993) National Institute Economic Review, 93 (146), pp. 50-63. , 4; Ferri, E., (1992) What Makes Childminding Work? A Study of the Training of Childminders, , National Children's Bureau, London; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow Up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, City University and the ESRC, London; Lone parents and the child care allowance (1994) The Bottom Line, pp. 9-10. , Newsletter, Summer issue; Holtermann, S., (1992) Investing in Young Children: Costing An Education and Day Care Service, , National Children's Bureau, London; Holtermann, S., (1993) Becoming a Breadwinner: Policies to Assist Lone Parents with Childcare, , Daycare Trust, London; Joshi, H., Obstacles and opportunities for lone parents as breadwinners in Great Britain (1990) Lone Parent Families: The Economic Challenge, pp. 127-150. , E. Duskin (ed.), OECD, Paris; Joshi, H., Marriage, motherhood and old age security (1994) The Family, Politics and the Law, , M. Maclean (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford (in press); Joshi, H., Davies, H., Daycare in Europe and mothers' foregone earnings (1992) International Labour Review, 131 (6), pp. 561-579; Joshi, H., Davies, H., The paid and unpaid roles of women: How should Social Security adapt? (1994) Social Security: New Challenges to the Beveridge Model, pp. 234-254. , S. Baldwin and J. Falkingham (eds.), Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead; McRae, S., Returning to work after childbirth: Opportunities and inequalities (1993) European Sociological Review, 9 (2), pp. 125-137; Marsh, A., McKay, S., Families, work and the use of childcare (1993) Employment Gazette, pp. 361-369. , August 1993; Martin, J., Roberts, C., (1984) Women and Employment: A Lifetime Perspective, , HMSO, London; Meltzer, H., (1994) Day Care Services for Children, , a survey carried out on behalf of the Department of Health in 1990, OPCS Social Survey Division, HMSO, London; Metcalf, H., Leighton, P., (1989) The Under-utilisation of Women in the Labour Market, , IMS Report No. 172, IMS, Brighton; Moss, P., (1988) Childcare and Equality of Opportunity, , Commission of the European Communities, Brussels; Paci, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., Paygaps Facing Men and Women Born in 1958: Differences within the labour market (1994) Economics of Equal Opportunities Seminar, , SSRU, City University; Pond, C., The changing distribution of income, wealth and poverty (1989) The Changing Social Structure, , C. Hamnett, L. McDowell and P. Sarre (eds.), Sage, London; Rose, D., Lauri, H., Household allocative systems, gender and class analysis (1991) Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, , paper 6, University of Essex, Colchester; Stark, T., (1988) New A-Z of Income and Wealth, , Fabian Society, London; Ward, C., Family income (1993) Life at 33: Findings from the Fifth Sweep of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (ed.), ESRC/National Children's Bureau, London; Ward, C., Dale, A., Joshi, H., Participation in the labour market (1993) Life at 33: Findings from the Fifth Sweep of the National Child Development Study, , E. Ferri (ed.), ESRC/National Children's Bureau, London; Ward, C., Joshi, H., Dale, A., (1993) Income Dependence Within Couples, , National Child Development Study working paper 36, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Witherspoon, S., Prior, G., Working mothers: Free to choose? (1991) British Social Attitudes the 8th Report, pp. 131-154. , R. Jowell (ed.), Dartmouth, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0003093613&partnerID=40&md5=9d48d3df79499c9841983a772ad3005a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surprises and housing tenure decisions in Great Britain T2 - Journal of Housing Economics J2 - J. Hous. Econ. VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 247 EP - 273 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1006/jhec.1996.0013 SN - 10511377 (ISSN) AU - Ermisch, J. AU - Di Salvo, P. AD - ESRC Res. Ctr. on Micro-social C., University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom AB - The paper models the transition rates between the three main housing tenures in Britain. "Surprises" like partnership break-up, acquisition of a partner, and spells of unemployment are found to have large impacts on tenure changes. Through their effects on these transition rates, variation in the rate of arrival of such surprises affects the "equilbrium" housing tenure distribution of people. The transition rate models are estimated using two sources of longitudinal data: the first four waves of the British Household Panel Study (1991-1994) and data for the 1958 birth cohort from the National Child Development Study, covering their housing experiences from the ages of 16-33. © 1996 Academic Press, Inc. PB - Academic Press Inc. N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JHECF LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ermisch, J.; ESRC Res. Ctr. on Micro-social C., University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Allison, P.D., Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories (1982) Sociological Methodology, pp. 61-98; Artle, R., Varaiya, P., Life cycle consumption and homeownership (1978) J. Econ. Theory, 18, pp. 38-58; Boehm, T.P., Income, wealth accumulation, and first-time homeownership: An intertemporal analysis (1993) J. Housing Econ., 3, pp. 16-30; Borsch-Supan, A., Pollakowski, H.O., Estimating housing consumption adjustments from panel data (1990) J. Urban Econ., 27, pp. 131-150; Di Salvo, P., Ermisch, J., An economic analysis of the leaving home decision: Theory and a dynamic econometric model (1995) Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, , University of Essex, Paper Number 95-11; Di Salvo, P., Ermisch, J., Analysis of the dynamics of housing tenure choice in Britain (1997) J. Urban Econ., , forthcoming; Dolton, P., Van Der Klaauw, W., Leaving teaching in the UK: A duration analysis (1995) Econ. J., 105, pp. 431-444; Ermisch, J., Findlay, J., Gibb, K., The price elasticity of housing demand in Britain (1996) J. Housing Econ., , forthcoming; Ermisch, J., Wright, R.E., Employment dynamics among British single mothers (1992) Oxford Bull. Econ. Statist., 53, pp. 99-122; Haurin, D.R., Income variability, homeownership, and housing demand (1991) J. Housing Econ., 1, pp. 60-74; Haurin, D.R., Hendershott, P.H., Kim, D., Housing decisions of American youth (1994) J. Urban Econ., pp. 28-44; Henderson, J.V., Ioannides, Y.M., Tenure choice and the demand for housing (1986) Economica, 53, pp. 231-246; Henderson, J.V., Ioannides, Y.M., Dynamic aspects of consumer decisions in housing markets (1989) J. Urban Econ., 26, pp. 212-230; Ioannides, Y.M., Residential mobility and housing tenure choice (1987) Region. Sci. Urban Econ., 17, pp. 265-287; King, M., An econometric model of tenure choice and the demand for housing of joint decision (1980) J. Public Econ., 14, pp. 137-159; Lancaster, T., (1990) The Econometric Analysis of Transition Data, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press; Murphy, M.J., The influence of fertility, early housing career, and socioeconomic factors on tenure determination in contemporary Britain (1984) Environ. Planning A, 16, pp. 1303-1318; Pickles, A., Davies, R., The longitudinal analysis of housing careers (1985) J. Region. Sci., 25, pp. 85-101; Ridder, G., (1987) The Sensitivity of Duration Models to Misspecified Unobserved Heterogeneity and Duration Dependence, , Mimeo., University of Amsterdam; Rosen, H., Housing decisions and the U.S. Income tax: An econometric analysis (1979) J. Public Econ., 11, pp. 1-23; Zorn, P.M., The impact of mortgage qualification criteria on households' housing decisions: An empirical analysis using microeconomic data (1993) J. Housing Econ., 3, pp. 51-75 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030240589&doi=10.1006%2fjhec.1996.0013&partnerID=40&md5=999222d22b500d5d5a3c46bd58631f42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in motor vehicle traffic fatalities among Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites and American Indians in New Mexico, 1958-1990 T2 - Ethnicity and Health J2 - Ethn. Health VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 283 EP - 291 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1080/13557858.1996.9961797 SN - 13557858 (ISSN) AU - Schiff, M. AU - Becker, T. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, 2211 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5286, United States AB - Objective. New Mexico has had the highest motor vehicle fatality rate in the nation for many years. Our objective was to examine ethnic differences and trends in motor vehicle fatality rates. Design. Using death certificate data from the New Mexico Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics, we compiled age-adjusted motor vehicle-related mortality rates from 1958-1990 among the three major ethnic groups in New Mexico - Hispanics, white non-Hispanics and American Indians. Results. Over the 33-year study period, American Indians of both sexes had two to three times higher mortality rates than white non-Hispanics. Hispanic males also had higher motor vehicle death rates than white non-Hispanic males. During the 1970s fatality rates peaked, with age-adjusted death rates of 233/100 000 for American Indian males, 74.7 for Hispanic males and 49.3 for white non-Hispanics for the period 1973-1977. Evaluation of successive 5-year birth cohorts showed highest mortality rates for ages 15-29 years for each ethnic group and both sexes, and a dramatic decline in most ethnic, sex and age-specific rates during the last eight years of the study period. Conclusion. Although the recent trends indicate favorable changes in motor vehicle fatality rates, our data highlight the need for ethnic and age-specific interventions to further reduce rates of motor vehicle-related mortality in this state. © 1996 Journals Oxford Ltd. KW - Accidents KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Indian KW - Mortality KW - Traffic KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age distribution KW - American Indian KW - article KW - Caucasian KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - comparative study KW - death certificate KW - female KW - health survey KW - Hispanic KW - human KW - infant KW - male KW - mortality KW - preschool child KW - risk factor KW - sex ratio KW - statistics KW - traffic accident KW - United States KW - Accidents, Traffic KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Death Certificates KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Female KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Humans KW - Indians, North American KW - Infant KW - Male KW - New Mexico KW - Population Surveillance KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Distribution PB - Carfax Publishing Company N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ETHEF C2 - 9395573 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schiff, M.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, 2211 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5286, United States N1 - References: National Safety Council Accident Facts. Itasca, IL: National Safety Council, 1992; (1992) New Mexico Traffic Crash Data 1991, , Transportation Programs Division Traffic Safety Bureau; Sewell, C.M., Becker, T.M., Wiggins, C.L., Key, C.R., Hull, H.F., Samuel, J.M., Injury mortality in New Mexico's American Indians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites, 1958-1982 (1989) West J Med, 150, pp. 708-713; Becker, T.M., Wiggins, C.L., Key, C.R., Samet, J.M., Ischemic heart disease mortality in Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico, 1958-1982 (1988) Circulation, 78, pp. 302-309; Wiggins, C.L., Becker, T.M., Key, C.R., Samet, J.M., Cancer mortality among New Mexico's Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic whites, 1958-1987 (1993) JNCI, 278, pp. 1186-1197; Wiggins, C.L., Samet, J.M., Methods (1993) Racial and Ethnic Patterns of Mortality in New Mexico, pp. 1-11. , Becjer TM, Elliott, RS, Key CR & Somet JM, Eds. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press; Colton, T., (1974) Statistics in Medicine, , Boston, MS: Little, Brown; (1985) SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5 Edition, , Cary, NC: SAS Institute; (1991) Trends in Indian Health, , Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; Motor vehicle crashes and injuries in an Indian Community - Arizona (1989) MMWR, 38, pp. 589-591; Mahoney, M.C., Fatal motor vehicle traffic accidents among Native Americans (1991) Am J Prev Med, 7, pp. 112-116; Porvaznik, J., Jensen, G.H., Motor vehicle accidents and emergency medical services in Indian reservations (1988) Mil Med, 153, pp. 453-456; Safety-belt use and motor vehicle-related injuries - Navajo Nation, 1988-1991 (1992) MMWR, 41, pp. 705-708; Baker, S.P., Whitfield, R.A., O'Neill, B., Geographic variations in mortality from motor vehicle crashes (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 1385-1387; Schick, F.L., Schick, R., (1991) Statistical Handbook on US Hispanics, , Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press; Ross, H.L., Howard, J.M., Ganikos, M.L., Taylor, E.D., Drunk driving among American blacks and Hispanics (1991) Accid Anal Prev, 23, pp. 1-11; May, G., Baker, W., Human and environmental factors in alcohol-related traffic accidents (1974) Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety, pp. 129-145. , Israelstam S & Lambert S, Eds. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario; Caetano, R., A note on arrest statistics for alcohol-related offenses (1984) Drinking and Drug Practices Surveyor, 19, pp. 12-17; Moyer, L.A., Boyle, C.A., Pollock, D.A., Validity of death certificates for injury-related causes of death (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 130, pp. 1024-1032 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030224433&doi=10.1080%2f13557858.1996.9961797&partnerID=40&md5=cfa840707a2fdf11ddfc4d2d21f87bf4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 415 EP - 422 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1136/jech.50.4.415 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Montgomery, S.M. AU - Bartley, M.J. AU - Cook, D.G. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital, Medical School, London, United Kingdom AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College, London, United Kingdom AB - Objective - To identify health and socioeconomic factors in childhood that are precursors of unemployment in early adult life and to examine the hypothesis that young men who become unemployed are more likely to have accumulated risks to health during childhood. Design - Longitudinal birth cohort study. The amount of unemployment experienced in early adult life up to age 32 years was the outcome measure used. Exposure measures to indicate vulnerability to future ill health were: height at age 7 years and the Bristol social adjustment guide (BSAG) at age 11 years, a measure of behavioural maladjustment. Socioeconomic measures were: social class at birth, crowding at age 7, qualifications attained before labour market entry, and region of residence. Setting - Great Britain. Subjects - Altogether 2256 men with complete data from the national child development study (NCDS). The NCDS has collected data on all men and women born in one week in 1958 and has followed them up using interviews, self completion questionnaires, and medical examinations at birth and at ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 years. Results - A total of 269 men (11.9%) experienced more than one year of unemployment between ages 22 and 32 years. Poor socioeconomic conditions in childhood and a lack of qualifications were associated with an increased risk of unemployment. Geographical region was also significant in determining the risk of unemployment. Men with short stature and poor social adjustment in childhood were more likely to experience unemployment in adult life, even after controlling for socioeconomic background, education, and parental height. These differences remained when those with chronic childhood illnesses were excluded from the analysis. The adjusted relative odds for experiencing more than one year of unemployment between ages 22 and 32 years for men who were in the top fifth of the BSAG distribution (most maladjusted) compared with those in the bottom fifth were 2.36 (95% CI 1.49, 3.73). The adjusted relative odds for experiencing more than one year of unemployment between ages 22 and 32 years for men who were in the bottom fifth of the distribution of height at age 7 years (indicating slowest growth) compared with those in the top fifth, were 2.41 (95% CI 1.43, 4.04). Adult height was not significantly associated with unemployment. Conclusion - The relationship between unemployment and poor health arises, in part, because men who become unemployed are more likely to have accumulated risks to health during childhood, reflected by slower growth and a greater tendency to behavioural maladjustment. Short stature in childhood is a significant indicator of poor socioeconomic circumstances in childhood and reflects earlier poor development. KW - academic achievement KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - crowding KW - disease predisposition KW - follow up KW - geographic distribution KW - health status KW - high risk population KW - human KW - interview KW - maladjustment KW - male KW - medical examination KW - normal human KW - questionnaire KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - unemployment KW - United Kingdom PB - BMJ Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :93 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom N1 - References: Cook, D.G., Cummins, R.O., Bartley, M.J., Shaper, A.G., Health of unemployed middle aged men in Great Britain (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 1290-1294; Daniel, W.W., Stilgoe, E., (1979) Where are they Now? A Follow up Study of the Unemployed, , London: Political and Economic Planning; Moylan, S., Davies, R., The disadvantages of the unemployed (1980) Employment Gazette, 88, pp. 830-832; Moylan, S., Millar, J., Davies, R., (1984) For Richer, for Poorer - DHSS Cohort Study of Unemployed Men, , London: HMSO; Moser, K.A., Fox, A.J., Jones, D.R., Unemployment and mortality in the OPCS longitudinal study (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1324-1328; Moser, K.A., Goldblatt, P.O., Fox, A.J., Jones, D.R., Unemployment and mrtality: Comparison of the 1971 and 1981 longitudinal study samples (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 86-90; Morris, J.K., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Loss of employment and mortality (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1135-1139; Cook, D.G., A critical view of the unemployment and health debate (1985) The Statistician, 34, pp. 73-82; Wagstaff, A., Unemployment and health: Some pitfalls for the unwary (1986) Health Trends, 18, pp. 79-81; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1986) Class and Health, pp. 50-74. , Wilkinson RG ed. Cambridge: Tavistock; Robinson, N., Yateman, N.A., Protopapa, L.E., Bush, L., Unemployment and diabetes (1989) Diabetic Med, 6, pp. 797-880; Clausen, B., Bjomdal, A., Hjort, P.F., Health and reemployment in a two year follow-up of long term unemployed (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 14-18; Jahoda, M., The impact of unemployment in the 1930s and the 1970s (1979) Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 32, pp. 309-314; Warr, P.B., Job loss, unemployment and psychological well-being (1984) Role Transitions, , Allen V, Van de Vliert E eds. New York: Plenum Press; Warr, P.B., (1987) Work, Unemployment and Mental Health, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Isakson, K., Unemployment and mental health and the psychological function of work in male welfare clients in Stokholm (1989) Scand J Soc Med, 17, pp. 165-169; Banks, M.H., Jackson, P.R., Unemployment and the risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence (1982) Psychol Med, 12, pp. 189-198; White, M., (1991) Against Unemployment, , London: Policy Studies Institute; Whelan, C.T., The role of income, life-style deprivation and financial strain in mediating the impact of unemployment on psychological distress - Evidence from the Republic of Ireland (1992) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 65, pp. 331-334; Morris, J.K., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Non-employment and changes in smoking, drinking and body weight (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 536-541; Bartley, M.J., Unemployment and health: Selection or causation? (1987) Sociology of Health and Illness, 10, pp. 41-67; Ramsden, S., Smee, C., The health of unemployed men: DHSS cohort study (1981) Employment Gazette, 89, pp. 397-401; Kaplan, H.B., Social psychology of the immune system: A conceptual framework and review of the literature (1991) Soc Sci Med, 33, pp. 909-923; Stern, J., The relationship between unemployment, morbidity and mortality in Britain (1983) Population Studies, 37 (1), pp. 61-74; Martikainen, P., Unemployment and mortality among Finnish men (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 407-411; Iversen, L., Andersen, O., Andersen, P.K., Christoffersen, K., Keiding, N., Unemploment and mortality in Denmark (1987) BMJ, 295, pp. 879-884; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class. the Early Years, , London:Chapman and Hall; Valkonen, T., Martikainen, P., The association between unemployment and mortality: Causation or selection? (1992) Premature Adult Mortality in Developed Countries, , Proceedings of IUSSP Seminar, Taormina, Italy 1-5 June; Douglas, J.W.B., Ross, J.M., Simpson, H.R., All our future (1968) London: Peter Davies; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape from Disadvantage, , London: The Palmer Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time. Childhood History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Elias, P., Blanchfiower, D., (1987) The Occupations, Earnings and Work Histories of Young Adults - Who Gets the Good Jobs?, , Department of Employment research paper no 68. London: Department of Employment; Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , London: British Medical Journal Publications; Dahl, E., Kjaersgaard, P., Social mobility and inequality in mortality (1993) Eur J Public Health, 3, pp. 124-132; Tanner, J.M., (1955) Growth at Adolescence, , Oxford: Blackell; Preece, M.A., Holder, A.T., The somatomedins: A family of serum growth factors (1982) Recent Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2. , O'Riordan JLH ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Preece, M.A., Prepubertal and pubertal endocrinology (1985) Human Growth. 2nd Ed., , Falkner J, Tanner JM. London: Plenum Press; West, P., Future imperfect: Teenagers and Health (1994) MRC News, 63, pp. 36-40; Harrington, R., Bredenkamp, D., Groothues, C., Rutter, M., Fudge, H., Pickles, A., Adult outcomes of childhood and adolecent depression - Links with suicidal behaviours (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1309-1319; Zoccolillo, M., Pickles, A., Quinton, D., Rutter, M., The outcome of childhood conduct disorder - Implications for denning adult personality disorder and conduct cisorders (1992) Psychol Med, 22, pp. 971-986; Cherry, N., Persistent job changing - Is it a problem? (1976) Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49, pp. 203-221; Block, J., Gjerde, P.F., Depressive symptoms in late adolescence: A longitudinal perspective on personality anticedents (1989) Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology, , Rolf J, Masten AS, Cicchetti D, Nuechterlein KE, Weintraub S eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study:An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS working paper no 1. London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33, , London: National Children's Bureau; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Albennan, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Children's housing and their health and physical development (1978) Child: Health, Care and Development., 4, pp. 357-369; Goldblatt, P.O., Mortality and alternative social classifications (1990) Longitudinal Study: Mortality and Social Organisation, pp. 163-192. , Goldblatt P ed. London: HMSO; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children, , London/University of London Press; Norusis, M.J., (1990) SPSS User's Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Greco, L., Power, C., Peckham, C., Adult outcome of normal children who are short or underweight at age 7 years (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 696-700; Lichtenstein, P., Harris, J.R., Pedersen, N.L., McCleam, G.E., Socioeconomic status and physical health, how are they related? An empirical study based on twins reared apart and wins reared together (1992) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 441-450 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029844441&doi=10.1136%2fjech.50.4.415&partnerID=40&md5=02351f7297c568e9a8fee19c58f22549 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts T2 - Thorax J2 - THORAX VL - 51 IS - 7 SP - 670 EP - 676 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1136/thx.51.7.670 SN - 00406376 (ISSN) AU - Lewis, S. AU - Butland, B. AU - Strachan, D. AU - Bynner, J. AU - Richards, D. AU - Butler, N. AU - Britton, J. AD - Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital, Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom AD - Department of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom AB - Background - Data from two national British birth cohorts were used to measure the increase in prevalence of wheezing illness at age 16 between 1974 and 1986, and to investigate the role of several potential risk factors in the increase. Methods - The occurrence of self-reported asthma or wheezy bronchitis within the past year, and the frequency of attacks of wheezing illness at age 16, were compared in 11262 and 9266 children born in one week of 1958 and 1970, respectively. The effects of several putative risk factors for asthma - including birth weight, maternal age, birth order, breast feeding, maternal smoking in pregnancy, child's personal smoking, and father's social class - on the change in occurrence of wheezing illness at age 16 were assessed by multiple logistic regression. Results - The annual period prevalence of asthma or wheezy bronchitis at age 16 increased from 3.8% in 1974 to 6.5% in 1986 (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.71, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.93). The proportion of children experiencing attacks more than once a week increased from 0.2% to 0.7% (PR = 3.77, 95% CI 2.28 to 6.23). The prevalence of self-reported eczema and hayfever within the past year doubled between 1974 and 1986, suggesting that the increase in asthma was part of a general increase in the prevalence of atopic disease. However, in the complete dataset, after adjustment for the effects of the risk factors studied, the prevalence odds ratio for asthma or wheezy bronchitis in 1986 compared with 1974 was virtually unchanged from the unadjusted value at 1.77 (95% CI 1.46 to 2.15). Conclusion - The prevalence of wheezing illness in British teenagers increased by approximately 70% between 1974 and 1986. This increase appears to have occurred in the context of a general increase in atopic disease and was largely unexplained by changes in the distribution of maternal age, birth order, birth weight, infant feeding, maternal smoking, active smoking by the child, or father's social class. KW - Adolescent asthma KW - Aetiology KW - Time trends KW - adolescent KW - article KW - atopy KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - smoking KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - wheezing PB - BMJ Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :89 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: THORA C2 - 8882071 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lewis, S.; Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom N1 - References: Anderson, H.R., Is asthma really increasing? (1993) Paediatr Respir Med, 1, pp. 6-10; Anderson, H.R., Butland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Trends in the prevalence and severity of childhood asthma (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1600-1604; Burney, P.G.J., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? Evidence from the national study of health and growth 1973-80 (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 1306-1310; Burr, M.L., Butland, B.K., King, S., Vaughan-Wilhams, E., Changes in asthma prevalence: Two surveys 15 years apart (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1452-1456; Gergen, P.J., Mullally, D.I., Fvans, R., National survey of prevalence of asthma among children in the United States, 1976 to 1980 (1988) Pediatrics, 81, pp. 1-7; Mitchell, E.A., Increasing prevalence of asthma in children (1983) N Z Med J, 96, pp. 463-464; Hsieh, K.-H., Shen, J.-J., Prevalence of childhood asthma in Taipei, Taiwan, and other Asian Pacific countries (1988) J Asthma, 25, pp. 73-82; Britton, J.R., Asthma's changing prevalence (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 857-858; Ninan, T.K., Russell, G., Respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen school children: Evidence from two surveys 25 years apart (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 873-875; Seaton, A., Godden, D.J., Brown, K., Increase in asthma: A more toxic environment or a more susceptible population? (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 171-174; Peat, J.K., Van Den Berg, R.H., Green, W.F., Mellis, C.M., Leeder, S.R., Changing prevalence of asthma in Australian children (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1591-1596; Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Danon, Y.L., Is low birth weight a risk factor for asthma during adolescence (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 584-587; Schwartz, J., Gold, D., Dockery, D.W., Weiss, S.T., Speizer, F.E., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; Burr, M.L., Epidemiology of asthma (1993) Epidemiol Clin Alleregy, 31, pp. 80-102; (1966) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; (1985) SAS Users' Guide: Basics and Statistics. Version 5, , Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute; (1990) SPSS/PC - 4. Base Manual, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; (1988) EGRET, , Seattle: SERC; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1980) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume 1: The Analysis of Case-control Studies, 1, p. 76. , Davis W, ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC Scientific Publications No. 32); Hill, R., Change in use of asthma as a diagnostic label for wheezing illness in schoolchildren (1989) BMJ, 299, p. 898; Whallett, F.J., Ayres, J.G., Labelling shift from acute bronchitis may be contributing to the recent nse in asthma mortality in the 5-34 age group (1993) Respir Med, 87, pp. 183-186; Hay, I.E.C., Higenbottam, T.W., Has the management of asthma improved? (1987) Lancet, 2, pp. 609-611; Barbee, R.A., Brown, W.G., Kaltenborn, W., Halonen, M., Allergen skin-test reactivity in a community population sample: Correlation with age, histamine skin reactions, and total serum immunoglobulin (1981) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 68, pp. 15-19; Lewis, S., Richards, D., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Britton, J., The aetiology of wheezing illness in childhood and adolescence: A prospective study of the independent effects of passive smoking, birth weight, maternal age, and socio-economic status (1995) Eur Respir J, 8, pp. 349-356; Strachan, D.P., The prevalence and natural history of wheezing in early childhood (1985) J R Coll Gen, Pract, 35, pp. 182-184; Luyt, D.K., Burton, P.R., Simpson, H., Epidemiological study of wheeze, doctor diagnosed asthma, and cough in preschool children in Leicestershire (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 1386-1390; Barker, D.J.P., Godfrey, K.M., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Shaheen, S.O., Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 671-675; Tager, I.B., Hanrahan, J.P., Tosteson, T.D., Castile, R.G., Brown, R.W., Weiss, S.T., Lung function, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure, and wheezing in the first year of life (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis, 147, pp. 811-817; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and lower respiratory tract illness in early life (1987) Arch Dis Child, 62, pp. 786-791; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Patel, S., Peckham, C., The natural history of asthma in childhood (1986) J Epidemiol Community Health, 40, pp. 121-129; Von Mutius, E., Martinez, F.D., Fritzsch, C., Nicolai, T., Reitmeir, P., Thiemann, H.-H., Skin test reactivity and number of siblings (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 692-696; Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene, and household size (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 1259-1260; Chandra, R.K., Puri, S., Cheema, P.S., Predictive value of cord blood IgE in the development of atopic disease and role of breast feeding in its prevention (1985) Clin Allergy, 15, pp. 517-522; Wald, N., Kiryluk, S., Darby, S., Doll, R., Pike, M., Peto, R., (1988) UK Smoking Statistics, pp. 34-35. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Arshad, S.H., Hide, D.W., Effect of environmental factors on the development of allergic disorders in infancy (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 90, pp. 235-241; Adams, L., Lonsdale, D., Robinson, M., Rawbone, R., Respiratory impairment induced by smoking in children in secondary schools (1984) BMJ, 288, p. 891 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030005286&doi=10.1136%2fthx.51.7.670&partnerID=40&md5=a4c83a7a020a10fe76b6d7d1a8067589 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The British longitudinal birth cohort studies: Their utility for the study of health and place T2 - Health and Place J2 - HEALTH PLACE VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 26 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1016/1353-8292(95)00038-0 SN - 13538292 (ISSN) AU - Ekinsmyth, C. AD - Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, United Kingdom AB - Very little use has been made in geography of Britain's three longitudinal birth cohort studies. These studies are currently charting the lives of three cohorts born, respectively, in 1946, 1958 and 1970, collecting information at intervals about major aspects of the cohort members' existence. Funding permitting, these studies aim to continue throughout the lives of their cohorts. This paper seeks to provide a brief introduction to the studies, to show what they contain, and to consider their advantages and disadvantages for secondary data analysis, particularly with regard to the study of health and place. KW - Geographical KW - Health KW - Longitudinal KW - Place KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - data analysis KW - geography KW - health status KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - medical research KW - priority journal KW - United Kingdom KW - longitudinal birth cohort KW - population study KW - secondary data analysis KW - UK PB - Elsevier Ltd N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HEPLF LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ekinsmyth, C.; Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, United Kingdom N1 - References: Atkins, E., Cherry, N., Douglas, J., Kiernan, K., Wadsworth, M., The 1946 British Birth Cohort Survey: An account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe: An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention, , Mednick, S. and Baert, A. (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Blaxter, M., Longitudinal studies in Britain relevant to inequalities in health (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, , Wilkinson, R. (ed.), London: Tavistock; Braddon, F., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M., Davies, J., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) British Medical Journal, 293, pp. 299-303; Britten, N., Models of intergenerational class mobility: Findings from the National Survey of health and development (1981) British Journal of Sociology, 32, pp. 224-238; Britten, N., Davies, J., Colley, J., Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women (1987) British Medical Journal, 294, pp. 1317-1320; Britton, M., (1990) Mortality and Geography: A Review of the Mid 1980s, , London: HMSO; Britton, M., Fox, A., Goldblatt, P., Jones, D., Rosato, M., The influence of socio-economic and environmental factors on geographic variation in mortality (1990) Mortality and Geography: A Review of the Mid-1980s, , Britton, M. (ed.), London: HMSO; Buck, N., Gershuny, J., Rose, D., Scott, J., (1994) Changing Households: The British Household Panel Survey, 1990-1992, , Colchester, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, University of Essex; Butler, N., Bonham, D., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Butler, N., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergammon; Bynner, J., (1993) The Use of Longitudinal Cohort Studies in the Policy Process: An Anglo-German Perspective, , London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society; Cherry, N., Women, and work stress: Evidence from the 1946 birth cohort (1984) Ergonomics, 27, pp. 519-526; Cherry, N., Nervous strain, anxiety and symptoms amongst 32-year-old men at work in Britain (1984) Journal of Occupational Psychology, 57, pp. 95-105; Creeser, R., Hattersley, L., (1994) LS Technical Volume, , London: HMSO; Dale, A., The OPCS longitudinal study (1993) The 1991 Census User's Handbook, , Dale, A. and Marsh, C. (eds), London: HMSO; Douglas, J., (1964) The Home and the School, , London: MacGibbon and Kee; Douglas, J., The use and abuse of national cohorts (1976) The Organisation and Impact of Social Research, , Shipman, M. (ed.), London: Routledge; Douglas, J., The value of birth cohort studies (1981) Longitudinal Research: Methods and Uses in Behavioural Science, , Schulsinger, F., Mednick, S. and Knop, J. (eds), Boston: Martinus Nijhoff; Douglas, J., The contribution of long-term research to social medicine (1981) Longitudinal Research: Methods and Uses in Behavioural Science, , Schulsinger, F., Sarnoff, A., Mednick, S. and Knop, J. (eds), Boston: Martinus Nijhoff; Duncan, C., Jones, K., Moon, G., Do places matter? A multi-level analysis of regional variations in health-related behaviour in Britain (1993) Social Science and Medicine, 37 (6), pp. 725-733; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., (1994) The Basic Skills of Young Adults, , London: ALBSU; Ekinsmyth, C., Large-scale longitudinal studies: Their utility for geographic enquiry (1996) Area, , forthcoming; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., An integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (1992) SSRU Inter-cohort Analysis Working Paper Series, Paper No. 1, , London: City University; Fielding, A., Inter-regional migration and social change: A study of South East England based upon data from the longitudinal study (1989) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, NS 14, pp. 24-36; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; Fogelman, K., Wedge, P., The National Child Development Study (1958 British cohort) (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe: An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention, , Mednick, S. and Baert, A. (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Golding, J., Research protocol: European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) (1989) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 3, pp. 460-469; Golding, J., Children of the nineties: A longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood based on the population of Avon (ALSPAC) (1990) West of England Medical Journal, 105 (3), pp. 80-82; Golding, J., (1994) A Guide to The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC), , Bristol: Institute of Child Health; Goldstein, H., (1995) Multi-Level Statistical Models, , London: Edward Arnold; Gregory, D., People, places and practices: The future of human geography (1985) Geographical Futures, , King, R. (ed.), Sheffield: Geographical Association; (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , London: Oxford University Press; Jones, K., (1991) Multi-level Models for Geographical Research, , Norwich: Geobooks; Jones, K., Duncan, C., People and places: The multilevel model as a general framework for the quantitative analysis of geographical data (1994) Technical Paper No. 949, Centre for Survey Data Analysis, , Southampton: University of Southampton; Jones, K., Duncan, C., Individuals and their ecologies: Analysing the geography of chronic illness within a multilevel modelling framework (1995) Health and Place, 1, pp. 27-40; Jones, K., Moon, G., Medical geography: Taking space seriously (1993) Progress in Human Geography, 17 (4), pp. 515-524; Kearns, R., The place of health in the health of place: The Hokianga special medical area (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 33, pp. 519-530; Kearns, R., Place and health: Towards a reformed medical geography (1993) Professional Geographer, 45 (2), pp. 139-147; Kiernan, K., Teenage motherhood - Associated factors and consequences - The experience of a British birth cohort (1980) Journal of Biosocial Science, 12, pp. 393-405; Kiernan, K., Eldridge, S., Age at marriage: Inter and intra cohort variation (1987) British Journal of Sociology, pp. 44-63. , 38 pp; Kuh, D., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Pattern and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 114-119; Kuh, D., Maclean, M., Women's childhood experience of parental separation and their subsequent health and socio-economic status in adulthood (1990) Journal of Biosocial Science, 22, pp. 121-135; Macintyre, S., Annandale, E., Ecob, R., Ford, G., Hunt, B., Jamieson, B., MacIver, S., Wyke, S., The West of Scotland twenty-07 study: Health in the community (1989) Readings for a New Public Health, , Martin, C. and MacQueen, D. eds Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; Macintyre, S., MacIver, S., Soomans, A., Area, class and health: Should we be focusing on places or people? (1993) Journal of Social Policy, 22 (2), pp. 213-234; MacIver, S., Macintyre, S., (1987) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Selection of the Study Localities and Region, , Glasgow: MRC Medical Sociology Unit; Maclean, M., Wadsworth, M., The interests of children after parental divorce: A long term perspective (1988) International Journal of Law and the Family, 2, pp. 155-166; Martin, D., Postcodes and the 1991 census of population: Issues, problems and prospects (1992) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, NS 17, pp. 350-357; Massey, D., Allen, J., (1984) Geography Matters!: A Reader, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; McDowell, L., Measuring housing deprivation in post-war Britain (1979) Area, 11 (3), pp. 264-269; McDowell, L., Housing deprivation: A longitudinal analysis (1982) Area, 14, pp. 144-150; McDowell, L., Housing deprivation: An intergenerational approach (1983) The Structure of Disadvantage, , Brown, M. (ed.), London: Heinemann; Mednick, S., Baert, A., (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ni Bhrolchain, M., Women's paid work and the timing of births (1986) European Journal of Population, 2, pp. 43-70; Osborn, A., Butler, N., Morris, A., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Years Olds, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Robins, L., Problems in follow-up studies (1977) American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, pp. 904-907; Rodgers, B., Behaviour and personality in childhood as predictors of adult psychiatric disorder (1990) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, pp. 393-414; Ross, E., Peckham, C., West, P., Butler, N., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 280, pp. 207-210; Schulsinger, F., Mednick, S., Knop, J., (1981) Longitudinal Research: Methods and Uses in Behavioural Science, , Boston: Martinus Nijhoff; Shepherd, P., (1995) NCDS User Support Group: Working Paper No. 2 (Revised Edn), , London: City University; Wadsworth, M., The role of the large-scale longitudinal design in studies of child development (1986) Early Child Development and Care, 25, pp. 291-304; Wadsworth, M., Evidence from three birth cohort studies of longterm and cross-generational effects on the development of children (1986) Children of Social Worlds, , Richards, M. and Light, P. (eds), Oxford: Oxford and Harvard University Press; Wadsworth, M., (1991) The Imprint of Time, , Oxford: Clarendon Pres; Wadsworth, M., The policy usefulness of birth cohort studies of health: Examples from the British 1946 cohort study (1993) The Use of Longitudinal Cohort Studies in the Policy Process: An Anglo-German Perspective, , Bynner, J. (ed.), London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society; Wadsworth, M., Prediction of adult disease (1994) The Epidemiology of Childhood Disorders, , Pless, I. (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Wadsworth, M., Maclean, M., Kuh, D., Rodgers, B., Children of divorced and separated parents: A summary and review of findings from a long-term follow-up study in the U.K (1991) Sauvegarde De l'Enfance, 46, pp. 152-161; Wadsworth, M., Mann, S., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D., Hilder, W., Yusuf, E., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Taylor, B., The role of national longitudinal studies in the prediction of health, development and behaviour (1984) Monitoring Child Health in the United States, , Walker, D. and Richmond, J. (eds), Harvard: Harvard University Press; Wadsworth, M., Rodgers, B., Long term follow-up studies: A critical overview (1989) Review Epidemiologique Et Sante Publique, 37, pp. 533-540 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029669724&doi=10.1016%2f1353-8292%2895%2900038-0&partnerID=40&md5=32a6f15942892dc26634cc294d594c9d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social mobility and mental health in a Swedish cohort T2 - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology J2 - SOC. PSYCHIATRY PSYCHIATR. EPIDEMIOL. VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 38 EP - 48 PY - 1996 SN - 09337954 (ISSN) AU - Timms, D.W.G. AD - Department of Applied Social Science, University of Stirling, Stirling EK9 4LA, United Kingdom AB - Data from Project Metropolitan, a study of a Stockholm cohort born in 1953, is used to investigate the relationship between social mobility and mental health. The analysis was based on 6928 males and included data gathered on the parents of the cohort at birth and during childhood, at draft board examinations conducted at age 19 years, census records when the cohort was aged 27 years and hospital records for the period during which the cohort was aged 20-30 years. At the age of 19 years, the sons of unskilled working class parents had a prevalence of psychiatric disorder that was approximately twice that of those born into upper-middle class families and they were one-third as likely to be rated as having a high coping ability. There was a strong association between mental health and the occupational status of the cohort members themselves at the age of 27 years. The health of those not fully employed and, to a lesser extent, those classified as students, was especially problematic. The sons of parents who exhibited downwards mobility during the childhood of the cohort had a greater risk of psychiatric disorder during early adulthood than those with parents who either rose in status or remained static. Intergenerational mobility, comparing the occupation of sons at the age of 27 years with that of their fathers at the time of their birth, was associated with a clear gradient in mental health: sons who rose in status had high ratings for coping ability and a low risk of psychiatric disorder, those who fell in status had low ratings for coping ability and a relatively high risk of impairment. Comparisons between Project Metropolitan and the British National Child Development Study (NCDS) cohort suggest that the selective effects of health may be more important in determining intergenerational social mobility than has sometimes been claimed. KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - coping behavior KW - experience KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - normal human KW - parent KW - prevalence KW - social class KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - student KW - sweden KW - unemployment KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Career Mobility KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Parents KW - Patient Admission KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPPEE C2 - 8821922 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Timms, D.W.G.; Department Applied Social Science, University of Stirling, Stirling EK9 4LA, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1980) Inequalities in Health: Report of a Research Working Group Chaired by Sir Douglas Black, , DHSS, London; Dohrenwend, B.P., Socioeconomic status (SES) and psychiatric disorders: Are the issues still compelling (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 25, pp. 41-47; Fox, A.J., Goldblatt, P.D., Jones, D.R., Social class mortality differentials: Artefact, selection or life circumstances? (1985) J Epidemiol Community Health, 39, pp. 1-8; Illsley, R., Occupational class, selection and inequalities in health (1986) J Soc Aff, 2, pp. 151-165; Janson, C.-G., On Project Metropolitan and the longitudinal perspective (1995) Project Metropolitan Research Report No. 40, , Stockholm; Leighton, D.C., Hagnell, O., Leighton, A.H., Harding, J.S., Kellert, S.R., Danley, R.A., Psychiatric morbidity in a Swedish and a Canadian community: An exploratory study (1971) Soc Sci Med, 5, pp. 189-209; Lundberg, O., Causal explanations for class inequalities in health - An empirical analysis (1991) Soc Sci Med, 32, pp. 385-393; Lundberg, O., Childhood living conditions, health status and social mobility: A contribution to the health selection debate (1991) Eur Soc Rev, 7, pp. 149-161; Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1994) Soc Sci Med, 36, pp. 1047-1052; Peck, M., Childhood environment, intergenerational mobility, and adult health-evidence from Swedish data (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 71-74; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , Chapman and Hall, London; Register data II - A code book (1980) Project Metropolitan Research Report No 15, , Stockholm; Timms, D.W.G., Psychiatric disorder and socio-economic status amongst a cohort of Stockholm boys (1990) Project Metropolitan Research Report No 30, , Stockholm; Timms, D.W.G., Family structure in childhood and mental health in adolescence (1991) Project Metropolitan Research Report No 32, , Stockholm; Timms, D.W.G., Mental health, mental illness and family background (1995) Project Metropolitan Research Report No 42, , Stockholm; Vogel, J., Andersson, L.-G., Davidsson, U., Häll, L., (1988) Inequality in Sweden: Trends and Current Situation, , Statistics Sweden, Stockholm; Vàgerö, D., Lundberg, O., Health inequalities in Britain and Sweden (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 35-36; Wilkinson, R.G., (1986) Class and Health, , Tavistock, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030041628&partnerID=40&md5=8644217ebbb01084a3e81b86f3ce5da2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Injuries and the risk of disability in teenagers and young adults T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - ARCH. DIS. CHILD. VL - 75 IS - 2 SP - 156 EP - 158 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1136/adc.75.2.156 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Barker, M. AU - Power, C. AU - Roberts, I. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University of London, United Kingdom AD - Directorate of Public Health, Brent and Harrow Health Authority, Grace House, Bessborough Road, Harrow, HA1 3EX, United Kingdom AB - Objective - To examine the risk of disability from unintentional injury in teenagers and young adults. Methods - Analyses of data from the National Child Development Study, a follow up study of 98% of all children born in England, Scotland, and Wales in one week in March, 1958. In 1981, 12 537 study participants, 76% of the original cohort, were asked about unintentional injuries since age 16 years requiring hospital treatment, and whether these injuries resulted in permanent disability. Results - 62% of men and 26% of women reported at least one accident since age 16 resulting in injury that required hospital treatment. Of these accidents, 3.2% caused permanent disability. The risk of disability increased with accident frequency. Injuries requiring hospital admission carried the highest risk of disability (9.7%). However, 54% of permanent disability reported by men and 74% reported by women resulted from injuries treated as outpatients. Road traffic accidents caused 42% of admissions and 31% of disability. Fractures constituted 21% of all injuries but were responsible for 32% of permanent disabilities. Of the permanent disabilities resulting from work related accidents, 82% involved the hand. Of the permanent disabilities resulting from accidents in the home, 32% involved the hand. Conclusion - The targeting of prevention strategies towards the major causes of injury mortality may have a smaller impact on population levels of injury related disability. Non-life threatening injuries, in particular injuries to the hand and limb fractures, resulting from accidents in the workplace, the home, and during sports, make a significant contribution to the prevalence of permanent injury related disability in young adults. KW - Cohort KW - Disability KW - Injuries KW - Young adults KW - accident KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - disability KW - etiology KW - female KW - fracture KW - home accident KW - hospital admission KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - sport injury KW - traffic accident KW - work disability PB - BMJ Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Barker, M.; Public Health, Brent and Harrow Health Authority, Grace House, Harrovian Bus. Village, Bessborough Road, Harrow HA1 3EX, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1992) Mortality Statistics: Cause (DH2), , London: HMSO; (1991) The Health of the Nation, , London: HMSO; (1995) Fit for the Future: Second Progress Report on the Health of the Nation, , London: HMSO; Yates, D.W., Scoring systems for trauma (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 1090-1094; Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 6, pp. 81-110; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman Hall; (1988) Occupational Mortality: Childhood Supplement (DS No 8), , London: HMSO; Hutchinson, T., The classification of disability (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 91-99; (1980) International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps; a Manual of Classification Relating to the Consequences of Disease, , Geneva: WHO; Chalmers, D.J., Cecchi, J., Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Injuries in the 12th and 13th years of life (1989) Aust Paediatr J, 25, pp. 14-20 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029841790&doi=10.1136%2fadc.75.2.156&partnerID=40&md5=d2c95fbbd391eab77dd86547fd37f318 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling intergenerational transmission in longitudinal birth cohorts using multilevel methods T2 - Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique J2 - Bull. Sociol. Methodol. VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 41 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1177/075910639605100103 SN - 07591063 (ISSN) AU - Wiggins, R.D. AU - Wale, C.J. AD - City University, London, United Kingdom AB - This contribution presents a multilevel analysis of intergenerational processes. The methodological issues of standardization and selection effects are considered. The results show, that age standardization does not work by itself, but age must be introduced in the models as well. Multilevel Analysis. Longitudinal Cohorts Effects of Age. © 1996, SAGE Publications and Association Internationale de Méthodologie Sociologique. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: ALBSU (1993) Parents and their children: the intergenerational effect of poor basic skills, , Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit, London; Di Salvo, P.M., (1992) Intergenerational patterns of teenage fertility in England and Wales, , M.Sc. thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Dunn, L., Markwardt, C., (1970) Peabody Individual Achievement Test Manual Circle Pine, , MN: American Guidance Service; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Goldstein, H., (1979) The design and analysis of longitudinal studies, , Academic Press, London; Goldstein, H., (1987) Multilevel models in educational and social research, , Griffin, London; Paterson, L., An introduction to multilevel modelling (1991), in Raudenbush, S. W. and Willms, J.D., Schools, classrooms and pupils: international studies of schooling from a multilevel perspective, Academic Press; Prosser, R., Rasbash, J., Goldstein, H., (1991) ML3: software for three-level analysis, users guide, , Institute of Education, University of London; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study, NCDS working paper 1, SSRU, , City University, Northampton Square, London EC 1V OHB; Woodhouse, G., (1993) A guide to ML3 for new users, , Second Edition, Institute of Education, University of London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992905027&doi=10.1177%2f075910639605100103&partnerID=40&md5=4caa71d9d298a0a494ae2089a1344516 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Employment after childbearing: A survival analysis T2 - Work, Employment and Society J2 - Work Employ. Soc. VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 273 EP - 296 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1177/0950017096010002005 SN - 09500170 (ISSN) AU - Macran, S. AU - Joshi, H. AU - Dex, S. AD - University of Leeds, City University AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University AD - ESRC Ctr. Res. Micro Social Change, University of Essex AD - Economics Department, University of Keele AD - Dept. of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, United Kingdom AB - Longitudinal data from two cohorts of women born in 1946 and 1958 are used to describe the break in employment experienced by women after childbearing. This is reducing in length. The decline in the employment gap, observed for women born in 1958 has largely been confined to those women who delayed their childbearing until their late twenties and early thirties and women who were more highly educated. What seems to be occurring is a polarisation between mothers in the more and the less privileged social groups, in terms of their ability to enter and stay in paid employment once they have responsibility for children. Although mothers at both ends of the social scale have to balance the dual demands of paid and domestic work, older and better educated mothers are more likely to be in higher status occupations, to earn adequate income to pay for childcare and to be better placed to take advantage of any changes in employer provisions for working mothers. PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - Cited By :73 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Macran, S.; Dept. of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9TJ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Condy, A., Recent trends in childlessness in Britain: Evidence of a rejection of parenthood? (1994) British Society for Population Studies Conference, , Paper presented (Durham); Dale, A., Egerton, M., (1995) Highly Educated Women: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , Report to Department of Employment, Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research, University of Manchester; Davies, H., Joshi, H., Mother's human capital and childcare in Britain (1993) National Institute Economic Review, 93 (4-146), pp. 50-63; Dex, S., (1984) Women's Work Histories: An Analysis of the Women and Employment Survey, , Research paper No. 46, London: Department of Employment; Dex, S., (1987) Women's Occupational Mobility: A Lifetime Perspective, , Basingstoke: Macmillan Press; Dex, S., Labour force participation of women during the 1990s (1992) Women's Employment: Britain in the Single European Market, pp. 56-70. , Lindley, R. M. (ed.) Equal Opportunities Commission: HMSO; Elias, P., (1993) ACCNCDS: Software for Access to the Life and Work History Information Collected in the Fifth Sweep of the National Child Development Study, , Warwick: Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick; Women in the labour market (1993) Employment Gazette, pp. 483-502. , Nov; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; Glenn, N.D., Cohort Analysis (1977) Series: Qualitative Approaches in the Social Sciences, , London: Sage; Goldthorpe, J., Women and class analysis: In defence of the conventional view (1983) Sociology, 17, pp. 465-488; Harrop, A., Joshi, H., (1994) Death and the Saleswomen: An Investigation of Mortality and Occupational Mobility of Women in the Longitudinal Study of England and Wales, , LS Working Paper No. 73, London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Hoffman, L., The effects of maternal employment on the two-parent family (1989) American Psychologist, 44, pp. 283-292; Joshi, H., (1984) Women's Participation in Paid Work: Further Analysis of the Women and Employment Survey, , Research Paper No. 45. London: Department of Employment; Joshi, H., The changing form of women's economic dependency (1989) The Changing Population of Britain, , Joshi, H. (ed.). Oxford: Blackwell; Joshi, H., Sex and motherhood as sources of women's economic disadvantage (1991) Women's Issues n Social Policy, , Groves, D. and McClean, M. (eds.) London: Routledge; Joshi, H., Davies, H., The paid and unpaid roles of women: How should Social Security adapt? (1994) Social Security: New Challenges to the Beveridge Model, , Baldwin, S. and Falkingham, J. (eds.). Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf; Joshi, H., Hinde, P.R.A., Employment after childbearing in post-war Britain: Cohort Study evidence on contrasts within and across generations (1993) European Sociological Review, 9, pp. 203-227; Joshi, H., Layard, P.R.G., Owen, S.J., Why are more women working in Britain? (1985) Journal of Labour Economics, 3 (S), pp. s147-s176; Joshi, H., Newell, M.-L., Job downgrading after childbearing (1987) London Papers in Regional Science 18. Longitudinal Data Analysis: Methods and Applications, London: Pion, , Uncles, M. (ed.); Joshi, H., Overton, E., Forecasting the female labour force in Britain (1988) International Journal of Forecasting, 4, pp. 269-285; McRae, S., (1991) Maternity Rights in Britain, , London: Policy Studies Institute; McRae, S., Returning to work after childbirth: Opportunities and inequalities (1993) European Sociological Review, 9, pp. 125-138; Macran, S., (1993) Role Enhancement or Role Overload? A Review of Research on the Health Consequences of Women's Domestic and Paid Work, , CPS Research Paper No. 93-1, London: Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Macran, S., Clarke, L., Joshi, H., Women's Health: Dimensions and Differentials, , in preparation; Martin, J., Roberts, C., (1984) Women and Employment: A Lifetime Perspective, , Department of Employment/OPCS, London: HMSO; Moser, K.A., Goldblatt, P., (1990) Occupational Mortality of Women Aged 15-59 at Death in England and Wales, , LS Working Paper No. 66, London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Newell, M.-L., Joshi, H., (1986) The next Job after the First Baby: Occupational Transition among Women Born in 1946, , CPS Research Paper No 86-3, London: Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; (1993) General Household Survey 1991, , London: HMSO; Rutter, M., (1981) 'Maternal Deprivation Re-assessed', (2nd Edition), , London: Penguin Books; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Ward, C., Dale, A., Joshi, H., (1994) Combining Employment with Childcare: An Escape from Dependence?, , NCDS Working Paper No. 38, London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; Weatherall, R., Joshi, H., Macran, S., Double burden and double blessing? Employment motherhood and mortality in the Longitudinal Study of England and Wales Social Science and Medicine, 38, pp. 285-297 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030551413&doi=10.1177%2f0950017096010002005&partnerID=40&md5=f6443b5d4f66b707ce26bfb02b1599a1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schizophrenia after prenatal famine further evidence T2 - Archives of General Psychiatry J2 - Arch. Gen. Psychiatry VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 31 PY - 1996 SN - 0003990X (ISSN) AU - Susser, E. AU - Neugebauer, R. AU - Hoek, H.W. AU - Brown, A.S. AU - Lin, S. AU - Labovitz, D. AU - Gorman, J.M. AD - Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AD - New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States AD - University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, Netherlands AD - Nathan Kline Inst. Psychiat. Res., New York, NY, United States AD - New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 24, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States AB - Background: Suggestive findings of an earlier study that prenatal nutritional deficiency was a determinant of schizophrenia prompted us to undertake a second test of the hypothesis using more precise data on both exposure and outcome. Methods: Among persons born in the cities of western Netherlands during 1944 through 1946, we compared the risk for schizophrenia in those exposed and unexposed during early gestation to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944/1945. The frequency of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia at age 24 to 48 years in the exposed and unexposed birth cohorts was ascertained from a national psychiatric registry. Results: The most exposed birth cohort, conceived at the height of the famine, showed a twofold and statistically significant increase in the risk for schizophrenia (relative risk [RR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.2 to 3.4; P<.01) in both men (RR = 1.9; 95% Cl = 1.0 to 3.7; P=.05) and women (RR = 2.2; 95% Cl = 1.0 to 4.7; P= .04). Among all birth cohorts of 1944 through 1946, the risk for schizophrenia clearly peaked in this exposed cohort. Conclusion: Prenatal nutritional deficiency may play a role in the origin of some cases of schizophrenia. KW - adult KW - article KW - brain development KW - cohort analysis KW - fetus development KW - gestational age KW - human KW - hunger KW - hypothesis KW - major clinical study KW - maternal nutrition KW - neural tube defect KW - nutritional deficiency KW - prenatal period KW - risk assessment KW - schizophrenia KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Netherlands KW - Neural Tube Defects KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Starvation N1 - Cited By :510 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ARGPA C2 - 8540774 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Susser, E.; New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 24, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States N1 - References: Susser, E., Lin, S.P., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945 (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 983-988; Jones, P., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945 (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51, p. 333. , Letter; Brown, S., Susser, E., Butler, P., Richardson Andrews, R., Kaufmann, C., Gorman, J., Neurobiological plausibility of prenatal nutritional deprivation as a risk factor for schizophrenia J Nerv Ment Dis, , In press; Carpenter Jr., W.T., Buchanan, R.W., Medical progress schizophrenia (1994) N Engl J Med, 330 (10), pp. 681-690; Weinberger, D.R., Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 660-669; Murray, R.M., Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder (1987) BMJ, 295, pp. 681-682; Waddington, J.L., Schizophrenia: Developmental neuroscience and pathobiology (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 531-538; Bloom, F.E., Advancing a neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, pp. 224-227; Suddath, R.L., Christison, G.W., Torrey, E.F., Casanova, M.F., Weinberger, D.R., Anatomical abnormalities in the brain of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 789-794; Andreasen, N.C., Arndt, S., Swayze II, V., Cizadlo, T., Flaum, M., O'Leary, D., Erhardt, J.C., Yuh, W.T., Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualized through magnetic resonance image averaging (1994) Science, 266, pp. 294-298; Fish, B., Marcus, J., Hans, S.L., Auerbach, J.G., Purdue, S., Infants at risk for schizophrenia (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 221-235; Done, D.J., Grow, T.J., Johnstone, E.V., Sacker, A., Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Social adjustment at ages 7 and 11 (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 699-703; Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R., Marmot, M., Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1398-1402; Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 131-137; Rosso, P.R., Prenatal nutrition and brain growth (1990) (Mal)nutrition and the Infant Brain, pp. 25-40. , van Gelder NM, Butterworth RF, Drujan BD, eds. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss Inc; DeLong, G.R., Effects of nutrition on brain development in humans (1993) Am J Clin Nutr (Suppl), 57, pp. 286-290; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Saenger, G., Marolla, F., (1975) Famine and Human Development the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-45, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Saenger, G., Marolla, F., Nutrition and mental performance (1973) Science, 178, pp. 708-713; Burger, G.C.E., Drummond, J.C., Sandstead, H.R., (1948) Malnutriton and Starvation in Western Netherlands: September 1944-July 1945, , Hague, the Netherlands: General State Printing Office; Ravelli, G.P., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Obesity in young men after exposure in utero and early infancy (1976) W Engl J Med, 295, pp. 349-353; Jablensky, A., Sartorious, N., Ernberg, G., Anker, M., Korten, A., Cooper, J.E., Day, R., Bertelsen, A., Schizophrenia: Manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures: a World Helath Organization Ten Country Study (1992) Psychol Med Monogr Suppl, p. 20; (1938) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization; (1948) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to Their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, , Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization; (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Ed., , Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; Fleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 2nd Ed., , New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Brown, A.S., Susser, E.S., Lin, S.P., Neugebauer, R., Gorman, J., Increased risk of affective disorders in males after second trimester prenatal exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-45 (1995) Br J Psychiatry, 166, pp. 606-606; Crow, T.J., Integrated viral genes as potential pathogens in the functional psychoses (1987) J Psychiatr Res, 21, pp. 479-485; Huttenen, M., Niskanen, P., Prenatal loss of father and psychiatric disorders (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 35, pp. 429-431; Czeisel, A.E., Dudas, I., Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1832-1835; Elwood, J.M., Little, J., Elwood, J.H., (1992) Epidemiology and Control of Neural Tube Defects, , New York, NY Oxford University Press; Susser, E., Susser, M., Genetic epidemiology of psychiatric disorders, examples from schizophrenia (1993) Psychiatry, , Michels R, ed. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott Co; Mednick, S.A., Machon, R.A., Huttunen, M.O., Bonett, D., Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 45, pp. 189-192; O'Callaghan, E., Sham, P., Takei, N., Glover, G., Murray, R.M., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 A2 influenza epidemic (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1248-1250; Mills, J.L., McPartlin, J.M., Kirke, P.N., Lee, Y.J., Conley, M.R., Weir, D.G., Scott, J.M., Homocysteine metabolism in pregnancies complicated by neural-tube defects (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 149-151; Susser, M., The logic in ecological, I (1994) Am J Publ Health, 84, pp. 825-829; Morgane, P.J., Austin-LaFrance, R., Bronzino, J., Tonkiss, J., Diaz-Cintra, S., Cintra, L., Kemper, T., Galler, J.R., Prenatal malnutrition and development of the brain (1993) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 17, pp. 91-128; Butler, P.D., Susser, E.S., Brown, A.S., Kaufmann, C.A., Gorman, J.M., Prenatal nutritional deprivation as a risk factor in schizophrenia: Preclinical evidence (1994) Neuropsychopharmacology, 11, pp. 227-235; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey Sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Wiersma, D., Giel, R., DeJong, A., Slooff, C.J., Social class and schizophrenia in a Dutch cohort (1983) Psychol Med, 13, pp. 141-150 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030021577&partnerID=40&md5=5375dba6130a3bd565366b73a129f8da ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality in term and post-term births T2 - Journal of Perinatal Medicine J2 - J. PERINAT. MED. VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 163 EP - 169 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1515/jpme.1996.24.2.163 SN - 03005577 (ISSN) AU - Fabre, E. AU - De Agüero, R.G. AU - De Agustín, J.L. AU - Tajada, M. AU - Repollés, S. AU - Sanz, A. AD - Department of Obstetrics, University of Zaragoza, University Hospital, Spain AD - Departamento de Obstetricia, Hosp. Clínico Universitario, Avda San Juan Bosco no 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain AB - Our aim was to compare the fetal mortality rate (FMR), early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) and perinatal mortality rate (PMR) of post-term and term births, 2) to examine trends in the incidence and perinatal mortality rates of post-term and term births. We used data from Spanish Perinatal Mortality Survey of 1980, 1986, 1989 and 1992. The data include 40,863 post-term births (42 weeks and over) and 517,060 term births (37-41 weeks). Perinatal mortality rates of post term and term births were compared. The incidence of post-term births was 7.3%. The relative risk (RR) of FMR for post-term compared to term births was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-1.3), of ENMR was 1.6 (95% CI 1.4-2.0) and of PMR was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.5). From 1980 to 1992 there was a significant reduction in the incidence of post-term births (8.1% vs 5.0%), in the FMR (4.5/1000 vs 1.9/1000), ENMR (4.3/1000 vs 2.0/1000) and PMR (8.7/1000 vs 3.9/1000) of post-term births. There was no significant difference in the FMR between post-term and term in each year studied. Post-term births had a significantly higher ENMR and PMR than term births in 1980, and they were equivalent from 1983 to 1992. The incidence of post-term births, its FMR, ENMR and PMR have been significantly reduced during the whole period studied. KW - Fetal mortality KW - Gestational age KW - Neonatal mortality KW - Perinatal mortality KW - Post-term birth KW - Postdate pregnancy KW - Prolonged pregnancy KW - article KW - fetus KW - fetus mortality KW - gestational age KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - newborn mortality KW - perinatal mortality KW - priority journal PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPEMA C2 - 8773942 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fabre, E.; Departamento Obstetricia Ginecologia, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Avda San Juan Bosco n 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain N1 - References: Armitage, P., Test for lineal trends in proportions and frequencies (1955) Biometrics, 11, p. 375; Beischer, N.A., Evans, J.H., Townsend, L., Studies in prolonged pregnancy. I. the incidence of pro-longed pregnancy (1969) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 103, p. 476; Boyce, A., Mayaux, M.J., Schwartz, D., Classical and "true" gestational postmaturity (1976) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 125, p. 911; Boyd, M.E., Usher, R.H., Mclean, F.H., Kramer, M.S., Obstetric consequences of postmaturity (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 158, p. 334; Campbell, S., Warsof, S.L., Little, D., Cooper, D.J., Routine ultrasound screening for the prediction of gestational age (1985) Obstet Gynecol, 65, p. 613; Clifford, S.H., Postmaturity - With placental dysfunction (1954) Pediatrics, 44, p. 1; Eden, R.D., Seifert, L.S., Winegar, A., Spellacy, W.N., Perinatal characteristics of uncomplicated postdate pregnancies (1987) Obstet Gynecol, 69, p. 296; Evans, T.N., Koeff, S.T., Morley, G.W., Fetal effects of prolonged pregnancy (1963) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 85, p. 701; Lagrew, D.C., Freeman, R.K., Management of postdate pregnancy (1986) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 154, p. 8; McClure-Browne, J.C., Postmaturity (1963) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 85, p. 573; Miettinen, O., Simple interval estimation of risk ratio (1974) Am J Epidemiol, 100, p. 515; (1982) Report of the FIGO Committee on Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity from the Workshop on Monitoring and Reporting Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity, , Chamelon Press Limited. London; Usher, R.H., Boyd, M.E., Mclean, F.H., Kramer, M.S., Assessment of fetal risk in postdate pregnancies (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 158, p. 259; Votta, R.A., Cibils, L.A., Active management of prolonged pregnancy (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 168, p. 557 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-9244227039&doi=10.1515%2fjpme.1996.24.2.163&partnerID=40&md5=4badb534bcee17a54e347505c07f69da ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental smoking and the nutrient intake and food choice of British teenagers aged 16-17 years T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 306 EP - 312 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1136/jech.50.3.306 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Crawley, H.F. AU - While, D. AD - Statistics, Operational Research and Probability Methods Research Group (STORM), University North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom AD - CRC Education and Child Studies Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom AB - Study objective - To examine the association between parental smoking habits and the nutrient intake and food choice of teenagers aged 16-17 years, allowing for differences in teenage smoking and the social class and regional distribution of the participants. Design - Data were collected from the 1970 longitudinal birth cohort, cross-sectionally at 16-17 years. The smoking habits of teenagers were evaluated from a questionnaire completed by the subjects themselves, and the smoking habits of parents by interview. The nutrient and food intakes of teenagers were quantitatively assessed using a four day unweighed dietary diary. Setting - The participants were distributed throughout Britain. Participants - A subsample of 1222 males and 1735 females was isolated from respondents to the 1970 birth cohort 16-17 year data collection sweep undertaken in 1986-87. Main results - Parental smoking habits were associated with different dietary patterns among teenagers regardless of whether the teenagers themselves smoked. Dietary differences noted were similar to those observed previously among smokers, with lower intakes of fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E, folates, and magnesium in particular reported among both males and females in households where parents were smokers. These lower intakes were associated with lower intakes of fruit juices, wholemeal bread, and some vegetables. Conclusion - Teenagers who lived with parents who smoked had different nutrient and food intakes to those with non-smoking parents, and teenagers exposed to parental smoking appeared to have similar dietary patterns to teenagers who themselves smoked. KW - alpha tocopherol KW - ascorbic acid KW - folic acid KW - magnesium KW - adolescent KW - article KW - bread KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - dietary fiber KW - dietary intake KW - female KW - food preference KW - fruit juice KW - human KW - male KW - mineral intake KW - normal human KW - parental behavior KW - passive smoking KW - questionnaire KW - smoking habit KW - United Kingdom KW - vegetable KW - vitamin intake PB - BMJ Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 8935463 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.F.; STORM, The University North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: alpha tocopherol, 1406-18-4, 1406-70-8, 52225-20-4, 58-95-7, 59-02-9; ascorbic acid, 134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7; folic acid, 59-30-3, 6484-89-5; magnesium, 7439-95-4 N1 - References: Margetts, B.A., Jackson, A.A., Interactions between people's diet and their smoking habits: The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1381-1384; Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Brown, C.A., Smith, W.C.S., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Nutrient intakes from current, ex- and never smokers: Results from the Scottish heart health study (1991) Proc Nutr Soc, 50, pp. 36A; Cade, J., Margetts, B., Smoking and diet: Is the diet of smokers different? (1990) Proc Nutr Soc, 49, pp. 41A; Whichelow, M.J., Erzinclioglu, S.W., Comparison of the diets of smokers and non-smokers (1990) Proc Nutr Soc, 49, pp. 42A; Fehily, A.M., Phillips, K.M., Yarnell, J.W.G., Diet, smoking, social class and body mass index in the Caerphilly heart disease study (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 40, pp. 827-833; Crawley, H.F., While, D., The dietary habits and body weight of British teenage smokers aged 16-17 years (1995) Eur J Clin Nutr, 49, pp. 904-914; Prättälä, R., (1989) Young People and Food: Socio-cultural Studies of Food Consumption Patterns, , Helsinki: University Helsinki, PhD thesis; Murcott, A., (1983) The Sociology of Food and Eating, , Aldershot: Gower; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, (1975) British Births 1970. Vol. 1: The First Week of Life, 1. , London: Heinemann Medical Books Ltd; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , Inter-cohort analysis working papers, 1. SSRU 1992. London: City University; (1988) Regional Trends, , London: HMSO; Crawley, H.F., The energy, nutrient and food intakes of teenagers aged 16-17 years in Britain. 1. Energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (1993) Br J Nutr, 70, pp. 15-26; Crawley, H.F., (1988) Food Portion Sizes, , London: HMSO; Borelli, R., Cole, T.J., Di Base, G., Contaldo, F., Some statistical considerations on dietary assessment methods (1988) Eur J Clin Nutr, 43, pp. 453-463; Black, A.E., Goldberg, G.R., Jebb, S.A., Livingstone, M.B.E., Cole, T.J., Prentice, A.M., Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 2. Evaluating the results of published surveys (1991) Eur J Clin Nutr, 45, pp. 583-599; Beverley, B.R., Day, I., Ide, L., (1972) Smoking in Children in Great Britain, , London: Social Sciences Research Council/Medical Research Council; Thomson, M., Holroyd, S., Goddard, E., (1993) Smoking among Secondary Schoolchildren in 1992, , London: OPCS; Payne, C.D., (1985) The GLIM System: Release 3.77, , Oxford: National Algorithms Group; (1990) SPSS-X User's Guide. 4th Ed., , Chicago: SPSS; (1989) The General Household Survey, , London: OPCS; Stanton, W.R., Silva, P.A., Tracking changes in the patterns of parental smoking (1993) J Roy Soc Health February, pp. 12-15; Pearson, R., Richardson, K., The smoking habits of 16 year olds in the national child development study (1978) Public Health, 92, pp. 136-144; (1992) Today's Young Adults: 16-19 Year Olds Look at Diet, Alcohol, Smoking, Drugs and Sexual Behaviour, , London: HEA; Townsend, J., Wilkes, H., Haines, A., Jarvis, M., Adolescent smokers seen in general practice: Health, lifestyle, physical measurements, and response to anti-smoking advice (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 947-950; Bingham, S., The dietary assessment of individuals: Methods, acuracy, new techniques and recommendations (1987) Nutr Abstr Rev, 57 A, pp. 705-742; Charlton, A., Children and passive smoking: A review (1994) J Fam Pract, 38, pp. 267-277; Kallner, A.B., Hartmann, D., Hornig, D., On the requirements of ascorbic acid in man: Steady state turnover and body pool (1981) Am J Clin Nutr, 34, pp. 1347-1355; Kelder, J.H., Perry, C.L., Klepp, K.I., Lytle, L.L., Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity and food choice behaviours (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1121-1126; Diet, nutrition and chronic diseases (1990) Technical Report Series No. 797, , Geneva: WHO UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029886164&doi=10.1136%2fjech.50.3.306&partnerID=40&md5=435ac8f7a1901eed22cb50f642c65e83 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of social class on the correlation of stature of adult children with that of their mothers and fathers T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. BIOSOC. SCI. VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 117 EP - 122 PY - 1996 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Lasker, G.W. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Anatomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States AD - Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - Studies of parent-child correlations in stature require data which can be viewed as random samples of some general population and which are large enough to allow partition of the variable and evaluation of non-genetic and genetic influences. In a sample of 4336 individuals drawn from a cohort of all persons born in England, Scotland and Wales in 1 week in 1958, the correlation of statures of the males with their fathers, the females with their fathers, the males with their mothers and the females with their mothers were 0.36, 0.43, 0.41 and 0.47 respectively at age 16 of the offspring and 0.41, 0.41, 0.47 and 0.46 respectively at age 23. Allowance for the occupational social class of the fathers lowers the correlations, but in no case by more than 5%. Allowance for the occupational class achieved by the offspring by age 23 has little effect on the correlations. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - child development KW - correlation function KW - father KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - mother KW - normal human KW - occupation KW - parent KW - social class KW - united kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - England KW - Family Health KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Regression Analysis KW - Scotland KW - Social Class KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JBSLA C2 - 8690739 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lasker, G.W.; Department of Anatomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States N1 - References: Boldsen, J.L., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Evidence for maternal inheritance of female height in a British national sample (1990) Hum. Biol., 62, p. 767; Furusho, T., On the manifestation of genotypes responsible for stature (1968) Hum. Biol., 40, p. 437; Garn, S.M., Rohmann, C.G., Interaction of nutrition and genetics hi the timing of growth and development (1966) Pediat. Clin. N. Am., 13, p. 353; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Ann. Hum. Biol., 16, p. 1; Livson, N., Mcneill, D., Thomas, K., Pooled estimates of parent-child correlations in stature from birth to maturity (1962) Science, 138, p. 818; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Mcmanus, I.C., Blood groups and socio-economic class (1984) Nature, 309, p. 395; Mueller, W.H., Parent-child correlations for stature and weight among school-aged children: A review of 24 studies (1976) Hum. Biol., 48, p. 379; Roche, A.F., (1992) Growth, Maturation and Body Composition: The Fels Longitudinal Study 1929-1991, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Susanne, C., Genetic and environmental influences on morphological characteristics (1975) Ann. Hum. Biol., 2, p. 279; Welon, Z., Bielicki, T., Further investigations of parent-child similarity in stature as assessed from longitudinal data (1971) Hum. Biol, 43, p. 517; Yoshida, K., On the heredity of height (1942) Keio Igaku, 22, p. 535. , Cited by Furusho (1968) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030025316&partnerID=40&md5=8271a3b9534d6a8925c1ebbb8ba472a9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lifecourse exposure and later disease: A follow-up study based on a survey of family diet and health in pre-war Britain (1937-1939) T2 - Public Health J2 - PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 110 IS - 2 SP - 85 EP - 94 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1016/S0033-3506(96)80052-7 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Gunnell, D.J. AU - Frankel, S. AU - Nanchahal, K. AU - Braddon, F.E.M. AU - Davey Smith, G. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 2PR, United Kingdom AD - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Univ. College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom AD - Frenchay Healthcare NHS Trust, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Road, Bristol, BS16 1LE, United Kingdom AB - There is an increasing interest in the origins of adult disease in early life. The elucidation of such explanations of current morbidity and mortality must depend upon the follow-up of previously established cohorts. This paper describes the design of and background to such a follow-up of one of the richest data sources for this type of research: Sir John Boyd Orr's survey of diet and health in pre-war Britain. 1,352 families from 16 centres in England and Scotland were surveyed; 3,762 children aged up to 19 years from these families were examined. Socio-economic information and detailed one week dietary diary records are available for all families. Detailed medical examinations (including anthropometry) were undertaken on children in 14 of the centres. Most of the information is cross-sectional although 1,322 children were examined on two or more occasions one year apart to assess the effects of dietary supplementation. Dietary records were retrieved for 1,343 (99.3%) of the families. Medical examination records were found for 3,560 (94.6%) of the children who were examined in the survey and attempts have been made to trace 4,973 children who were either examined or whose family participated in the dietary survey. The data demonstrate relationships between family food expenditure and height in childhood and housing conditions. Eighty-five per cent (4211/4973) of the children have been traced and flagged on the National Health Service Central Register, Southport. The characteristics of those traced do not differ significantly from those we have been unable to trace although untraced females were slightly heavier. To date 696 (16.5%) of the cohort have died. The cohort will be used to investigate the relationship between diet, nutritional status (height, weight, cristal height), health and social circumstances in childhood, and mortality and morbidity in adulthood. KW - Anthropometry KW - Cohort KW - Diet KW - Lifecourse KW - Mortality KW - adult disease KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - childhood KW - diet KW - diet supplementation KW - family life KW - follow up KW - health status KW - health survey KW - height KW - housing KW - human KW - lifespan KW - medical examination KW - morbidity KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom PB - Elsevier B.V. N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 8901250 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gunnell, D.J.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom N1 - References: Kuh, D., Davey Smith, G., When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate (1993) Social History of Medicine, 6, pp. 101-123; Forsdahl, A., Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br J Prev Soc Med, 31, pp. 91-95; Barker, D.J.P., Martyn, C.N., The maternal and fetal origins of cardiovascular disease (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 8-11; Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , BMA: London; Forsdahl, A., Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease. The cardiovascular survey in Finnmark 1974-1975 (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 34-37; Williams, D.R.R., Roberts, S.J., Davies, T.W., Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales (1979) J Epidemiol Community Health, 33, pp. 199-202; Buck, C., Simpson, H., Infant diarrhoea and subsequent mortality from heart disease and cancer (1982) J Epidemiol Community Health, 36, pp. 27-30; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 1077-1081; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Death rates from stroke in England and Wales predicted from past maternal mortality (1987) BMJ, 295, pp. 83-86; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Law, C.M., The intrauterine and early postnatal origins of cardiovascular disease and chronic brochitis (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 237-240; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Height and mortality in the counties of England and Wales (1990) Ann Hum Biol, 17, pp. 1-6; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Davey Smith, G., Deprivation in infancy or adult life: Which is more important for mortality risk (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 530-534; Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmonds, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Barker, D.J.P., Godfrey, K.M., Fall, C., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Shaheen, S.O., Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 671-675; Barker, D.J.P., Bull, A.R., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 259-263; Notkola, V., Punsar, S., Karvonen, M.J., Haapakoski, J., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland (1985) Soc Sci Med, 21, pp. 517-523; Arnesen, E., Forsdahl, A., The Tromso heart study: Coronary risk factors and their association with living conditions during childhood (1985) J Epidemiol Community Health, 39, pp. 210-214; Kaplan, G.A., Cohn, B.A., Cohen, R.D., Guralnik, J., The decline in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality: Prospective evidence from the Alameda County Study (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 127, pp. 1131-1142; Nieto, F.J., Szklo, M., Comstock, G.W., Childhood weight and growth rate as predictors of adult mortality (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 201-213; Tanner, J.M., Foetus into Man (1989) Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, 2nd Edn, , Castlemead Publications: Ware; Launer, L.J., Hofman, A., Grobbee, D.E., Relation between birth weight and blood pressure: Longitudinal study of infants and children (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1451-1454; Lew, E.A., Garfinkel, L., Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women (1979) J Chronic Dis, 32, pp. 563-576; Hislop, T.G., Coldman, A.J., Elwood, J.M., Brauer, G., Kan, L., Childhood and recent eating patterns and risk of breast cancer (1986) Cancer Detect Prev, 9, pp. 47-58; Slattery, M.L., Schumacher, M.C., West, D.W., Robison, L.M., French, T.K., Food-consumption trends between adolescent and adult years and subsequent risk of prostate cancer (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 752-757; Pryor, M., Slattery, M.L., Robison, L.M., Egger, M., Adolescent diet and breast cancer in Utah (1989) Cancer Res, 49, pp. 2161-2167; (1955) Family Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain, , Carnegie United Kingdom Trust: Dunfermline; Jones, G., The rational good (1986) Social Hygiene in Twentieth Century Britain, pp. 66-87. , Bynum WF, Porter R (eds). London: Croom Helm; Smith, D.F., Nicolson, M., Poverty and ill health: Controversies past and present (1992) Proc R Coll Physicians Edinb, 22, pp. 190-199; (1924) Report on the Nutrition of Miners and Their Families, , HMSO: London; Paton, D.N., Findlay, L., (1926) Child Life Investigations. Poverty, Nutrition and Growth. Studies of Child Life in Cities and Rural Districts of Scotland, , HMSO: London; M'Gonigle, G.C.M., Kirby, J., (1936) Poverty and Public Health, , Golantz: London; Orr, J.B., (1936) Food, Health and Income, , Macmillan: London; Thomson, A.M., Duncan, D.L., The diagnosis of malnutrition in man (1954) Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 24, pp. 1-19; Pemberton, J., A rapid method of differentiating children with large or small reserves of vitamin C (1940) BMJ, 2, pp. 217-219; Pemberton, J., Follicular hyperkeratosis : A sign of malnutrition? (1940) Lancet, 1, pp. 871-872; Thomson, A.M., Griffith, H.D., Mutch, J.R., Lubbock, D.M., Owen, E.C., Logaras, G., A study of diet in relation to health. Dark adaption as an index of adequate vitamin A intake (1939) British Journal of Ophthalmology, 23, pp. 697-723; Baines, A.H.J., Hollingsworth, D.F., Leitch, I., Diets of working-class families with children before and after the second world war. with a section on height and weight of children (1963) Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 33 (3), pp. 653-669; Paul, A.A., Southgate, D.A.T., (1978) The Composition of Foods, , McCance and Widdowson's HMSO: London; Wiles, S.J., Nettleton, P.A., Black, A.E., Paul, A.A., The nutrient content of some cooked dishes eaten in Britain : A supplementary food composition table (1980) J Hum Nutr, 34, pp. 189-223; (1988) SAS/STAT User's Guide. Release 6.03 Edition, , Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; Daley, A., (1950) Report on the Heights and Weights of School Pupils in the Country of London in 1949, , London County Council: London; Leitch, I., Growth and health (1951) Br J Nutr, 5, pp. 142-151; (1991) Fifty Years of the National Food Survey 1940-1990, , HMSO: London; Marshall, W.A., Swan, A.V., Seasonal variation in growth rates of normal and blind children (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 502-516; Marshall, W.A., Evaluation of growth rate in height over periods of less than one year (1971) Arch Dis Child, 46, pp. 414-420; Tanner, J.M., (1981) A History of the Study of Human Growth, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Baker, I.A., Hughes, J., Jones, M., Temporal variation in the height of children during the day (1978) Lancet, 1, p. 1320; Livingstone, M.B.E., Prentice, A.M., Strain, J.J., Coward, W., Black, A., Barker, M., McKenna, P., Whitehead, R., Accuracy of weighed dietary records in studies of diet and health (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 708-712; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children-results from the national child development study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Coggon, D., Barker, D.J.P., Inskip, H., Wield, G., Housing in early life and later mortality (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 345-348; Oddy, D.J., (1977) An Investigation into Patterns of Food Consumption in Britain 1914-1940, , Social Science Research Council HR 3170; Nelson, M., Social-class trends in British diet, 1860-1980 (1993) Food, Diet and Economic Change Past and Present, pp. 101-120. , Geissler C, Oddy DF (eds), Leicester: Leicester University Press; Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black Report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 373-377; Marmot, M.G., Davey Smith, G., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., White, I., Feeney, A., Inequalities in health among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029968645&doi=10.1016%2fS0033-3506%2896%2980052-7&partnerID=40&md5=2c2fed010a7f85400fb5e384fe41697a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Paratesticular sarcomas revisited: A review of cases in the british testicular tumour panel and registry T2 - British Journal of Urology J2 - BR. J. UROL. VL - 77 IS - 1 SP - 143 EP - 146 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1046/j.1464-410X.1996.84925.x SN - 00071331 (ISSN) AU - Soosay, G.N. AU - Parkinson, M.C. AU - Paradinas, J. AU - Fisher, C. AD - Department of Histopathology, King George Hospital, Barley Lane, Goodmayes, Ilford, Essex IG3 8YB, United Kingdom AB - Objective. To assess differences in the histopathological diagnoses of a series of paratesticular sarcomas following changes in the morphological classification of these tumours and the availability of investigations to define their immunophenotype, and to consider the impact of these changes on clinical management. Materials and methods. Thirty-six soft tissue tumours of the paratesticular region, originally submitted to the British Testicular Tumour Panel and Registry between 1958 and 1967 were re-examined histologically using modern diagnostic criteria, including immunohistochemical features. Where possible, follow-up was brought up to date. Results. Thirteen (35%) of the diagnoses made in 1967 were changed; of these, seven changes were attributable to the results of immunohistochemical tests and one involved the identification of an entity not recognized in 1967 (spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma). Conclusion. The changes in diagnoses of major clinical relevance involved three neoplasms (8%) in which the recent opinion was rhabdomyosarcoma, a tumour for which successful treatment protocols are currently available. KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - New diagnostic entitities KW - Paratesticular sarcomas KW - article KW - human KW - immunohistochemistry KW - male KW - priority journal KW - sarcoma KW - testis tumor PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. N1 - Cited By :30 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJURA C2 - 8653286 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Soosay, G.N.; Department of Histopathology, King George Hospital, Barley Lane, Goodmayes, Ilford, Essex IG3 8YB, United Kingdom N1 - References: Gowing, N.F.C., Paratesticular tumours of connective tissue and muscle (1976) In Pugh RCB Ed. Pathology of the Testis. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 317-333; Enzinger, F.M., Weiss, S.W., (1988) Soft Tissue Tumours 2nd Edn., , St Louis: C.V. Moshy Co; Cavazzano, A.O., Schmidt, D., Ninfo, V., Spindle cell rhabodmyosarconia: A prognostically favourable variant of rhabdomyosarcoina (1992) Am J Surg Path, 16, pp. 229-235; Soiiii, V., Miettitien, M., Widespread immunoreaetivtiy for alpha-1 antichymotrypsin in different types of tumours (1988) Am J Clin Path, 89, pp. 131-136; Srigley, J.R., (1990) Tumours and Cysts of the Paratesticular Region. Path Ann, 25, pp. 51-106; Farrell, M.A., Donnelly, B.J., Malignant smooth muscle tumours of the epididymis (1980) J Urol, 124, pp. 151-153; Cole, A.T., Strauss, F.H., Gill, W.B., Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: An unusual inguinal tumour (1972) J Urol, 108, p. 1005; Smailowitz, Z., Kaneti, J., Sober, I., Kugliak, L., Sacks, M., Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord (1983) J Urol, 130, pp. 150-151; Leader, M., Patel, J., Collins, M., Anti alpha 1 antichymotrypsin staining of 194 sarcomas. 58 carcinomas, and 17 malignant melanomas: Its lack of specificity as a tumour marker (1987) Am J Surg Pathol, 11, pp. 133-139; Jong, A.S.H., Van Vark, M., Albushaffer, C.F., Myosin and myoglobin as tumour markers in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoina - A comparative study (1984) Am J Surg Pathol, 8, pp. 521-528; Fisher, C., The value of electron microscopy and immunohislochemistry in the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas: A study of 200 cases (1990) Histopalhology, 16, pp. 441-454; Catton, C.M., Cummings, B.J., Fornasier, V., O'Sullivan, B., Ouirt, I., Warr, D., Adult paratesticular sarcomas - A review of 21 cases (1991) J Urol, 146, pp. 342-345; Blyth, B., Mandel, J., Bauer, S.B., Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of therapy in 18 cases (1990) J Urol, 144, pp. 1450-1453; Loughlin, K.R., Retik, A.B., Weinstein, H.J., Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma in children (1989) Cancer, 63, pp. 1600-1606; Lioe, T.F., Biggart, J.D., Tumours of the spermatic cord and paratesticular tissue. a clinicopathological study (1993) Br J Urol, 71, pp. 600-606 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030050121&doi=10.1046%2fj.1464-410X.1996.84925.x&partnerID=40&md5=b810f55bef7da3cc9e3331f0ef9969a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Postmortem examinations in a statewide audit of neonatal intensive care unit admissions in Australia in 1992 T2 - Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics J2 - ACTA PAEDIATR. INT. J. PAEDIATR. VL - 85 IS - 7 SP - 865 EP - 869 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14169.x SN - 08035253 (ISSN) AU - Sutton, L. AU - Bajuk, B. AU - Gill, A. AU - Rynne, N. AU - Downe, L. AU - Alexander, I. AU - Halliday, R. AU - Garvey, P. AU - Bowen, J. AU - Lui, K. AU - Henderson-Smart, D. AD - Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, NSW, Australia AD - NICUS, Newborn Medical Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, PO Box 54, Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia AD - New S. Wales Neonatal Intensive C., United Kingdom AD - John Hunter Hospital, Australia AD - King George V Hospital, United States AD - Nepean Hospital, Australia AD - Prince of Wales Children's Hospital, Australia AD - Roy. Alexandra Hospital for Children, Australia AD - Royal Hospital for Women, Paddington, NSW, Australia AD - Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia AD - Westmead Hospital, Australia AD - Perinatal Services Network AB - The objectives of the investigation were (i) to study infants registered in a statewide audit of tertiary neonatal intensive care units in New South Wales, Australia in 1992 and who died, and (ii) to examine postmortem rates, quality of postmortem reports and compare clinical cause of death with postmortem report. Death rates, data on clinical cause of death and postmortem status were collected prospectively as part of the routine audit. Postmortem reports were examined by LS. Fifteen percent of the cohort died and 43% had a postmortem examination. The postmortem rate was highest in the 2836 week gestation group and in babies dying of pulmonary haemorrhage, intracranial haemorrhage or sudden infant death syndrome. Fewer than 50% of babies with a major congenital anomaly had a postmortem. The postmortem changed the major diagnosis in 10% of cases and added useful information in 17%. We conclude thai postmortem examination should be an essential part of any audit of neonatal intensive care unit outcomes. KW - Deaths KW - intensive care units KW - neonatal KW - postmortems KW - article KW - Australia KW - autopsy KW - brain hemorrhage KW - congenital malformation KW - human KW - infant KW - lung hemorrhage KW - newborn intensive care KW - priority journal KW - sudden infant death syndrome PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: APAEE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sutton, L.; Royal Hospital for Women, Paddington, Sydney, NSW, Australia N1 - References: Kircher, T., Nelson, J., Burdo, H., The autopsy as a measure of accuracy of the death certificate (1985) N Engl J Med, 313, pp. 1263-1269; Cartlidge, P.H.T., Dawson, A.T., Stewart, J.H., Vujanic, G.M., Value and quality of perinatal and infant postmortem examinations: Cohort analysis of 400 consecutive deaths (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 155-158; 1989 Annual Report of the Consultative Council on Obstetric and Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity, , Incorporating the 28th Survey of Perinatal Deaths in Victoria; 1993 Annual Report of the Consultative Council on Obstetric and Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity, , Incorporating the 32nd Survey of Perinatal Deaths in Victoria; Adelson, P., Spurrett, B., Trudinger, B., Frommer, M., A New South Wales population-based study of stillbirths weighing 2500g or more (1993) Aust NZ J Obstet Gynecol, 33 (2), pp. 166-173; Estimate of Resident Population by Age and Sex in Statistical Local Areas in New South Wales, , 30 June, 1994 - preliminary. Australian Bureau of Statistics catalogue number 3209.1; New South Wales Midwives Data Collection 1992 (1993) New South Wales Public Health Bulletin Supplement, 7. , State Health Publication No. (EHSEB)93-146, ISBN 07310 0528 7; Rushton, D.I., West Midlands perinatal mortality survey, 1987. An audit of 300 perinatal autopsies (1991) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 98, pp. 624-627; (1990) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, 4th Ed., 1-2. , NC; SAS Institute Inc; Saller, D.N., Lesser, K.B., Harrel, U., Rogers, B., Oyer, C.E., The clinical utility of the perinatal autopsy (1995) J Am Med Ass, 273, pp. 663-665; Dahms, B., The autopsy in pediatrics (1986) Am J Dis Child, 140, p. 335; Porter, H.J., Keeling, J.W., Value of perinatal necropsy examination (1987) J Clin Pathol, 40, pp. 180-184 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-9444225059&doi=10.1111%2fj.1651-2227.1996.tb14169.x&partnerID=40&md5=6a2a762bb11d2ceb17db60cacba81f42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The association between major depression and headache: Results of a longitudinal epidemiologic study in youth T2 - Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology J2 - J. CHILD ADOLESC. PSYCHOPHARMACOL. VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 153 EP - 164 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1089/cap.1996.6.153 SN - 10445463 (ISSN) AU - Pine, D.S. AU - Cohen, P. AU - Brook, J. AD - New York State Psychiatric Institute, 722 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States AB - Retrospective epidemiologic research in adults suggests that a long-term association between major depression and headache arises during childhood or adolescence. This study uses data from a prospective epidemiologic study to examine the association between major depression and headache from late childhood into early adulthood. An epidemiologically selected sample of 776 youth, aged 9-18, was assessed psychiatrically in 1983 using DISC interviews with both youth and parent informants. Reassessments were conducted in 1985-1986 and 1992. Current and past histories of functionally impairing migraine or chronic headache were elicited in both 1985-1986 and 1992. Regression analyses examined the relationships between major depression and headache status. The prevalence of current functionally impairing headache was approximately 10% in both 1985-1986 and 1992. There were lifetime and cross-sectional associations between headache and major depression. Headache was approximately twice as common in depressed adolescents compared with nondepressed adolescents. Major depression in adolescents, without current or past headache, prospectively predicted the new onset of headaches in young adulthood. Among adolescents who had no history of chronic impairing headache in 1985-1986, those with current major depression faced a nearly tenfold increased risk of developing such headaches at some time during the next 7 years. Consistent with findings of retrospective studies among adults, a longitudinal/developmental relationship between major depression and functionally impairing headache was found in this prospective epidemiologic study of youth. These findings suggest that (1) neurochemical and pharmacologic commonalities between depression and headache should receive further investigation and that (2) it may be clinically useful to inquire about family history of headache syndromes in adolescents with major depression because such questioning may provide insight about the risk of subsequent functionally impairing headache in a depressed adolescent. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - depression KW - female KW - follow up KW - headache KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - migraine KW - school child PB - Mary Ann Liebert Inc. N1 - Cited By :89 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JADPE C2 - 9231309 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pine, D.S.; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 722 W. 168th Street, Unit 78, New York, NY 10032, United States N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., McConaughy, S.H., Howell, C.T., Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity (1987) Psychol Bull, 101, pp. 213-232; Ambrosini, P.J., Bianchi, M.D., Rabinovich, H., Elia, J., Antidepressant treatments in children and adolescents. I. Affective disorders (1993) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 32, pp. 1-6; (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, , Washington (DC), American Psychiatric Association; (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, , Washington (DC), American Psychiatric Association; Bille, B., Migraine in school children (1962) Acta Paediatr, 136 (51 SUPPL.), pp. 1-15; Breslau, N., Davis, G.C., Migraine, physical health, and psychiatric disorder: A prospective epidemiologic study in young adults (1993) J Psychiatr Res, 27, pp. 211-221; Breslau, N., Davis, G.C., Andreski, P., Migraine, psychiatric disorders, and suicide attempts: An epidemiologic study of young adults (1991) Psychiatry Res, 37, pp. 11-23; Cohen, J., Cohen, P., (1983) Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Second Edition, , Hillsdale (NJ), Erlbaum; Cohen, P., Cohen, J., The clinician's illusion (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41, pp. 1178-1182; Cohen, P., Cohen, J., Brook, J.S., An epidemiological study of disorders in late childhood and adolescence: II. Persistence of disorders (1993) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 34, pp. 868-875; Cohen, P., Cohen, J., Kasen, S., Velez, C.N., Harmark, C., Johnson, J., Rojas, M., Streuning, E.L., An epidemiological study of disorders in late childhood and adolescence. I. Age and gender-specific prevalence (1993) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 34, pp. 851-867; Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Brook, J.S., Streuning, E.L., Diagnostic predictors of treatment patterns in a cohort of adolescents (1991) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 30, pp. 989-993; Cohen, P., O'Connor, P., Lewis, S.A., Malachowski, B., A comparison of the agreement between DISC and K-SADS-P interviews of an epidemiologic sample of children (1987) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 26, pp. 662-667; Cohen, P., Velez, C.N., Brook, J.S., Smith, J., Mechanisms of the relationship between perinatal problems, early childhood illness, and psychopathology in late childhood and adolescence (1989) Child Dev, 60, pp. 701-709; Costello, A.J., Edelbrock, C.S., Dulcan, M.K., Kalas, R., (1984) Testing of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) in a Clinical Population (Contract No. DB-81-0027), , Final Report to the Center for Epidemiological Studies, National Institute for Mental Health, University of Pittsburgh; Deubner, D.C., An epidemiologic study of migraine and headache in 10-20 year-olds (1977) Headache, 17, pp. 173-180; Fleiss, J., (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, , New York, Wiley & Sons; Glover, V., Jarman, J., Sandler, M., Migraine and depression: Biological aspects (1993) J Psychiatr Res, 27, pp. 223-231; Gurley, D., Cohen, P., Pine, D.S., Brook, J., Discriminating depression and anxiety in youth: A role for diagnostic criteria J Affective Disord, , in press; Hockaday, J.M., (1988) Migraine in Childhood and Other Non-epileptic Paroxysmal Disorders, , London, Butterworths and Company; Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias, and facial pain (1988) Cephalagia, 8, pp. 9-96; Jarman, J., Fernandez, M., Davies, P.T., Glover, V., Steiner, T.J., Rose, F.C., Sandler, M., Platelet imipramine binding in migraine and tension headache in relation to depression (1991) J Psychiatr Res, 25, pp. 205-211; Kurtz, Z., Pilling, D., Blau, J.N., Peckham, C., Migraine in children: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1984) Progress in Migraine Research II, pp. 9-17. , Edited by Rose FC. London, Pitman; Meltzer, H.Y., Arora, R.C., Platelet serotonin studies in affective disorders: Evidence for a serotonergic abnormality? (1991) 5-Hydroxtryptamine in Psychiatry: A Spectrum of Ideas, pp. 50-89. , Edited by Sandler M, Coppen A, Harnett S. New York, Oxford University Press; Merikangas, K.R., Angst, J., Isler, H., Migraine and psychopathology: Results of the Zurich cohort study of young adults (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 47, pp. 849-853; Merikangas, K.R., Merikangas, J.R., Angst, J., Headache syndromes and psychiatric disorders: Association and familial transmission (1993) J Psychiatr Res, 27, pp. 197-210; Merikangas, K.R., Risch, N.J., Merikangas, J.R., Weissman, M.M., Kidd, K.K., Migraine and depression: Association and familial transmission (1988) J Psychiatr Res, 22, pp. 119-129; Moldin, S.O., Scheftner, W.A., Price, J.P., Nelson, E., Knesevich, M.A., Akiskal, H., Association between major depressive illness and physical illness (1993) Psychol Med, 23, pp. 755-761; Nappi, G., Bono, G., Sandrini, G., Martignoni, E., Micielli, G., (1991) Headache and Depression: Serotonin Pathways as a Common Clue, , New York, Raven Press; Post, R.M., Silberstein, S.D., Shared mechanisms in affective illness, epilepsy, and migraine (1994) Neurology, 44 (SUPPL.), pp. S37-S47; Rassmussen, B.K., Jensen, R., Schroll, M., Olesen, J., Interrelations between migraine and tension-type headache in the general population (1992) Arch Neurol, 49, pp. 914-918; Ryan, N.D., Dahl, R.E., The biology of depression in children and adolescents (1993) Biology of Depressive Disorders, Part B: Subtypes of Depression and Comorbid Disorders, , Edited by Mann JJ, Kupfer D. New York, Plenum Press; Ryan, N.D., Puig-Antich, J., Ambrosini, P., Rabinovich, H., Robinson, D., Nelson, B., Iyengar, S., Twomey, J., The clinical picture of major depression in children and adolescents (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 854-861; Saeed, M.A., Pumariega, A.J., Cinciripini, P.M., Psychopharmacological management of migraine in children and adolescents (1992) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 2, pp. 199-211; Sandler, M., Collins, G., (1990) Migraine: A Spectrum of Ideas, , New York, Oxford University Press; Seshia, S.S., Wolstein, J.R., Adams, C., Booth, F.A., Reggin, J.D., International Headache Society criteria and childhood headache (1994) Dev Med Child Neurol, 36, pp. 419-428; Valquist, B., Migraine in children (1955) Int Arch Allergy, 7, pp. 348-352 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029804720&doi=10.1089%2fcap.1996.6.153&partnerID=40&md5=46c81e6a1d79c1cdd1464c70163dcc9b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy T2 - Early Human Development J2 - EARLY HUM. DEV. VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 245 EP - 255 PY - 1996 DO - 10.1016/0378-3782(96)01735-5 SN - 03783782 (ISSN) AU - Vik, T. AU - Jacobsen, G. AU - Vatten, L. AU - Bakketeig, L.S. AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Trondheim, University Medical Center, N-7005, Trondheim, Norway AD - Dept. of Comm. Med. and Gen. Pract., University of Trondheim, University Medical Center, N-7005, Trondheim, Norway AB - Pre- and post-natal growth was studied from week 17 of pregnancy until 5 years of age in children of women who reported daily smoking at the time of conception, and compared to the growth in children of non-smokers. Fetal abdominal diameter, femur length and biparietal diameter were measured in weeks 17 and 37 of pregnancy, and weight, height and head circumference were measured at birth, and at 6, 13 and 60 months of age in 185 children of smokers and 345 children of non-smokers. Cross sectional data at birth showed that infants of smokers had lower weight and length, but similar ponderal index as infants of non-smokers, and this may suggest a symmetrical growth retardation. Longitudinal growth curves indicated that the growth retardation took place in the second half of pregnancy. During the first 5 years of life, children of smokers had complete catch-up growth in weight, a partial catch-up in height, and no catch-up growth in head circumference. At 5 years, children of smokers had a higher ponderal index and skinfold thickness, suggesting that these children, on average, were more obese than children of non-smokers. KW - Child KW - Fetus KW - Growth KW - Infant KW - Pregnancy KW - Smoking KW - adult KW - article KW - biparietal distance KW - body height KW - body size KW - body weight KW - catch up growth KW - controlled study KW - female KW - femur KW - fetus KW - fetus growth KW - growth curve KW - growth retardation KW - head circumference KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - newborn KW - obesity KW - postnatal growth KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - skinfold thickness KW - smoking PB - Elsevier Ireland Ltd N1 - Cited By :139 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EHDED C2 - 8855398 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Vik, T.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Trondheim, University Medical Center, N-7005, Trondheim, Norway N1 - References: Lockwood, C.J., Weiner, S., Assessment of fetal growth (1986) Clin. Perinatol., 13, pp. 3-35; Miller, H.C., Hassanein, K., Hensleigh, P.A., Fetal growth retardation in relation to maternal smoking and weight gain in pregnancy (1976) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 125, pp. 55-60; Rosso, P., Winick, M., Intrauterine growth retardation. A new systematic approach based on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of this condition (1974) J. Perinat. Med., 2, pp. 147-160; Villar, J., Belizan, J.M., The timing factor in the pathophysiology of the intrauterine growth retardation syndrome (1982) Obstet. Gynecol. Surv., 37, pp. 499-506; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: Its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality (1972) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 127-130; Hebel, R.J., Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Dose-response of birthweight to various measures of maternal smoking during pregnancy (1988) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 41, pp. 483-489; Ahlsten, G., Cnattingius, S., Lindmark, G., Cessation of smoking during pregnancy improves foetal growth and reduces infant morbidity in the neonatal period. A population-based prospective study (1993) Acta Paediatr., 82, pp. 177-181; Lieberman, E., Gremy, I., Lang, J.M., Cohen, A.P., Low birthweight at term and the timing of fetal exposure to maternal smoking (1994) Am. J. Public Health, 84, pp. 1127-1131; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - Results from the national child development study (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Wingerd, J., Schoen, E.J., Factors influencing length at birth and height at five years (1974) Pediatrics, 53, pp. 737-741; Naye, R., Influence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on fetal and childhood growth (1981) Obstet. Gynecol., 57, pp. 18-21; Rantakallio, P., A follow up study up to the age 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1983) Acta Paediatr, Scand., 72, pp. 747-753; Fogelman, K.R., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) Br. Med. J., 297, pp. 1233-1236; Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Hebel, R.J., Prenatal exposure to tobacco, I. Effects on physical growth at age three (1990) Int. J. Epidemiol., 19, pp. 66-71; Hardy, J.B., Mellits, E.D., Does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a long term effect on the child? (1972) Lancet, 2, pp. 1332-1336; Barr, H.M., Streissguth, A.P., Martin, D.C., Herman, C.S., Infant size at 8 months of age: Relationship to maternal use of alcohol, nicotine and caffeine during pregnancy (1984) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 336-341; Day, N., Cornelius, M., Goldschmidt, L., Richardson, G., Robles, N., Taylor, P., The effects of prenatal tobacco and marijuana use on offspring growth from birth through 3 years of age (1992) Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 14, pp. 407-414; Schulte-Hobein, B., Schwartz-Bickenbach, D., Abt, S., Plum, C., Nau, H., Cigarette smoke exposure and development of infants throughout the first year of life: Influence of passive smoking and nursing on cotinine levels in breast milk and infant's urine (1992) Acta Paediatr., 81, pp. 550-557; Conter, V., Cortinovis, I., Rogari, P., Riva, L., Weight growth in infants born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1995) Br. Med. J., 310, pp. 768-771; Bakketeig, L.S., Jacobsen, G., Hoffman, H.J., Lindmark, G., Bergsjø, P., Molne, K., Rødsten, J., Pre-pregnancy risk factors of small-for-gestational age births among parous women in Scandinavia (1993) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 72, pp. 273-279; Campbell, S., An improved method of fetal cephalometry by ultrasound (1968) J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 75, pp. 568-576; Campbell, S., Wilkin, D., Ultrasonic measurement of the fetal abdomen circumference in the estimation of fetal weight (1975) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 82, pp. 689-697; O'Brien, G.D., Queenan, J.T., Growth of the ultrasound femur length during normal pregnancy (1981) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol, 141, pp. 833-837; Hansmann, M., Ultraschallbiometrie im II und III trimester der schwangerschaft (1976) Gynäkologie, 9, pp. 133-155; Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Takaishi, M., Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity and weight velocity: British children 1965. Part II (1966) Arch. Dis. Child., 41, pp. 613-635; Rohrer, R., Der index der körperfülle als mass des ernährungszustandes (1921) Münch. Med. Wochenschr., 68, pp. 580-583; Milliken, G.A., Johnson, D.E., (1984) Analysis of Messy Data, , Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York; Little, R.E., Lambert M.D. III, Worthington-Roberts, B., Ervin, C.H., Maternal smoking during lactation: Relation to infant size at one year of age (1994) Am. J. Epidemiol., 140, pp. 544-554; Trygg, K., Lund-Larsen, K., Sandstad, B., Hoffman, H.J., Jacobsen, G., Bakketeig, L.S., Do pregnant smokers eat differently from pregnant non-smokers? (1995) Paediatr. Perinatal Epidemiol., , in press; Jacobson, J.L., Jacobson, S.W., Sokol, R.J., Effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, smoking, and illicit drugs on postpartum somatic growth (1994) Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 18, pp. 317-323; Davies, D.P., Platts, P., Pritchard, J.M., Wilkinson, P.W., Nutritional status of light-for-date infants at birth and its influence on early postnatal growth (1979) Arch. Dis. Child., 54, pp. 703-706; Scott, A., Moar, V., Ounsted, M., Growth in the first four years: I. The relative effects of gender and weight for gestational age at birth (1982) Early Hum. Dev., 7, pp. 17-28; Fitzhardinge, P.M., Inwood, S., Long-term growth in small-for-date children (1989) Acta Paediatr. Scand. (Suppl.), 349, pp. 27-33 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030200442&doi=10.1016%2f0378-3782%2896%2901735-5&partnerID=40&md5=adb932217363b12b56a0ae326ef70b17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Weight-for-height indices of adiposity: Relationships with height in childhood and early adult life T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 970 EP - 976 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1093/ije/24.5.970 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Freeman, J.V. AU - Power, C. AU - Rodgers, B. AD - Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia AB - Background: The expense and inconvenience of accurate assessment of fat/lean body mass have engendered a reliance on weight-for-height indices in epidemiological investigations; indices which are independent of height have been considered desirable. Methods: The relationship between weight-for-height and height was examined using the 1958 birth cohort, National Child Development Study, at ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 years. For each age the sample was divided into a number of height groups; underweight, overweight and obesity were defined by relative weight (RW) and body mass index (BMI) in childhood and adulthood respectively. Results: In childhood the variance of RW showed substantial and systematic associations with height. Both underweight and overweight/obesity were related to height: patterns differed by age and sex, being most evident at age 7 in both sexes, continuing at age 11 (but more so in boys), and disappearing by age 16, At age 23, underweight was more prevalent and overweight and obesity less prevalent in the taller groups due to a linear correlation between BMI and height. At age 33 obesity was less prevalent in taller groups, particularly in women. Conclusions: These findings have implications for studies of obesity comparing groups which differ in height, for example, different cohorts or social classes. In the short term, interpretation of such results should take account of the phenomenon described. In the longer term, Information is needed on the relationship between height and more precise assessment of adiposity to confirm the findings of the current analysis. © 1995 International Epidemiological Association. KW - Body mass index KW - Height KW - Longitudinal study KW - Puberty KW - Relative weight KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - body height KW - body mass KW - body weight KW - child KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - variance KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Anthropometry KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Body Height KW - Body Mass Index KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Prevalence KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Scotland KW - Sex Factors KW - Thinness KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 8557455 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Khosla, T., Lowe, C.R., Indices of obesity derived from body weight and height (1967) Br J Prev Soc Med, 21, pp. 122-128; Garrow, J.S., Webster, J., Quetelet’s index as a measure of fatness (1985) Int J Obesity, 9, pp. 147-153; Newens, D.M., Goldstein, H., Height weight and the assessment of obesity in children (1972) Br J Prev Soc Med, 26, pp. 33-39; Cole, T.J., Weight/height* compared to weight/height2 for assessing adiposity in childhood: Influence of age and bone age on p during puberty (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 433-451; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Sempé, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Péquignot-Guggenbuhl, F., Fautrad, V., Adiposity indices in children (1982) Am J Clin Nutr, 36, pp. 178-184; Benn, R.T., Some mathematical properties of weight-for-height indices used as measures of adiposity (1971) Br J Prev Soc Med, 25, pp. 42-50; Thomas, P.W., Peters, T.J., Golding, J., Haslum, M.N., Weight-for-height in two national cohorts with particular reference to 10-year-old children (1989) Ann Hum Biol, 16, pp. 109-119; Cole, T.J., The British, American NCHS and Dutch weight standards compared using the LMS method (1989) Am J Hum Biol, 1, pp. 397-408; Power, C.A., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 6, pp. 81-110; Peckham, C., Stark, O., Simonite, V., Wolff, O.H., Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1983) Br Med J, pp. 1237-1242; Cole, T.J., Fitting smoothed centile curves to reference data (1988) J Roy Statist Soc (A), 151, pp. 385-418; Cole, T.J., The LMS method for constructing normalized growth standards (1990) Eur J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 45-60; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Follow-up of the first national cohort: Findings from the MRC national survey of health and development (1987) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 1, pp. 95-110; Billewicz, W.Z., Kemsley, W., Thomson, A.M., Indices of obesity (1962) Br J Prev Soc Med, 16, pp. 183-195; Gam, S.M., Haskell, J.A., Fat thickness and developmental status in childhood and adolescence (1960) Am J Dis Child, 99, pp. 60-65; Himes, J.H., Roche, A.F., Subcutaneous fatness and stature: Relationships from infancy to adulthood (1986) Hum Biol, 58, pp. 737-750; De Voors, A.W., Harsh, D.W., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Obesity and external sexual maturation (1981) Prev Med, 10, pp. 50-61; Wolff, O.H., Obesity in childhood (1955) Q J Med, 24, pp. 109-123; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Gulliford, M.C., Hammond, J., Weight-for-height in children aged 4 to 12 years: A new index compared to the normalized body mass index (1992) Eur J Clin Nutr, 46, pp. 489-500 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028790010&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f24.5.970&partnerID=40&md5=74e03975443473ab01c5c0162ec04a18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of interregional migration on geographic variability in biological and social traits in Great Britain. T2 - Human Biology J2 - Hum Biol VL - 67 IS - 4 SP - 629 EP - 640 PY - 1995 SN - 00187143 (ISSN) AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G. AU - Lasker, G.W. AD - Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, England. AB - Over 19% of individuals born in England, Scotland, and Wales during March 3-9, 1958, resided in 1981 in a region different from the region of their birth. This internal migration among the 11 regions increased geographic homogeneity for one genetic variable (ABO blood group). Cramer's V for mother's A, O, and B or AB blood group decreased from 0.0504 to 0.0476. Mother's Rh+/- blood group was not significantly different among regions of place of birth or subsequent place of residence of the offspring. Variability among the regions increased by migration from region of birth to region of residence 23 years later for the social class of male head of household (Cramer's V increased from 0.0815 to 0.0877) and for years of schooling completed (V increased from 0.107 to 0.129). Stature behaved more like the social variables (mean square deviation among regions increased from 371 cm2 to 481 cm2 in females and from 426 cm2 to 471 cm2 in males), but body weight tended to become more uniform among regions (mean square deviation decreased from 220 kg2 to 178 kg2 in females and from 315 kg2 to 260 kg2 in males). KW - adult KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - blood group KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - migration KW - population genetics KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Anthropometry KW - Blood Groups KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Emigration and Immigration KW - Female KW - Genetics, Population KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7649535 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mascie-Taylor, C.G. N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Blood Groups UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029351827&partnerID=40&md5=6a2c029ac32e675aa369e116534ff014 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood T2 - Demography J2 - Demography VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 299 EP - 318 PY - 1995 DO - 10.2307/2061682 SN - 00703370 (ISSN) AU - Cherlin, A.J. AU - Kiernan, K.E. AU - Chase-Lansdale, P.L. AD - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States AD - London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom AD - Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States AB - We investigated the long-term effects of parental divorce in childhood on demographic outcomes in young adulthood, using a British longitudinal national survey of children. Our analyses control for predisruption characteristics of the child and the family, including emotional problems, cognitive' achievement, and socioeconomic status. The results show that by age 23, those whose parents divorced were more likely to leave home because of friction, to cohabit, and to have a child outside marriage than were those whose parents did not divorce. Young adults whose parents divorced, however, were no more or less likely to marry or to have a child in a marriage. Moreover, even in the divorced group, the great majority did not leave home because of friction or have a child outside marriage. © 1995 Population Association of America. KW - childhood experience KW - demographic impact KW - longitudinal survey KW - parental divorce KW - young adults KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child KW - developmental disorder KW - divorce KW - factorial analysis KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - marriage KW - psychological aspect KW - single parent KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical model KW - statistics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - Divorce KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Marital Status KW - Single Parent KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :133 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8829968 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cherlin, A.J.; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States N1 - References: Allison, P.D., Furstenberg, F.F., How Marital Dissolution Affects Children: Variations by Age and Sex (1989) Developmental Psychology, 25, pp. 540-49; Amato, P., Keith, B., Parental Divorce and Adult Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 43-58; Aro, H.M., Palosaari, U.K., Parental Divorce, Adolescence, and Transition to Young Adulthood: A Follow-Up Study (1992) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62, pp. 421-29; Baydar, N., Effects of Parental Separation and Re-entry into Union on the Emotional Well-Being of Children (1988) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, pp. 967-81; Block, J.H., Block, J., Gjerde, P.F., The Personality of Children Prior to Divorce: A Prospective Study (1986) Child Development, 57, pp. 827-40; Bollen, K., (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Variables, , Wiley, New York; (1987) The Fourth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study: An Account of the Methodology and Summary of Early Findings, , British National Children’s Bureau, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Caspi, A., Elder, G.H., Bem, D.J., Moving against the World: Life-Course Patterns of Explosive Children (1987) Developmental Psychology, 23, pp. 308-13; Chase-Lansdale, P.L., A.J. Cherlin, and K.E. Kiernan. Forthcoming. “The Long-Term Effects of Parental Divorce on the Mental Health of Young Adults: A Developmental Perspective.” Child Development; Cherlin, A., The Effect of Children on Marital Dissolution (1977) Demography, 14, pp. 265-72; Cherlin, A., Furstenberg, F.F., The Changing European Family: Lessons for the American Reader (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9, pp. 291-97; Cherlin, A.J., Furstenberg, F.F., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K.E., Robins, P.K., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., Longitudinal Studies of Effects of Divorce on Children in Great Britain and the United States (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-89; Cox, D.R., Regression Models and Life Tables (1972) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series, 26, pp. 103-10; Elliott, M., Richards, M.P.M., Children and Divorce: Educational Performance and Behaviour Before and After Parental Separation (1991) International Journal of Law and the Family, 4, pp. 258-76; Furstenberg, F.F., Teitler, J.O., Reconsidering the Effects of Marital Disruption: What Happens to Children of Divorce in Early Adulthood? (1994) Journal of Family Issues, 15, pp. 173-90; Ghilagaber, G., (1993) Family Initiation among Swedish Males Born 1936–1964: The Choice between Marriage and Cohabitation, , Stockholm Research Reports in Demography, 77, University of Stockholm, Stockholm; Goldscheider, F.K., Goldscheider, C., Family Structure and Conflict: Nest-Leaving Expectations of Young Adults and Their Parents (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 87-97; Goldscheider, F.K., (1993) Leaving Home before Marriage: Ethnicity, Familism, and Generational Relationships, , University of Wisconsin Press, Madison; Heckman, J., Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error (1979) Econometrica, 47, pp. 153-61; Hetherington, E.M., Effects of Father Absence on Personality Development in Adolescent Daughters (1972) Developmental Psychology, 7, pp. 313-26; Hetherington, E.M., Clingempeel, W.G., (1992) Coping with Marital Transitions, , Society for Research in Child Development, Chicago; Joreskog, K.G., Sorbom, D., (1989) Lisrel 7 User’s Reference Guide, , Scientific Software, Inc., Mooresville, IN; Kiernan, K.E., The British Family: Contemporary Trends and Issues (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9, pp. 298-316; Kiernan, K.E., The Impact of Family Disruption in Childhood on Transitions Made in Young Adult Life (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-34; Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Children and Marital Breakdown: Short- and Long-Term Consequences (1993) European Population, vol. II: Demographic Dynamics, pp. 295-308. , A., Blum, J.-L., Rallu, John Libby, London; Kiernan, K.E., Estaugh, V., (1993) Cohabitation, Extra-Marital Childbearing and Social Policy, , Family Policy Studies Centre, London; Liefbroer, A.C., M. Corijn, and J. de Jong Gierveld. 1993. “Similarity and Diversity in the Onset of Family Formation in the Low Countries.” Presented at the European Science Foundation Conference, Schloss Ringberg, Germany; Maddala, G.S., (1983) Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; Manski, C.F., Sandefur, G.D., McLanahan, S., Powers, D., Alternative Estimates of the Effect of Family Structure during Adolescence on High School Graduation (1992) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87, pp. 25-37; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational Consequences of Family Disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 130-52; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; McLeod, J.D., Childhood Parental Loss and Adult Depression (1991) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, pp. 205-20; Mitchell, B.A., Wister, A.V., Burch, T.K., The Family Environment and Leaving the Parental Home (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, pp. 605-13; Newcomer, S., Udry, J.R., Parental Marital Status Effects on Adolescent Sexual Behavior (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 235-40; (1990) Marriage and Divorce Statistics, 1837–1983, England and Wales, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Series FM2, No. 16, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London; Pringle, M.F.K., Southgate Group Reading Tests (1965) The Sixth Mental Measurements Yearbook, pp. 812-13. , O.K., Buros, Gryphon Press, Highland Park, NJ; Pringle, M.F.K., Butler, N., Davie, R., (1966) 11,000 Seven Year Olds, , Longman, London; Rindfuss, R.R., Sweet, J.A., (1977) Postwar Fertility Trends and Differentials in the United States, , Academic Press, New York; Rutter, M., (1970) Education, Health, and Behaviour, , M., Rutter, J., Tizard, K., Whitmore, Longman, London; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Southgate, V., (1962) Southgate Group Reading Tests: Manual of Instructions, , University of London, London; Stolzenberg, R.M., RelIes, D., Theory Testing in a World of Constrained Research Design (1990) Sociological Methods & Research, 18, pp. 395-415; Stott, D.H., (1969) The Social Adjustment of Children, , University of London Press, London; Thornton, A., Influence of the Marital History of Parents on the Marital and Cohabitational Experiences of Children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 868-94; (1978) Divorces and Divorce Rates: United States, , U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 21, No. 29, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; (1984) Advance Report of Final Divorce Statistics, , U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Monthly Vital Statistics Report, No.9, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; Wadsworth, M., Mclean, M., Kuh, D., Rodgers, B., Children of Divorced and Separated Parents: Summary and Review of Findings from a Long-Term Follow-up in the U.K (1990) Family Practice, 7, pp. 104-109; Wallerstein, J.S., Blakeslee, S., (1989) Second Chances, , Ticknor and Fields, New York; Young, C., (1987) Leaving Home in Australia, , Australian National University and Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029414969&doi=10.2307%2f2061682&partnerID=40&md5=112205f862d843946777a71b5e7b8835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adult outcome of normal children who are short or underweight at age 7 years T2 - BMJ J2 - BMJ VL - 310 IS - 6981 SP - 696 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1136/bmj.310.6981.696 SN - 09598138 (ISSN) AU - Greco, L. AU - Power, C. AU - Peckham, C. AD - University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 80131 Naples, Italy AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London WC1 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To evaluate the adult growth outcome (at age 23) of children who are short or underweight at age 7 years in whom no identifiable pathological cause exists for their poor growth. Design: Longitudinal follow up of a birth cohort. Setting: The national child development study (1958 birth cohort) of Great Britain. Subjects: 523 children with a height or a weight below the fifth centile at age 7. Of these, 70 (13.4%) were excluded because they had a longstanding ilness that could account for their poor growth. The remaining 453 subjects, who were followed to age 23, provided the base group from which those with additional data, such as parental height, were obtained. Results: 55/174 (31.6%) boys who were short at age 7 became short men; 60/211 (28.4%) girls who were short at age 7 became short women. Among boys who were underweight at age 7, 46/160 (28.7%) were still underweight at age 23, while 61/200 (30.5%) girls underweight at age 7 became underweight women. Having short parents did not increase the probability of being small as an adult. Children with delayed puberty were as likely to remain small as those in whom puberty was not delayed. Conclusions: One in three normal children who was short or underweight at age 7 became a short or underweight adult. This informs the management of short children and may be valuable when prolonged growth hormone treatment for short stature is being considered. Key messages Follow up of national population samples starting early in life are ideal for monitoring such outcomes and associated mediating influences In this study one in three normal children who was short or underweight at age 7 became a short or underweight adult Fluctuating growth patterns in childhood are likely to account for the finding that the remaining two in three children were no longer short or underweight by early adulthood. © 1995, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child development KW - child growth KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - parent KW - priority journal KW - short stature KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aging KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Growth Disorders KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Parents KW - Puberty KW - Puberty, Delayed KW - Reference Values KW - Sex Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Weight Gain N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7711536 LA - English N1 - References: Lacey, K.A., Parkin, J.M., Causes of short stature (1974) Lancet, i, pp. 42-45; Lacey, K.A., Parkin, J.M., The normal short child (1974) Arch Dis Child, 49, pp. 417-424; Voss, L.D., Mulligan, J., Betts, P.R., Wilkin, T.J., Poor growth in school entrants as an index of organic disease: the Wessex growth study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 1400-1402; Milner, R.D.G., Which children should have growth hormone therapy? (1986) Lancet, i, pp. 483-485; Pintor, C., Cella, S.G., Loche, S., Puggioni, R., Corda, R., Locatelli, V., Clonidine treatment for short stature (1989) Lancet, i, pp. 1226-1229; Brook, G., Hindmarsh, P.C., Tests for growth hormone secretion (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 85-87; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , ed, London, MacMillan, (For National Children's Bureau.); Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the fifth follow-up of the national child development study, , ed, London, National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight for height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) International Journal of Obesity, 2, pp. 445-453; Alberman, E., Filakti, A., Williams, S., Evans, S.J.W., Early influences on the secular changes in adult height between parents and children of the 1958 birth cohort (1991) Ann Hum Biol, 18, pp. 127-136; Knight, I., (1984) The height and weights of adults in Great Britain, , London, HMSO, (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.); Rosenbaum, S., Skinner, R.K., Knight, I.B., Garrow, J.S., A survey of heights and weights of adults in Great Britain (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 12, pp. 115-127; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and class: the early years, , London, Chapman and Hall; Skuse, D.H., Non-organic failure to thrive: a reappraisal (1985) Arch Dis Child, 60, pp. 173-178; Bland, J.M., Altman, D.G., Regression towards the mean (1994) BMJ, 308, p. 1499; Bland, J.M., Altman, D.G., Some examples of regression towards the mean (1994) BMJ, 309, p. 780; Bailey, B.J.R., Monitoring the heights of prepubertal children (1994) Ann Hum Biol, 21, pp. 1-11; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W.B., Longitudinal study of obesity in the national survey of health and development (1981) BMJ, 283, pp. 13-17; Hermanussen, M., Geiger-Benoit, K., Burmeister, J., Sippel, W.G., Periodical changes of short term velocity (“mini-growth spurts”) in human growth (1988) Ann Hum Biol, 15, pp. 103-109; Butler, G.E., McKie, M., Ratcliffe, S.G., The cyclical nature of prepubertal growth (1990) Arm Hum Biol, 17, pp. 177-198; Greco, L., Capasso, A., De Fusco, C., Paludetto, R., Pulse growth in very low birth weight babies appropriate for gestational age (1990) Arch Dis Child, 65, pp. 373-376; Gulliford, M.C., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Social environment and height: England and Scotland 1987 and 1988 (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 235-240; Hindmarsh, P.C., Brook, C.G.D., Auxological and biochemical assessment of short stature (1988) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 343, pp. 73-77; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children: results from the national child development study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Rona, R., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br Med Bull, 37, pp. 265-272; Miller, F.J.W., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle-upon-Tyne children (1972) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 26, pp. 224-230 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028904763&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.310.6981.696&partnerID=40&md5=4cf888baa77db146f80d6ec47fb3c711 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is pay discrimination against young women a thing of the past?: A tale of two cohorts T2 - International Journal of Manpower J2 - Int. J. Manpow. VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 60 EP - 65 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1108/01437729510085765 SN - 01437720 (ISSN) AU - Paci, P. AU - Joshi, H. AU - Makepeace, G. AU - Dolton, P. AD - City University, London, United Kingdom AD - University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom AD - University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom KW - earning disparity KW - equal pay KW - gender discrimination KW - labour market KW - young women KW - UK N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Ermisch, J.F., Wright, R.E., Differential returns to human capital in full-time and part-time employment (1992) Folbre, Bergmann, Agarwal and Flor (Eds), Women's Work in the World Economy, pp. 195-212. , Macmillan, London; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; Greene, W., (1992) Limdep Version 6.0. User Manual and Reference Guide, , Econometric Software, Inc; Joshi, H., Newell, M.-L., Pay differentials and parenthood: analysis of men and women born in 1946 (1989) Institute of Employment Research Report, , University of Warwick, Coventry; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Clarendon Press, Oxford UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029509753&doi=10.1108%2f01437729510085765&partnerID=40&md5=3afa7054b33b0b33b4bc3e403df327fe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Value and quality of perinatal and infant postmortem examinations: Cohort Analysis of 400 consecutive deaths T2 - BMJ J2 - BMJ VL - 310 IS - 6973 SP - 155 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1136/bmj.310.6973.155 SN - 09598138 (ISSN) AU - Cartlidge, P.H.T. AU - Dawson, A.T. AU - Stewart, J.H. AU - Vujanic, G.M. AD - University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF4 4XN, United Kingdom AB - Objectives: To evaluate the contribution that perinatal and infant necropsy makes to clinical practice and to see how this might be influenced by the quality of the investigation. Design: Cohort analysis, with data from the all Wales perinatal survey, of perinatal and infant deaths during 1993 of babies born to mothers usually resident in Wales. The clinicopathological classification of death based on clinical details was compared with the classification after necropsy. Similarly, cases in which necropsy yielded new information were identified. The quality of the necropsy was assessed by scoring six aspects of the examination. Subjects: 400 consecutive deaths at 20 weeks of gestation to 1 year of age. Main outcome measures: Necropsy rate, effect of necropsy on clinicopathological classification, new information disclosed by necropsy, quality of necropsies, and the link between new information and quality of the necropsy. Results: Necropsy was performed in 232 cases (58%). The clinicopathological classification was altered by necropsy in 29 cases (13%). New information was obtained in 60 cases (26%), and in 42 (18%) it disclosed the cause of death. The quality of necropsy was substantially higher when the main cause of death was detected than when nothing new was found. Conclusion: Necropsy is underused. Clinicians should be more positive about necropsies and realise how much clinically relevant information can be obtained from a good quality examination. The quality of many perinatal postmortem examinations is considered poor Present findings show that necropsy discloses the main cause of death in 18% of perinatal and infants deaths and other new information in a further 8% of deaths Clinically important information is more likely to emanate from a good quality necropsy Clinicians should take a more positive atti- tude towards postmortem examinations. © 1995, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - article KW - autopsy KW - cause of death KW - child death KW - cohort analysis KW - diagnostic value KW - fetus KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - pathology KW - perinatal mortality KW - priority journal KW - quality control KW - united kingdom KW - Abnormalities KW - Autopsy KW - Cause of Death KW - Cohort Studies KW - Evaluation Studies KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pathology, Clinical KW - Quality of Health Care KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :111 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7833753 LA - English N1 - References: Report on paediatric and perinatal pathology (1990) Bulletin of the Royal College of Pathologists, 69, pp. 10-13; Shen-Schwarz, S., Neish, C., Hill, L.M., Antenatal ultrasound for fetal anomalies: importance of perinatal autopsy (1989) Pediatr Pathol, 9, pp. 1-9; (1988) Report on fetal and perinatal pathology, , London, RCOG; (1993) Report of the national confidential enquiry into perioperative deaths, , London, DoH; (1980) Second report from the Social Services Committee 1979–80: perinatal and neonatal mortality, , London, HMSO; Rushton, D.I., West midlands perinatal mortality survey, 1987. An audit of 300 perinatal autopsies (1991) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 98, pp. 624-627; Keeling, J.W., MacGillivray, I., Golding, J., Wigglesworth, J., Berry, J., Dunn, P.M., Classification of perinatal death (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1345-1351; (1993) Confidential enquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy, , London, DoH; Wigglesworth, J.S., Monitoring perinatal mortality—a pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, ii, pp. 684-686; (1993) Guidelines for post mortem reports, , London, RCP; Britton, M., Diagnostic errors discovered at autopsy (1974) Acta Medica Scandinavia, 196, pp. 203-210; Porter, H.J., Keeling, J.W., Value of perinatal necropsy examination (1987) J Clin Pathol, 40, pp. 180-184; Clayton-Smith, J., Farndon, P.A., McKeown, C., Donnai, D., Examination of fetuses after induced abortion for fetal abnormality (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 295-297; Gau, G., The ultimate audit (1977) BMJ, i, pp. 1580-1582; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; Duley, L.M.M., A validation of underlying cause of death, as recorded by clinicians on stillbirth and neonatal death certificates (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1233-1235 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028921532&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.310.6973.155&partnerID=40&md5=26dd49f742282aeaa635e01db67cbe6e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asthma, enuresis, and chronic illness: Long term impact on height T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - ARCH. DIS. CHILD. VL - 73 IS - 4 SP - 298 EP - 304 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1136/adc.73.4.298 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Objective - To determine whether common conditions in early childhood, such as asthma and psychosocial illness (mainly enuresis), affect height during later childhood and in adult life. Design - Longitudinal follow up of subjects in the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. Data from the birth survey and ages 7, 11, 16, and 23 were used. Subjects - 12 537 subjects remaining in the study at age 23, representing 76% of the target population, cohort members still alive and resident in Britain. Results - Heights of children with allergic, acute or psychosomatic illness, or asthma/wheezy bronchitis did not differ by age 7 from those of children without such illnesses. When asthma was graded by severity, there was a trend (not significant) for the severe group to be shorter at ages 16 and 23. Although children with a chronic illness by age 7 were on average almost 0.5 cm shorter than children without such illnesses, this difference was reduced by half and was not significant after adjusting for maternal height, birth weight, parity, and social class at birth. However, a marked and long lasting effect was found for children with psychosocial illness who at age 7 were significantly shorter, by a mean of 0.77 cm. Within this group, enuretic children with a problem at age 11 were more than 1 cm shorter in adulthood, even allowing for other height related factors. Conclusions - Common childhood illnesses do not appear to affect height, either in the short or in the long term, although exceptions include chronic illness and enuresis. The value of height as an indicator of child health status in an industrialised country such as Britain requires further reassessment. KW - Asthma KW - Childhood illness KW - Enuresis KW - Height KW - Longitudinal study KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - asthma KW - body height KW - chronic disease KW - enuresis KW - growth KW - health status KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - priority journal KW - psychosocial disorder KW - school child PB - BMJ Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028803443&doi=10.1136%2fadc.73.4.298&partnerID=40&md5=a3da346fabc0fa0a3c5033115742043f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asthma and allergic rhinitis among Finnish adolescents in 1977-1991 T2 - Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine J2 - SCAND. J. SOC. MED. VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 60 EP - 65 PY - 1995 SN - 03008037 (ISSN) AU - Rimpela, A.H. AU - Savonius, B. AU - Rimpela, M.K. AU - Haahtela, T. AD - The Nordic School of Public Health, Box 12133, S-40242 Gothenburg, Sweden AB - Objectives - To study whether asthma and allergic rhinitis had increased from 1977 to 1991 and if so, in which subpopulations; to study if structural changes of the society or change in the genetic susceptibility of the population could explain the increase. Design - Cross-sectional surveys with mailed questionnaires in 1977, 1979 and 1991, data from 1977 and 1979 combined; national mortality statistics. Setting- Finland. Subjects - A nationwide sample of 12-, 14-, 16- and 18 year-olds. Sample sizes were 4335 and 3059, response rates 88% and 77%. Mortality statistics from 1958 to 1990. Main outcome measures - Point prevalence rate (%) of self-reported, physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis, susceptibility of the population measured by probability of respiratory death. Results - Prevalence of asthma was 1.0% in 1977-1979 and 2.8% in 1991, that of allergic rhinitis 5.0% and 14.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase did not differ in socio-demographic subgroups or parents' smoking groups and that changes in the distribution of socio-demographic variables did not explain the difference either. Respiratory deaths in ages 0-4 were fewer in the birth cohorts measured in 1991. Conclusions - Physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis increased three-fold among Finnish adolescents in 1977-1991. Factors which explain the increase affected all subgroups similarly. Such factors could be changes in diagnostic practices and indoor air quality. Increased susceptibility could explain only a small part. It is likely that a major part of this considerable increase is real. KW - Adolescents KW - Allergic rhinitis KW - Asthma KW - Time trend KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - air quality KW - allergic rhinitis KW - ambient air KW - article KW - asthma KW - female KW - finland KW - genetic susceptibility KW - health statistics KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - mortality KW - normal human KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - regression analysis KW - school child KW - smoking KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Asthma KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Human KW - Male KW - Population Surveillance KW - Prevalence KW - Questionnaires KW - Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :80 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SJSMA C2 - 7784855 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rimpel, A.H.; The Nordic School of Public Health, Box 12133, S-40242 Gothenburg, Sweden UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028905852&partnerID=40&md5=4ade555436472ffbe2642ed7a4735748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of ambient levels of smoke and sulphur dioxide on the health of a national sample of 23 year old subjects in 1981 T2 - Thorax J2 - Thorax VL - 50 IS - 7 SP - 764 EP - 768 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1136/thx.50.7.764 SN - 00406376 (ISSN) AU - Scarlett, J.F. AU - Griffiths, J.M. AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Anderson, H.R. AD - Mid Surrey Health Authority, West Park Hospital, Epsom, Surrey KTl9 8PB, United Kingdom AD - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - Background - There is concern that, despite the fall in air pollution levels since the 1950s, there may still be adverse effects at current levels. A study was carried out to investigate the association between air pollution and respiratory symptoms in 23 year old subjects in 1981. Methods - Data on cough, phlegm, and wheeze were available on 11552 members ofthe 1958 national birth cohort. Counties in the UK were ranked by annual average level of black smoke and sulphur dioxide (SO2), and then divided into five groups. The subject's county of residence determined their categorisation of pollution exposure. The association between air pollution exposure and respiratory symptoms was examined by logistic regression, adjusting for social class, sex, and smoking. Results - The ranges of the air pollution groups were 2 0-13 0, 13-1-18 7, 19 6-208, 21-0-25X8, and 26 1-551 igIm' for black smoke, and 7-0-36-4, 36-7-42 7, 430-50 5, 52 0-59 3, and 609-87 7 pg/m3 for SO2. The overall prevalences of cough, phlegm, wheezing since age 16, and wheezing in the past year were 13-3%, 10-3%, 9-4%, and 44%/o, respectively. Phlegm symptoms increased with increasing smoke levels with evidence of a plateau. Cough and wheeze were not associated with black smoke; no symptom was associated with SO2. In the subgroup with wheeze at ages 16-23 there was no effect of smoke level on phlegm. Conclusions - Low ambient levels ofblack smoke were associated with decreased prevalence ofphlegm symptoms in young adults in the UK in 1981. The effect was evident below the current EC guideline of 34-51 μg/m3 annual black smoke. In 1991 the annual mean smoke level for each county ranged from 3-4 to 26 5 μg/m 3, spanning all but the last exposure group used here. This is consistent with the existence of adverse and possibly chronic effects at current levels. KW - Air Pollution KW - Phlegm KW - Smoke KW - sulfur KW - adult KW - air pollution KW - article KW - coughing KW - human KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - respiratory tract disease KW - smoke KW - smoking KW - wheezing KW - Adult KW - Air Pollutants, Environmental KW - Asthma KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cough KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Human KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Smoke KW - Sulfur Dioxide PB - BMJ Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: THORA C2 - 7570412 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Scarlett, J.F.; Mid Surrey Health Authority, West Park Hospital, Epsom, Surrey KTl9 8PB, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: sulfur, 13981-57-2, 7704-34-9; Air Pollutants, Environmental; Sulfur Dioxide, 7446-09-5 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028998453&doi=10.1136%2fthx.50.7.764&partnerID=40&md5=e6b4b2f975bcaff7ade2352b0f9b4be8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis among Finnish Adolescents in 1977–1991 T2 - Scandinavian Journal of Public Health J2 - Scand. J. Public Health VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 60 EP - 65 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1177/140349489502300111 SN - 14034948 (ISSN) AU - Rimpelä, A.H. AU - Savonius, B. AU - Rimpelä, M.K. AD - Departments of Public Health, Universities of Helsinki and Oulu, National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health, Department of Allergic Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Nordic School of Public Health, Sweden AB - Objectives — To study whether asthma and allergic rhinitis had increased from 1977 to 1991 and if so, in which subpopulations; to study if structural changes of the society or change in the genetic susceptibility of the population could explain the increase. Design — Cross-sectional surveys with mailed questionnaires in 1977, 1979 and 1991, data from 1977 and 1979 combined; national mortality statistics. Setting — Finland. Subjects — A nationwide sample of 12-, 14-, 16- and 18-year-olds. Sample sizes were 4335 and 3059, response rates 88% and 77%. Mortality statistics from 1958 to 1990. Main outcome measures — Point prevalence rate (%) of self-reported, physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis, susceptibility of the population measured by probability of respiratory death. Results — Prevalence of asthma was 1.0% in 1977–1979 and 2.8% in 1991, that of allergic rhinitis 5.0% and 14.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase did not differ in socio-demographic subgroups or parents' smoking groups and that changes in the distribution of socio-demographic variables did not explain the difference either. Respiratory deaths in ages 0–4 were fewer in the birth cohorts measured in 1991. Conclusions — Physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis increased three-fold among Finnish adolescents in 1977–1991. Factors which explain the increase affected all subgroups similarly. Such factors could be changes in diagnostic practices and indoor air quality. Increased susceptibility could explain only a small part. It is likely that a major part of this considerable increase is real. © 1995, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. KW - adolescents KW - allergic rhinitis KW - Asthma KW - time trend N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rimpelä, A.H.; The Nordic School of Public Health, Box 12133, S-402 42 Gothenburg, Sweden N1 - References: Uberg, N., (1988) Allergic diseases in childhood and adolescence in relation to background factors [dissertation], , Göteborg Department of Pediatrics, Gothenbug University; Haatela, T., Lindholm, H., Björksten F, Koskenvuo, K., Laitinen, A., Prevalence of asthma in Finnish youns men (1990) Br Med J, 301, pp. 266-268; Bumey, P.G.J., Chinn, S., Roma, R.J., Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? Evidence from the national study of health and growth 1973–86 (1990) Br Med J, 300, pp. 1306-1310; Fleming, D.M., Crombie, D.L., Prevalence of asthma and hay fewer in England and Wales (1987) Br Med J, 294, pp. 279-283; Ninan, T.K., Russel, G., Respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren: evidence from two surveys 25 years apart (1992) Br Med, 304, pp. 873-875; Robertson, C.F., Heycock, E., The prevalence of asthma in Melbourne schoolchildren: changes over 26 years (1991) Br Med J, 302, pp. 1116-1118. , et al; Hill, R., Williams, J., Tattersfield, A., Britton, J., Change in use of asthma as a diagnostic label for wheezing illness in schoolchildren (1989) Br Med J, 299, p. 898; Burr, M.L., Diagnosing asthma by questionnaire in epidemiological surveys (1992) Clin Exp Allergy, 22, pp. 509-510; Zetterström O., The increased prevalence of allergic airway disease (1988) Allergy, 43 (8), pp. 10-11; Miyamoto, T., Takafuji, S., Suzuki, S., Tadokoro, K., Muranaka, M., Allergy and changing environments – industrial/urban pollution. In (1989) Progress in allergy and clinical immunology, , Pihler WJ, Stadler BM, Dahinden CA, eds. Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Stuttgart Hogrefe & Huber Publishers; Bates, D.V., Sizto, R., Air pollution and hospital admission in Southern Ontario: The acid summer haze effect (1987) Environ Res, 43, pp. 317-331; Lebowitz, M.D., Collins, L., Holberg, C.J., Time series analyses of respiratory responses to indoors and outdoors environmental phenomena (1987) Environ Res, 43, pp. 332-341; Bates, D.V., Sizto, R., The Ontario Air Pollution Study: Identification of the causative agent (1989) Environ Health Perspect, 79, pp. 69-72; Popp, W., Zwick, H., Steyrer, K., Rauscher, H., Wanke, T., Sensitization to aeroallergens depends on environmental factors (1989) Allergy, 44, pp. 572-575; Molfino, N.A., Wright, S.C., Katz I, Effect of low concentrations of ozone on inhaled allergen responses in asthmatic subjects (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 199-203. , et al; Kagamimori, S., Katoh, T., Naruse J, The changing prevalence of respiratory symptoms in atopic children in response to air pollution (1986) Clin Allergy, 16, pp. 299-308. , et al; Platts-Mills, T.A.E., Ward, G.W., Sporik, R., Gelder, L.E., Chapman, M.D., Heymann, P.W., Epidemiology of the relationship between exposure to indoor allergens and astma (1991) Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 94, pp. 339-345; Wichman, M., Nordvall, L., Pershagen, G., Sundell, J., Schwartz, B., House dust mite sensitization in children and residential characteristics (1991) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 88, pp. 89-95; Strachan, D.P., Hay fewer, hygiene and household size (1989) Br Med J, 299, pp. 1259-1260; Rimpelä A., Occurrence of respiratory diseases and symptoms among Finnish youth (1982) Acta Paediatr Scand; Rimpelä A, Rimpelä M, Karvonen, S., The Juvenile Health Habit Study. – Description of the project and experiences of a multidisciplinary work. In (1989) The construction of youth in youth research. The Second Nordic Youth Research Symposium; 7–11.6, , Nuutinen P, ed. Savonlinna; Joensuu: University of Joensuu, Research Reports of the Faculty of Education; Payne, C.D., (1985) The GLIM System Release 3.77 Manual, , Oxford Numerical Algorithms Group; Peura, S., Martikainen, J., Klaukka, T., (1990) The utilization antiasthmatics in Finland during the 1980s, , Helsinki Publications of the Social Insurance Institution, Finland; Kalimo, E., Klaukka, T., Lehtonen, R., Nyman, K., (1992) Suomalaisten terveysturva ja sen kehitystarpeet. (Health security in Finland and needs for development.), p. M81. , Helsinki Publications of the Social Insurance Institution, Finland; (1987) Health for All by the 2000 – the Finnish national strategy, , Helsinki Ministry of Social Affairs and Health; (1990) Health Care System in Transition, pp. 150-155. , Paris: OECD Social Policy Studies No 7; Rimpelä A, Rimpelä M, Kosunen, E., Use of oral contraceptives and its consequences in Finland 1981–91 (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 1053-1057; Murray, A.B., Morrison, B.J., It is children with atopic dermatitis who develop asthma more frequently if mother smokes (1990) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 86, pp. 732-739; Martinez, F.D., Cline, M., Burrows, B., Increased incidence of asthma in children of smoking mothers (1992) Pediatrics, 89, pp. 21-26; Rimpelä M., (1978) Aikuisväestön tupakointitavat Suomessa, , Iuvuilla(Adult use of tobacco in Finland in the 1950s to 1970s.) Tampere: Kansanterveystieteen julkaisuja M 40/78; Niemensivu, H., Piha, T., Berg Mari-Anna, Puska, P., Health behaviour among Finnish adult population, , Helsinki Publication of the National Public Health Institute; B 4/1988; Speight, A.N.P., Lee, D.A., Hey, E.N., Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of asthma in childhood (1983) Br Med J, 286, pp. 1253-1256; Suonpää J, Antila, J., Increase of acute frontal sinusitis in southwestern Finland (1990) Scand J Infect Dis, 22, pp. 563-568; Peat, J.K., Spijker J, Prevalence of asthma in adults in Busselton, Western Australia (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 1326-1329. , et al UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84970292428&doi=10.1177%2f140349489502300111&partnerID=40&md5=3a209e60a72addd0251377609bf8ca4e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The price of motherhood: Family status and women's pay in a young British cohort T2 - Oxford Economic Papers J2 - Oxf. Econ. Pap. VL - 47 IS - 4 SP - 584 EP - 610 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a042189 SN - 00307653 (ISSN) AU - Waldfogel, J. AD - Columbia University, School of Social Work, NY, NY 10025, United States KW - family status KW - gender disparity KW - longitudinal survey KW - National Child Development Study KW - women's earnings KW - young adults KW - UK PB - Oxford University Press N1 - Cited By :49 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: OXEPA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Waldfogel, J.; Columbia University, School of Social Work, NY, NY 10025, United States N1 - References: Baxter, J., Domestic Labour and Income Inequality (1992) Work, Employment and Society, 6, pp. 229-249; Becker, G., (1991) A Treatise on the Family, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge; Becker, G., Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labor (1985) Journal of Labor Economics, 3, pp. 33-38; Blau, F., Kahn, L., (1992) The Gender Earnings Gap: Learning from International Comparisons, pp. 533-538. , American Economic Review, May; Borooah, V.K., Lee, K.C., The Effect of Changes in Britains Industrial Structure on Female Relative Pay and Employment’ (1988) Economic Journal, 98, pp. 818-833; Bradshaw, J., Millar, J., (1991) Lone Parent Families in the UK, , HMSO, London; Brannen, J., Moss, P., (1991) Managing Mothers: Dual Earner Households after Maternity Leave, , Unwin Hyman, London; Chiplin, B., Sloane, P.J., The Effect of Britains Anti-Discrimination Legislation on Relative Pay and Employment: A Comment’ (1988) Economic Journal, 98, pp. 833-839; Daniel, K., (1991) Does Marriage Make Men More Productive?, , paper presented at AEA Conference; Daniel, W., (1980) Maternity Rights: The Experience of Women, , Policy Studies Institute, London; Daniel, W., (1981) Maternity Rights' the Experience of Employers, , Policy Studies Institute, London; Dex, S., Shaw, L., (1986) British and American Women at Work' Do Equal Opportunities Policies Matter?, , Macmillan, London; Dolton, P.J., Makepeace, G.H., Marital Status, Child Rearing and Earnings Differentials in the Graduate Labour Market (1987) Economic Journal, 97, pp. 897-922; Elias, P., Gregory, M., (1994) The Changing Structure of Occupations and Earnings in Great Britain, 1975-1990: An Analysis Based on the New Earnings Survey Panel Dataset, , Research Series No. 27, Employment Department, London; (1990) New Earnings Survey 1989, , Employment Department, HMSO, London; (1993) Employment Gazette, , Employment Department, HMSO, London; (1991) Women and Men in Britain 1991, , HMSO, London; Ermisch, J., Wright, R., Wage Offers and Full-Time and Part-Time Employment by British Women (1993) Journal of Human Resources, 28, pp. 110-133; Fuchs, V., (1988) Women's Quest for Economic Equality, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Greenhalgh, C., Male-Female Wage Differentials in Great Britain: Is Marriage an Equal Opportunity? (1980) Economic Journal, 90, pp. 751-775; Gregg, P., Machin, S., (1993) Is the Glass Ceiling Cracking: Gender Pay Differentials and Access to Promotion among UK Executives, , Centre for Economic Performance, London; Hakim, C., Grateful Slaves and Self-Made Women (1991) European Sociological Review, 7, pp. 127-152; Heckman, J., Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error (1979) Econometrica, 47, pp. 153-161; Hewitt, P., (1993) About Time, , IPPR, London; Hill, M., The Wage Effects of Marital Status and Children (1979) Journal of Human Resources, 14, pp. 579-594; Jacobsen, J., Levin, L., (1992) The Effects of Intermittent Labor Force Attachment on Female Earnings, , paper presented at AEA Conference, Nashville, TN; Jenkins, S., Lone Mothers Employment and Full-Time Work Probabilities’ (1992) Economic Journal, pp. 310-320; Joshi, H., Newell, M.L., (1989) Pay Differentials and Parenthood: Analysis of Men and Women Born in 1946, , University of Warwick Institute for Employment Research, Coventry; Joshi, H., Sex and Motherhood as Handicaps in the Labour Market (1991) Women’s Issues in Social Policy, , D. Groves and M. Maclean, Routledge, London; Joshi, H., The Cost of Caring (1992) Women and Poverty in Britain, , C. Glendinning and J. Millar, Wheatsheaf, London; Katz, L., Loveman, G., Blanchflower, D., (1992) A Comparison of Changes in the Structure of Wages in Four OECD Countries, , paper presented in the NBER Comparative Labour Markets Conference, Boston, MA; Korenman, S., Neumark, D., Does Marriage Really Make Men More Productive? (1991) Journal of Human Resources, 26, pp. 282-307; Korenman, S., Neumark, D., Marriage, Motherhood, and Wages (1992) Journal of Human Resources, 27, pp. 233-255; Lewis, J., (1992) Women in Britain since 1945, , Basil Blackwell, Oxford; Machin, S., Waldfogel, J., (1994) The Decline of the Male Breadwinner Changing Shares of Husbands’ and Wives’ Earnings in Family Income, , Discussion Paper WSP/103, STICERD, London; Malkiel, B., Malkiel, J., Male-Female Pay Differentials in Professional Employment (1973) American Economic Review, 63, pp. 693-705; Manning, A., (1993) The Equal Pay Act as an Experiment to Test Theories of the Labour Market, , Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper No. 153, London; Martin, J., Roberts, C., (1984) Women and Employment: A Lifetime Perspective, , HMSO, London; McRae, S., (1991) Maternity Rights in Britain, , Policy Studies Institute, London; Neumark, D., Korenman, S., (1992) Sources of Bias in Women’s Wage Equations: Results Using Sibling Data, , NBER Working Paper, Boston, MA; Oaxaca, R., Male-Female Wage Diffemtials in Urban Labour Markets (1973) International Economic Review, 14, pp. 693-709; ESRC Data Archive, , Office of Population and Census Surveys. General Household Survey (computer files), Essex; O’Neill, J., Polachek, S., Why the Gender Gap in Wages Narrowed in the 1980s (1993) Journal of Labor Economics, pp. 205-228; Schmitt, J., (1993) The Changing Structure of Male Earnings in Britain, 1974-1988, , forthcoming in R. Freeman and L. Katz (eds), Changes and Differences in Wage Structures, Chicago University Press, Chicago; Schoeni, R., (1990) The Earnings Effects of Marital Status: An International Comparison, , Luxembourg Income Studies Working Paper; Sloane, P.J., Sex Differentials: Structure, Stability, and Change (1990) A Portrait of Pay: 1970-1982, , M. Gregory and A. W. J. Thomson, Oxford University Press, Oxford; (1991) National Child Development Study (Computer Files), , Social Statistics Research Unit, ESRC Data Archive, Essex; Stewart, M.B., Greenhalgh, C.A., Work History Patterns and the Occupational Attainment of Women (1984) Economic Journal, 94, pp. 483-519; (1992) Women Still Face Unfair Treatment in the Workplace, , The Times; Waldfogel, J., (1993) Mothers Returning to Work: Participation Rates and Participation Decisions of New Mothers, , Employment Department Seminar on Female Labour Supply, June; Waldfogel, J., (1993) Women Working for Less: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Family Gap, , Discussion Paper WSP/93, STICERD, London; Waldfogel, J., (1994) Family Status and Womens Pay in the US and UK’, , doctoral dissertation, Harvard University; Webb, S., Womens Incomes: Past, Present and Prospects’ (1993) Fiscal Studies, 14, pp. 14-36; Wright, R., Ermisch, J., Gender Discrimination in the British Labour Market; A Reassessment (1991) The Economic Journal, 101, pp. 508-522; Zabalza, A., Tzannatos, Z., (1985) Women and Equal Pay: The Effects of Legislation on Female Employment and Wages in Britain, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029503808&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.oep.a042189&partnerID=40&md5=58f4ee8c40b00c0e902f0520ee516a57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The antecedents of teen fatherhood: A retrospective case-control study of Great Britain youth T2 - American Journal of Public Health J2 - AM. J. PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 85 IS - 4 SP - 551 EP - 554 PY - 1995 DO - 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.551 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) AU - Dearden, K.A. AU - Hale, C.B. AU - Woolley, T. AD - Save the Children, 54 Wilton Rd, Westport, CT 06880, United States AB - Historically, researchers have focused on identifying risk factors for teen motherhood, largely ignoring teen fathers. This study uses the 1958 National Child Development Study of Great Britain to examine antecedents of teen fatherhood. Teen fathers were compared with later fathers and nonfathers by using epidemiological methods. Results indicate that boys who became fathers while in their teens were at increased risk for experiencing problems at home and at school and were more likely to demonstrate aggressive, truant, and law-breaking behaviors. Many of these risk factors were also evident among those who became fathers while in their early 20s. KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aggression KW - article KW - case control study KW - controlled study KW - demography KW - father KW - human KW - juvenile delinquency KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - parenthood KW - retrospective study KW - risk factor KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom PB - American Public Health Association Inc. N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJPEA C2 - 7702121 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dearden, K.A.; Save the Children, 54 Wilton Rd, Westport, CT 06880, United States UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028901636&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.85.4.551&partnerID=40&md5=6dfa1fe1f80fb3919cd307ab292627b1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Long‐Term Effects of Parental Divorce on the Mental Health of Young Adults: A Developmental Perspective T2 - Child Development J2 - Child Dev. VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 1614 EP - 1634 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00955.x SN - 00093920 (ISSN) AU - Chase‐Lansdale, P.L. AU - Cherlin, A.J. AU - Kiernan, K.E. AD - University of Chicago, United States AD - Johns Hopkins University, United States AD - London School of Economics, United Kingdom AB - The effects of parental divorce during childhood and adolescence on the mental health of young adults (age 23) were examined, using the National Child Development Study (NCDS), a longitudinal, multimethod, nationally representative survey of all children born in Great Britain during 1 week in 1958 (N= 17,414). Children were assessed at birth and subsequently followed up at ages 7, 11, 16, and 23 by means of maternal and child interviews, and by psychological, school, and medical assessments. Parental divorce had a moderate, long‐term negative impact on adult mental health, as measured by the Malaise Inventory total score, and controlling for economic status, children's emotional problems, and school performance preceding marital dissolution. The likelihood of scoring above the clinical cutoff of the Malaise Inventory rose from 8% to 11% due to parental divorce. This indicated that the relative risk of serious emotional disorders increased in the aftermath of divorce, but that the large majority of individuals did not exhibit such risks. Path analyses revealed that the negative effects of divorce on adult mental health operated indirectly through higher emotional problems and lower levels of school achievement and family economic status at age 16. Results related to timing of divorce, remarriage, and interactions between age 7 emotional problems and divorce, and between age 7 emotional problems and child gender, are also discussed. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - adaptive behavior KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - divorce KW - ego development KW - emotional disorder KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - individuality KW - learning disorder KW - male KW - personality test KW - psychological aspect KW - risk factor KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Affective Symptoms KW - Child KW - Divorce KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Individuality KW - Learning Disorders KW - Male KW - Personality Development KW - Personality Inventory KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :225 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8556889 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Chase‐Lansdale, P.L.; Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago, 1155 E. 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States N1 - References: Amato, P.R., Booth, A., The consequences of parental divorce and marital unhappiness for adult well‐being (1991) Social Forces, 69, pp. 895-914; Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well‐being: A meta‐analysis (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 43-58; Bank, L., Dishion, T.J., Skinner, M.L., Patterson, G.R., Method variance in structural equation modeling: Living with glop (1990) Aggression and depression in family interactions, pp. 247-279. , G. R. Patterson,. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum; Baydar, N., Effects of parental separation and re‐entry into union on the emotional well‐being of children (1988) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, pp. 967-981; Block, J.H., Block, J., Gjerde, P.F., The personality of children prior to divorce: A prospective study (1986) Child Development, 57, pp. 827-840; Bollen, K.A., (1989) Structural equations with latent variables, , New York:, Wiley; Bowling, A., (1983) Initial analyses with the Malaise Inventory, , (Working Paper No. 2, National Child Development Study User Support Group, Social Statistics Research University, City University, London ); (1987) The fourth follow‐up of the National Child Development Study: An account of the methodology and summary of early findings, , (National Child Development Study Working Paper No. 20, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London ); Carter, H., Glick, P.C., (1976) Marriage and divorce: A social and economic study, , (rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA:, Harvard University Press; Chase‐Lansdale, P.L., Policies for stepfamilies: Crosswalking private and public domains (1994) Stepparent families with children: Who benefits and who does not, pp. 205-216. , A. Booth, J. Dunn,. Hillsdale, NJ, Earlbaum; Chase‐Lansdale, P.L., Hetherington, E.M., The impact of divorce on life‐span development: Short‐ and long‐term effects (1990) Life‐span development and behavior, 10, pp. 105-150. , P. B. Baltes, D. L. Featherman, R. M. Lerner,. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum; Chase‐Lansdale, P.L., Mott, F.L., Brooks‐Gunn, J., Phillips, D.A., Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A unique research opportunity (1991) Developmental Psychology, 23, pp. 918-931; Cherlin, A.J., On analyzing other people's data (1991) Developmental Psychology, 23, pp. 946-948; Cherlin, A.J., Furstenberg, F.F., Jr., Stepfamilies in the United States: A reconsideration (1994) Annual Review of Sociology, 20, pp. 359-381; Cherlin, A.J., Furstenberg, F.F., Jr., Chase‐Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K.E., Robins, P.K., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., Longitudinal studies of the effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389; Cliff, N., Strong inferences and weak data: Covariance structure analysis and its use (1989) Mathematical and theoretical systems, pp. 69-77. , J. A. Keats, R. Taft, R. A. Heath, S. H. Lovibond,. North‐Holland, Elsevier Science Publishers; Cooper, C., Grotevant, H., Condon, S., Individuality and connectedness in the family as a context for adolescent identity formation and role taking‐skill (1983) Adolescent development in the family, pp. 43-60. , H. Grotevant, C. Cooper, (Eds),. San Francisco, Jossey‐Bass; Doherty, W.J., Needle, R.H., Psychological adjustment and substance use among adolescents before and after a parental divorce (1991) Child Development, 62, pp. 328-337; Duncan, G.J., The economic environment of childhood (1991) Children in poverty: Child development and public policy, pp. 23-50. , A. C. Huston,. New York, Cambridge University Press; Elliot, B.J., Richards, M.P.M., Children and divorce: Educational performance and behaviour before and after parental separation (1991) "International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family", pp. 258-276; Emde, R.T., The infant's relationship experience: Developmental and affective aspects (1989) Relationship disturbances in early childhood, pp. 33-51. , A. Sameroff, R. T. Emde,. New York, Basic; Feldman, S.S., Elliott, G.R., (1990) At the threshold: The developing adolescent, , Cambridge, MA:, Harvard University Press; Furstenberg, F.F., Jr., Teitler, J.O., Reconsidering the effects of marital disruption: What happens to children of divorce in early adulthood (1994) Journal of Family Issues, 15, pp. 173-190; Garrett, P., Ferron, J., Ng'andu, N., Bryant, D., Harbin, G., A structural model for the developmental status of young children (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 147-163; Garmezy, N., Resilience in children's adaptation to negative life events and stressed environments (1991) Pediatric Annals, 20, pp. 459-466; Garmezy, N., Rutter, M., (1983) Stress, coping, and development in children, , New York:, McGraw‐Hill; Ghodsian, M., Fogelman, K., Lambert, L., Tibbenham, A., Changes in behavior ratings of a national sample of children (1980) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, pp. 247-256; Glenn, N.D., Kramer, K.B., The psychological well‐being of adult children of divorce (1985) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, pp. 905-912; Glenn, N.D., Kramer, K.B., The marriages and divorces of children of divorce (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 811-825; Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, pp. 170-178; Hauser, S., (1991) Adolescents and their families: Paths of ego development, , New York:, Free Press; Heckman, J., Sample selection as a specification bias (1979) Econometrica, 42, pp. 679-694; Hetherington, E.M., Effects of father absence on personality development on personality development in adolescent daughters (1972) Developmental Psychology, 7, pp. 313-326; Hetherington, E.M., Coping with family transitions: Winners, losers and survivors (1989) Child Development, 60, pp. 1-14; Hetherington, E.M., Clingempeel, W.G., Coping with marital transitions (1992) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57, pp. 2-3. , Serial No. 227; Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M., Cox, R., Long‐term effects of divorce and remarriage on the adjustment of children (1985) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, pp. 518-530; Hirst, M.A., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory (1983) Social Psychiatry, 18, pp. 181-184; Jöreskog, K.G., Sörbom, D., (1989) Lisrel 7 user's reference guide, , Mooresville, IN:, Scientific Software; Keith, V.M., Finlay, B., The impact of parental divorce on children's educational attainment, marital timing, and likelihood of divorce (1988) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, pp. 797-809; Kessler, R.C., Magee, W.J., Childhood adversity and adult depression: Basic patterns of association in a U.S. National Survey (1993) Psychological Medicine, 23, pp. 679-690; Kessler, R.C., Magee, W.J., The disaggregation of vulnerability to depression as a function of determinants of onset and recurrence (1994) Stress and mental health: Contemporary issues and prospects for the future, pp. 239-258. , W. R. Avison, I. H. Gotlib,. New York, Plenum; Kiernan, K.E., Teenage marriage and marital breakdown: A longitudinal study (1986) Population Studies, 40, pp. 35-54; Kiernan, K.E., The British family: Contemporary trends and issues (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9, pp. 298-316; Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-234; Kiernan, K.E., Chase‐Lansdale, P.L., Children and marital breakdown: Short and long‐term consequences (1993) European population. Vol. 2. Demographic dynamics, pp. 295-308. , A. Blum, J‐L. Rallu,. London, Libby; Kulka, R.A., Weingarten, H., The long‐term effects of parental divorce in childhood on adult adjustment (1979) Journal of Social Issues, 35, pp. 54-78; Maccoby, E.E., Family structure and children's adjustment: Is quality of parenting the major mediator? Commentary on (E. M. Hetherington & W. G. Clingempeel), Coping with marital transitions (1992) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57, pp. 230-238. , 2, 3, Serial No. 227; Maddala, G.S., (1983) Limited dependent and qualitative variables in econometrics, , Cambridge:, Cambridge University Press; McGhee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., An evaluation of the Malaise Inventory (1986) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 30, pp. 147-152; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational consequences of marital disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 130-152; McLanahan, S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps, , ? Cambridge, MA:, Harvard University Press; Mueller, C.W., Pope, H., Marital instability: A study of its transmission between generations (1977) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 39, pp. 83-93; Newcomber, S., Udry, J.R., Parental marital status effects on adolescent sexual behavior (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 235-240; Patterson, G., Capaldi, D., A mediational model for boys' depressed mood (1991) Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology, pp. 141-163. , J. Rolf, A. Masten, D. Cichetti, K. Nuechterlein, S. Weintraub,. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Pedhazur, E.J., (1982) Multiple regression in behavioral research, , New York:, Holt; Peterson, J.L., Zill, N., Marital disruption, parent‐child relationships, and behavior problems in children (1986) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, pp. 295-307; Pringle, M.F.K., Southgate group reading tests (1965) The sixth mental measurements yearbook, pp. 812-813. , O. K. Buros,. Highland Park, NJ, Gryphon; Pringle, M.F.K., Butler, N., Davie, R., (1966) 11,000 seven year olds, , London:, Longman; Robins, L.N., Regier, D.A., (1991) Psychiatric disorders in America, , New York:, Free Press; Rutter, M., A children's behavior questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Continuities and discontinuities in socio‐emotional development: Empirical and conceptual perspectives (1984) Continuities and discontinuities in development, pp. 41-68. , R. Emde, R. Harmon,. New York, Plenum; Rutter, M., Pathways from childhood to adult life (1989) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, pp. 23-51; Rutter, M., Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in serious parenting difficulties (1989) Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect, pp. 317-348. , D. Cicchetti, V. Carlson,. New York, Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health, and behavior, , London:, Longman; Sameroff, A.J., Seifer, R., Barocas, R., Zax, M., Greenspan, S., Intelligence quotient scores of 4‐year‐old children: Social‐environmental factors (1987) Pediatrics, 79, pp. 343-350; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An introduction to the background of the study and the methods of data collection, , (Working Paper No. 1, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London ); Southgate, V., (1962) Southgate group reading tests: Manual of instructions, , London:, University of London; Sroufe, L.A., Considering normal and abnormal together: The essence of developmental psychopathology (1990) Development and Psychopathology, 2, pp. 335-348; Stolzenberg, R.M., Relles, D.A., Theory testing in a world of constrained research design: The significance of Heckman's censored sampling bias correction for nonexperimental research (1990) Sociological Methods & Research, 18, pp. 395-415; Stott, D.H., (1969) The social adjustment of children, , London:, University of London Press; Thornton, A., Influence of marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitational experiences of children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 86, pp. 868-894; Wallerstein, J.S., Blakeslee, S., (1989) Second chances, , New York:, Tricknor & Fields; Weissman, M.M., Advances in psychiatric epidemiology: Rates and risks for major depression (1987) American Journal of Public Health, 77, pp. 445-451; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1982) Vulnerable but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth, , New York:, McGraw‐Hill; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1992) Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood, , New York:, Cornell University Press; Zill, N., Behavior, achievement, and health problems among children in stepfamilies: Findings from a national survey of child health (1988) The impact of divorce, single parenting, and stepparenting on children, pp. 325-368. , E. M. Hetherington, J. D. Arasteh,. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum; Zill, N., Morrison, D.R., Coiro, M.J., Long‐term effects of parental divorce on parent‐child relationships, adjustment, and achievement in young adulthood (1993) Journal of Family Psychology, 7, pp. 91-103 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029438108&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-8624.1995.tb00955.x&partnerID=40&md5=05d2d5ba2f63b121a5cf7ebec5550d82 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness. Obstetric complications T2 - British Journal of Psychiatry J2 - BR. J. PSYCHIATRY VL - 166 IS - JUNE SP - 734 EP - 741 PY - 1995 SN - 00071250 (ISSN) AU - Sacker, A. AU - Done, D.J. AU - Crow, T.J. AU - Golding, J. AD - Psychology Division, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, United Kingdom AB - Background. This exploratory study seeks to generate new hypotheses about the relationship between obstetric complications and schizophrenia. Method. The British Perinatal Mortality Survey represents 98% of all births during one week in March 1958 in Great Britain. Present State Examination (PSE), Catego diagnoses of narrowly defined schizophrenia (n = 49), broadly defined schizophrenia (n = 79), affective psychosis (n = 44) and neurosis (n = 93) were derived from case notes for all cohort members. The remainder of the cohort, surviving the perinatal period, acted as controls (n = 16812). Variables in the British Perinatal Mortality Survey were grouped into five categories: the physique/lifestyle of the mother (including demographic characteristics), her obstetric history, the current pregnancy, the delivery and the condition of the baby. Results. There were 7/17 significant differences in maternal physique/lifestyle and obstetric history between the births of schizophrenics and controls, compared to 4/40 comparisons of somatic variables relating to pregnancy, birth and the condition of the baby. This compares with 4/17 and 7/40 for affective psychotics and a total of 4/57 differences for all categories of variables when neurotics were contrasted with controls. Conclusions. The purported increased risk of obstetric complications in schizophrenics may result from the physique/lifestyle of their mothers. KW - adult KW - affective neurosis KW - article KW - female KW - human KW - lifestyle KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - obstetrics KW - pregnancy KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - Affective Disorders, Psychotic KW - Brain Damage, Chronic KW - Child of Impaired Parents KW - Cohort Studies KW - Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Labor Complications KW - Life Style KW - Male KW - Neurotic Disorders KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Schizophrenic Psychology KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :89 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJPYA C2 - 7663821 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Done, D.J.; Psychology Division, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029130301&partnerID=40&md5=fd12224967f3053fe849e62378809ad0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extremity of Externalizing Behavior and Young Adult Outcomes T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 617 EP - 632 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb02317.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Farmer, E.M.Z. AD - University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Box 3454, Durham, North Carolina, 27710–3454, United States AB - Abstract Data from the National Child Development Study were used to explore the relationship between extremity of externalizing behavior problems during childhood and employment‐related outcomes in young adulthood. Analyses focused on four heuristic dimensions of extremity (age at onset, density, persistence, and pervasiveness) and three outcomes (school‐leaving age, level of qualifications at labor force entry, and social class of job al age 23). Persistence was associated with the most substantial deficits across all outcomes, and temporal proximity was more influential than early onset. The data suggest that school‐based and home‐based situational behavior problems should not be combined into a single nonpervasive category. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - Behavior problems KW - externalizing KW - extremity KW - young adult outcomes KW - academic achievement KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - child development KW - disease classification KW - education KW - employment KW - human KW - onset age KW - school child KW - social class KW - Adolescent KW - Age of Onset KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Comparative Study KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Human KW - Male KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7650086 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Farmer, E.M.Z.; University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Box 3454, Durham, North Carolina, 27710–3454, United States N1 - References: Caspi, A., Elder, G.H., Bern, D.J., Moving against the world: life‐course patterns of explosive children (1987) Developmental Psychology, 23, pp. 308-313; Caspi, A., Elder, G.H., Herbener, E.S., Childhood personality and the prediction of life‐course patterns (1990) Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood, pp. 13-35. , M. Rutter, L. Robins, (Eds).,. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Costello, E.J., Loeber, R., Stouthamer‐Loeber, M., Pervasive and situational hyperactivity–confounding effect of informant: a research note (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry., 32, pp. 367-376; Fanner, E.M.Z., Externalizing behavior in the life course: the transition from school to work (1993) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1, pp. 179-188; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London:, MacMillan; Klerman, G.L., Psychiatric diagnostic categories: issues of validity and measurement (1989) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, pp. 26-32; Loeber, R., The stability of antisocial and delinquent child behavior: a review (1982) Child Development, 53, pp. 1431-1446; McGee, R., Silva, P.A., Williams, S., Behaviour problems in a population of seven‐year‐old children: prevalence, stability and types of disorder—a research report (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 251-259; Mirowsky, J., Ross, C.E., Psychiatric diagnosis as reified measurement (1989) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, pp. 11-25; Mitchell, S., Rosa, P., Boyhood behaviour problems as precursors of criminality: A fifteen‐year follow‐up study (1981) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, pp. 19-33; Robins, L.N., (1966) Deviant children grown up, , Baltimore:, The Williams and Wilkins Company; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1981) Education, Health, and Behaviour, , Huntington, New York:, R. E. Krieger Publishing Company; Schachar, R., Rutter, M., Smith, A., The characteristics of situationally and pervasively hyperactive children: implications for syndrome definition (1981) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, pp. 375-392; Stott, D.H., (1960) The social adjustment of children: Manual to the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides, , London:, University of London Press; Swartz, M., Carroll, B., Blazer, D., In response to “Psychiatric diagnosis as reified measurement” (1989) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, pp. 33-34; Tweed, D.L., George, L.K., Amore balanced perspective on “Psychiatric diagnosis as reified measurement (1989) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, pp. 35-37 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029034526&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.1995.tb02317.x&partnerID=40&md5=7f0855b1e49573c97a6445f822c7c1de ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cancer incidence after radiotherapy for skin haemangioma during infancy T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 735 EP - 740 PY - 1995 DO - 10.3109/02841869509127180 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Lindberg, S. AU - Karlsson, P. AU - Arvidsson, B. AU - Holmberg, E. AU - Lundberg, L.M. AU - Wallgren, A. AD - Department of Oncology and Radiation Physics, The Oncological Centre, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden AB - An infant cohort treated for skin haemangioma with 226Ra between 1930 and 1965 (n = 11 807) was studied. The median age at treatment was 5 months and 88% were treated before 12 months of age. This cohort was followed up in the Swedish Cancer Registry during the years 1958 to 1989, giving 370 517 person-years at risk. A total number of 248 malignancies have been observed and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.21 (confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.06-1.37). Significantly increased numbers of cancers were found in the central nervous system, 34 cases (SIR = 1.85, CI 95% 1.28-2.59), the thyroid, 15 cases (SIR = 1.88, CI 95% 1.05-3.09) and other endocrine glands, 23 cases (SIR = 2.58, CI 95% 1.64-3.87). The absorbed dose in 11 specified risk organs has been estimated using a phantom of the size of a 5-6-month-old child. The mean absorbed dose in the thyroid was 0.12 Gy and the excess relative risk (ERR) for thyroid cancer was 7.5 per Gy (CI 95% 0.4-18.1). The mean dose in the central nervous system was 0.077 Gy and the ERR for brain tumours was 10.9 per Gy (CI 95% 3.7-20.5). This cohort gives a unique opportunity to analyse long-term effects of low-dose irradiation during infancy. ©1995 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - radium KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer incidence KW - central nervous system tumor KW - child KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - low energy radiation KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - radiation carcinogenesis KW - skin hemangioma KW - thyroid cancer KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Brain Neoplasms KW - Central Nervous System Neoplasms KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Endocrine Gland Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Hemangioma KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced KW - Radiotherapy KW - Radiotherapy Dosage KW - Radium KW - Registries KW - Risk KW - Skin Neoplasms KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Sweden KW - Thyroid Neoplasms PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :86 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 7576739 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Karlsson, P.; Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45, Goteborg, Sweden N1 - Chemicals/CAS: radium, 7440-14-4; Radium, 7440-14-4 N1 - References: Lindberg, S., Arvidsson, B., Holmberg, E., Lundberg, L.M., Late somatic and genetic effects studied in more than 10 000 individuals treated as infants with Ra‐226 for haemangioma. (Abstract). Third Annual Meeting, European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (1984) Jerusalem, Sept 9–15, 253; Lundberg, L.M., (1983) Strålbehandling till spädbarn som fått radiumbehandling för medfödda hemangiom, , Rapport RADFYS 83:04–Göteborg: Radiofysiska institutionen, Sahlgrenska sjukhuset (in Swedish); Fürst, C.J., Lundell, M., Holm, L.E., Radiation therapy of haemangiomas, 1909–1959. A cohort based on 50 years of clinical practice at Radiumhemmet, Stockholm (1987) Acta Oncol, 26, pp. 33-36; Fürst, C.J., Lundell, M., Holm, L.E., Silfverswärd, C., Cancer incidence after radiotherapy for skin hemangioma: A retrospective cohort study in Sweden (1988) JNCI, 80, pp. 1387-1392; World Health Organization, ICD‐7 (1955) International classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death, , revision. 1957; UNSCEAR (1994) Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, Annex A. Report to the General Assembly, with Annexes, , United Nations, New York; Strandqvist, M., Radium treatment of cutaneous cavernous haemangiomas, using surface application of radium tubes in glass capsules (1939) Acta Radiol, 20, pp. 185-211; Thoraeus, R., Description of radium containers used for therapy at Radiumhemmet (1929) Acta Radiol, 10, pp. 65-71; Lister, W.A., The natural history of strawberry naevi (1938) Lancet, 1, pp. 1429-1434; Lindner, H., Atzinger, A., Zur Strahlentherapie der blastomatösen Hämangiome (1982) Therapiewoche, 32, pp. 4880-4885; Dutton, S.C., Plowman, P.N., (1991) Pediatric haemangiomas: The role of radiotherapy Br J Radiol, 64, pp. 261-269; The International Commission on Radiological Protection: Risks associated with ionising radiation (1991) Annals of the ICRP, 22; Lundell, M., Hakulinen, T., Holm, L.E., Thyroid cancer after radiotherapy for skin hemangioma in infancy (1994) Radiat Res, 140, pp. 334-339; Shore, R.E., Hildreth, N., Dvoretsky, P., Andresen, E., Moseson, M., Pasternak, B., Thyroid cancer among persons given x‐ray treatment in infancy for an enlarged thymus gland (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 137, pp. 1068-1080; Lundell, M., Estimates of absorbed dose in different organs in children treated with radium for skin haemangiomas (1994) Radiat Res, 140, pp. 327-333; Ron, E., Modan, B., Boice, J.D., Tumours of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in childhood (1988) N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1033-1039; Gorlin, R.J., Cohen, M.M., Condon, L.M., Burke, B.A., Bannayan‐Riley‐Ruvalcaba syndrome (1992) Am J Med Genet, 44, pp. 307-314; Satya‐Murti, S., Navada, S., Eames, F., Central nervous system involvement in blue‐rubber‐bleb‐nevus syndrome (1986) Arch Neurol, 43, pp. 1184-1186 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028861901&doi=10.3109%2f02841869509127180&partnerID=40&md5=6593e8b18081cf334d658fef290a65e8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk of solid tumors after irradiation in infancy T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 727 EP - 734 PY - 1995 DO - 10.3109/02841869509127179 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Lundell, M. AU - Holm, L.-E. AD - Department of Hospital Physics, Department of General Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital and National Institute of Public Health, Stockholm, Sweden AB - Cancer incidence was studied in 14 351 subjects exposed to ionizing radiation for skin hemangioma at the Radiumhemmet, 1920-1959. Record-linkage was done with the Swedish Cancer Registry for the period 1958-1986. After a mean follow-up of 39 years, 300 cancers were observed and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.24). The absorbed dose to different organs varied from <0.01 Gy to > 40 Gy. The thyroid cancer incidence was significantly increased (SIR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.33-3.65) and for cancer of the breast SIR was 1.24 (95% CI 0.98-1.54). Regarding pancreatic cancer and tumors of the endocrine glands the statistically significantly increased SIRs were based on a small number of cases and might therefore only be a coincidence. No confirmed increased incidence could be established for other cancer sites. ©1995 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - adult KW - article KW - breast cancer KW - cancer risk KW - child KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - pancreas cancer KW - priority journal KW - radiation carcinogenesis KW - skin hemangioma KW - thyroid cancer KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Endocrine Gland Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Hemangioma KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms KW - Radiotherapy KW - Radiotherapy Dosage KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Skin Neoplasms KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Sweden KW - Thyroid Neoplasms PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :30 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 7576738 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lundell, M.; Department of Hospital Physics, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden N1 - References: Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (1990) Annuals of the ICRP, 21. , ICRP Publication 60. Pergamon Press, Oxford No. 1–3; Fürst, C.J., Lundell, M., Holm, L.-E., Silfverswärd, C., Cancer incidence after radiotherapy for skin hemangioma: A retrospective cohort study in Sweden (1988) J Natl Cancer Inst, 80, pp. 1387-1392; Hildreth, N., Shore, R., Hempelmann, L., Rosenstein, M., Risk of extrathyroid tumors following radiation treatment in infancy for thymic enlargement (1985) Radiat Res, 102, pp. 378-391; Ron, E., Modan, B., Boice, J.D., Jr., Mortality after radiotherapy for ringworm of the scalp (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 127, pp. 713-725; Schneider, A.B., Ron, E., Lubin, J., Stovall, M., Gierlowski, T.C., Dose‐response relationships for radiation‐induced thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules: Evidence for the prolonged effects of radiation on the thyroid (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 77, pp. 362-369; Shore, R., Albert, R., Pasternack, B., Follow‐up study of patients treated by X‐ray epilation for tinea capitis (1976) Arch Environment Health, 31, pp. 17-24; Thompson, D., Mabuchi, K., Ron, E., Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958–1987 (1994) Radiat Res, 137, pp. S17-S67; de Vataire, F., Fragu, P., François, P., Long‐term effects on the thyroid of irradiation for skin angiomas in childhood (1993) Radiat Res, 133, pp. 381-386; Lundell, M., Estimates of absorbed dose in different organs in children treated with radium for skin hemangiomas (1994) Radiat Res, 140, pp. 327-333; Fürst, C.J., Lundell, M., Holm, L.-E., Radiation therapy of hemangiomas, 1909–1959 (1987) Acta Oncol, 26, pp. 33-36; Strandqvist, M., A new technique and dosage system for gamma ray therapy in surface application of radium (1939) Acta Radiol, 20, pp. 1-15; Sinclair, W.K., Blondal, H., P32 beta sources for superficial therapy (1952) Br J Radiol, XXV, pp. 360-368; Lundell, M., Fürst, C.J., Hedlund, B., Holm, L.-E., Radium treatment for hemangioma in early childhood. Reconstruction and dosimetry of treatments (1990) Acta Oncol, 29, pp. 551-556; Lundell, M., Hakulinen, T., Holm, L.-E., Thyroid cancer after radiotherapy for skin hemangioma in infancy (1994) Radiat Res, 140, pp. 334-339; Lundell, M., (1995) Carcinogenic effects of low dose irradiation in early childhood. A dosimetric and epidemiologic study (Dissertation), , Karolinska Institute, Stockholm; Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (1990) Health risks of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation (BEIR V), , Natl Acad Press, Washington, DC; United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (1994) 1994 Report to the General Assembly, with annexes, Epidemiological studies of radiation carcinogenesis, , United Nations, New York; Pierce, D.A., Preston, D.L., Joint analysis of site‐specific cancer risks for the atomic bomb survivors (1993) Radiat Res, 134, pp. 134-142; Shore, R., Albert, R., Reed, M., Harley, N., Pasternack, B., Skin cancer incidence among children irradiated for ringworm of the scalp (1984) Radiat Res, 100, pp. 192-204; Ron, E., Modan, B., Preston, D., Alfandary, E., Stovall, M., Boice, J., Radiation‐induced skin carcinomas of the head and neck (1991) Radiat Res, 125, pp. 318-325; Ron, E., Modan, B., Boice, J., Tumors of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in childhood (1988) N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1033-1039; Lindberg, S., Arvidsson, B., Holmberg, E., Lundberg, L.-M., Late somatic and genetic effects studied in more than 10 000 individuals treated as infants with Ra‐226 for hemangioma (Abstract) (1984), Third Annual Meeting of ESTRO, Jerusalem; Tisell, L.-E., Carlsson, S., Fjälling, M., Hyperparathyroidism subsequent to neck irradiation. Risk factors (1985) Cancer, 56, pp. 1529-1533; Fujiwara, S., Sposto, R., Ezaki, H., Hyperparathyroidism among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima (1992) Radiat Res, 130, pp. 372-378 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028787584&doi=10.3109%2f02841869509127179&partnerID=40&md5=8e848eb4266bdff073e8505fe18e8dd2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antepartum surveillance for a history of stillbirth: When to begin? T2 - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology J2 - Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. VL - 172 IS - 2 PART 1 SP - 486 EP - 492 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90561-8 SN - 00029378 (ISSN) AU - Weeks, J.W. AU - Asrat, T. AU - Morgan, M.A. AU - Nageotte, M. AU - Thomas, S.J. AU - Freeman, R.K. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States AD - Division of Perinatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States AB - OBJECTIVE: A history of stillborth is universally accepted as an indication for antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Our goal was to examine when fetal testing should begin in an otherwise healthy patient with a history of stillbirth. STUDY DESIGN: This is a nonconcurrent cohort study of patients who were seen for antepartum surveillance from January 1979 to December 1991 with a history of stillbirth as the only indication for testing. Subsequent pregnancies were evaluated for adverse outcomes and abnormal antepartum test results. RESULTS: There was one case of recurrent stillbirth among the 300 study patients. Nineteen patients (6.4%) had one or more positive antepartum surveillance tests (positive contraction stress test or biophysical profile ≤4). Three patients (1%) had positive tests before 32 weeks, all of whom were subsequently delivered without incident at term. Three patients were delivered for positive tests at <36 weeks, one by cesarean section for fetal distress. We could not detect a relationship between the gestational age of the previous stillborn and the incidence of abnormal tests or fetal distress in subsequent pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Antepartum surveillance should begin at ≥32 weeks in the healthy pregnant woman with a history of stillbirth. © 1995. KW - antepartum surveillance KW - fetal heart rate testing KW - fetal monitoring KW - Stillbirth KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - fetus KW - fetus heart rate KW - fetus monitoring KW - gestational age KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - stillbirth KW - Algorithms KW - Cardiotocography KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Fetal Distress KW - Gestational Age KW - Human KW - Placental Insufficiency KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy Trimester, Third KW - Prenatal Care KW - Recurrence N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJOGA C2 - 7856674 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Weeks, J.W.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States N1 - References: Butler, Bongam, (1963) Perinatal mortality: the first report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, pp. 32-37. , Livinston, Edinburgh; Niswander, Gordon, (1972) Collaborative prenatal study opf the National Institute of Neurologic Disease and Stroke: the women and their pregnancies, , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, DHEW publication no (NIII) 73-379; Freeman, Dorchester, Anderson, Garite, The significance of a previous stillbirth (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 151, pp. 7-13; Freeman, Garite, Nagcotte, (1991) Fetal heart rate monitoring, p. 158. , 2nd ed., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore; Lagrew, Pircon, Towers, Dorchester, Freeman, Antepartum fetal surveillance in patients with diabetes: when to start (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 168, pp. 1820-1826; Pircon, Lagrew, Towers, Dorchester, Gocke, Freeman, Antepartum testing in the hypertensive patient: when to begin (1991) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 164, pp. 1563-1570; Williams, Creasy, Cunningham, Hawes, Norris, Tashiro, Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California (1982) Obstet Gynecol, 59, pp. 624-632; Lammer, Brown, Anderka, Guyer, Classification and analysis of fetal deaths in Massachusetts (1989) JAMA, 261, pp. 1757-1762; Morrison, Olsen, (1985) Weight-specific stillbirths and associated causes of death: an analysis of 765 stillbirths, 152, pp. 975-980; Eden, Seifer, Kodack, A modified biophysical profile for antenatal fetal surveillance (1988) Obstet Gynecol, 71, p. 365; Clark, Sabey, Jolley, Nonstress testing with acoustic stimulation and amniotic fluid volume assessment: 5973 tests without unexpected fetal death (1989) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 160, pp. 694-697; Phelan, Smith, Broussard, Small, Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36–42 weeks gestation (1987) J Reprod Med, 52, pp. 540-542; Dean, Dean, Burton, Dicker, (1990) Epi Info, version 5: a word processing, database, and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers, , USD, Inc, Stone Mountain, Georgia; Carlan, Gore, VanMeter, Mastrogiannis, A longitudinal study evaluating the effect of gestational age on antenatal assessment tests (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 166, p. 412. , (suppl); Moore, Piacquadio, (1989) A prospective evaluation of fetal movement screening to reduce the incidence of antepartum fetal death, 160, pp. 1075-1080; Manning, Morrison, Lange, Harman, (1987) Fetal biophysical profile scoring: selective use of the nonstress test, 156, pp. 709-712; Cunningham, MacDonald, Gant, Leveno, Gilstrap, (1993) Williams' obstetrics, pp. 5-6. , 19th ed, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Connecticut UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028907006&doi=10.1016%2f0002-9378%2895%2990561-8&partnerID=40&md5=6dfd8df3b1a683758d89b8fe5ebf32ba ER - TY - JOUR TI - Governance and good government: policy and implementation in the South Pacific T2 - Governance and good government: policy and implementation in the South Pacific PY - 1995 SN - 0731519604 (ISBN) AB - Contains background papers to a workshop jointly organised by the NCDS and the British Overseas Development Administration to explore the interactions between development and politics in the region. The papers examine governance in the South Pacific from an economist's perspective (R. Duncan); a caution about formal approaches to governance in Pacific island countries (T. Hughes); and governance in Oceania (B. Macdonald). There is a bibliography of recent literature, extending beyond the Pacific in scope. -M.Amos KW - economic development KW - governance KW - politics KW - Pacific, (South) PB - National Centre for Development Studies, Australian National University N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 DB - Scopus LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028810558&partnerID=40&md5=55eb1d3d41d7205b6f4b96634745598d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increased risk of second primary malignancies in patients with gynecological cancer: A swedish record-linkage study T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 771 EP - 777 PY - 1995 DO - 10.3109/02841869509127185 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Bergfeldt, K. AU - Einhorn, S. AU - Rosendahl, I. AU - Hall, P. AD - Department of General Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Gynecological Oncology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AD - Department of Oncologic Centre, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AB - The Stockholm-Gotland Cancer Register was used to study the risk of developing second primary malignancies (SPM) in women diagnosed with cancer of the uterine cervix, uterine corpus and ovaries during the period 1958-1992. Among 5 325 patients with uterine cervix cancer, 619 developed SPM. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.39). Significantly increased risks were observed for cancer of the colon, rectum, lung, vulva, kidney and bladder. A total of 4 815 women with uterine corpus cancer were followed and 660 SPM were found. The overall SIR was 1.21 (95% CI 1.12-1.30) with significantly increased risk for cancer of the colon, ovary, vulva and bladder. The incidence of leukemia was also significantly elevated (SIR = 3.03; 95% CI 1.70-5.00). Among 5060 patients with ovarian cancer, 379 SPM were found (SIR 1.49; 95% CI 1.34-1.64). Increased risks of cancer of the colon, rectum, breast, uterine corpus, bladder and leukemia were observed. All three primary sites showed elevated risks of cancer of the colon and bladder. For patients with a primary cancer of the corpus and ovary an elevated risk of leukemia was also noted. The conclusion from these findings is that SPM to some extent can be explained by previously known factors, i.e. treatment and common risk factors. However, further studies concerning the role of common etiology, for instance hereditary and hormonal factors, are needed to increase the knowledge on the etiology of second primary malignancies. ©1995 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer risk KW - controlled study KW - digestive system cancer KW - female KW - gynecologic cancer KW - human KW - leukemia KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - second cancer KW - urinary tract cancer KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Bladder Neoplasms KW - Cervix Neoplasms KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Colonic Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Kidney Neoplasms KW - Leukemia KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Medical Record Linkage KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary KW - Ovarian Neoplasms KW - Rectal Neoplasms KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Sweden KW - Uterine Neoplasms KW - Vulvar Neoplasms PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :43 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 7576744 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bergfeldt, K.; Department of Gynecological, Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, P.O. Box 100, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden N1 - References: Curtis, R.E., Boice, J.D., Jr., Kleinerman, R.A., Flannery, J.T., Fraumeni, J.F., Jr., Summary: Multiple primary cancers in Connecticut, 1935–82 (1985) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 68, pp. 219-242; Curtis, R.E., Hoover, R.N., Kleinerman, R.A., Harvey, E.B., Second cancer following cancer of the female genital system in Connecticut, 1935–82 (1985) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 68, pp. 113-119; Storm, H.H., Ewertz, M., Second cancer following cancer of the female genital system in Denmark, 1943–80 (1985) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 68, pp. 331-340; Kaldor, J., Second cancer following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. An epidemiological perspective (1990) Acta Oncol, 29, pp. 647-655; United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (1994) Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. UNSCEAR 1994 Report to the General Assembly, with scientific annexes, , United Nations, New York; Schuman, L.M., Introduction and summary (1979) Smoking and health. A report of the Surgeon General, pp. 5-35. , J M Pinney. DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79–50066, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service, Washington, DC; Baron, J.A., Byers, T., Greenberg, E.R., Cummings, K.M., Swanson, M., Cigarette smoking in women with cancers of the breast and reproductive organs (1986) J Natl Cancer Inst, 77, pp. 677-680; Miki, Y., Swensen, J., Shattuck‐Eidens, D., A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCAI (1994) Science, 266, pp. 66-71; Mattsson, B., Wallgren, A., Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register. Non‐notified cancer cases recorded on death certificates in 1978 (1984) Acta Radiol Oncol, 23, pp. 305-313; (1957) International classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death (ICD‐7), 1955 revision, , World Health Organization, Geneva; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume II—The design and analysis of cohort studies, , International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Boffetta, P., Kaldor, J.M., Secondary malignancies following cancer chemotherapy (1994) Acta Oncol, 33, pp. 591-598; Schoen, R.E., Weissfeld, J.L., Kuller, L.H., Are women with breast, endometrial, or ovarian cancer at increased risk for colorectal cancer? (1994) Am J Gastroenterol, 89, pp. 835-842; Lynch, H.T., Lynch, J.F., Hereditary ovarian carcinoma (1992) Hema‐tol Oncol Clin North Am, 6, pp. 783-811; Pross, H.F., Baines, M.G., Spontaneous human lymphocytemediated cytotoxicity against tumour target cells. I. The effect of malignant disease (1976) Int J Cancer, 18, pp. 593-604; Brusamolino, E., Pagnucco, G., Bernasconi, C., Secondary lymphomas. A review of lymphoproliferative diseases arising in immunocompromized hosts: Prevalence, clinical features and pathogenetic mechanisms (1989) Haematologica, 74, pp. 605-622; Mabuchi, K., Bross, D.S., Kessler, I.I., Epidemiology of cancer of the vulva. A case‐control study (1985) Cancer, 55, pp. 1843-1848; Pettersson, F., Ryberg, M., Malker, B., Second primary cancer after treatment of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix, compared with those rising after treatment for in situ carcinomas (1990) An effect of irradiation? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 69, pp. 161-174; Day, N.E., Boice, J.D., Jr., Summary chapter (1983) Second cancer in relation to radiation treatment for cervical cancer, pp. 137-181. , N E Day, J D Boice. IARC Scientific Publication No. 52, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Boice, J.D., Jr., Day, N.E., Andersen, A., Cancer risk following radiotherapy of cervical cancer: A preliminary report (1984) Radiation carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and biological significance, pp. 161-179. , J D Boice, Jr., J F Fraumeni, Jr. Raven Press, New York; Pettersson, F., Fotiou, S., Einhorn, N., Silfverswärd, C., Cohort study of the long‐term effect of irradiation for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Second primary malignancies in the pelvic organs in women irradiated for cervical carcinoma at Radiumhemmet 1914–1965 (1985) Acta Radiol Oncol, 24, pp. 145-151; zur Hausen, H., Papillomaviruses in anogenital cancer as a model to understand the role of viruses in human cancers (1989) Cancer Res, 49, pp. 4677-4681; Malker, B., Pettersson, F., Second primary cancers after treatment for cervical cancer. A study of 58 731 Swedish women with invasive or in‐situ cancer (1983) Second cancer in relation to radiation treatment for cervical cancer, pp. 87-96. , N E Day, J D Boice, Jr. IARC Scientific Publications No. 52, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Arai, T., Nakano, T., Fukuhisa, K., Second cancer after radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix (1991) Cancer, 67, pp. 398-405; Bailar, J.C., III, The incidence of independent tumors among uterine cancer patients (1963) Cancer, 16, pp. 842-853; Buchler, D.A., Multiple primaries and gynecologic malignancies (1975) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 123, pp. 376-381; Annegers, J.F., Malkasian, G.D., Jr., Patterns of other neoplasia in patients with endometrial carcinoma (1981) Cancer, 48, pp. 856-859; Ewertz, M., Storm, H.H., Multiple primary cancers of the breast, endometrium and ovary (1989) Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol, 25, pp. 1927-1932; Franceschi, S., Reproductive factors and cancers of the breast, ovary and endometrium (1989) Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol, 25, pp. 1933-1943; Vongtama, V., Kurohara, S.S., Badib, A.O., Webster, J.H., Second primary cancers of endometrial carcinoma (1970) Cancer, 26, pp. 842-846; Curtis, R.E., Boice, J.D., Jr., Stovall, M., Relationship of leukemia risk to radiation dose following cancer of the uterine corpus (1994) J Natl Cancer Inst, 86, pp. 1315-1324; Nori, D., Merimsky, O., Batata, M., Caputo, T., Postoperative high dose‐rate intravaginal brachytherapy combined with external irradiation for early stage endometrial cancer: A longterm follow‐up (1994) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 30, pp. 831-837; Reimer, R.R., Hoover, R., Fraumeni, J.F., Jr., Young, R.C., Second primary neoplasms following ovarian cancer (1978) J Natl Cancer Inst, 61, pp. 1195-1197; Prior, P., Pope, D.J., Subsequent primary cancers in relation to treatment of ovarian cancer (1989) Br J Cancer, 59, pp. 453-459; Shah, S., Evans, D.G.R., Blair, V., Burnell, L.D., Birch, J.M., Assessment of relative risk of second primary tumors after ovarian cancer and of the usefulness of double primary cases as a source of material for genetic studies with a cancer registry (1993) Cancer, 72, pp. 819-827; Kaldor, J.M., Day, N.E., Band, P., Second malignancies following testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease: An international collaborative study among cancer registries (1987) Int J Cancer, 39, pp. 571-585; Einhorn, N., Acute leukemia after chemotherapy (melphalan) (1978) Cancer, 41, pp. 444-447; Einhorn, N., Eklund, G., Franzén, S., Lambert, B., Lindsten, J., Söderhäll, S., Late side effects of chemotherapy in ovarian carcinoma. A cytogenetic, hematologic, and statistical study (1982) Cancer, 49, pp. 2234-2241; Kaldor, J.M., Day, N.E., Pettersson, F., Leukemia following chemotherapy for ovarian cancer (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 1-6 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028842450&doi=10.3109%2f02841869509127185&partnerID=40&md5=9e9d0d5c367f95d1ec682eb7519dca61 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Annotation: Long‐Term Outcomes of Developmental Reading Problems T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 357 EP - 371 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01296.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Maughan, B. AD - Mrc Child Psychiatry Unit., Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park., London, SES 8AF, United Kingdom KW - developmental KW - Longitudinal KW - reading problems KW - academic achievement KW - adjustment KW - antisocial behavior KW - child development KW - cognition KW - developmental disorder KW - dyslexia KW - human KW - medical literature KW - occupation KW - prognosis KW - review KW - school KW - skill KW - wellbeing KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dyslexia KW - Education, Special KW - England KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Personality Development KW - Quality of Life KW - Rehabilitation, Vocational KW - Self Concept KW - Social Adjustment N1 - Cited By :82 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7782402 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Maughan, B.; Mrc Child Psychiatry Unit., Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park., London, SES 8AF, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1987) Literary, numeracy and adults: evidence from the National Child Development Study, , ALBSU, London; Badian, N.A., The prediction of good and poor reading before Kindergarten entry: A nine‐ year follow‐up (1988) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21, pp. 98-423; Balow, B., Blomquist, M., Young adults ten to fifteen years after reading disability (1965) The Elementary School Journal, 66, pp. 44-48; Brier, N., The relationship between learning disability and delinquency: a review and reappraisal (1989) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, pp. 546-553; Bruck, M., The adult functioning of children with specific learning disability: a follow‐up study (1985) Advances in applied, developmental psychology, pp. 91-129. , L Siegel,. Norwood, NJ ;, Ablex; Bruck, M., Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits (1992) Developmental Psychology, 28, pp. 874-886; Bryan, J.H., Bryan, T., Social factors in learning disabilities: attitudes and interactions (1990) Perspectives on Dyslexia, 2, pp. 247-281. , G. Th. Pavlidis,. London, John Wiley; Chapman, J.W., Lambourne, R., Silva, P.A., Some antecedents of academic self‐concept: a longitudinal study (1990) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, pp. 142-152; Cornwell, A., Bawden, H.N., Reading disabilities and aggression: a critical review (1992) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25, pp. 281-288; Decker, S.N., Cognitive, processing rates among disabled and normal reading adults: a nine‐year follow‐up study (1989) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2, pp. 123-134; DeBaryshe, B.D., Patterson, G.R., Capaldi, D.M., A performance model for academic achievement in early adolescent boys (1993) Developmental Psychology, 29, pp. 795-804; DeFries, J.C., Colorado Reading Project: longitudinal analyses (1988) Annals of Dyslexia, 38, pp. 120-130; DeFries, J.C., Baker, I.A., Colorado Family Reading Study: longitudinal analyses (1983) Annals of Dyslexia, 33, pp. 153-162; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., (1994) The bask skills of young adults, , London:, ALBSU; Finucci, J.M., Follow‐up studies of developmental dyslexia and other learning disabilities (1986) Genetics and learning disabilitis, pp. 97-121. , S. D. Smith, (Ed),. Philadelphia, Taylor and Francis; Finucci, J.M., Gottfredson, L.S., Childs, B., A follow‐up study of dyslexic boys (1985) Annuls of Dyslexia, 35, pp. 117-136; Frick, P.J., Kampaus, R.W., Lahey, B.B., Loeber, R., Christ, M.A.G., Hart, E.L., Tannenbaum, L.E., Academic underachievement and the disruptive behavior disorders (1991) Journal of consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, pp. 289-294; Gold, P.C., Johnson, J., Prediction of achievement in reading, self‐esteem, auding, and verbal language by adult illiterates in a psychoeducational tutorial program (1982) Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, pp. 513-522; Goswami, U., Bryant, F., (1990), Phonological skills and teaching to read. London; Lawrence Erlbaum, Associates; Hagell, A., (1992) The social psychology of illiteracy: an attributional perspective, , Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of London; Hatcher, P.J., Hulme, C., Ellis, A.W., Ameliorating early reading failure by integrating the teaching of reading and phonological skills: the phonological linkage hypothesis (1994) Child Development, 65, pp. 41-57; Hawkins, J.D., Lishner, D.M., Schooling and delinquency (1987) Handbook on crime and delinquency prevention, , E. H. Johnson, 179, 121, New York, Greenwood Press; Herjanic, B.M., Penick, E.C., Adult outcomes of disabled child readers (1972) The Journal of special Education, 6, pp. 397-410; Hill, J., Harrington, R., Fudge, H., Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Adult Functioning Assessment (APFA). An Investigator‐based standardised interview (1989) British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 24-35; Hinshaw, Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: causal relationships and underlying mechanisms (1992) Psychological Bulletin, 111, pp. 127-155; Hirschi, T., Hindelag, M.J., Intelligence and delinquency: a revisionist review (1977) American Sociological Review, 42, pp. 571-587; Horn, W.F., O'Donnell, J.P., Vitulano, L.A., Long‐term follow up studies of learning (disabled persons (1983) journal of Learning Disabilities, 16, pp. 542-555; Hulme, C., Snowling, M., Deficits in output phonology: an explanation of reading failure? (1992) Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9, pp. 47-72; Huntington, D.D., Bender, W.D., Adolescents with learning disabilities at risk? Emotional well‐being, depression, suicide (1993) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, pp. 159-166; Jorm, A.F., Share, D.L., Matthews, R., Maclean, R., Behaviour problems in specific reading retarded and general reading backward children: a longitudinal study (1986) Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, pp. 33-43; Kavale, K.A., The long‐tern consequences of learning disabilities (1988) Handbook of special education: research and practice Vol 2, Mildly handicapped conditions, pp. 303-344. , M. C. Wang, M. C. Reynolds, H. J. Walbert, (Eds).,. Oxford, Pergamon Press; Kellam, S.G., Brown, C.H., Rubin, B.R., Ensminger, M.E., Paths leading to teenage psychiatric symptoms and substance use: developmental epidemiological studies in Woodlawn (1983) Childhood psychopathology and development, pp. 17-51. , S. B. Guze, F. J. Earls, J. E. Barratt, (Eds).,. New York, Raven Press; LaBuda, M., DeFries, J.C., Differential prognosis of reading‐disabled children as a function of gender, socioeconomic status, IQ and severity; a longitudinal study (1989) Reading and Writing, 1, p. 2536; Livingston, R., Psychiatric comorbidity with reading disability: a clinical study (1990) Advances in learning disabilities: a research annual, 6, pp. 143-155. , Greenwich, JAI Press; McCall, R.B., EVahn, C., Krantzer, L., (1992) High school underachievers: What do they achieve as adults?, , New bury Park:, Sage Publications; McGee, R., Feehan, M., Williams, S., Anderson, J., DSM‐III disorders from age 11 to 15 years (1992) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, pp. 50-59; McGee, R., Share, D., Moffitt, T.E., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Reading disability, behaviour problems and juvenile delinquency (1988) Individual differences in children and adolescents: International Perspectives, pp. 158-172. , D. H. Saklofske, S. B. G. Eysenck, (Eds),. London, Hodder and Stoughton; McGee, R., Williams, S, Feehan, M., Attention deficit disorder and age of onset of problem behaviours (1992) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, pp. 487-502; Maguin, E., Loeber, R., LeMahieu, P.G., Does the relationship between poor reading and delinquency hold for males of different ages and ethnic groups? (1993) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1, pp. 88-100; Maughan, B., Gray, G., Rutter, M., Reading retardation and antisocial behaviour; a follow up into employment (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 741-758; Maughan, B., Hagell, A., (submitted). Reading disabilities and adult psychosocial functioning; Maughan, B., Hagell, A., Rutter, M., Yule, W., Poor readers in secondary school (1994) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6, pp. 125-150; Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Hagell, A., Rutter, M., Yule, W., (in press). Reading problems and antisocial behaviour: changing patterns of comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry; Moffitt, T.E., Adolescence‐limited and life‐course Persistent antisocial behavior a developmental taxonomy (1993) Psychological Review, 100, pp. 674-700; Naylor, C.E., Felton, R.H., Wood, F.B., Adult outcome in developmental dyslexia (1990) Perspectives on dyslexia, 2, pp. 215-229. , C. Th. Pavlidis, (Ed),. London, John Wiley; O'Connor, S., Spreen, O., The relationship between parents' socioeconomic status and education level and adult occupational and educational achievement of children with learning disabilities (1988) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21, pp. 148-153; Oka, E.R., Paris, S.G., Patterns of motivation and reading skills in underachieving children (1987) Handbook of cognitive, social, and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities, 2, pp. 115-145. , S. J. Ceci,. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Earlbaum Associates; Patterson, G.R., DeBaryshe, B.D., Ramsey, E., A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior (1989) American psychologist, 44, pp. 329-335; Pennington, B.F., Overview; introduction to special edition on genetics, neurology and neurospsychology of reading disabilities (1991) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 3, pp. 191-201; Plomin, R., A behavioral genetic approach to learning disabilities and their subtypes (1991) Subtypes of Learning Disabilities, pp. 83-111. , L. V. Feagans, E. J. Short, L. J. Meltzer, (Eds),. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Preston, R.C., Yarington, D.J., Status of fifty retarded readers eight years after clinic diagnosis (1967) Journal of Reading, 11, pp. 122-129; Rawson, M.B., (1968) Developmental language disability: adult accomplishments of dyslexic boys, , Baltimore:, Johns Hopkins Press; Richman, N., Stevenson, J., Graham, P.J., (1982) Pre‐school to school: a behavioural study, , London:, Academic Press; Robinson, H.M., Smith, H.K., Reading clinic clients–ten years after (1962) The Elementary School Journal, 63, pp. 22-27; Rodgers, B., Changes in the reading attainment of adults: a longitudinal study (1986) British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, pp. 1-17; Rutter, M, Giller, H., (1983) Juvenile Delinquency: trends and perspectives, , London:, Penguin; (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (Eds).,. London:, Longman and Green; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Yule, W., Graham, P., Whitmore, K., Isle of Wight studies 1964–1974 (1976) Psychological Medicine, 6, pp. 313-332; Satz, P., Taylor, H.G., Friel, J., Fletcher, J.M., Some developmental and predictive precursors of reading disabilities; a six‐year follow‐up (1978) Dyslexia: an appraisal of Current Knowledge, , A. Benton, D. Pearl, (Eds), : New York:, Oxford University Press; Schonhaut, S., Satz, P., Prognosis for children with learning disabilities: a review of follow‐up studies (1983) Developmental Neuropsychiatry, pp. 542-563. , M. Rutter,. New York, Guilford press; Snowling, M.J., Developmental reading disorders (1991) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, pp. 49-77; Spreen, O., (1987), Learning disabled children growing up: a follow up: a follow‐up into adulthood. Lisse, Netherlands Swets & Zeitlinger; Spreen, O., Prognosis of learning disability (1988) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, pp. 836-842; Temple, C., Foop is still Floop: a six year follow‐up of phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia (1990) Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2, pp. 209-221; Taylor, E., Sandberg, S., Thorley, G., Giles, S., (1991) The Epidemiology of Childhood Hyperactivity, , Oxford:, Oxford University Press; Trites, R.L., Fiedorowicz, C., Follow‐up Study of children with specific (or primary) reading disability (1976) The neuropsychology of learning disorders theoretical approaches, pp. 41-50. , R. M. Knights, D.J. Bakker, (Eds), (1976).,. Baltimore ;, University Park Press; Wadsworth, M., (1979) Roots of Delinquency: Infancy, adolescence and crime, , Oxford:, Martin Robertson; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.J.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43–year follow‐up of a national birth cohort (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Watson, B.U., Watson, C.S., Fredd, R., Follow‐up studies of specific reading disability (1982) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, pp. 375-382; White, I.K., Determinants of divorce: a review of research in the eighties (1990) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, pp. 904-912; Yule, W., Differential prognosis of reading backwardness and specific reading retardation (1973) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 43, pp. 244-248 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028931188&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.1995.tb01296.x&partnerID=40&md5=7d6063b004d67aba0d4766ca10167937 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic and environmental influences on growth T2 - Journal of Medical Screening J2 - J. Med. Screen. VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 133 EP - 139 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1177/096914139500200307 SN - 09691413 (ISSN) AU - Rona, R.J. AU - Chinn, S. AD - Department of Public Health Medicine, UMDS St Thomas's Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom AB - To provide an overview of the factors associated with growth in primary school children in England and Scotland and to provide information about the secular trend of growth in the last 20 years. Representative English and Scottish samples and an English inner city sample. The study had a mixed longitudinal design from 1972 to 1994. Between 8000 and 10 000 children participated in each survey. Height was measured in at least 95% of the children in most surveys, and 75% to 85% of parents provided information about family background. Main results are based on published information. Multiple regression was used for most of the analyses. Parents' height, child's birth weight, mother's age at child's delivery, ethnic background and, in white children, family size are the only factors markedly associated with height. Variables that have traditionally been used to assess the possible effect of social conditions were generally not associated with height. The height increase was more marked in Scotland than England over the period 1972 to 1990, and the differences in height of children in the two countries is now minimal. Most factors cannot be neatly classified as purely genetic or environmental, but seem to indicate that genes are relatively more important. Social factors usually assessed in growth studies do not have an important effect on growth. The marked increase of height over time indicates that the environment and social conditions have allowed children to grow taller. Sibship size is the only factor that was shown to be related to the secular trend in growth. © 1995, Medical Screening Society. All rights reserved. KW - environment KW - genetics KW - height KW - social factors KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - child KW - environment KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - genetics KW - human KW - indoor air pollution KW - longitudinal study KW - newborn KW - parent KW - pregnancy KW - regression analysis KW - respiratory tract disease KW - theoretical model KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - England KW - Environment KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Parents KW - Pregnancy KW - Regression Analysis KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Scotland KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution N1 - Cited By :19 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8536182 LA - English N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Tobacco Smoke Pollution N1 - References: Floud, R., Wachter, K., Gregory, A., (1990) Height, health and history. Nutritional status in the United Kingdom, 1750–1980, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Martorell, R., Habicht, J-P., Growth in early childhood in developing countries (1986) Human growth. A comprehensive treatise, pp. 241-262. , In: Falkner F, Tanner J.M., eds., Vol 3. Methodology, ecological, genetics, and nutritional effects on growth, 2nd ed. London: Plenum Press; Wilson, R.S., Twin growth: Initial deficit, recovery, and trends in concordance from birth to nine years (1979) Ann Hum Biol, 6, pp. 93-105; Mueller, W.H., Parent-child correlations for stature and weight among school-aged children: A review of 24 studies (1976) Hum Biol, 48, pp. 379-397; Foster, J.M., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., The relation of height of primary school children to population density (1983) Int J., Epidemiol, 12, pp. 199-204; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., The secular trend in the height of primary school children in England and Scotland 1972 to 1980 (1984) Ann Hum Biol, 11, pp. 1-16; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness for English and Scottish children, 1972–1982 and 1982–1990 (1994) Paediat Perinatal Epidemiol, 8, pp. 90-106; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study of health and growth: Social and biological factors associated with height of children from ethnic groups living in England (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 453-471; Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Takaishi, M., Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity and weight velocity (1966) Arch Dis Child, 41, pp. 454-471; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Price, C.E., The secular trend in height of primary school children in England and Scotland 1972–79 and 1979–86 (1989) Ann Hum Biol, 5, pp. 387-395; Gulliford, M.C., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Social environment and height: England and Scotland 1987 and 1988 (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 235-240; Rona, R.J., Florey, C.D.V., Chinn, S., Clarke, G.C., Parental smoking at home and height of children (1981) BMJ, 283, p. 1363; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Florey, C.D.V., Exposure to cigarette smoking and children's growth (1985) Int J., Epidemiol, 14, pp. 402-409; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Quantifying health aspects of passive smoking in British children aged 5 to 11 years (1991) J Epidemiol Community Health, 45, pp. 188-194; Somerville, S.M., Rona, R.J., Respiratory conditions, including asthma, and height in primary school (1993) Ann Hum Biol, 20, pp. 369-380; Price, C.E., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., The height of primary school children and parents' perception of food intolerance (1988) BMJ, 296, pp. 1696-1699; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Father's unemployment and height of primary school children in Britain (1991) Ann Hum Biol, 18, pp. 441-448; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Smith, A.M., School meals, school milk and height of primary school children in England and Scotland in the eighties (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 66-71; Smith, A.M., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Social factors and height gain of primary school children in England and Scotland (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7, pp. 115-124; McCormick, A., Fleming, D., Charlton, J., (1995) Morbidity statistics from general practice. Fourth national study 1991–1992, , London: HMSO. (OPCS series MB5 No 3.); Anderson, H.R., Burtland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Trends in pre-valence and severity of childhood asthma (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1600-1604; Burney, P.G.J., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? Evidence from a national study of health and growth (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 1306-1310; Burr, M.L., Butland, B.K., King, S., Vaugham-Williams, E., Changes in asthma prevalence: Two surveys 15 years apart (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1452-1456; Mueller, W.H., The genetics of size and shape in children and adult (1986) Human growth. A comprehensive treatise, pp. 145-168. , In: Falkner F., Tanner J.M. eds., Vol 3. Methodology, ecological, genetic, and nutritional effects on growth, 2nd ed. London: Plenum Press; Tanner, J.M., Goldstein, H., Whitehouse, R.H., Standards for children's height at ages 2 to 9 years, allowing for height of parents (1970) Arch Dis Child, 45, pp. 755-762; Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Social class and height Getter) (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 980-981; Kuh, D.L., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) Int J., Epidemiol, 20, pp. 1001-1009; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Q J Soc Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Schumacher, A., Knussmann, R., Are the differences in stature between social classes a modification or an assortment effect? (1979) J Hum Evolution, 8, pp. 809-812; Reading, R., Raybould, S., Jarvis, S., Deprivation, low birth weight, and children's height: A comparison between rural and urban areas (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1458-1462; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old-children: Results from the national child development study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Penrose, L.S., Some recent trends in human genetics (1954) Caryologia, 6, pp. 521-530. , (suppl):; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., (1990) Worldwide variation in human growth, pp. 63-89. , 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Garn, S.M., Clark, D.C., Trowbridge, F.L., Tendency toward greater stature in American black children (1973) Am J., Dis Child, 126, pp. 164-166; Peters, J., Jones, P.R.M., The growth of Indian children in Leicestershire (1989) Auxology 88: Perspectives in the science of growth and development, pp. 155-160. , In: Tanner J.M., ed. London: Smith-Gordon; Ahmed, M.L., Allen, A.D., Sharma, A., MacFarlane, J.A., Dunger, D.B., Evaluation of a district growth screening programme. The Oxford growth study (1993) Arch Dis Child, 69, pp. 361-365 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029447188&doi=10.1177%2f096914139500200307&partnerID=40&md5=db4ce8b81936bd9e82588dbdea66b4a2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic contributions of Finnish Ayrshire bulls over four generations T2 - Animal Science J2 - Anim. Sci. VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 177 EP - 187 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1017/S1357729800013709 SN - 13577298 (ISSN) AU - Woolliams, J.A. AU - Mäntysaari, E.A. AD - Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Animal Breeding, SF-31600, Jokioinen, Finland AB - The long-term genetic contributions were calculated for 219 Finnish Ayrshire bulls born between 1958 and 1964 to 707 Finnish Ayrshire bulls made available for artificial insemination and born between 1986 and 1988. Three strategies were employed:(i) using all known pedigree information; (ii) ignoring information on the dam of females; (iii) only using information on sires. Expected contributions were calculated using gene flow matrices. The contributions from strategies 1, 2 and 3 were only 0.6 (1 and 2) or 0.7 (strategy 3) of those expected. The causes of this shortfall for strategies 2 and 3 were identified as (i) the use of an imported sire and (ii) generation skipping. For strategy 1, 0.2 of the expected pathways remained unaccounted for and were ascribed to missing pedigree information. Of the 219 ancestors, only 86 made positive contributions to the descendants. Only 10 ancestors made contributions more than the average, and one bull accounted for 0.3 of all pathways traced on strategy 2. There was general agreement in the relative contributions of individual bulls when assessed using the three strategies. The rate of inbreeding (ΔF) estimated by regression from 1974 to 1988 and using known pedigrees was 0.0018 per year and the average coefficients of additive genetic relationship among cohorts was increasing by 0.0030 per year. AF was estimated using the contributions calculated by strategies 1, 2 and 3 to be 0.0147, 0.0151 and 0.0125 per generation respectively. These were converted into rates per year by assuming a generation interval of 6.5 years taken from both published and new information on generation intervals in the Finnish Ayrshire population. This gave annual rates of 0.0023, 0.0023 and 0.0019. The estimates from strategy 3 were obtained without the use of any pedigree information pertaining to dams. © 1995, British Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. KW - cattle KW - Finnish Ayrshire bulls KW - gene flow KW - inbreeding N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Woolliams, J.A.; Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, United Kingdom N1 - References: Hill, W.G., Prediction and evaluation of response to selection with overlapping generations (1974) Animal Production, 18, pp. 117-139. , S1357729800017379; Hill, W.G., A note on effective size with overlapping generations (1979) Genetics, USA, 92, pp. 317-322; Goddard, M.E., Optimal effective population size for the global population of black and white dairy cattle (1992) Journal of Dairy Science, 75, pp. 2902-2911; Goddard, M.E., Smith, C., Optimum number of bull sires in dairy cattle breeding (1990) journal of Dairy Science, 73, pp. 1113-1122; Lindström, U., Maijala, K., Development of the coefficients of inbreeding and relationship in the Finnish Ayrshire (1971) Zeitschrift fiir Tierziichtung und Zuchtungsbiologie, 87, pp. 335-347; Lindström, U., (1969) Genetic change in milk yield and fat percentage in artificially bred populations of Finnish dairy cattle, p. 114. , Ph.D Thesis, University of Helsinki. Ada Agralia Fennica; Lindström, U., Selection intensity for milk yield in 1970–1977 in the Finnish Ayrshire (1978) journal of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, 50, pp. 445-454; Miglior, F., Szkotnicki, B., Burnside, E.B., Analysis of levels of inbreeding and inbreeding depression in Jersey cattle (1992) Journal of Dairy Science, 75, pp. 1112-1118; Mäntysaari, E.A., Stranden, I., Animal model evaluation for production and reproduction traits in Finnish dairy cattle (1991) Proceedings of the forty-second Annual Meeting of the European Association of Animal Production, Berlin; Meuwissen, T.H.E., Woolliams, J.A., Required effective sizes for livestock populations (1995) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, , In press; Simonen, S., Ayrshireforeningens i Finland historica 1901–1951 (1950) History of Finnish Ayrshire Society, , Helsinki; Van Raden, P.M., Accounting for inbreeding and crossbreeding in genetic evaluation of large populations (1992) Journal of Dairy Science, 75, pp. 3136-3144; Woolliams, J.A., Thompson, R., A theory of genetic contributions (1994) Proceedings of the fifth world congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Guelph, 19, pp. 127-134; Woolliams, J.A., Wray, N.R., Thompson, R., Prediction of long-term contributions and inbreeding in populations undergoing mass selection (1993) Genetical Research, 62, pp. 231-242; Wray, N.R., (1989) Consequences of selection in finite populations with particular reference to closed nucleus herds of pigs, , Ph.D. thesis, Edinburgh University; Wray, N.R., Thompson, R., Prediction of rates of inbreeding in selected populations (1990) Genetical Research, 55, pp. 41-54 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84974231571&doi=10.1017%2fS1357729800013709&partnerID=40&md5=8ef2a811970b852810dd7c2e3c35b788 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE MATURATION OF LINEAR ACUITY AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE SONKSEN‐SILVER ACUITY SYSTEM IN YOUNG CHILDREN T2 - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology J2 - Dev. Med. Child Neurol. VL - 37 IS - 6 SP - 505 EP - 514 PY - 1995 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1995.tb12038.x SN - 00121622 (ISSN) AU - Salt, A.T. AU - Sonksen, P.M. AU - Wade, A. AU - Jayatunga, R. AD - Lifespan Healthcare, Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom AD - Sandwell District Hospital, West Bromwich, West Midlands, United Kingdom AD - Department of I-Pidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AD - Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Nhs Trust, London, United Kingdom AB - The compliance and maturation of visual acuity of 1245 ½‐ to nine year olds was investigated. Testing was undertaken as part of routine surveillance. Ability to letter match, to achieve a binocular measure and to achieve monocular measures for children under three years was 89, 78 and 37 per cent, for children aged three to four years 97, 91 and 66 per cent, and for children over four years 99.9. 99.9 and 99. respectively A statistical model was developed to give acuity norms by age for use by surveillance and diagnostic teams. La maturation tie lcar;acuitc linéaire et la participation au systéme de mesuie dcar;acuité de Sonksen ‐Silver che: les jeunes enfanls La participation et la maturation de lcar;acuilc visttelle out été recherchees chez 1245 enfants ages de 27‐ à neuf ans. Le test fut entreprts dans le cadre dcar;une surveillance de routine, l.a capacité dcar;appaner des leures. dcar;elfecture des mesures binoculaires et monoculaires fut respectivement de 89. 78 et 37 pour cent des enfants en dessous de trois ans. respectivement de 97. 9] et 66 pour cent chez les enfants ágés de trois a quatre ans et respectivement de 99.9, 99.9 et 99 pour tent chez les enfants de plus de quartre ans. Un modèle statisque a pu étre effectué. dormant les noniics dcar;acuité par âge en vue de'emploi par les équipes de surveillance et de diagnostic. de tres a cuatro años. y de 99,9, 99,9 y 99 por ciento respectivamente en niños de más de cuatro anos. Se desarrolló un inodelo estadistico para dar unas nornias de agutdeza según la edad. para uso de equipos de vigilancia y diagnóstics. Compliance und Reifung der Sehschärfe wurden bci 1245 Kinderen im Alter von 2½‐ bis neun Jahren untersucht. Die Kinder wurden im Rahmen von Routineuntersuchungen getestet. Die fähigkeit Buchstaben zu vergleichen. einen binokulären Befund und monokuläre Befunde zu erlangen. betrug für Kinder unler drei Jahren 89 b/w. 78 b/w. 37 Prozent, für Kinder zwischcn drei und vier Jahren 97, 91 und 66 Prozent und für Kinder über vier Jahren 99.9, 99.9 und 99 Prozent. I‐s wurde em statistisches Modell entwickelt. altersentsprechende Normwerte der Sehschärfe für Vorsorge‐ und diagostische lintersuchungen herauszugeben. Maduración de la axtideza linear y conipliunza usando el sistenia de agudeza Sonksen‐Sitver en nihos pe que lias Se investigó la complianza y la maduración de la agudcza visual de 1245 niños de 27½.‐ a neueve años. La exploraeion se realize formando parte de una vigilancia rutinaria. l.a habilidad de emparejar leirasy hacer mediciones binoculares y monoculares fue de 89. 78 y 37 por ciento respectivamente en niños de tres a cuatro añose de 97, 91 y 66 por ciento respectivamente en niños Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - binocular vision KW - child KW - eye development KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - maturation KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - statistical model KW - vision test KW - visual acuity KW - Age Factors KW - Amblyopia KW - Anisometropia KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Human KW - Male KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Vision Tests KW - Vision, Binocular KW - Vision, Monocular KW - Visual Acuity N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7789660 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sonksen, P.M.; Wolf Son Centre, Neuroseiences Unit, Institute of Child Health, Mccklenhurdi Square, London, WCIN 2AP, United Kingdom N1 - References: Alberman, K.A., Butler, N.R., Sheridan, M.D., Visual acuity of a national sample (1958 cohort I at 7 vears. (1971) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 13, pp. 9-14; Atkinson, J., Braddick, O.J., The development of visual function. (1981) Scientific Foundations of Paediatries, , Davis, J. A., Dobbin, J., 2nd Edn., London:, Heinemann; Anker, S., Evans, C., Hall, K., Pimm‐Smith, E., Visual acuity testing of young children with the Cambridge Crowding Cards at 3 and 6m. (1988) Acta Ophthalmologica., 66, pp. 505-508; Bailey, L.L., Lovie, J.L., New design principles for visual acuity letter charts. (1976) American Journal of Optometry and Phwiological Optics., 53, pp. 740-745; Blakey, J., A review of children's test charts. (1988) Optician., 95, pp. 17-25; Specification for Test Charts for Determining Distance Visual Acuity (BS 42–74)., , London:, BSI, 1196; Duke‐Elder, S., (1970) System of Ophthalmology., , St Louis:, C.V. Moshy; Egan, D.E., Brown, R., Vision testing or young children in the age range 18 months to 47‐ years. (1984) Child: Care. Health and Development., 10, pp. 381-390; Fern, K.D., Manny, R.E., Visual acuity of the preschool child: a review. (1986) American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 63, pp. 319-345; Friede, R.L., Hu, K.H., Proximo‐distal differences in myelin development in human optic‐fibres. (1967) Zeit. schsift für Zelforschitng und mikroskopische anatomic (Berlin), 79, pp. 259-264; Friendly, D.S., Preschool visual acuity tests. (1978) Transactions of the American Opthahnological Society., 76, pp. 461-480; Hall, D.M.B., (1989) Health for All Children., , Oxford:, Oxford University Press; Hickey, T.L., Postnatal development of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: relationship to a critical period for the visual system (1977) Science, 198, pp. 836-838; Hrbek, A., Vitova, S., Mares, P., The development of cortical evoked responses to visual stimulation during childhood. (1966) Activas Nervosa Superior (Praha)., 8, pp. 39-46; Hyvarinen, L, Nasanen, R., Iaurinen, P., New visual acuity test for preschool children. (1980) Acta Ophthalmologica., 58, pp. 507-511; Ingram, R.M., Holland, W.W., Walker, C., Wilson, J., VL, Arnold, P.E., Dally, S., Screening for visual defects in preschool children. (1986) British Journal of Ophthalmology, 70, pp. 16-21; Jayatunga, R., Sonksen, P.VL, Bhide, A., Wade, A., Measures of acuity in primary school children and their ability to detect minor errors of vision. (1995) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 37, pp. 515-527; Kay, H., New method of assessing visual acuity with pictures. (1983) British Journal of Ophthalmology., 67, pp. 131-133; Lippman, O., Vision of young children. (1969) Archives of Ophthalmology, 81, pp. 763-775; Lippman, O., Vision screening of young children (1971) American Journal of Public Health, 61, pp. 1586-1601; Nordlow, W., Joachimsson, S., The incidence and results of treatment of reduced visual acuity due to refractive errors in four year old children in a Swedish Population. (1966) Arm Ophthalmologica., 44, pp. 152-165; Pcekham, C.S., Vision in childhood. (1986) British Medical Bulletin., 42, pp. 150-154; Pott, J.W.R., van Huff‐van, The Rotterdam C‐Chart: norm values of visual acuity and inlra‐ocular differences in 5‐year‐old children. (1992) Behavioural Brain Research, 49, pp. 141-147; (1992) Labour Force Survey 1990 and 1991. no. 9., p. 34. , London:, HMSO; Sheridan, M.D., What is normal distance vision at five to seven years' (1974) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology., 16, pp. 189-195; Gardiner, P.A., Sheridan‐Gardiner test for visual acuity. (1970) British Medical Journal., 2, pp. 108-109; Simons, K., Visual acuity norms in young children. (1983) Surrey of Ophthalmology., 28, pp. 84-92; Slataper, F.J., Age norms of refraction and vision. (1950) Archives of Ophthalmology, 43, pp. 466-481; Sonksen, P.M., Silver, J., (1988) Tin Sonksen Silver Acuity System. Test System and Instruction Manual., , Windsor:, Keeler; Stewart‐Brown, S.L., Haslum, M., Screening of vision in school: could we do better by doinc less.' (1988) BMJ, 297. , 1111, 113; Teller, D.Y., McDonald, M.A., Preston, K., Sebris, S.L, Dobson, V., Assessment of visual acuity in infants and children: The acuity card procedure. (1986) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology., 28, pp. 779-789; Wade, A.M., Ades, A.F., Salt, A.T., Jayatunga, R.J., Sonksen, P.M., Age related standards for ordinal data: modelling the changes in visual acuity from 2 to 9 years of age. (1995) Statistics in Medicine, 14, pp. 257-266; Westheimer, G., Scaling of visual acuity measurements. (1979) Ada Ophthalmologica., 97, pp. 327-330; Westheimer, G., Visual Acuity (1992) Alder's Physiology of the Eve., pp. 531-547. , Hart, W., 9th Edn., St Louis:, Mosby Year Book; Woodruff, M.E., Observations on the visual acuity of children in the first five years of life. (1972) American Journal of Optometry, 49, pp. 205-215 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029072927&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1995.tb12038.x&partnerID=40&md5=47524059665bb5564044655b3e3e7c88 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study T2 - BMJ J2 - BMJ VL - 309 IS - 6967 SP - 1475 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1136/bmj.309.6967.1475 SN - 09598138 (ISSN) AU - Bartley, M. AU - Power, C. AU - Blane, D. AU - Smith, G.D. AU - Shipley, M. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London EC1R 0BN, United Kingdom AD - Division of Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London W6 8RP, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London WC1E 6EA, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To investigate the relation between birth weight and socioeconomic disadvantage during childhood and adolescence in a birth cohort study. Design: Longitudinal analysis of birth weight in relation to social class, household amenities and overcrowding, and financial difficulties as reported by parents at interview when participants were aged 7, 11, and 16 years; and receipt of unemployment or supplementary benefits as reported by participants at age 23. Subjects: Male participants in the 1958 birth cohort (national child development study) born to parents resident in Great Britain during the week of 3-9 March 1958. Data on birth weight and financial difficulties between birth and 23 years were available for 4321; data on housing conditions and social class at ages 7, 11, and 16 years were available for 3370. Main outcome measures: Socioeconomic disadvantage at later ages in men weighing 6 lb (2721g) or under at birth compared with those weighing over 6 lb and between fifths of the distribution of birth weight. Results: Cohort members who weighed 6 lb or under at birth were more likely to experience socioeconomic disadvantage subsequently. Those in lower fifths of the distribution were more likely to experience socioeconomic disadvantage. Conclusion—Low birth weight is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and adolescence. Studies of the association of indicators of early development and adult disease need to take into account experiences right through from birth to adulthood if they are to elucidate the combination of risks attributable to developmental problems and socioeconomic disadvantage. © 1994, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth weight KW - child KW - childhood KW - crowding KW - household KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Family Characteristics KW - Great Britain KW - Household Articles KW - Housing KW - Human KW - Male KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Unemployment N1 - Cited By :96 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7804048 LA - English N1 - References: (1992) Fetal and infant origins of adult disease, , Barker DJPed., London, BMJ; Williams, D.R.R., Roberts, S.J., Davies, T.W., Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales (1979) J Epidemiol Community Health, 33, pp. 199-202; Ben-Shlomo, Y., Davey Smith, G., (1991) Deprivation in infancy or in adult life: which is more important for mortality risk? Lancet, 337, pp. 530-534; Essen, J., Wedge, P., (1982) Continuities in childhood disadvantage, , London, Heinemann Educational; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape from disadvantage, , London, Falmer Press; Brown, M., Madge, N., (1982) Despite the welfare state, , London, Heinemann Educational; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height, childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 663-668; Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Physical health status at 36 years in a British national birth cohort (1993) Soc Sci Med, 37, pp. 905-916; Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and class: the early years, , London, Chapman Hall; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal mortality: the first report of the 1958 British perinatal mortality survey, , Edinburgh, Livingstone; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Children's housing and their health and physical development (1978) Child Care Health Dev, 4, pp. 357-369; Essex, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Childhood housing experiences and school attainment (1978) Child Care Health Dev, 3, pp. 41-58; Goldstein, H., Study of the response rates of 16 year olds in the NCDS (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , In: Fogelman Ked., London, Macmillan; Bartley, M., Popay, J., Plewis, I., Domestic conditions, paid employment and women's experience of ill-health (1992) Sociology of Health and Illness, 14, pp. 313-343; Goldblatt, P., Mortality and alternative social classifications (1990) Longitudinal study: mortality and social organisation, pp. 163-192. , In: Goldblatt Ped., London, HMSO; Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, B., The Black report on socioeconomic inequalities in health ten years on (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 373-377; Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., The magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: further evidence from the Whitehall Study (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 265-270; Nie, N.H., (1983) Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS/X), , Chicago, McGraw-Hill; Forsdahl, A., Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease. The cardiovascular survey in Finnmark 1974–75 (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 34-37; Kuh, D., Davey Smith, G., When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate (1993) Social History of Medicine, 6, pp. 101-123; Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmons, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Barker, D.J.P., Bull, A.R., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 259-262; Mann, S.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Colley, J.R.T., Accumulation of factors influencing respiratory illness in members of a national birth cohort and their offspring (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 36, pp. 286-292; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The imprint of time: childhood, history and adult life, , Oxford, Clarendon Press; Colley, J.R.T., Douglas, J.W.B., Reid, D., Respiratory disease in young adults: influence of lower respiratory tract illness, social class, air pollution and smoking (1973) BMJ, 2, pp. 195-198; Barker, D.J.P., Martyn, C.N., The maternal and fetal origins of cardiovascular disease (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 8-11; Barker, D.J.P., Godfrey, K.M., Fall, C., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Shaheen, S.O., Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 671-675; Wilkinson, R.G., Socio-economic differences in mortality: interpreting the data on their size and trends (1986) Class and health: research and longitudinal data, , In: Wilkinson RGed., London, Tavistock; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Cox, L.J., Fall, C., Osmond, C., (1991) Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 BMJ, 303, pp. 1019-1022; Vernon, H.M., (1939) Health in relation to occupation, , London, Oxford University Press; Davey Smith, G., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1992) Early growth and clotting factors in adult life BMJ, 304, p. 638; Martyn, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., (1993) Selective migration by birthweight J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, p. 76; Bentham, G., Migration and morbidity: implications for geographical studies of disease (1988) Soc Sci Med, 26, pp. 49-54; Davey Smith, G., Phillips, A.N., Confounding in epidemiological studies: why “independent” effects may not be all they seem (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 757-759; Davey Smith, G., Phillips, A.N., Neaton, J.D., (1992) Smoking as “independent” risk factor for suicide: illustration of an artifact from observational epidemiology? Lancet, 340, pp. 709-712 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028054217&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.309.6967.1475&partnerID=40&md5=ba20d5da4c80025f4cb00a7ec1f828af ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of urea kinetic modeling in patients on maintenance hemodialysis ST - Zastosowanie modelowania kinetycznego mocznika u chorych leczonych powtarzanymi hemodializami. T2 - Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej J2 - Pol Arch Med Wewn VL - 92 Spec No SP - 43 EP - 51 PY - 1994 SN - 00323772 (ISSN) AU - Sułowicz, W. AU - Drozdz, M. AU - Pietrzyk, J.A. AU - Kopeć, J. AU - Kuźniewski, M. AU - Drozdz, D. AD - Kliniki Nefrologii Collegium Medicum UJ. AB - The effect of urea kinetic modeling (u.k.m.) application on dialysis efficiency and metabolic status was evaluated in 50 maintenance dialyzed patients. U.k.m. sessions were performed once a month based on the self-developed computer program to control dialysis. The dialysis index (Kt/V), the time averaged concentration (TAC), protein catabolic rate (pcr) and dialysis effectiveness (Ct/Co) were evaluated and the results obtained at the beginning and after 2, 4, and 8 months of the study were compared. Kt/V had risen significantly in the modeled patients from 1.04 to 1.24 and was accompanied by 12% Ct/Co increase of urea removal after 8 months. The tendency of the moderate (non significant) decrease of TAC from 54.57 to 52.48 mg% BUN was observed during the study. According to the NCDS criteria the percentage of adequately dialyzed patients increased from 42% at the beginning to 64% after 80 months; underdialyzed patients decreased from 16% to 6% and malnourished also from 16% to 6%, respectively, after u.k.m. application. Dialysis effectiveness for creatinine and uric acid described by Ct/Co for the above after 4 and 8 months was significantly increased when compared with the results obtained at the beginning of the study. These results indicate that u.k.m. application allowed to take control over uremic toxemia and improved dialysis adequacy in patients on maintenance dialysis. Protein catabolic rate in studied patients increased from 1.18 to 1.24 g/kg/per day during the study and it was accompanied by a total blood protein and serum albumin increase. This could indicate improvement of the nutritional status of dialyzed subjects. KW - creatinine KW - urea KW - uric acid KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - chi square distribution KW - female KW - hemodialysis KW - human KW - male KW - nutritional status KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Creatinine KW - English Abstract KW - Female KW - Human KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Nutritional Status KW - Renal Dialysis KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Urea KW - Uric Acid N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7731899 LA - Polish N1 - Correspondence Address: Sułowicz, W. N1 - Chemicals/CAS: creatinine, 19230-81-0, 60-27-5; urea, 57-13-6; uric acid, 69-93-2; Creatinine, 60-27-5; Urea, 57-13-6; Uric Acid, 69-93-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028708273&partnerID=40&md5=e9361cab518271101414be1584363375 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort T2 - The Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 344 IS - 8934 SP - 1398 EP - 1402 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90569-X SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Jones, P. AU - Murray, R. AU - Jones, P. AU - Rodgers, B. AU - Marmot, M. AD - Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, United Kingdon, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF AD - Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London AD - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, United Kingdom AB - Summary. Schizophrenia has been linked with childhood psychological abnormalities since it was first described, but studies of associations have not used population samples and so may be subject to bias. We have studied associations between adult-onset schizophrenia and childhood sociodemographic, neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioural factors within a cohort of 5362 people born in the week March 3-9, 1946. Childhood data were gathered prospectively and case ascertainment was independent of routine follow-up of this cohort. 30 cases of schizophrenia arose between ages 16 and 43 years (cumulative risk 0·63% [95% Cl 0·41-0·86%]). Milestones of motor development were reached later in cases than in controls, particularly walking (difference in means 1·2 months [0·1-2·3], p=0·005), and up to age 15, cases had more speech problems than had controls (odds ratio 2·8 [0·9-7·8], p=0·04). Low educational test scores at ages 8, 11, and 15 years were a risk factor, with significant linear trends across population distributions; risk was not confined to very low scores. Solitary play preference at ages 4 and 6 years predicted schizophrenia (odds ratios 2·1, 2·5, p=0·05). At 13 years cases rated themselves as less socially confident (p for trend, 0·04). At 15 years, teachers rated cases as being more anxious in social situations (p for trend 0·003), independent of intelligence quotient. A health visitor's rating of the mother as having below average mothering skills and understanding of her child at age 4 years was a predictor of schizophrenia in that child (odds ratio 5·8 [0·8-31·8], p=0·02). Differences between children destined to develop schizophrenia as adults and the general population were found across a range of developmental domains. As with some other adult illnesses, the origins of schizophrenia may be found in early life. © 1994. KW - adult KW - anxiety KW - article KW - child behavior KW - child development KW - child psychology KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - human KW - intelligence KW - male KW - preschool child KW - prospective study KW - risk KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - social behavior KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - adolescent KW - behavior KW - clinical article KW - cognitive development KW - demography KW - follow up KW - intelligence quotient KW - mother KW - motor development KW - nervous system development KW - play KW - priority journal KW - schizophrenia KW - social adaptation KW - speech disorder KW - walking KW - Anxiety KW - Child Behavior KW - Child Development KW - Child Psychology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Intelligence KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Social Behavior KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :940 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 7968076 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jones, P.; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, United Kingdon, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF N1 - References: Roberts, Schizophrenia a neuropathological perspective (1990) The British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 1-10; Lewis, Owen, Murray, Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: methodology and mechanisms (1989) Schizophrenia: a scientific focus, pp. 56-68. , Sc Schulz, Ca Tamminga, Oxford University Press, New York; Mednick, Machon, Huttenten, Bonnett, Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 188-192; Susser, Lin, Schizophrenia after exposure to the Dutch hunger winter of 1944-1945 (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 983-988; Aylward, Walker, Bettes, Intelligence in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of the research (1984) Schizophrenia Bull, 10, pp. 430-459; Watt, Patterns of childhood social development in adult schizophrenia (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 35, pp. 160-165; Done, Crow, Johnstone, Sacker, Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: social adjustment at ages 7 and 11 (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 699-703; Walker, Lewine, Prediction of adult-onset schizophrenia from childhood home movies of the patients (1990) Am J Psychiatry, 147, pp. 1052-1056; Fish, Marcus, Hans, Auerbach, Perdue, Infants at risk for schizophrenia: sequelae of a genetic neurointegrative defect (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, pp. 221-235; Murray, Lewis, Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder? (1987) BMJ, 295, pp. 681-682; Done, Johnstone, Frith, Golding, Shepard, Crow, Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; Robins, (1966) Deviant children grown up: a sociological and psychiatric study of sociopathic personality, , Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore; Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecologists and the Population Investigation Committee, (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford University Press, London; Wadsworth, (1991) The imprint of time: childhood history and adult life, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Wadsworth, Mann, Rodgers, Kuh, Hilder, Yusuf, Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow up of a national birth cohort (1992) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 46, pp. 300-304; Rodgers, Mann, The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: a national population survey (1986) Psychol Med, 16, pp. 689-700; American Psychiatric Association, (1987) Diagnostic and statistical mental disorders, , 3rd edition, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, revised; Office of Population Censuses & Surveys, (1970) Classification of Occupations, , HM Stationery Office, London; Pidgeon, Tests used in the 1954 and 1957 surveys (1964) The home and the school, pp. 129-132. , Jwb Douglas, MacGibbon & Kee, London; Pidgeon, Details of the fifteen year tests (1968) All our futures, pp. 194-197. , Jwb Douglas, Jm Ross, Hr Simpson, Peter Davies, London; Rodgers, Behaviour and personality in childhood as predictors of adult psychiatric disorder (1990) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 31, pp. 393-414; Rodgers, Feeding in infancy and later ability and attainment: a longitudinal study (1978) Develop Med Child Neurol, 20, pp. 421-426; Rodgers, Adult affective disorder and early environment (1990) Br J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 539-550; Lewis, David, Andréasson, Allebeck, Schizophrenia and city life (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 137-140; Tienari, Sori, Lahti, Genetic and psychosocial factors in schizophrenia: the Finnish Adoptive Family Study (1987) Schizophrenia Bull, 13, pp. 477-484; McGuire, Shah, Murray, Increased blood flow in Broca's area during auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia (1993) Lancet, 342, pp. 703-706; Gittelman-Klein, Klein, Premorbid asocial adjustment and prognosis in schizophrenia (1969) J Psychiatr Res, 7, pp. 35-53; Suddath, Christison, Torrey, Casanova, Weinberger, Anatomical abnormalities in the brains of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia (1990) New England Journal of Medicine, 322, pp. 789-794; Weinberger, Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 660-669; Rose, (1992) The strategy of preventive medicine, , Oxford University Press, Oxford UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028171814&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2894%2990569-X&partnerID=40&md5=f4b2343affa3330979da001f812302d5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Male and female factors in fertility T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. VL - 140 IS - 10 SP - 921 EP - 929 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117180 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - Joffe, M. AU - Li, Z. AD - Academic Department of Public Health, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom AB - Fertility is affected by the age of the female partner, but not that of the male partner, in the age ranges within which most attempts at conception occur. However, the literature on the effect of the smoking status of each partner is inconclusive. As part of a longitudinal study representative of all people born in Britain in 1958, 11,407 people were interviewed in 1991, of whom 3,132 female and 2,576 male cohort members had had or fathered at least one pregnancy. The outcome measure was the time to pregnancy of the first pregnancy (live births only), and the antecedent variables were the cohort member's age at that time and both partners' smoking habits and educational levels. Unadjusted analysis demonstrated that both the time to pregnancy and clinical subfertility were associated with higher maternal but not paternal age and with the smoking habits and educational levels of both parents. Multivariate analysis showed that paternal smoking failed to enter the model if the educational variables were also included. Findings were similar in the two separate analyses on male and female cohort members. This study confirms previous findings on the relative importance of maternal and paternal age in this age range. Maternal smoking affects fertility, but earlier reports of an apparent effect of paternal smoking may be due to confounding with socioeconomic status. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:921-9. © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health. KW - Age factors KW - Educational status KW - Fertility KW - Infertility KW - Reproduction KW - Smoking KW - Social class KW - class effect KW - educational effect KW - fertility factor KW - health impact KW - population fertility KW - social class KW - UK KW - adult KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - demography KW - education KW - female KW - female infertility KW - health survey KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - male infertility KW - pregnancy KW - risk factor KW - smoking habit KW - social class KW - statistical analysis KW - subfertility KW - Age Factors KW - Behavior KW - Data Analysis KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Educational Status KW - Europe KW - Fertility KW - Fertility Measurements KW - First Pregnancy Intervals KW - Northern Europe KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Population Dynamics KW - Pregnancy Intervals KW - Sampling Studies KW - Smoking KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Studies KW - Surveys KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PB - Oxford University Press N1 - Cited By :80 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 7977279 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joffe, M.; Academic Department of Public Health, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom N1 - References: Federation, C., Schwartz, D., Mayaux, M.J., Female fecundity as a function of age: Results of artificial insemination in 2, 193 nulliparous women with azoospermic husbands (1982) N Engl J Med, 7, pp. 404-406; Howe, G., Westhoff, C., Vessey, M., Effects of age, cigarette smoking, and other factors on fertility: Findings in a large prospective study (1985) Br Med J, 290, pp. 1697-1700; Menken, J., Trussell, J., Larsen, U., Age and infertility (1986) Science, 233, pp. 1389-1394; Olsen, J., Subfecundity according to the age of the mother and the father (1990) Dan Med Bull, 37, pp. 281-282; Van Noord-Zaadstra, B.M., Looman, C., Alsbach, H., Delaying childbearing: Effect of age on fecundity and outcome of pregnancy (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1361-1365; Hogberg, U., Sandstrom, A., Nilsson, N.G., Reproductive patterns among Swedish women bom 1936-1960 (1992) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 71, pp. 207-214; Olsen, J., Rachootin, P., Schiodt, A.V., Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infertility (1983) Int J Epidemiol, 12, pp. 179-184; Baird, D.D., Wilcox, A.J., Cigarette smoking associated with delayed conception (1985) JAMA, 253, pp. 2979-2983; Daling, J.R., Weiss, N.S., Metch, B.J., Primary tubal infertility in relation to the use of an intrauterine device (1985) N Engl J Med, 312, pp. 937-941; Cramer, D.W., Schiff, I., Schoenbaum, S.C., Tubal infertility and the intrauterine device (1985) N Engl J Med, 312, pp. 941-947; Phipps, W.R., Cramer, D.W., Schiff, I., The association between smoking and female infertility as influenced by cause of the infertility (1987) Fertil Steril, 48, pp. 377-382; De Mouzon, J., Spira, A., Schwartz, D., A prospective study of the relation between smoking and fertility (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 378-384; Linn, S., Schoenbaum, S.C., Monson, R.R., Delay in conception for former “pill” users (1982) JAMA, 247, pp. 629-632; Harlap, A., Baras, M., Conception-waits in fertile women after stopping oral contraceptives (1984) Int J Fertil, 29, pp. 73-80; Laurent, S.L., Thompson, S.J., Addy, C., An epidemiologic study of smoking and primary infertility in women (1992) Fertil Steril, 57, pp. 565-572; Goldman, N., Montgomery, M., Fecundability and husband’s age (1989) Soc Biol, 36, pp. 146-166; Schwarz, D., Mayauz, M.-J., Spira, A., Semen characteristics as a function of age in 833 fertile men (1983) Fertil Steril, 39, pp. 530-535; Evans, H.J., Fletcher, J., Torrance, M., Sperm abnormalities and cigarette smoking (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 627-629; Klaiber, E.L., Broverman, D.M., Dalen, J.E., Serum estradiol levels in male cigarette smokers (1984) Am J Med, 77, pp. 858-862; Shaarawy, M., Mahmoud, K.Z., Endocrine profile and semen characteristics in male smokers (1982) Fertil Steril, 38, pp. 255-257; Handlesman, D.J., Conway, A.J., Boylan, L.M., Testicular function in potential sperm donors: Normal ranges and the effects of smoking and varicocele (1984) Int J Androl, 7, pp. 369-382; Karagounis, C.S., Papanikolaou, N.A., Zavos, P.M., Semen parameters compared between smoking and nonsmoking men: Smoking intensity and semen parameters (1985) Infertility, 8, pp. 373-380; Vogt, H.-J., Heller, W.-D., Borelli, S., Sperm quality of healthy smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers (1986) Fertil Steril, 45, pp. 106-110; Hoidas, S., Williams, A.E., Tocher, J.L., Scoring sperm morphology from fertile and infertile cigarette smokers using the scanning electron microscope and image analysis (1985) Fertil Steril, 43, pp. 595-598; Rodriguez-Rigau, L.J., Smith, K.D., Steinberger, E., Cigarette smoking and semen quality (1982) Fertil Steril, 38, pp. 115-116; Dikshit, R.K., Buch, J.G., Mansuri, S.M., Effect of tobacco consumption on semen quality of a population of hypofertile males (1987) Fertil Steril, 48, pp. 334-336; Marshbum, P.B., Sloan, C.S., Hammond, M.G., Semen quality and association with coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and ethanol consumption (1989) Fertil Steril, 52, pp. 162-165; Dunphy, B.C., Barratt, C., Von Tongelen, B.P., Male cigarette smoking and fecundity in couples attending an infertility clinic (1991) Andrologia, 23, pp. 223-225; Osser, S., Beckman-Ramirez, A., Liedholm, P., Semen quality of smoking and non-smoking men in infertile couples in a Swedish population (1992) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 71, pp. 215-218; Suonio, S., Saarikoski, S., Kauhanen, O., Smoking does affect fecundity (1990) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 34, pp. 89-95; Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life At, 33, pp. 184-188. , London: National Children’s Bureau, Ferri E, ed; Vessey, M.P., Wright, N.H., McPherson, K., Fertility after stopping different methods of contraception (1978) Br Med J, 1, pp. 265-267; Zielhuis, G.A., Hulscher, M., Florack, E.I.M., Validity and reliability of a questionnaire on fe-cundability (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 1151-1156; Joffe, M., Villard, L., Li, Z., Long-term recall of time-to-pregnancy (1993) Fertil Steril, 60, pp. 99-104; Joffe, M., Feasibility of studying subfertility using retrospective self reports (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 268-274; Joffe, M., Epidemiology of occupational reproductive hazards: Methodological aspects (1992) Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 40, pp. S17-S25; Chandley, A.C., On the parental origin of de novo mutation in man (1991) J Med Genet, 28, pp. 217-223 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028584055&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.aje.a117180&partnerID=40&md5=394599d83e958aff1e161f819dce38fe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: Social adjustment at ages 7 and 11 T2 - BMJ J2 - BMJ VL - 309 IS - 6956 SP - 699 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1136/bmj.309.6956.699 SN - 09598138 (ISSN) AU - Done, D.J. AU - Crow, T.J. AU - Johnstone, E.C. AU - Sacker, A. AD - Department of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To investigate the social adjustment in childhood of people who as adults have psychiatric disorders. Design - Subjects in a prospectively followed up cohort (the national child development study) who had been admitted as adults to psychiatric hospitals were compared with the rest of the cohort on ratings of social behaviour made by teachers at the ages of 7 and 11 years. Subjects: 40 adult patients with schizophrenic illnesses, 35 with affective psychoses, and 79 with neurotic illness who had been admitted for psychiatric reasons by the age of 28. 1914 randomly selected members of the cohort who had never been admitted for psychiatric treatment. Main outcome measures: Overall scores and scores for overreaction (externalising behaviour) and underreaction (internalising behaviour) with the Bristol social adjustment guide at ages 7 and 11. Results: At the age of 7 children who developed schizophrenia were rated by their teachers as manifesting more social maladjustment than controls (overall score 4.3 (SD 2.4) v 3.1 (2.0); P <0.01). This was more apparent in the boys (5 (2.6)) than the girls underreactive behaviour. At both ages prepsychotic (affective) children differed little from normal controls. By the age of 11 preneurotic children, particularly the girls, had an increased rating of maladjustment (including overreactions and underreactions). Conclusion: Abnormalities of social adjustment are detectable in childhood in some people who develop psychotic illness. Sex and the rate of development of different components of the capacity for social interaction are important determinants of the risk of psychosis and other psychiatric disorders in adulthood. © 1994, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - age KW - article KW - child KW - clinical article KW - cohort analysis KW - controlled study KW - human KW - priority journal KW - psychosis KW - risk assessment KW - schizophrenia KW - sex difference KW - social behavior KW - Adult KW - Affective Disorders, Psychotic KW - Age Factors KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Hospitalization KW - Hospitals, Psychiatric KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Neurotic Disorders KW - Prospective Studies KW - Schizophrenic Psychology KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Adjustment KW - Social Behavior N1 - Cited By :364 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7950522 LA - English N1 - References: Lane, E.A., Albee, G.W., Childhood intellectual differences between schizophrenic adults and their siblings (1965) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 35, pp. 747-753; Offord, D.R., School performance of adult schizophrenics, their siblings and age mates (1974) Br J Psychiatry, 125, pp. 12-19; Watt, N.F., Stolorow, R.D., Lubensky, A.W., McClelland, D.C., School adjustment and behaviour of children hospitalised for schizophrenia as adults (1970) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 40, pp. 637-657; Watt, N.F., Patterns of childhood social development in adult schizophrenics (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 35, pp. 160-165; Rutter, M.L., , pp. 181-214. , Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. In: Rolf JE, Master AS, Cicchetti D, Neuchterlein KH, Weintraub S, eds. Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology. New York: Cambridge University Press; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shephered, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580; McCreadie, R., The Nithsdale schizophrenia survey. I. Psychiatric and social handicaps (1982) Br J Psychiatry, 140, pp. 582-586; Wing, J., Cooper, J., Sartorius, N., (1974) The description and classification of psychiatric symptomatology: an instruction manual for the PSE and CATEGO system, , London, Cambridge University Press; Stott, G.H., The social adjustment of children. Manual to the Bristol social adjustment guides. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1987; Clausen, J.A., Kohn, M.L., Relation of schizophrenia to the social structure of a small town. In: Pasamanick B, ed. Epidemiology of mental disorder. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1959; Cannon-Spoor, H.E., Potkin, S.G., Wyatt, R.J., Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia (1982) Schizophr Bull, 8, pp. 470-484; Hartman, E., Milofsky, E., Vaillant, G., Oldfield, M., Falke, R., Ducey, C., Vulnerability to schizophrenia: prediction of adult schizophrenia using childhood information (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41, pp. 1050-1056; Ambelas, A., Preschizophrenics: adding to the evidence, sharpening the focus (1992) Br J Psychiatry, 160, pp. 401-404; (1960) Classification of occupations, , General Register Office., London, HMSO; (1986) Users' guide for SPSSX release 2. 1, , SPSS., 2nd ed., Chicago, SPSS; Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S., (1989) Using multivariate statistics, , 2nd ed., New York, Harper and Row; Gotlib, I.H., Hammen, C.L., (1992) Psychological aspects of depression: towards a cognitive-interpersonal integration, , Chichester, Wiley UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027965383&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.309.6956.699&partnerID=40&md5=4dea1b5a878fc000e685617ceb22c937 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The transition from education to work and social independence: A comparison between the united states, the netherlands, west Germany, and the united kingdom T2 - European Sociological Review J2 - Eur. Sociol. Rev. VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 135 EP - 154 PY - 1994 SN - 02667215 (ISSN) AU - Sanders, K. AU - Becker, H.A. AD - Department of Sociology, ICS Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, Netherlands AB - For the members of the cohorts born between 1945 and 1965, the transition from the educational system to the labour market and from social dependence to social independence has changed. This was the case in the United States, The Netherlands, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. The employed between the ages of 15 and 24 make the transition from education to work increasingly later in life in The Netherlands and West Germany. In contrast, this change occurs increasingly earlier in life in the USA, and for the UK at first this change occurs increasingly later and from the 1958 birth cohort it occurs increasingly earlier in life. Furthermore, we conclude that the transition from social dependence to social independence, measured as the number of women who give birth before the age of 25, occurs increasingly later in life in all four countries. In this article four theses are used to explain these changes: the first concerns the size of cohorts, the second centres on the pattern of generations, and the third and fourth involve post-adolescence and individualization. Predictions derived from these theses are tested against empirical data drawn from the United States, The Netherlands, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. Changes are best predicted by the thesis centring on the pattern of generations. © 1994 Oxford University Press. N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sanders, K.; Department of Sociology, ICS Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, Netherlands N1 - References: Allerbeck, K., Hoag, W., (1985) Jugend Ohne Zukunft? Einstellungen, Umwelt, Lebensperspektiven, , Munich: Piper; Ashton, D., Lowe, G., (1991) Making Their Way: Education, Training and the Labour Market in Canada and UK, , Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Beck, U., (1986) Risikogesellschaft, , Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp; Beck, U., (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, , (Theory, Culture& Society Series), London: Sage Publications Ltd; Becker, H.A., (1984) Dutch Generations Today, , Wassenaar: Netherlands Institute of Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences (paper); Becker, H.A., Generaties (1985) Hollands Maandblad, 4, pp. 14-25; Becker, H.A., Trendbreuken, Cohorten en Generaties (1989) Oude Naast Nieuwe Generaties, pp. 21-62. , Becker HA, Hermkens PLJ. (eds.), Utrecht: ISOR; Hermkens, P., The Emergence of Life Histories and Generations Research (1990) Life Histories and Generations, pp. 1-55. , Becker H A. (ed.), Utrecht: ISOR; Hermkens, P., Aspecten van generaties en cohorten, een overzicht van het onderzoeksprogramma (1991) Sociologische Gids, 38 (4), pp. 212-226; Van Berkel, Van Schaik, A.B., Van Snippenburg, L.B., Sociaal-Historische Generaties, verbeelding or empirische werkelijkheid? Een toets van een generatiethese (1991) Sociologische Gids, 38 (4), pp. 213-226; Blossfeld, H.P., Nuthmann, R., Transition from Youth to Adulthood as a Cohort Process in the FRG (1990) Life Histories and Generations, pp. 183-220. , Becker H A. (ed.), Utrecht: ISOR; Boudon, R., (1979) Theories of Social Change, , London: Polity Press; Bynner, J., Roberts, K., (1991) Youth and Work: Transition to Employment in England and Germany, , Rochester: Staples Printers Rochester Ltd; Coleman, J., Micro Foundations and Macrosocial Theory (1986) Approaches to Social Theory, , inLindenberg S, Coleman J, Nowak S. (eds.), New York: Russel Sage Foundation; (various years), New York: United Nations; Dronkers, J., Have Inequalities in Educational Opportunities Changed in The Netherlands? A review of empirical evidence (1983) Netherlands’ Journal of Sociology, 19, pp. 133-150; Easterlin, D., (1980) Birth and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare, , New York: Basic Books; Heek, F., (1988) Het, , Meppel: Boom; Heinz, W., Labor Market Entry and the Individualization of the Life Course (1990) Life Histories and Generations, pp. 563-580. , Becker H A. (ed.), Utrecht: ISOR; Inglehart, R., (1977) The Silent Generation NJ: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics, , Princeton, Princeton University Press; Inglehart, R., (1980) Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Kohli, M., (1986): ‘Social Organization and Subjective Construction of the Life Course’ Human Development and the Life Course: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, pp. 271-292. , Sorenson A, Weinert F E, Sherrod L R. (eds.), Hilldale: Lawrence Erlbaum; Lasch, C., (1979) The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations, , New York: Warner Books; Littwin, S., (1986) The Postponed Generation: Why American Youth are Growing up Later, , New York: William Morrow; Mannheim, K., Das Problem (1928) Kölner Vierteljahreshefte für Soziologie, 7, pp. 157-89, 309-30. , 9; De Moor, R.A., Nederland binnen de Europese cultuur; een Studie naar waarden (1983) Normen En Waarden. Verandering, , Becker J W. (ed.), The, Hague: Vuga; Labour, , various years; Ryder, N.B., The Cohort as a Concept in the Study of Social Change (1965) American Sociological Review, 30, pp. 843-861; Sanders, K., Intrede op de arbeidsmarkt. Generatie-en seksevcrschillen jaar voor Nederland, West-Duitsland en de Verenigde Staten (1993) Sociale, 36 (1), pp. 24-44; Schelsky, H., (1957) Die, , Düsseldorf: Ullstein; Schreuder, O., Religiosität und Wertorientierungen der nierlandischen Jugend (1987) Jugend Und Religion In, , Nembach U. (ed.), Frankfurt: Peter Lang; Schreuder, O., Religieuze veranderingen in Nederland (1989) De Open Samenleving? Sociale Veranderingen, , Gadourek I, Peschar J L. (eds.), Deventer: Van Loghum Slaterus; Schuyt, C., (1973) Recht, , Rotterdam: Universitaire Pers Rotterdam; Welzer, H., (1990) Zwischen Den Stühlen. Eine, , Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0010719523&partnerID=40&md5=0f2c317f72bc9e44bbabfb161b6c4e3f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in a 10-year follow-up study of extended pedigree multicase families T2 - Rheumatology J2 - Rheumatology (UK) VL - 33 IS - 9 SP - 826 EP - 831 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1093/rheumatology/33.9.826 SN - 14620324 (ISSN) AU - Mcdonagh, J.E. AU - Walker, D.J. AD - Department of Rheumatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom AB - A 10-year follow-up study was undertaken of 17 multicase RA families with extended pedigrees to (i) determine the incidence of RA in the previously unaffected members and (ii) to assess the stability of diagnosis as defined by the 1958 and 1987 ARA criteria. In all, eight individuals developed RA. Of these, six were surviving at 10 years-four first degree (FDR), one second degree (SDR) and one non-blood relative (NBR) of the proband equivalent to incidence densities of 9, 3, and 3 per 1000 person years of observation respectively. These are substantially greater than estimates for both the general population and a DR1/4; positive population. The risk of RA is greatest in FDR and this is likely to be due to both shared inherited and environmental factors. The risk in NBR, who share no genetic material is of similar magnitude to more distant blood relatives. Definite/classical RA is a stable diagnosis over time in the majority of cases unlike probable RA which may herald definite RA but usually does not. © 1994 British Society for Rheumatology. KW - Incidence KW - Multicase families KW - Rheumatoid arthritis KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - clinical article KW - diagnostic accuracy KW - environmental factor KW - familial disease KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - inheritance KW - male KW - pedigree KW - priority journal KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - risk KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid KW - Family Health KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Pedigree KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: RUMAF C2 - 8081666 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mcdonagh, J.E.; Department of Rheumatology, Whittington Hospital, Highgate Hill, London N195NF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Deighton, C.M., Walker, D.J., The familial nature of rheumatoid arthritis (1991) Ann Rheum Dis, 50, pp. 2-5; Walker, D.J., Griffiths, I.D., HLA associations are with severe rheumatoid arthritis (1986) Dis Markers, 4, pp. 121-132; Silman, A.J., Hennessy, E., Ollier, B., Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in a genetically predisposed population (1992) Br J Rheumatol, 31, pp. 365-368; Linos, A., Worthington, J.W., O’Fallon, W.M., Kurland, L.T., The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota: A study of incidence, prevalence and mortality (1980) Am J Epidemiol, 111, pp. 97-98; O’Sullivan, J.B., Cathcart, E.S., The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (1972) Ann Int Med, 76, pp. 373-377; Symmons, D., Barrett, E.M., Scott, D., Silman, A.J., The Norfolk Arthritis Register a study of the incidence of RA (1990) Br J Rheumatol, 29 (2), p. 79; Ropes, M., Bennett, G.A., Cobb, S., Jacox R, Jessor R (1958) 1958 Revision of Diagnostic Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis Bull Rheum Dis, 9, pp. 175-176; Arnett, F.C., Edworthy, S.M., Bloch, D.A., The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (1988) Arthritis Rheum, 31, pp. 315-323; Fries, J.F., Spitz, P., Kraines, R.G., Holman, H.R., Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis (1980) Arthritis Rheum, 23, pp. 137-145; Cobb, S., Genetics and the Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases (1965) Public Health Service, 1965, p. 309; Gardner, M.J., Altman, D.G., (1989) Statistics with Confidence, pp. 28-29. , (ed.), London: BMJ; Pinals, R.S., Masi, A.T., Larsen, R., Preliminary criteria for clinical remission in rheumatoid arthritis (1981) Arthritis Rheum, 24, pp. 1308-1315; Moens, H.J., Van De Laar, M., Van Der Korst, J.K., Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of the 1958 and 1987 criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (1992) J Rheumatol, 19, pp. 198-203; Dugowson, C.E., Nelson, J.L., Koepsell, T.D., Evaluation of the 1987 revised criteria for rheumatoid arthritis in a cohort of newly diagnosed female patients (1990) Arthritis Rheum, 33, pp. 1042-1046; De Jongh, B.M., Van Roumunde, L., Valkenburg, H.A., De Lange, G.G., Van Rood, J.J., Epidemiological study of HLA and Gm in rheumatoid arthritis and related symptoms in an open Dutch population (1984) Ann Rheum Dis, 43, pp. 613-619; Schull, W.J., Cobb, S., The intrafamilial transmission of rheumatoid arthritis III (1969) J Chron Dis, 32, pp. 217-222; Wasmuth, A.G., Veale, A., Palmer DG et aL Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in families (1972) Ann Rheum Dis, 1, pp. 5-91; Deighton, C.M., Cavanagh, G., Rigby, A.S., Lloyd, H.L., Walker, D.J., Both inherited HLA-haplotypes are important in the predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis (1993) Br J Rheumatol, 32, pp. 593-598; Bagge, E., Bjelle, A., Eden, S., Svanborg, A., A longitudinal study of the occurrence of joint complaints in elderly people (1992) Age Ageing, 21, pp. 160-167; Mikkelsen, W.M., Dodge, H., A four year follow-up of suspected rheumatoid arthritis: The Tecumseh, Michigan, community health study (1969) Arthritis Rheum, pp. 1237-1291 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027936065&doi=10.1093%2frheumatology%2f33.9.826&partnerID=40&md5=c34f7267c450c27c415d7abdf7ccb6e2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood eczema: Disease of the advantaged? T2 - BMJ J2 - BMJ VL - 308 IS - 6937 SP - 1132 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1136/bmj.308.6937.1132 SN - 09598138 (ISSN) AU - Williams, H.C. AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Hay, R.J. AD - St John's Institute of Dermatology, United Medical Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To determine whether the increased prevalence of childhood eczema inadvantaged socioeconomic groups is due to increased parental reporting. Design: Comparison of parental reports of eczema with visible eczema recorded by medical officers during a detailed physical examination. Setting: National birth cohort study. Subjects: 8279 children from England, Wales, and Scotland born during 3-9 March 1958 and followed up at the ages of 7, 11, and 16. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of eczema according to parental report compared with medical officer's examination at the ages of 7, 11, and 16. Results: Prevalence of both reported and examined eczema increased with rising social class at the ages of 7, 11, and 16 years. The point prevalence of examined eczema at age 7 was 4.8%, 3.6%, 3.6%, 2.4%, 2.2%, and 2.4% in social classes I, II, III non-manual, III manual, IV, and V respectively (X2 value for linear trend 12.6, P<0.001). This trend persisted after adjustment for potential confounders such as region and family size and was not present for examined psoriasis or acne. Conclusions: Eczema is more prevalent among British schoolchildren in social classes I and II than those in lower classes. Exposures associated with social class are probably at least as important as genetic factors in the expression of childhood eczema. © 1994, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - article KW - child KW - childhood disease KW - controlled study KW - eczema KW - environmental exposure KW - high risk population KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Eczema KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :217 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8173454 LA - English N1 - References: Golding, J., Peters, T.J., The epidemiology of childhood eczema. 1. A population based study of associations (1987) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 1, pp. 67-79; Peters, T.J., Golding, J., The epidemiology of childhood eczema. 2. Statistical analysis to identify independent early predictors (1987) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 1, pp. 80-94; Wuthrich, B., (1989) Epidemiology of the allergic diseases: are they really on the increase? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 90, pp. 3-10; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1938–45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; Waters, W.E., Migraine, social class, and familial prevalence (1971) BMJ, 2, pp. 77-81; Atkins, E., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the national survey of health and development (1981) An empirical basis for primary prevention: prospective longitudinal research in Europe, pp. 25-30. , In: Mednick SABaert AEeds., Oxford, Oxford University Press; Golding, J., Peters, T.J., Eczema and hay fever (1986) From birth to five–a study of the health and behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , In: Butler NRGolding Jeds., Oxford, Pergamon Press; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The national child development study: an introduction to the origins of the study and the methods of data collection, , London, NCDS User Support Group, City University; Leete, R., Fox, A.J., Registrar general's social classes: origins and uses (1977) Population Trends, 9, pp. 1-7; Dean, A.G., Dean, J.A., Burton, A.H., Dicker, R.C., (1990) Epi-Info, Version 5.2, , Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control; (1988) Epidemiological graphics, estimation and testing package, , Seattle, Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation; Borelli, S., Schnyder, U.W., Neurodermatitis constitutionalis sive atopica. II (1965) Entzundliche dermatosen II, p. 254. , In: Miescher GStorck Heds., New York, Springer; Bowker, N.C., Cross, K.W., Fairburn, E.A., Wall, M., Sociological implications of an epidemiological study of eczema in the City of Birmingham (1976) Br J Dermatol, 95, pp. 137-144; Forster, J., Dungs, M., Wais, U., Urbanek, R., Atopie-verdachtige symptome in den ersten zwei Lebensjahren (1990) Klin Padiatr, 202, pp. 136-140; Burr, M., Miskelly, F.G., Butland, B.K., Merrett, T.G., Vaughan-Williams, E., Environmental factors and symptoms in infants at high risk of allergy (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 125-132; Arshad, S.W., Hide, D.W., Effect of environmental factors on the development of allergic disorders in infancy (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 90, pp. 235-241; Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene and household size (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 1259-1260; Strachan, D.P., Golding, J., Anderson, H.R., Regional variations in wheezing illness in British children: The effect of migration during early childhood (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 231-236; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Patel, S., Peckham, C., The natural history of asthma in childhood (1986) J Epidemiol Community Health, 40, pp. 121-129; Gergen, P.J., Turkeltaub, P.C., Kovar, M.G., The prevalence of allergic skin test reactivity to eight common aeroallergens in the US population: results from the second national health and nutrition examination survey (1987) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 80, pp. 669-679; Barbee, R.A., Lebowitz, M.D., Thompson, H.C., Burrows, B., Immediate skin test reactivity in a general population sample (1976) Ann Intern Med, 84, pp. 129-133; Freeman, C.L., Johnson, S., Allergic diseases in adolescents (1964) Am J Dis Child, 107, pp. 549-566; Smith, J.M., Incidence of atopic disease (1974) Med Clin North Am, 58, pp. 3-24; Larson, P.-A., Liden, S., Prevalence of skin disease among adolescents 12–16 years of age (1980) Acta Derm Venereol, 60, pp. 415-423; Freeman, G.L., Johnson, S., Allergic diseases in adolescents. I. Description of survey: prevalence of allergy (1964) Am J Dis Child, 107, pp. 549-559; Johnson, M.L.T., Roberts, J., Skin conditions and related need for medical care among persons 1–74 years (1978) Vital Health Statistics, 11, p. 212; Meding, B., Swanbeck, G., Prevalence of hand eczema in an industrial city (1987) Br J Dermatol, 116, pp. 627-634; Smit, H.A., Coenraads, P.J., Epidemiology of contact dermatitis (1993) Monogr Allergy, 31, pp. 29-48; (1979) Morbidity statistics from general practice 1971–2. Second national study, , London, Royal College of General Practitioners, OPCS; Coloff, M.J., Ayres, J., Carswell, F., Howarth, P.H., Merrett, T.G., Mitchell, G.B., The control of allergens of dust mites and domestic pets: a position paper (1992) Clin Exp Allergy, 122, pp. 545-551; Arshad, S.H., Matthews, S., Gant, C., Hide, D., Effect of allergen avoidance on development of allergic disorders in infancy (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 1493-1497; Rajka, G., Atopic dermatitis. Correlation of environmental factors with frequency (1986) Int J Dermatol, 25, pp. 301-304 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028201857&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.308.6937.1132&partnerID=40&md5=f043ff939352846cd5b30a5f3fce58f6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Psoriasis and eczema are not mutually exclusive diseases T2 - Dermatology J2 - DERMATOLOGY VL - 189 IS - 3 SP - 238 EP - 240 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1159/000246845 SN - 10188665 (ISSN) AU - Williams, H.C. AU - Strachan, D.P. AD - St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom AB - Background: Some reports have suggested that psoriasis and eczema are seldom found together. Knowledge of disease co-occurrence could lead to improved understanding of shared or opposing pathological mechanisms. Objective: We sought to determine whether psoriasis and eczema could exist simultaneously and consecutively in the same individuals. Methods: Skin exarmination data relating to 9,263 British children born during March 3rd to 9th, 1958 (the National Child Development Survey), were analysed for the co-occurrence of eczema and psoriasis. Results: Of 354 children with visible eczema at the ages of 11 or 16 years, 5 (1.4%) were also noted to have visible psoriasis, compared to 89 (1.0%) of 8,909 children who did not have visible eczema at 11 or 16 years. The relative risk of psoriasis in a case of eczema was 1.41, 95% confidence intervals from 0.58 to 3.46. Conclusion: Contrary to some hospital-based studies which have suggested that the two diseases are seldom found together; this study of a large and representative population suggests that eczema and psoriasis may co-occur concurrently and consecutively in the same individual. KW - Birth cohort KW - Disease concomitance KW - Relative risk KW - adolescent KW - article KW - clinical article KW - disease association KW - eczema KW - human KW - morbidity KW - priority journal KW - psoriasis KW - risk KW - school child KW - statistics PB - S. Karger AG N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: DERAE C2 - 7949474 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Williams, H.C.; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028075399&doi=10.1159%2f000246845&partnerID=40&md5=03746894a82d87ace498d6b05482e920 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breast cancer among hispanics, American Indians and non-hispanic whites in new Mexico T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 231 EP - 237 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1093/ije/23.2.231 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Eidson, M. AU - Becker, T.M. AU - Wiggins, C.L. AU - Key, C.R. AU - Samet, J.M. AD - Office of Epidemiology, New Mexico Health and Environment Department, Santa Fe, NM, United States AD - Departments of Medicine and Pathology, The New Mexico Tumor Registry, Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States AB - Variation in breast cancer occurrence among women in New Mexico’s three major ethnic groups has not previously been assessed. To address the descriptive epidemiology of breast cancer in New Mexico Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic whites, we calculated incidence rates from population-based registry data covering 1969–1987 and mortality data collected from 1958 to 1987. Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates for New Mexico’s non-Hispanic white women were comparable to those for white women nationwide. In contrast, American Indian women had extremely low incidence and mortality rates for breast cancer; rates for Hispanics were intermediate, but well below those for non-Hispanic white women throughout the study period. Pronounced temporal trends in breast cancer occurrence were evident among Hispanic women, with the incidence rate increasing by 56% over the 19 years of available data and the mortality rate increasing by nearly 100% over 30 years. Age-specific incidence and mortality rates increased at all ages for successive birth cohorts of Hispanic women. For non-Hispanic whites, increasing incidence and mortality rates were also observed, but the increments were much smaller, approximatety 15% for incidence and 30% for mortality. Our data show substantial ethnie differences in breast cancer incidence and mortality in New Mexico, suggesting the need for aetiological investigations to assist in controlling this disease. © 1994 International Epidemiological Association. KW - age KW - american indian KW - article KW - breast cancer KW - cancer mortality KW - caucasian KW - comparative study KW - ethnic difference KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - human KW - priority journal KW - united states KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Caucasoid Race KW - Cause of Death KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Female KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Human KW - Indians, North American KW - Middle Age KW - New Mexico KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Survival Analysis KW - breast cancer KW - cancer incidence KW - ethnic group KW - medical geography KW - USA, New Mexico N1 - Cited By :44 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8082947 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Samet, J.M.; University of New Mexico School of Medicine, New Mexico Tumor Registry, 900 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States N1 - References: Silverberg, E., Lubera, J., Cancer statistics, 1987 (1987) Cancer, 6, pp. 41-49; (1988) Cancer Facts and Figures–1988, , New York: American Cancer Society; (1990) Cancer Statistics Renew 1973–1987, , Gloeckler L A, Hankey B F, Edwards B K (eds), NIH Publ No. 90-2789. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; (1986) Cancer among Blacks and Other Minorities: Statistical Profiles, , NIH Publ No. 86-2785. Roctville, MD: National Cancer Institute; Savitz, D.A., Changes in Spanish surname cancer rates relative to other whites, Denver area, 1969–71 to 1979–81 (1986) Am J Public Health, 76, pp. 1210-1215; Key, C.R., (1981) Cancer incidence and mortality in New Mexico, 1973–1977, pp. 489-595. , I. In: Young, Jr. J L, Percy C L, Asire A J (eds), Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results. Incidence and Mortality Data, 1973–1977. National Cancer Insutute, Monograph No. 57.Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; (1957) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Disease, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Based on the Recommendations of the Seventh Revision Conference, 1955. Geneva: WHO; (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Disease, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Based on the Recommendations of the Eighth Revision Conference, 1965. Geneva: WHO; (1977) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Disease, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Based on the Recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975. Geneva: WHO; Samet, J.M., Wiggins, C.L., Key, C.R., Becker, T.M., Mortality from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in New Mexico, 1958–82 (1988) Am J Public Health, 78, pp. 1182-1186; Census of the Population. 1960. General Population Characteristics Final Report, p. 1961. , New Mexico. PC(I)-33B. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Census of the Population. 1960. Subject Reports: Persons of Spanish Surnames, p. 1963. , Final Report New Mexico. PC(2)-1B. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; (1963) Census of the Population, 1960. Subject Reports: Non- White Persons by Race, , Final Report. New Mexico PC(2)-1 C. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Census of the Population, 1970. General Population Characteristics, p. 1971. , Final Report New Mexico. PC(1)-B33. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; (1973) Census of the Population, 1970. Subject Reports. Final Report, , New Mexico. PC(2)-C1F. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Census of the Population, 1980: General Population Characteristics, p. 1981. , Final Report. New Mexico. PC80-I-B33. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Gonzales, N.L., (1969) The Spanish-Americans of New Mexico: A Heritage of Pride, , Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press; Fergusson, E., (1973) New Mexico: A Pageant of Three Peoples, , Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press; McDonald, E.J., Heinze, E.D., Epidemiology of Cancer in Texas’ Incidence Analyzed by the Type, Ethnic Group, and Geographic Location (1978), New York: Raven Press; Menck, H.R., Henderson, B.E., Cancer incidence rates in the Pacific Basin (1979) National Cancer Institute Monograph, 53, pp. 119-124; Muir, C., Waterhouse, J., Mack, T., Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (1987), 5, pp. 307-309. , Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer; Norsted, T.L., White, E., Cancer incidence among Native Americans of Western Washington (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 22-27; Mahoney, M.C., Michalek, A.M., Cummings K M et al Cancer mortality in a northeastern Native American population (1989) Cancer, 64, pp. 187-190; Homer, R.D., Cancer mortality in Native Americans in North Carolina (1990) Am J Public Health, 80, pp. 940-944; Lamer, A.P., Bulkow, L.R., Ireland, B., Cancer in Alaskan Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts, 1969–1983. Implications for etiology and control (1989) Public Health Leaflets, 104, pp. 658-664; Waterhouse, J., Muir, C., Correa, P., Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (1976), 3, pp. 233-239. , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Waterhouse, J., Muir, C., Snanmugaratnam, K., Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (1982), 4, pp. 301-307. , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Mack, T., Menck, H., Epidemiology of cancer of the gallbladder and extra-hepatic biliary passages (1982) Epidemiology of Cancer of the Digestive Tract, pp. 227-242. , I In: Correa P, Haenszel W. (eds), The Hague: Nijhoff; Samet, J.M., Coultas, D.B., Howard, C.A., Skipper, B.J., Hanis, C.L., Diabetes, gallbladder disease, obesity, and hypertension among Hispanics in New Mexico (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 1302-1311; Stern, M.P., Gaskill, S.P., Allen, C.R., Jr., Cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans in Laredo, Texas. I. Prevalence of overweight and diabetes and distributions of serum lipids (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 113, pp. 546-555; Mueller, W.H., Joos, S.K., Hams, C.L., The diabetes alert study: Growth, fatness, and fat patterning, adolescence through adulthood in Mexican Americans (1984) Am J Phys Anthropol, 64, pp. 389-399; Prevalence of overweight for Hispanics—United States, 1982–1984 MMWR1989, 38, pp. 838-842; Haffner, S.M., Knapp, J.A., Hazuda, H.P., Dietary intakes of macronutnents among Mexican Americans and Anglo Americans: The San Antonio heart study (1985) Am J Clin Nutr, 42, pp. 1266-1275; Newell, G.R., Borrud, L.G., McPherson, R.S., Nutrient intakes o f whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans in Southeast Texas (1988) Prey Med, 17, pp. 622-633; Indian Health Care (1986), OTA-H-290. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, April; Becker, T.M., Wiggins, C.L., Key, C.R., Samet, J.M., Ischemic heart disease mortality in Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico, 1958–1982 (1988) Circulation, 78, pp. 302-309; Wiggins, C.L., Becker, T.M., Methods (1993), Becker T M, Wiggins C L, Elliott R S, Key C R, Samet J M (eds). Racial and Ethnic Patterns of Mortality in New Mexico. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press; Frost, F., Taylor, V., Fries, E., Racial misclasjifkation of Native Americans in a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results cancer registry (1992) J Nail Cancer Inst, 84, pp. 957-962; Vatway, S., Racial Misdassification of American Indians in a Southwestern SEER registry: Comparisons with Indian Health Service Data (1991), (Abstract.) Cancer Update, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, February; Becker, T.M., Wiggins, C.L., Key, C.R., Symptoms, S.J.M., Signs, and ill-defined conditions: A leading cause of death among minorities (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 131, pp. 664-668 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028172642&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f23.2.231&partnerID=40&md5=f81de7bd7e8765a1877bfdf2c8029ff0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: aims and methodology T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 6 EP - 16 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00488.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Ashley, D. AU - McCaw‐Binns, A. AU - Golding, J. AU - Keeling, J. AU - Escoffery, C. AU - Coard, K. AU - Foster‐Williams, K. AD - Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica AD - University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica AD - Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AB - Summary. The Jamaican Perinatal Mortality Survey was designed to identify the true perinatal mortality rate, and assess the factors which could contribute towards a reduction in perinatal mortality on the island. All births in a 2‐month period (n= 10527) were compared with all perinatal deaths occurring over a 12‐month period (n= 2069). Over half the deaths (n= 1058) received a detailed post‐mortem examination. Use of the Wigglesworth classification identifies the major component of perinatal death in this country to be associated with intrapartum asphyxia (44% of deaths). Deaths due to congenital malformations and miscellaneous causes contribute relatively little (< 10%) to the overall mortality rate. Over a quarter of deaths apparently occur before the onset of labour, and a fifth are prematurely liveborn but die of causes related to immaturity. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - asphyxia KW - autopsy KW - childbirth KW - congenital malformation KW - disease classification KW - epidemiology KW - fetus KW - health survey KW - human KW - jamaica KW - labor KW - methodology KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - prematurity KW - Autopsy KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Cause of Death KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Goals KW - Health Surveys KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Jamaica KW - Pregnancy KW - Research Design KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072902 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ashley, D.; Ministry of Health, 10 Caledonia Avenue, Kingston, Jamaica N1 - References: (1988), Economic and Social Survey 1986. Kingston, Jamaica; McCaw‐Binns, A., (1993), Does antenatal care make a difference? An examination of antenatal care in Jamaica and its relationship to pregnancy outcome. University of Bristol, UK: PhD thesis; Figueroa, JP, McCaw, AM, Wint, BA., (1983) Review of primary health care in Jamaica 1977–1982. PAHO Project Consultancy Report, , Washington, DC:, PAHO; Lowry, M., Hall, J., Sparke, B., Perinatal mortality in the University Hospital of the West Indies: 1973–1975 (1976) West Indian Medical Journal, 25, pp. 92-100; Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Foster‐Williams, K., The perinatal morbidity and mortality survey of Jamaica 1986–1987 (1988) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2, pp. 138-147; Butler, NR, Bonham, DG., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh:, E & S Livingstone; Coard, K., Codrington, G., Escoffery, C., Keeling, JW, Ashley, D., Golding, J., Perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1991) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 80, pp. 749-755; Wigglesworth, JS., Monitoring perinatal mortality. A patho‐physiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686; Keeling, JW, MacGillivray, I., Golding, J., Classification of perinatal death (1989) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64, pp. 1345-1351; Coard, K., Codrington, G., Keeling, JW, Fatal malformations in Jamaica (1990) Pediatric Pathology, 10, pp. 729-742; Coard, K., Escoffery, C., Golding, J., Ashley, D., Incidence of anencephaly in Jamaica (1990) Teratology, 41, pp. 173-176; Golding, J., Foster‐Williams, K., Coard, K., Ashley, D., A cluster of central nervous system defects in Jamaica (1990) Human Experimental Toxicology, 9, pp. 13-16; Escoffery, CT, Coard, KCM., Amnion rupture sequence in Jamaica (1989) West Indian Medical Journal, 38, pp. 164-170; Ashley, D., Gayle, C., Fox, K., (1985) A retrospective study of perinatal and neonatal mortality at the Victoria Jubilee Hospital in 1982, , Kingston, Jamaica:, Ministry of Health (Mimeo); Wildschut, HIJ, Tutein Nolthenius‐Puylaert, MCBJE, Viedijk, V., Fetal and neonatal mortality, a matter of care? Report of a survey in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles (1987) British Medical Journal, 295, pp. 894-898 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028239620&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00488.x&partnerID=40&md5=b886d5e392678a58f2af1c7c3bb3cf73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The contribution of twins to perinatal mortality in Jamaica T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 158 EP - 165 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00498.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Ashley, D. AU - Samms‐Vaughan, M. AU - Greenwood, R. AU - Golding, J. AD - Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica AD - University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica AD - Institute of Child Health, Bristol, United Kingdom AB - Summary. The Jamaican Perinatal Mortality Survey collected data that have been used in this paper to estimate: (1) the rate of multiple deliveries on the island; (2) the way in which this varies with demographic features; and (3) the causes of perinatal mortality among twins on the island. The survey consisted of two phases: a study of all births in the months of September and October 1986 (the cohort months) and a study of all perinatal deaths in the 12 months from 1 September 1986 to 31 August 1987. Among the 10408 pregnancies in the cohort months, 99(1.0%) were multiple pregnancies. The twinning rate showed statistically significant trends with maternal age and parity but no association with social factors. Among the 2020 perinatal deaths occurring in the 12‐month period, 173 (8.6%) were twins, with particularly high contribution to the Wigglesworth group ‘deaths from immaturity’. Mortality rate of twins was significantly lower if mothers resided in areas where there were good obstetric and paediatric facilities. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - demography KW - epidemiology KW - fetus KW - human KW - immaturity KW - jamaica KW - maternal age KW - newborn KW - obstetrics KW - perinatal mortality KW - social aspect KW - twin pregnancy KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Jamaica KW - Male KW - Maternal Health Services KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Multiple KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Twins N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072897 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ashley, D.; Ministry of Health, 10 Caledonia Avenue, Kingston, Jamaica N1 - References: Wenstrom, KD, Gall, SA., Incidence, morbidity and mortality, and diagnosis of twin gestations (1988) Clinics in Perinatology, 15, pp. 1-11; Golding, J., The epidemiology of perinatal death (1991) Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, pp. 401-436. , Editor, Kiely M., Boca Raton USA:, CRC Press; Golding, J., Factors associated with twinning and other multiple birth (1990) Social and Biological Effects on Perinatal Mortality. Vol III Perinatal Analyses, pp. 21-66. , Editor, Golding J., Bristol, UK:, Bristol University; Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Golding, J., Keeling, J., Escoffery, C., Coard, K., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: aims and methodology (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 6-16; Golding, J., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Associations between social and environmental factors and perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 17-39; Wigglesworth, JS., Monitoring perinatal mortality. A patho‐physiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686; Dean, G., Keane, T., An investigation of the high twinning rate in the Republic of Ireland (1972) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 26, pp. 186-192; Jeanneret, O., MacMahon, B., Secular changes in rates of multiple births in the United States (1962) American Journal of Human Genetics, 14, pp. 410-425; Layde, PM, Erickson, JD, Falek, A., McCarthy, BJ., Congenital malformations in twins (1980) American Journal of Human Genetics, 32, pp. 69-78; McCarthy, BJ, Sachs, BP, Layde, PM, Burton, A., Terry, JS, Rochat, R., The epidemiology of neonatal death in twins (1981) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 141, pp. 252-256 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028245913&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00498.x&partnerID=40&md5=cc74302bce0d4ba187aa9c5750f8acd1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of risk of perinatal death in Jamaica T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 166 EP - 173 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00499.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Greenwood, R. AU - Ashley, D. AD - Institute of Child Health, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Ministry of Health, Jamaica AB - Summary. Data from the Jamaican Perinatal Mortality Survey had been used to create a statistical model using logistic regression.1 From this a simple additive scoring system to predict perinatal death was devised and tested on the 2 cohort months of the study. The score had a theoretical range of 0–28 points, with the higher the score, the greater the likelihood of a perinatal death. For a cut‐point of 7, sensitivity was 43% and specificity 84%. A cut‐point of 8 resulted in 27% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Higher cut‐points resulted in much reduced sensitivity but enhanced specificity (e.g. cut‐point 10: 11% sensitivity, 99% specificity). However, it is likely that these estimates are optimistically high, and to achieve unbiased estimates of sensitivity and specificity the score needs to be tested on a sample of the population from which it was not derived before implementation takes place. Meanwhile, the cut‐off level for implementation will depend on appropriate resources available. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - epidemiology KW - health survey KW - human KW - jamaica KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - regression analysis KW - resource management KW - risk KW - scoring system KW - statistical model KW - theoretical study KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Forecasting KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Jamaica KW - Midwifery KW - Models, Statistical KW - Mothers KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Risk Factors KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072898 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Greenwood, R.; University of Bristol, Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Greenwood, R., Golding, J., McCaw‐Binns, A., Keeling, J., Ashley, D., The epidemiology of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 143-157; Ashley, D., Samms‐Vaughan, M., Greenwood, R., Golding, J., The contribution of twins to perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 158-165; Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Golding, J., Keeling, J., Escoffery, C., Coard, K., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: aims and methodology (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 6-16; Peters, TJ, Newcombe, RG., Risk assessment in obstetrics: methodological and statistical issues (1990) Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, pp. 469-489. , Editor, Kiely M., Boca Raton:, CRC Press; Wildschutt, HIJ., Risk assessment of preterm birth: epidemiological considerations. University of Bristol, UK: MD thesisUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028305275&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00499.x&partnerID=40&md5=b02ff604f66ac5effac5bd94fa9c5df7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Association of time to pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy T2 - Fertility and Sterility J2 - FERTIL. STERIL. VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 75 PY - 1994 SN - 00150282 (ISSN) AU - Joffe, M. AU - Li, Z. AD - Academic Department of Public Health, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom AB - Objective: To examine the relationship of subfertility with miscarriage, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. Design: Comparison of time to pregnancy distributions between pregnancies that had different outcomes. Three comparisons were made: (a) miscarriages with live births; within live births, (b) low birth weight infant (up to 2,500 grams) or not low birth weight; (c) preterm birth (37 weeks or less) or not preterm. Cox regression was used to adjust for covariates. Population: All first pregnancies were analyzed from the National Child Development Study, a large survey of young adults aged 33 years, which is nationally representative of the British-born population. Main Outcome Measures: The distribution of the time taken to conceive (time to pregnancy), miscarriage, birth weight, and preterm delivery. Results: Pregnancies that ended in miscarriage tended to take 23% longer to conceive, after adjustment for the other variables. Pregnancies that resulted in preterm delivery tended to take 15% longer to conceive. There was no statistically significant association with low birth weight. Conclusions: Delay in time to conception is a risk factor for poor obstetric outcome, irrespective of medical intervention. KW - abortion KW - fecundability KW - Fecundity KW - fertility KW - infant KW - infant KW - infertility KW - low birth weight KW - miscarria ge KW - premature KW - preterm delivery KW - subfertility KW - adult KW - article KW - disease association KW - female KW - female fertility KW - female infertility KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - premature labor KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - spontaneous abortion KW - statistical analysis PB - Elsevier Inc. N1 - Cited By :78 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: FESTA C2 - 8005307 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joffe, M.; Academic Department of Public Health, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028365592&partnerID=40&md5=45bc6eb873d0d07ce323378bb37dd000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deaths associated with intrapartum asphyxia in Jamaica T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 119 EP - 142 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00496.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Escoffery, C. AU - Greenwood, R. AU - Ashley, D. AU - Coard, K. AU - Keeling, J. AU - Golding, J. AD - University of the West Indies, Jamaica AD - Ministry of Health, Jamaica AD - Institute of Child Health, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Department of Pathology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AB - Summary. The Jamaican Perinatal Mortality Survey compared all 2069 perinatal deaths occurring during the 12 months between 1 September 1986 and 31 August 1987 with 10086 survivors born in the 2 months of September and October 1986. The Wigglesworth classification identified 44% of the deaths as attributable to intrapartum asphyxia (IPA), and this grouping was largely confirmed by post‐mortem examination where it had been carried out. About half of these babies weighed 2500 g + and death should have been largely preventable. Comparison of the 813 IPA singleton deaths with 9919 singleton survivors using logistic regression showed independent associations with maternal employment status, the number of children in the household, maternal height, whether or not the mother was trying to get pregnant, or had ever used an intrauterine contraceptive device. Medical conditions such as syphilis, untreated vaginal infection, bleeding < 28 weeks, bleeding 28+ weeks, highest diastolic and first diastolic blood pressures and eclamptic fits antenatally were all strongly associated. Mothers who commenced antenatal care in the first trimester were at reduced risk as were those who took iron during pregnancy. There were substantial reductions in mortality in areas where better medical facilities were available. To this model, features of previous obstetric history were offered, but the only variables which entered were those relating to prior perinatal deaths and immediately preceding miscarriage and termination. Examination of specific features in the management of labour and delivery is a logical basis for the introduction of changes in practice. Caesarean section is unlikely to be appropriate but it is suggested that more active interventions in terms of use of forceps and/or vacuum extraction may be useful. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - iron KW - article KW - autopsy KW - bleeding KW - body height KW - cesarean section KW - delivery KW - diastolic blood pressure KW - disease classification KW - eclampsia KW - employment KW - epidemiology KW - etiology KW - family planning KW - family size KW - health care availability KW - human KW - intrauterine contraceptive device KW - jamaica KW - labor KW - mother KW - newborn KW - perinatal asphyxia KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy termination KW - prenatal care KW - regression analysis KW - spontaneous abortion KW - syphilis KW - vaginitis KW - Asphyxia Neonatorum KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Female KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Jamaica KW - Labor Complications KW - Labor Presentation KW - Labor, Obstetric KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Survival Analysis KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072895 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; University of Bristol, Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6 N1 - References: Wigglesworth, JS., Monitoring perinatal mortality. A patho‐physiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686; Butler, NR, Bonham, DG., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh:, E & S Livingstone; Rojas Ochoa, FR., (1981), Investigacion perinatal. Institute de Desarollo de la Salud. La Habana, Cuba: Editorial Cientifico‐Technica; Coard, K., Codrington, G., Escoffery, C., Keeling, JW, Ashley, D., Golding, J., Perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1991) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 80, pp. 749-755; Escoffery, CT, Coard, KCM, Keeling, JW, Perinatal mortality in Jamaica: the role of intrapartum asphyxia.; Escoffery, CT, Coard, KCM, Keeling, JW, Signs of birth trauma among perinatal deaths in Jamaica.; Ashley, D., Samms‐Vaughan, M., Greenwood, R., Golding, J., The contribution of twins to perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 158-165; Golding, J., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Associations between social and environmental factors and perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 17-39; Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Does maternal behaviour influence the risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 54-65; Ashley, D., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Golding, J., Medical conditions present during pregnancy and risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 66-85; Greenwood, R., Samms‐Vaughan, M., Golding, J., Ashley, D., Past obstetric history and risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 40-53; Thomas, PW., (1991), Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: classification, prediction and outcome. University of Bristol, UK: PhD thesis; Little, RE, Weinberg, CR., Risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth (1993) American Journal of Epidemiology, 137, pp. 1177-1189; De Muylder, X., Amy, JJ., Caesarean section rates in an African country (1993) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 7, pp. 234-244 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028245912&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00496.x&partnerID=40&md5=8d14ba3c418197f101814233ca8acbce ER - TY - JOUR TI - The epidemiology of perinatal death in Jamaica T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 143 EP - 157 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00497.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Greenwood, R. AU - Golding, J. AU - McCaw‐Binns, A. AU - Keeling, J. AU - Ashley, D. AD - Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica AD - Ministry of Health, Jamaica AD - Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AB - Summary. Information from the Jamaican Perinatal Mortality Survey was used to identify features of mothers and their pregnancies that were independently associated with perinatal death. Social, biological, environmental, life style and medical aspects of mothers and their pregnancies were collected on two inter‐locking subsamples: (1) all births on the island of Jamaica in the 2 months of September and October 1986, the ‘cohort months’, and (2) all fetal deaths of weight 500 g or more, together with all neonatal deaths, in the 12‐month period from 1 September 1986 to 31 August 1987. Singleton survivors from the cohort months were compared with all perinatal deaths in the 12‐month period using logistic regression. The first model omitted items concerning past obstetric history, but these were included in the second model. In total, 21 variables entered the first model and 24 the second. The only item that became non‐significant when past obstetric history was included was maternal age. The final model compared 1017 perinatal deaths with 7672 survivors. It consisted of the following: union (marital) status (married being at lower risk, P < 0.01), maternal employment status (housewives at lowest risk, P < 0.001), number of adults in household (the more the higher the risk, P < 0.05), the number of children aged < 11 (the more the lower the risk, P < 0.0001), use of toilet facilities (shared with other households increased risk, P < 0.001), maternal height (tall women at reduced risk, P < 0.001), mother's report that she was trying to get pregnant (P < 0.001), maternal alcohol consumption (drinkers had lower risk, P < 0.05), maternal syphilis (higher risk, P < 0.0001), bleeding before 28 weeks (higher risk, P < 0.0001), bleeding at 28 weeks or more (higher risk, P < 0.0001), first diastolic blood pressure (80mm + at higher risk, P < 0.0001), highest diastolic blood pressure (100mm + at increased risk, P < 0.0001), highest proteinuria (++ or more at increased risk, P < 0.0001), vaginal discharge/infection (untreated at increased risk, P < 0.001), pre‐eclampsia diagnosed in antenatal period (increased risk, P < 0.01), maternal diabetes (increased risk, P < 0.05), start of antenatal care (first trimester at reduced risk, P < 0.01), iron taken (reduced risk, P < 0.0001), type of perinatal care available in parish of residence (reduced risk if consultant obstetricians and paediatricians available at all times, P < 0.0001), number of miscarriages and terminations (the more the higher the risk, P < 0.0001), previous stillbirth (higher risk, P < 0.0001), previous early neonatal death (higher risk, P < 0.001), previous Caesarean section (higher risk, P < 0.01). The implications for reduction in perinatal mortality rates are discussed. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - iron KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - biology KW - bleeding KW - body height KW - diastolic blood pressure KW - employment KW - environmental factor KW - epidemiology KW - family planning KW - family size KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - health care availability KW - human KW - induced abortion KW - jamaica KW - lifestyle KW - marriage KW - maternal age KW - maternal diabetes mellitus KW - mother KW - newborn KW - newborn death KW - perinatal mortality KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal care KW - proteinuria KW - regression analysis KW - sanitation KW - social aspect KW - spontaneous abortion KW - syphilis KW - vagina discharge KW - Cohort Studies KW - Epidemiology KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Jamaica KW - Maternal Behavior KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prenatal Care KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072896 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Greenwood, R.; University of Bristol, Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6 N1 - References: Golding, J., The epidemiology of perinatal death (1991) Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, pp. 401-436. , Editor, Kiely M., Boca Raton:, CRC Press; Rao, RSS, Inbaraj, SG., Extent of perinatal loss in south Indian urban and rural populations (1975) Indian Pediatrics, 12, pp. 221-227; Butler, NR, Bonham, DG., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh:, E & S Livingstone; Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Golding, J., Keeling, J., Escoffery, C., Coard, K., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: aims and methodology (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 6-16; Greenwood, R., Assessment of risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 166-173; Golding, J., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Associations between social and environmental factors and perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 17-39; Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Does maternal behaviour influence the risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 54-65; Ashley, D., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Golding, J., Medical conditions present during pregnancy and risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 66-85; McCaw‐Binns, A., Greenwood, R., Ashley, D., Golding, J., Antenatal and perinatal care in Jamaica: Do they reduce perinatal death rates (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 86-97; Greenwood, R., Samms‐Vaughan, M., Golding, J., Ashley, D., Past obstetric history and risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 40-53; Ashley, D., Samms‐Vaughan, M., Greenwood, R., Golding, J., The contribution of twins to perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 158-165; Mavalankar, DV, Trivedi, CR, Gray, RH., Levels and risk factors for perinatal mortality in Ahmedabad, India (1991) Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 69, pp. 435-442; Greenwood, R., Foster‐Williams, K., Ashley, D., Keeling, J., Golding, J., The epidemiology of antepartum fetal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 98-109; McCaw‐Binns, A., Greenwood, R., Coard, K., Ashley, D., Golding, J., Perinatal deaths as a result of immaturity in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 110-118; Escoffery, C., Greenwood, R., Ashley, D., Coard, K., Keeling, J., Golding, J., Deaths associated with intrapartum asphyxia in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 119-142; Golding, J., Peters, TJ., Quantifying risk in pregnancy (1988) Pregnancy and Risk: the Basis for Rational Management, pp. 7-21. , Editors, James DK, Stirrat GM., Chichester:, John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Little, RE, Weinberg, CR., Risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth (1993) American Journal of Epidemiology, 137, pp. 1177-1189; Prager, K., Malin, H., Spiegler, D., Van Natta, P., Placek, PJ., Smoking and drinking behaviour before and during pregnancy of married mothers of live‐born and stillborn infants (1984) Public Health Reports, 99, pp. 117-127; Gibbens, GLD, Chard, T., Observations on maternal oxytocin release during human labour and the effect of intravenous alcohol administration (1976) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 126, pp. 243-246; Keeling, JW, McCaw‐Binns, A., Ashley, D., Golding, J., Maternal mortality: Health care provision and causes of death (1991) International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 35, pp. 19-27; McCaw‐Binns, A., (1993), Does antenatal care make a difference? An examination of antenatal care in Jamaica and its relationship to pregnancy outcome. University of Bristol, UK: PhD thesis; Settler, RW, Cunningham, FG., Natural history of chronic proteinuria complicating pregnancy (1992) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 167, pp. 1219-1224; Prabhakar, P., Bailey, A., Smikle, M., McCaw‐Binns, A., Ashley, D., Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus (TORCH) and syphilis in Jamaican pregnant women (1991) West Indian Medical Journal, 40, pp. 166-169 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028243897&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00497.x&partnerID=40&md5=aadc6d57779535bef9fef23734a7e108 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How sick is the west of scotland? Age specific comparisons with national datasets on a range of health measures T2 - Scottish Medical Journal J2 - Scott. Med. J. VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 101 EP - 109 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1177/003693309403900403 SN - 00369330 (ISSN) AU - West, P. AU - Ford, G. AU - Hunt, K. AU - Macintyre, S. AU - Ecob, R. AD - MRC Medical Sociology Unit, 6 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, United Kingdom AB - The Central Clydeside Conurbation (CCC) has relatively high mortality rates. This paper examines whether it also has relatively high rates of ill health, using data from three cohorts (aged 15, 35 and 55 in 1987/88) in the West of Scotland. Comparisons on a range of self-reported physical and mental health indicators, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and respiratory function were made with comparable age groups in ten British or Scottish national studies. The older two cohorts in the CCC exhibited relatively high rates of longstanding and limiting longstanding illness and the youngest cohort had relatively poor psychosocial health, compared to their age peers elsewhere. Fewer differences were found in blood pressure, anthropometric measures or respiratory function although older CCC residents were slightly shorter than in Britain as a whole and had slightly poorer respiratory function. Central Clydesiders in the late 1980s were generally in poorer health than those of the same sex and similar age elsewhere in the UK, but the extent of the disadvantage varied across different dimensions of health, and was not as marked as some stereotypes of the West of Scotland would suggest. © 1994, The Scottish Medical Journal. All rights reserved. KW - age specific morbidity KW - regional comparisons KW - West of Scotland KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - anthropometry KW - article KW - blood pressure KW - cohort analysis KW - health KW - health status KW - health survey KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - mental health KW - morbidity KW - mortality KW - respiratory function KW - united kingdom KW - Adaptation, Psychological KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Blood Pressure KW - Body Mass Index KW - Chronic Disease KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Human KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Mortality KW - Poverty KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Risk Factors KW - Scotland KW - Sex Distribution KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8778956 LA - English N1 - References: Whitehead, M., (1987) The health divide: inequalities in health in the 1980s, , London Health Education Authority; Maciver, S., (1988) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Sociodemographic and mortality profiles of the study area, , Glasgow, MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No. 10; Watt, G.C.M., Ecob, R., Mortality in Glasgow and Edinburgh: a paradigm of inequality in health (1992) J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health, 46, pp. 498-505; West, P., Inequalities? Social class differentials in health in British youth (1988) Soc. Sci. Med., 27 (4), pp. 291-296; (1989) Readings for a new public health, pp. 56-74. , Martin CJ, McQueen DV, (Eds). Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press, et al; Macintyre, S., Social correlates of human height. Sci. Prog (1988) Oxford, 72, pp. 493-510; MacIver, S., Macintyre, S., (1987) The West of Scotland Twenty-07 study; selection of the study localities and region, , Glasgow MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working paper no 4; (1993) Scotland. 1991 Census, Strathclyde Region, 2. , General Register Office, Part 1 Vol HMSO Edinburgh; Bailey, J., 1991 Census results for local authority districts in Great Britain; Some key statistics from the 1991 Census on the social characteristics of people and households (1993) Pop. Trends, 73, pp. 8-17; Black, R., Instead of the 1986 Census: the potential contribution of enhanced registers (1985) J. R. Statist. Soc. A., 148, pp. 287-316; Ecob, R., (1987) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: The sampling scheme, frame and procedures for the cohort studies, , Glasgow MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No.6; Ecob, R., (1992) Evaluation of weighting schemes for the regional samples of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study cohorts, , Glasgow MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No.22; West, P., (1993) Comparisons of health measures between the Twenty-07 cohorts and other datasets using weighted and unweighted data, , Glasgow MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No.46; West, P., Sweeting, H., (1992) Distribution of basic information from the 1990 follow-up of the Twenty-07 Study youth cohort, , Glasgow MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No.32; (1992) General Household Survey 1990, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. London HMSO; Goldberg, D., (1978) Manual of the General Health Questionnaire, , Windsor NFER-Nelson; Burvill, P.W., Knuiman, M.W., Which version of the General Health Questionnaire should be used in community studies? Aust. N.Z.J (1983) Psychiat, 17, pp. 237-242; Arber, S., (1993) General Household Survey 1988/89, , Guildford University of Surrey; Cox, B.D., Blaxter, M., Buckle, A.L.J., (1987) The health and lifestyle survey: preliminary report, , London The Health Promotion Research Trust; Knight, I., (1984) The heights and weights of adults in Great Britain, , London Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, HMSO; Corti, L., (1993) The reliability and validity of the GHQ-12 in a large scale national panel survey, , Paper presented at British Sociological Association Medical Sociology Group Conference, York; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The imprint of time: childhood history and adult life, , Oxford Oxford University Press; (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , Ferri E, (Ed. London The National Children's Bureau, the Social Statistics Research Unit and the Economic and Social Research Council; Shaper, A.G., Pocock, S.J., Walker, M., Cohen, N.M., Wale, C.J., Thomson, A.G., British Regional Heart Study: cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns (1981) Br. Med. J., 283, pp. 179-186; Smith, N.C.S., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Crombie, I.K., Tavendale, R., Concomitants of excess coronary deaths — major risk factor and lifestyle findings from 10359 men and women in the Scottish Heart Health Study (1989) Scot Med J, 34, pp. 550-555; Hendry, L.B., Shucksmith, J., Love, J.G., Glendinning, A., (1993) Young People's leisure and lifestyles, , London Routledge; Furlong, A., Raffe, D., (1989) Young people's routes into the labour market, , ESU Discussion Paper Edinburgh Industry Department for Scotland; Conroy, R.M., O'Brien, E., O'Malley, K., Atkins, N., Measurement error in the Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer: what damage has been done and what can we learn (1993) Br. Med. J., 306, pp. 1319-1322; Strachan, D.P., Cox, B.D., Erzinclioglu, S.W., Walters, D.E., Whichelow, M.J., Ventilatory function and winter fresh fruit consumption in a random sample of British adults (1991) Thorax, 46, pp. 624-629; Khaw, K.T., Marmott, M.G., Blood pressure in 15- to 16-year old adolescents of different ethnic groups in two London schools (1983) Postgrad. Med. J., 59, pp. 630-631; Orchard, T.J., Hedley, A.J., Mitchell, J.R.A., The distribution and associations of blood pressure in an adolescent population (1982) J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health, 36, pp. 35-42; Brotons, C., Singh, P., Nishio, T., Labarthe, D.R., Blood pressure by age in childhood and adolescence: a review of 129 surveys world-wide. Int. J (1989) Epidemiol., 18, pp. 824-829; (1993) No.27. O.P.C.S. and General Register Office, Scotland, , Census Newsletter; Simpson, S., Personal Communication, Census Microdata Unit, University of Manchester; Blaxter, M., (1990) Health and lifestyles, , London Tavistock & Routledge; Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Wannamethee, G., Height and social class in middle aged British men (1988) J Epidemiol Comm Health, 42, pp. 299-303; Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Smith, W.C.S., Crombie, I.K., Tavendale, R., Coronary risk factor and lifestyle variation across Scotland; results from the Scottish Heart Health Study (1989) Scot Med J, 34, pp. 556-560 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027971219&doi=10.1177%2f003693309403900403&partnerID=40&md5=bc1146bbf037adb363953f38437a7899 ER - TY - JOUR TI - After Care: The education and occupation of adults who have been in care T2 - Oxford Review of Education J2 - Oxf. Rev. Educ. VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 361 EP - 374 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1080/0305498940200309 SN - 03054985 (ISSN) AU - Cheung, S.Y. AU - Heath, A. AD - Nuffield College, Oxford OX1 1NF, United Kingdom AB - Data from the 1981 and 1991 sweeps of the National Child Development Study are used to explore the educational qualifications and the subsequent occupations of people who had experienced care as children. The results confirm previous investigations which show that people who have been in care have much lower educational qualifications than their peers who have never been in care; they also show that they have higher risks of unemployment and, if they obtain jobs, are more likely to be in lower-level jobs. These results do not, however, apply equally to all people who have ever been in care. People who experienced short periods of care before the age of one perform close to the national average, while one of the most disadvantaged groups are people who came into care before eleven years of age and did not leave care until after eleven. This group typically remained in care for around nine years, and they not only had low educational attainments but also had even lower occupational attainments than would have been expected given their lack of qualifications. © 1994, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :48 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Burgess, C., (1981) Care and Into Work, , (London, Tavistock Publications); Cheng, Y., Heath, A., Ethnic origins and class destinations (1993) Oxford Review of Education, 19 (2), pp. 151-165; Duncan, O.D., Inheritance of poverty or inheritance of race? (1968) On Understanding Poverty: Perspectives from the Social Sciences, , D.P. MoyniHAN (ed.), (New York: Basic Books); Essen, Lambert, L., Head, J., School attainment of children who have been in care, Child: Care (1976) Health and Development, 2, pp. 339-351; Fienberg, S.E., (1987) The Analysis of Cross-Classsified Categorical Data, , (Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press); Garnett, L., (1992) Leaving Care and After, , (London, National Children’s Bureau); Goldthorpe, J.H., (1987) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modem Britain, , (Oxford, Clarendon Press); Heath, A.F., (1981) Social Mobility, , (Glasgow, Fontana); Heath, A.F., Mills, C., Roberts, J.H., Towards meritocracy? Recent evidence on an old problem (1992) Social Research and Social Reform: Essays in Honour of A.H Halsey, , C. Crouch & A. F. Heath (eds), (Oxford, Clarendon Press); Heath, A.F., Colton, M.J., Aldgate, J., Failure to escape: A longitudinal study of foster-children’s educational attainment (1994) British Journal of Social Work, 24, pp. 241-259; Lambert, L., Essen, J., Head, J., Variations in behaviour ratings of children who have been in care (1977) Journal of Child Psychiatry, 18, pp. 335-346; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape from Disadvantage, , (London, Falmer); Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An introduction to the origins of the Study and the methods of data collection, , (NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 1); Stein, M., Carey, K., (1986) Leaving Care, , (Oxford, Blackwell); Stein, M., Leaving care: Education and career trajectories (1994) Oxford Review of Education, , this issue UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937313092&doi=10.1080%2f0305498940200309&partnerID=40&md5=8c6098b6391948751831bde31a01bfc5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does maternal behaviour influence the risk of perinatal death in Jamaica? T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 54 EP - 65 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00491.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Greenwood, R. AU - McCaw‐Binns, A. AD - Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of West Indies, Jamaica AB - Summary. Features of behaviour of mothers of singleton perinatal deaths collected over the 12‐month period from 1 September 1986 to 31 August 1987 were compared with 9919 mothers of singleton infants born in September and October 1986 and surviving the first week of life, as part of the Jamaican Perinatal Mortality Survey. For perinatal deaths as a whole, and in the presence of maternal age and social and environmental features, logistic regression analyses showed that the following were independently related with higher risk of mortality: (1) deliberately trying to get pregnant; (2) ever having used Depo Provera; (3) not drinking alcohol in pregnancy; and (4) smoking cigarettes in pregnancy. There were no associations with coital frequency, ever using the contraceptive pill or smoking ganja (cannabis). Deaths were classified using the Wigglesworth scheme, and separate analyses carried out for the three major groups ‐ antepartum fetal deaths, deaths from immaturity and deaths from intrapartum asphyxia. Antepartum fetal deaths were at increased risk if (1) mothers were deliberately trying to get pregnant or (2) they had ever used Depo Provera. Deaths from immaturity were not associated with any health behaviour variables. Deaths from intrapartum asphyxia were more likely if (1) the mother was deliberately trying to get pregnant or (2) she had never used an intrauterine contraceptive device. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - medroxyprogesterone acetate KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - asphyxia KW - cigarette smoking KW - disease classification KW - environmental factor KW - epidemiology KW - fetus KW - human KW - immaturity KW - intrauterine contraceptive device KW - jamaica KW - maternal age KW - maternal behavior KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - regression analysis KW - social aspect KW - Asphyxia Neonatorum KW - Coitus KW - Contraception KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Jamaica KW - Logistic Models KW - Maternal Behavior KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Risk Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :20 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072901 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Greenwood, R.; Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS28BJ, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: medroxyprogesterone acetate, 71-58-9 N1 - References: Keddie, AM., Psychosocial factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Jamaica (1992) Adolescence, 27, pp. 873-890; Porter, JB, Hunter‐Mitchell, J., Jick, H., Drugs and stillbirth (1986) American Journal of Public Health, 76, pp. 1428-1431; Rothman, KJ., Fetal loss, twinning and birthweight after oral contraceptive use (1977) New England Journal of Medicine, 297, pp. 468-471; Maternal smoking in pregnancy (1988) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2, pp. 2-4; Fabia, J., Cigarettes pendant la grossesse, poids de naissance et mortalité périnatale (1973) Anadian Medical Journal, 109, pp. 1104-1109; Meyer, MB, Tonascia, JA, Buck, C., The inter‐relationship of maternal smoking and increased perinatal mortality with other risk factors further analysis of the Ontario Perinatal Mortality Study, 1960–61 (1975) American Journal of Epidemiology, 100, pp. 443-452; Rush, D., Kass, EH., Maternal smoking: a reassessment of the association with perinatal mortality (1972) American Journal of Epidemiology, 96, pp. 183-196; Naeye, RL., Relationship of cigarette smoking to congenital anomalies and perinatal death (1978) American Journal of Pathology, 90, pp. 289-292; Rantakallio, P., Social background of mothers who smoke during pregnancy and influence of these factors on the offspring (1979) Social Science and Medicine, 13 A, pp. 423-429; Cnattingius, S., Haglund, B., Meirik, O., Cigarette smoking as risk factor for the late fetal and early neonatal death (1988) British Medical Journal, 297, pp. 258-261; Butler, NR, Alberman, ED., (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh:, Churchill Livingstone; Gibson, GT, Bayhurst, PA, Colley, DP., Maternal alcohol, tobacco and cannabis consumption and the outcome of pregnancy (1983) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 23, pp. 15-19; Prager, K., Malin, H., Spiegler, D., Van Natta, P., Placek, PJ., Smoking and drinking behaviour before and during pregnancy of married mothers of live‐born and stillborn infants (1984) Public Health Reports, 99, pp. 117-127; Little, RE, Weinberg, CR., Risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth (1993) American Journal of Epidemiology, 137, pp. 1177-1189; Kaminski, M., Rumeau, C., Schwartz, D., Alcohol consumption in pregnant women and the outcome of pregnancy (1978) Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2, pp. 155-163; Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Golding, J., Keeling, J., Escoffery, C., Coard, K., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: aims and methodology (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 6-16; Golding, J., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Associations between social and environmental factors and perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 17-39; Laukaran, VH, Van den Berg, BJ., The relationship of maternal attitude to pregnancy outcomes and obstetric complications: a cohort of unwanted pregnancy (1980) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 136, pp. 374-379; Naeye, RL., Coitus and associated amniotic fluid infections (1979) New England Journal of Medicine, 301, pp. 1198-1200; Klebanoff, MA, Nugent, RP, Rhoads, GG., Coitus during pregnancy, is it safe (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 914-917; Lumley, J., Astbury, J., Advice for pregnancy (1989) Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, pp. 237-254. , Editors, Chalmers I., Enkin M., Keirse MJNC., Oxford:, Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028244508&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00491.x&partnerID=40&md5=ed8122bf15a76505fc8a39c0d0a10a4e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk of cancer following partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease T2 - British Journal of Surgery J2 - Br. J. Surg. VL - 81 IS - 8 SP - 1164 EP - 1167 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1002/bjs.1800810827 SN - 00071323 (ISSN) AU - Lundegårdh, G. AU - Adami, H.‐O. AU - Helmick, Ch. AU - Zack, M. AD - Department of Surgery, Luleå-Boden Hospitals, Uppsala, Sweden AD - Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden AD - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States AD - Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, United States AB - The relative risk of developing cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease, expressed as the standardized incidence ratio, was examined in a population‐based cohort comprising 6459 patients operated on between 1950 and 1958. Follow‐up to 1983 revealed 1112 patients with cancer versus 1128 expected cases (relative risk 1·0 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·9–1·1)). The overall risk increased over time; it was higher in younger than in older patients but was not related to sex, surgical procedure (Billroth I or II gastrectomy) or diagnosis at operation (duodenal or stomach ulcer). There was an increased risk for lung cancer (relative risk 1·5 (95 per cent c.i. 1·2–1·7)), for oesophageal cancer in patients operated on for stomach ulcer (relative risk 2·2 (95 per cent c.i. 1·0–4·2)) and for cancer of the biliary tract in men (relative risk 1·9 (95 per cent c.i. 1·2–2·9)) and in those operated on for duodenal ulcer (relative risk 1·7 (95 per cent c.i. 1·0–2·8)). The overall risk for genital cancer in women was unchanged but decreased with increasing duration of follow‐up and age. Cancers of the nervous system occurred less frequently than expected (relative risk 0·5 (95 per cent c.i. 0·3–0·8)), while the risk for cancer of the buccal cavity, lymphatic and haematopoietic systems, pancreas, breast, prostate, kidney and bladder was unchanged. Copyright © 1994 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. KW - article KW - cancer risk KW - controlled study KW - duodenum ulcer KW - female KW - follow up KW - gastrectomy KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - stomach ulcer KW - sweden KW - united states KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Duodenal Ulcer KW - Female KW - Gastrectomy KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Neoplasms KW - Postoperative Period KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Distribution KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7953349 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lundegårdh, G.; Department of Surgery, Central Hospital, Boden, S-96185, Sweden N1 - References: Lundegårdh, G, Adami, HO, Helmick, C, Zack, M, Meirik, O, Stomach cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease (1988) New England Journal of Medicine, 319, pp. 195-200; Viste, A, Bjornestad, E, Opheim, P, Risk of carcinoma following gastric operations for benign disease. A historical cohort study of 3470 patients (1986) Lancet, 2, pp. 502-505; Toftgaard, C, Gastric cancer after peptic ulcer surgery. A historic prospective cohort investigation (1989) Ann Surg, 210, pp. 159-164; Mellström, D, Österberg, T, Oral cancer after surgery for peptic ulcer (1988) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 16, pp. 244-246; Toftgaard, C, The overall cancer incidence after peptic ulcer surgery: a prospective cohort study (1988) The Cancer Journal, 2, pp. 17-19; Bundred, NJ, Whitfield, BCS, Stanton, E, Prescott, RJ, Davies, GC, Kingsnorth, AN, Gastric surgery and the risk of subsequent colorectal cancer (1985) Br J Surg, 72, pp. 618-619; Mack, TM, Yu, MC, Hanisch, R, Henderson, BE, Pancreas cancer and smoking, beverage consumption, and past medical history (1986) J Natl Cancer Inst, 76, pp. 49-60; Helsingen, N, Hillestad, L, Cancer development in the gastric stump after partial gastrectomy for ulcer (1956) Ann Surg, 143, pp. 173-179; Krause, U, Late prognosis after partial gastrectomy for ulcer: a follow‐up study of 361 patients operated upon from 1905 to 1933 (1958) Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica, 114, pp. 341-354; Caygill, CPJ, Hill, MJ, Kirkham, JS, Northfield, TC, Mortality from gastric cancer following gastric surgery for peptic ulcer (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 929-931; Ross, AHM, Smith, MA, Anderson, JR, Small, WP, Late mortality after surgery for peptic ulcer (1982) N Engl J Med, 307, pp. 519-522; Inokuchi, K, Tokudome, S, Ikeda, M, Mortality from carcinoma after partial gastrectomy (1984) Gann, 75, pp. 588-594; Caygill, CPJ, Hill, MJ, Hall, CN, Kirkham, JS, Northfield, TC, Increased risk of cancer at multiple sites after gastric surgery for peptic ulcer (1987) Gut, 28, pp. 924-928; Asano, A, Mizuno, S, Sasaki, R, Aoki, K, Yokoyama, H, Yokoyama, Y, The long‐term prognosis of patients gastrectomized for benign gastroduodenal disease (1987) Jpn J Cancer Res, 78, pp. 337-348; Lundegårdh, G, Adami, HO, Helmick, C, Zack, M, The risk of large bowel cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease (1990) Annals of Surgery, 212, pp. 714-719; (1986) Cancer Incidence in Sweden 1958–1983, , Stockholm, Swedish Board of Health and Welfare; Bailar, JC, III, Ederer, F, Significance factors for the ratio of a Poisson variable to its expectation (1964) Biometrics, 20, pp. 639-643; Frome, EL, Checkoway, H, Epidemiologic programs for computers and calculators. Use of Poisson regression models in estimating incidence rates and ratios (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 121, pp. 309-323; Adami, HO, Bergström, R, Nyren, O, Is duodenal ulcer really a psychosomatic disease? A population‐based casecontrol study (1987) Scand J Gastroenterol, 22, pp. 889-896; Kurata, JH, Haile, BM, Epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease (1984) Clin Gastroenterol, 13, pp. 289-307; Kato, I, Nomura, AMY, Stemmerman, GN, Chyou, PH, A prospective study of gastric and duodenal ulcer and its relation to smoking, alcohol, and diet (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 521-530; Meurling, S, (1953) Postcibal Symptoms after Partial Gastrectomy for Peptic Ulcer, , Uppsala, Almqvist and Wiksell; Becker, HD, Caspary, WF, (1980) Postgastrectomy and Postvagotomy Syndromes, , Berlin, Springer; Stemmermann, GN, Heilbrun, L, Nomura, A, Rhoads, GG, Glober, GA, Late mortality after partial gastrectomy (1984) Int J Epidemiol, 13, pp. 229-303; Glober, GA, Rhoads, GG, Liu, F, Kagan, A, The effect of partial gastrectomy on lipoproteins and other characteristics (1985) Journal of Chronic Diseases, 38, pp. 609-615; Mellström, D, Rundgren, Å, Long‐term effects after partial gastrectomy in elderly men. A longitudinal population study of men between 70 and 75 years of age (1982) Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 17, pp. 433-439; Steinmetz, KA, Potter, JD, Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. I. Epidemiology (1991) Cancer Causes Control, 2, pp. 325-327; Lundegårdh, G, Adami, HO, Helmick, C, Zack, MM, Mortality among patients with partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease (1994) Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 39, pp. 340-346; Day, N, Munoz, N, Esophageal cancer (1982) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 606-609. , Schottenfeld CD, Fraumeni J, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, WB Saunders UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027934666&doi=10.1002%2fbjs.1800810827&partnerID=40&md5=4681d7b0193c0cf431cbc6cf4fc79db3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth in length and weight from birth to 2 years of a representative sample of Netherlands children (born in 1988-89) related to socioeconomic status and other background characteristics T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 449 EP - 463 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1080/03014469400003472 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Herngreen, W.P. AU - van Buuren, S. AU - van Wieringen, J.C. AU - Reerink, J.D. AU - Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P. AU - Ruys, J.H. AD - Department of Child Health, TNO Institute of Preventive Health Care, Netherlands AD - Department of Statistics, TNO Institute of Preventive Health Care, Netherlands AD - Department of Paediatrics, State University, Utrecht, Netherlands AD - Department of Paediatrics, State University, Leiden, Netherlands AB - Of nearly 1900 live-born singletons, born from April 1988 to October 1989 inclusive, nine measurements of length and weight have been taken between the ages of 1 and 24 months. In the first part of the study, differences in attained length and weight at 1 and 2 years of age are analysed according to socioeconomic status (SES). Multiple regression analyses are used to investigate the association of SES and other background characteristics with length and weight. The second part focuses on the analysis of differences in linear length and weight gain in the first 2 years of life, using a two-step regression technique. At 1 and 2 years of age, differences in attained length and weight and in length and weight gain according to SES are small and not significant, except for the children of Mediterranean parents in the low-SES group, who are significantly heavier than children of all other groups and gain significantly more in weight compared to children of Dutch parents in the low-SES group. Of all the factors studied it appears that parental height, birthweight, parity and ethnic descent of the parents are associated with attained length and weight at 1 and 2 years of age. Of these factors, ethnic descent, however, is not associated with length gain. A small but statistically significant catch-up growth is found in children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. © 1994 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - age KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body weight KW - cohort analysis KW - epidemiology KW - ethnic group KW - female KW - growth KW - human KW - infant KW - information processing KW - male KW - Netherlands KW - newborn KW - parent KW - parity KW - preschool child KW - regression analysis KW - smoking KW - socioeconomics KW - Age Factors KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Netherlands KW - Parents KW - Parity KW - Regression Analysis KW - Sampling Studies KW - Smoking KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 7985994 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Herngreen, W.P.; Department of Child Health, TNO Institute of Preventive Health CareNetherlands N1 - References: Abramson, J.H., Gofin, R., Habib, J., Pridan, H., Gofin, J., Indicators of social class. A comparative appraisal of measures for use in epidemiological studies (1982) Social Science and Medicine, 16, pp. 1729-1746; Bax, M., Following up the small baby (1983) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 25, pp. 415-416; van Berkel-van Schaik, A.B., Tax, B., Naar een standaardoperationalisatie van sociaal-economische status voor epidemiologisch en sociaal-medisch onderzoek (1990) Reeks Sociaal-economische gezondheidsverschillen no. 6, , Ministerie van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur, Rijswijk; Brinkman, H.J., Drukker, J.W., Slot, B., Height and income: a new method for the estimation of historical national income series (1988) Explorations in Economic History, 25, pp. 227-264; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: the First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E. & S. Livingstone, London; Chamberlain, R.N., Simpson, R.N., (1979) The Prevalence of Illness in Childhood, , Pitman Medical, London; Dewey, K.G., Heinig, M.J., Nommsen, L.A., Peerson, J.M., Lönnerdal, B., Growth of breast-fed and formula-fed infants from 0 to 18 months: the DARLING study (1992) Pediatrics, 89, pp. 1035-1041; Douglas, J.B.W., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children Under Five, , George Allen & Unwin, London; Eiben, G., Educational level of parents as a factor influencing growth and maturation (1989) Auxology 88. Perspectives in the Science of Growth and Development, pp. 227-234. , J.M. Tanner. Smith-Gordon & Co., London; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children—results from the national child development study (1971) Annals of Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Gulliford, M.C., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Social environment and height: England and Scotland 1987 and 1988 (1991) Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 66, pp. 235-240; Grundy, F., Lewis-Faning, E., (1957) Morbidity and Mortality in the First Year of Life, , Eugenics Society, Cardiff; Haglund, B., Cnattingius, S., Nordström, M.-L., Social differences in late fetal death and infant mortality in Sweden 1985–86 (1993) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 7, pp. 33-44; Herngreen, W.P., Reerink, J.D., Noord-Zaadstra, B.M., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Ruys, J.H., SMOCC. Design of a representative cohort study of live-born infants in The Netherlands (1992) European Journal of Public Health, 2, pp. 117-122; Herngreen, W.P., Reerink, J.D., van den Doel, D., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Ruys, J.H., Melkvoeding van zuigelingen in Nederland, 1986/1987 en 1988/1990 (1993) Tijdschrift Sociale Gezondheidszorg, 71, pp. 198-202; Komlos, J., Height and social status in eighteenth-century Germany (1990) Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 20, pp. 607-621; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) International Journal of Epidemiology, 18, pp. 663-668; Leon, D.A., Vågerö, D., Otterblad Olausson, P., Social class differences in infant mortality in Sweden: comparison with England and Wales (1992) British Medical Journal, 305, pp. 687-691; Liberatos, P., Bruce, G.L., Kelsey, J.L., The measurement of social class in epidemiology (1988) Epidemiologic Reviews, 10, pp. 87-121; Mackenbach, J.P., Narrowing inequalities in children's heights (1991) Lancet, 338, p. 764; Meredith, H.V., Body size of infants and children around the world in relation to socioeconomic status (1984) Advances in Child Development and Behaviour, 18, pp. 81-145; Preece, M.A., Standardization of growth (1989) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 349, pp. 57-64; Roede, M.J., van Wieringen, J.C., Growth diagrams 1980—Netherlands third nation-wide survey (1985) Tijdschrift Sociale Gezondheidszorg, 63, pp. 1-34; Tanner, J.M., Use and abuse of growth standards (1986) Human Growth: a Comprehensive Treatise, 3, pp. 95-109. , Methodology: Ecological, Genetic and Nutritional Effects on Growth. 2nd edition, J.M. Tanner, F. Falkner. Plenum, London; Topp, S.G., Cook, J., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of schoolchildren (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, pp. 154-162; van Wieringen, J.C., Secular changes of growth. 1964–1966 height and weight surveys in The Netherlands in historical perspective (1972) Thesis, , Leiden State University UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028504537&doi=10.1080%2f03014469400003472&partnerID=40&md5=165bf623abade0bee58334704ce6190c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Associations between social and environmental factors and perinatal mortality in Jamaica T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 17 EP - 39 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00489.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Golding, J. AU - Greenwood, R. AU - McCaw‐Binns, A. AU - Thomas, P. AD - Institute of Child Health, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica AB - Summary. Social and environmental factors in Jamaica were compared between 9919 mothers delivering in a 2‐month period a singleton who survived the early neonatal period and 1847 mothers who were delivered of a singleton perinatal death in a contiguous 12‐month period. Logistic regression showed independent positive statistically significant increased odds of having a perinatal death among mothers who lived in rural parishes, older mothers (aged 30+), single parents, no other children in the household, large number of adults in the household, mother unemployed, the major wage earner of the household not being in a managerial, professional or skilled non‐manual occupation, the household not having sole use of toilet facilities, smaller mothers and those classified as obese or undernourished. Variations were found for different categories of death. Intrapartum asphyxia deaths were not related to union (marital) status, occupation of major wage earner, number of adults nor to the use of the toilet. Antepartum fetal deaths did not vary significantly with occupation of major wage earner or maternal height, but did show a relationship with maternal education, mothers with lowest levels having reduced risk. Deaths from immaturity were significantly related only to occupation of major wage earner, number of children in the household, number of social amenities available (negative relationships) and maternal age (<17 at highest risk). In conclusion there was little to indicate that social deprivation per se was related to perinatal death, although specific features of the environment showed strong relationships. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - asphyxia KW - childbirth KW - education KW - environmental factor KW - epidemiology KW - fetus KW - human KW - jamaica KW - malnutrition KW - marriage KW - maternal age KW - maternal welfare KW - newborn KW - obesity KW - occupation KW - perinatal mortality KW - regression analysis KW - rural area KW - sanitation KW - single parent KW - social aspect KW - unemployment KW - Age Factors KW - Americas KW - Caribbean KW - Correlation Studies KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developing Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Family And Household KW - Family Characteristics KW - Geographic Factors KW - Health KW - Infant Mortality--determinants KW - Jamaica KW - Logistic Model KW - Maternal Health KW - Mathematical Model KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Mortality KW - North America KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Population Dynamics KW - Public Health KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Rural Population KW - Sanitation KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Statistical Studies KW - Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Asphyxia Neonatorum KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Environment KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Jamaica KW - Maternal Age KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072899 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McCaw‐Binns, A.; Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Mona, Jamaica N1 - References: Barros, FC, Victora, CG, Vaughan, JP, Estanislau, HJ., Perinatal mortality in southern Brazil: a population‐based study of 7392 births (1987) Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 65, pp. 95-104; Saksena, DN, Srivastava, JN., Biosocial correlates of perinatal mortality: experiences of an Indian hospital (1980) Journal of Biosocial Sciences, 12, pp. 69-81; Naeye, RL, Tafari, N., Maternal demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcome (1983) Risk Factors in Pregnancy and Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn, pp. 213-226. , Editors, Naeye RL, Tafari N., Baltimore:, Williams & Wilkins; Harlap, S., Davies, AM, Grover, NB, Prywes, R., The Jerusalem Perinatal Study: the first decade 1964–1973 (1977) Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 13, pp. 1073-1091; Pharoah, POD, Alberman, ED., Annual statistical review (1988) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 63, pp. 1511-1515; Cahalane, SF, Kennedy, JD, McNicholl, B., O'Dwyer, E., Perinatal mortality survey for County Galway, 18 months, October 1958 through March 1960 (1965) Journal of the Irish Medical Association, 57, pp. 135-141; Tzoumaka‐Bakoula, C., Lekea‐Karanika, V., Matsaniotis, NS, Golding, J., The Greek National Perinatal Survey. II: Socioeconomic factors and perinatal mortality in Greece (1989) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 3, pp. 41-52; Rahman, M., Mujibur Rahaman, M., Wojtyniak, B., Aziz, KMS., Impact of environmental sanitation and crowding on infant mortality in rural Bangladesh (1985) Lancet, 2, pp. 28-31; Lumley, J., Better perinatal health: Australia (1980) Lancet, 1, pp. 79-81; Butler, NR, Bonham, DG., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: the First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh:, Churchill Livingstone; Tzoumaka‐Bakoula, C., Lekea‐Karanika, V., Matsaniotis, NS, Shenton, T., Golding, J., Are there gaps in the provision of perinatal care in Greece (1989) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 43, pp. 319-323; (1991) The Third Report of the WHO Study on Social and Biological Effects on Perinatal Mortality, , Golding J., (editor),. Bristol, UK:, University of Bristol; Skjaerven, R., Irgens, LM., Perinatal mortality and mother's marital status at birth in subsequent siblings (1988) Early Human Development, 18, pp. 199-212; Golding, J., Henriques, J., Thomas, P., Unmarried at delivery. II. Perinatal morbidity and mortality (1987) Early Human Development, 14, pp. 217-227; Rantakallio, P., Social background of mothers who smoke during pregnancy and influence of these factors on the offspring (1979) Social Science and Medicine, 13 A, pp. 423-429; Bobadilla Fernandez, JL., (1986), Quality of perinatal medical care in Mexico City: an epidemiological study on the effects of medical care quality on perinatal mortality. London: PhD thesis; Wigglesworth, JS., Monitoring perinatal mortality. A patho‐physiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686; Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Golding, J., Keeling, J., Escoffery, C., Coard, K., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: aims and methodology (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 6-16; McCaw‐Binns, A., (1993), Does antenatal care make a difference? An examination of antenatal care in Jamaica and its relationship to pregnancy outcome. University of Bristol, UK: PhD thesis; Greenwood, R., Samms‐Vaughan, M., Golding, J., Ashley, D., Past obstetric history and risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 40-53; Illsley, R., Kincaid, JC., Social correlations of perinatal mortality (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, p. 270. , Editors, Butler NR, Bonham DG., Edinburgh:, E. & S. Livingstone; Naeye, RL., Weight gain and the outcome of pregnancy (1979) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 135, pp. 3-9; Golding, J., Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Keeling, JW, Shenton, T., Maternal mortality in Jamaica: socioeconomic factors (1989) Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 68, pp. 581-587; Escoffery, C., Greenwood, R., Ashley, D., Coard, K., Keeling, J., Golding, J., Deaths associated with intrapartum asphyxia in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 119-142 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028245908&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00489.x&partnerID=40&md5=578c9ed178168e2378534742626cc94a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Opportunities for geographic research with the national longitudinal survey of youth T2 - Journal of Economic and Social Measurement J2 - J. Econ. Soc. Meas. VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 77 PY - 1994 DO - 10.3233/JEM-1994-20104 SN - 07479662 (ISSN) AU - Bailey, A.J. AD - Dartmouth College, United States AB - Although the 1980s were to be the era of longitudinal analysis little geographic research has taken advantage of longitudinal data. One reason is because geographers require data-sets which contain both information on residential histories and information which is geographically representative. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) meets both requirements and can support important geographic research. © 1994 IOS Press. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bailey, A.J.; Dartmouth CollegeUnited States N1 - References: Bailey, A.J., Getting on Your Bike: What Difference Does a Migration History Make? (1989) Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 80, pp. 312-317; (1992) Handbook of the National Longitudinal Surveys, , Columbus: Center for Human Resource Research; Clark, W.A.V., (1991) Does Time Series Data Tell Us Anything New about Migration and Mobility?, , Presented to the Population Specialty Group, Major Directions in Population Geography Session, 1991 Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, Miami FL; Cromartie, J., (1991) Leaving the Countryside: Migration Strategies of Rural Youth in the United States 1979-1988, , Presented at the 1991 Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, Miami FL; Falaris, E.M., Migration and Wages of Young Men (1988) Journal of Human Resources, 23, pp. 514-534; Flowerdew, R., The Role of Time in Residential Choice Models (1978) Human Activity and Time Geography, pp. 39-48. , T. Carlstein, D. Parkes, and N. Thrift (Eds.), London: Arnold; Gertler, M.S., Some Problems of Time in Economic Geography (1988) Environment and Planning A, 20, pp. 151-164; Haurin, D.R., Haurin, R.J., Net Migration, Unemployment, and the Business Cycle (1988) Journal of Regional Science, 28, pp. 239-253; Matthews, S.A., Longitudinal Analysis of Youth Labor Market Experiences Using the National Child Development Study (1990) Cardiff: Ph.D Dissertation, , Department of Town Planning, University of Wales, Cardiff; Mayer, K.U., Tuma, N.B., (1990) Event History Analysis in Life Course Research, , Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; Odland, J., Bailey, A.J., Regional Out-migration Rates and Individual Migration Histories: A Longitudinal Analysis (1990) Geographical Analysis, 22, pp. 158-170; Odland, J., Ellis, M., Variation in the Spatial Pattern of Settlement Locations: An Analysis Based on Proportional Hazards Models (1992) Geographical Analysis, p. 24; Sandefur, G.D., Variations in Interstate Migration of Men Across the Early Stages of the Life-cycle (1985) Demography, 22, pp. 353-366; Toney, M.B., Swearengen, R., Migration Data: Prospects for Research Based on the Youth Cohort of the NLS (1984) Review of Public Data Use, 12, pp. 211-219; (1981) Statistical Abstract of the United States., , Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; Wrigley, N., Quantitative Methods: The Era of Longitudinal Data Analysis (1986) Progress in Human Geography, 10, pp. 84-102; Wrigley, N., Unobserved Heterogeneity and the Analysis of Longitudinal Spatial Choice Data (1990) European Journal of Population, 6, pp. 327-358 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84974756285&doi=10.3233%2fJEM-1994-20104&partnerID=40&md5=13b642ba05d942ec27244cd1b9b3f542 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal deaths as a result of immaturity in Jamaica T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 110 EP - 118 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00495.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - McCaw‐Binns, A. AU - Greenwood, R. AU - Coard, K. AU - Ashley, D. AU - Golding, J. AD - Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica AD - Ministry of Health, Jamaica AB - Summary. During the 12‐month period from 1 September 1986 to 31 August 1987 an attempt was made to collect information on all perinatal deaths occurring on the island of Jamaica. Of the 2069 late fetal and early neonatal deaths identified, 19% fell into the Wigglesworth1 definition of ‘deaths from immaturity’. Twins were 11 times more likely to die of immaturity than were singletons, and twins comprised 18% of all deaths in this group. Comparison of the singleton deaths from immaturity, with 9919 singletons born on the island during the 2‐month period of September and October 1987 and who survived the first 7 days, revealed several strong risk factors. These included history of previous miscarriages, stillbirth, early neonatal death or preterm delivery, and complications of bleeding and hypertension (highest diastolic, proteinuria and eclampsia all having independent associations). None of these factors ‘explained’ a strong negative relationship with the number of young children in the household. There was an apparent protective effect of maternal folic acid ingestion which warrants further investigation. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - folic acid KW - article KW - bleeding KW - epidemiology KW - etiology KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - human KW - immaturity KW - jamaica KW - major clinical study KW - maternal hypertension KW - newborn KW - newborn death KW - perinatal mortality KW - premature labor KW - risk factor KW - spontaneous abortion KW - stillbirth KW - twins KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Jamaica KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prenatal Care KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Twins N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072894 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; University of Bristol, Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: folic acid, 59-30-3, 6484-89-5 N1 - References: Wigglesworth, JS., Monitoring perinatal mortality. A patho‐physiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686; Golding, J., The epidemiology of perinatal death (1991) Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, pp. 401-436. , Editor, Kiely M., Boca Raton:, CRC Press; Ashley, D., Samms‐Vaughan, M., Greenwood, R., Golding, J., The contribution of twins to perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 158-165; Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Golding, J., Keeling, J., Escoffery, C., Coard, K., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: aims and methodology (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 6-16; Keeling, J., MacGillivray, I., Golding, J., Wigglesworth, J., Berry, J., Dunn, PM., Classification of perinatal death (1989) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 6, pp. 1345-1351; Golding, J., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Associations between social and environmental factors and perinatal mortality in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 17-39; Greenwood, R., Samms‐Vaughan, M., Golding, J., Ashley, D., Past obstetric history and risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 40-53; Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Does maternal behaviour influence the risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 54-65; Ashley, D., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Golding, J., Medical conditions present during pregnancy and risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 66-85; McCaw‐Binns, A., Greenwood, R., Ashley, D., Golding, J., Antenatal and perinatal care in Jamaica: do they reduce perinatal death rates (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 86-97; Papiernik, E., Bouyer, J., Dreyfus, J., Collin, D., Prevention of preterm births: a perinatal study in Haguenau, France (1985) Paediatrics, 76, pp. 154-158; Buescher, PA, Meis, PJ, Ernest, JM, Moore, ML, Michielutte, R., Sharp, P., A comparison of women in and out of a prematurity prevention project in a North Carolina perinatal care region (1988) American Journal of Public Health, 78 L, pp. 264-267; Sokol, RJ, Woolf, RB, Rosen, MG, Weingarden, Antepartum care and outcome: impact of a maternity and infant care project (1980) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 56, pp. 150-156; Main, DM, Gable, SG, Richardson, D., Strong, S., Can preterm deliveries be prevented (1985) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151, pp. 892-898; Papiernik, E., Preventing prematurity (letter to the editor) (1989) Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, pp. 3128-3129 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028240191&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00495.x&partnerID=40&md5=590b1eb4679051d1fc90ef0e1bbdbf1a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antenatal and perinatal care in Jamaica: do they reduce perinatal death rates? T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 8 SP - 86 EP - 97 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00493.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - McCaw‐Binns, A. AU - Greenwood, R. AU - Ashley, D. AU - Golding, J. AD - University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica AD - Institute of Child Health, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Ministry of Health, Jamaica AB - Summary. Information concerning 9919 singleton pregnancies delivered in Jamaica in the 2‐month period of September and October 1986 and surviving the early neonatal period were compared with 1847 singleton perinatal deaths occurring in the 12‐month period from 1 September 1986 to 31 August 1987, classified according to the Wigglesworth schema. Logistic regression was used to assess features of antenatal and intrapartum care that were associated with the different groups of perinatal death after taking account of environmental, maternal and medical factors. In Jamaica, 67% of all mothers took iron during pregnancy. These mothers appeared to have a lower risk of perinatal death. This does not appear to be an artefact related to the gestation at which the mother delivers, and was particularly associated with antepartum fetal deaths. Commencement of antenatal care in the first trimester appeared to reduce the risk of all perinatal deaths, and for intrapartum asphyxia in particular. It is speculated that the mechanism may involve early detection and treatment of anaemia and syphilis. Quality of perinatal care available in the area of residence, as measured by the presence of consultant obstetricians and a paediatric consultant unit, is shown to be significantly related to a reduction in deaths from intrapartum asphyxia, but it appeared not to be related to antepartum fetal deaths. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - iron KW - article KW - asphyxia KW - environmental factor KW - epidemiology KW - female KW - fetus death KW - health care quality KW - human KW - iron therapy KW - jamaica KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - newborn period KW - perinatal care KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal care KW - prevention KW - regression analysis KW - risk KW - Asphyxia Neonatorum KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Jamaica KW - Logistic Models KW - Maternal Health Services KW - Pregnancy KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8072904 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: McCaw‐Binns, A.; Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica N1 - Chemicals/CAS: iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6 N1 - References: Eksmyr, R., Two geographically defined populations with different organisation of medical care: cause specific analysis of early neonatal deaths (1986) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 75, pp. 10-16; Bakketeig, LS, Hoffman, HJ, Sterntham, PM., Obstetric service and perinatal mortality in Norway (1978) Acta Obstetricia et Gynaecologica Scandinavica, 57, pp. 4-19; Verloove‐Vanhorick, SP, Verwey, RA, Brand, R., Neonatal care and neonatal survival (1988) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2, pp. 105-106; Lekea‐Karanika, V., Tzoumaka‐Bakoula, C., Matsaniotis, NS, Shenton, T., Golding, J., Are there gaps in the provision of perinatal care in Greece (1989) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 43, pp. 319-323; Ashley, D., McCaw‐Binns, A., Golding, J., Keeling, J., Escoffery, C., Coard, K., Perinatal mortality survey in Jamaica: aims and methodology (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 6-16; Wigglesworth, JS., Monitoring perinatal mortality. A patho‐physiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686; Ashley, D., Greenwood, R., McCaw‐Binns, A., Thomas, P., Golding, J., Medical conditions present during pregnancy and risk of perinatal death in Jamaica (1994) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 8, pp. 66-85; McCaw‐Binns, A., (1993), Does antenatal care make a difference? An examination of antenatal care in Jamaica and its relationship to pregnancy outcome. University of Bristol, UK: PhD thesis; Figueroa, JP, Ashley, DM, McCaw‐Binns, A., An evaluation of the domiciliary midwifery services in Jamaica (1990) West Indian Medical Journal, 39, pp. 91-98; Lund, CJ., Studies on the iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy (1951) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 62, pp. 947-963; Benstead, N., Theobald, GW., Iron and the ‘physiological’ anaemia of pregnancy (1952) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 407-410; Paintin, DB, Thomson, AM, Hyteen, F.E., Iron and haemoglobin levels in pregnancy (1966) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 73, pp. 181-190; Taylor, DJ, Mallen, C., McDougall, N., Lind, T., Effect of iron supplements on serum ferritin levels during and after pregnancy (1982) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 89, pp. 1011-1017; Lekea‐Karanika, V., (1993), Greek National Perinatal Survey. The associations between socioeconomic characteristics of the family, maternal obstetric history, antenatal care features and pregnancy outcome. University of Bristol, UK: PhD thesis; Mahomed, K., Hytten, F., Iron and folate supplementation in pregnancy (1989) Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, pp. 301-317. , Editors, Chalmers I., Enkin M., Keirse MJNC., Oxford:, Oxford University Press; Tew, M., (1980), pp. 700-705. , Is home a safer place Health and Social Services Journal; Golding, J., Peters, T., Are hospital confinements really more dangerous for the fetus (1988) Early Human Development, 17, pp. 29-36; Rooney, C., (1992) Antenatal Care and Maternal Health: How Effective is it? A Review of the Evidence, , Geneva:, World Health Organisation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028339410&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00493.x&partnerID=40&md5=8be432b9d47eef44ae13be69262fd7e0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Truancy and Pupil Performance T2 - Education Economics J2 - Educ. Econ. VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 243 EP - 264 PY - 1994 DO - 10.1080/09645299400000025 SN - 09645292 (ISSN) AU - Bosworth, D. AD - Manchester School of Management, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom AB - This paper uses the matched sample from sweeps 1–3 the Youth Cohort Study (YCS) III to explore the influences on young people's attitudes towards school, their truancy behaviour and their examination performance at age 16. A review of the literature suggests a range of possible variables, many of which are available from the YCS. The results demonstrate a clear role for many socio-economic and local area characteristics. It is shown that adverse attitudes are closely linked to absenteeism from school. In addition, unfavourable attitudes and truancy both adversely affect the examination performance of young people. Two aspects of self-selection were investigated which revealed that: first, young people who take the examinations have unobserved characteristics which lead to higher scores; second, the group selected into TVEI were those likely to perform less well, but that the scheme had a significant positive effect on their scores. © 1994, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bosworth, D.; Manchester School of Management, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom N1 - References: Angrist, J.D., Krueger, A.B., Does compulsory school attendance affect schooling and earnings? (1991) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, pp. 989-1114; Ashton, D., Educational institutions, youth and the labour market (1988) Employment in Britain, pp. 406-433. , in: Gallie, D. (Ed.), (Oxford, Basil Blackwell); Becker, G.S., (1981) A Treatise on the Family, , (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press); Becker, G.S., (1985) An Economic Analysis of the Family, , Seventeenth Geary Lecture (Dublin, Economic and Social Research Institute); Bosworth, D.L., (1992) Attitudes, Truancy and School Performance, , Project Report, Institute for Employment Research (Coventry, University of Warwick); Bosworth, D.L., (1993) Attitudes, Truancy and School Performance: A Game Theoretic Model, , mimeo, Management School, Manchester, UMIST; Bosworth, D.L., Ford, J., Income expectations and the decision to enter higher education (1985) Studies in Higher Education, 10, pp. 21-31; Brown, D., Truancy, families and schools: a critique of the literature on truancy (1983) Educational Review, 35, pp. 225-235; Brown, P., (1987) Schooling Ordinary Kids, , (London, Tavistock); Carlen, P.D., Gleeson, D., Wardhaugh, J., (1992) Truancy the Politics of Compulsory Schooling, , (Buckingham, Open University Press); Courtenay, G., (1988) England and Wales Youth Cohort Study: Report on Cohort I, Sweep 1, , Research and Development Series No. 41 (Sheffield: Manpower Services Commission); Courtenay, G., (1989) England and Wales Youth Cohort Study: Report on Cohort II, Sweep 1, , Research and Development Series No. 55 (Sheffield, Manpower Services Commission); Courtenay, G., (1990) England and Wales Youth Cohort Study: Report on Cohort II, Sweep 2, , Research and Development Series No. 55 (Sheffield, Manpower Services Commission); Courtenay, G., (1990) England and Wales Youth Cohort Study: Report on Cohort II, Sweep 3, , Research and Development Series No. 59 (Sheffield, Manpower Services Commission); Cross, M., Black youth and YTS: the policy issues (1987) Studies in Research, Book, 3. , Cross, M. & Smith, D.I. (Eds), (Leicester, National Youth Bureau); Cuttance, P., Evaluating the effectiveness of schools (1992) School Effectiveness: Research, Policy and Practice, pp. 71-95. , Reynolds, D. & Cuttance, P. (Eds), (London, Cassell); Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , (London, MacGibbon & Kee); Department, E., (1992) Experiencing TVEI Extension 14–16. Overview Report, , (Sheffield, Employment Department); (1992) Experiencing TVEI Extension 14–16. Overview Report, , (Sheffield, Employment Department); Fitz-Gibbon, C.T., Hazlewood, R.D., Tymms, P.B., McCabe, J.J.C., Performance indicators and the TVEI pilot (1988) Evaluation and Research in Education, 2, pp. 49-60; Fogelman, K., Tibbenham, A., Lambert, L., Absence from school: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Out of School: Modern Perspectives in Truancy and School Refusal, , Herson, L. & Berg, I. (Eds), (Chichester, John Wiley); Galloway, D., (1985) Schools and Persistent Absentees, , (Oxford, Pergamon); Galloway, D., Martin, R., Wilcox, B., Persistent absence from school and exclusion from school and community variables (1985) British Journal of Educational Research, 11, pp. 52-61; Gleeson, D., (1987) TVEI and secondary education: a critical appraisal, , (Milton Keynes, Open University Press); Gray, J., Jesson, D., (1989) Truancy in Inner City Secondary Schools Amongst Fifth Year Pupils, , QQSE Research Group, Educational Research Centre, Sheffield University; Gray, J., Pattie, C., (1987) An Introduction to the Youth Cohort Study and Codebook for Cohort I, Sweep 1, , Education Research Centre (Sheffield, Sheffield University); Green, W.H., (1986) Limdep Manual., , New York; Green, A.E., Owen, D.W., (1988) The Development of a Classification of Travel-To-Work Areas, , Project Report, Institute for Employment Research (Coventry, University of Warwick); Hargreaves, D.H., (1967) Social Relations in the Secondary School, , (London, Routledge & Kegan Paul); Heckman, J.J., Sample selection bias as a specification error (1979) Econometrica, , January; Hibbert, A., Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Occupational outcomes of truancy (1990) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, pp. 23-36; Jenkins, R., (1983) Lads, Citizens and Ordinary Kids, , (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul); Jenkins, R., Troyna, B., Educational myths and labour market realities (1983) Racism, School and the Labour Market, Studies in Research Book, 2. , Troyna B. & Smith, D. (Eds), (Leicester, National Youth Bureau); Johnes, G., (1993) The Economics of Education, , (Basingstoke, Macmillan); Killingsworth, J., (1983) Labour Supply, , (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press); Levine, D.U., An interpretive review of US research and practice: dealing with unusually effective schools (1992) School Effectiveness: Research Policy and Practice, pp. 25-47. , Reynolds, D. & Cuttance, P. (Eds), (London, Cassells); Millman, V., Weiner, G., Engendering equal opportunities: the case of TVEI (1987) TVEI and Secondary Education: a Critical Appraisal, , Gleeson, D. (Ed.), (Milton Keynes, Open University Press); Mortimore, P., Sammons, P., Stoll, L., Lewis, D., Ecob, R., (1988) School Matters: the Junior Years, , (Somerset, Open Books); (1992) Experiencing TVEI Extension 14–16. Overview Report. Cohort Study of TVEI Extension Students, 1991 Survey, , NFER, (London, Employment Department); Pack, D.C., (1977) Truancy and Indiscipline in School in Scotland (The Pack Report), , (London, HMSO); Raffe, D., Unemployment and school motivation: the case of truancy (1986) Educational Review, 38, pp. 11-19; Reynolds, D., Introduction: ten years on—a decade of research and activity in school effectiveness research reviewed (1985) Studying School Effectiveness, , Reynolds, D. (Ed.), (London, Falner Press); Reynolds, D., (1992) School Effectiveness and School Improvement in Britain, , Papers in Education, Department of Education (Loughborough, Loughborough University); Reynold, D., School effectiveness and school improvement: an updated view of the British literature (1992) School Effectiveness: Research, Policy and Practice, pp. 1-24. , Reynolds, D. & Cuttance, P. (Eds), (London, Cassell); Reynolds, D., Sullivan, M., (1987) The Comprehensive Experiment: A Comparison of the Selective and Non-Selective System of School Organisation, , (with Murgatroyd, S.), (London, Falmer Press); Reynolds, D., Jones, D., Leger, S., Murgatroyd, S., School factors and truancy (1980) Out of School, pp. 85-110. , Hersov, L. & Berg, I. (Eds), (New York, Wiley); Riddell, S., Brown, S., School effectiveness: establishing the link with research (1991) School Effectiveness Research: its Messages for School Improvement, pp. 1-7. , Riddell, S. & Brown, S. (Eds), Management of Educational Resources Unit, Education Department, Scottish Office (Edin-burgh, HMSO); Rutter, M., Family, area and school influences in the genesis of conduct disorders (1978) Aggression and Anti-Social Behaviour in Childhood and Adolescence, , (Oxford, Pergamon); Rutter, M., Stress, coping and development: some issues and some questions (1981) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, pp. 323-356; Steedman, J., (1980) Progress in Secondary Schools, , (London, National Childrens’ Bureau); Steedman, J., (1983) Examination Results in Selective and Non-Selective Schools, , (London, National Childrens’ Bureau); Torrence, H., What can examinations contribute to school evaluation? (1986) Educational Review, 38, pp. 31-43; Tyerman, M., (1968) Truancy, , (London, University of London Press); Tymms, P.B., Fitz-Gibbon, C.T., Hazelwood, R.D., McCabe, J.J.C., Did TVEI Cause Poor Exam Results? (1989) Working Paper, CEM, School of Education, , (Newcastle, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne); Williams, G., Gordon, A., Perceived earnings functions and ex-ante rates of return to post compulsory education in England (1981) Higher Education, 10, pp. 199-227; Willis, P., (1977) Learning to Labour, , (Farnborough, Saxon House) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0003233936&doi=10.1080%2f09645299400000025&partnerID=40&md5=72f4e68566ab23663d449048dd864c72 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in alcohol consumption related to age and sex in the Netherlands from 1958 to 1989. A cohort analysis ST - ONTWIKKELINGEN IN DRINKGEDRAG NAAR LEEFTIJD EN GESLACHT IN NEDERLAND VAN 1958 TOT 1989. EEN COHORT ANALYSE T2 - Tijdschrift voor Alcohol, Drugs en Andere Psychotrope Stoffen J2 - TIJDSCHR. ALCOHOL DRUGS ANDERE PSYCHOTR. STOFFEN VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 91 EP - 106 PY - 1993 SN - 03782778 (ISSN) AU - Neve, R.J.M. AU - Diederiks, J.P.M. AU - Knibbe, R.A. AD - Rijksuniversiteit Limburg, Vakgroep Medische Sociologie, Postbus 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands AB - Alcohol consumption in the Netherlands increased at a very fast rate from 1960 to 1975, especially among young men. The question is raised whether members of the cohort that started drinking during the 1960s show a lasting deviation from earlier born cohorts with respect to drinking behavior. Cohort analysis is used to assess the effects of aging, period and cohort membership on changes in abstinence, mean consumption and heavy drinking in The Netherlands in the last three decades. Social interaction theory (Skog, 1980) is used as an interpretative framework. Conclusions are that abstinence is related to aging, while mean consumption and heavy drinking are associated with period effects. Populations of men and women appear to change drinking behavior collectively. Results on women are more regular than those on men. KW - abstinence KW - adult KW - age KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - drinking behavior KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - netherlands KW - sex N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: TADSD LA - Dutch N1 - Correspondence Address: Neve, R.J.M.; Rijksuniversiteit Limburg, Vakgroep Medische Sociologie, Postbus 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027724442&partnerID=40&md5=d98bf45adca8de5a9cac194daf83d959 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The descriptive epidemiology of warts in British schoolchildren T2 - British Journal of Dermatology J2 - BR. J. DERMATOL. VL - 128 IS - 5 SP - 504 EP - 511 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00226.x SN - 00070963 (ISSN) AU - Williams, H.C. AU - Pottier, A. AU - Strachan, D. AD - St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom AB - This study set out to determine the prevalence and predictors of warts in British schoolchildren by analysing medical examination data from a national birth cohort study of 9,263 British children born 3-9 March 1958. The prevalence of visible warts, according to a medical officer, at the age of 11 was 3.9% (95% confidence intervals 3.5-4.3) and 4.9% (95% confidence intervals 4.5-5.4) at 16. Of the 364 children noted to have warts at the age of 11, 337 (93%) no longer had warts at 16. Residence in the south of Britain, having a father with a non-manual occupation, being an only child, and belonging to an ethnic group other than white European were all associated with a decreased risk of visible warts. Region of residence was the strongest predictor of wart prevalence. There were no sex differences in wart prevalence. Warts represent a common source of morbidity in British schoolchildren. Future studies should take into account age, regional factors, social class, family size and ethnic group when comparing wart sufferers with other subjects. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - social class KW - verruca vulgaris KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Female KW - Human KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Scotland KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Wales KW - Warts N1 - Cited By :69 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJDEA C2 - 8504040 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Williams, H.C.; St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027238672&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2133.1993.tb00226.x&partnerID=40&md5=8385ffb7d972bcca72f00ef15c43e062 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of factors associated with the growth of schoolchildren in Southern Iran T2 - Journal of Tropical Pediatrics J2 - J. Trop. Pediatr. VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 111 EP - 113 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1093/tropej/39.2.111 SN - 01426338 (ISSN) AU - Ayatollahi, S.M.T. AD - Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic, Iran AB - The effects of socio-economic/cultural factors on the growth of school children in the city of Shiraz (Southern Iran) are examined by using univariate and multivariate analysis (ANOVA and MANOVA). Districts of residence and fathers' level of education are identified as the factors affecting the growth of children after adjusting for the effects of family size (number of children in a family) and the parent sizes. Z-scores of the children's sizes (Growth Indices) derived from polynomial growth modelling were taken as response variables) which analysed the data effectively. ANOVA shed the light on the effects of the factors on growth indices and MANOVA is shown to be an efficient tool to study the joint effect on the height, weight, and arm circumference indices. In order to explore the complex interrelated pattern of other factors influencing the growth of children and infants in Iran a further longitudinal study is suggested. © 1993 Oxford University Press. KW - article KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child growth KW - cultural factor KW - education KW - family size KW - father KW - female KW - human KW - iran KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mother KW - multivariate analysis KW - school child KW - socioeconomics KW - statistical analysis KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Human KW - Iran KW - Male KW - Reference Values KW - Regression Analysis N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JTRPA C2 - 8492360 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ayatollahi, S.M.T.; Division of Medical Statistics, School of Health Care Sciences, The Medical School, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Topp, S.G., Cook, J., Holland, W.W., Elliot, A., Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of school children (1970) Br J Prevent Soc Med, 24, pp. 154-162; Bransby, E.R., Burn, J.L., Magee, H.E., Mackecknie, D.M., Effect of certain social conditions on the health of school children (1946) Br Med J, 2, p. 767; Douglas, J., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children under Five, , London: Allen and Unwin; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National Study of Health and Growth: Social and biological factors associated with height of children from ethnic groups living in England (1986) Annl Hum Biol, 13, pp. 453-471; Hedayat, S.H., Koohestani, P.A., Ghassemi, H., Kamali, P., Birth weight in relation to economic status and certain maternal factors, based on an Iranian sample (1971) Trop Geogr Med, 23, pp. 355-364; Ayatollahi, S., Carpenter, R.G., Growth of school children of southern Iran in relation to the NCHS standard (1991) Annl Hum Biol, 18, pp. 515-522; Ayatollahi, S., Carpenter, R.G., A study of adults height, weight and obesity in Shiraz; Iran, 1988-1989 (1991) Med J Islamic Rep Iran; Healy, M., Rasbash, J., Yang, M., Distribution-free estimation of age-related centiles (1988) Annl Hum Biol, 15, pp. 17-22; Grost, A.T., A programme for estimating age related distribution centiles (1988) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Ayatollahi, S., Carpenter, R.G., Growth modelling of school children in Iran using Shiraz data (1990) Med J Islamic Rep Iran, 4, pp. 267-272; (1989) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; Version 3.0, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; Douglas, J., Simpson, H., Height in relation to puberty, family size and social class (1964) Millbank Memorial Fund Q, 42, pp. 20-35; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children—Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Eccles, M.P., Cole, T.J., Whitehead, R.G., Identification of factors affecting infant growth in developing countries (1989) Arch Dis Childh, 64, pp. 1559-1565 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027243161&doi=10.1093%2ftropej%2f39.2.111&partnerID=40&md5=99336368a22bca2d66319606efd8dc0e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increasing cancer risk in younger birth cohorts in Sweden T2 - The Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 341 IS - 8848 SP - 773 EP - 777 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90557-W SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Adami, H.-O. AU - Bergstrom, R. AU - Sparén, P. AU - Baron, J. AD - Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala Department of Statistics, Sweden AB - There is controversy about cancer mortality trends; some analyses show increasing mortality, but others suggest that rates are falling in the youngest age groups. We have investigated trends in cancer incidence in the whole of Sweden for the period 1958 to 1987. 837 085 cancer cases were registered during the period studied. Incidence rate patterns were studied by age-period-cohort modelling. The risk of cancer was higher for people born during the 1950s than for those born in 1873-82; for women the risk was doubled and for men it was trebled. Although the rate of increase slowed, it showed no sign of levelling off in the youngest birth cohorts. The frequency of smoking-related cancers increased greatly in both sexes, but such tumours could explain only part of the rise in total cancer. These trends predict a continuing rise in the incidence rate of cancer, and suggest a worrying pattern of increasing population exposure to carcinogenic influences. © 1993. KW - carcinogen KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer KW - cancer risk KW - child KW - controlled study KW - environmental exposure KW - female KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - priority journal KW - risk assessment KW - sex difference KW - smoking KW - sweden KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Genital Neoplasms, Female KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasms KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 8095997 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Adami, H.-O.; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala Department of StatisticsSweden N1 - References: Bailar, Smith, Progress against cancer? (1986) N Engl J Med, 314, pp. 1226-1232; DeVita, Kory, Progress against cancer? (1986) N Engl J Med, 315, p. 964; Greenspan, Progress against cancer? (1986) New England Journal of Medicine, 315, p. 963; Ratkin, Progress against cancer? (1986) N Engl J Med, 315, p. 964; Bailar, Smith, Progress against cancer? (1986) N Engl J Med, 315, p. 964; Doll, Progress against cancer: are we winning the war? (1989) Acta Oncol, 28, pp. 611-621; Doll, Are we winning the fight against cancer? An epidemiological assessment (1990) Eur J Cancer, 26, pp. 500-508; Davis, Hoel, Fox, Lopez, International trends in cancer mortality in France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, England and Wales, and the USA (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 474-481; Marshall, Experts clash over cancer data (1990) Science, 250, pp. 900-902; Bailar, Death from all cancers: trends in sixteen countries (1990) Ann NY Acad of Sci, 609, pp. 49-57. , Dl Davis, D. Hoel, Trends in cancer mortality in industrial countries; Doll, Progress against cancer: an epidemiologic assessment (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 134, pp. 675-688; Extramural committee to assess measures of progress against cancer, Measurement of progress against cancer special report (1990) JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 82, pp. 825-835; Day, Charnay, Time trends, cohort effects, and ageing as influence on cancer incidence (1982) Trends in cancer incidence— causes and practical implications., pp. 51-65. , K. Magnus, Hemisphere Publishing, Washington DC; (1990) Cancer Registry. Cancer incidence in Sweden 1987, , National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm; Mattson, Wallgren, Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register non-notified cancer cases recorded on death-certificates in 1978 (1984) Acta Oncologica, 23, pp. 305-313; Clayton, Schifflers, Models for temporal variation in cancer rates, I: age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; Clayton, Schifflers, Models for temporal variations in cancer rates, II: age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; Breslow, Extra-Poisson variation in log-linear models (1984) Appl Stat, 1, pp. 38-44; Davis, Hoel, Tobacco-associated deaths (1992) Lancet, 340, p. 666; Enstrom, Austin, Interpreting cancer survival rates (1977) Science, 195, pp. 847-851; Myers, Hankey, Steinhom, Flannery, Interrelationships of incidence, survival, and mortality and their effects on time trends (1982) Trends in cancer incidence-causes and practical implications., pp. 79-87. , K. Magnus, Hemisphere Publishing, Washington DC; Holford, Understanding the effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence and mortality rates (1991) Annu Rev Public Health, 12, pp. 425-457; Adami, Glimelius, Sparén, Hlomberg, Krusemo, Pontén, Improvement in Swedish childhood and adolescent cancer survival 1960 through 1984 (1992) Acta Oncol, 31, pp. 1-10; Adami, Sparén, Bergström, Holmberg, Krusemo, Pontén, Increasing survival trend after cancer diagnosis in Sweden 1960-1984 (1989) J Natl Cancer Inst, 81, pp. 1640-1647; Rutqvist, Mattson, Signomklao, Cancer mortality trends in Sweden 1960-1986 (1989) Acta Oncol, 28, pp. 771-775; Adami, Bergström, Persson, Sparén, The incidence of ovarian cancer in Sweden, 1960-1984 (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 446-452; Thorn, Bergström, Adami, Ringborg, Trends in incidence of malignant melanoma in Sweden 1960-84 by anatomic site (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 1066-1077; Hansson, Bergström, Sparén, Adami, Trends in stomach cancer incidence in Sweden 1960-1985: a birth cohort phenomenon (1991) Int J Cancer, 47, pp. 499-503 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027537123&doi=10.1016%2f0140-6736%2893%2990557-W&partnerID=40&md5=a190994ce46771e38976df17ce48e3a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in incidence of anal cancer in Denmark T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 306 IS - 6875 SP - 419 EP - 422 PY - 1993 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Frisch, M. AU - Melbye, M. AU - Møller, H. AD - Danish Cancer Society, Research Centre, Division for Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Epidemiology Research Unit, State Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Epidemiology Research Unit, State Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark AB - Objective - To study long term trends in incidence of anal cancer in a well monitored, unselected population. Design - Descriptive epidemiological study based on data from the Danish Cancer Registry. Setting - Denmark, 1943-87. Main outcome measures - Time related changes in anal cancer incidence according to sex, age, birth cohort, urban or rural residence, and marital status. Results - The incidence of anal cancer remained fairly constant in the period 1943-57 and was similar for men and women, but it increased 1·5-fold among men and nearly tripled among women thereafter. Among men the incidence increased from 0·25 per 100 000 population (world standardised) in 1958-62 to 0·38 in 1983-7 (p = 0·01) and among women from 0·28 to 0·74 (p<0·01). The greatest increase was among residents of the capital (Copenhagen). During 1943-87 age specific trends increased in young and middle aged men and in all age groups among women. Men with anal cancer were significantly more likely throughout the study period to be unmarried than were patients with cancer of the colon (adjusted odds ratio 2·7; 95% confidence interval 2·0 to 3·6) and stomach (2·1; 1·5 to 2·8), but no association with marital status was found among women. Conclusions - The distribution and incidence of anal cancer have changed appreciably since around 1960, especially among women, which indicates important aetiological changes. Changes in sexual behaviour may have facilitated the spread of a transmittable agent of aetiological importance. It has recently been suggested that cigarette smoking promotes anal cancer, and this finds indirect support in the synchronism between changes in anal cancer incidence and heavy smoking behaviour. Factors associated with homosexuality are likely to explain some of the cases among men. KW - adult KW - aged KW - anus cancer KW - article KW - controlled study KW - denmark KW - disease transmission KW - female KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - sex difference KW - sexual behavior KW - smoking KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Anus KW - Anus Neoplasms KW - Denmark KW - Female KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Marriage KW - Middle Age KW - Rural Health KW - Sex Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Urban Health N1 - Cited By :148 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 8461721 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Frisch, M.; Epidemiology Research Unit, State Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027512132&partnerID=40&md5=65e4f9c2b2b5827cab2975222663d775 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social epidemiology of chickenpox in two British national cohorts T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH VL - 47 IS - 4 SP - 274 EP - 281 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1136/jech.47.4.274 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Pollock, J.I. AU - Golding, J. AD - Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom AB - Study Objective - To provide a quantitative description of factors independently predictive of reported chickenpox infections in two national cohorts of British children. Design - Longitudinal cohort study design employing logistic regression analysis of data obtained in the 1970 British Births Survey (later to become the Child Health and Education Study, CHES), and the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (later to become the National Child Development Survey, NCDS). Settings - One-week birth cohorts covering the whole of the United Kingdom. Participants - Data were obtained from questionnaires administered to the carers of 10 196 children born in the UK between 5 and 11 April 1970 (CHES) and 10 927 children born in the UK between 3 and 9 March 1958 (NCDS). These numbers consist of the whole of the surviving cohorts excluding those for whom data were incomplete. Measurements - Biological, social, and medical factors in the parents and children, as recorded by the child's principle carer or from clinical notes. Main results - Chickenpox by the age of 10 years was reported to be more common in the children of advantaged families (higher social class, higher parental education levels), with a higher prevalence in those parts of the United Kingdom normally associated with affluence, such as the South East and South West of England, and lower rates in Wales and Scotland. Chickenpox by 10 years was also associated with more crowding in the home. A similar but less marked pattern occurred for chickenpox by the age of 11 years in the 1958 NCDS cohort. This social distribution apparently reflected overall rather than age-specific susceptibility. Conclusions - The national and international pattern of chickenpox epidemiology indicate that both social and climatological factors may be important in defining groups at risk. Further research is indicated if a vaccination service is to be implemented in this country. KW - article KW - chickenpox KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - family history KW - geographic distribution KW - health survey KW - human KW - income KW - infant KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - onset age KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - questionnaire KW - regression analysis KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 8228761 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pollock, J.I.; Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027168756&doi=10.1136%2fjech.47.4.274&partnerID=40&md5=b041b5c172c0fe386fdf8a98332432dd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in breast cancer incidence in sweden 1958-1988 by time period and birth cohort T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 68 IS - 6 SP - 1247 EP - 1253 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1038/bjc.1993.513 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Persson, I. AU - Bergstrom, R. AU - Sparen, P. AU - Thorn, M. AU - Adami, H.-O. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden AD - Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden AD - Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, Box 513, Uppsala, S-751 20, United Kingdom AD - Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden AD - Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States AB - Statistics from the Swedish National Cancer Registry based on all 110, 658 cases of invasive breast cancer during the 31-year period 1958-1988 were analysed. Age-specific incidence rates increased over successive calendar periods. The average annual increase in the age-standardised incidence rate was 1.3%, with the greatest percentage changes among the youngest age groups. During the latter half of the study period, the rates of increase tended to diminish in the youngest age groups and even reversed significantly among women from 75 years of age. In analyses using age-period-cohort models, the best fit of the cancer incidence data was found for the full model which simultaneously considered the effects of age, period and cohort. Cohort effects were found to be more important than period effects, in terms of model fit. These effects emerged as a seemingly consistent, and in a logarithmic scale, fairly linear increase in the relative risk of breast cancer incidence with a 3-fold elevation in women born in the 1950's relative to those born in the 1880's. It is concluded that the rising breast cancer incidence in Sweden is explained chiefly by birth cohort effects, which indicate persistent secular changes in largely unknown risk factors associated with life style. We could not in the present data see any clear evidence for an adverse effect of contraceptive or replacement sex steroids on breast cancer incidence. © 1993 Macmillan Press Ltd. KW - contraceptive agent KW - sex hormone KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - birth KW - breast cancer KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer invasion KW - cancer registry KW - female KW - human KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - sweden KW - Adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Cohort Studies KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - Estrogen Replacement Therapy KW - Female KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Linear Models KW - Logistic Models KW - Middle Age KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Registries KW - Risk Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8260381 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Persson, I.; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral N1 - References: Adami, H.-O., Bergstrom, R., Lund, E., Meirik, O., Absence of association between reproductive variables and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer in sweden and norway (1990) Br. J. Cancer, 62, pp. 122-126; Bengtsson, C., Lindqvist, O., Redvall, L., Menstrual status and menopausal age of middle-aged swedish women (1981) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand, 60, p. 269; Bergkvist, L., Adami, H.-O., Persson, I., Hoover, R., Schairer, C., The risk of breast cancer after estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement (1989) N. Engl. J. Med, 321, pp. 293-297; Bjurstam, N.G., Radiography of the female breast and axilla, with special reference to diagnosis of mammary carcinoma (1978) Acta Radiol, p. 357; Breslow, N.E., Extra-poisson variation in log-linear models (1984) Appl. Statistics, 33, pp. 38-44; (1991) Cancer Incidence in Sweden 1988, , National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm; Caygill, C.P.J., Hill, M.J., Trends in european breast cancer incidence and possible etiology (1991) Tumori, 77, pp. 126-129; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I. age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat. Med, 6, pp. 449-467; Devesa, S.S., Silverman, D.T., Young, J.L., Pollak, E.S., Brown, C.C., Horm, J.W., Percy, C.L., Fraumeni, J.F., Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the united states, 1947-84 (1987) JNCI, 79, pp. 701-741; De Ward, F., Trichopoulos, D., A unifying concept of the etiology of breast cancer (1988) Int. J. Cancer, 41, pp. 666-669; Ekbom, A., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.-O., Hsieh, C.C., Lan, S.J., Evidence of prenatal influences on breast cancer risk (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 1015-1018; Ewertz, M., Carstensen, B., Trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality in denmark 1943-1982 (1988) Int. J. Cancer, 41, pp. 46-51; Ewertz, M., Duffy, S., Adami, H.-O., Kvale, G., Lund, E., Meirik, O., Mel Lemgard, A., Tulinius, H., Age at first birth, parity and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis of 8 studies from scandinavia (1990) Int. J. Cancer, 46, pp. 597-603; Glass, A.G., Hoover, R.N., Rising incidence of breast cancer: Relationship to stage and receptor status (1990) JNCI, 82, pp. 693-696; Hakulinen, T., Ersen, A.A., Malker, B., Pukkala, E., Schou, G., Tulinius, H., Trends in cancer incidence in the nordic countries. A collaborative study of the five nordic cancer registries (1986) Acta Path. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. A, 288, pp. 62-63; Harris, J.R., Lippman, M.E., Veronesi, U., Willett, W., Breast cancer, part i (1992) N. Engl. J. Med, 327, pp. 319-327; Holford, T.R., Rousch, G.C., McKay, L.A., Trends in female breast cancer in connecticut and the united states (1991) J. Clin. Epidemiol, 44, pp. 29-39; Holford, T.R., Understanding the effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence and mortality rates (1991) Ann. Rev. Publ. Health, 12, pp. 425-457; Kelsey, J.L., A review of the epidemiology of human breast cancer (1979) Epidemiol. Rev, 1, pp. 74-109; Kohlmeier, L., Rehm, J., Hoffmeister, H., Lifestyle and trends in world-wide breast cancer rates (1990) Ann. NY Acad. Sci, 10, pp. 259-368; Lindgren, R., Berg, G., Hammar, M., Zuccon, E., Hormonal replacement therapy and sexuality in a population of swedish postmenopausal women (1993) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand, 72, pp. 292-297; Ljung, B.O., Bergsten-Brucefors, A., Lindgren, G., The secular trend in physical growth in sweden (1974) Ann. Hum. Biol, 1, p. 245; Longnecker, M.P., Berlin, J.A., Orza, M.J., Chalmers, T.C., A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer (1988) JAMA, 260, pp. 652-656; Mattsson, B., Wallgren, A., A completeness of the swedish cancer register -non-notified cases on death certificates in 1978 (1984) Acta Radiol. Oncol, 23, p. 305; Meirik, O., Lund, E., Adami, H.-O., Bergstrom, R., Christofferson, T., Bergsjo, P., Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women. A joint national case-control study in sweden and norway (1986) Lancet, 2, pp. 650-655; Miller, A.B., Gulbrook, R.D., Uicc multidisciplinary project on breast cancer: The epidemiology, aetiology and prevention of breast cancer (1986) Int. J. Cancer, 37, pp. 173-177; Moore, D.H., Moore, D.H., Moore, C.T., Breast carcinoma etiological factors (1983) Adv. Cancer Res, 40, pp. 189-253; Muir, C., Waterhouse, J., Mack, T., Powell, J., Whelan, S., (1987) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, pp. 701-741. , Lyon: IARC; (1989) Extent and coverage of mammography screening activities in sweden, , Data from a questionnaire survey (personal communication Eva Lithander); (1991) Sales Statistics, p. 1991. , Stocholm: Department of Drug Information; Parkin, D.M., Nectoux, J., The changing incidence of breast cancer. rev (1991) Endocrine-Related Cancer, 39, pp. 21-27; Persson, I., Adami, H.-O., Johansson, E.D.B., Lindberg, B.S., Manell, P., Westerholm, B., A cohort study on estrogen treatment and risk of endometrial cancer. Evaluation of method and its applicability (1983) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol, 25, pp. 625-632; Ranstam, J., Janzon, L., Olsson, H., Rising incidence of breast cancer among young women in sweden (1990) Br. J. Cancer, 61, pp. 120-122; (1990) Population Statistics, , Stockholm, 1990; Steinberg, K.K., Thacker, S.B., Smith, S.J., Stroup, D.F., Zack, M.W., Flanders, W.D., Berkelman, R.L., A meta-analysis of the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of breast cancer (1991) JAMA, 265, pp. 1985-1990; Stjernsward, S.K.J., Koroltchouk, V., Cancers of the stomach, lung and breast: Mortality trends and control strategies (1988) Wld. Hlth. Statist, Q41, pp. 107-114. , (WHO); Tabar, L., Fagerberg, C., Gad, A., Baldetorp, L., Holmberg, L., Grontoft, O., Ljungquist, U., Manson, J.C., Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 829-832; Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk in young women (1989) Lancet, 1, pp. 973-982; White, E., Daling, J.R., Norsted, T.L., Chu, J., Rising incidence of breast cancer among young women in washington state (1987) JNCI, 2, pp. 239-243; White, E., Lee, C.Y., Kristal, A.R., Evaluation of the increase in breast cancer incidence in relation to mammography use (1990) JNCI, 82, pp. 1546-1552 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027436740&doi=10.1038%2fbjc.1993.513&partnerID=40&md5=81f86db77db747dcf983c740d58d7887 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are Viral Warts Seen More Commonly in Children With Eczema? T2 - Archives of Dermatology J2 - Arch. Dermatol. VL - 129 IS - 6 SP - 717 EP - 720 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1001/archderm.1993.01680270055006 SN - 0003987X (ISSN) AU - Williams, H. AU - Pottier, A. AU - Strachan, D. AD - St John's Institute of Dermatology, St ' Hospital, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, United States AB - Background and Design.—We sought to test the hypothesis that warts are seen more commonly in individuals with eczema by analyzing skin examination data from a national birth cohort study of 9263 British children born between March 3 and 9, 1958. Results.—Warts were seen less frequently in those with visible eczema at ages 11 and 16 years (relative risk, 0.60; 95% confidence intervals, 0.37 to 0.95; P=.03). This inverse association persisted after adjustment for potential confounders and was consistent within each age and sex group for children with a history of eczema who did not have visible eczema at the time of examination and for children with asthma/wheezy bronchitis regardless of eczema status. Visible acne or psoriasis was not associated with a decreased prevalence of warts. Conclusions.—These findings contradict previous suggestions of an increased risk of viral warts in atopic eczema and raise new questions regarding the role of cell-mediated immunity in atopic subjects. © 1993 American Medical Association All rights reserved. KW - acne KW - adult KW - article KW - atopy KW - cellular immunity KW - child KW - disease association KW - eczema KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - physical examination KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - psoriasis KW - skin examination KW - verruca vulgaris KW - Acne Vulgaris KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Dermatitis, Atopic KW - Human KW - Psoriasis KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity KW - Risk Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Virus Diseases KW - Warts N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8507073 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Williams, H.; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St ' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Baker, H., (1989) Clinical Dermatology, p. 91. , 4th ed. London, England: Ballière; :; du Vivier, A., (1990) Dermatology in Practice, p. 29. , London, England: Gower Medical; :; Mackie, R.M., (1991) Clinical Dermatology, p. 96. , 3rd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford Medical Publishers; :; Highet, A.S., Viral warts (1988) Semin Dermatol, 7, pp. 53-57; Jablonska, S., Wart viruses: human papilloma-viruses (1984) Semin Dermatol, 3, pp. 120-129; Champion, R.H., Parish, W.E., Atopic dermatitis (1992) Textbook of Dermatology, p. 605. , Champion RH, Burton JL, Ebling FJG, eds., 5th ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc; :; Robinson, T.W.E., Heath, B., (1983) Virus Diseases and the Skin, p. 150. , New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone Inc; :; Bunney, M.H., (1982) Viral Warts, p. 11. , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; :; Champion, R.H., Parish, W.E., Atopic dermatitis (1986) Textbook of Dermatology, 1, p. 428. , Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, eds., 4th ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc;; Leung, D.Y.M., Rhodes, A.R., Geha, R.S., Enumeration of T cell subsets in atopic dermatitis using monoclonal antibodies (1981) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 67, pp. 450-455; Kragbelle, K., Antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in severe atopic dermatitis (1979) Allergy, 34, pp. 35-41; Jensen, J.R., Sand, T.T., Jörgensen, A.S., Thestrup-Pedersen, K., Modulation of natural killer cell activity in patients with atopic dermatitis (1984) J Invest Dermatol, 82, pp. 30-34; Rystedt, I., Stranegård, I.L., Stranegård, O., Recurrent viral infections in patients with past or present atopic dermatitis (1986) Br J Dermatol, 114, pp. 575-582; Currie, J.M., Wright, R.C., Miller, O.G., The frequency of warts in atopic patients (1971) Cutis, 8, pp. 243-245; Larsson, P.A., Lidén, S., Prevalence of skin diseases among adolescents 12-16 years of age (1980) Acta Derm Venereol, 60, pp. 415-423; Vieluf, D., Ruzicka, T., Complications and diseases associated with atopic eczema (1991) Handbook of Atopic Dermatitis, p. 62. , Ruzicka T, Ring J Pryzbilla B, eds., New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co Inc; :; Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London, England; NCDS User Support Group, City University;; Golding, J., Peters, T.J., The epidemiology of childhood eczema, I: a population based study of associations (1987) Pediat Perinat Epidemiol, 1, pp. 67-79; Atkins, E., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention: Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe, pp. 25-30. , Mednick SA, Baert AE, eds., New York, NY: Oxford University Press; :; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), pp. 79-80. , New York, NY: Longman Inc; :; (1988) Epidemiological Graphics, Estimation, and Testing Package, , Seattle, Wash: Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corp;; Fritz, K.A., Norris, D.A., Morris, R.L., ADCC effector function in patients with atopic dermatitis (1980) J Am Acad Dermatol, 3, pp. 167-173; Stranegård, O., Stranegård, I.L., T lymphocyte numbers and function in human IgE-mediated allergy (1978) Immunol Rev, 41, pp. 149-170; Uehara, M., Sawai, T., A longitudinal study of contact sensitivity in patients with atopic dermatitis (1989) Arch Dermatol, 125, pp. 366-368; Skurkowich, S.V., Eremkina, E.I., The probable role of interferon in allergy (1975) Ann Allergy, 35, pp. 356-360; Bonifazi, E., Garofalo, L., Pisani, V., Meneghini, C.L., Role of some infectious agents in atopic dermatitis (1985) Acta Derm Venereol Suppl, 114, pp. 98-100; Gianetti, A., Viral skin diseases in atopic dermatitis (1987) Pediatric Dermatology, pp. 110-113. , Happle R, Grosshans E. eds., New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc; :; Van der Werf, E., Lent, T., Een onderzoek naar het vóókomen en het verloop van wratten bij schoolkindren (1959) Ned Tijdschr Geneesk, 103, pp. 1204-1208; East Anglian Branch of the Society of Medical Officers of Health, The incidence of warts and plantar warts amongst children in East Anglia (1955) Med Off, 94, pp. 55-59; Keefe, M., Dick, D.C., Dermatologists should not be concerned in routine treatment of warts (1988) BMJ, 296, pp. 177-179; Highet, A.S., Kurtz, J., Viral Infections (1992) Textbook of Dermatology, p. 898. , Champion RH, Burton JL, Ebling FJG, eds., 5th ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Inc; :; Husain, M.H., Somerville, R.G., Presence of herpes-simplex virus on eczematous skin (1964) Lancet, 2, p. 391; Hanifin, J.M., Homburger, H.A., Staphylococcal colonization, infection and atopic dermatitis: association not etiology (1986) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 78, pp. 563-566; (1976) Vital and Health Statistics: Skin Conditions of Youths 12-17, , Washington, DC: US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare; UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027178421&doi=10.1001%2farchderm.1993.01680270055006&partnerID=40&md5=2111d6f883bba3bc562603cdccd7dc8e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term psychosocial sequelae of chronic physical disorders in childhood T2 - Pediatrics J2 - PEDIATRICS VL - 91 IS - 6 SP - 1131 EP - 1136 PY - 1993 SN - 00314005 (ISSN) AU - Pless, I.B. AU - Power, C. AU - Peckham, C.S. AD - Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper St, Montreal, Que. H3H 1P3, Canada AB - Objective. This study was designed to examine the long-term psychosocial sequelae of chronic physical disorders that begin during childhood. Design. We analyzed data from a national birth cohort. 12 537 children were followed until age 23 years-76% of all born in Britain during one week in 1958. Of these, 1667 had a chronic disorder before age 16 and 1279 were included in the 23-year follow-up. Measures. Outcome measures included self-reported psychological disturbances between ages 16 and 23, scores on the Malaise Inventory, social class, educational qualifications, unemployment, and social activities. Results. The total cumulative incidence rate before 16 years was 109.5 per 1000. Demographic comparisons showed that the group with chronic physical disorders was similar to those free of chronic disorders in all respects except the sex ratio. Men with chronic physical disorders had significantly higher relative risks for abnormal scores on the Malaise Inventory (1.52, confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 2.05); specialist psychological care (1.43, CI 1.00, 2.03); poor educational qualifications (1.26, CI 1.08, 1.47); periods of unemployment (1.20, CI 1.03, 1.41); and less social drinking (1.36, CI 1.15, 1.60). In contrast, women only had a significantly elevated risk for having seen a mental health specialist (1.32, CI 1.02, 1.71). Among the men some of the risks were further elevated for those in specific diagnostic groups. These findings are examined in the light of postulates about the impact of chronic physical disorders as a whole and in an attempt to explain the striking sex differences. For clinicians they provide further reason to justify concern about the psychosocial aspects of care for children with chronic disorders. KW - chronic physical disorders KW - longitudinal analyses KW - psychosocial sequelae KW - academic achievement KW - adult KW - article KW - chronic disease KW - drinking behavior KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - malaise KW - male KW - priority journal KW - psychosocial disorder KW - risk assessment KW - self report KW - sex difference KW - social behavior KW - social class KW - unemployment KW - Affective Symptoms KW - Chronic Disease KW - Cost of Illness KW - Disabled Persons KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Psychology, Social KW - Risk KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Behavior KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :63 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PEDIA C2 - 8502515 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pless, I.B.; Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper St, Montreal, Que. H3H 1P3, Canada UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027251845&partnerID=40&md5=37cbe28ace778cba1c719f02f45e2e54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disability in young adults: The role of injuries T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH VL - 47 IS - 5 SP - 349 EP - 354 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1136/jech.47.5.349 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Barker, M. AU - Power, C. AD - Department of Public Health, Brent and Harrow Health Authority, Grace House, Bessborough Road, Harrow HA1 3EX, United Kingdom AB - Study objective: To describe the prevalence of disability in young adults and estimate the contribution that injuries make to disability. Design: The study uses data from a British longitudinal survey, the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort). Disability at age 23 was ascertained from three questions asked in an interview with cohort members in 1981: these related to longstanding illness that limits activity, permanent disability following an accident after age 16, and registered disability. Lower and upper estimates of the contribution of injuries to disability were derived from ICD-9 codes allocated to the disabilities. Subjects: These comprised 12,537 subjects, representing 76% of the target population, cohort members still alive and resident in Britain in 1981. Main results: Prevalence of disability according to the three definitions was: 46 per 1000 with limiting longstanding illness; 28 per 1000 with a permanent accident related disability of onset after age 16; and 10 per 1000 registered disabled. Combining all three definitions, the overall prevalence of disability was 68 per 1000, with men reporting more disability than women. It was estimated that an injury caused the disability for 16.7% of subjects, at the lower estimate, and 26.0% at the upper estimate (23.1% to 32.1% for men and 8.6% to 18.4% for women). For limiting longstanding illness of onset after 16, between 33.5% and 47.8% was due to an injury. Road accidents caused 31% of permanent accident related disability. Over one half of men and nearly three quarters of women reporting permanent accident related disability had not been admitted to hospital for their injury. Conclusions: Injuries are an important cause of disability in young adults, particularly injuries resulting from accidents after age 16. Accident prevention in the 16-24 group has the potential to reduce the prevalence of disability substantially. KW - accident KW - accident prevention KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child development KW - cohort analysis KW - disability KW - epidemiology KW - female KW - follow up KW - hospital admission KW - human KW - injury KW - interview KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - normal human KW - onset age KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - register KW - sex difference KW - traffic accident KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 8289032 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Barker, M.; Department of Public Health, Brent and Harrow Health Authority, Grace House, Bessborough Road, Harrow HA1 3EX, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027374516&doi=10.1136%2fjech.47.5.349&partnerID=40&md5=7a0f420b30fb73f11a6a0c507464fab1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in italy, 1958 to 1987: A cross-sectional and cohort study T2 - Neurology J2 - Neurology VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 927 EP - 930 PY - 1993 SN - 00283878 (ISSN) AU - Chiograve;, A. AU - Magnani, C. AU - Schiffer, D. AD - Second Department of Neurology, Cancer Epidemiologic Unit, Local Health Authority TO-VIII and University of Turin, Turin, Italy AB - We analyzed the mortality rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Italy from 1958 to 1987. The overall mean annual mortality rate, adjusted to the 1981 Italian population, was 0.68/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.72); 0.86 for men; and 0.62 for women. During that period, mortality increased for both sexes: from 1958/1962 to 1983/1987, mortality increased by 60% for women and 24% for men. The slope for women was 0.07, and for men, 0.02. Moreover, the mortality rate increased in older age groups and was stable for subjects under 45 years old. There was no clear birth-cohort effect, but in any cohort the age-specific mortality rate increased with advancing age, with no decline for the oldest age. Based on these data, the increase of ALS mortality rates is probably due to the effect of changing methodologic and demographic variables and the decrease of mortality of some competing diseases, rather than a real rise of the risk in the whole population or in specific birth cohorts. © 1993 American Academy of Neurology. KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis KW - article KW - cohort analysis KW - demography KW - female KW - human KW - italy KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Human KW - Italy KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Sex Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8492947 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027264032&partnerID=40&md5=a3d64537fbc129fe9cd05d916d31c50f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Union Membership after Thatcher: Evidence from the National Child Development Study T2 - Management Research News J2 - Manage. Res. News VL - 16 IS - 5-6 SP - 65 EP - 66 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1108/eb028318 SN - 01409174 (ISSN) AU - Green, F. AU - Soper, J. AD - University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Disney, R., Explanations of the Decline in Trade Union Density in Britain: An Appraisal (1990) British Journal of Industrial Relations, 29 (2), pp. 165-177; Gallie, D., (1989) Trade Union Allegiance and Decline in British Urban Labour Markets, , ESRC SCELI Working Paper 9; Green, F., Trade union Availability and Trade Union Membership in Britain (1990) The Manchester School, 48 (4), pp. 378-394; Green, F., Recent Decline in Trade Union Density: How Much of a Compositional Effect? (1991) British Journal of Industrial Relations; Penn, R., Scattergood, H., (1990) The Experience of Trade Unions and Rochdale during the 1980s: Evidence from the Social Change and Economic Life Initiative, , ESRC SCELI Working Paper 15 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84950099691&doi=10.1108%2feb028318&partnerID=40&md5=315f6093d6ae91268eb3007177ed9fea ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Impact of the National Child Development Study T2 - Children & Society J2 - Child. Soc. VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 20 EP - 36 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1111/j.1099-0860.1993.tb00280.x SN - 09510605 (ISSN) AU - Davie, R. AD - National Children's Bureau AB - SUMMARY. For the first 20 years of the National Children's Bureau's life, the massive and many‐sided National Child Development Study was the flagship of the Bureau's research. The Study's impact on policy and practice was very considerable and it also earned itself an international reputation scientifically. This article highlights some of the study's major findings in education, health and social policy over the period when the 15,000 or so children involved were still at school Copyright © 1993, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Davie, R.; National Children's Bureau N1 - References: Alberman, E., Goldstein, H., The ‘at risk’ register: a statistical evaluation’ (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, pp. 129-135; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems., , Edinburgh:, Churchill Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality., , Edinburgh:, Churchill Livingstone; (1986) From Birth to Five., , Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Oxford:, Pergamon Press; Butler, N., Goldstein, H., ‘Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development’ (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-575; Crellin, E., Pringle, M., West, P., (1971) Born Illegitimate., , Windsor:, NFER; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven., , London:, Longman; (1972) A Framework for Expansion. (White Paper)., , London:, D.E.S; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School., , London:, MacGibbon & Kee; Ferri, E., (1976) Growing Up in a One‐parent Family., , Windsor:, NFER; Ferri, E., ‘Children in one‐parent families’ (1979) Ginger, pp. 4-6. , Feb, pp; Ferri, E., (1984) Stepchildren: A National Study., , Windsor:, NFER/Nelson; (1976) Britain's Sixteen Year Olds., , Fogelman, K., London:, NCB; Fogelman, K., ‘Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent development of the child’ (1980) Child Care, Health and Development, 6, pp. 233-251; (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain., , Fogelman, K., London:, Macmillan; Goldstein, H., ‘A mathematical model for population disease screening’ (1975) Bulletin of Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications, 11, pp. 64-66; Goldstein, H., ‘Smoking in pregnancy: the statistical controversy’ (1977) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 31, pp. 13-17; Goldstein, H., (1992); Healy, M., Goldstein, H., ‘An approach to the scaling of categorical attributes’ (1976) Biometrika, 63, pp. 201-211; Hitchfield, E., (1974) In Search of Promise., , London:, Longman; Lambert, L., ‘Living in one‐parent families: school leavers and their futures’ (1978) Concern, 29, pp. 26-30; (1972) Report to the Social Science Research Council on the 2nd Follow‐Up of the National Child Development Study, , London:, NCB; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape from Disadvantage., , London:, Falmer Press; Plowden, B., (1966) Children and their Primary Schools, 2. , (Chmn.),. London:, HMSO; Power, C., ‘A review of child health in the birth cohort: National Child Development Study’ (1992) Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology, 6, pp. 81-110; Pringle, M., Butler, N., Davie, R., (1966) 11,000 Seven Year Olds., , London:, Longman; Rutter, M., Madge, N., (1976) Cycles of Disadvantage., , London:, Heinemann; Seglow, J., Pringle, M., Wedge, P., (1972) Growing Up Adopted., , Windsor:, NFER; Steedman, J., (1980) Progress in Secondary Schools., , London:, NCB; Steedman, J., (1983) Examination Results in Selective and Non‐Selective Schools., , London:, NCB; (1972), pp. 25-31. , ‘The unequal start’, Colour Supplement, 4 June, pp; Wadsworth, M., (1991) The Imprint of Time., , Oxford:, Clarendon Press; Wedge, P., Prosser, H., (1973) Born to Fail?, , London:, Arrow Books; Wedge, P., Essen, J., (1982) Children in Adversity., , London:, Pan Books; Wedge, P., (1992)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979403189&doi=10.1111%2fj.1099-0860.1993.tb00280.x&partnerID=40&md5=4898de4466be755742ab022f0d74817d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Externalizing Behavior in the Life Course: The Transition From School to Work T2 - Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders J2 - J. Emot. Behav. Disord. VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 179 EP - 188 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1177/106342669300100306 SN - 10634266 (ISSN) AU - Farmer, E.M. AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7590, Chapel Hill, NC 27599–7590, United States AB - This paper uses data from the National Child Development Study to study the long-term experiences of boys who display externalizing behavior problems. Analyses examine the transition from school to work by bringing together variables used in life-course analyses of the transition to adulthood (e.g., family background, individual ability, aspirations, school placements) with variables often employed in longitudinal studies of children with behavior problems (e.g., behavior problems, family difficulties, special educational services). A substantial amount of variance is accounted for by variables that are conventionally employed in life-course analyses. However, academic ability, parental aspirations, and private/grammar school placement have significantly smaller effects on some outcomes for boys who display externalizing behavior than for boys who do not display such behavior. The discussion emphasizes the importance of including both sets of factors when explaining the life-course experiences of boys who displayed externalizing behaviors. © 1993, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Z. Farmer, E.M.; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7590, Chapel Hill, NC 27599–7590, United States N1 - References: Brimblecombe, F., Hoghughi, M., Tripp, J., A new covenant with adolescents in crisis (1989) Children and Society, 3, pp. 168-180; Caspi, A., Elder, G.H., Jr., Bem, D.J., Moving against the world: Life-course patterns of explosive children (1987) Developmental Psychology, 23, pp. 308-313; Caspi, A., Elder, G.H., Jr., Herbener, E.S., Childhood personality and the prediction of life-course patterns (1990) Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthoo, pp. 13-35. , L.N. Robins & M. Rutter (Eds.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven, , London: Longman; Elder, G.H., Jr., Human lives, development, and society (1991), Paper presented at the Carolina Consortium on Human Development, Chapel Hill, NC; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; Furstenberg, F.F., Brooks-Gunn, J., Morgan, S.P., (1987) Adolescent mothers in later life, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Galloway, D.M., Goodwin, C., (1979) Educating slow-learning and maladjusted children: Integration or segregation, , London: Longman; Ghodsian, M., Children's behaviour and the BSAG: Some theoretical and statistical considerations (1977) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16, pp. 23-28; Goldfarb, W., Meyers, D., Florsheim, J., Goldfarb, N., (1978) Psychotic children grown up: A prospective follow-up in adolescence and adulthood, , New York: Human Sciences Press; Goldscheider, F.K., Waite, L.J., Nest-leaving patterns and the transition to marriage for young men and women (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 507-516; Hanushek, E.A., Jackson, J.E., (1977) Statistical methods for social scientists, , Orlando, FL: Academic Press; Hogan, D.P., The variable order of events in the life course (1978) American Sociological Review, 43, pp. 573-586; Hogan, D.P., The transition to adulthood as a career contingency (1980) American Sociological Review, 45, pp. 261-276; Hogan, D.P., Astone, N.M., The transition to adulthood (1986) Annual review of sociolog, , R.H. Turner & J.F. Short (Eds.) (Vol. 12). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews; Hout, M., Morgan, W.R., Race and sex variations in the causes of the expected attainments of high school seniors (1975) American Journal of Sociology, 81, pp. 364-394; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1990) Getting started: Transition to adulthood in Great Britain, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Kerckhoff, A.C., Educational pathways to early career mobility in Great Britain (1990) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 9, pp. 131-157; Kerckhoff, A.C., Campbell, R.T., Winfield-Laird, I., Social mobility in Great Britain and the United States (1985) American Journal of Sociology, 91, pp. 281-308; Koroloff, N.M., Moving out: Transition policies for youth with serious emotional disabilities (1990) Journal of Mental Health Administration, 17, pp. 78-86; Laslett, R., (1977) Educating maladjusted children, , London: Crosby Lockwool Staples; Leone, P., A descriptive follow-up of behaviorally disordered adolescents (1984) Behavioral Disorders, 9, pp. 207-214; Marini, M.M., The transition to adulthood: sex differences in educational attainment and age at marriage (1978) American Sociological Review, 43, pp. 483-507; Marini, M.M., Age and sequencing norms in the transition to adulthood (1984) Social Forces, 63, pp. 229-244; Marini, M.M., Measuring the process of role change during the transition to adulthood (1987) Social Science Research, 16, pp. 1-38; Masterson, P.V., (1981) From borderline adolescent to functioning adult: The test of time, , New York: Brunner/Mazel; Mauzerall, H.A., Emancipation from foster care: The independent living project (1983) Child Welfare, 62, pp. 46-53; Mitchell, S., Rosa, P., Boyhood behaviour problems as precursors of criminality: A fifteen-year follow-up study (1981) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, pp. 19-23; Modrcin, M., Rutland, A.C., Youth in transition: A summary of service components (1989) Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 12, pp. 3-18; Murty, L., Transition for whom? Adolescence theories with androcentric bias (1978) Sex Roles, 4, pp. 369-373; Newcomb, M.D., Bentler, P.M., Drug use, educational aspirations, and work force involvement: The transition from adolescence to young adulthood (1986) American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, pp. 303-321; Robins, L.N., (1966) Deviant children grown up: A sociological and psychiatric study of sociopathic personality, , Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; Robins, L.N., Rutter, M., (1990) Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood, , (Eds.). ( New York: Cambridge University Press; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1981) Education, health and behaviour, , Huntington, NY: R.E. Kreiger; Stott, D.H., (1960) The social adjustment of children: Manual to the Bristol social adjustment guides, , London: University of London Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84965853773&doi=10.1177%2f106342669300100306&partnerID=40&md5=7821658bcf8268388d5cb639d2742e1c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality in Greece and Greek-born women in Victoria. What does a 'natural experiment' suggest? T2 - European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology J2 - Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 65 EP - 70 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1016/0028-2243(93)90166-A SN - 00282243 (ISSN) AU - Lumley, J. AU - Bakoula, C. AD - Centre for the Study of Mothers' and Children's Health, Monash University, 463 Cardigan St, Carlton, Vic. 3163, Australia AD - Athens University, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens 608, Greece AB - A comparison of perinatal outcome in the Greek perinatal mortality survey of 1983 with the outcome of births to Greek born women who had migrated to Victoria, Australia found marked similarities in maternal age, parity, marital status and cigarette smoking. The birthweight distributions were almost identical in the two groups. Despite these similarities the perinatal mortality was substantially higher in Greece. Analysis by cause of death showed the differences to be marginal in all categories except deaths attributed to intrapartum asphyxia which were eight times as common in Greece. © 1993. KW - Asphyxia KW - Migration KW - Perinatal mortality KW - adult KW - australia KW - birth weight KW - cause of death KW - conference paper KW - controlled study KW - female KW - fetus KW - fetus hypoxia KW - fetus outcome KW - greece KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - perinatal mortality KW - priority journal KW - Birth Weight KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Greece KW - Human KW - Marital Status KW - Maternal Age KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Smoking KW - Victoria N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EOGRA C2 - 8365538 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lumley, J.; Centre for the Study of Mothers' and Children's Health, Monash University, 463 Cardigan St, Carlton, Vic. 3163, Australia N1 - References: Tzoumaka-Bakoula, The Greek national perinatal survey: I: Design, methodology, case ascertainment (1987) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 1, pp. 43-55; Tzoumaka-Bakoula, Lekea-Karanika, Golding, Thomas, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Greece (1989) Eur J Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Biol, 31, pp. 127-131; Tzoumaka-Bakoula, Lekea-Karanika, Matsaniotis, Golding, The Greek national perinatal survey II. Socio-economic factors and perinatal mortality in Greece (1989) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 3, pp. 41-52; Lekea-Karanika, Tzoumaka-Bakoula, Golding, Incidence of anencephaly and spina bifida in Greece (1988) Teratology, 38, pp. 347-349; Wigglesworth, Monitoring perinatal mortality: a pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 41-52; Tzoumaka-Bakoula, Lekea-Karanika, Matsaniotis, McCarthy, Golding, Birthweight specific mortality in Greece (1990) Acta Paediatr Scand, 79, pp. 47-51; Tzoumaka-Bakoula, Lekea-Karanika, Matsaniotis, Shenton, Golding, Are there gaps in the provision of perinatal care in Greece? (1989) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 43, pp. 319-323; Consultative Council on Obstetric and Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity, (1983) Annual Reports for the years 1982–1987. Incorporating the 21st to 26th surveys of perinatal death in Victoria, , Government Printer, Melbourne; Lumley, Baskin, Rigoni, (1983) Rights and wrongs: a validation study of the perinatal morbidity system, , Health Commission of Victoria, Melbourne; Bell, Lumley, Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking by Victorian women during pregnancy (1989) Commun Health Stud, 14, pp. 484-491; Schlesselman, (1982) Case-control studies. Design, conduct and analysis, , Oxford University Press, New York; Vandenbroucke, A shortcut method for calculating the 95% confidence interval of the standardised mortality ratio (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 115, pp. 303-304; Ministerial Review of Birthing Services in Victoria. Having a Baby in Victoria (1990) Report of the Study Group, , Health Department of Victoria, Melbourne; Michalas, Sakellaropoulos, Bakoula, Aravantinos, Obstetrical interventions in Greece (1990) Proceedings of the XII European Congress of Perinatal Medicine, , Lyon UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027195319&doi=10.1016%2f0028-2243%2893%2990166-A&partnerID=40&md5=feae051b157411fef2d6344131454086 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Creating a death register for general practice T2 - British Journal of General Practice J2 - BR. J. GEN. PRACT. VL - 43 IS - 367 SP - 70 EP - 72 PY - 1993 SN - 09601643 (ISSN) AU - Berlin, A. AU - Bhopal, R. AU - Spencer, J. AU - Van Zwanenberg, T. AD - Division of Primary Health Care, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom AB - General practitioners complete approximately 26% of death certificates themselves but have considerable difficulty obtaining prompt and accurate information about their other patients who die. A random survey of district health authorities in England revealed that all were able to compile death lists but none included general practitioner details. This paper reviews the flow of information on patient deaths and describes a project to assess the feasibility of providing Newcastle general practitioners with comprehensive death registers. With the collaboration of the family health services authority and the district health authority, and with data from the regional perinatal mortality survey the creation each week of complete lists of patient deaths, broken down by general practitioner is feasible. Death registers allow general practitioners to undertake audit of the quality of death certification and of the care of the recently deceased, and to improve the continuing care of the bereaved. KW - article KW - cause of death KW - death KW - death certificate KW - family health KW - general practice KW - general practitioner KW - health care quality KW - information processing KW - medical audit KW - patient information KW - perinatal mortality KW - register KW - united kingdom KW - Cause of Death KW - Death Certificates KW - England KW - Family Practice KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Human KW - Registries KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJGPE C2 - 8466779 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Berlin, A.; Division of Primary Health Care, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027502547&partnerID=40&md5=31c4f59f0fa817fc8f12268fc80d15bb ER - TY - JOUR TI - The association between height and some structural social variables: A study of 10-year-old children in Stockholm during 40 years T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 20 IS - 5 SP - 469 EP - 476 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1080/03014469300002862 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Cernerud, L. AD - Nordic School of Public Health, Göteborg, Sweden AB - The associations between height of 10-year old children and mother's age, family size, number of inhabitants per room and father's occupational level were investigated over a period of 40 years. The analyses were based on samples of 10-year-old Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963. Family size consistently associated with height. Father's occupational level showed a statistically significant association only for children growing up in the 1930s and 1940s, and the number of inhabitants per room only during the 1930s. Mother's age was significantly associated with height only in the cohort of children born in 1963, taller children having older mothers. The influence of the structural social factors taken together on height variation was lowest in the 1953 cohort; its magnitude in the 1963 cohort was the same as in the 1943 cohort. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - family size KW - father KW - human KW - mother KW - socioeconomics KW - Sweden KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Family Characteristics KW - Fathers KW - Human KW - Mothers KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Sweden PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 8215230 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cernerud, L.; Nordic School of Public Health, Göteborg, Sweden N1 - References: Bergström, B., (1982) Descriptions of Districts in Stockholm 18601980, , Stockholm Office of Statistics,Stockholm (in Swedish); Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Fellowes, H.M., A longitudinal study of growth in Newcastle upon Tyne adolescents (1983) Annals of Human Biology, 10, pp. 125-133; Cernerud, L., Lindgren, G.W., Secular changes in height and weight of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963 (1991) Annals of Human Biology, 18, pp. 497-505; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Price, C.E., The secular trend in height of primary school children in England and Scotland 197279 and 197986 (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 387-395; Diderichsen, F., Boström, G., Norman, A., (1990) Public health in Stockholm 1990—can there be efficiency and equity in health policy? SSL Green Report No. 185, , Karolinska Institute, Department of Social Medicine,Stockholm; Dooley, D., Catalano, R., The epidemiology of economic stress (1984) American Journal of Community Psychology, 12, pp. 387-409; (1960) General Elections in Stockholm, , 1968 Stockholm Office of Statistics,Stockholm (in Swedish); Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children—results from the National Child Developmental Study (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; (1945) Housing Census of Stockholm, 14. , Stockholm Office of Statistics,Stockholm (in Swedish); Lewis-Beck, M.S., Applied Regression. Series: Quantitative Applications in the Social Science (1986) Sage University Paper 22, , Sage Publications,Beverly Hills and London; Lindgren, G.W., Cernerud, L., Physical growth and socioeconomic background of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 193363 (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 1-16; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., The National Study of Health and Growth: nutritional surveillance of primary school children from 1972 to 1981 with special reference to unemployment and social class (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 11, pp. 17-28; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; SAS User's Guide (1985) StatisticsVersion 5 edition, , SAS Institute,Cary, NC USA; (1965) Statistical Yearbook of Stockholm, , 1955 Stockholm Office of Statistics,Stockholm (in Swedish); Swedish Socioeconomic Classification (SEI) (1982) Reports on Statistical Co-ordination 1982: 4, , Statistics Sweden,Stockholm (in Swedish) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027661534&doi=10.1080%2f03014469300002862&partnerID=40&md5=3c46e71ec8035be66f951968cf777773 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality and cancer morbidity of production workers in the United Kingdom flexible polyurethane foam industry T2 - British Journal of Industrial Medicine J2 - BR. J. IND. MED. VL - 50 IS - 6 SP - 528 EP - 536 PY - 1993 SN - 00071072 (ISSN) AU - Sorahan, T. AU - Pope, D. AD - Cancer Epidemiology Research Unit, Dept. of Public Health/Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TJ, United Kingdom AB - Objective - To describe cause specific mortality and site specific cancer morbidity among workers employed in factories that produce polyurethane foams, and to determine if any part of the experience may be due to occupation, and in particular to exposure to diisocyanates. Design - Historical prospective cohort study. Setting - 11 factories in England and Wales. Subjects - 8288 male and female production employees with some employment in the period 1958-79, and with a minimum period of employment of six months. Main outcome measures - Observed and expected numbers of deaths for the period 1958-88, and corresponding figures for cancer registrations for the period 1971-86. Results - Compared with the general population of England and Wales, standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes and all neoplasms were 97 (observed deaths (Obs) 816) and 88 (Obs 221) respectively. Statistically significant excesses were found among women for cancer of the pancreas (expected deaths (Exp) 2.2, Obs 6, SMR 271, 95% CI 100-595) and cancer of the lung (Exp 9.1, Obs 16, SMR 176, 95% CI 100-285). Similar excesses were not found among male employees, and the SMRs for cancers of the lung and pancreas among the total study population were 100 (Obs 81) and 136 (Obs 14) respectively. Overall incidence of cancer was also below expectation (SRR 94, Obs 277), although statistically significant excesses among women were found for cancers of the larynx and kidney, based on three and four cases respectively. Incident cancers of the lung and pancreas among women were also in excess, although these findings were not independent of the findings for mortality. Poisson regression did not indicate that ever having been employed in jobs attracting either higher or lower exposure to isocyanates was a risk factor for the mentioned cancers. A nested case-control design was used to investigate any associations with nine other occupational exposures. No statistically significant association was found. Conclusions - In general, cancer rates in this population were lower than those for the general population. All increased cancer rates among women occurred at sites of cancer known to be related to cigarette smoking, and these excesses are probably due to a combination of cigarette smoking, chance, and factors unrelated to the industry under study. KW - isocyanate KW - polyurethan KW - article KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer morbidity KW - cancer mortality KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - industrial medicine KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - occupational cancer KW - occupational exposure KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cause of Death KW - Chemical Industry KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Morbidity KW - Neoplasms KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Polyurethanes KW - Prospective Studies KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJIMA C2 - 8329319 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sorahan, T.; Cancer Epidemiology Research Unit, Dept. of Public Health/Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TJ, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: isocyanate, 71000-82-3, 75-13-8; polyurethan, 61789-63-7; Polyurethanes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027218165&partnerID=40&md5=2e2bc49eb94e26462f5031165081997a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Classifying perinatal death: experience from a regional survey T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 100 IS - 2 SP - 110 EP - 121 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15204.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Settatree, R.S. AD - West Midlands Regional Perinatal Audit, Brook House, Solihull Hospital, Lode Lane, Solihull, West Midlands, B91 3JL, United Kingdom AB - Objective To examine problems encountered in classifying perinatal death using the systems proposed by and . Subjects 451 deaths from a regional perinatal mortality survey of which 293 had a post mortem examination. Methods Documents from each death were reviewed by four assessors, one from each discipline, selected randomly from a pool of obstetricians, paediatricians, general practitioners and midwives. Each assessor classified the cause of death blind to the others. The degree of agreement between assessors was calculated for the full and shortened obstetric and fetal‐neonatal classifications using the kappa statistic for inter‐rater agreement. Results The kappa statistic, which is a measure of the proportion of agreement above chance, gave a value of 0.55 for the full obstetric classification and 0.58 for the full fetal and neonatal classification when all four assessors made an assignment. An assignment was omitted in 6.2%, but the kappa value of zero for these omissions suggested that this was a nonsystematic result due to random protocol violations. The grouped (shortened) classifications generated a higher kappa value of 0.62 for the nine point obstetric system and 0.67 for the six point fetal and neonatal (New Wigglesworth) system. Post mortem had little effect on agreement. The best agreement levels observed were for congenital anomaly. Conclusion This survey highlighted the complexity of the 22 and 24 point classifications, the uneven distribution of deaths within their categories, and the variable levels of agreement between professionals classifying deaths, thus questioning the validity of individual maternity units of health districts generating local data in this degree of detail for comparative purposes in regional and national statistics. Grouping the original categories led to greater agreement particularly for the New Wigglesworth classification. The role of post mortems in clarifying the cause of fetal and neonatal death needs further investigation. Copyright © 1993, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - cause of death KW - etiology KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - human KW - newborn KW - newborn death KW - perinatal mortality KW - priority journal KW - Cause of Death KW - Death Certificates KW - Great Britain KW - Health Surveys KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Observer Variation KW - Random Allocation N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8476800 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Settatree, R.S.; West Midlands Regional Perinatal Audit, Brook House, Solihull Hospital, Lode Lane, Solihull, West Midlands, B91 3JL, United Kingdom N1 - References: Baird, D., Walker, J., Thomson, A.M., The causes and prevention of stillbirths and first week deaths. III. A classification of deaths by clinical cause: the effect of age, parity and length of gestation on death rates by cause (1954) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 61, pp. 433-448; Baird, D., Thompson, A.M., The survey perinatal deaths reclassified by special clinico‐pathological assessment (1969) Perinatal Problems, pp. 200-210. , N. R. Butler, E. Alberman, eds, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp; Barron, S.L., How can we improve perinatal surveillance (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1201-1203; Cole, S.K., Hey, E.N., Thomson, A.M., Classifying perinatal death: an obstetric approach (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1204-1212; Fleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, pp. 188-236. , 2nd ed, John Wiley, New York, pp; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; Keeling, J.W., MacGillivray, I., Golding, J., Wigglesworth, J., Berry, J., Dunn, P.M., Classification of perinatal death (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1345-1351; MacFarlane, A., Cole, S., Hey, E.N., Comparisons of data from regional perinatal mortality surveys (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1224-1232; McIlwaine, G.M., Dunn, F.H., Howat, R.C., Smalls, M., Wyllie, M.M., McNaughton, M.C., A routine system for monitoring perinatal deaths in Scotland (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 9-13; Perinatal mortality: a continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) Br Med J, 288, pp. 1717-1720; (1991) Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Death in the United Kingdom 1985–87, , Department of Health, Welsh Office, Scottish Home and Health Department and DHSS Northern Ireland, HMSO, London; (1989) Report of the West Midlands 1987 Perinatal Mortality Survey and Confidential Enquiry, , West Midlands Regional Health Authority, Birmingham; (1988) Report on Fetal and Perinatal Pathology, , Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Royal College of Pathologists, London; (1991), Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Audit Committee letter No.3, London; Rushton, D.I., West Midlands Perinatal Survey 1987: an audit of 300 perinatal autopsies (1991) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 98, pp. 624-627; (1990) Scottish Stillbirth and Neonatal Death Report 1989, , Common Services Agency, Edinburgh; Wigglesworth, J.S., Monitoring perinatal mortality (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027477428&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1993.tb15204.x&partnerID=40&md5=3129c223696e82c12c04e081cb1b00fb ER - TY - JOUR TI - The energy, nutrient and food intakes of teenagers aged 16–17 years in Britain: 1. Energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides T2 - British Journal of Nutrition J2 - Br. J. Nutr. VL - 70 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 26 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1079/BJN19930101 SN - 00071145 (ISSN) AU - Crawley, H.F. AD - School of Life Sciences, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, Kiribati AB - As part of the 16–17 year follow-up of the 1970 longitudinal birth cohort study, The International Centre for Child Studies collected dietary data from a National sample of 4760 teenagers. Dietary intake data were collected in 4 d unweighed dietary diaries, distributed by schools and returned by post. Dietary intake data were quantitatively coded, and the intakes of energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are reported. Intakes of fat and extrinsic sugars, expressed as a percentage of energy intake, exceeded recent recommendations (Department of Health, 1991), and the intakes of intrinsic sugars, milk sugars and starch, and NSP were considerably lower than recommended. Only 25% of males and 10% of females achieved intakes of 18 g NSP/d. The main food groups contributing fat (%) to the diets of teenagers (for males and females respectively) were meat and meat products (24.2, 22.1), spreading fats (18.6, 18.1) and cereals and cereal products (18, 17.8), whilst the major sources of sugars (%) were (for males and females respectively) sugar and confectionary (28.2, 26.4), cereals and cereal products (24.5, 23) and beverages (21.9, 21.5). Less than half the cohort drank alcohol during the recording period, and about 6% of females drank more than 2 units alcohol/d, and about 6% of males drank more than 3 units alcohol/d. © 1993, The Nutrition Society. All rights reserved. KW - Dietary survey KW - Food choice KW - Nutrient intake KW - Teenagers KW - polysaccharide KW - sugar KW - adolescent KW - alcohol consumption KW - article KW - beverage KW - caloric intake KW - cereal KW - cohort analysis KW - dietary intake KW - fat intake KW - female KW - food intake KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - meat KW - normal human KW - nutrient KW - priority journal KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescent Nutrition KW - Diet KW - Diet Records KW - Dietary Carbohydrates KW - Dietary Fats KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Energy Intake KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Food Habits KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Polysaccharides KW - Sex Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :56 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8399097 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.F.; School of Life Sciences, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, Kiribati N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Polysaccharides N1 - References: Barker, M.E., McLean, S.I., McKenna, P.G., Reid, N.G., Strain, J.J., Thompson, K.A., Williamson, P., Wright, M.E., (1989) Diet, Lifestyle and Health in Northern Ireland, , Coleraine: Centre for Applied Health Studies, University of Ulster; Bingham, S., The dietary assessment of individuals; methods, accuracy, new techniques and recommendations (1987) Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 57A, pp. 705-742; Bingham, S.A., Pett, S., Day, K.C., Non-starch polysaccharide intake of a representative sample of British adults (1990) Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 3, pp. 333-337; Black, A.E., Goldberg, G.R., Jebb, S.A., Livingstone, M.B.E., Cole, T.J., Prentice, A.M., Evaluating the results of published surveys (1991) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45, pp. 583-599; Borelli, R., Cole, T.J., Di Base, G., Contaldo, F., Some statistical considerations on dietary assessment methods (1989) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 43, pp. 453-463; Braddon, F.E.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Cripps, H.A., Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort (1988) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 42, pp. 341-349; Bull, N., Dietary habits of 15–25 year olds (1985) Applied Nutrition, 39A, pp. 1-68. , Suppl. I; Bull, N.L., Wheeler, E.F., A study of different dietary survey methods among 30 civil servants (1986) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 40A, pp. 60-66; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal mortality. First report of the 1958 perinatal mortality survey (1963) Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study. First Report to the Department on Education and Science on the 10 Year Follow-up, , Bristol: University Bristol; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1970) British Births, 1, pp. 1-8. , The First Week of Life. London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd; Cook, J., Altman, D.G., Moore, D.M.C., Topp, S.G., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., A survey of the nutritional status of schoolchildren (1973) British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine, 27, pp. 91-99; Crawley, H., (1988) Food Portion Sizes, , London: H.M. Stationery Office; (1989) The Diets of British Schoolchildren, , Department of Health, Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 36. London: H.M. Stationery Office; Department of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom, , Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41. London: H.M. Stationery Office; Douglas, J.W.B., The health and survival of children in different social classes: The results of a national survey (1951) Lancet, ii, pp. 440-446; Durnin, J.V.G.A., Lonergan, M.E., Good, J., Ewan, A., A cross-sectional nutritional and anthropometric study, with an interval of 7 years, on 611 young adolescent schoolchildren (1974) British Journal of Nutrition, 32, pp. 169-179; Englyst, H.N., Bingham, S.A., Runswick, S.A., Collinson, E., Cummings, J.A., Dietary fibre (non-starch polysaccharides) in fruit, vegetables and nuts (1988) Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 1, pp. 247-286; Fehily, A.M., Epidemiology for Nutritionists 4. Survey methods (1983) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 37A, pp. 419-425; Goldberg, G.R., Black, A.E., Jebb, S.E., Cole, T.J., Murgatroyd, P.R., Coward, W.A., Prentice, A.M., Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-recording (1991) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45, pp. 569-581; Greenfield, H., Chuah, L.K., Composition of Australian foods. 12. Hamburgers (1981) Food Technology Australia, 33, pp. 619-620; Greenfield, H., Wimalasiri, P., Han, L.T.N., Balmer, N., Wills, R.B.H., Chinese foods (1981) Food Technology Australia, 33, pp. 176-181; Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., Wiseman, M., (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , London: H.M. Stationery Office; Hackett, A.F., Rugg-Gunn, A.J., Appleton, D.R., (1983) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 37A, pp. 293-300; Hackett, A.F., Rugg-Gunn, A.J., Appleton, D.R., Eastoe, J.E., Jenkins, G.N., A two-year longitudinal nutritional survey of 405 Northumberland children initially aged 11.5 years (1984) British Journal of Nutrition, 51, pp. 67-74; Holland, B., Unwin, I., Buss, D.H., Cereals and Cereal Products. Third Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods (1988), London: H.M. Stationery Office; Holland, B., Unwin, I., Buss, D.H., Milk, Milk products and Eggs. Fourth Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods (1989), London: H.M. Stationery Office; Holland, B., Unwin, I., Buss, D.H., (1991) Vegetables and herbs. Fifth Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, , London: H.M. Stationery Office; Livingstone, M.B.E., Davies, P.S.W., Prentice, A.M., Coward, W.A., Black, A.E., Strain, J.J., McKenna, P.G., Comparison of simultaneous measures of energy intake and expenditure in children and adolescents (1990) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 50, p. 15A; McLaughlin, P.I., Weihrauch, J.L., Vitamin E content of foods (1979) Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 75, pp. 647-665; Marr, J.W., Individual dietary surveys: purposes and methods (1971) World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 13, pp. 105-164; (1989) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, , Food Facts no. 10. London: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; Nettleton, P.A., Nelson, M., Dietary survey methods. 2. A comparison of nutrient intakes within families using household measures and the semi-weighed method of measuring food intake (1980) Journal of Human Nutrition, 34, pp. 349-354; (1988) Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, , Regional Trends 1986. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds. A report on the Child Health and Education Study (1984), London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Paul, A.A., Southgate, D.A.T., McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods (1978), London: H.M. Stationery Office; Pixley, F., Mann, J., (1988) Dietary factors in the aetiology of gall stones: A case control study, 29, pp. 1511-1515; (1987) Royal College of Physicians, , A Great and Growing Evil: The Medical Consequences of Alcohol Abuse. London and New York: Tavistock; Rugg-Gunn, A.J., Hackett, A.F., Appleton, D.R., Moynihan, P.J., The dietary intake of added and natural sugars in 405 English adolescents (1986) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 40A, pp. 115-124; Schofield, W.N., Schofield, C., James, W.P.T., Basal metabolic rate (1985) Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition, 1, pp. 1-96. , 39C, Suppl; Siveil, L.M., Bull, N.L., Buss, D.H., Wiggins, R.A., Scuffam, D., Jackson, P.A., Vitamin A activity in foods of animal origin (1984) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 35, pp. 931-939; Southgate, D.A.T., Paul, A.A., Dean, A.C., Christie, A.A., Free sugars in foods (1978) Journal of Human Nutrition, 32, pp. 335-347; (1990) SPSS Inc, , SPSS-X Users’ guide, 4th ed., Chicago: SPSS Inc; Stockley, L., Changes in habitual food intake during weighed inventory surveys and duplication diet collections. A short review (1985) Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 17, pp. 263-269; Tan, S.P., Wenlock, R.W., Buss, D.H., (1985) Immigrant Foods. Second Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, , London: H.M. Stationery Office; Thorn, J., Robertson, J., Buss, D.H., Bunton, N.G., Selenium in British foods (1978) British Journal of Nutrition, 39, p. 391; Townsend, J., Wilkes, H., Haines, A., Jarvis, M., Adolescent smokers seen in general practice: health, lifestyle, physical measurements, and response to anti-smoking advice (1991) British Medical Journal, 303, pp. 947-950; Wenlock, R.W., Buss, D.H., Moxon, R.E., Bunton, N.G., (1982) British Journal of Nutrition, 47, p. 381; Wiles, S.J., Nettleton, P.A., Black, A.E., Paul, A.A., The nutrient composition of some cooked dishes eaten in Britain: a supplementary food composition table (1980) Journal of Human Nutrition, 34, pp. 189-223; Wills, R.B.H., Greenfield, H., Composition of Australian foods. 17. Snack foods (1982) Food Technology Australia, 34, pp. 452-455 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027228419&doi=10.1079%2fBJN19930101&partnerID=40&md5=260afd0b2d253aa496a17126e1dc12d3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Paternal preconceptional radiation exposure in the nuclear industry and leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in young people in Scotland T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - BR. MED. J. VL - 306 IS - 6886 SP - 1153 EP - 1158 PY - 1993 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Kinlen, L.J. AU - Clarke, K. AU - Balkwill, A. AD - Cancer Res. Campaign Epidemiol. Unit, Dept. Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom AB - Objective. To determine if a relation exists between paternal exposure to relatively high levels of radiation in the Scottish nuclear industry and the risk of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in subsequently conceived children. Design. Matched case-control study with three controls for each case. Setting. The whole of Scotland. Subjects. The fathers of 1024 children with leukaemia and 237 children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed in Scotland below the age of 25 among those born in Scotland since nuclear operations began (in 1958) and the fathers of 3783 randomly chosen controls. The fathers of 80 children with leukaemia and 16 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in north Cumbria were also covered since some workers at one Scottish nuclear site live over the border in that area. Details of all fathers were then matched against records of the nuclear industry. Main outcome measures. Paternal preconceptional radiation exposures, particularly relatively high levels, both lifetime and in the six and three months before conception. Results. No significant excess was observed in any subgroup and there was no significant trend: fathers of three controls but no cases were exposed to lifetime preconceptional levels of 100 mSv or greater (Fisher's exact p value 0.84). In the six months before conception, fathers of two cases and three controls received 10 mSv or more, odds ratio 2.3 (95% confidence interval 0.31 to 17.24). In the three months before conception the fathers of one case and two controls received 5 mSv or more, odds ratio 1.7 (0.10 to 30.76). The results for leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma combined were similar. Conclusion. No significant excess of leukaemia or of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found at any radiation level in any preconceptional period. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - childhood leukemia KW - controlled study KW - father KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - nonhodgkin lymphoma KW - nuclear industry KW - occupational exposure KW - priority journal KW - radiation exposure KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Fathers KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Leukemia KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin KW - Male KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced KW - Nuclear Reactors KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Preconception Care KW - Random Allocation KW - Risk Factors KW - Scotland N1 - Cited By :74 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 8499814 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kinlen, L.J.; Cancer Res. Campaign Epidemiol. Unit, Dept. Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027483429&partnerID=40&md5=552cf1afee9f79b2aa24885cfacb8042 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are American Children's Problems Getting Worse? A 13-Year Comparison T2 - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry J2 - J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 1145 EP - 1154 PY - 1993 DO - 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00006 SN - 08908567 (ISSN) AU - ACHENBACH, T.M. AU - HOWELL, C.T. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, United States AB - To determine whether the prevalence of children's behavioral/emotional problems changed significantly over a 13-year period. Problems and competencies reported by parents and teachers for a random sample of 7 to 16 year olds assessed in 1989 were compared with those reported by parents for a 1976 sample and by teachers for a 1981 to 1982 sample. Parent reports were obtained with the Child Behavior Checklist; teacher reports were obtained with the Teacher's Report Form. Problem scores were higher and competence scores were lower in 1989 than in the earlier assessments. The secular changes were small but included diverse problems, syndromes, and competencies. Changes did not differ significantly by age, gender, socioeconomic status, nor black/white ethnicity. Correlations of 0.97 to 0.99 between rankings of item scores across 7.5− and 13-year intervals support the stability of the assessment procedures. Despite increases in problem scores, the 1989 U.S. scores were not higher than those in several other cultures. Viewed categorically in terms of caseness, more untreated children in the 1989 than the 1976 sample would be considered to need help. Multicohort longitudinal studies now in progress will test predictors of within- and between-cohort change. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1993,32,6:1145–1154. © 1993, The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. All rights reserved. KW - Child Behavior Checklist KW - epidemiology KW - secular changes KW - Teacher's Report Form KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - affective neurosis KW - age KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - ethnic difference KW - female KW - human KW - job performance KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - parent KW - patient referral KW - prevalence KW - school child KW - sex difference KW - socioeconomics KW - sport KW - teacher KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Adolescent Psychiatry KW - Child KW - Child Behavior KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Mental Health Services KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Questionnaires KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - United States N1 - Cited By :140 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 8282658 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: ACHENBACH, T.M.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05401, United States N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., (1991) Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR, and TRF Profiles, , University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT; Achenbach, T.M., (1991) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 Profile, , University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT; Achenbach, T.M., (1991) Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and 1991 Profile, , University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT; Achenbach, T.M., (1991) Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 Profile, , University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT; Achenbach, T.M., Bird, H.R., Canino, G.J., Phares, V., Gould, M., Rubio-Stipec, M., Epidemiological comparisons of Puerto Rican and U. S. mainland children: parent, teacher, and self reports (1990) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 29, pp. 84-93; Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C., Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four to sixteen (1981) Monogr. Soc. Res. Child Dev., 46 (188 Serial); Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C., (1986) Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and Teacher Version of the Child Behavior Profile, , University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT; Achenbach, T.M., Hensley, V.R., Phares, V., Grayson, D., Problems and competencies reported by parents of Australian and American children (1990) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 31, pp. 265-286; Achenbach, T.M., Howell, C.T., Quay, H.C., Conners, C.K., National survey of problems and competencies among 4-to 16-year-olds: parents' reports for normative and clinical samples (1991) Monogr. Soc. Res. Child Dev., 56 (225 Serial); Achenbach, T.M., Verhulst, F.C., Baron, G.D., Akkerhuis, G.W., Epidemiological comparisons of American and Dutch children: I. Behavioral/emotional problems and competencies reported by parents for ages 4 to 16 (1987) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 26, pp. 326-332; Achenbach, T.M., Verhulst, F.C., Edelbrock, C., Baron, G.D., Akkerhuis, G.W., Epidemiological comparisons of American and Dutch children: II. Behavioral/emotional problems reported by teachers for ages 6 to 11 (1987) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 26, pp. 326-332; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Howlett, B., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5 Year Olds, , Pergamon, Oxford; Cohen, J., (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, , 2nd edition, Academic Press, New York; Cross-National Collaborative Group, The changing rate of major depression: cross-national comparisons (1992) J.A.M.A., 268, pp. 3098-3105; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , Macmillan, Basingstoke; Hollingshead, A.B., (1957) Two-Factor Index of Social Position, , Yale University Department of Sociology, New Haven, CT; Hollingshead, A.B., (1975) Four-Factor Index of Social Status, , Yale University Department of Sociology, New Haven, CT; Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., (1992) Smoking, Drinking, and Illicit Drug Use Among American Secondary School Students, College Students and Young Adults, 1975–1991, , National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD; Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., Fischer, S.A., Age-cohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental disorders (1993) J. Abnorm. Psychol., 102, pp. 110-120; Males, M., Teen suicide and changing cause-of-death certification, 1953–1987 (1991) Suicide Life Threat. Behav., 21, pp. 245-259; Rahim, S.I.A., Cederbald, M., Effects of rapid urbanization on child behaviour and health in a part of Khartoum, Sudan (1984) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 25, pp. 629-641; Rosenberg, M.L., Smith, J.C., Davidson, L.E., Conn, J.M., The emergence of youth suicide: an epidemiologic analysis and public health perspective (1987) Ann. J. Rev. Public Health, 8, pp. 417-440; Ryan, N.D., Williamson, D.E., Iyengar, S., A secular increase in child and adolescent onset affective disorder (1992) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 31, pp. 600-605; Sakoda, J.M., Cohen, B.H., Beall, G., Test of significance for a series of statistical tests (1954) Psychol. Bull., 51, pp. 172-175; Stanger, C., Fombonne, E. & Achenbach, T. M. (in press). Epidemiological comparisons of American and French children: parent reports of problems and competencies for ages 6–11. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Stanger, C., McConaughy, S.H., Achenbach, T.M., Threeyear course of behavioral/emotional problems in a national sample of 4- to 16-year-olds: II. Predictors of syndromes (1992) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 31, pp. 941-950; Verhulst, F.C., van der Ende, J., Six-year developmental course of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors (1992) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 31, pp. 924-931; Weisz, J.R., Suwanlert, S., Chaiyasit, W., Weiss, B., Achenbach, T.M., Trevathan, D., Epidemiology of behavioral and emotional problems among Thai and American children: teacher reports for ages 6–11 (1989) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 30, pp. 471-484; Weisz, J.R., Suwanlert, S., Chaiyasit, W., Weiss, B., Achenbach, T.M., Walter, B.R., Epidemiology of behavioral and emotional problems among Thai and American children: parent reports for ages 6–11 (1987) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry., 26, pp. 890-897 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027373462&doi=10.1097%2f00004583-199311000-00006&partnerID=40&md5=02ef413eae6ce7bc03b04fa06bd9b327 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Skull base chordomas: A review of 38 patients, 1958-88 T2 - British Journal of Neurosurgery J2 - Br. J. Neurosurg. VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 241 EP - 248 PY - 1993 DO - 10.3109/02688699309023805 SN - 02688697 (ISSN) AU - Atkins, L.W. AU - Khudados, E.S. AU - Kaleoglu, M. AU - Revesz, T. AU - Sacares, P. AU - Crockard, H.A. AD - Departments of Surgical Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom AD - Departments of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom AD - Departments of Computing and Statistics, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom AB - The presentation and results of treatment are reviewed for 38 patients with skull base chordoma treated at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery between 1958 and 1988. With few exceptions, previous studies have combined results for clival and sacral chordomas, or for chordomas and other similar tumours such as chondrosarcoma, and thus it is difficult to be specific about effects of therapy. This study included histological review using immunohistochemistry to confirm diagnosis. Analysis of the survival data for our patients suggests that there are two subgroups with distinct survival patterns: one group with high mortality within the first 5 years, and a second group with an indolent disease process and near normal life expectancy. The age of the patients at presentation ranged from 7 to 78 years, with a mean of 44.3 years. Male: female distribution was 6:5. The commonest presentation was with cranial nerve palsy (94% or with headache (60% The most frequently involved cranial nerve was the Vlth (60% followed by the IXth and Xth (40% each). Comparing our results with those of 50 years ago, there was little improvement in the outlook for these patients, despite improvements in surgical approaches and the use of radiotherapy. The promising results in skull base tumours using proton therapy must be treated with caution until definite criteria for diagnosis and outcome have been established. There is a case for a multicentre prospective study of this disease. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Chordoma KW - Clivus KW - Transoral surgery KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer mortality KW - cancer radiotherapy KW - cancer surgery KW - cancer survival KW - child KW - chordoma KW - clinical article KW - cranial nerve paralysis KW - disease course KW - female KW - headache KW - histopathology KW - human KW - human tissue KW - immunohistochemistry KW - life expectancy KW - male KW - neuropathology KW - school child KW - skull base tumor KW - skull surgery KW - tumor diagnosis KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Chordoma KW - Craniotomy KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Pituitary Neoplasms KW - Skull KW - Skull Neoplasms KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Survival Rate KW - Tumor Markers, Biological PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :81 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJNEE C2 - 8338644 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Crockard, H.A.; Department of Surgical Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Tumor Markers, Biological N1 - References: Virchow, R., (1857) Untersuchungen uber die Entwickelung des Schadelgrundes, , George Reimer,Berlin; Muller, H., Ueber das Vorkommen von Resten der Chorda dorsalis bei Menschen nach der Geburt und uber ihr Verhaltnis zu den Gallertgeschwulsten am Clivus (1858) Ztschr Rat Med, 2, p. 202; Klebs, E., Ein Fall von Ecchondrosis spheno-occipitalis amylacea (1864) Virchows Arch Path Anat, 31, p. 396; Ribbert, H., Ueber die Ecchondrosis physalifora spheno-occipitalis (1894) Centralbl Allg Path Path Anat, 5, p. 457; Ribbert, H., Ueber die experimentelle Erzeugung einer Ecchondrosis physalifora (1895) Verhandl Kong Inn Med, 13, p. 455; Hass, G.M., Chordoma of the cranium and cervical portion of the spine. Review of the literature with report of a case (1934) Arch Neur Psych, 32 (2), pp. 300-327; Dahlin, D.C., (1973) Bone tumours: general aspects and data on 6221 cases, 3rd edn, , Charles C. Thomas,Springfield, Illinois; Murali, R., Rovit, R.L., Benjemin, M.V., Chordoma of the cervical spine (1981) Neurosurgery, 9, pp. 253-256; Arnold, H., Herman, H.D., Skull base chordoma with cavernous sinus involvement. Partial or radical removal? (1986) Acta Neurochir (Wein), 83, pp. 31-37; Handa, J., Suzuki, F., Nioka, H., Clivus chordoma in childhood (1987) Surg Neurol, 28, pp. 58-62; O'Neill, P., Bell, B.A., Miller, J.D., Fifty years of experience with chordoma in South East Scotland (1985) Neuresurgery, 16, pp. 166-170; Harwick, R.D., Miller, A.S., Craniocervical chordomas (1979) Am J Surg, 138, pp. 512-516; Abenoza, P., Sibley, R.K., Rosai, J., Immunocytochemistry in the differential diagnosis of chordoma and chondrosarcoma (1985) Lab Invest, 52, p. 1A; Brooks, J.J., LiVolsi, V.A., Trojanowski, J.Q., Does chon-droid chordoma exist? (1987) Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 72, pp. 229-235; Meis, J.M., Giraldo, A.A., Chordoma. An immunohisto-chemical study of 20 cases (1988) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 112, pp. 553-556; Abenoza, P., Sibley, R.K., Chordoma: an immunohistolo-gic study (1986) Hum Pathol, 17, pp. 744-747; Nakamura, Y., Becker, L.E., Marks, A., S100 protein in human chordoma and rabbit notochord (1983) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 107, pp. 118-120; Munzenrider, J.E., Liebsch, N.J., DuBois, W., High dose fractionated combined proton and photon radiation therapy of chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas of the skull base and cervical spine (1991) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 21 (1), p. 97. , suppl; Alderson, M., (1976) An introduction to epidemiology, , MacMillan,London; Salisbury, J.R., Isaacson, P.G., Demonstration of cytokera-tins and an epithelial membrane antigen in chordomas and human fetal notochord (1985) Am J Surg Pathol, 9, pp. 791-797; Miettinen, M., Lehto, E.P., Dahl, D., Virtanen, I., Differential diagnosis of chordoma, chondroid and ependymal tumors as aided by anti-intermediate filament antibodies (1983) Am J Pathol, 112, pp. 160-169; Miettinen, M., Chordoma. Antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in differential diagnosis (1984) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 108, pp. 891-892; Burger, P.C., Makek, M., Kleihues, P., Tissue polypeptide antigen staining of the chordoma and notochordal remnants (1986) Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 70, pp. 269-272; Heffelfinger, M.J., Dahlin, D.C., MacCarty, C.S., Beabout, J.W., Chordomas and cartilagenous tumours at the skull base (1973) Cancer, 32, pp. 410-420; Bottles, K., Beckstead, J.H., Enzyme histochemical characterization of chordomas (1984) Am J Surg Pathol, 8, pp. 443-447; Berson, A.M., Castro, J.R., Petti, P., Charged particle irradiation of chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the base of skull or cervical spine: the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory experience (1988) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 15 (3), pp. 559-565; Austin-Seymour, M., Munzenrider, J., Goitein, M., Fractionated proton radiation therapy of chordoma and low grade chondrosarcoma of the base of the skull (1989) J Neurosurg, 70, pp. 13-17; Eriksson, B., Gunterberg, B., Kindblom, L.G., Chordoma: a clinicopathological and prognostic study of a Swedish National series (1981) Acta Orthop Scand, 52, pp. 49-58; Higinbotham, H.L., Phillips, R.F., Farr, H.W., Chordoma: 35 years experience at the Memorial Hospital (1967) Cancer, 20, pp. 1841-1850; Dahlin, D.C., MacCarty, C.S., Chordoma: a study of fifty-nine cases (1952) Cancer, 5, pp. 1170-1178; Fuller, D.B., Bloom, J.G., Radiotherapy for chordoma (1988) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 15 (2), pp. 331-339; Pearlman, A.W., Friedman, M., Radical radiation therapy of chordoma (1970) Am J. Roentgenol, 108, pp. 333-341; James, D.R., Crockard, H.A., Surgical access to the base of the skull and upper cervical cord by an extended maxillotomy (1991) Neurosurgery, 29, pp. 411-416; Suit, H.D., Goitein, M., Munzenrider, J., Increased efficacy of radiation therapy by use of proton beam (1990) Strahlenther Onkol, 166 (1), pp. 40-44; Austin-Seymour, M., Urie, M., Munzenrider, J., Considerations in fractionated proton radiation therapy: clinical potential and results (1990) Radiother Oncol, 17 (1), pp. 29-35; Austin-Seymour, M., Munzenrider, J., Linggood, R., Fractionated proton radiation therapy of cranial and intracranial tumors (1990) Am J Clin Oncol, 13 (4), pp. 327-330; Munzenrider, J.E., Liebsch, N.J., DuBois, W., High dose fractionated combined proton and photon radiation therapy of chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas of the skull base and cervical spine (1991) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 21 (1). , suppl 166abstract 97; Uttley, D., Moore, A., Archer, D.J., Surgical management of midline skull-base tumours: a new approach (1989) J. Neurosurg, 71 (5), pp. 705-710; Crockard, H.A., Sen, C.N., The transoral approach for the management of intradural lesions at the cranioverte-bral junction: review of 7 cases (1991) Neurosurgery, 28, pp. 88-98 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027230137&doi=10.3109%2f02688699309023805&partnerID=40&md5=b2c94b6237d70581d2c404bd984aa15e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reference values for increase in height and weight, and growth rates for Belgian boys and girls aged 3-18 years ST - NORMES DE CROISSANCE STATURALE ET PONDERALE ET DE VITESSE DE CROISSANCE STATURALE DE GARCONS ET DE FILLES BELGES DE 3 A 18 ANS T2 - Archives Francaises de Pediatrie J2 - ARCH. FR. PEDIATR. VL - 50 IS - 9 SP - 763 EP - 769 PY - 1993 SN - 00039764 (ISSN) AU - Hauspie, R.C. AU - Wachholder, A. AU - Vercauteren, M. AD - Laboratorium Antropogenetica, Vrije Universiteit, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium AB - Background: Belgian growth standards have until now been based on cross-sectional studies. This paper describes the first Belgian longitudinal growth standards for height and height velocity and recent cross-sectional standards of weight-for-age. Population and methods: The study was conducted between 1955 and 1975, initially on 259 Belgian boys and girls born in Brussels between 1955 and 1958. Only 48 boys and 50 girls were still being checked for height and weight at the end of the study. The distance charts show the classical centile lines; the height standards are provided with growth curves for the typical early average and late-maturing child in the population. The velocity charts show centiles for whole-year increments in height. Individual-type velocity curves are also provided. Results: Comparison between these standards and those for British children shows that the Belgian children (essentially the girls) are taller than the British, probably due to more rapid maturation. KW - adolescence KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child KW - growth KW - adolescent KW - article KW - belgium KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child KW - growth KW - growth rate KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - nomogram KW - normal human KW - Adolescent KW - Aging KW - Belgium KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - English Abstract KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Reference Values N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AFPEA C2 - 8060205 LA - French N1 - Correspondence Address: Hauspie, R.C.; Laboratorium Antropogenetica, Vrije Universiteit, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027139789&partnerID=40&md5=1392d3750cec842a401451da201d8fd2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Child and adolescent psychiatry in Sweden - from yesterday until today T2 - Nordic Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Nord. J. Psychiatry VL - 47 IS - 6 SP - 395 EP - 404 PY - 1993 DO - 10.3109/08039489309104108 SN - 08039488 (ISSN) AU - Rydelius, P.-A. AD - Department of Woman and Child Health, Division for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, St Göran's Children's Hospital, S-112 81, Stockholm, Sweden AB - In Sweden, child and adolescent psychiatry developed from various fields of science, including pediatrics, pedagogics, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and social welfare. The history is almost 100 years old, and there is a strong relationship to pediatrics. In 1951, it became a medical discipline of its own, and was, in 1956, an independent section within the Swedish Society of Medicine. In 1958 the first university chair in this field was located at the Karolinska Institute; today there are four chairs and increasing research. So far, 33 doctoral theses have been defended, some of which have international standing. By inheritance' from pediatrics, there has been a special interest in developing longitudinal prospective methods, using multidisciplinary cooperation and observation periods covering 10, 20, or 30 years. In May 1993, the Berzelius Symposium XXVI on "Mental and psychosocial adaptation in children - a longitudinal and prospective apporach" was arranged by the Swedish Society of Medicine to further support childpsychiatric research. Today, there are soon 350 specialists in the discipline, and a clinical organization with in- and out-patient departments in all the county councils throughout Sweden. Since the 1950 s every medical student has to take a special course (integrated in the course on pediatrics) and an examination in child and adolescent psychiatry. The general service program introduced in Sweden in 1972 includes internships in medicine for 6 months, surgery for 6 months, general practice for 6 months, and general psychiatry or child and adolescent psychiatry for 3 months. The training to become a specialist in child and adolescent psychiatry then follows a 5-year program including residency in psychiatry and pediatrics and a training in "basic" psychotherapy. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Child and adolescent psychiatry KW - Clinical organization KW - Education KW - History KW - Research PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NJPYE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rydelius, P.-A.; Department of Woman and Child Health, Division for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, St Göran's Children's Hospital, S-112 81, Stockholm, Sweden N1 - References: Qvarsell, R., From bad children to psychopathy. The debate about child psychiatry in Sweden in the beginning of the 20th century (1985) Lychnos. Lärdomshistoriska Samfundets årsbok, pp. 167-188. , Almqvist & Wiksell International Stockholm(in Swedish); Jundell, I., (1915) Broken minds, , Barnens Dagblad Stockholm(In Swedish); Key, E., (1909) The century of the child, , G.P. Putnams Sons London; Aichorn, A., (1925) Verwahrloste Jugend, p. 1951. , Verlag Hans Huber Bern; Neill, A.S., (1925) The problem child, , Jenkins London; Fried, I., (1992) The Mellansjö School- and Treatment-home [master's thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, , Gotab Stockholm (In Swedish) G; (1957) Stockholm. SOU, p. 40; Hagnell, O., Essen-Möller, E., Lanke, J., Öjesjö, L., Rorsman, B., (1990) The incidence of mental illness over a quarter of a century, , Almqvist & Wiksell International Stockholm; Ahnsjö, S., Delinquency in girls and its prognosis [thesis]. Uppsala Universitet (1941) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. suppl 3; Otterström, E., Delinquency and children from bad homes [thesis]. Uppsala Universitet (1946) Acta Paediatr Scan, p. suppl 5; Gunnarson, S., Some types of nervous disorders in children and their prognosis (1946) Acta Paediatr, p. Suppl 4; Ramer, T., (1946) The prognosis of mentally retarded children [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, , AB Bennel & Co Boktryckeri Stockholm; Nycander, G., (1950) Personlighetsutveckling på avvägar (från Ericastiftelsens läkepedagogiska institut) [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, , Tidens Förlag Stockholm(in Swedish); Hallgren, B., Specific dyslexia. A clinical and genetic study [thesis], Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1950) Acta Psychiatr Neurol, p. 5. , suppl; Annell, A.-L., (1953) Pertussis in infancy as a cause of behaviour disorders in children [thesis]. Uppsala Universitet, , Almqvist & Wiksell Boktryckeri AB Uppsala; Nylander, I., Physical symptoms and psychogenic etiology. An investigation of consultation material (1959) Acta Paediatr Scand, pp. 11769-11777; Muller, R., Nylander, I., Larsson, L.-E., Widen, L., Frankenhaeuser, M., Sequelae of primary aseptic meningo-encephalitis. A clinical, sociomedical, electroencephalographic and psychological study (1958) Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand, p. 26. , suppl; Scholander, T., (1961) Studies in the habituation of autonomic response elements [thesis], , Uppsala Universitet. Acta Univ UpsalNo. 1; Frisk, M., (1968) Tonårsproblem. En studie av läroverks-ungdom [thesis]. Helsingfors Universitet, Finland, , Samfundet Folkhälsan Helsinki; Nylander, I., A 20-year prospective follow-up study of 2164 cases at the child guidance clinics in Stockholm (1979) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 76. , suppl; De Chaâteau, P., Mortality and aggressiveness in a 30-year follow-up study in child guidance clinics in Stockholm (1990) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 81, pp. 472-476; Klackenberg, G., (1971) A prospective longitudinal study of children [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Göteborgs Universitet, , Lindeparkens Boktryckeri Stockholm; (1993) Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri under 90-talet, , Kristianstads Boktryckeri AB Kristianstad; Nylander, I., Children of alcoholic fathers, [thesis], Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1960) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 21. , suppl; Börjesson, M., Overweight children [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1962) Acta Paediatr Scand, 51, p. 32. , suppl; Bellman, M., Studies on encopresis [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1966) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 70. , suppl; Jonsson, G., Delinquent boys, their parents and grandparents [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1967) Acta Psychiatrica Scand, p. 95. , suppl; Cederblad, M., A child psychiatry study on Sudanese arab children [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1968) Acta Psych Scand, p. 00. , suppl; Elthammar, O., (1967) Emotional reactions among boys and girls 11 to 18 years old in the presence of movies, [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, , Almqvist & Wiksell Stockholm(In Swedish); Bohman, M., (1970) Adopted children and their families [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, , Proprius Stockholm; Rune, V., Acute head injuries in children [thesis]. Umeå Universitet (1970) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 09. , suppl; Otto, U., (1971) Suicidal attempts among children and adolescents. A child and adolescent psychiatric study [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, , Kristianstad Boktryckeri AB Kristianstad(In Swedish); Herulf, B., (1972) Juvenile drug addicts in Stockholm [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, , Svenska föreningen för psykisk hälsovård. Stockholm(In Swedish); Jonsell, R., (1974) Clientel at the pediatric out patient clinic. A study with particular reference to mental and social ground factors [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Umeå Universitet, , Centraltryckeriet Umeå(In Swedish); Curman, H., Nylander, I., A 10-year prospective follow-up study of 2268 cases at the child guidance climes in Stockholm [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1976) Acta Psychiatr Scand, p. 60. , suppl; Rydelius, P.-A., Children of alcoholic fathers. Their social adjustment and their health status over 20 years [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1981) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 86. , suppl; Lie, N., Young law-breakers. A prospective-longitudinal study [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1981) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 88. , suppl; Adler, H., (1981) Children with problems in physical education in school [thesis], , Uppsala Universitet. Acta Univ UpsalComprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine No. 409; Gillberg, C., (1981) Neuropsychiatric aspects of perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in seven-year-old Swedish children [thesis], , Uppsala Universitet. Acta Univ UpsalComprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine No. 408; Sigvardsson, S., (1982) Alcohol abuse and criminality. A cross-fostering study of gene-environment interaction [thesis], , Univ Diss New series No. 84 Umeå Universitet Umeå; Schleimer, K., Dieting in teenage schoolgirls. A longitudinal prospective study (a study of anorexia nervosa) [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (1983) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 12. , suppl; V Knorring, A.-L., (1983) Adoption studies on psychiatric illness. Epidemiological environmental and genetic aspects [thesis], , Umeå Universitet UmeåUniversity Dissertations New Series No. 101; Svedin, C.-G., (1984) Skoldaghcmselever på lågstadiet och deras familjer. En deskriptiv och jämförande studie [thesis], , Linköpings UniversitetLinköping Medical Dissertations No. 181 (in Swedish); Janols, L.-O., (1984) Unga missbrukare av tung narkotika. Deras sociala bakgrund, hälsa och anpassning i jämförelse med barnpsykiatriska patienter och normala ungdomar [thesis]. Uppsala Universitet, , Institutionen för barn- och ungdomspsykiatri Uppsala(in Swedish); Karlén, K.-H., (1985) Barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin i Sverige. Dess historia, problem och patienter [thesis], , Uppsala Universitet UppsalaInst för barn- och ungdomspsykiatri (in Swedish); Gustafsson, P., (1987) Family interaction and family therapy in childhood psychosomatic disease: a family systems approach to illness [thesis], , Linköpings UniversitetLinköping Medical Dissertations No. 250; Gillberg, C., (1987) Deficits in attention, motor control and perception. Follow-up from pre-school to the early teens [thesis], , Uppsala and Göteborgs Universitet. Acta Univers UpsalComprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine No. 113; Fyrö, K., (1988) Psychological reactions to medical interventions in a sensitive period of life [thesis], , Karolinska Institutet Stockholm; Larsson, B., (1988) Recurrent headache in adolescents. A study of background factors and effects of psychological treatment [thesis], , Uppsala Universitet. Acta Univers UpsalComprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine No. 135; Lindblad, F., (1989) Child sexual abuse characteristics and a method for evaluation of allegations [thesis], , Karolinska Institutet Stockholm(in Swedish); Hansson, K., (1989) Familjediagnostik [thesis], , Inst. för barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, Lunds Universitet Lund; Råstam, M., (1990) Anorexia in Swedish urban teenagers [thesis], , Department of Pediatrics and Child Psychiatry, Göteborgs Universitet Göteborg; Steffenburg, S., (1990) Neurobiological correlates of autism [thesis]. Göteborgs Universitet, , Goterna Kungälv; Svedhem, L., (1991) Social network and behavior problems in school among 11 to 13 year old boys and girls. A theoretical and an empirical study in the view of network therapy [thesis]. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, , Carlssons bokförlag Stockholm(in Swedish); Engström, I., (1991) Psychiatric and social aspects of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents [thesis], , Uppsala Universitet. Acta Univers UpsalVComprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine No. 299; Stjernquist, K., (1992) Extremely low birth weight infants-development, behaviour and impact on the family [thesis]. Lunds Universitet, , Wallin & Dalholm Boktryckeri AB Lund UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33746008018&doi=10.3109%2f08039489309104108&partnerID=40&md5=e47fa0bdaeec6eae9ea8211f3b815222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Explaining social class differences in psychological health among young adults: a longitudinal perspective T2 - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology J2 - Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 284 EP - 291 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1007/BF00788900 SN - 09337954 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Manor, O. AD - Wolfson Child Health Monitoring Unit, Division of Public Health, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom AD - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel AB - The relationship between psychological health and occupational class was investigated in the large British sample of 23-year-old subjects from the 1958 birth cohort study. Odds of poor psychological health [indicated by (1) the Malaise Inventory and (2) seeking help for a psychological problem between ages 16 and 23] were significantly greater in classes IV and V than in classes I and II: odds ratios were (1) 3.90 and 5.84, (2) 2.32 and 2.33 for men and women, respectively. Explanations for these differences were examined using longitudinal data representing 'inheritance' at birth, socio-economic background, educational achievement, earlier health and behaviour. The analyses suggested that each of these contributes to class differences in psychological health. Behaviour at age 16 (identified from the Rutter Behaviour Scale) was particularly notable for both psychological measures, as were educational achievement (for Malaise) and unemployment (for psychological morbidity needing specialist help). Mechanisms by which such factors might operate are discussed. Having accounted for earlier circumstances, class differences were no longer significant, except for Malaise in women. In this case an odds ratio of more than twofold remained after adjusting for earlier circumstances. © 1992 Springer-Verlag. KW - academic achievement KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - behavior KW - child KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mental disease KW - mental health KW - occupation KW - preschool child KW - school child KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - unemployment KW - united kingdom KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors PB - Springer-Verlag N1 - Cited By :56 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SPPEE C2 - 1492248 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Wolfson Child Health Monitoring Unit, Division of Public Health, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Banks, M.H., Jackson, P.R., Unemployment and risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence (1982) Psychol Med, 12, pp. 789-798; Bartley, M., Unemployment and health: selection or causation —a false antithesis? (1988) Sociology of Health and Illness, 10, pp. 41-67; Bebbington, P., Hurry, J., Tennant, C., Sturt, E., Wing, J.K., Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell (1981) Psychol Med, 11, pp. 561-579; Berkman, L., Breslow, L., Health and ways of living (1983) The Alameda County Study, , Oxford University Press, New York; Birtchnell, J., Evans, C., Kennard, J., Life history factors associated with neurotic symptomatology in a rural community sample of 40–49 year old women (1988) J Affect Disord, 14, pp. 271-285; Blane, D., Power, C., Bartley, M., The measurement of morbidity in relation to social class (1993) Medical sociology: research on chronic illness, , T., Abel, S., Geyer, U., Gerhardt, W., van den Heuvel, J., Siergist, Informationszentrum Sozialwissenschaften, Bonn; Blaxter, M., (1990) Health and lifestyles, , Routledge, London; BMDP (1985) Statistical Software, University of California Press; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1978) Social origins of depression; A study of psychiatric disorder in women, , Tavistock, London; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., Bifulco, A., Long-term effects of early loss of parent (1986) Depression in young people: Developmental and clinical perspectives, pp. 251-296. , M.L., Rutter, C.E., Lizard, P.B., Read, Guildford, New York; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal mortality, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Davie R, Butler NR, Goldstein H (1972) From birth to seven. Longman, London, in association with the National Children's Bureau; Dohrenwend, B.P., Socioconomic status (SES) and psychiatric disorders: Are the issues still compelling? (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 25, pp. 41-47; Elliot, J., Huppert, F.A., In sickness and in health: associations between physical and mental well-being, employment and parental status in a British nationwide sample of married women (1991) Psychol Med, 21, pp. 515-524; (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , K., Fogelman, Macmillan, London; Goldberg, D., Huxley, P., (1980) Mental illness in the community, , Tavistock, London; Gove, W.R., The relationship between sex roles, marital status and mental illness (1972) Social Forces, 51, p. 34; Gove, W.R., Tudor, J., Adult sex roles and mental illness (1973) Am J Sociol, 78, p. 812; Hirst, M., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory: an item analysis (1983) Soc Psychiatry, 18, pp. 181-184; Hirst, M., Bradshaw, J.R., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory: a comparison of measures of stress (1983) J Psychosom Res, 27, pp. 193-199; Illsley, R., Social class selection and class differences in relation to stillbirths and infant deaths (1955) BMJ, 2, pp. 1520-1524; Illsley, R., Occupational class, selection and inequalities in health (1986) Q J Soc Affairs, 2, pp. 151-165; Jackson, P.R., Warr, P., Mental health of unemployed men in different parts of England and Wales (1987) BMJ, 295, p. 525; Klein-Hesselink, D.J., Spruit, I.P., The contribution of unemployment to socio-economic health differences (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 329-337; Madge, N., Marmot, M., Psychosocial factors and health (1987) Q J Soc Affairs, 3, pp. 81-134; (1980) Classification of Occupations 1980, , OPCS, HMSO, London; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The social life of Britain's 5-year olds, , Routledge and Kegan Paul, London; Pless, I.B., Nolan, T., Revision, replication and neglect-research on maladjustment in chronic illness (1991) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 32, pp. 347-365; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and class: the early years, , Chapman and Hall, London; Robins, L.N., Follow-up studies (1979) Psychopathological disorders of childhood, pp. 483-513. , H.C., Quay, J.S., Werry, Wiley, New York; Robins, L.N., The consequences of conduct disorders in girls (1986) Development of antisocial and prosocial behaviour: research theories and issues, pp. 385-414. , D., Olweus, J., Block, M., Radke-Yarrow, Academic Press, Orlando; Rodgers, B., Adult affective disorder and early environment (1990) Br J Psychiatry, 157, pp. 539-550; Rodgers, B., Behaviour and personality in childhood as predictors of adult psychiatric disorder (1990) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 31, pp. 393-414; Rodgers, B., Socio-economic status, employment and neurosis (1991) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 26, pp. 104-114; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.A., The reliability and validity of PSE assessment by lay interviewers: a national population survey (1986) Psychol Med, 16, pp. 689-700; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Rutter, M.L., Relationships between child and adult psychiatric disorders (1972) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 48, pp. 3-21; Rutter, M.L., Garmezy, N., Developmental psychopathology (1983) Socialisation, personality and social development, pp. 775-911. , E.M., Hetherington, Handbook of child psychology, vol 4, Wiley, New York; Rutter, M., Madge, N., (1976) Cycles of disadvantage: a review of research, , Heinemann, London; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , Longman, London; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Yule, W., Graham, P., Isle of Wight studies: 1964–1974 (1976) Psychol Med, 6, pp. 313-332; Smith, R., (1987) Unemployment and health, , Oxford University Press, London; Sports Council (1984) Exercise, health and medicine. Proceedings of Symposium; Surtees, P.G., Dean, C., Ingham, J.G., Kreitman, N.B., Miller, Sashidharan, S.P., Psychiatric disorder in women from an Edinburgh community: associations with demographic factors (1983) Br J Psychiatry, 142, pp. 238-246; Taylor, C.B., Sallis, J.F., Needle, R., The relationship of physical activity and exercise to mental health (1985) Public Health Rep, 100, pp. 195-202; Warr, P., Parry, G., Paid employment and women's psychological well-being (1982) Psychol Bull, 19, pp. 498-516; Warr, P., Parry, G., Depressed mood in working class mothers with and without paid employment (1982) Soc Psychiatry, 17, pp. 161-165; Weissman, M.M., Advances in psychiatric epidemiology. Rates and risks for major depression (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 445-451 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027070304&doi=10.1007%2fBF00788900&partnerID=40&md5=cebcac116d89327be25ea3684b532570 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life* T2 - Population Studies J2 - Popul. Stud. VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 213 EP - 234 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1080/0032472031000146206 SN - 00324728 (ISSN) AU - Kiernan, K.E. AD - Family Policy Studies Centre, London, NW1 6XE, United Kingdom AB - From the life histories of a British cohort born in 1958 we examine whether the timing of educational, occupational, and demographic transitions differed for children who grew up with both natural parents, and children who experienced the dissolution of their parents’ marriage, either through death or divorce, and whose remaining parent did or did not remarry. Bereaved children were no more likely than children brought up with both natural parents to make the transitions at an early age. There was one exception. Young people from step-families formed after death or divorce were most likely to leave home early, and for reasons of friction. The effects of parents’ marital disruption differed between the sexes. Young men from step-families were more likely to form partnerships and become fathers at an earlier age than their contemporaries from intact or lone-mother families. For young women from both step and lone-parent families the propensity to form unions in their teens, to have a child at an early age and to bear a child outside marriage was higher than for those who came from intact families. © 1992 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. N1 - Cited By :180 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kiernan, K.E.; Family Policy Studies Centre, London, NW1 6XE, United Kingdom N1 - References: Haskey, J., The children of families broken by divorce (1990) Population Trends, p. 61; Haskey, J., Current prospects for the proportions of marriages ending in divorce (1988) Population Trends, p. 55; Demo, D.H., Acock, A.C., The impact of divorce on children (1988) Journal of Marriage and the Family, p. 50; Dyson, M., Richards, M., (1982) Separation, Divorce and Development of Children: A Review, , mimeo, London, DHSS; Chase-Lansdale, L., Hetherington, E.M., The impact of divorce on life-span development: Short and long-term effects (1990) Life-Span Development and Behaviour, , D. L. Featherman and R. M. Lerner (eds), Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Wadsworth, M.E.J., The interests of children after parental divorce: A long-term perspective (1988) International Journal of Law and the Family, p. 2; Kuh, D., Maclean, M., Women’s childhood experience of parental separation and their subsequent health and socio-economic status in adulthood (1990) Journal of Biosocial Science, p. 22; McLanahan, S., Bumpass, L., Intergenerational consequences of family disruption (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (1); Hogan, D.P., (1981) Transitions and Social change: The Early Lives of American Men, , Academic Press, New York; Kiernan, K.E., Transitions in young adulthood (1991) Population Research in Britain, , M. Murphy and J. N. Hobcraft (eds); Modell, J., (1989) Into One’s Own: From Youth to Adulthood in the United States, 1920-1975, , University of California Press, London; Douglas, J.W.B., Rowntree, G., (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality - The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., (1975) British Births 1970: Volume 1, The First Week of Life, , Heineman, London; Ferri, E., (1976) Growing-up in a One-Parent Family, , National Children’s Bureau, London; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing-up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study, , Macmillan Press, London; Roll, J., (1990) Young People: Growing up in the Welfare State, , London, Family Policy Studies Centre; Brown, A., Kiernan, K.E., Cohabitation in Great Britain: Evidence from the General Household Survey (1981) Population Trends, p. 25; Haskey, J., Kiernan, K.E., Cohabitation in Great Britain: Characteristics and estimated numbers of cohabiting partners (1989) Population Trends, p. 58; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School: A Study of Ability and Attainment in Primary Schools, , MacGibbon and Kee, London; Furstenberg, F.F., Jr., Cherlin, A.J., (1991) Divided Families: What Happens to Children When Parents Part, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass; Mitchell, B.A., Wister, A.V., Burch, T.K., The family environment and leaving the parental home (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, p. 51. , August; Goldscheider, F.K., Goldscheider, C., Family structure and conflict: Nest leaving expectations of young adults and their parents (1989) Journal of Marriage and the Family, p. 51. , February; White, L.K., Booth, A., The quality and stability of remarriages: The role of stepchildren (1985) American Sociological Review, p. 30; Burgoyne, J., Clark, D., Reconstituted families (1982) Families In Britain, , R. N. Rapoport, M. P. Fogarty and R. Rapoport (Eds), London, Routledge, Kegan and Paul; Michael, R.T., Tuma, N.B., Entry into marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background (1985) Demography, 22 (4); Kieman, K.E., (1987) Demographic Experiences in Early Adulthood, , Ph.D. thesis, University of London; Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts - a longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37 (3) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948053881&doi=10.1080%2f0032472031000146206&partnerID=40&md5=663a4cc13818e9762f85a7d473002521 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The educational antecedents of teen fatherhood. T2 - The British journal of educational psychology J2 - Br J Educ Psychol VL - 62 SP - Pt 1/ EP - PY - 1992 SN - 00070998 (ISSN) AU - Dearden, K. AU - Hale, C. AU - Alvarez, J. AD - School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham. AB - In attempting to identify the determinants of teen pregnancy, researchers have focused on risk factors for young women, largely ignoring teen fathers. This study examines the educational antecedents of teen fatherhood using the 1958 National Child Development Study. Results suggest that those less than 20 years old at onset of fatherhood are much more likely than those who had not fathered a child by age 23 to have experienced academic difficulties and that such difficulties antedate teen fatherhood by as much as a decade. Variables measuring parents' lack of interest in their sons' education were strongly associated with the risk of teen fatherhood as were teachers' negative assessment of boys' academic ability, and the boys' own desire to terminate education as early as possible. Social class was modestly important in explaining differences in educational experiences for teen fathers and non-fathers. KW - adolescent KW - adolescent pregnancy KW - adult KW - article KW - case control study KW - cohort analysis KW - education KW - father KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - motivation KW - pregnancy KW - psychological aspect KW - retrospective study KW - social class KW - student KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aspirations (Psychology) KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cohort Studies KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Social Class KW - Student Dropouts KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1558810 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dearden, K. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026811450&partnerID=40&md5=563191c180ce686f9a35a0fe6d21aef7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. 1. Evidence for a multigenerational effect T2 - Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey J2 - Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. VL - 47 IS - 8 SP - 526 EP - 528 PY - 1992 SN - 00297828 (ISSN) AU - Emanuel, I. AU - Filakti, H. AU - Alberman, E. AU - Evans, S.J.W. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Child Development and Mental Retardation Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, London Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Note DB - Scopus LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953833149&partnerID=40&md5=ed4cb738ce544c1e8cc828ddd32080ec ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 110 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00748.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AD - Child Health Monitoring Unit, Department of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - Summary. In the week 3–9 March 1958, 98% of all births in England, Scotland and Wales (approximately 17000) were studied in the Perinatal Mortality Survey. The follow‐up of surviving children, known as the National Child Development Study, comprises four major sweeps at ages 7, 11, 16 and 23. Medical examinations were conducted at each age, except at 23 when health was self‐reported. Details of the child's family background and socio‐economic circumstances were recorded, together with assessments of their social development and educational attainment. Seventy‐six per cent of the target population were interviewed at age 23. The health of subjects in the 1958 cohort has been described in over 200 publications but there is no comprehensive account of findings from birth to age 23. This overview attempts to redress this. As new data are gathered from the study subjects at age 33, opportunities will exist to investigate associations between childhood factors and health in midlife. Data on their partners and children will be included, allowing studies of inter‐generational and family health. Further indications of changing illness patterns will be possible from comparisons with data collected on earlier and later born cohorts. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - academic achievement KW - accident KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child development KW - child health KW - childhood disease KW - chronic disease KW - comparative study KW - employment KW - epidemiology KW - family KW - female KW - follow up KW - health behavior KW - health care utilization KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical examination KW - normal human KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy complication KW - psychologic assessment KW - review KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - smoking KW - social evolution KW - social status KW - Accidents KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child Health Services KW - Child Welfare KW - Cohort Studies KW - Data Collection KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Health Surveys KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :39 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus C2 - 1553321 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Child Health Monitoring Unit, Department of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh:, Churchill Livingstone; (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford:, Oxford University Press; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., (1975) British Births 1970. Vol. 1: The First Week of Life, , London:, Heinemann Medical; Fedrick, J., Butler, N.R., Intended place of delivery and perinatal outcome (1978) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 763-765; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh:, Churchill Livingstone; Butler, N.R., National survey of perinatal mortality: first results (1961) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 1313-1315; Butler, N.R., Perinatal mortality survey under the auspices of the National Birthday Trust Fund (1961) Proceedings of Royal Society of Medicine, 54, pp. 1089-1092; Butler, N.R., Fatal coxsackie B myocarditis in a newborn infant (1962) BMJ, 1, pp. 1251-1252; Butler, N.R., Perinatal mortality survey (1962) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 1463-1465; Butler, N.R., Claireaux, A.E., Congenital diaphragmatic hernia as a cause of perinatal mortality (1962) Lancet, 2, p. 1187; Butler, N.R., Complications of birth asphyxia with special reference to resuscitation (1963) The Obstetrician Anaesthetist and the Paediatrician in the Management of Obstetrical Problems, , Editors:, T. Barnett, J. Joyce,. Pergamon:, Oxford; Butler, N.R., An analysis of data on ‘high risk’ mothers in relation to perinatal mortality (1965) Report on Symposium on the Role of Obstetricians in Maternal and Child Health Programmes, , Geneva:, World Health Organisation; Butler, N.R., Perinatal death (1965) Gestational Age, Size and Maturity, , Editors:, M. Dawkins, W. G. MacGregor,. London:, Spastics Society/Heinemann; Butler, N.R., The problems of low birthweight and early delivery (1965) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 72, pp. 1001-1003; Alberman, E.D., Fedrick, J.M., Schutt, W.H., The hypoplastic left heart complex (1967) Journal of Medical Genetics, 4, pp. 83-87; Fedrick, J., Comparison of birth weight/gestation distribution in cases of still birth and neonatal death according to lesions found at necropsy (1969) British Medical Journal, 3, pp. 745-748; Fedrick, J., Neonatal deaths: time of death, maturity and lesion (1971) Biology of the Neonate, 18, pp. 369-378; Fedrick, J., Alberman, E., Goldstein, H., Possible teratogenic effects of cigarette smoking (1971) Nature, 231, pp. 529-530; Fedrick, J., Butler, N.R., Accuracy of registered causes of neonatal deaths in 1958 (1972) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 26, pp. 101-105; Mascie‐Taylor, C., Boldsen, J., Assortative mating, differential fertility and abnormal pregnancy outcome (1988) Annals of Human Biology, 15, pp. 223-228; Mascie‐Taylor, C., Assortative mating in a contemporary British population (1987) Annals of Human Biology, 14, pp. 59-68; McManus, I., Mascie‐Taylor, C., Human assortative mating for height: non‐linearity and heteroscedasticity (1984) Human Biology, 56, pp. 617-623; Tew, M., Place of birth and perinatal mortality (1985) Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 35, pp. 390-394; Mascie‐Taylor, C.G.N., McManus, I.C., Blood group and socio‐economic class (1984) Nature, 309, pp. 395-399; Mascie‐Taylor, C.G.N., Lasker, E.W., Migration and changes in ABO and Rh blood group clines in Britain (1987) Human Biology, 59, pp. 337-344; Fedrick, J., Butler, N.R., Certain causes of neonatal death. I: hyaline membranes (1970) Biology of the Neonate, 15, pp. 229-255; Fedrick, J., Butler, N.R., Certain causes of neonatal death. II: intraventricular haemorrhage (1970) Biology of the Neonate, 15, pp. 257-290; Fedrick, J., Butler, N.R., Certain causes of neonatal death. III: pulmonary infection (a) clinical factors (1971) Biology of the Neonate, 17, pp. 458-471; Fedrick, J., Butler, N.R., Certain causes of neonatal death. III: pulmonary infection (b) pregnancy and delivery (1971) Biology of the Neonate, 18, pp. 45-47; Fredrick, J., Butler, N.R., Certain causes of neonatal death, IV: massive pulmonary haemorrhage (1971) Biology of the Neonate, 18, pp. 243-262; Fedrick, J., Butler, N.R., Certain causes of neonatal death. V: cerebral birth trauma (1971) Biology of the Neonate, 18, pp. 321-329; Fedrick, J., Adelstein, P., Influence of pregnancy spacing on outcome of pregnancy (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 753-756; Goldstein, H., A study of response rates of 16‐year‐olds in the National Child Development Study (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , Editor:, K. Fogelman,. London:, Macmillan/National Children's Bureau; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London:, Chapman & Hall; Fox, A.J., NCDSV: the cohort and their children (1987) ESRC Data Archive Bulletin, 36, pp. 8-10; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London:, Longman/National Children's Bureau; (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , Fogelman, K.,. London:, Macmillan; Davie, R., One week's births (1973) British Science News, Spectrum, 108; Davie, R., Eleven years of childhood (1973) Statistical News, 22, pp. 14-18; Davie, R., The longitudinal approach (1972) Trends in Education, 28, pp. 8-13; Davie, R., Likely outcomes of longitudinal studies: National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Longitudinal Studies in the Social Sciences, , Editors:, W. D. Wall, H. L. Williams, London:, Heinemann/Social Science Research Council; Davie, R., Seven year olds in England (1966) Special Education, 55, pp. 9-11; Davie, R., (1966) Summary of the National Child Development Study, , London:, National Bureau for Co‐operation in Child Care; Davie, R., Summary of the first report of the National Child Development Study (1967) Forward Trends, 2, pp. 5-13; Fogelman, K., The National Child Development Study (1974) Education, 10, p. 257; Fogelman, K., Research feedback: Britain's sixteen year olds (1976) Concern, 21, pp. 28-31; Fogelman, K., Exploiting longitudinal data: examples from the National Child Development Study (1985) Longitudinal Studies in Child Psychology and Psychiatry, , Editor:, A. R. Nicol,. Chichester:, J. Wiley; Fogelman, K., (1985) Growing Up in Great Britain, , Melbourne:, Australian Council for Educational Research/New Zealand Council for Educational Research; Fogelman, K., (1986), The British experience: the 1946, 1958 and 1970 national cohorts. Reproduced by EDRS, US Office of Education (ref. no. ED 271, 863); Fogelman, K., Wedge, P., The National Child Development Study (1958 British cohort) (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research, , Editors:, S. A. Mednick, A. E. Baert,. Oxford:, Oxford University Press; Goldstein, H., From birth to seven (1972) Concern, 10, pp. 6-12; Goldstein, H., Physical factors and mental development (1973) Nutritional Problems in a Changing World, , Editors:, D. Hollingsworth, M. Russell,. London:, Applied Science Publications; Hitchfield, E., (1974) In Search of Promise, , London:, Longman/National Children's Bureau; Ives, R., Informing the informants (1981) Concern, 40, pp. 9-10; Ives, R., Your story (1981) Concern, 40, pp. 11-23; Ives, R., How the hell should I know (1982) Concern, 44, pp. 22-26; Wedge, P., The second follow‐up of the National Child Development Study (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 34-39; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Peckham, C.S., Taylor, B., The role of national longitudinal studies in the prediction of health, development and behaviour (1984) Monitoring Child Health in the United States: Selected Issues and Policies, , Editors:, D. K. Walker, J. B. Richmond,. Cambridge:, Harvard University Press; Shepherd, P., The NCDS (1958) cohort at 20 (1980) Concern, 37, pp. 20-24; Sandilands, J., (1976), Portrait of a generation — how sweet is 16 Observer Colour Magazine; Davie, R., The unequal start (1972) Sunday Times Colour, 4, pp. 25-31. , June; Hart, S., It's not all sweet sixteen for the children of the ‘fifties (1976) Health and Social Services Journal, 86, pp. 1660-1661; Wedge, P., Access to data in the National Child Development Study (1974) SSRC Newsletter, 23, pp. 4-5; Pringle, M.K., Planning and programming for child care (1968) Selected Papers on Learning Difficulties, , San Rafael, California:, Academic Therapy Publications; Pringle, M.K., Butler, N., Davie, R., (1966) 11000 seven year olds, , London:, Longman/National Children's Bureau; Ross, E., 16000 home visits (1969) Nursing Times, 65, pp. 1511-1513; Pringle, M.K., (1965), pp. 1-6. , The National Child Development Study (1958 cohort). Bulletin of British Psychological Society; Pringle, M.K., National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1968) Research Relevant to the Education of Children With Learning Handicaps, , Stanmore, Middlesex:, College of Special Education; Pringle, M.K., Policy implications of child development studies (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 40-48; Goldstein, H., Wedge, P., The British National Child Development Study (1975) World Health Statistics Report, 28, pp. 202-211; Peckham, C., Pearson, R., Preliminary findings at the age of 16 years on children in the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1976) Public Health, 90, pp. 271-280; Pearson, R., Peckham, C., Preliminary findings (1972) Concern, 10, pp. 16-20; Pearson, R., Peckham, C., Preliminary findings at the age of eleven years on children in the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1972) Community Medicine, 127, pp. 113-116; Peckham, C., A national study of child development: preliminary findings in a national sample of 11 year old children (1973) Proceedings of Royal Society of Medicine, 1, pp. 93-106; Alberman, E., The prevalence of congenital defects in the children of the 1958 cohort (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 29-33; Davie, R., Socio‐biological influences on children's development (1972) Determinants of Behavioural Development, , Editor:, F. J. Monks,. London:, Academic Press; Golding, J., Fogelman, K., Are Britain's children getting healthier (1989) Paediatric Reviews & Communications, 3, pp. 235-245; Chilvers, C., Pike, M.C., Forman, D., Apparent doubling of frequency of undescended testis in England and Wales in 1962–81 (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 330-332; Calnan, M., Douglas, J., Goldstein, H., Tonsillectomy and circumcision: comparisons of two cohorts (1978) International Journal of Epidemiology, 7, pp. 79-85; Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939–45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; Goldstein, H., Peckham, C., Birthweight, gestation, neonatal mortality and child development (1976) The Biology of Human Fetal Growth, , Editors:, D. F. Roberts, A. M. Thomson,. London:, Taylor & Francis; Peckham, C., Butler, N., Frew, R., Medical and social aspects of children with educational difficulties (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , Editor:, K. Fogelman,. London:, Macmillan/National Children's Bureau; Alberman, E., Butler, N.R., Gardiner, P.A., Children with squints at seven years: a handicapped group (1971) The Practitioner, 206, pp. 501-506; Goldstein, H., (1972), pp. 10-11. , Smoking in pregnancy and the health of the baby. Mother and Child; Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy: the statistical controversy and its resolution (1975) Proceedings of 3rd World Conference on Smoking and Health, , New York:, Bethesda National Cancer Institute; Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy: the statistical controversy (1977) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 31, pp. 13-17; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Ross, E.M., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: influence on birth and perinatal mortality (1972) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 127-130; Alberman, E.D., Sociobiologic factors and birthweight in Great Britain (1977) The Epidemiology of Prematurity, pp. 145-156. , Editors:, D. M. Reed, F. Stanley,. Baltimore:, Urban and Schwarzenberg; Peters, T., Harragin, R., Golding, J., Do the maternal and social factors related to birthweight change over time (1985) Health Visitor, 58, pp. 226-227; Peters, T.J., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Plus ça change: predictors of birthweight in two national studies (1983) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 90, pp. 1040-1045; Joffe, M., Social inequalities in low birthweight: timing of effects and selective social mobility (1989) Social Science and Medicine, 28, pp. 613-619; Alberman, E.D., Epidemiology (1989) Fetal Growth: Proceedings of the Twentieth Study Group of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, , Editors:, F. Sharp, R. B. Fraser, R. D. G. Milner,. London:, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; Wedge, P., Alberman, E., Goldstein, H., Health and height in children (1970) New Society, 16, pp. 1044-1045; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven‐year‐old children. Results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Alberman, E., Filakti, H., Williams, S., Early influences on the secular change in adult height between the parents and children of the 1958 birth cohort (1991) Annals of Human Biology, 18, pp. 127-136; Butler, N., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-575; Fogelman, K., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent development of the child (1980) Child: care, health and development, 6, pp. 233-251; Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) British Medical Journal, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Children's housing and their health and physical development (1978) Child: care, health and development, 4, pp. 357-369; Tibbenham, A., Gorbach, P., Peckham, C., The influence of family size on height (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , Editor:, K. Fogelman,. London:, Macmillan; Mascie‐Taylor, C., Boldsen, J., Regional analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Annals of Human Biology, 12, pp. 315-324; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Journal of Social Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Power, C., Class and tenure mobility: do they explain inequalities in health among young adults in Britain (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, , Editor:, A. J. Fox,. Aldershot, Hampshire:, Gower; Lasker, G., Mascie‐Taylor, C., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 1-8; Kuh, D., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) International Journal of Epidemiology; Newens, E., Goldstein, H., Height, weight and the assessment of obesity in children (1972) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 26, pp. 33-39; Wedge, P., Newens, M., Goldstein, H., Weighing children (1972) New Society, 20, pp. 467-468; Peckham, C.S., Stark, O., Simonite, V., The prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1982) British Medical Journal, 286, pp. 1237-1242; Peckham, C.S., Stark, O., Moynihan, C., Obesity in school children: is there a case for screening (1985) Public Health, 99, pp. 3-9; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight‐for‐height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) International Journal of Obesity, 12, pp. 445-453; Moynihan, C., Stark, O., Peckham, C.S., Obesity in 16 year olds assessed by weight and doctor's rating (1986) International Journal of Obesity, 10, pp. 27-34; Mascie‐Taylor, C., Boldsen, J., Development indices of maturity in females (1987) Human Biology, 59, pp. 1-6; Mascie‐Taylor, C., Boldsen, J., Recalled age of menarche in Britain (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13, pp. 253-257; Stark, O., Peckham, C.S., Moynihan, C., Weight and age at menarche (1989) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64, pp. 383-387; Power, C., Peckham, C., Childhood morbidity and adulthood ill health (1990) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 44, pp. 69-74; Pless, I.B., Power, C., Peckham, C., (1991), Long‐Term Psychosocial Sequelae of Chronic Physical Illness in Childhood. (forthcoming); Alberman, E., Butler, N., Sheridan, M., Visual acuity of a national sample (1958 cohort) at seven years (1971) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 13, pp. 9-14; Peckham, C., Adams, B., Vision screening in a national sample of 11 year old children (1975) Child: care, health and development, 1, pp. 93-106; Peckham, C., Gardiner, P., Tibbenham, A., Vision screening of adolescents and their use of glasses (1979) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 1111-1113; Tibbenham, A., Peckham, C., Gardiner, P., Vision screening in children tested at 7, 11 and 16 years (1978) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 1312-1314; Gardiner, P.A., Peckham, C.S., Use of glasses by adolescents with good vision (1980) British Medical Journal, 281, p. 780; Peckham, C., Gardiner, P., Goldstein, H., Acquired myopia in 11‐year‐old children (1977) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 542-545; McManus, I.C., What makes some children shortsighted (1987) Lancet, 2, p. 1267; Sheridan, M.D., Reported incidence of hearing loss in children of seven years (1972) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 14, pp. 296-303; Peckham, C., Sheridan, M., Butler, N., School attainment of seven‐year‐old children with hearing difficulties (1972) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 14, pp. 592-602; Sheridan, M.D., Peckham, C., Hearing and speech at seven (1973) Special Education, 62, pp. 16-30; Peckham, C.S., Sheridan, M., Follow up at 11 years of 46 children with severe unilateral hearing loss at 7 years (1976) Child: care, health and development, 2, pp. 107-111; Richardson, K., Peckham, C., Goldstein, H., Hearing levels of children tested at seven and eleven: a national study (1976) British Journal of Audiology, 10, pp. 117-123; Richardson, K., Hutchinson, D., Peckham, C., Audiometric thresholds of a national sample of British sixteen year olds: a longitudinal study (1977) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 19, pp. 797-802; Sheridan, M.D., Children of seven years with marked speech defects (1973) British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 8, pp. 9-16; Butler, N.R., Peckham, C., Sheridan, M.D., Speech defects in children aged seven years: a national study (1973) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 253-257; Sheridan, M., Peckham, C., Follow‐up at 16 years of school children who had marked speech defects at 7 years (1978) Child: care, health and development, 4, pp. 145-157; Calnan, M., Richardson, K., Speech problems in a national sample: associations with hearing, handedness and therapy (1976) Community Health, 8, pp. 101-105; Calnan, M., Richardson, K., Speech problems in a national survey: assessments and prevalences (1976) Child: care, health and development, 2, pp. 191-202; Calnan, M., Richardson, K., Speech problems among children in a national survey: associations with reading, general ability, mathematics and syntactic maturity (1977) Educational Studies, 3, pp. 55-66; Calnan, M., Peckham, C., Incidence of insulin‐dependent diabetes in the first sixteen years of life (1977) Lancet, 1, pp. 89-90; Stewart‐Brown, S., Haslum, M., Butler, N.R., Evidence for increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in childhood (1983) British Medical Journal, 286, pp. 1855-1857; Kurtz, Z., Peckham, C., Ades, A.E., The changing incidence of juvenile‐onset diabetes mellitus (1988) Lancet, 2, pp. 88-90; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Patel, S., The natural history of asthma in childhood (1986) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 40, pp. 121-129; Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peckham, C.S., Risk factors for asthma up to 16 years of age: evidence from a national cohort study (1987) Chest, 91 S, pp. 127s-130s; Peckham, C., Butler, N., A national study of asthma in childhood (1978) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, pp. 79-85; Kaplin, B., Mascie‐Taylor, C., Biosocial factors in the epidemiology of childhood asthma in a British national sample (1985) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 39, pp. 152-156; Kaplan, B.A., Brush, G., Mascie‐Taylor, C.G.N., The relationship of childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis with height, weight and body mass index (1987) Human Biology, 59, pp. 921-931; Strachan, D.P., Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Asthma as a link between chest illness in childhood and chronic cough and phlegm in young adults (1988) British Medical Journal, 296, pp. 890-893; Emond, A., Golding, J., Peckham, C.S., Cerebral palsy in two national cohort studies (1989) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64, pp. 848-852; Ross, E.M., Convulsive disorders in British children (1973) Proceedings of Royal Society of Medicine, 66, pp. 703-704; Ross, E., Peckham, C., West, P., Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 280, pp. 207-210; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., Seizure disorders in the National Child Development Study (1983) Advances in Epilepsy, , Editor:, F. C. Rose,. London:, Pitman Medical; Ross, E.M., Kurtz, Z., Peckham, C., Children with epilepsy: implications for the school health service (1983) Public Health, 97, pp. 75-81; Kurtz, Z., Peckham, C., Ross, E.M., Are all born equal? Incidence of febrile convulsions by season of birth (1982) British Medical Journal, 284, pp. 1404-1405; Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E.M., Epidemiology of epilepsy in childhood (1987) Epilepsy in Young People, , Editors:, E. M. Ross, D. Chadwick, R. Crawford,. Chichester:, J. Wiley & Sons; Frew, R., The prevalence of mental retardation in children (1972) Concern, 10, pp. 27-31; Frew, R., Peckham, C., (1972), pp. 2070-2072. , Mental retardation: a national study. British Hospital Journal and Socal Services Review; Peckham, C., Pearson, R., Handicapped eleven‐year‐olds (1976) Concern, 19, pp. 27-29; Peckham, C., Pearson, R., The prevalence and nature of ascertained handicap in the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1976) Public Health, 90, pp. 111-121; Fogelman, K., Progress and employment of handicapped children (1984) Stress and Disability in Childhood, , Editors:, N. R. Butler, B. D. Corner,. Bristol:, Wright; Pearson, R., Peckham, C., Handicapped children in secondary schools from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1977) Public Health, 91, pp. 296-304; Butler, N.R., Pringle, M.K., Prevention of handicaps in children (1966) Maternal and Child Care, 2, pp. 237-242; Butler, N.R., Children at risk (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 8-16; Alberman, E., Goldstein, H., The ‘at risk’ register: a statistical evaluation (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, pp. 129-135; Goldstein, H., A mathematical model for population disease screening (1975) Bulletin of Institute of Mathematics and Its Application, 11, pp. 64-66; Walker, A., The handicapped school leaver and the transition to work (1980) British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 8, pp. 212-223; Walker, A., Lewis, P., Careers advice and employment experiences of a small group of handicapped school‐leavers (1977) Careers Quarterly, 29, pp. 5-14; Walker, A., (1982) Unqualified and Underemployed: Handicapped Young People and the Labour Market, , London:, Macmillan; Walker, A., The handicap stakes (1982) New Society, 60, pp. 383-384; Walker, A., Unqualified and underemployed (1982) Concern, 43, pp. 4-9; (1976) Britain's Sixteen‐Year‐Olds, , Fogelman, K.,. London:, National Children's Bureau; Essen, J., Peckham, C., Nocturnal enuresis in childhood (1976) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 18, pp. 577-589; Ghodsian, M., Children's behaviour and the BSAG: some theoretical and statistical considerations (1977) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16, pp. 23-28; Davie, R., The problem child (1973) London Educational Review, 2, pp. 38-41; Pringle, M.K., Regional differences in child behaviour (1969) Eugenic Society Bulletin, 1; Pringle, M.K., Scotland for good parents and happy children (1970) Times Educational, 4; Pringle, M.K., The behaviour and adjustment of seven‐year‐olds in England, Scotland and Wales: some comparative results from the National Child Development Study (1970) Scottish Educational Studies, 2, pp. 3-10; Davie, R., The behaviour and adjustment of seven‐year‐old children: some results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1968) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 38, pp. 1-2; Davie, R., The behaviour and adjustment in school of seven year olds: sex and social class differences (1973) Early Child Care and Development, 2, pp. 39-47; Essen, J., Ghodsian, M., Sixteen year olds in households in receipt of supplementary benefits and family income supplement (1977) Supplementary Benefits Commission Annual Report 1976, , London:, HMSO; Ghodsian, M., Fogelman, K., Lambert, L., Changes in behaviour ratings of a national sample of children (1980) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, pp. 247-256; Fogelman, K., School attendance, attainment and behaviour (1978) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 48, pp. 148-158; Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., Health in childhood and social inequalities in young adults (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society), 153, pp. 17-28; Power, C., Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 32, pp. 411-418; Jones, D.R., Sedgwick, P., (1991), Life Events and Accidents in the National Child Development Study. (forthcoming); Wedge, P., Essen, J., (1982) Children in Adversity, , London:, Pan; Essen, J., Wedge, P., (1982) Continuities in Childhood Disadvantage, , London:, Heinemann Educational; Pless, I.B., Peckham, C.S., Power, C., Predicting traffic injuries in childhood: a cohort analysis (1989) Journal of Pediatrics, 115, pp. 932-938; Jones, D.R., Sedgwick, P., (1991), Accident Liability in the National Child Development Study. (forthcoming); Bijur, P.E., Power, C., Kurzon, M., Parent‐adolescent conflict and adolescent injuries (1991) Journal of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics; Pearson, R., Peckham, C., Preliminary findings at the age of 11 years on children in the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1972) Netherlands Journal of Social Medicine, 50, pp. 937-941; Steedman, J., (1983) Examination Results in Selective and Non‐Selective Schools, , London:, National Children's Bureau; Wedge, P., Prosser, H., (1973) Born to Fail, , ? London:, Arrow/National Children's Bureau; Annett, M., La latéralité manuelle des jumeaux: théorie du déplacement à droite (1987) Bulletin de Psychologie, 40 (381); McManus, I.C., Right‐ and left‐hand skill: failure of the right shift model (1985) British Journal of Psychology, 76, pp. 1-16; Calnan, M., Richardson, K., Developmental correlates of handedness (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, pp. 329-342; Peckham, C., Marshall, W., Dudgeon, D., Rubella vaccination of school‐girls: factors affecting uptake (1977) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 760-761; Peckham, C., Speech defects in a national sample of children aged seven years (1973) British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 8, pp. 2-8; Sheridan, M.D., Peckham, C., Follow‐up at 11 years of children who had marked speech defects at 7 years (1975) Child: care, health and development, 1, pp. 157-166; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Acute appendicitis and bathrooms in three samples of British children (1988) British Medical Journal, 296, pp. 956-958; Pearson, R., Richardson, K., Smoking habits of 16 year olds in the National Child Development Study (1978) Public Health, 92, pp. 136-144; Fogelman, K., Smoking and health (1980) Concern, 37, pp. 25-29; Fogelman, K., Drinking among sixteen year olds (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , Editor:, K. Fogelman,. London:, Macmillan/National Children's Bureau; Ghodsian, M., Power, C., Alcohol consumption between the ages of 16 and 23 in Britain: a longitudinal study (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 193-198; Power, C., Estaugh, V., Employment and drinking in early adulthood: a longitudinal perspective (1990) British Journal of Addiction, 85, pp. 487-494; Power, C., Estaugh, V., The role of family formation and dissolution in shaping drinking behaviour in early adulthood (1990) British Journal of Addiction, 85, pp. 521-530; Estaugh, V., Power, C., Family disruption in early life and drinking in young adulthood (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 32, pp. 1105-1110; Pugh, H., Power, C., Goldblatt, P., Women's lung cancer mortality, socioeconomic status and changing smoking patterns (1991) Social Science and Medicine; Ross, E.M., Tookey, P., Educational needs and epilepsy in childhood (1988) Epilepsy, Behaviour and Cognitive Function, pp. 87-96. , Editors:, M. R. Trimble, E. H. Reynolds,. Chichester:, J. Wiley; Pringle, M.K., Butler, N., National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1967) What is Special Education, , ? Stanmore, Middlesex:, Association for Special Education; Davie, R., National Child Development Study (1968) Research Relevant to the Education of Children with Learning Handicaps, , College of Special Education; Davie, R., Local authority services for children (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 17-22; Ghodsian, M., Calnan, M., A comparative longitudinal analysis of special education groups (1977) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 47, pp. 162-174; Hart, S., Learning the facts of life (1978) Where, 134, pp. 28-29; Lambert, L., Measuring the gaps in teenagers' knowledge of sex and parenthood (1977) Health and Social Services Journal, 77, pp. 668-669; Lambert, L., Pearson, R., Sex education in schools (1977) Journal of the Institute of Health Education, 15, pp. 4-11; Pearson, R., Lambert, L., Sex education, preparation for parenthood and the adolescent (1977) Community Health, 91, pp. 296-304; Adams, B., Ghodsian, M., Richardson, K., Evidence for a low upper limit of heritability of mental test performance in a national sample of twins (1976) Nature, 263, pp. 314-316; (1987), Literacy, Numeracy and Adults. Evidence from the National Child Development Study. Findings from the ALBSU/MSC research project undertaken by the University of Lancaster; Bagley, C., Achievement, behaviour disorder and social circumstances in West Indian children and other ethnic groups (1982) Self‐Concept, Achievement and Multicultural Education, , Editors:, G. K. Verma, C. Bagley,. London:, Macmillan; Blane, D.C., Pilling, D., Fogelman, K., The use of longitudinal data in a study of children's school mobility and attainment (1985) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, pp. 310-313; Essen, J., Ghodsian, M., Children of immigrants: school performance (1980) New Community, 7, pp. 1-8; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Tibbenham, A., Some non‐academic correlates of ability grouping in secondary schools (1979) Educational Studies, 5, pp. 83-93; Kerckhoff, A., Effects of ability grouping in British secondary schools (1986) American Sociological Review, 51, pp. 842-858; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Childhood housing experiences and school attainment (1978) Child: care, health and development, 4, pp. 41-58; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Ghodsian, M., Long term changes in the school attainment of a national sample of children (1978) Educational Research, 20, pp. 143-151; Essen, J., Living in one‐parent families: attainment at school (1979) Child: care, health and development, 5, pp. 83-93; Davie, R., Where is the evidence that children suffer from being in large classes (1972) Where, 67, pp. 69-73; Davie, R., (1972), p. 16. , The missing year. Guardian; Davie, R., Houses before school (1972) Times Education, 4; Tibbenham, A., Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Ability grouping and school characteristics (1978) British Journal of Educational Studies, 26, pp. 8-23; Lacey, C., Blane, D., Geographical mobility and school attainment: the confounding variables (1979) Educational Research, 21, pp. 200-206; Davie, R., Size of class, educational attainment and adjustment (1971) Concern, 7, pp. 6-14; Davie, R., Reading at the infant stage: some results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1970) Reading: Problems and Perspectives: A Report of the Nottingham Reading Study Conference 1967, , Editor:, J. C. Daniels,. Stockport:, United Kingdom Reading Association; Davie, R., Children at risk (1970) Froebel Journal, 16, pp. 30-33; Essen, J., Lambert, L., Head, J., School attainment of children who have been in care (1976) Child: care, health and development, 2, pp. 339-351; Evans, R., Sparrow, M., Trends in the assessment of early childhood development (1975) Child: care, health and development, 1, pp. 127-141; Fogelman, K., The effectiveness of schooling: some recent findings from the National Child Development Study (1978) Perimeters of Social Repair, , Editors:, W. H. G. Armytage, J. Peel,. London:, Academic Press; Fogelman, K., The research evidence on secondary school size (1979) Big and Beautiful: Views of the Size of Schools, , London:, Secondary Heads Association; Fogelman, K., Educational and career aspirations of sixteen‐year‐olds (1979) British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 7, pp. 42-56; Fogelman, K., Assessing examination attainment in selective and non‐selective secondary schools (1981) Publishing School Examination Results: A Discussion, , Editors:, I. Plewis, J. Gray, K. Fogelman et al., London:, Institute of Education; Fogelman, K., Assessment of examination performance in different types of schools (1984) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 147, pp. 569-581. , (series A); Fogelman, K., Problems in comparing examination attainment in selective and comprehensive schools (1984) Oxford Review of Education, 10, pp. 33-43; Fogelman, K., (1986) After School: The Education and Training Experiences of the 1958 Cohort, , London:, Further Education Unit; Fogelman, K., Essen, J., Tibbenham, A., Ability grouping in secondary schools and attainment (1978) Educational Studies, 4, pp. 201-212; Fogelman, K., Goldstein, H., Social factors associated with changes in educational attainment between 7 and 11 years of age (1976) Educational Studies, 2, pp. 95-109; Fogelman, K., Goldstein, H., Essen, J., Patterns of attainment (1978) Educational Studies, 4, pp. 121-130; Fogelman, K., Gorbach, P., Age of starting school and attainment at 11 (1978) Educational Research, 21, pp. 65-66; Fogelman, K., Holden, H., Examination results in selective and non‐selective schools (1983) Concern, 48, pp. 6-9; Fogelman, K., Richardson, K., School attendance: some results from the National Child Development Study (1974) Truancy, , Editor:, B. Turner,. East Grinstead, West Sussex:, Ward Lock Education; Fogelman, K., Steedman, J., Hutchison, D., Progress in secondary schools: reflections in reply (1981) Children's Progress in Secondary Schools, , Editor:, J. Dancy,. Exeter:, University of Exeter School of Education; Fogelman, K., Richardson, K., An anatomy of truancy (1974) Teacher, 25, p. 13. , 3; Fogelman, K., Tibbenham, A., Lambert, L., Absence from school: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Out of School: Perspectives in Truancy and School Refusal, , Editors:, I. Berg, L. Hersov,. Chichester:, John Wiley; Goldstein, H., Fogelman, K., Age standardisation and seasonal effects in mental testing (1974) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 44, pp. 109-115; Hamilton, M., Stasinopoulos, M., (1987) Literacy, Numeracy and Adults: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit; Hart, S., Does the size of a family affect a child's education (1976) Where, 113, pp. 48-50; Hart, S., If you're a poor reader you can still write a good essay (1977) Where, 125, pp. 42-43; Hitchfield, E., Gifted children and their problems (1976) Education, 4, pp. 10-13; Hutchison, D., Holden, H., (1984), pp. 4-5. , What standards? What fall? Report. Journal of Assistant Masters & Mistresses Association; Hutchison, D., Prosser, H., Wedge, P., The prediction of educational failure (1979) Educational Studies, 5, pp. 73-82; Ives, R., (1985), pp. 5-6. , School reports and self reports of examination results. Social and Community Planning Research Survey Methods Newsletter; Steedman, J., (1980) Progress in Secondary Schools, , London:, National Children's Bureau; Steedman, J., (1983) Examination Results in Mixed and Single Sex Schools: Findings from the National Child Development Study, , Manchester:, Equal Opportunities Commission; Steedman, J., Fogelman, K., Secondary schooling: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Concern, 36, pp. 5-34; Steedman, J., Fogelman, K., Hutchison, D., (1980) Real Research, , London:, National Children's Bureau; Pringle, M.K., Why are the most stable pupils found in Scotland (1970) Education, 136, pp. 318-328; Richardson, K., Reading attainment and family size: an anomaly (1977) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 47, pp. 71-75; Richardson, K., The writing productivity and syntactic maturity of 11 year olds in relation to their reading habits (1977) Literacy, 11, pp. 46-53; Richardson, K., Calnan, M., Essen, J., The linguistic maturity of 11 year olds (1976) Journal of Child Language, 3, pp. 95-115; Simonite, V., (1984) Literacy and Numeracy: Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit; Lambert, L., Careers guidance and choosing a job (1978) British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 6, pp. 147-160; Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Childhood housing experiences (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , Editor:, K. Fogelman,. London:, Macmillan/National Childeren's Bureau; (1972) A Pattern of Disadvantage, , Donnison, D.,. Windsor:, NFER; Donnison, D., Soto, P., (1980) The Good City: A Study of Urban Development and Policy in Britain, , London:, Heinemann; Essen, J., Parrinder, D., Housing for children: further findings from the National Child Development Study (1974) Housing Review, 24, pp. 112-114; Fogelman, K., Developmental correlates of family size (1975) British Journal of Social Work, 5, pp. 45-57; Fogelman, K., Bored children (1976) New Society, 37, p. 80; Fogelman, K., Bored eleven year olds (1976) British Journal of Social Work, 6, pp. 201-211; Tibbenham, A., Housing and truancy (1977) New Society, 39, pp. 501-502; Ghodsian, M., Essen, J., Children of immigrants: social and home circumstances (1980) New Community, 8, pp. 195-205; Goldstein, H., Wedge, P., Children in statistics (1980) New Society, 54, pp. 17-18; Parrinder, D., Housing for children: a second look (1972) Housing Review, 21, pp. 85-86; Petzing, J., Wedge, P., Homes fit for children (1970) New Society, 16, pp. 448-450; Prosser, H., Family size and children's development (1973) Health and Social Services Journal, 432, pp. 11-12; Sparrow, M., Utting, J., Children living off the ground (1981) Concern, 41, pp. 21-26; Wedge, P., (1971), The right to a full life. In: The ‘Poor’ of the 1970s: The Report of an Interprofessional Conference. Shotton Hall; Wedge, P., Children and the cycle of deprivation (1973) FSU Quarterly, 4, p. 8; Wedge, P., Social disadvantage: the facts and the practitioner (1974) Concern, 13, pp. 6-7; Wedge, P., Children at risk: a pattern of disadvantage (1977) Planning For Our Children: Report of a Care Conference, , Dublin:, CARE; Wedge, P., Reducing children's adversities (1982) Concern, 45, pp. 7-14; Wedge, P., Petzing, J., Housing for children (1970) Housing Review, 19, pp. 165-166; Pilling, D., (1990) Escape From Disadvantage, , London:, Falmer Press/National Children's Bureau; Pringle, M.K., (1972), pp. 7-13. , Born illegitimate (research feedback). Concern; Crellin, E., Pringle, M.K., West, P., (1971) Born Illegitimate, , Windsor:, NFER; Mapstone, E., Children in care (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 40-48; Lambert, L., Essen, J., Head, J., Variations in behaviour ratings of children who have been in care (1977) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18, pp. 335-346; Essen, J., Living in one‐parent families: income and expenditure (1978) Poverty, 40, pp. 23-28; Essen, J., Lambert, L., Living in one‐parent families: relationships and attitudes of sixteen‐year‐olds (1977) Child: care, health and development, 3, pp. 301-318; Ferri, E., (1976) Growing Up in a One‐Parent Family, , Windsor:, NFER; Ferri, E., (1979), pp. 4-6. , Children in one parent families. Ginger; Ferri, E., Children in one‐parent families (1972) The Parental Role, , London:, National Children's Bureau; Ferri, E., Characteristics of motherless families (1973) British Journal of Social Work, 3, pp. 91-100; Ferri, E., Children in motherless families (1973) Concern, 12, pp. 24-25; Ferri, E., Growing up in a one parent family (1976) Concern, 20, pp. 7-10; Ferri, E., Robinson, H., (1976) Coping Alone, , Windsor:, NFER; Lambert, L., Living in one‐parent families: school leavers and their future (1978) Concern, 29, pp. 26-30; Lambert, L., Children in changing families (1980) Concern, 37, pp. 12-15; Lambert, L., Hart, S., Who needs a father (1976) New Society, 37, p. 80; Lambert, L., Streather, J., (1980) Children in Changing Families, , London:, Macmillan; Robinson, H., Lone parenthood (1975) Concern, 18, pp. 26-31; Ferri, E., One parent, single or unmarried (1974) Concern, 14, pp. 5-6; Ferri, E., Background and behaviour of children in one‐parent families (1975) Therapeutic Education, 3, pp. 6-10; Ferri, E., (1975), pp. 168-170. , The single parent family: aspects of children's welfare. Paper delivered to 80th Royal Society of Health Congress, Eastbourne; Ferri, E., One parent families (1976) Journal of Association of Workers for Maladjusted Children, 4; Ferri, E., (1984) Stepchildren: A National Study, , Windsor:, NFER/Nelson; Ferri, E., Growing up in a step family (1984) Concern, 50, pp. 4-6; Pringle, M.K., Follow‐up of adopted children (1967) Journal of Medical Women's Federation, 43, pp. 146-148; Adams, B., Adoption and after (1972) New Society, 19, pp. 590-592; Seglow, J., Pringle, M.K., Wedge, P., (1972) Growing Up Adopted, , Windsor:, NFER; Lambert, L., Adopted from care by the age of seven (1981) Adoption & Fostering, 105, pp. 28-36; Whitehead, L., Research feedback: early parenthood (1977) Concern, 24, pp. 28-30; Ghodsian, M., Lambert, Sixteen year olds' views of how they get on with their parents (1978) AEP Journal, 4, pp. 27-33. , and dad are not so bad; Whitehead, L., Sex differences in children's responses to family stress: a re‐evaluation (1979) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 20, pp. 247-254; Fogelman, K., The contribution of longitudinal studies to family research (1984) Proceedings of Australian Family Research Conference 1983, 6. , Melbourne:, Institute of Family Studies; Elias, P., Blanchflower, D., Local labour market influences on early occupational attainment (1987) Unemployment, The Regions and Labour Markets: Reactions to Recession, , Editor:, I. Gordon,. London:, Pion Press; Jones, G., Young workers in the class structure (1987) Work, Employment & Society, 1, pp. 487-508; Elias, P., Blanchflower, D., (1989) The Occupations, Earning and Work Histories of Young Adults: Who Gets the Good Jobs, , ? Department of Employment research paper no. 68. London:, HMSO; Payne, J., Young self‐employed workers (1984) Employment Gazette, 92, pp. 497-503; Payne, J., Unemployment, apprenticeships and training: does it pay to stay on at school (1988) British Journal of Sociology of Education, 8, pp. 425-445; Jones, G., Leaving the parental home: an analysis of early housing careers (1987) Journal of Social Policy, 16, pp. 49-74; Hibbert, A., Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Occupational outcomes of truancy (1990) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, pp. 23-36; Hibbert, A., Fogelman, K., Future lives of truants: family formation and health‐related behaviour (1990) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, pp. 171-179; Goldstein, H., Longitudinal studies and the measurement of change (1968) The Statistician, 18, pp. 93-117; Healy, M., Goldstein, H., An approach to the scaling of categorical attributes (1976) Biometrika, 63, pp. 201-211; Shepherd, P., Literacy and numeracy and the implications for survey research: evidence from the National Child Development Study (1984) Journal of Market Research Society, 26, pp. 147-158; Plewis, I., (1985) Analysing Change: Measurement and Explanation Using Longitudinal Data, , Chichester:, J. Wiley; Hutchison, D., Event history and survival analysis in the social sciences. Part I, Background and introduction (1988) Quality and Quantity, 22, pp. 203-219; Hutchison, D., Event history and survival analysis in the social sciences. Part 2, Advanced applications and recent developments (1988) Quality & Quantity, 22, pp. 255-278; Boldsen, J., Mascie‐Taylor, C.G.N., Madsen, B., Analysis of repeated reported adult statures (1986) American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 69, pp. 537-540; Hutchison, D., Drop‐out from apprenticeship in the National Child Development Study (1987) Statistical Methods of Analysis for Longitudinal Studies and Event History Data, , Editor:, R. Crouchley,. Aldershot, Hampshire:, Gower; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection. NCDS Working Paper no. 1, , London:, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; (1988) NCDS News, National Child Development Study Newsletter, (3). , London:, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026604905&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1992.tb00748.x&partnerID=40&md5=143f47dd06ba3ca8a1b8d3aecab1e6b0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. II. Do parents who were twins have babies as heavy as those born to singletons? T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 99 IS - 10 SP - 836 EP - 840 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb14416.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - EMANUEL, I. AU - FILAKTI, H. AU - ALBERMAN, E. AU - EVANS, S.J.W. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Child Development and Mental Retardation Center, University of Washington, United States AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, London Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, London Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom AB - Objective To ascertain whether maternal twinning influences the previously described association between the birthweight of singleton mothers and their infants. Design and subjects The association between the birthweight of singleton parents and their offspring and that between twin parents and their offspring was compared using data from the 23‐year‐old sample of the 1958 British national birth cohort. The numbers available for full comparison were 1027 female and 611 male singleton cohort members, and 26 female and 17 male twin cohort members and their first singleton livebirths. Results Of the mothers who had been twins, half had been of low birthweight, and overall their mean weight was 700 g less than that of their singleton counterparts. Nevertheless, the mean birthweight of babies of twin mothers was 133 g, and of twin fathers 94 g, greater than of babies of corresponding singletons. For female, but not male, parents this difference persisted after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusions We suggest two possible reasons for the difference between the weight of babies of twin and singleton mothers. Firstly, the growth of twins becomes retarded late in pregnancy, possibly after a period critical in determining long‐term reproductive effects. Secondly, the twin survivors were of higher birthweight than the original twin cohort, whilst the singleton survivors were more representative of all singleton births, thus introducing a possible bias. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - birth weight KW - human KW - newborn KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - twin pregnancy KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Family Health KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Gestational Age KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Twins N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1419995 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: ALBERMAN, E.; Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Aitkin, M., Anderson, D., Francis, B., Hindc, J., (1989) Statistical Modelling in GLIM, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Alberman, E., Filakti, H., Williams, S., Evans, S.J.W., Emanuel, I., Early influences on the secular change in adult height between parents and children of the 1958 birth cohort (1991) Ann Hum Biol, 18, pp. 127-136; Alberman, E., Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Evans, S.J.W., The contrasting effects of parental birthweight and gestational age on the birthweight of offspring (1992) Paed Perinat Epid, 6, pp. 134-144; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C, Oolding, J., Kim, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) Br Med J, 298, pp. 564-567; Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmonds, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal Mortality (1963) The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh, Scotland; Emanuel, L., Maternal health during childhood and later reproductive performance (1986) Annals NY A cad Sci, 447, pp. 27-38; Emanuel, I., Intergenerational factors in pregnancy outcome. Implications for teratology Issues and Reviews in Teratology; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. I. Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 99, pp. 67-74; Emanuel, I., Hale, C.B., Berg, C.J., Poor birth outcomes of American black women: an alternative explanation (1989) J Public Health Policy, 10, pp. 299-308; Gennser, G., Rymark, P., Isberg, P.E., Low birthweight and risk of high blood pressure in adulthood (1988) Br Med J, 296, pp. 1498-1500; Hackman, E., Emanuel, I., van Belle, G., Daling, J., Maternal birthweight and subsequent pregnancy outcome (1983) JAMA, 250, pp. 2016-2019; Klebanoff, M.A., Graubard, B.I., Kessel, S.S., Berendes, H.W., Low birthweight across generations (1984) JAMA, 252, pp. 2423-2427; Klebanoff, M.A., Meirik, O., Berendes, H.W., Second‐generation consequence of small‐for‐dates birth (1989) Pediatrics, 84, pp. 386-401; Klebanoff, M.A., Yip, R., Influence of maternal birthweight on rate of fetal growth and duration of pregnancy (1987) J Pediatr, 111, pp. 287-292; Langhoff‐Roos, J., Lindmark, G., Gustavson, K.‐H., Gebre‐medhin, M., Meirik, O., Relative effect of parental birthweight on infant birthweight at term (1987) Clin Genet, 32, pp. 240-248; Lumcy, L.H., (1988), Obstetric Performance of Women after in‐utero Exposure to the Dutch Famine. PhD Dissertation., Columbia University, New York; Magnus, P., Berg, K., Bjerkedal, T., No significant difference in birlhweight for offspring of discordant monozygotic twins (1985) Early Hum Devel, 12, pp. 55-59; McKeown, T., Record, R.G., Observations on foetal growth in multiple pregnancy in man (1951) J Endocrinol, 8, pp. 386-401; Migone, A., Emanuel, I., Mueller, B., Daling, J., Little, R.E., Gestational duration and birthweight in White Black and mixed race babies (1991) Paed Perinat Epid, 5, pp. 378-391; Naeye, R.L., The fetal and neonatal development of twins (1964) Pediatrics, 33, pp. 546-553; Ounsted, M.A., Ounsted, C., On fetal growth rate (1973) Clin Dev Med, 46, pp. 65-68; Ounsted, M.A., Scott, A., Ounsted, C., Transmission through the female line of a mechanism constraining fetal growth (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 12, pp. 143-151; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , Social Statistics User Group, City University, London; Toth, P., Keszen, K., Mehes, K., Maternal regulation of fetal growth (1983) Acta Paediatr Hung, 24, pp. 37-48; Whincup, P., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Early influences on blood pressure: a study of children aged 5–7 years (1989) Br Med J, 299, pp. 587-591 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026674792&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1992.tb14416.x&partnerID=40&md5=55755f66e52b2aa320f2eb80bf99d2ad ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. 1. Evidence for a multigenerational effect T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 99 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 74 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb14396.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - EMANUEL, I. AU - FILAKTI, H. AU - ALBERMAN, E. AU - EVANS, S.J.W. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Child Development and Mental Retardation Center, University of Washington, United States AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, London Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom AB - Objective To investigate possible multigenerational influences on birthweight. Design Data from the longitudinal study of one week's births in 1958 up to the age of 23 years, the British National Child Development Study, were utilized. These pro‐vide socio‐biological information on the parents of the cohort, on the cohort members from birth onwards, and on the pregnancies and the birthweight of any babies born to the cohort members. Main outcome measure The main outcome was the birthweight of babies born to the cohort members, for whom complete intergenerational data were available for 1638 firstborn. Multiple regression modelling was used to investigate any associ‐ations between their birthweight and characteristics of their parents and grandparents. Results Significant positive associations were found between babies' birthweight and parental birthweight but not gestational age. For the babies born to female cohort members additional findings included associations between their birthweight and the height of the maternal grandmother and the social class of the maternal grandfather, even after adjustment for such strong predictors of birthweight as maternal weight, smoking habit in pregnancy and baby's sex and birth order. Conclusion These results thus offer support for a multigenerational influence on birthweight passed through the maternal line. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - birth weight KW - human KW - priority journal KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - England KW - Family KW - Female KW - Gestational Age KW - Human KW - Male KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :153 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1547177 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: ALBERMAN, E.; Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Aitkin, M., Anderson, D., Francis, B., Hinde, J., (1989) Statistical Mod‐ eling in GLIM, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Alberman, E., Filakti, H., Williams, S., Evans, S.J.W., Emanuel, I., Early influences on the secular change in adult height between the parent and children of the 1958 birth cohort (1991) Ann Hum Biol, 18, pp. 127-136; Andersen, W.J.R., Baird, D., Thomson, A.M., Epidemiology of stillbirths and infant deaths due to congenital malformations (1958) Lancet, 1, pp. 1304-1306; Baird, D., Social dass and foetal mortality (1947) Lancet, 1, pp. 531-535; Baird, D., Environmental and obstetrical factors in prematurity, with special references to experience in Aberdeen (1962) Bull WHO, 26, pp. 291-295; Baird, D., Changing problems and priorities in obstetrics (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 115-121; Baird, D., Illsley, R., Environment and childbearing (1952) Proc R Soc Med, 46, pp. 53-59; Baird, D., Thomson, A., The effects of obstetric and environ‐ mental factors on perinatal mortality by clinicopathological causes (1969) Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, pp. 211-226. , Butler N. R., Alberman E. D., eds, E & S Livingstone Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp; Barron, S.L., Perinatal mortality and birthweight in Makassan, Indonesia (1974) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Cmwlth, 81, pp. 187-195; (1969) Perinatal Problems; The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Butler N. R., Alberman E. D., (eds), E & S Livingstone Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality. The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Ross, E.M., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy; Its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality (1972) Br Med J, 2, pp. 127-130; Chen, Y.R, Chen, H.Y., Wei, P.Y., Relationship between birthweight and height of mother (1963) Assn Obstet Gynecol of the Republic of China, 2, pp. 1-8; Drillien, C.M., The social and economic factors affecting the incidence of premature birth. Part I—Premature births without complications of pregnancy (1957) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp, 64, pp. 161-184; Emanuel, I., Maternal health during childhood and later repro‐ ductive performance (1986) Ann NY Acad Sei, 447, pp. 27-38; Emanuel, L, Haie, C.B., Berg, C.J., Poor birth outcomes of American black women; An alternative explanation (1989) J Public Health Policy, 10, pp. 299-308; Hackman, E., Emanuel, L, Van Belle, G., Daling, J., Maternal birthweight and subsequent pregnancy outcome (1983) JAMA, 250, pp. 2016-2019; Hytten, E.E., Long‐term consequences of fetal deprivation. Commentary (1990) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 97, pp. 665-666; Illsley, R., Social dass selection and dass differences in relation to stillbirths and infant deaths (1955) Br Med J, 2, pp. 1523-1524; (1984) Low Birthweight; A Medical, Psychological and Social Study, , Illsley R., Mitchell R. G., (eds)., Wiley, New York; Johnstone, F., Inglis, L., Familial trends in low birth weight (1974) Br Med J, 3, pp. 659-661; Kapur, S., Kumar, G., Mammen, K.C., Jesudian, G., Height and weight of South Indian women of childbearing age and their effect on birthweight and length of the baby (1971) Indian J Med Res, 59, pp. 1480-1488; Kermack, W.D., McKendrick, A.G., McKinlay, P.L., Death rates in Great Britain and Sweden. Some general regularities and their significance (1934) Lancet, 1, pp. 698-703; Klebanoff, M.A., Graubard, B.L, Kesseil, S.S., Berendes, H.W., Low birthweight across generations (1984) JAMA, 252, pp. 2423-2427; Klebanoff, M.A., Yip, R., Influence of maternal birthweight on rate of fetal growth and duration of gestation (1987) J Pediatr, 111, pp. 287-292; Klebanoff, M.A., Mierik, O., Berendes, H.W., Second gener‐ ation consequences of small‐for‐dates birth (1989) Pediatrics, 84, pp. 343-347; Knight, L., Eldridge, J., The Heights and Weights of Adults in Great Britain (1984) Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Social Survey Division, , Publication No. ISBN 0‐11‐691114X, Her Maj‐ esty's Stationery Office, London; Langhoff‐Roos, J., Lindmark, G., Gustavson, K.‐H., Gebre‐Medhin, M., Mierik, O., Relative effect of parental birthweight on infant birthweight at term (1987) Clin Genet, 32, pp. 240-248; Lechtig, A, Delgado, H., Lasky, R., Yarborough, C, Klein, R.E., Habicht, J.‐P., Behar, M., Maternal nutrition and fetal growth in developing countries (1975) Am J Dis Child, 129, pp. 553-556; Little, R.E., Sing, C.F., Genetic and environmental influences on human birthweight (1987) Am J Hum Genet, 40, pp. 512-526; Martorell, R., Delgado, H.L., Valverde, V., Klein, R.E., Maternal stature, fertility, and infant mortality (1981) Hum Biol, 53, pp. 303-312; Ounsted, M., Ounsted, C., Rate of intrauterine growth (1968) Noture, 220, pp. 599-600; Ounsted, M., Ounsted, C., On fetal growlh rate (1973) Clin Dev Med, 46, pp. 65-68; Shepherd, P.M., The National Child Development Study. An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection (1985) National Child Development Study User Support Group, , Working Paper No. l, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Singer, B., Blake, L., Wolfsdorf, J., Comparative study of Afri‐ can and white liveborn infants (1973) S Afr Med J, 47, pp. 2399-2402; Thomson, A.M., Maternal stature and reproductive efficiency (1959) Eugen Rev, 51, pp. 157-162; Toth, R, Keszen, K., Mehes, K., Maternal regulation of fetal growth (1983) Acta Paediatr Hung, 24, pp. 37-48; Wedge, P., Alberman, E., Goldstein, H., Health and height in children (1970) New Society, 16, pp. 1044-1045 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026565995&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1992.tb14396.x&partnerID=40&md5=0fd0870990d4baa2a746e0ca840e28ca ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asthma from birth to age 23: Incidence and relation to prior and concurrent atopic disease T2 - Thorax J2 - Thorax VL - 47 IS - 7 SP - 537 EP - 542 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1136/thx.47.7.537 SN - 00406376 (ISSN) AU - Anderson, H.R. AU - Pottier, A.C. AU - Strachan, D.P. AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom AB - Background Few studies present prospective data on the incidence of asthma. Its associations with sex and with prior and concurrent hay fever and eczema were examined in a nationally representative sample followed from birth to 23 years of age (British 1958 birth cohort). Methods Reports of asthma or wheezy bronchitis, hay fever and eczema were obtained by interview of parents of children at ages 7, 11, and 16 years, and of cohort members at age 23 years. Linked data from all four interviews were available on 7225 subjects (43% of the original birth cohort). Results The cumulative incidence of asthma or wheezy bronchitis was 18-2%, 21-8%, 24-5%, and 28-6% by the ages of 7, 11, 16, and 23 years respectively. Over the four incidence periods examined (0 to 7 years, 8 to 11 years, 12 to 16 years, 17 to 23 years) the average annual incidence of new cases was 2-6%, 1-1%, 0-71%, and 0-76% respectively. The male:female incidence ratio rose from 1-23 in the 0 to 7 year period to 1-48 at 12 to 16 years but had reversed to 0-59 at 17 to 23 years. A prior report of hay fever or eczema each increased the subsequent incidence of asthma or wheezy bronchitis by a factor of 1-7 to 2-0 independently of sex. This effect ofprior atopic illness, however, was largely explained by the strong independent association of incidence of asthma and wheezy bronchitis with atopic disease at the end of each incidence period (odds ratios 2-0 to 2 5 per atopic condition, p < 0-01). Conclusions Gender differences in the incidence of asthma or wheezy bronchitis vary with age and are not explained by atopy. The incidence of asthma or wheezy bronchitis can be predicted from a clinical history of hay fever or eczema but is more strongly associated with the presence of atopic disease at the time of onset. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - asthma KW - atopy KW - bronchitis KW - eczema KW - female KW - gender KW - hay fever KW - human KW - male KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Asthma KW - Bronchitis KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dermatitis, Atopic KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Hay Fever KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Regression Analysis KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Sex Factors PB - BMJ Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :246 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: THORA C2 - 1412098 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Anderson, H.R.; Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026764023&doi=10.1136%2fthx.47.7.537&partnerID=40&md5=82c177398fc0900a6ab7541a4114cfe5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The contrasting effects of parental birthweight and gestational age on the birthweight of offspring T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 134 EP - 144 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00755.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Alberman, E. AU - Emanuel, I. AU - Filakti, H. AU - Evans, S.J.W. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Epidemiology, Child Development and Mental Retardation Center, University of Washington, United States AD - Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, London, United Kingdom AB - Summary. Investigations on intergenerational effects on birthweight have been carried out using the data of the 1958 British National Birthday Trust Fund cohort and its follow‐up to 23 years, the National Child Development Study (NCDS‐4), which included information on all births to cohort members by that age. This report is directed particularly at ascertaining the independent effect of parental gestational age on babies' birthweight. The two main findings are a direct association between parental and offspring birthweight (significant for both mothers and fathers after allowing for confounding factors), but an inverse association with parental gestational age (significant only for the mothers). It is postulated that at least part of this effect is mediated through the association between maternal fetal growth rate and their babies' birthweight; the faster the rate the shorter the gestational age for a given birthweight. It was not possible to ascertain what part genetic factors played in this relationship. Larger and more informative intergenerational studies are needed to further knowledge on this question. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - birth weight KW - female KW - fetus growth KW - follow up KW - gestational age KW - human KW - male KW - multiple regression KW - normal human KW - parent KW - progeny KW - united kingdom KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Gestational Age KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Regression Analysis KW - Sex Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Vital Statistics N1 - Cited By :47 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1584716 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Alberman, E.; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Kline, J., Stein, Z., Susser, M., (1989) Conception to Birth, , Oxford:, Oxford University Press; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality. The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh:, E & S Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh:, E & S Livingstone; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Intergenerational studies of human birth weight from the 1958 Birth Cohort. I. Evidence for a multi‐generation effect (1992) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 99, pp. 67-74; Emanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Intergenerational studies of human birthweight from the 1958 birth cohort. II. Are births to twins as heavy as those to singletons British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: submitted; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London:, Social Statistics User Group, City University; Aitkin, M., Anderson, D., Francis, B., (1989) Statistical Modelling in GLIM, , Oxford:, Clarendon Press; Hackman, E., Emanuel, I., van Belle, G., Maternal birth weight and subsequent pregnancy outcome (1983) Journal of the American Medical Association, 250, pp. 2016-2019; Carr‐Hill, R., Campbell, D.M., Hall, M.H., Is birthweight determined genetically (1987) British Medical Journal, 295, pp. 687-689; Ounsted, M.A., Scott, A., Ounsted, C., Transmission through the female line of a mechanism constraining fetal growth (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 12, pp. 143-151; Klebanoff, M.A., Graubard, B.I., Kessel, S.S., Low birthweight across generations (1984) Journal of the American Medical Association, 252, pp. 2423-2427; Klebanoff, M.A., Yip, R., Influence of maternal birth weight on rate of fetal growth and duration of gestation (1987) Journal of Pediatrics, 111, pp. 287-292; Klebanoff, M.A., Meirik, O., Berendes, H.W., Second‐generation consequence of small‐for‐dates (1989) Pediatrics, 84, pp. 386-401; Fleisher, A., Shulman, H., Farmakides, G., Antepartum nonstress test and the postmature pregnancy (1985) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 66, pp. 80-83; Migone, A., Emanuel, I., Mueller, B., Gestational duration and birthweight in White, Black and mixed‐race babies (1991) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 5, pp. 378-391; Morton, N.E., Genetic aspects of prematurity (1977) The Epidemiology of Prematurity, pp. 213-230. , Editors:, D. M. Reed, F. J. Stanley,. Baltimore:, Urban & Schwarzenberg; Robson, E.B., The genetics of birthweight (1978) Human Growth: I. Principles and Prenatal Growth, pp. 285-297. , Editors:, F. Falkner, J. M. Tanner,. New York:, Plenum Press; Little, R.E., Mothers and fathers birthweight as predictors of infant birthweight (1987) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 1, pp. 19-31; Wilcox, A., Russell, I., Why small black infants have a lower mortality rate than small white infants. The case for population‐specific standards for birthweight (1990) Journal of Pediatrics, 116, pp. 7-10 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026551171&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1992.tb00755.x&partnerID=40&md5=4ba19e06a753240e04ddde6f3f801f9d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth order and health status in a british national sample T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 34 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1017/S0021932000006775 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Kaplan, B.A. AU - Boldsen, J. AD - Wayne State University, Detroit, United States AD - University of Cambridge, University of Odense, United States AB - Analysis of British National Child Development Study data corroborates the long held views that first born children tend to get more medical surveillance than those of later birth order, and that there is a direct relationship between achieved family size and social status. © 1992, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - birth order KW - child KW - child development KW - childhood disease KW - cohort analysis KW - family size KW - health status KW - human KW - immunization KW - major clinical study KW - socioeconomics KW - united kingdom KW - Bacterial And Fungal Diseases KW - Biology KW - Birth Order KW - Child Health KW - Child Health Services KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Delivery Of Health Care KW - Developed Countries KW - Diseases KW - Economic Factors KW - England KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Relationships KW - Health KW - Health Services KW - Immunization KW - Infections KW - Maternal-child Health Services KW - Methodological Studies KW - Northern Europe KW - Physiology KW - Primary Health Care KW - Pulmonary Effects KW - Research Methodology KW - Respiratory Insufficiency KW - Scotland KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - United Kingdom KW - Wales KW - Absenteeism KW - Birth Order KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Discriminant Analysis KW - Family Characteristics KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Human KW - Immunization KW - Infant KW - Population Surveillance KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1737812 LA - English N1 - References: Behrman, J.R., Nutrition, health, birth order and seasonality (1988) J. dev. Econ., 28, p. 43; Bogin, B., Patterns of Human Growth (1988), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Condon-Paoloni, D., Cravioto, J., Johnston, F.E., De Licardie, E.R., Scholl, T.O., Morbidity and growth of infants and young children in a rural Mexican village (1977) Am. J.publ Hlth, 67, p. 651; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., From Birth to Seven (1972), Longman London; Dewalt, K.M., Kelly, P.B., Pelto, G.H., Nutritional correlates of economic microdifferentiation in a highland Mexican community (1980) Nutritional Anthropology: Contemporary Approaches to Diet and Culture, p. 205. , Edited by J. W. Jerome, R. F. Kandel & G. H. Pelto. Redgrave, Pleasantville, New York; Eveleth, P.M., Tanner, J.M., Worldwide Variation in Human Growth (1990), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Fogelman, K., Growing up in Great Britain (1983), Macmillan, London; Foxman, B., Fredrichs, R.R., Becht, J.N., Health status of (Quechua) migrants (1984) Hum. Biol., 56, p. 129; Horton, S., Child nutrition and family size in the Philippines (1986) J. dev. Econ., 27, p. 55; Horton, S., Birth order and child nutritional status: evidence from the Philippines (1988) Econ. Dev. cult. Change, 36, p. 341; Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial factors in the epidemiology of childhood asthma in a British national sample (1985) J. Epidemiol. comm. Hlth, 39, p. 152; Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Asthma and wheezy bronchitis in a British national sample (1987) J. Asthma, 24, p. 289; Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Asthma and wheezy bronchitis in adolescents: biosocial correlates (1988) J. Asthma, 25, p. 125; Mueller, W.H., Parent-child correlations for stature and weight among school aged children: a review of 24 studies (1976) Hum. Biol., 48, p. 379; Mueller, W.H., Sibling correlations in growth and adult morphology in a rural Colombian population (1977) Ann. hum. Biol., 4, p. 133; Puffer, R.R., Serrano, C.V., Patterns of Childhood Mortality (1973) Pan American Health Organisation, Publication, (262). , Washington, DC; Russell, M., The relationship of family size and spacing to the growth of preschool Mayan children in Guatemala (1976) Am. J. Publ. Hlth, 66, p. 1165; Stinson, S., The interrelationship of mortality and fertility in rural Bolivia (1982) Hum. Biol., 54, p. 299; Zajonc, R.B., Family configuration and intelligence (1976) Science, N.Y., 192, p. 227 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026543189&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932000006775&partnerID=40&md5=d13972b774a5f75926cbdd983f9da832 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE EDUCATIONAL ANTECEDENTS OF TEEN FATHERHOOD T2 - British Journal of Educational Psychology J2 - Br. J. Educ. Psychol. VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 139 EP - 147 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1992.tb01007.x SN - 00070998 (ISSN) AU - DEARDEN, K. AU - HALE, C. AU - ALVAREZ, J. AD - School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States AB - Summary. In attempting to identify the determinants of teen pregnancy, researchers have focused on risk factors for young women, largely ignoring teen fathers. This study examines the educational antecedents of teen fatherhood using the 1958 National Child Development Study. Results suggest that those less than 20 years old at onset of fatherhood are much more likely than those who had not fathered a child by age 23 to have experienced academic difficulties and that such difficulties antedate teen fatherhood by as much as a decade. Variables measuring parents' lack of interest in their sons' education were strongly associated with the risk of teen fatherhood as were teachers' negative assessment of boys' academic ability, and the boys' own desire to terminate education as early as possible. Social class was modestly important in explaining differences in educational experiences for teen fathers and non‐fathers. 1992 The British Psychological Society N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: HALE, C.; University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981982954&doi=10.1111%2fj.2044-8279.1992.tb01007.x&partnerID=40&md5=dc8d856f329a2837a95c511bb9138cde ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asthma and employment in young adults T2 - Thorax J2 - THORAX VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 24 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1136/thx.47.1.19 SN - 00406376 (ISSN) AU - Sibbald, B. AU - Anderson, H.R. AU - McGuigan, S. AD - Department General Practice, St George's Hospital Med. Sch., London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - Background - Little is known about the effect of asthma on employment. The relation between employment history at the age of 23 years and a history of asthma or wheeze was investigated in a controlled prospective study using data collected in the National Child Development Study, a longitudinal survey of all children born in the Unted Kingdom in one week in March 1958. Methods - Information about subjects' medical condition was collected at four ages (7, 11, 16, and 23 years) for the original cohort of 17,319 births. At 23 years information about employment and education was obtained for 12,534 subjects (72%), of whom 460 (4%) had current asthma or wheeze, 2,758 (22%) had past asthma or wheeze, and 5,161 (41%) had never had asthma or wheeze. The remaining subjects could not be classified accurately. Results - The risk of unemployment was higher in subjects with a current history of asthma or wheeze (odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.61) or a past history of asthma or wheeze (odds ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.27-1.85) than in those with no such history, after subjects' sex, region of birth, maximum educational qualification, and father's social class had been controlled for. Current and past asthma or wheezing illness predicted a worse employment history in terms of most of the outcomes examined, including mean percentage of months employed since leaving school, mean numbers of months in current full time job, mean percentage of months unemployment since leaving school, likelihood of being out of the labour force owing to long term illness, and the proportion attaining social groups 1-3. The differences from those who had never had asthma or a wheezing illness were, however, small and generally non-significant. Conclusion - Asthma has only a small adverse effect on employment in young adults. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - asthma KW - employment KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - school child N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: THORA C2 - 1539139 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Sibbald, B.; Department General Practice, St George's Hospital Med. Sch., London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026584490&doi=10.1136%2fthx.47.1.19&partnerID=40&md5=a6b246fe7b76e5ac048bdeb4e77b35f8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detecting break points in generalised linear models T2 - Computational Statistics and Data Analysis J2 - Comput. Stat. Data Anal. VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 461 EP - 471 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1016/0167-9473(92)90119-Z SN - 01679473 (ISSN) AU - Stasinopoulos, D.M. AU - Rigby, R.A. AD - School of Mathematical Sciences, the Polytechnic of North London, London, N7 8DB, United Kingdom AB - This paper describes the use of regression splines as a means of detecting a single break point in one of the variables of the linear predictor in generalised linear models. Poisson data concerning counts of AIDS cases and binomial data from the National Child Development Study are used to show the usefulness of the models. © 1992. KW - Break point KW - Generalised Linear Models KW - Linear predictor KW - Regression splines N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CSDAD LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Stasinopoulos, D.M.; School of Mathematical Sciences, the Polytechnic of North London, London, N7 8DB, United Kingdom N1 - References: Cox, (1988) Short-term prediction of HIV infection and AIDS in England and Wales: report of a working group (Chairman: Sir D. Cox), , Department of Health and the Welsh Office, HMSO, London; Cox, Medley, A process of events with notification delay and the forecasting of AIDS (1989) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 325, pp. 135-145. , B; Day, AIDS in England and Wales to end 1993 (1990) Projections using data to end September 1989: report of a working group (Chairman: Professor N.E. Day), , Public Health Laboratory Service, London; Gallant, Fuller, Fitting segmented polynomial regression models whose joint points have to be estimated (1973) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 68, pp. 144-147; Hamilton, Stasinopoulos, (1987) Literacy, numeracy and Adults, Evidence from the National Child Development Study, , The Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit, London; Hastie, Tibshirani, (1990) Generalized Additive Models, , Chapman and Hall, London; Nelder, Wedderburn, Generalized linear models (1972) J.R. Statist. Soc., 135, pp. 370-384. , A; Seber, Wild, (1989) Nonlinear Regression, , Wiley, New York; Smith, Splines: As a useful and convenient statistical tool (1979) The American Statistician, 33 (2), pp. 57-62; Stasinopoulos, Using GLIM to fit split-line curves (1988) GLIM Newsletter, 17, pp. 24-31; Stasinopoulos, Nicholls, Estimation of break point parameters using GLIM (1989) Statistical Modelling, pp. 293-300. , Decarli, Francis, Gilchrist, Seeber, Proceedings of GLIM 89, Springer, New York; Stasinopoulos, Rigby, GLIM macros to fit piecewise polynomials with one break point (1990) GLIM Newsletter, 20, pp. 18-24 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38249011116&doi=10.1016%2f0167-9473%2892%2990119-Z&partnerID=40&md5=5e7e53849d508ca9d7d4436b7b8abd88 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schizophrenia After Prenatal Exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945 T2 - Archives of General Psychiatry J2 - Arch. Gen. Psychiatry VL - 49 IS - 12 SP - 983 EP - 988 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010 SN - 0003990X (ISSN) AU - Susser, E.S. AU - Lin, S.P. AD - New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY., United States AD - Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States AB - We tested the hypothesis that first-trimester exposure to acute food deprivation is a risk factor for schizophrenia. A sharp and time-limited decline in the food intake of the Dutch population following a Nazi blockade in 1944 to 1945 created a unique if tragic natural experiment to test this hypothesis in three regions of Holland (west, north, and south). In the west, or famine region, birth cohorts exposed to severe food deprivation (an average daily ration under 4200 kJ) during the first trimester showed a substantial increase in hospitalized schizophrenia for women but not for men. Relative risks for women were 2.17 for "broad" and 2.56 for "restricted" schizophrenia. Moderate food deprivation during the first trimester (average daily ration under 6300 kJ) was not associated with increased risk of schizophrenia in the famine region. In the north and south regions, numbers were smaller and there was no exposure to severe famine. Birth cohorts exposed to moderate food deprivation during the first trimester showed a trend toward increased risk of schizophrenia for women. These findings give plausibility to the proposition that early prenatal nutrition can have a gender-specific effect on the risk of schizophrenia. © 1992, American Medical Association. All rights reserved. KW - adult KW - article KW - diagnosis KW - female KW - first trimester pregnancy KW - food deprivation KW - food intake KW - hospitalization KW - human KW - hunger KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - netherlands KW - prenatal exposure KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - schizophrenia KW - winter KW - Female KW - Human KW - Netherlands KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Trimester, First KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Seasons KW - Starvation KW - War N1 - Cited By :401 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1449385 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Susser, E.S.; New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 24, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States N1 - References: Pasamanick, B., Rogers, M.E., Lilienfeld, A.M., Pregnancy experience and the development of behaviour disorder in children (1956) Am J Psychiatry, 112, pp. 613-618; Murray, R., Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder? (1987) BMJ, 295, pp. 681-682; Lewis, S., Congenital risk factors for schizophrenia (1989) Psychol Med, 19, pp. 5-13; Goodman, R., Are complications of pregnancy and birth causes of schizophrenia? (1988) Dev Med Child Neurol, 30, pp. 391-395; Cannon, T.D., Mednick, S.A., Parnas, J., Genetic and perinatal determinants of structural brain deficits in schizophrenia (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 46, pp. 883-889; Ron, M.A., Harvey, I., The brain in schizophrenia (1990) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 53, pp. 725-726; Weinberger, D.R., Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, pp. 660-669; Mednick, S.A., Machon, R.A., Huttunen, M.O., Bonett, D., Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 45, pp. 189-192; Barr, C.E., Mednick, S.A., Munk-Jorgensen P. Exposure to influenza epidemics during gestation and adult schizophrenia: a 40-year study (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 47, pp. 869-874; Kendell, R.E., Kemp, I.W., Maternal influenza in the etiology of schizophrenia (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 46, pp. 878-882; O'Callaghan, E., Sham, P., Takei, N., Glover, G., Murray, R.M., Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 A2 influenza epidemic (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1248-1250; McNeil, T.F., Kaji, L., Obstetric factors in the development of schizophrenia: complications in the birth of preschizophrenics and in reproduction by schizophrenic parents (1978) The Nature of Schizophrenia, pp. 401-429. , In: Wynne LC, Cromwell RL, Matthysse S, eds. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc;; Jacobsen, B., Kinney, D.K., Perinatal complications in adopted and nonadopted schizophrenics and their controls: preliminary results (1980) Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, 285, pp. 337-346; Parnas, J., Schulsinger, F., Teasdale, T.W., Schulsinger, H., Feldman, P.M., Mednick, S.A., Perinatal complications and clinical outcome within the schizophrenia spectrum (1982) Br J Psychiatry, 140, pp. 416-420; Lewis, S.W., Murray, R.M., Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance and risk of schizophrenia (1987) J Psychiatr Res, 21, pp. 413-421; Eagles, J.M., Gibson, I., Bremner, M.H., Clunie, F., Ebmeier, K.P., Smith, N.C., Obstetric complications in DSM-III schizophrenics and their siblings (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 1139-1141; Dalen, P., Schizophrenia, season of birth and maternal age (1988) Br J Psychiatry, 153, pp. 727-733; Bradbury, T.N., Miller, G.A., Season of birth in schizophrenia: a review of evidence, methodology, and etiology (1985) Psychol Bull, 98, pp. 569-594; Huttunen, M., Niskanen, P., Prenatal loss of father and psychiatric disorders (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 35, pp. 429-431; Garmezy, N., Children at risk: the search for the antecedents of schizophrenia, I: conceptual models and research methods (1973) Schizophr Bull, 7, pp. 14-90; Andreasen, N.C., Swayze, V.W., Flaum, M., Yates, W.R., Arndt, S., McChesney, C., Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia evaluated with computed tomographic scanning: effects of gender, age, and stage of illness (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 47, pp. 1008-1015; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Saenger, G., Marolla, F., (1975) Famine and Human Development: The Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-45, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press;; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Saenger, G., Marolla, F., Nutrition and mental performance (1973) Science, 178, pp. 708-713; Burger, G.C.E., Drummond, J.C., Sandstead, H.R., (1948) Malnutrition and Starvation in Western Netherlands: September 1944-July 1945, , eds. Hague, the Netherlands: General State Printing Office;; Breunis, J., The food supply (1946) Ann Am Acad Political Soc Sci, 245, pp. 87-92; Banning, C., Food shortage and public health, first half of 1945 (1946) Ann Am Acad Political Soc Sci, 245, pp. 93-110; Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 131-137; Kline, J., Stein, Z., Susser, M., (1989) Conception to Birth: Epidemiology of Prenatal Development, p. 14. , Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press;; Goldestein, J., Tsuang, M., Gender and schizophrenia (1990) Schizophr Bull, 16, pp. 179-344. , (special issue): eds; (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to Their Classification in Accordance With the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization;; Lumey, L.H., Stam, G.A., Menkveld, H., Koppe, J.G., A cohort study of survival of women after in utero and neonatal exposure to the Dutch famine of 1944-45 (1988), In: Program and abstracts of the 11th European Congress of Perinatal Medicine; April 10-13,Rome, Italy. Vol 2. Pages 755-757; Wiersma, D., Giel, R., DeJong, A., Slooff, C.J., Social class and schizophrenia in a Dutch cohort (1983) Psychol Med, 13, pp. 141-150; Lumey, L.H., (1988) Obstetric Performance of Women After In Utero Exposure to the Dutch Famine (1944-45), , New York, NY: Columbia UniversityDissertation; Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F.L., Ehrhardt, A.A., Endicott, J., Veridiano, N.P., Whitehead, E.D., Vann, F.H., Depression in adults with a history of prenatal DES exposure (1985) Psychopharmacol Bull, 21, pp. 686-689; Vessey, M.P., Fairweather, D.V.I., Norman-Smith, B., Buckly, J., A randomized double-blind controlled trial of the value of stilboestrol therapy in pregnancy: long-term follow-up of mothers and their offspring (1983) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 90, pp. 1007-1017; Susser, E., Susser, M., Genetic epidemiology of psychiatric disorders: examples from schizophrenia (1992) Psychiatry, pp. 1-12. , In: Michaels R, ed. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; Milunsky, A., Jick, H., Jick, S., Bruell, C., MacLaughlin, D.S., Rothman, K.J., Willett, W., Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects (1989) JAMA, 262, pp. 2847-2852; Goldstein, J.M., Faraone, S.V., Chen, W.J., Tolomiczencko, G.S., Tsuang, M.T., Sex differences in the familial transmission of schizophrenia (1990) Br J Psychiatry, 156, pp. 819-826; Done, D.J., Johnstone, E.C., Frith, C.D., Golding, J., Shepherd, P.M., Crow, T.J., Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: data from the British Perinatal Mortality Survey Sample (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1576-1580 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026496482&doi=10.1001%2farchpsyc.1992.01820120071010&partnerID=40&md5=a1517c1f3ab98599dbd1bf677fc02da9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spinal arteriovenous malformations and subarachnoid haemorrhage T2 - British Journal of Neurosurgery J2 - Br. J. Neurosurg. VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 12 PY - 1992 DO - 10.3109/02688699209002895 SN - 02688697 (ISSN) AU - Shephard, R.H. AD - Trent Regional Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom AB - Seventy patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) referred to the author over a 25-year period (1958-82), were equally divided between congenital, intradural and acquired, dural lesions. Amongst the intradural AVMs, were 22 with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), a presenting feature in 18. The clinical findings in these 22 patients are tabulated, the radiological and operative findings indicated, and an account given of the overall outcome. Early operation is recommended, with a good prognosis and pevention of further haemorrhage in most cases. An extended follow-up has been maintained. The influence of menstruation, pregnancy and the puerperium on AVM symptoms is described. © 1992 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Pregnancy KW - Spinal arteriovenous malformation KW - Subarachnoid haemorrhage KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - angiography KW - arteriovenous malformation KW - article KW - clinical article KW - epilepsy KW - female KW - follow up KW - hemiparesis KW - human KW - male KW - menstruation KW - morbidity KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - prognosis KW - puerperium KW - subarachnoid hemorrhage KW - Adult KW - Arteriovenous Malformations KW - Case Report KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Menstruation KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Puerperium KW - Recurrence KW - Spinal Cord KW - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BJNEE C2 - 1562300 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Shephard, R.H.; The Oaks, 776 Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 2AP, United Kingdom N1 - References: Rosenblum, B., Oldfield, E.H., Doppman, J.L., Dichiro, G., Spinal arteriovenous malformations: a comparison of dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural AVMs in 81 patients (1987) J Neurosurg, 67, pp. 795-802; Aminoff, M.J., Logue, V., Clinical features of spinal vascular malformations (1974) Brain, 97, pp. 197-210; Aminoff, M.J., Barnard, R.O., Lope, V., The pathophysiol-ogy of spinal vascular malformations (1974) J Neurol Sci, 23, pp. 255-263; Aminoff, M.J., Logue, V., The prognosis of patients with spinal vascular malformations (1974) Brain, 97, pp. 211-218; Logue, V., Aminoff, M.J., Kendall, B.E., Results of surgical treatment for patients with a spinal angioma (1974) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, pp. 1074-1081; Oldfield, E.H., Di Chiro, G., Quindlen, E.A., Successful treatment of a group of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations by interruption of dural fistula (1983) J Neurosurg, 59, pp. 1019-1030; Symon, L., Kuyama, H., Kendall, B., Dural arteriovenous malformations of spine (1984) J Neurosurg, 60, pp. 238-247; Michon, P., Le coup de poignard rachidien: symptome initial de certaines hbmorragies sous-arachnoidiennes: essai sur les hemorragies meningees spinales (1928) Presse Med, 36, pp. 964-966; Wyburn-Mason, R., (1943) Vascular Abnormalities and Tumours of the Spinal Cord and its Membranes., , Henry Kimpton, London; Henson, R.A., Croft, P.B., Spontaneous spinal subarach-noid haemorrhae (1956) Q J Med, 97, pp. 63-66; Fincher, E.F., Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in intradural tumors of the lumbar sac: a clinical syndrome (1951) J Neurosurg, pp. 8576-8584; Walton, J.N., (1956) Subarachnoid haemorrhage., , E. S. Livingstone, Edinburgh; Balch, A., A case of angioma of the spinal cord with recurrent haemorrhage (1990) Br Med J, 11, pp. 1707-1708; Frey, L., Étude anatoma—clinique d'un cas d'anburisme cirsoide de la moelle épinière (1928) Ann Anat Pathol, 5, pp. 971-979; Robertson, E.G., A case of arterial angioma of the spinal cord (1938) Med J Aust, 2, p. 384; Gilbert, I., Angioma venosum racernosum with angio-matous lesions of skin and omentum (1952) Br Med J, 1, pp. 468-470; Clark, J.M.P., Traumatic haematomyellia from rupture of intramedullary angioma: report of a case (1954) J Bone Jt Surg, 36B, pp. 418-422; Hook, O., Lidvall, H., Arteriovenous aneurysms of the spinal cord (1958) J Neurosurg, pp. 1584-1591; Newman, M.J.D., Racemose angioma of the spinal cord (1959) Q J Med, 28, pp. 97-108; Odom, G.L., Vascular lesions of the spinal cord malformations, spinal subarachnoid and extradural haemorrhage (1960) Clin Neurosurg, 8, pp. 196-234; Antoni, N., Spinal vascular malformations (angiomas) and myelomalacia (1962) Neurology, 12, pp. 795-804; Shephard, R.H., Observations on intradural spinal angioma: treatment by excision (1963) Neurochirurgia, 6, pp. 58-74; Hopkins, C.A., Wilkie, F.L., Voris, D.C., Extramedullary aneurysm of the spinal cord (1966) J Neurosurg, 24, pp. 1021-1023; Bailey, W.L., Sperl, M.P., Angiomas of the cervical spinal cord (1969) J Neurosurg, pp. 30560-30568; Kunc, Z., Bret, J., Diagnosis and treatment of vascular malformations of the spinal cord (1969) J Neurosurg, 30, pp. 436-445; Krayenbühl, H., Yaşargil, M.G., McClintock, H.C., Treatment of spinal cord vascular malformations by surgical excision (1969) J Neurosurg, 30, pp. 427-435; Kaufman, H.H., Ommaya, A.K., Di Chiro, G., Compression v. “steal”: the pathogenesis of symptoms in AVMs of the spinal cord (1970) Arch Neurol, 23, pp. 173-178; Herdt, J.R., Dichiro, G., Doppman, J.L., Combined arterial and arteriovenous aneurysms of the spinal cord (1971) Radiology, pp. 99589-99593; Ludv, J., Ringkjop, R., Intraspinal vascular malformations (1973) J Oslo City Hospitals, 23, pp. 3-13; Pia, H.W., Diagnosis and treatment of spinal angiomas (1973) Acta Neurochirurgia, 28, pp. 1-12; Kaplan, P., Hollenberg, R.D., Fraser, F.C., A spinal arteriovenous malformation with hereditary cutaneous hemangiomas (1976) Am J Dis Child, 130, pp. 1329-1331; Parkinson, D., West, M., Spontaneous SAH, first from intracranial and then from intraspinal AVM: case report (1977) J Neurosurg, 47, pp. 965-968; Avman, N., Ozkal, E., Gokben, B., Aneurysm and AVM of the spinal cord. Case report (1979) Surg Neurol, 11, pp. 5-6; Shephard, R.H., Vaidya, J.P., Spinal SAH; 30 cases; mainly from AVMs (1979) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, 42, p. 962; Scarff, T.B., Reigel, D.H., Arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord in children (1979) Child's Brain, 5, pp. 341-351; Robinson, J.L., Hall, C.J., Sedzimir, C.B., Subarachnoid hemorrhage in pregnancy (1972) J Neurosurg, 36, pp. 27-33; Delmas-Marsalet, P., Poussees evolutives gravidiques et image lipiodolee characteristique des hemangiomes medullaires (1941) Pr Med, 49, pp. 964-965; Newman, M.J.D., Spinal angioma with symptoms in pregnancy (1958) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, 21, pp. 38-41; Newquist, R.E., Mayfield, F.H., Spinal angioma presenting during pregnancy (1960) J Neurosurg, pp. 17541-17545; Martin, R.A., Howard, F.M., Spinal cord vascular malformations with symptoms during menstruation (1977) J Neurosurg, 47, pp. 626-629; Djindjian, R., Embolization of angiomas of the spinal cord (1975) Surg Neurol, 4, pp. 411-420; Theron, J., Cosgrove, R., Spinal AVMs advances in therapeutic embolization (1986) Radiology, 158, pp. 163-169; Hall, W., Oldfield, E., Doppman, J.L., Recanalization of spinal AVMs following embolization (1989) J Neurosurg, 70, pp. 714-720; Eldridge, P.R., Holland, I.M., Punt, J.A., Spinal arterioven-sous malformations in children (1989) Br J Neurosurg, 3, pp. 393-397 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026599822&doi=10.3109%2f02688699209002895&partnerID=40&md5=1de5c8b2748f8af70329853dab441382 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MATERNAL SMOKING AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE T2 - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology J2 - Dev. Med. Child Neurol. VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 191 EP - 197 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1992.tb14992.x SN - 00121622 (ISSN) AU - Tong, S. AU - McMichael, A.J. AD - National Health Education Institute, Beijing, 100013, China AD - Department of Community Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia KW - animal KW - chronic brain disease KW - female KW - human KW - indoor air pollution KW - infant KW - neuropsychological test KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - review KW - risk factor KW - smoking KW - academic achievement KW - adult KW - animal experiment KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - data analysis KW - demography KW - fetus KW - learning disorder KW - methodology KW - mother KW - neuropsychology KW - passive smoking KW - postnatal development KW - priority journal KW - smoking KW - socioeconomics KW - Animal KW - Brain Damage, Chronic KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Smoking KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - tobacco smoke N1 - Cited By :41 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus C2 - 1559599 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Tong, S.; Division of Human Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, P.O. Box 10041, Gouger Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia N1 - References: (1987) The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking: a Report of Surgeon General, pp. 17-118. , (Publication no. DHHS, CDC) 87–8398. Washington, DC:, Government Printing Office; Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Hebel, J.R., Prenatal exposure to tobacco. I: Effects on physical growth at age three (1990) International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, pp. 66-71; Lam, T.H., Passive smoking in perspective (1989) Medical Toxicology and Adverse Drug Experience, 4, pp. 153-162; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Florey, D.V., Exposure to cigarette smoking and children's growth (1985) International Journal of Epidemiology, 14, pp. 402-409; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), , Harlow, Longman in association with the National Children's Bureau; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-575; Landesman‐Dwyer, S., Emanuel, I., Smoking during pregnancy (1979) Teratology, 19, pp. 119-126; Fogelman, K.R., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent development of the child (1980) Child: Care, Health and Development, 6, pp. 233-249; Fogelman, K.R., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) British Medical Journal, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Rantakallio, P., A follow‐up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1983) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 72, pp. 747-753; Rantakallio, P., Koiranen, M., Neurological handicaps among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1987) Preventive Medicine, 16, pp. 597-606; Sexton, M., Fox, N.L., Hebel, J.R., Prenatal exposure to tobacco. II: Effects on cognitive functioning at age three (1990) International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, pp. 72-77; Baghurst, P.A., Tong, S.L., Woodward, A., McMichael, A.J., (1992), ‘Effects of maternal smoking upon neuropsychological development in early childhood: importance of taking account of social and environmental factors. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology (in press); Hunt, J.V., Environmental risks in fetal and neonatal life as biological determinants of infant intelligence (1983) Origins of Intelligence, , Lewis, M., 2nd Edn., New York:, Plenum Press; Yerushalmy, J., The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy; implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations (1971) American Journal of Epidemiology, 93, pp. 443-456; Fried, P.A., Makin, J.E., Neonatal behavioural correlates of prenatal exposure to marihuana, cigarettes and alcohol in a low risk population (1987) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 9, pp. 1-7; Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., 36‐ and 48‐month neurobehavioral follow‐up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol (1990) Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 11, pp. 49-58; Nichols, P.L., Chen, T.C., (1981) Minimal Brain Dysfunction: a Prospective Study, , Hillsdale, NJ:, Lawrence Erlbaum; Naeye, R.L., Peters, E.C., Mental development of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1984) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 64, pp. 601-607; Hardy, J.B., Mellits, E.D., Does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a long‐term effect on the child? (1972) Lancet, 2, pp. 1332-1336; Donovan, J.W., Effect on child of maternal smoking during pregnancy (1983) Lancet, 1, p. 376; Dunn, H.G., McBurney, A.K., Hunter, C.M., Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the child's subsequent development. II: Neurological and intellectual maturation to the age of 6½ years (1977) Canadian Journal of Public Health, 68, pp. 43-50; Picone, T.A., Allen, L.H., Olsen, P.N., Ferris, M.E., Pregnancy outcome in North American women. II: Effects of diet, cigarette smoking, stress, and weight gain on placentas, and on neonatal physical and behavioral characteristics (1982) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 36, pp. 1214-1224; Martin, J., Martin, D.C., Lund, C.A., Streissguth, A.P., Maternal alcohol ingestion and cigarette smoking and their effects on newborn conditioning (1977) Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1, pp. 243-247; Rothman, K.J., (1987) Modern Epidemiology, pp. 84-89. , Boston:, Little, Brown; Wu‐Williams, A.H., Samet, J.M., Environmental tobacco smoke: exposure‐response relationships in epidemiologic studies (1990) Risk Analysis, 10, pp. 39-48; Mussen, P.H., Conger, J.J., Kagan, J., (1969) Readings in Child Development and Personality, pp. 64-95. , 3rd Edn,. New York:, Harper & Row; Kiely, J.L., Some conceptual problems in multivariable analyses of perinatal mortality (1991) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 5, pp. 243-257; Martin, J.C., Becker, R.F., The effects of maternal nicotine absorption or hypoxic episodes upon appetitive behavior of rat offspring (1971) Developmental Psychobiology, 4, pp. 133-147; Peters, D.A.V., Taub, H., Tang, S., Postnatal effects of maternal nicotine exposure (1979) Neurobehavioral Toxicology, 1, pp. 221-225; Genedani, S., Bernardini, M., Bertolini, A., Sex‐linked differences in avoidance learning in the offspring of rats treated with nicotine during pregnancy (1983) Psychopharmacology, 80, pp. 93-95; Hudson, D.B., Meisami, E., Timiras, P.S., Brain development in offspring of rats treated with nicotine during pregnancy (1973) Experientia, 15, pp. 286-288; Hagino, N., Lee, J.W., Effect of maternal nicotine on the development of sites for nicotine binding in the fetal brain (1985) International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 3, pp. 567-571; Lichtensteiger, W., Ribary, U., Schlumpf, M., Odermatt, B., Widmer, R., Prenatal adverse effects of nicotine on the developing brain (1988) Progress in Brain Research, 73, pp. 137-157; Morse, D.E., Neuroendocrine responses to nicotine and stress: enhancement of peripheral stress responses by the administration of nicotine (1989) Psychopharmacology, 98, pp. 539-543; Slotkin, T.A., Orband‐Miller, L., Queen, K.L., Whitmore, W.L., Seider, F.J., Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on biochemical development of rat brain regions: maternal drug infusions via osmotic minipumps (1987) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 240, pp. 602-611; Joshko, M.A., Dreosti, I.E., Tulsi, R.S., The teratogenic effects of nicotine in vitro in rats: a light‐ and electron‐microscope study (1991) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 13, pp. 307-316; Leaderer, B.P., Assessing exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (1990) Risk Analysis, 10, pp. 19-26 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026612667&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1992.tb14992.x&partnerID=40&md5=247a98dc7d0e340ea3ef9d5dc1db62f5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting the duration of childhood asthma: Introduction T2 - Journal of Asthma J2 - J. Asthma VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 48 PY - 1992 DO - 10.3109/02770909209110639 SN - 02770903 (ISSN) AU - Kaplan, B.A. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States AD - University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom AB - Previous research has demonstrated that a large number of biosocial factors associate with childhood asthma. These include family size, parental age, socioeconomic status, sex of the child, and allergy-related conditions including hayfever and eczema (1-7). Many of the previous studies have been cross-sectional and they have not been concerned with the duration and longitudinal pattern of asthma (3,8-11). © 1992 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - allergy KW - article KW - asthma KW - child KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - prediction KW - priority journal KW - Adolescent KW - Asthma KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Discriminant Analysis KW - Eczema KW - Hay Fever KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Prevalence KW - Prognosis KW - Risk Factors KW - Skin Diseases KW - Time Factors PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOUAD C2 - 1544883 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kaplan, B.A.; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States N1 - References: Blair, H., Natural history of childhood asthma (1977) Arch Dis Child, 52, pp. 613-619; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven. Studies in Childhood Development., , Humanities Press, New York; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain., , National Children's Bureau, London; Martin, A.J., McLennan, L.A., Landau, L.I., Phelan, P.D., The natural history of childhood asthma to adult life (1980) Br Med J, 4, pp. 1397-1400; Mc Nichol, K.N., Williams, H.H., Spectrum of asthma in childhood I. Clinical and physiological components (1969) Br Med J, 4, pp. 321-325; Mc Nichol, K.N., Williams, H.H., Spectrum of asthma in childhood II. Allergic components (1973) Br Med J, 4, pp. 12-16; Peckham, C., Butler, N., A national sample of asthma in childhood (1978) J Epidemiol Comm Health, 32, pp. 79-85; Dawson, B., Horobin, G., Illsley, R., Mitchell, R., A survey of childhood asthma in Aberdeen (1969) Lancet, 1, pp. 827-830; Mitchell, R.D., Dawson, B., Educational and social characteristics of children with asthma (1973) Arch Dis Child, 48, pp. 467-471; Rawls, D.J., Rawls, J.R., Harrison, C.W., An investigation of 6 to 11 year old children with allergic disorders (1972) J Consult Clin Psychol, 36, pp. 260-264; Thornly, P.E., Dawson, K.P., On the prevalence of asthma and wheeziness in Scotland and New Zealand (1983) Br Med J, 286, pp. 890-891; Williams, H., McNichol, K.N., Prevalence, natural history and relationship of wheezy bronchitis and asthma in children: An epidemiological study (1969) Br Med J, 4, pp. 321-325; Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial factors in the epidemiology of childhood asthma in a British national sample (1985) Br J Epidemiol Comm Health, 39, pp. 152-156; Kaplan, A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Asthma and wheezy bronchitis in a British national sample (1987) J Asthma, 24, pp. 289-296; Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Asthma and wheezy bronchitis in adolescents: biosocial correlates (1988) J Asthma, 25, pp. 125-129; Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial correlates of asthma in a national sample of young adults (1989) J Biosoc Sci, 21, pp. 475-482; Shepherd, P.M., (1983) NCDS (National Child Development Study) User Support Working Paper No. 1: Introduction to the background of the study and methods of data collection., , Nat Child Bureau, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026538418&doi=10.3109%2f02770909209110639&partnerID=40&md5=5c21b19b41a031bfdbfcc34918cc745e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differences in Height between Socially more and Less Privileged 10 year old Stockholm Children Born in 1933-1963 T2 - Scandinavian Journal of Public Health J2 - Scand. J. Public Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 10 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1177/140349489202000102 SN - 14034948 (ISSN) AU - Cernerud, L. AD - The Nordic School of Public Health, Göteborg, Sweden AB - The change of the difference in height between two socially extreme groups of 10 year old Stockholm children born in 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963 was analysed. Data on height and social conditions were taken from the school health records. The two groups were established on the basis of the father's occupation and the number of children in the family. The height of the 10 year old children in the more privileged group born in 1933, 1943 and 1953 was virtually unchanged, but the height in the less privileged group increased gradually. The difference between the two groups was levelled out in the 1953 cohort. However, it reappeared in the 1963 cohort, mainly as a result of increasing height in the more privileged group and fairly unchanged height in the less privileged group. © 1992, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. KW - 10 year old KW - father's occupation KW - Height KW - number of children in the family KW - schoolchildren KW - social inequalities N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cernerud, L.; The Nordic School of Public Health, P.O. Box 12133, S-40242, Göteborg, Sweden N1 - References: Lindgren, G.W., Cernerud, L., (1991) Physical growth and socioeconomic background of Stockholm schoolchildren born, , in 1933-63. Ann Hum Biol, (Accepted); Cernerud, L., The associations between height and some structural social variables (1991) Ann Hum Biol, , A study of 10 year old children in Stockholm during 40 years, (Accepted); Olsson, S.E., Social Policy and Welfare State in Sweden (1990) Social Policy and Welfare State in Sweden, , Lund Studies in Social Welfare: Lund; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children - results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Cernerud, L., Lindgren, G.W., (1991) Secular changes in height and weight of Stockholm schoolchildren born, , in 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963. Ann Hum Biol, (Accepted); (1982) Swedish socioeconomic classification (SEI), , Reports on Statistical Coordination 1982: 4. Stockholm: Statistics Sweden; (1985) SAS User's Guide, , Statistics, Version 5 Edition. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc; Köhler, L., Infant mortality: The Swedish experience (1991) Annu Rev Publ Health, 12, pp. 177-193; Cnattingius, S., Haglund, B., Effects of socio-economic factors on late fetal and infant mortality in Sweden (1990), Paper presented at the International Symposium on Perinatal and Infant Mortality. National Institute of Health, Bethesda; Tanner, J.M., A history of the study of human growth (1981) The rise of public health and the beginnings of auxological epidemiology, pp. 142-168. , Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sidney: Cambridge University Press; Tanner, J.M., Growth as a Mirror of the Conditions of Society: Secular Trends and Class Distinctions (1986) Human Growth: A multidisciplinary review, pp. 3-34. , Demirjian A Brault Dubuc M, London and Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br Med Bull, 37, pp. 265-272; Nyström, P.A.M., (1991) J Epidemiol Community Health, , Childhood environment, intergenerational mobility and adult health - evidence from Swedish data, Accepted); Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban school children in relation to socio-economic and regional factors (1976) Ann Hum Biol, 3, pp. 501-528; Le Grand J., Inequalities in health and health care: A research agenda (1986) Class and health. Research and longitudinal data, pp. 115-129. , Wadsworth RG, London and New York: Tavistock Publications; Illsley, R., Occupational class, selection and the production of inequalities in health (1986) Q J Soc Affairs, 2, pp. 151-165; Köhler, L., Jakobsson, G., Children's health in Sweden (1991) Children's health in Sweden, , An overview for the 1991 Public Health Report: Stockholm UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84965455359&doi=10.1177%2f140349489202000102&partnerID=40&md5=c51061bcac3f4076498c2d22e9e3e4b8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mother's Age, Birth Order and Health Status in a British National Sample T2 - Medical Anthropology J2 - Med. Anthr. Cross Cult. Stud. Health Illn. VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 353 EP - 367 PY - 1992 DO - 10.1080/01459740.1992.9966057 SN - 01459740 (ISSN) AU - Kaplan, B.A. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States AD - Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3D2, United Kingdom AB - Using data from a longitudinal study of a national sample of British children, it is shown that mother's age and experience with child rearing are related to the attention paid to the child's health. Younger mothers, whose children are usually the first born, tend to be more concerned with health care facility use than are older mothers of children born subsequently. Younger mothers more often take their child to infant and toddler clinics, and are more likely to have their child immunized against the most threatening of childhood diseases. It is also the younger mothers who more often seek medical care for their children in addition to that provided in the infant and toddler clinics, more often have their child in hospital overnight, and more often report the child to be sickly (less healthy) than do older mothers with several children. © 1992, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. KW - birth order KW - British national sample KW - child health KW - mother's age KW - spatial distribution KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - behavior KW - biology KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - body weight KW - child KW - child health care KW - child rearing KW - child welfare KW - Clinic Visits KW - Demographic Factors KW - demography KW - developed country KW - Economic Factors KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - Family Relationships KW - family size KW - female KW - Geographic Factors KW - health KW - health care delivery KW - health service KW - housing KW - human KW - immunization KW - infant KW - longitudinal study KW - maternal age KW - Maternal-child Health Services KW - newborn KW - Northern Europe KW - organization and management KW - parental age KW - physiology KW - population KW - population and population related phenomena KW - preschool child KW - primary health care KW - Program Activities KW - Programs KW - prospective study KW - Research Methodology KW - Research Report KW - Service Statistics KW - social class KW - social status KW - socioeconomics KW - Studies KW - United Kingdom KW - Age Factors KW - Behavior KW - Biology KW - Birth Order KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Weight KW - Child Health Services KW - Child Rearing KW - Clinic Visits KW - Delivery Of Health Care KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - England KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Relationships KW - Geographic Factors KW - Health KW - Health Services KW - Housing KW - Immunization KW - Maternal Age KW - Maternal-child Health Services KW - Northern Europe KW - Organization And Administration KW - Parental Age KW - Physiology KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Primary Health Care KW - Program Activities KW - Programs KW - Prospective Studies KW - Research Methodology KW - Research Report KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Scotland KW - Service Statistics KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Studies KW - United Kingdom KW - Wales KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Order KW - Child KW - Child Health Services KW - Child Welfare KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Immunization KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Maternal Age KW - Middle Age N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1545693 LA - English N1 - References: Adelstein, P., Fedrick, J., Antenatal Identification of Women at Increased Risk of Being Delivered of a Low Birthweight Infant (1978) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 85 (8), p. 11; Antonovsky, A., Bernstein, J., Social Class and Infant Mortality (1977) Social Science and Medicine, 11, p. 453; Baird, D., The Influence of Social and Economic Factors on Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths (1945) Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire, 52, p. 217; Environmental and Obstetric Factors in Prematurity with Special Reference to Experience in Aberdeen (1962) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 26, p. 291; Epidemiology of Low Birthweight and Changes in Mothers’ Education in Aberdeen (1972) Journal of Biosocial Science, 6, pp. 323-328; Baldwin, W., Cain, V., The Children of Teen Age Parents (1980) Family Planning Perspectives, 12, pp. 34-43; Blaxter, M., (1981) The Health of Children., , London: Heinemann Educational Books; Boone, M.S., Social and Cultural Factors in the Etiology of Low Birthweight Among Disadvantaged Blacks (1985) Social Science and Medicine, 20 (10), pp. 1001-1010; Boyce, W.T., Chesterman, E.A., Winkley, M.A., Psychological Predictors of Maternal and Infant Health Among Adolescent Mothers (1981) American Journal of Diseases of Childhood, 145 (3), pp. 267-273; Brown, M., Madge, N., (1982) Despite the Welfare State., , London: Heinemann; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey., , Edinburgh: E. and S. Livingstone; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, the First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey., , Edinburgh: E and S Livingstone; Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births, 1. , 1970; Coffïeld, F., Like Father, Like Son': The Family as a Potential Transmitter of Deprivation (1983) Families at Risk., pp. 11-37. , In: N. Madge, ed., London: Heinemann; Crellin, E., Pringle, M.L.K., West, R.J., (1971) Born Illegitimate: Social and Educational Implications., , London: National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales, for the National Childrens Bureau; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven., , The Second Report of the NCDS (1958 Cohort). London: Longman; Douglas, J.W.B., (1948) Maternity in Great Britain., , London: Oxford University Press; Some Factors Associated with Prematurity (1950) Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire, 57, p. 143; Douglas, J.W.B., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children Under, , London: Allen and Unwin; Drillien, C.M., Richmond, F., Prematurity in Edinburgh (1956) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 21, p. 390; Eversly, D., Bonnerjea, L., Social Change and Indicators of Diversity (1982) Families in Britain., pp. 75-94. , In: R. N. Rapoport, M. R Fogarty, and R Rapoport, eds., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain., , London: Macmillan; Graham, H., (1985) Women, Health and the Family., , Brighton, Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books Ltd; Hardy, J.B., Duggan, A.K., Teenage Fathers and the Fathers of Infants of Urban Teenage Mothers (1988) American Journal of Public Health, 78 (8), pp. 919-922; Hare, E.S., Shaw, A.G.K., A Study of Family Health. I. Health in Relation to Family Size (1965) British Journal Pediatrics, 111, p. 461; Hunt, A., Fox, J., Morgan, M., (1973) Families and Their Needs., 1. , London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (Social Survey Division). HMStationary Office; Illsley, R., The Social Aetiology of Foetal Damage (1961) J Neur. Subnorm, 7, p. 86; Jackson, B., Single Parent Families (1982) Families in Britain., pp. 159-178. , In: R. N. Rapoport, M. P. Fogarty, and P. Rapoport, eds., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Kaplan, B., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Boldsen, J.L., Birth Order and Health Status in a British National Sample (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23. , (In press); Kolvin, J., Miller, F.J.W., E Garside, R., Gatzanis, J.R.M., One Thousand Families over Three Generations: Method and Some Preliminary Findings (1983) Families at Risk., pp. 140-154. , In N. Madge, ed., London: Heinemann; Kramer, M., Intrauterine Growth and Gestational Duration Determiners (1987) Pediatrics, 80 (4), pp. 502-511; Kruk, S., Wolkind, S., A Longitudinal Study of Single Mothers and Their Children (1983) Families at Risk., pp. 119-140. , In N. Madge, ed., London: Heinemann; Lancaster, J.B., Hamberg, B.A., (1986) School Age Pregnancy and Parenthood: Biosocial Dimensions., , Chicago, IL: Aldine; Litman, T., The Family as a Basic Unit in Health and Medical Care (1974) Social Science and Medicine, 8, pp. 495-519; McCarthy, J., Meeker, J., (1978) Marital Consequences of Age at First Birth., , Bethesda, MD: NICHHD; Madge, N., Identifying Families at Risk (1983) Families at Risk., pp. 197-217. , London: Heinemann., J n N. Madge, ed; Mechanic, D., The Influence of Mothers on Their Children's Health Attitudes and Behavior (1964) Pediatrics, 33, p. 444; Oppel, W., Royston, A., Teenage Births: Some Social, Psychological and Physiological Sequelae (1971) American Journal of Public Health, 61, pp. 751-756; Pearce, D., Foud, S., (1977) Illegitimate Births: Changing Patterns., , Population Trends 9, London: HMSO; Pringle, M.L.K., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., (1966) 11, 000 Seven Year Olds., , London: Longman; Rapoport, R.N., P Fogarty, M., Rapoport, R., (1982) Families in Britain., , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Reed, D.M., Stanley, F.J., (1977) The Epidemiology of Prematurity., , Baltimore, MD: Urban and Schwarzenberg; Vinovskis, M.A., An Epidemic of Adolescent Pregnancy (1981) Journal of Family History, 6, pp. 205-230; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Morris, S., Assessing the Characteristics of Hospital Admissions in Pre School Children (1978) Archive of Diseases in Childhood, 53, p. 159; Wallace, H.M., Status of Infant and Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality: A Review of the Literature (1978) Public Health Report, 93, p. 386; Wedge, E., Prosser, H., (1973) Born to Fail., , London: Arrow Books and the National Childrens Bureau UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026473852&doi=10.1080%2f01459740.1992.9966057&partnerID=40&md5=0ed78bd48a30e1d51728e0ffee7faa1c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 1001 EP - 1009 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1093/ije/20.4.1001 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Kuh, D.L. AU - Power, C. AU - Rodgers, B. AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 66-72 Gower Street, London WCIE 6EA, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom AB - Trends in social class and sex differences in adult mean height in Great Britain since the turn of the century were investigated using data from parents and offspring in the 1946 and 1958 British birth cohort studies (n = 50 000). There has been an increase of 1.09 cm per decade in the mean height of men but only 0.36 cm per decade in the mean height of women. On average men from non-manual origins were 1.97 cm taller than men from manual origins and the figure for women was 1.61 cm. Trends in class differences in height for those born between the beginning of the century and 1958 have been small; fluctuations have occurred over the period but were unsynchronized for men and women. © 1991 International Epidemiological Association. KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - cohort analysis KW - demography KW - father KW - female KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mother KW - occupation KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - united kingdom KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Mortality KW - Occupations KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - adults' height KW - class difference KW - epidemiology KW - secular trend KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - UK N1 - Cited By :108 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 1800396 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.L.; MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 66-72 Gower Street, London WCIE 6EA, United Kingdom N1 - References: Townsend, P., Davidson, N., Whitehead, M., (1988) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and The Health Divide, , London: Penguin Books; Pamuk, E., Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England (1985) Popul Studies, 39, pp. 17-31; (1978) Decennial Supplement. D.S, (1). , London: HMSO; Blaxter, M., Evidence on inequality in health from a national survey (1977) Lancet, 2, pp. 31-33; Barsky, A.J., The paradox of health (1988) N Engl J Med, 318, pp. 415-418; Carr-Hill, R., Time trends in inequalities in health (1988) J Biosoc Sci, 20, pp. 265-273; Floud, R., Measuring European inequality, the use of height data (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, , Fox A J, Aldershot: Gower; Van Wieringen, J.E., Secular growth changes (1986) Human Growth. a Comprehensive Treatise, 3, p. 307. , Falkner F, Tanner J M, 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press; Sandberg, L.G., Steckel, R.H., Heights and economic history: The Swedish case (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 101-110; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, , Oxford: Blackwell; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Adults in Great Britain, , London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; Cox, B.D., Body measurements (Heights, weights, girth, etc) (1987) The Health and Lifestyle Survey, , Cox B D, Blaxter M, Buckle A L J. et al (eds), London: Health Promotion Research Trust; Illsley, R., Social class selection and class differences in relation to stillbirths and infant deaths (1955) B M J, 2, p. 1520; Marmot, M.G., Social inequalities in mortality: The social environment (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, p. 21. , Wilkinson R G, ed., London: Tavistock; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Q J Soc Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Stewart, A.L., The reliability and validity of self reported weight and height (1982) J Chron Dis, 35, pp. 295-309; Atkins, E., Cherry, N., Douglas, J., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth cohort: An account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research: An Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, p. 25. , Mednick S A, Baert A E, (eds), Oxford: Oxford University press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Follow-up of the first British national birth cohort: Findings from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1987) Paed Perinatal Epidemiol, 1, pp. 95-117; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Britain. Papers from the National Child Development Study, , Children’s Bureau Macmillan; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obesity, 12, pp. 445-453; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W.B., A longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) BMJ, 283, pp. 13-17; (1970) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; (1950) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; Golding, J., (1990) Personal Communication; Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., (1988) Social Class and Height BMJ, 297, pp. 980-981; Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Wannamethee. Height and social class in middle-aged British men (1988) J Epidemiol Community Health, 42, pp. 299-303; Trotter, M., Gleser, G., The effect of ageing on stature (1951) Am J Phys Anthropot, 9, pp. 311-324; Chumlea, W.C., Garry, P.J., Hunt, W.C., Rhyne, R.L., Distributions of serial changes in stature and weight in a healthy elderly population (1988) Hum Biol, 60, pp. 917-925; Miall, W.E., Ashcroft, M.T., Lovell, H.G., Moore, F., A longitudinal study of the decline of adult height with age in two Welsh communities (1967) Hum Biol, 39, pp. 445-454; Hertzog, K.P., Garn, S.M., Hempy, H.O., Partitioning the effects of secular trend and ageing on adult stature (1969) Am J Phys Anthropol, 31, pp. 111-116; Cline, M.G., Meredith, K.E., Boyer, J.T., Burrows, B., Decline in height with age in adults in a general population sample: Estimating maximum height and distinguishing birth cohort effects from actual loss of stature with ageing (1989) Hum Biol, 61, pp. 415-425; Tanner, J.M., (1978) Foetus into Man: Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, , London: Open Books; Douglas, J., Simpson, H.R., Height in relation to puberty, family size and social class. A longitudinal study (1964) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 42, pp. 20-35; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children: Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., (1976) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Acheson, D., Nutritional monitoring of the health of the nation (1987) J Roy Soc Health, 6, pp. 209-214; Macintyre, S., Social correlates of human height (1988) Sc Prog Oxf, 72, pp. 493-510; Rona, R.J., A surveillance system of growth in Britain (1989) Auxology ‘88. Perspectives in the Science of Growth and Development. Selected Papers from the Fifth International Auxology Congress. Exeter UK, July 1988, , Tanner J M, London, Smith-Gordon (Nishimura); Wolanski, N., Genetic and ecological factors in human growth (1970) Hum Biol, 42, pp. 349-368; Tanner, J.M., Earlier maturation in man (1968) Sci Am, 218, pp. 21-27; Ellis, R.W.B., Growth and health of Belgian children during and after the German occupation, 1940-44 (1945) Arch Dis Child, 20, pp. 97-109; Laporte, M., Effect of war-imposed dietary limitations on growth of Paris schoolchildren (1946) Am J Dis Child, 71, pp. 244-247; Widdowson, E.M., Mental contentment and physical growth (1951) Lancet, 1316, p. 1318; Howe, P.E., Schiller, M., Growth responses of the school child to changes in diet and environmental factors (1952) J Appl Phys, 5, pp. 51-61; Hewitt, D., Westropp, D.K., Acheson, R.M., Oxford Child Health Survey. Effect of childish ailments on skeletal development (1955) Br J Prev Soc Med, 9, pp. 179-186; Pruder, A., Tanner, J.M., Von Hamack, G.A., Catch-up growth following illness or starvation (1963) J Pediatr, 62, pp. 646-659; Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walbe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7, pp. 307-322; Preece, M.A., Growth measurements as indicators of health status (1986) The Health and Development of Children, p. 17. , Miles H B, Still E, London: Eugenics Society; Kaplan, B.A., Brush, G., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The relationship of childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis with height, weight and bodymass index (1987) Hum Biol, 59, pp. 921-931; Fogel, R.W., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (1986) Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise, 3, p. 263. , Falkner F, Tanner J M, Methodology; Ecological, Genetic and Nutritional Effects on Growth. New York: Plenum Press; Pett, L.B., Ogilvie, G.F., The report on Canadian average weights, heights and skinfolds (1957) Can Bull, 5, pp. 1-81; Bjelke, E., Variation in height and weight in the Norwegian population (1971) Br J Prev Soc Med, 25, pp. 192-202; Greulich, W.W., Some secular changes in the growth of Americanborn and native Japanese children (1976) Am J Phys Anthropol, 45, pp. 553-568; Bielicki, T., Growth and economic wellbeing. Twentieth century (1986) Human Growth. a Comprehensive Treatise, 32, p. 283. , Falkner F, Tanner J M, New York: Plenum Press; Nystrom Peck, A.M., Vagero, D.H., Adult body height and childhood socioeconomic group in the Swedish population (1987) J Epidemiol Community Health, 41, pp. 333-337; Steegmann, A.T., 18th century British military stature: Growth cessation, selective recruiting, secular trends, nutrition at birth, cold and occupation (1985) Hum Biol, 57, pp. 77-95; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Saenger, G., Marolla, F., (1975) Famine and Human Development: The Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945, , New York: Oxford University Press; Meredith, H.V., Findings from Asia, Europe, and North America on secular change in mean height of children, youths, and young adults (1976) Am J Phys Anthropol, 44, pp. 315-326; Tobias, P.V., Growth and stature in Southern African populations (1972) Human Biology of Environmental Change, p. 104. , Vorster D J M, London: International Biological Programme; Stini, W.A., Reduced sexual dimorphism in upper arm muscle circumference associated with protein-deficient diet in a South American population (1972) Am J Phys Anthropol, 36, pp. 341-352; Wolanski, N., Kasprzak, E., Stature as a measure of effects of environmental change (1976) Current Anthropology, 17, pp. 548-552; Hiernaux, J., Hartono, D.B., Physical measurements of the adult Hadza of Tanzania (1980) Ann Hum Biol, 7, pp. 339-346; Eveleth, P.B., Differences between ethnic groups in sex dimorphism in adult height (1975) Ann Hum Biol, 2, pp. 35-39; Gray, J.P., Wolfe, L.D., Height and sexual dimorphism of stature among human societies (1980) Am J Phys Anthropol, 53, pp. 441-456; Bennett, K.A., Hulse, F.S., Shifting patterns of sex dimorphism in three Japanese population (1982) Ann Hum Biol, 9, pp. 441-452; Acheson, R.M., Fowler, G.B., Sex, socio-economic status, and secular increase in stature: A family study (1964) Br J Prev Soc Med, 18, pp. 25-34; Tobias, P.V., Anthropometry among disadvantaged peoples: Studies in Southern Africa (1975) Biosocial Interrelations in Population Adaptation, , Watts E S, Johnston F E, Lasker G W, The Hague: Mouton; Bielicki, T., Charzewski, J., Sex differences in the magnitude of statural gains of offspring over parents (1977) Hum Biol, 49, pp. 265-277; Byard, P.J., Siervogel, R.M., Roche, A.F., Familial correlations for serial measurements of recumbent length and stature (1983) Ann Hum Biol, 10, pp. 281-293; Meredith, H.V., Meredith, E.M., The stature of Toronto children half a century ago and today (1944) Hum Biol, 16, pp. 126-131; Clements, E.M.B., Changes in the mean stature and weight of British children over the past seventy years (1953) B M J, 2, pp. 897-902; Blanksby, B.A., Freedman, L., Barrett, P., Bloomfield, J., Secular changes in the heights and weights of Western Australian primary school children (1974) Ann Hum Biol, 1, pp. 301-309; Cameron, N., The growth of London school children 1904-1966: An analysis of secular trend and intra-county variation (1979) Ann Hum Biol, 6, pp. 505-525; Lindgren, G.W., Hauspie, R.C., Heights and weights of Swedish school children born in 1955 and 1967 (1989) Ann Hum Biol, 16, pp. 397-406; Takahashi, E., Growth and environmental factors in Japan (1966) Hum Biol, 38, pp. 112-130; (1972) US National Center for Health Statistics, Hamill P V V, Johnston F E, Lemeshow S. Height and Weight of Children: Socioeconomic Status, , United States. Vital and Health Statistics Series 1 I—No. 119. Rockville: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Van Wieringen, J.C., (1972) Secular Changes of Growth: Review Tables and Graphs in English, , Leiden: Netherlands: Institute for Preventive Medicine TNO; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Greulich, W.W., A comparison of the physical growth and development of American born and native Japanese children (1957) Am J Phys Anthropol, 15, pp. 489-516; Kim, Y.S., Growth status of Korean school children in Japan (1982) Ann Hum Biol, 9, pp. 453-458; Bindon, J.R., Zansky, S.M., Growth patterns of height and weight among three groups of Samaoan preadolescents (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 171-178; Greulich, W.W., The growth and developmental status of Guamanian school children in 1947 (1951) Am J Phys Anthropol, 9, pp. 55-70; Steckel, R.H., Growth depression and recovery: The remarkable case of American slaves (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 111-132; Ljung, B., Bergsten-Brucefors, A., Lindgren, G., The secular trend in physical growth in Sweden (1974) Ann Hum Biol, 1, pp. 245-256; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Parental height, childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 663-668; Hunt, K., (1990) Personal Communication; Nystromm Peck, A.M., (1990) Personal Communication; Relethford, J.H., Lees, F.C., The effects of ageing and secular trend on adult stature in rural Western Ireland (1981) Am J Phys Anthropol, 55, pp. 81-88; Tanner, J.M., Hayashi, T., Preece, M.A., Cameron, N., Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: Comparison with British and with Japanese Americans (1982) Ann Hum Biol, 9, pp. 411-423; Abraham, S., Johnson, C.L., Najjar, M.F., (1979) Weight and Height of Adults 18-74 Years of Age: United States, 1971-1974, (211). , Vital and Health Statistics Series 11, Hyattsville: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Lindgren, G.W., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban school children in relation to socio-economic and regional factors (1976) Ann Hum Biol, 3, pp. 501-528; Illsley, R., Le Grand, J., The measurement of inequality in health (1987) Health and Economics, , Williams A, London: Macmillan; Blane, D., Davey-Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social class differences in years of potential life lost: Size, trends, and principal causes (1990) B M J, 301, pp. 429-432; Goldblatt, P., Mortality by social class, 1971-85 (1989) Population Trends, 56, pp. 6-15; Valkonen, T., Adult mortality and level of education: A comparison of six countries (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, , Fox A J, Aldershot: Gower UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026358574&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f20.4.1001&partnerID=40&md5=f2304a83e7cdb3b9349f563f986e2c16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: Data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 302 IS - 6792 SP - 1576 EP - 1580 PY - 1991 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Done, D.J. AU - Johnstone, E.C. AU - Frith, C.D. AU - Golding, J. AU - Shepherd, P.M. AU - Crow, T.J. AD - Division of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London EC1V OBH, United Kingdom AB - Objective - To evaluate whether events occurring at or around the time of birth contribute to the onset of psychotic illness in adult life. Design-Pregnancy and birth complications as possible causes of adult mental illness were studied in the population sample of the British perinatal mortality survey. Subsequent psychiatric admissions were independently identified through the Mental Health Enquiry and records of regional and special health authorities. Logistic regression was used to compare data on perinatal deaths with those on survivors to determine factors independently associated with perinatal death, and this equation was then used to calculate the risk of perinatal death for each survivor. Subjects - 16980 people born in a single week in 1958 (the British perinatal mortality survey sample), including 252 patients admitted to psychiatric care; case notes of 235 patients were supplied. Main outcome measures and results - Patients with a schizophrenic illness (whether defined by "broad" (n=57) or "narrow" (n=35) diagnostic criteria) did not have a greater mean risk of perinatal death than the population in general, but there was some evidence of increased liability (relative risk 2·43; 95% confidence interval 1·17 to 5·05) for those with affective psychosis (n=32). Specific high risk variables for affective psychosis were decreased gestation time (273-9 v 281·2 days; mean difference 7·3 days, 95% confidence interval 3·1 to 11·5; p<0·002) and prescription of vitamin K to the child in the first week of life (19% of patients v 5% of controls, p=0·016). Conclusions - The findings give no support to theories that factors predicting perinatal mortality contribute significantly to causation of schizophrenic illness. Further investigation of decreased gestation length in relation to affective disorder is required. KW - article KW - birth injury KW - controlled study KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - mental disease KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - psychosis KW - risk factor KW - Adult KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Labor Complications KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Probability KW - Psychotic Disorders KW - Regression Analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Schizophrenia KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :168 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 1855042 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Done, D.J.; Division of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025834103&partnerID=40&md5=65a6e52b4ecf29aeb6deaa5ac9f66a06 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incidence of multiple sclerosis in Hordaland, Western Norway: A fluctuating pattern T2 - Neuroepidemiology J2 - Neuroepidemiology VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 53 EP - 61 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1159/000110247 SN - 02515350 (ISSN) AU - Grønning, M. AU - Riise, T. AU - Kvåle, G. AU - Nyland, H. AU - Larsen, J.P. AU - Aarli, J.A. AD - Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway AD - Section of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Norway AD - Institute of Hygiene and Social Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway AB - The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) was studied in the county of Hordaland, western Norway. A significant increase in incidence in the period 1958-1987, a decline followed by a gradual increase in mean age at onset, geographic differences in time trends and a biphasic pattern revealed by a birth cohort analysis support the theory of real time-space fluctuations in the incidence of MS over time. © 1991 S. Karger AG, Basel. KW - Fluctuation over time KW - Geographic differences KW - Incidence KW - Multiple sclerosis KW - adult KW - article KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - multiple sclerosis KW - norway KW - Adult KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Multiple Sclerosis KW - Norway KW - Risk Factors KW - Rural Population KW - Urban Population N1 - Cited By :46 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2062418 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Grønning, M.; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, N-5021, Norway N1 - References: Kurtzke, J.F., Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. Veterans. 1. Race, sex, and geographic distribution (1979) Neurology, 29, pp. 1228-1235; Percey, A.K., Nobrega, F.T., Okazaki, H., Multiple sclerosis in Rochester, Minn (1971) Arch Neurol, 25, pp. 105-111; Pryse-Phillips, W.E.M., The incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1960-1984 (1986) Ann Neurol, 20, pp. 323-328; Hammond, S.R., McLeod, J.G., Millingen, K.S., The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in three Australian cities: Perth. Newcastle and Hobart (1988) Brain, 111, pp. 1-25; Skegg, D.C.G., Cirwin, P.A., Craven, R.S., Occurrence of multiple sclerosis in the north and south of New Zealand (1987) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 50, pp. 123-139; Kuroiwa, Y., Hung, T., Landsborough, D., Multiple sclerosis in Asia (1977) Neurology, 27, pp. 188-192; Kalafatova, O.I., Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Bulgaria (1987) Acta Neurol Scand, 75, pp. 186-189; Meyer-Rienecker, H., Buddenhagen, F., Incidence of multiple sclerosis: A periodic or stable phenomenon (1988) J Neurol, 235, pp. 241-244; Swingler, R.J., Compston, D.A.S., The distribution of multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 49, pp. 1115-1124; Phadke, J.G., Downie, A.W., Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the north-east (Grampian Region) of Scotland: An update (1987) J Epidemiol Community Health, 41, pp. 5-13; Swingler, R.J., Comston, D.A.S., The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in South East Wales (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 51, pp. 1520-1524; Cook, S.D., Cromarty, J.I., Tapp, W., Declining incidence of multiple sclerosis in the Orkney Islands (1985) Neurology, 35, pp. 545-551; Cook, S.D., MacDonald, J., Tapp, W., Multiple sclerosis in the Shetland Island: An update (1988) Acta Neurol Scand, 77, pp. 148-151; Kinnuncn, E., Multiple sclerosis in Finland: Evidence of increasing frequency and uneven geographic distribution (1984) Neurology, 34, pp. 457-461; Swank, R.L., Lerstad, O., Strom, A., Backer, J., Multi-pie sclerosis in rural Norway (1952) N Engl J Med, 246, pp. 721-728; Westlund, K., Recent statistical data on multiple sclerosis and some other diseases in Norway (1982) Nordic Council Arct Med Res Rep, 32, pp. 19-29; Presthus, J., Report on the multiple sclerosis investigations in West-Norway (1960) Acta Neurol Scand, 35, pp. 88-92; Larsen, J.P., Kvåle, G., Riise, T., An increase in the incidence of multiple sclerosis in Western Norway (1984) Acta Neurol Scand, 69, pp. 96-103; Grønning, M., Mellgren, S.I., Multiple sclerosis in the two northernmost counties of Norway (1985) Acta Neurol Scand, 72, pp. 321-327; Kurtzke, J.F., Gudmundsson, K.R., Bergmann, S., Multiple sclerosis in Iceland. I. Evidence of a postwar epidemic (1982) Neurology, 32, pp. 143-150; Kurtzke, J.F., Hyllested, K., Validity of the epidemics of multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Island (1988) Neu-Roepidemiology, 7, pp. 190-227; MacAlpine, D., The benign form of multiple sclerosis: A study based on 241 cases seen within three years of onset and followed up until the tenth year or more of the disease (1961) Brain, 84, pp. 186-203; Waterhouse, J., Muir, C., Correa, P., Powell, J., (1976) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 3. , IARC Scientific Publications No. 15; Case, R.A.M., Cohort analysis of mortality rates as an historical or narrative technique (1956) Br J Prev Soc Med, 10, pp. 159-171; Kvåle, G., (1982) Cancer of the Larynx and Lung: Incidence Trends in the Nordic Countries, pp. 185-197. , Magnus K (ed): Trends in Cancer Incidence. Washington, Hemisphere; Olerup, O., Hillert, J., Fredrikson, S., Primarily chronic progressive and relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis: Two immunogenetically distinct disease entities (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 86, pp. 1-5; Poser, C.M., Hibberd, P.L., Benedikz, J., Gudmunds-Son, G., Analysis of the epidemic of multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. I. Clinical and epidemiological aspects (1988) Neuroepidemiology, 7, pp. 168-180; Poser, C.M., Hibberd, P.L., Analysis of the ‘epidemic’ of multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. II. Bio-statistical aspects (1988) Neuroepidemiology, 7, pp. 181-189 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025777655&doi=10.1159%2f000110247&partnerID=40&md5=185e66b5f242c602f9532182152e0a9d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early influences on the secular change in adult height between the parents and children of the 1958 birth cohort T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 127 EP - 136 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1080/03014469100001472 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Alberman, E. AU - Filakti, H. AU - Williams, S. AU - Evans, S.J.W. AU - Emanuel, I. AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The London Hospital Medical College, United Kingdom AD - University of Washington, United States AB - The present account is of data available from the 1958 British national birth cohort and its follow-up to the age of 23 years. It shows an increase in adult height between the cohort members and their parents, amounting to an average 1·2±0·11 (SEM) cm between the daughters and their mothers and 3·0±0·12 cm between the sons and their fathers. Factors in early life which contributed jointly to a significant increase in adult height included, as well as sex and parental height, birthweight and maternal pre-pregnant weight, while increasing gestational age had a negative effect. Overall these factors accounted for 71% of the variance of the cohort members' height. Measuring the intergenerational difference between individual pairs of sons and father and daughters and mothers allows to some extent for social and genetic influences. This showed that the size of the difference was increased by increasing intrauterine growth rate, and falling paternal social class. These findings demonstrate again the lifelong influence on offspring of circumstances pertaining at their birth and explain why it may take more than one generation to overcome the effects of childhood disadvantage. © 1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - female KW - genetics KW - human KW - male KW - parent KW - regression analysis KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Parents KW - Regression Analysis KW - Statistics KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :50 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 2024947 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Alberman, E.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Aitkin, M., Anderson, D., Francis, B., Hinde, J., (1989) Statistical Modelling in GLIM, pp. 136-141. , Oxford Science Publications Clarendon Press, Oxford; Alberman, E.D., Sociobiologic factors and birthweight in Great Britain (1977) The Epidemiology of Prematurity, pp. 145-156. , Eds. Reed D.M., Stanley F. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, MD; Alberman, E.D., Are our babies becoming bigger? (1991) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, , (In press); Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) British Medical Journal, 298, pp. 564-567; Bock, H.D., Sykes, R.C., Evidence for continuing secular increase in height with families in the United States (1989) American Journal of Human Biology, 1, pp. 143-148; Butler, B.N.R., Alberman, A.E.D., Perinatal Problems (1968) Second Report of the National Child Development Study, , E & S Livingstone Ltd, Edinburgh and London; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal Mortality (1963) The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Study, , E & S Livingstone Ltd, Edinburgh and London; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Price, C.E., The secular trend in primary school children in England and Scotland 1972–79 and 1979–86 (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 387-395; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., From Birth to Seven (1972) The Second Report of the National Child Development Study, , Longman Group Ltd, London; Fogelman, F.K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: collected papers from the National Child Development Study, , Macmillan, London; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Adults in Great Britain, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, London; Komlos, J., Patterns of children's growth in east-central Europe in the eighteenth century (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13, pp. 33-48; Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height, childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) International Journal of Epidemiology, 18, pp. 663-668; Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death—Specific explanations of a general pattern (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Macintyre, S., Social correlates of human height (1988) Scientific Progress, Oxford, 72, pp. 493-510; Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) International Journal of Obesity, 12, pp. 445-453; Roede, M.J., van Wieringen, J.C., Growth diagrams 1980. Netherlands third nation-wide survey (1985) Tijdschrift voor Sociale Gezondheidszorg, 63, pp. 1-34; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Control of Growth, 37, pp. 265-272. , Ed. Tanner J.M., In British Medical Bulletin; Shatrugna, V., Rao, K.V., Secular trends in the heights of women from the urban poor community of Hyderabad (1987) Annals of Human Biology, 14, pp. 375-377; Stewart, A.W., Jackson, R.T., Ford, M.A., Beaglehole, R., Underestimation of relative weight by use of self-reported height and weight (1987) American Journal of Epidemiology, 125, pp. 122-126; Susanne, C., Genetic and environmental influences on morphological characteristics (1975) Annals of Human Biology, 2, pp. 279-288; Tanner, J.M., (1978) Foetus into Man. Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, , Open Books, London; Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Wannamethee, G., Height and social class in middle-aged British men (1988) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 42, pp. 299-303 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026129885&doi=10.1080%2f03014469100001472&partnerID=40&md5=b51642ab2c001a57a2f1906d44180525 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The incidence of thoracic vertebral fractures in a Japanese population, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1958-1986 T2 - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology J2 - J. Clin. Epidemiol. VL - 44 IS - 10 SP - 1007 EP - 1014 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90002-Q SN - 08954356 (ISSN) AU - Fujiwara, S. AU - Mizuno, S. AU - Ochi, Y. AU - Sasaki, H. AU - Kodama, K. AU - Russell, W.J. AU - Hosoda, Y. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732, Japan AD - Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732, Japan AB - The incidence of thoracic vertebral fractures (TVF) in a Japanese population of 14,607 individuals from Hiroshima and Nagasaki was determined by sex, age, birth cohort, and exposure to atomic bomb radiation. The diagnosis of TVF was based on lateral chest radiographs made from 1 July 1958 to 28 February 1986. The subjects, who were born between 1880 through 1939, were categorized by sex into 10-year birth cohorts. TVF incidence increased by a factor of 1.7 in all birth cohorts with each 10-year increase in age in females, but did not increase with age in males. The incidence was significantly lower in the younger birth cohorts in both sexes. The incidence declined by a factor of 0.5 in males and 0.6 in females for each 10-year decrease in the year of birth. TVF incidence did not differ between the cities, and no correlation with atomic bomb radiation exposure was demonstrated. © 1991. KW - Cohort KW - Incidence rate KW - Vertebral fracture KW - adult KW - age KW - aged KW - article KW - birth KW - body mass KW - city KW - cohort analysis KW - diet KW - female KW - gender KW - human KW - incidence KW - japan KW - male KW - normal human KW - population research KW - priority journal KW - radiation exposure KW - sex difference KW - thoracic spine KW - thorax radiography KW - vertebra fracture KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Human KW - Japan KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Sex Factors KW - Spinal Fractures KW - Thoracic Vertebrae N1 - Cited By :30 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JCEPE C2 - 1940993 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fujiwara, S.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732, Japan N1 - References: Knowelden, Buhr, Dunbar, Incidence of fractures in persons over 35 years of age. A report to the M.R.C. working party on fractures in the elderly (1964) Br J Prev Sue Med, 18, pp. 130-141; Melton, III, Kan, Frye, Wahner, O'Fallon, Riggs, Epidemiology of vertebral fractures in women (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 1000-1011; Bengner, Johnell, Redlund-Johnell, Changes in increasing incidence and prevalence of vertebral fractures during 30 years (1988) Calcif Tissue Int, 42, pp. 293-296; American College of Radiology, (1955) Index for Roentgen Diagnoses, , ACR, Chicago; Roesch, US-Japan Joint Reassessment of Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1987) Final report, 1-2. , 3rd edn., Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima: Japan; Preston, Lubin, Pierce, (1990) EPICURE: Generalized Regression Models for Epidemiologic Data, , Hirosoft International, Seattle, WA; Blackard, Seigel, Peripheral Osteoporosis (1963) ABCC Technical Report 17–63, , 3rd edn., Japan, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, Hiroshima; Genant, Volger, Block, Radiology of osteoporosis (1988) Osteoporosis. Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management, pp. 181-220. , B.L. Riggs, L.J. Melton III, Raven Press, New York; Morii, Education lecture on a clinical study on osteoporosis (1989) J Jpn Soc Intern Med, 11, pp. 1536-1539; Gershon-Cohen, Rechtman, Schraer, Blumberg, Asymptomatic fractures in osteoporotic spines of the aged (1953) JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 153, p. 625; Brick, Copel, Fractures of the vertebrae in the aged (1950) Geriatrics, 5, pp. 74-78; Kivilaakso, Fractures of osteoporotic spinal column (1956) Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn, 45, pp. 1-37; Saville, Observation on 80 women with osteoporotic spine fractures (1970) Osteoporosis, p. 38. , U.S. Barzel, Grune and Stratton, New York; Health Promotion and Nutrition Section of the Health Services Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare, (1983) Present Nutritional State of the Nation, , Japan, Daiichi Shuppan, Tokyo, (First Press); Health Promotion and Nutrition Section of the Health Services Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare, (1963) Present Nutritional State of the Nation, , Japan, Daiichi Shuppan, Tokyo, (First Press); Peck, Riggs, Bell, Wallace, Johnson, Gordon, Shulman, Research directions in osteoporosis (1988) Am J Med, 84, pp. 275-282; Cummings, Kelsey, Nevitt, O'Down, Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures (1985) Epidemiol Rev, 7, pp. 178-208; Fujiwara, Mizuno, Hosoda, Risk factors of vertebral fractures (1989) Proc Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis Conf, p. 16. , Honolulu; Riggs, Wahner, Seeman, Offord, Dunn, Mazes, Johnson, Melton, III, Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging (1982) J Clin Invest, 70, pp. 716-723; Riggs, Wahner, Dunn, Mazess, Offord, Melton, III, Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging (1981) J Clin Invest, 67, pp. 328-335; Orimo, Shiraki, Bone disease and its metabolism (1980) Jpn J Geriatr, 17, pp. 237-240 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025992632&doi=10.1016%2f0895-4356%2891%2990002-Q&partnerID=40&md5=8d15d4da72757e4411de97ce24774ec3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aging T2 - Journal of Radiation Research J2 - J. Rad. Res. VL - 32 SP - 310 EP - 326 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1269/jrr.32.SUPPLEMENT_310 SN - 04493060 (ISSN) AU - pSASAKI, H. AU - Kodama, K. AU - Yamada, M. AD - Denartment of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, 732, Japan AB - A ein^/Atomic hnmh/Radiation The hypothesis that exposure to ionizing radiation accelerates the aging process has been actively investigated at ABCC-RERF since 1958, when longitudinal cohort studies of the Adult Health Study (AHS) and the Life Span Study (LSS) were initiated. In their 1975 overall review of aging studies related to the atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors, Finch and Beebe concluded that while most studies had shown no correlation between aging and radiation exposure, they had not involved the large numbers of subjects required to provide strong evidence for or against the hypothesis. Extending LSS mortality data up to 1978 did not alter the earlier conclusion that any observed life-shortening was associated primarily with cancer induction rather than with any nonspecific cause. The results of aging studies conducted during the intervening 15 years using data from the same populations are reviewed in the present paper. Using clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory techniques, a broad spectrum of aging parameters have been studied, such as postmortem morphological changes, tests of functional capacity, physical tests and measurements, laboratory tests, tissue changes, and morbidity. With respect to the aging process, the overall results have not been consistent and are generally thought to show no relation to radiation exposure. Although some preliminary results suggest a possible radiation-induced increase in atherosclerotic diseases and acceleration of aging in the T cell-related immune system, further study is necessary to confirm these findings. In the future, applying the latest gerontological study techniques to data collected from subjects exposed 45 years ago to A-bomb radiation at relatively young ages will present a new body of data relevant to the study of late radiation effects. © 1991, Journal of Radiation Research Editorial Committee. All rights reserved. KW - Aging KW - Atomic bomb KW - Radiation KW - aging KW - atomic warfare KW - human KW - Japan KW - radiation exposure KW - review KW - survival KW - Aging KW - Human KW - Japan KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Survival N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1762120 LA - English N1 - References: Hollingsworth, J.W., Hashizume, A., Correlation between tests of aging, Hiroshima. An attempt to define “ (1965) physiologic age., 38, pp. 11-26. , and Jablon, S; (1972) Symposium on problems of measurement of aging in humans, pp. 38-72. , ABCC,Technical,Report; Jablon, S., Ishida, M., Beebe, G.W., Studies of the mortality nwiof A-bomb survivors, 2. (1964) Mortality; (1959) sections; Russ, S., Scott, G., Biological effects of gamma irradiation. (1939) Br. J. Radiol., 12, pp. 440-441. , M; Henshaw, P.S., Experimental roentgen injury. IV. Effects of repeated small doses of x-rays on blood picture, tissue morphology, and life span in mice. (1944) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 4, pp. 513-522; Walburg, H.E., Radiation-induced life shortening and premature aging. (1975) Adv. Radiat. Biol., 5, pp. 145-179; Comfort, A., Natural aging and the effects of radiation. (1959) Radiat. Res. (Suppl 1), pp. 216-234; Alexander, P., Accelerated aging: Long-term effect of exposure to ionizing radiations. (1957) Gerontologia, 1, pp. 174-193; Mole, R.M., Some aspects of mammalian radiobiology. (1959) Radiat Res. (Suppl 1), pp. 124-148; Upton, A.C., Ionizing radiation and the aging process. (1957) A Review. J. Gerontol., 12, pp. 306-313; Upton, A.C., Kimball, A.W., Furth, J., Christenberry, K., Some delayed effects of atom-bomb radiations in mice. (1960) Cancer Res., 20, pp. 1-60. , W. and Benedict, W. H; (1960) A. C., pp. 318-323. , Ionizing radiation and the aging process. In The Biology of Aging: A Symposium. Ed. by Strehler, B. L.,Washington, D. C., American,Institute for Biological Science; Lindop, P.J., Rotblat, J., Long-term effects of a single whole-body exposure of mice to ionizing radiations. II. (1961) Causes of death, 154, pp. 350-368; Radiation and life-span. Sci Basis Med Annu Rev, pp. 91-109; (1982) Ionizing Radiation: Sources and Biological Effects (the UNSCEAR Report), , United Nations,Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (,New York,United Nations; (1990) Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation., , National Research Council (,Washington, D. C.,National Academy Press; Storer, J.B., Sanders, P., Relative effectiveness of neutrons for production of delayed biological effects. I. Effect of single doses of thermal neutrons on life span of mice. (1958) Radiat. Res., 8, pp. 64-70. , C; Hayflick, L., (1985), Theories of biological aging. In Principles of Geriatric Medicine. Ed. by Andres, R., Bierman, E. and Hazzard, W. R.,New York,McGraw-Hill; Hayflick, L., (1965) The limited in vitro life time of human diploid cell strains.; Orgel, L.E., The maintenance of the accuracy of protein synthesis and its relevance to aging. (1963) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 49, pp. 517-521; Free radicals in tissue (1964), pp. 487-517; Burnet, F.M., Somatic mutation and chronic disease. (1965) Br. Med. J., 1, pp. 338-342; Casarett, G.W., Similarities and contrasts between radiation and time pathology. (1964) Adv, Gerontol. Res., 1, pp. 109-163; Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. (1977) United Nations, , (,Scientific,Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 1977 report to the General Assembly, with annexes. Sales Pub. No. E. 77. IX. I.,New York; (1976) R. G., pp. 443-492. , Cross linkage hypothesis of aging: DNA adducts in chromatin as a primary aging process. In Aging, Carcinogenesis and Radiation Biology. Ed. by Smith, K. C.,New York, Plenum,Press; (1976) R. W., pp. 537-556. , Role of DNA repair in aging. In Aging Carcinogenesis and Radiation Biology. Ed. by Smith, K. C.,New York, Plenum,Press; Warren, S., Longevity and causes of death from irradiation in physicians. (1956) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 162, pp. 464-468; Seltser, R., Sartwell, P., Ionizing radiation and longevity of physicians. (1958) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 166, pp. 585-587. , E; Seltser, R., Sartwell, P.E., The influence of occupational exposure to radiation on the mortality of American radiologists and other medical specialists. (1965) Am. J. Epidemiol., 81, pp. 2-22; Matanoski, G.M., Seltser, R., Sartwell, P., The current mortality rates of radiologists and other physician specialists: Deaths from all causes and from cancer. (1975) Am. J. Epidemiol., 101, pp. 188-198. , E., Diamond, E. L. and Elliott, E. A; Court-Brown, W.M., Doll, R., Expectation of life and mortality from cancer among British radiologists. (1958) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 181-187; Smith, P.G., Doll, R., Mortality from cancer and all causes among British radiologists. (1981) Br, J. Radiol., 54, pp. 187-194; Smith, P.G., Doll, R., Mortality among patients with ankylosing spondylitis after a single treatment course with x-rays. (1982) Br. Med, J, 2842, pp. 449-460; Finch, S.C., Beebe, G., Review of thirty years study of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. (1975) Biological Effects., pp. 108-121; Beebe, G.W., Kato, H., Land, C.E., (1971) Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 4, Mortality and radiation dose, pp. 1950-1966. , Radiat. Res. 48; Finch, S.C., Moriyama, I., (1978) The delayed effects of radiation exposure among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , M. (,A brief summary. RERF,Technical,Report; Strehler, B.L., Nishimura, E.T., Gee, M.V., Shock, N., Influence of a single exposure to radiation on accumulation of lipofuscin (age pigment in cardiac tissue in atomic bomb survivors. (1959) ABCC, pp. 35-59. , W. (,Technical,Report; Anderson, R.E., Aging in Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors. (1965) Arch. Pathol., 79, pp. 1-6; Doughty, W.E., Anderson, R., Spleen index in atomic bomb survivors. (1973) ABCC, pp. 7-73. , E Yamamoto, T. and Webber, L. S. (,Technical,Report; Anderson, R.E., Longevity in irradiated human populations with particular reference to the atomic bomb survivors. (1972) ABCC, pp. 9-72. , Technical,Report; Hollingsworth, D.R., Hollingsworth, J.W., Bogitch, S., Keehn, R.J., Neuromuscular tests of aging in Hiroshima subjects. (1969) J. Gerontol., 24, pp. 276-283; Sasaki, T., Sweedler, D.R., Okamoto, A., Oold pressor test on atomic bomb survivors, Nagasaki. (1964) ABCC, pp. 3-64. , Technical,Report; Belsky, J.L., (1971) ABCC-JNIH Adult Health Study. Report 5. Results of the first five examination cycles, Hiroshima-Nagasaki, , Tachikawa, K, and Jablon, S. (,ABCC,Technical,Report; Bizzozero, O.J., (1967) The relation of oral glucose tolerance to age and sex in the, pp. 21-67. , Omori, Y., Archer, P. G. and Johnson, K. G. (,Japanese,Hiroshima. ABCC,Technical,Report; Hall, C.B., Serum immunoglobulin levels in atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima. (1973) Am. J. Epidemiol., 98, pp. 423-429. , W, J., Ashley, F. W. and,Hamilton,H. B; King, R.A., Milton, R.C., Hamilton, H., Serum immunoglobulin levels in the (1973) ABCC, pp. 14-73. , B. (-JNIH Adult Health Study, Hiroshima-Nagasaki.,Technical,Report; Switzer, S., (1963) Hypertension and ischemic heart disease, pp. 368-380. , Hiroshima, Japan,Circulation 28; Yano, K., Ueda, S., (1963) Cardiovascular studies, Hiroshima, , Report 5. Coronary heart disease. Yale J. Biol. Med. 35; Ueda, S., Yano, K., (1962) Cardiovascular studies, Hiroshima, , Report 3. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease related to associated factors. ABCC,Technical,Report; Jordan, S.W., Hasegawa, C.M., Keehn, R., Testicular changes in atomic bomb survivors. (1966) Arch. Pathol., 82, pp. 542-554. , J; Hall, C.W., Miller, R.J., Nefzger, M., (1964) Ophthalmologic findings in atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima, , D. (,ABCC,Technical,Report; Jablon, S., Kato, H., (1972) Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 5. Radiation dose and mortality, , Radiat. Res. 50; Bloom, A.D., Neriishi, S., Awa, A., (1967) Chromosome aberrations in leucocytes of older survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.; Beebe, G.W., Land, C.E., Kato, H., (1978) The hypothesis of radiation-accelerated aging and the mortality of, , Japanese,A-bomb victims. In Late Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Vienna, International Atomic Energy,Association; Kato, H., Brown, C.C., Hoel, D.G., Schull, W.J., Life Span Study Report 9, Part 2. Mortality (1981); (1950) causes other than cancer among atomic bomb survivors, , RERF,Technical,Repuosevort; Cihak, R.W., Yamakido, R., Kawashima, T., Harvey, R., Pancreatic ductal epithelial changes in atomic bomb survivors - Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (1975) ABCC, pp. 9-75. , L., Choi, K. and Webber, L. S,Technical,Report; Wollmann, R.L., (1975) A morphologic study of central nervous system aging: Hiroshima; Steer, A., Kawashima, T., Nakashima, T., Dock, D., Focal cardiac myocytolysis. (1975) ABCC, pp. 8-75. , S. and Lee, K. K. (,Technical,Report; Steer, A., Danzig, M.D., Robertson, T.L., Focal and diffuse papillary muscle fibrosis and small vessel sclerosis of the heart. (1975) ABCC, pp. 15-75. , Kawashima, T Nakashima, T. and Lee, K. K. (,Technical,Report; Kishikawa, M., Otake, M., Kobuke, T., Iseki, M., Kondo, H., Tokunaga, M., Fujii, H., Senile changes of the brain in Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors. (1989) RERF Research Protocol, pp. 8-89. , and Nishimori, I; Eto, R., (1987) An autopsy study of histopathologic changes in the urinary transitional epithuelium of atomic bomb survivors, , Ishimaru, T, and Tokunaga, M. (,RERF,Technical,Report; Katsuhara, K., Belsky, J.L., Fujita, S., Miyanishi, M., Pulmonary ventilatory function in the (1972) ABCC, pp. 14-72. , -JNIH Adult Health Study population, Hiroshima.,Technical,Report; Belsky, J.L., Moriyama, L.M., Aging studies in atomic bomb survivors. (1978) RERF, pp. 11-78. , Fujita, S. and Kawamoto, S. (,Technical,Report; Sasaki, H., Yamada, M., Sawada, H., Kodama, K., Study of cardiac performance of A-bomb survivors (using the mechanocardiogram (1984) Nagasaki Igakkai Zasshi-Nagasaki Med. J., 59, pp. 554-559; Dock, D.S., Fukushima, K., (1978) A longitudinal study of arterial blood pressure in the, pp. 1458-1972; Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Kitano, K., Yamada, M., Fujiwara, S., Neriishi, K., Hosoda, Y., Kato, H., Secular trends of blood pressure in A-bomb survivors. (1986) Nagasaki Igakkai Zasshi-Nagasaki Med. J., 61, pp. 442-448; Sawada, H., Kodama, K., Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., (1986) Adult Health Study Report 6: Results of six examination cycles, , Hiroshima and Nagasaki, RERF,Technical,Report; Mihara, F., Fukuya, T., Nakata, H., Mizuno, S., Russell, W., Manifestations of aging on serial chest radiography: A longitudinal investigation. (1988) RERF, pp. 16-88. , J. and Hosoda, Y. (,Technical,Report; Fujita, S., Sasaki, H., Neriishi, K., Ochi, Y., Kato, H., Hosoda, Y., Evaluation of index of physiological measurements: A predictor of mortality or morbidity associated with aging. (1986) RERF Research Protocol, pp. 4-86; Toyama, K., Hazama, R., Wakabayashi, T., Miyake, S., Nagataki, S., Actual state survey of diabetes mellitus in RERF, Nagasaki study subjects - Report 2. (1986) Hiroshima Igaku-Hiroshima Med, 39 (3), pp. 503-506; Yamada, M., Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in Adult Health Study participants. (1986) Hiroshima Igaku-Hiroshima Med, 39 (3), pp. 446-451; Neriishi, K., Matsuo, T., Ishimaru, T., Radiation exposure and serum protein (1986) a, p, pp. 449-454; Caplan, R.A., Odoroff, C.L., Ozaki, K., Hamilton, H., Lymphocyte cytotoxicity of colchicine in Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors, pp. 9-78; Sasagawa, S., Yoshimoto, Y., Toyota, E., Neriishi, S., Yamakido, M., Whole-blood phagocytic and bactericidal activities of atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (1989) RERF, pp. 1-89. , Hosoda, Y. and Finch, S. C. (,Technical,Report; Finch, S.C., A review of immunologic and infectious disease studies at ABCC- (1979) RERF, pp. 22-79. , Technical,Report; Oesterle, S.N., Notman, J., Long term observation on absolute lymphocyte counts in the Adult Health Study sample, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (1979) RERF, pp. 10-79. , E., Jr. (,Technical,Report; Yamakido, M., Akiyama, M., Dock, D., T and B cells and PH A response of peripheral lymphocytes among atomic bomb survivors. (1983) Radiat. Res., 93, pp. 572-580; Yamada, Y., Ishimaru, T., Neriishi, S., Hamilton, H., Effects of atomic bomb radiation on the differentiation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes and on the function of concanavalin A-induced suppressor T lymphocytes. (1984) RERF, pp. 1-84. , B. and Ichimaru, M. (,Technical,Report; Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of atomic bomb survivors using monoclonal antibodies. (1986) J, Radiat. Res. (Tokyo), 27, pp. 255-266; Akiyama, M., Zhou, O., Kusunoki, Y., Kyoizumi, S., Kohno, N., Akiba, S., Delongchamp, R.R., Age- and dose-related alteration of in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture response of blood lymphocytes from A-bomb survivors. (1989) Radiat. Res., 117, pp. 26-34; Akiyama, M., Kusunoki, Y., Bloom, E., Immunological responses of A-bomb survivors, Radiat. (1988) Res., 116, pp. 343-355; Ozaki, K., Kyoizumi, S., Mizuno, S., Akiyama, M., Late effects of A-bomb radiation on human immune response. VI. Anti-EB virus antibody titer in sera of A-bomb survivors. (1990) Hiroshima Igaku-Hiroshima Med. J., 43, pp. 523-524; Kusunoki, Y., Age-related alteration in the composition of immunocompetent blood cells in atomic bomb survivors. (1988) Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 53, pp. 189-198. , Akiyama, M Kyoizumi, S., Bloom, E, T. and Makinodan, T; Hakoda, M., Akiyama, M., Kyoizumi, S., Awa, A., Increased somatic cell mutant freoquency in atomic bomb survivors. (1988) Mutat. Res., 201, pp. 39-48; Kyoizumi, S., Nakamura, N., Hakoda, M., Awa, A., Detection of somatic mutations at the glycophorin-A locus in erythrocytes of atomic bomb survivors using a single beam flow sorter. (1989) Cancer Res., 49, pp. 581-588; Kyoizumi, S., Akiyama, M., Hirai, Y., Kusunoki, Y., Tanabe, K., Umeki, S., Nakamura, N., Yamakido, M., Spontaneousloss and alteration of antigen receptor expression in mature CD4 + T cells. (1989) RERF, pp. 22-89. , Technical,Report; Hirai, Y., Kyoizumi, S., Kushiro, J., Nakamura, N., Akiyama, M., Age-related increase of somatic mutation frequency. (1990) In Radiation Effects Research Foundation AgIng Workshop Workbook., pp. 156-158. , Hiroshima, Japan,RERF; Sofuni, T., Tanabe, K., Matsui, T., Awa, A.A., Proliferation of cultured human leukocytes. (1975) ABCC, pp. 1-75. , Technical,Report; Awa, A.A., Sofuni, T., Honda, T., (1977) Toward Risk Estimates of Radiation, 27; Ohtaki, K., Kodama, Y., (1985) Cytogenetic study of in-utero exposed A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I. Aneuploidy in Hiroshima in-utero exposed individuals, RERF Research Protocol, pp. 3-85; Choshi, K., Takaku, I., Mishima, H., Takase, T., Neriishi, S., Finch, S., Ophthalmologic changes related to radiation exposure and age in the Adult Health Study sample, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (1982) RERF, pp. 8-82. , C. and Otake, M. (,Technical,Report; Neriishi, K., Sawada, H., Ishimaru, T., Imamura, N., Kuramoto, A., Incidence of refractory anemia in the 13th cycle of the Adult Health Study sample. (1986) Hiroshima Igaku-Hiroshima Med, 39 (3), pp. 452-454; Robertson, T.L., Shimizu, Y., Kato, H., Kodama, K., Furonaka, H., Fukunaga, Y., Lin, C., H., Danzig; (1979) Incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease in atomic bomb survivors living in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , O. and Kawamoto, S (,RERF,Technical,Report; Kodama, K., Shimizu, Y., Sawada, H., Kato, H., (1984) Incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease in the Adult Health Study sample, , RERF,Technical,Report; Kunishige, H., Eyeground photography in cardiovascular disease study. (1972) ABCC, pp. 26-72. , ayqond Kato, (,Technical,Report; Tsukamoto, Y., Onitsuka, H., Lee, K., Roentgenological aspects of ankylosing spinal hyperostosis. (1975) ABCC, pp. 20-75. , Technical,Report; Brodsky, J.B., Moore, D.F., Kawate, R., Hamilton, H.B., (1985) Diabetes, glycosuria, and proteinuria in a, pp. 11-85. , Japanese,cohort followed for 20 years. RERF,Technical,Report; Fujiwara, S., Mizuno, S., Ochi, Y., Sasaki, H., Kodama, K., Russell, W., (1989) Incidence of thoracic vertebral fractures among Adult Health Study participants, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , J. and Hosoda, Y. (,RERF,Technical,Report; Akahoshi, M., Matsuo, T., Kodama, K., Shimaoka, K., Occurrence of dementia in Adult Health Study population. (1990) Hiroshima Igaku-Hiroshima Med, 43 (3), pp. 548-550; Shock, N.W., Greulich, R.C., Costa, P.T., Andres, R., Lakatta, E., Normal Human Aging: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. (1984) NIH Pub. No., pp. 84-2450. , G., Arenberg, D, and Tobin, J. D. (,Bethesda, Md.,National Institutes of Health; Wong, F.L., Growth Curve analysis of total serum cholesterol and blood pressure in the Adult Health Study cohort. (1990) In Radiation Effects Research Foundation Aging Workshop Workbook., pp. 131-137. , Hiroshima, Japan,RERF; Finch, S.C., Finch, C., Summary of the studies at ABCC- (1988) RERF, pp. 23-88. , A. ( concerning the late hematologic effects of atomic bomb exposure in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.,Technical,yReport; Shigematsu, I., Present status and future prospects of research on late health effects of atomic bomb radiation. (1990) Hiroshima Igaku-Hiroshima Med, 43 (3), pp. 357-364 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026116033&doi=10.1269%2fjrr.32.SUPPLEMENT_310&partnerID=40&md5=b2fb9bb0a54ba7a51656005a6ed8bf69 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biosocial Correlates Of Stature In A 16-Year-Old British Cohort T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 401 EP - 408 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1017/S0021932000019507 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Terrell, T.R. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G. AD - Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Medical School, Emory University, Atlanta, United States AB - Analyses of the height variation of 16-year-old members of the British National Child Development Study revealed a number of biological and social variables which associated with stature. After multiple regression analyses only eight variables, namely social class, family size, tenure (owner occupied or one of several types of rented home), crowding status, number of children sleeping in the bed, region of the country, sex of child, and pubic hair rating, remained significant. The total variation explained by these biosocial variables was 37.5%. © 1991, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - article KW - bed KW - birth order KW - body height KW - child development KW - crowding KW - family size KW - female KW - gender KW - household KW - human KW - male KW - normal human KW - regression analysis KW - social class KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Puberty KW - Regression Analysis KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1939288 LA - English N1 - References: Belmont, L., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Comparisons of associations of birth order with intelligence test score end height (1975) Nature, Lond., 255, p. 54; Butler, N.R., Alberman, R., Perinatal Mortality (1969) Livingstone, , Edinburgh; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.C., Perinatal Mortality (1963) Livingstone, , Edinburgh; Christiansen, N., Mora, J.O., Herrera, M., Guillermo, M., Family social characteristics related to physical growth of young children (1975) Br. J. prev. soc. Med., 29, p. 121; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study (1972), Longman London; Douglas, J.W.B., Simpson, H.R., Height in relation to puberty, family size and social class (1964) Millbank meml Fund Q. Bull., 42, p. 20; Finklestein, J.W., Roffwarg, H.P., Boyer, R.M., Krean, J., Hellman, L., Age related change in the 24-hour spontaneous secretion of growth hormone (1972) J. clin. Endocr. Metab., 35, p. 665; Fogelman, K., Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds (1983) National Children’s Bureau, , London; Golding, J., Cross-cultural correlates of ill-health in childhood (1986) The Health and Development of Children., , Edited by H. B. Miles & E. Still. Eugenics Society, London; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children—results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, p. 1; Hermanussen, M., Hermanussen, B., Burmeister, J., The association between birth order and adult stature (1989) Ann. hum. Biol., 15, p. 161; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Ann. hum. Biol., 16, p. 1; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban children in relation to socioeconomic factors (1976) Ann. hum. Biol., 3, p. 510; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The biology of social class (1990) Biosocial Aspects of Social Class, , Edited by C. G. N. Mascie-Taylor. Oxford University Press, Oxford; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial influences on stature: a review (1991) J. biosoc. Sci., 23, p. 113; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Boldsen, J.L., Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Ann. hum. Biol., 12, p. 315; Miller, F.J.W., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle-upon-Tyne children (1972) Br. J. prev. soc. Med., 26, p. 224; Neligan, G.A., Prudham, D., Family factors affecting child development (1976) Archs Dis. Childh., 51, p. 853; Preece, M.A., Prepubertal and pubertal endocrinology (1985) Human Growth, 2. , 2nd edn Edited by J. Falkner & J. M. Tanner. Plenum Press, London; Preece, M.A., Holder, A.T., The somatomedins: a family of serum growth factors (1982) Recent Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2. , Edited by J. L. H. O'Riordan. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Tanner, J.M., Growth at Adolescence (1962), 2nd edn. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford; Topp, S.G., Cook, J., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of school children (1970) Br. J. prev. soc. Med., 24, p. 154 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025815023&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932000019507&partnerID=40&md5=ee32d9c8d5975bfafc56c502121c5b90 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Alcohol and drug use in a Scottish cohort: 10 years on T2 - British Journal of Addiction J2 - Br. J. Addict. VL - 86 IS - 7 SP - 895 EP - 904 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01845.x SN - 09520481 (ISSN) AU - BAGNALL, G. AD - Alcohol Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, United Kingdom AB - This paper reports the findings from a survey which elicited detailed information on patterns of alcohol use amongst a cohort of young adults. It is the fourth wave of data collection in a longitudinal study which began in 1979 on a study group of 1036 15–16 year olds attending schools in the Lothian region of Scotland. The longitudinal analysis presented here suggests that for this cohort, patterns of alcohol use at age 15–16 bear little relation to those at age 24–25 years. These findings are discussed, and compared in detail with the more limited alcohol data from the larger‐scale National Child Development Study. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - alcoholism KW - article KW - drug abuse KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Alcoholism KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Psychotropic Drugs KW - Scotland KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1912742 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: BAGNALL, G.; Alcohol Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Psychotropic Drugs N1 - References: Aquilino, W.S., LoSciuto, L.A., (1989), Effects of mode of data collection on the validity of reported drug use. Feature Paper, Institute for Survey Research, Temple University, Philadelphia; Bachman, J.G., O'Malley, P., Johnston, L.D., Adolescence to adulthood: Change and stability in the lives of young men (1978) Youth in Transition, 1. , Ann Arbor, Institute for Social Research; Clark, W.B., Cahalan, D., Changes in problem drinking over a four year span (1976) Addictive Behaviors, 1, pp. 251-260; Fillmore, K.M., (1988) Alcohol Use Across the Life Course. A Critical review of 70 years of International Longitudinal Research, , Toronto, Addiction Research Foundation; Ghodsian, M., Power, C., Alcohol consumption between the ages of 16 and 23 in Britain: a longitudinal study (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 175-180; Jessor, R., Jessor, S.L., (1977) Problem Behavior and Psychosocial Development: a longitudinal study of youth, , New York, Academic Press; Kandel, D.B., Convergences in prospective longitudinal surveys of drug use in normal populations (1978) Longitudinal Research on Drug Use, , Kandel, D. B., Washington, DC, Hemisphere Halstead/Wiley; Mangione, T.W., Hingson, R., Barret, J., Collecting sensitive data: A comparison of three survey strategies (1982) Sociological Methods & Research, 10, pp. 337-346; Oppenheim, A.N., (1976) Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement, , London, Heinemann; Plant, M.A., Peck, D., Samuel, E., (1985) Alcohol, Drugs and School‐Leavers, , London, Tavistock; Power, C., Estaugh, V., The role of family formation and dissolution in shaping drinking behaviour in early adulthood (1990) British Journal of Addiction, 85, pp. 521-530; Ritson, B., Peck, D., Consistency of reported levels of alcohol‐related problems in the community (1989) British Journal of Addiction, 84, pp. 901-905; Robins, L.N., (1966) Deviant Children Growing Up, , Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins; Robins, L.N., Murphy, G.E., Breckenridge, M.B., Drinking behavior of young urban Negro men (1968) Quarterly Journal of Studies in Alcohol, 29, pp. 657-684; (1986) Alcohol: our favourite drug, , London, Tavistock UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025862031&doi=10.1111%2fj.1360-0443.1991.tb01845.x&partnerID=40&md5=6754d8c13d86dcac8b63cec89d9b27c5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - British perinatal mortality survey T2 - Midwifery J2 - Midwifery VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 152 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1016/S0266-6138(05)80056-7 SN - 02666138 (ISSN) AU - Wildschut, H. AD - Child Health Institute Division Epidemiology St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom KW - autopsy KW - cause of death KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - letter KW - newborn KW - United Kingdom KW - Autopsy KW - Cause of Death KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Letter DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: MIDWE C2 - 1943823 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wildschut, H.Child Health Institute Division Epidemiology St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Butler, Bonham, (1963) Perinatal Mortality. The first report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone Ltd; Baird, Thomson, The survey perinatal deaths re-classified by special clinico-pathological assessment (1969) Perinatal Problem The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality survey, , NR Butler, ED Alberman, E & S Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh; Shah, Risk factors for birth asphyxia and brain damage in pregnancy and labour (1990) Midwifery, 6, pp. 155-164 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026227767&doi=10.1016%2fS0266-6138%2805%2980056-7&partnerID=40&md5=96338c1bd2ee7012f54fb6e271610aef ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marital distance and child variability T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 121 EP - 126 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1080/03014469100001462 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Schmitt, L.H. AU - Harrison, G.A. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia AD - Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - The effects of marital distance on the mean and variance of child stature and weight were investigated using the British National Child Development Study data. Children of large marital distance unions had mean values as predicted from mid-parent values and did not exhibit a hybrid vigour effect. However, they did show reduced levels of variability and this effect was most marked at 16 years, although it was also present at 7 and 11 years of age. These results are discussed in terms of large marital distance being associated with high heterozygosity levels, because of geographic variation in gene frequencies. © 1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - adolescent KW - article KW - body height KW - body weight KW - child KW - female KW - genetic variability KW - genetics KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - marriage KW - population dynamics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Marriage KW - Population Dynamics KW - Statistics KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Variation (Genetics) PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 2024946 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schmitt, L.H.; Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, University of Western AustraliaAustralia N1 - References: Broman, B., Dahlberg, G., Lichtenstein, A., Height and weight during growth (1942) Acta Paediatrica (Uppsala), 30, pp. 1-66; Davis, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman, London; Falconer, D.S., (1981) Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, , Longman, London 2nd edition; Harrison, G.A., The impact of mechanized transport on the biology of human populations (1988) Perspectives in Human Biology (Proceedings of the Australasian Society for Human Biology No. 1), pp. 147-156. , Eds. Bruce N.W., Freedman L., Blumer W.F.C. The Centre for Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Harrison, G.A., Schmitt, L.H., Variability in stature growth (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 45-51; Hulse, F.S., Exogamie et heterosis (1958) Archives suisses d'Anthropologie generale, 22, pp. 103-125; Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The framework of migration studies (1988) Biological Aspects of Human Migration, , Eds. Mascie-Taylor C.G.N., Lasker G.W. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Lerner, I.M., (1954) Genetic Homeostasis, , Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Boldsen, J.L., Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Annals of Human Biology, 12, pp. 315-324; Mather, K., Genetical control of stability in development (1953) Heredity, 7, pp. 297-336; Mourant, A.E., Kopec, A.C., Domaniewska-Sobczak, K., (1976) The Distribution of the Human Blood Groups and other Polymorphisms, , Oxford University Press, London 2nd edition; Schull, W.J., Neel, J.V., Sex linkage, inbreeding, and growth in childhood (1963) American Journal of Human Genetics, 15, pp. 106-114; Slatis, H.M., Hoene, R.E., The effect of consanguinity on the distribution of continuously variable characteristics (1961) American Journal of Human Genetics, 13, pp. 28-31; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, , Blackwell, Oxford 2nd edition; Wright, S., (1977) Evolution and the Genetics of Populations. Experimental Results and Evolutionary Deductions, 7. , The University of Chicago Press, Chicago UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026126763&doi=10.1080%2f03014469100001462&partnerID=40&md5=2ba81386f6201fa74b685b1b2f30ef49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mathematical ability and the right-shift theory of handedness T2 - Neuropsychologia J2 - Neuropsychologia VL - 29 IS - 11 SP - 1075 EP - 1082 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90077-L SN - 00283932 (ISSN) AU - Whittington, J.E. AU - Richards, P.N. AD - MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, CB2 2EF, United Kingdom AD - School of Education, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom AB - A genetic theory of handedness, the right-shift theory, associates differential patterns of cerebral functioning with contrasting handedness groups and suggests that individuals with an rs++ genotype will be disadvantaged in mathematical performance. This hypothesis is investigated with contrasting handedness groups drawn from a national sample of over 11 000 children from the National Child Development Study. Some differentiation in cognitive performance between handedness groups is found in the direction predicted by the right-shift theory but the level of the findings is not statistically significant. The rs++/mathematical deficit hypothesis is not confirmed. © 1991. KW - article KW - child KW - child development KW - cognitive development KW - female KW - human KW - hypothesis KW - language KW - male KW - mathematics KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - right handedness KW - Achievement KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aptitude KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Gene Frequency KW - Genotype KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Laterality KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mathematics KW - Models, Genetic N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NUPSA C2 - 1775226 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Whittington, J.E.; MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, CB2 2EF, United Kingdom N1 - References: Annett, The distribution of manual symmetry (1972) Br. J. Psychol., 63, pp. 343-358; Annett, (1985) Left, Right, Hand and Brain: The Right Shift Theory, , Lawrence Erlbaum, London; Annett, Kilshaw, Mathematical ability and lateral asymmetry (1982) Cortex, 18, pp. 547-568; Annett, Kilshaw, Lateral preference and skill in dyslexics: Implications of the right-shift theory (1984) J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 25, pp. 357-377; Annett, Manning, Arithmetic and laterality (1990) Neuropsychologia, 28, pp. 61-69; French, Attree, The relationship between laterality and numerical and spatial ability (1989) Neuropsychologia, 27, pp. 1019-1022; Rasmussen, Milner, Clinical and surgical studies of the cerebral speech areas in man (1975) Otfrid Foerster Symposium on Cerebral Localization, , K.Z. Zulch, O. Creutzfeldt, G.C. Galbraith, Springer, Heidelberg; Steenhuis, Bryden, Different dimensions of hand preference that relate to skilled and unskilled activities (1989) Cortex, 25, pp. 289-304; Thorndike, (1963) The Concepts of Over and Under-Achivement, , Teachers' College, Columbia University, New York; Whittington, J.E. and Richrads, P.N. The stability of children's laterality prevalences and their relationship to measures of performance. Br. J. Educ. Psychol.57, 45–55UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026042520&doi=10.1016%2f0028-3932%2891%2990077-L&partnerID=40&md5=e114b68028fd3edff7352cf3f3b06454 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Women's lung cancer mortality, socio-economic status and changing smoking patterns T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 32 IS - 10 SP - 1105 EP - 1110 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90086-R SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Pugh, H. AU - Power, C. AU - Goldblatt, P. AU - Arber, S. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, EC1V OHB, United Kingdom AD - Stratification and Employment Group, Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom AB - Mortality data from the OPCS Longitudinal Study were used to determine whether the conventional classification of married women by their husband's occupation under-estimates the extent of social differences in lung cancer among this group. Differences existed for social class measures but alternatives based on housing tenure and car access defined socio-economic differences wider than any other previously recorded for England and Wales: married women living in rented housing and without a car were two and a half times as likely to die from lung cancer than those in owner occupied housing with access to a car. In 1957 and 1974 mothers of children included in the 1958 cohort study showed parallel socio-economic differences in smoking patterns as well as in uptake and cessation rates. Data from the General Household Survey for 1982 similarly suggest that cigarette smoking is more sharply differentiated using household rather than occupational measures of class. This suggests that wide differences in mortality are likely to persist through the eighties and beyond. © 1991. KW - car access KW - housing tenure KW - lung cancer mortality KW - smoking uptake and cessation KW - social class KW - cancer incidence KW - car access KW - housing tenure KW - lung cancer KW - married women KW - mortality rate KW - smoking pattern KW - socio-economic satus KW - UK, England KW - UK, Wales KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - cancer mortality KW - car KW - female KW - housing KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - lung cancer KW - major clinical study KW - patient coding KW - smoking KW - social status KW - united kingdom KW - Adult KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Prevalence KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Survival Analysis N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 2068593 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, EC1V OHB, United Kingdom N1 - References: Marmot, McDowell, Mortality decline and widening social inequalities (1986) Lancet, 2, pp. 274-276; Logan, Cancer Mortality by Occupation and Social Class 1851–1971 (1982) IARC SP no 36/OPCS SMPS no. 44, , IARC/HMSO, Lyon/London; OPCS & Cancer Research Campaign, Cancer Statistics: Incidence, Survival and Mortality in England and Wales (1981) SMPS No. 43, , HMSO, London; Townsend, Davidson, Whitehead, (1988) Inequalities in Health: the Black Report and the Health Divide, , Penguin, London; Moser, Pugh, Goldblatt, Inequalities in women's health: looking at mortality differentials using an alternative approach (1988) Br. Med. J., 296, pp. 1221-1224; Townsend, Phillmore, Beattie, (1988) Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North, , Croom Helm, London; Arber, Gender and class inequalities in health: understanding the differentials (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, , A.J. Fox, Gower, Aldershot; Doll, Peto, Cigarette smoking and bronchial carcinoma: dose and time relationships among regular smokers and lifelong non-smokers (1978) J. Epidem. Commun. Hlth, 32, pp. 303-313; OPCS, (1984) General Household Survey 1982, , HMSO, London; Butler, Bonham, (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Fox, Goldblatt, Socio-Demographic Mortality Differentials: Longitudinal Study 1971–1975 (1982) LS No. 1, , HMSO, London; Fox, Goldblatt, Jones, Social class mortality differentials: artefact, selection or life circumstances? (1985) J. Epidem. Commun. Hlth, 39, pp. 1-8; Goldblatt, Longitudinal Study: Mortality and Social Organisation 1971–1981 (1990) LS No. 6, , HMSO, London; Doll, Peto, Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observation on male British doctors (1976) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 1525-1536; Doll, Gray, Hafner, Peto, Mortality in relation to smoking: 22 years' observation on female doctors (1980) Br. Med. J., 1, pp. 967-971; Fogelman, (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , Macmillan, London; OPCS, Occupational Mortality 1970–1972: Decennial Supplement (1978) Series DS No. 1, , HMSO, London; OPCS, Occupational Mortality 1979–1980, 1982–1983: Decennial Supplement (1986) Series DS No. 6, , HMSO, London; Townsend, Smoking and lung cancer: a cohort data study of men and women in England and Wales 1935–1970 (1978) J.R. Statist. Society, 141 A, pp. 95-107; Wald, Kiryluk, Darby, Pike, Peto, (1988) U.K. Smoking Statistics, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Townsend, Smoking and class (1978) New Society, 43, pp. 709-710; Lee, Statistics of smoking in the United Kingdom (1976) Research Paper 1, , 7th edition, Tobacco Research Council; McKennell, Thomas, (1967) Adults and Adolescents Attitudes Towards Smoking, , HMSO, London; Osmond, Gardner, Age, period and cohort models applied to cancer mortality rates (1982) Statist. Med., 1, pp. 245-259; Graham, Women's smoking and family health (1988) Soc. Sci. Med., 25, pp. 47-56; Graham, Women and smoking in the United Kingdom the implications for health promotion (1989) Health Promotion International, 3, pp. 371-382 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025829682&doi=10.1016%2f0277-9536%2891%2990086-R&partnerID=40&md5=dc12c2588e2e6e85e3564d9f647d5d84 ER - TY - JOUR TI - West Midlands perinatal mortality survey, 1987. An audit of 300 perinatal autopsies T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 98 IS - 7 SP - 624 EP - 627 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13446.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - RUSHTON, D.I. AD - Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TJ, United Kingdom AB - Summary. As part of the West Midlands regional perinatal mortality survey an audit of perinatal autopsies was performed in 10 of 20 districts in the region. Autopsy reports were available from 300 of the 426 deaths (70%) reported in these districts. These were coded for 8 aspects including the clinical summary, body measurements, descriptive content, organ weights, post mortem radiology and microbiology, histology and other relevant investigations e.g., biochemistry, cytogenetics. Overall 44% of the autopsies failed to attain an arbitrary minimum score of 300, the mean score being 299. Excluding those autopsies performed at the regional centre these figures were 50% and 268 respectively. These data indicate that a high autopsy rate does not necessarily reflect a high quality of service and further emphasise the concerns that have been expressed by obstetricians, paediatricians, geneticists, parents and parliamentarians about the perinatal pathology services in the United Kingdom. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - article KW - autopsy KW - female KW - fetus KW - human KW - male KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - priority journal KW - Autopsy KW - England KW - Health Surveys KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant Mortality KW - Medical Audit N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1883784 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: RUSHTON, D.I.; Birmingham Maternity Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, United Kingdom N1 - References: Anderson, N.H., Shanks, J.H., McCluggage, C.W.G., Toner, P.G., Necropsies in clinical audit (1989) J Clin Pathol, 42, pp. 897-901; Clayton‐Smith, J., Farndon, P.A., McKeown, C., Donnai, D., Examination of fetuses after induced abortion for fetal abnormality (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 295-297; (1989), Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in England and Wales 1982–1984. Report on Health and Social Subjects 34, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London; Duley, L.M.M., A validation of underlying cause of death as recorded by clinicians on stillbirth and neonatal death certificates (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1233-1235; Favara, B.E., Cottreau, C., McIntyre, L., Valdes Dapcna, M.A., Pacdiatric pathology and the autopsy (1989) Pediatr Pathol, 9, pp. 109-116; Forrest, G.C., Standish, E., Baum, J.D., Support after perinatal death: A study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement (1982) Br Med J, 285, pp. 1475-1479; Gau, G., The ultimate audit (1977) Br Med J, 1, pp. 1580-1581; Harrison, M., Hourihane, D.O'B., Quality assurance programme for necropsies (1989) J Clin Pathol, 42, pp. 1190-1193; (1988) Report on Fetal and Perinatal Pathology, , RCOG, London; Opitz, J.M., Prenatal and perinatal death. The future of developmental pathology (1987) Fetal & Pediatric Pathology, 7, pp. 363-394; Report on paediatric and perinatal pathology (1990) Bulletin of the Royal College of Pathologists, 69, pp. 10-13; Russell, G.A., Berry, P.J., Post mortem audit in a paediatric cardiology unit (1989) J Clin Pathol, 42, pp. 912-918; Shen‐Schwarz, S., Neish, C., Hill, L.M., Antenatal ultrasound for fetal abnormalities. Importance of perinatal autopsy (1989) Fetal & Pediatric Pathology, 9, pp. 1-9; Valdes‐Dapena, M.A., The pathologist's conference with parents following post mortem examination of their child. An application of the Kubler‐Ross concept (1979) Paediatr Pathol, 5, pp. 263-267; Wigglesworth, J.S., Investigation of perinatal death (1987) Arch Dis Child, 62, pp. 1207-1208 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025847871&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1991.tb13446.x&partnerID=40&md5=d026edcfe6fbece9f5a7e66abcf4f15c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 411 EP - 417 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90342-A SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, EC1V 0HB England, United Kingdom AB - This paper considers which socio-economic factors in childhood and early adulthood are most strongly associated with social class differences in health at age 23. Longitudinal data from the 1958 (NCDS) cohort were used for this purpose. By age 23 class gradients were evident for several health measures, including self-rated health, 'malaise', psychological morbidity and height. The contribution of earlier socio-economic background was established by assessing how far class differences in the health indicators were reduced by controlling for earlier circumstances. While class differentials were not eliminated after taking account of earlier circumstances, substantial reductions were associated with a number of factors in childhood, in particular social class, housing tenure, crowding, family size and receipt of free school meals. More recent experiences of unemployment and family formation were also important. © 1991. KW - height KW - longitudinal data KW - previous socio-economic conditions KW - psychosocial health KW - social class KW - young adults KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - body height KW - female KW - health status KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - psychosocial environment KW - school child KW - social class KW - socioeconomics KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crowding KW - Family Characteristics KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Housing KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 2024156 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, EC1V 0HB England, United Kingdom N1 - References: Department of Health and Social Security, (1980) Inequalities in Health. Report of a research working group, , DHSS, London; Fox, (1989) Health Inequalities in European Countries, , Gower, Aldershot; Whitehead, The health divide (1988) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, , P. Townsend, N. Davidson, M. Whitehead, Penguin, London; Wilkinson, (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, , Tavistock, London; Lundberg, Causal explanations for class inequality in health: an empirical analysis (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 385-393; Illsley, Social class selection and class differences in relation to stillbirths and infant deaths (1955) BMJ, 2, pp. 1520-1524; Illsley, Occupational class, selection and inequalities in health (1986) Q. Jl soc. Affairs, 2, pp. 151-165; Power, Fogelman, Fox, Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Q. Jl soc. Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Power, Manor, Fox, Fogelman, Health in childhood and social inequalities in health in young adults (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society), 153, pp. 17-28; Forsdahl, Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br. J. prev. soc. Med., 31, pp. 91-95; Kiernan, Colley, Douglas, Reid, Chronic cough in young adults in relation to smoking habits, childhood environment and chest illness (1976) Respiration, 33, pp. 236-244; Tibbenham, Gorbach, Peckham, Richardson, The influence of family size on height (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , K. Fogelman, Macmillan, London; Martin, Responding to a public need: a study of housing and health (1987) Radcl Commun. Med., 30, pp. 28-34; Strachan D. P. Damp housing and childhood asthma: validation of reporting symptoms. Br. med. J. 297, 1223–1226; B.M.A., (1987) Deprivation and ill-health, , Board of Science and Education, British Medical Association; Cole-Hamilton, Lang, (1986) Tightening belts: a report on the impact of poverty on food, , The London Food Commission; Rona, Swan, Altman, Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidem. Commun. Hlth, 32, pp. 147-154; Smith, (1987) Unemployment and Health, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Banks, Jackson, Unemployment and risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence (1982) Psychol. Med., 12, pp. 789-798; Brown, Harris, (1978) Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , Tavistock, London; Berkman, Breslow, (1983) Health and Ways of Living. The Alameda County Study, , Oxford University Press, New York; Orth-Gomer, Johnson, Social network interaction and mortality a six year follow-up study of a random sample of the Swedish population (1987) Journal of Chronic Diseases, 40, pp. 949-957; Butler, Bonham, (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Davie, Butler, Goldstein, (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longmans in association with National Children's Bureau, London; Fogelman, (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , Macmillan, London; Micklewright, A note on household income data on NCDS3 (1986) NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 18, , City University; Webber, (1977) The classification of residential neighbourhoods: an introduction to the classification of wards and parishes, , Centre for Environmental Studies; Ghodsian, Fogelman, A longitudinal study of housing and social circumstances in childhood and early adulthood (1988) NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 29, , City University; Payne, Summary variables for employment history data (1983) NCDS4 Working Paper No. 16, , City University; Rutter, Tizard, Whitmore, (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London; Rutter, Tizard, Yule, Graham, Isle of Wight studies: 1964–1974 (1976) Psychol. Med., 6, pp. 313-332; Blaxter, (1990) Health and Lifestyles, , Routledge, London; Sinclair, (1985) Human Growth After Birth, , Oxford Medical, Oxford; Wadsworth, (1979) Roots of Delinquency, , Robertson, Oxford; Tennant, Female vulnerability to depression (1985) Psychol. Med., 15, pp. 733-737; Bartley, Unemployment and health selection or causation—a false antithesis? (1988) Sociology of Health and Illness, 10, pp. 41-67; Payne, Warr, Hartley, Social class and psychological ill-health during unemployment (1984) Soc. Hlth Illness, 6, pp. 152-174; Warr, Parry, Paid employment and women's psychological well-being (1982) Psychol. Bull., 91, pp. 498-516; Power, Manor, Fox, Fogelman, Health selection: an explanation for inequalities in health in young adults? (1988) NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 28, , City University; Kiernan, Transitions in young adulthood (1986) Proceedings of the British Society for Population Studies, , 2nd edn, Conference on Population Research in Britain; Smith, Mumford, (1980) Adolescent Pregnancy: Perspectives for Health Professionals, , Hall & Co, Boston; Blane, An assessment of the Black Report's explanations of health inequalities (1985) Soc. Hlth Illness, 7, pp. 421-425; Blaxter, Health services as a defence against the consequences of poverty in industrialised societies (1983) Soc. Sci. Med., 17, pp. 1139-1148 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026101798&doi=10.1016%2f0277-9536%2891%2990342-A&partnerID=40&md5=fbfc526a80028cbf00f021211393370d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent injuries T2 - Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics J2 - J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 92 EP - 97 PY - 1991 SN - 0196206X (ISSN) AU - Bijur, P.E. AU - Kurzon, M. AU - Hamelsky, V. AU - Power, C. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom AB - Several studies have linked cumulative measures of stress to injuries, however none have examined the relationship between a prevalent stressor in adolescence, conflict between the parent and adolescent, and injuries. Data for this study came from 8231 British adolescents born one week in 1958 who had information on injuries between ages 15 and 17 available. A conflict scale was devised by summing mothers' assessments of the frequency of arguments with their 16-year-old offspring about eight problem areas. This scale had a linear association with injury rates for both boys and girls. Adolescent boys with high levels of conflict (> 90th percentile on conflict scale) had 2.9 times the rate of injuries resulting in hospitalization compared with boys from low conflict families (< 25th percentile), and 1.6 times the number of injuries resulting in outpatient care. Girls with high levels of conflict had 2.9 times the hospitalized injuries and 1.8 times the rate of less severe injuries compared with girls with low conflict. These findings suggest that conflictual parent-adolescent relationships may be an indicator of increased injuries in adolescents. © 1991 by Williams & Wilkins. KW - accident KW - adolescent KW - article KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - conflict KW - ego development KW - female KW - gender identity KW - guilt KW - hospitalization KW - human KW - incidence KW - individualization KW - injury KW - male KW - mental stress KW - personality test KW - prevalence KW - psychoanalytic theory KW - psychological aspect KW - Accidents KW - Adolescent KW - Cohort Studies KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Gender Identity KW - Guilt KW - Hospitalization KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Individuation KW - Male KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Personality Development KW - Personality Tests KW - Psychoanalytic Theory KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Wounds and Injuries N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2045489 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bijur, P.E.; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States N1 - References: Montemayor, R., Family variation in parent-adolescent storm and stress (1986) J Adolesc Res, 1, pp. 15-31; Harel, Y., Family psychosocial contributors to childhood injuries (1987) Doctoral Dissertation, , University of Michigan; Selzer, M.L., Vinokur, A., Life events, subjective stress and traffic accidents (1974) Am J Psychiatry, 131, pp. 903-906; Padilla, E.R., Rosenhow, D.J., Bergman, A.B., Predicting accident frequency in children (1976) Pediatrics, 58, pp. 223-226; Hardy, C.J., Reihl, M.A., An examination of the life stress-injury relationship among noncontact sport participants (1988) Behav Med, 14, pp. 113-118; Beautrais, A.L., Fergusson, B.A., Shannon, F.T., Life events and childhood morbidity: A prospective study (1982) Pediatrics, 70, pp. 935-940; Sibert, J.R., Stress in families of children who have ingested poisons (1975) Br Med J, 3, pp. 87-89; Lysens, R., Vanden Auweele, Y., Ostyn, M., The relationship between psychosocial factors and sports injuries (1986) J Sports Med, 26, pp. 77-84; Freud, A., Adolescence (1958) Psychoanal Study Child, 13, pp. 225-278; Erikson, E.H., (1968) Identity: Youth and Crisis, , New York, Norton; Hall, J.A., Parent-adolescent conflict: An empirical review (1987) Adolescence, 22, pp. 757-789; Prosen, H., Toews, J., Martin, R., The life cycle of the family: Parental midlife crisis and adolescent rebellion (1981) Adolescent Psychiatry, 4. , Feinstein SC, et al (eds): Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press; Alexander, F., The accident-prone individual (1949) Public Health Rep, 64, pp. 357-362; Libbey, P., Bybee, R., The physical abuse of adolescents (1979) J Soc Issues, 35, pp. 101-126; Garbarino, J., Meeting the needs of mistreated youths (1980) Soc Work, 25, pp. 122-126; Ellers, B., Status and childhood injury (1988) New England Injury Prevention Research Center Working Paper Series No. 8, , April; Adams, P.F., Hardy, A.M., (1988) Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey: United States, 10 (173). , National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 1989; Brown, G.W., Davidson, S., Social class, psychiatric disorder of mother, and accidents to children (1978) Lancet, 1, pp. 378-80; Bijur, P., Golding, J., Haslum, M., Kurzon, M., Behavioral predictors of injury in school age children (1988) Am J Dis Child, 142, pp. 1307-1312; Shepherd, P., The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , NCDS Working Paper No. 1 London: SSRU, City University; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up In Great Britain, , (ed): London, Macmillan; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behavior, , London, Longman Group Limited; Foster, S.L., Issues in behavioral assessment of parent-adolescent conflict (1987) Behav Assess, 9, pp. 253-269; Rutter, M., Graham, P., Chadwick, O.F.D., Yule, W., Adolescent turmoil: Fact or fiction (1976) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 17, pp. 35-36; Davidson, L.L., Hyperactivity, antisocial behavior and childhood injury: A critical analysis of the literature (1987) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 8, pp. 335-340; Irwin, C.E., Millstein, S.G., Biopsychosocial correlates of risk taking behaviors during adolescence: Can the physician intervene (1986) J Adolesc Health Care, 7, pp. 82s-96s UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026149325&partnerID=40&md5=2136553f2bdbd3b7c3d56f4ec1ddc19a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Results of radiotherapy in chemodectoma of the temporal bone T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 30 IS - 7 SP - 847 EP - 849 PY - 1991 DO - 10.3109/02841869109091833 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Skołyszewski, J. AU - Korzeniowski, S. AU - Pszon, J. AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Instytut Im. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie, Krakow, Poland AB - Between 1958 and 1986, twenty-four patients with chemodectoma of the temporal bone received radiation therapy at the Center of Oncology in Cracow. In 22 patients incomplete excision of the tumor had been performed at other hospitals before admission for radiotherapy. Two patients had biopsy only. Three patients had early stage tumors without bone destruction or cranial nerve palsy and 21 patients had advanced tumors at presentation. Three patients treated between 1958 and 1967 received ortho-voltage 250 V irradiation, 20 patients received 60Co teletherapy, and one patient received a combination of photon and electron therapy. Tumor doses ranged form 30 Gy to 60 Gy, given in 2-2.5 Gy fractions, 5 times weekly. There were no serious acute or late complications. Long-term local control was achieved in 23 patients with follow-up ranging from 16 months to 21.5 years (median 87 months). Only one patient had locally uncontrolled tumor along with lung and cervical node metastases. Irradiation appeared to be an effective and well tolerated method of treatment in chemodectoma of the temporal bone. ©1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Chemodectoma KW - Radiotherapy KW - Temporal bone KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer radiotherapy KW - cancer surgery KW - chemodectoma KW - clinical article KW - cobalt therapy KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - male KW - priority journal KW - temporal bone KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Ear Canal KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Inflammation KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal KW - Skin KW - Skull Neoplasms KW - Temporal Bone PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 1662524 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Skołyszewski, J.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Centrum Onkologii, Instytut im. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie, Garncarska 11, PL-31-115, Krakow, Poland N1 - References: Biller, H.F., Lawson, W., Som, P., Rosenfeld, R., Glomus vagale tumors (1989) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 98, pp. 21-26; Konefal, J.B., Pilepich, M.V., Perez, C.A., Spector, G.J., Radiation therapy in the treatment of chemodectomas (1987) Laryngoscope, 97, pp. 1331-1335; Pryzant, R.M., Chou, J.L., Easley, J.D., Twenty-year experience with radiation therapy for temporal bone chemodectomas (1989) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 17, pp. 1303-1307; Rosenwasser, H., Metastasis from glomus jugulare tumors (1958) Arch Otolaryngol, 67, pp. 197-203; Rosenwasser, H., Long-term results of therapy of glomus jugulare tumors (1973) Arch Otolaryngol, 97, pp. 49-54; McCabe, B.F., Fletcher, M., Selections of therapy of glomus jugulare tumors (1969) Arch Otolaryngol, 89, pp. 156-159; Meyer, F.B., Sundt, T.M., Jr, Pearson, B.W., Carotid body tumors: a subject review and suggested surgical approach (1986) J Neurosurg, 64, pp. 377-385; Wang, M.L., Hussey, D., Doornbos, J.F., Vigliotti, A., Wen, B.C., Chemodectoma of the temporal bone: a comparison of surgical and radiotherapeutical results (1988) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 14, pp. 643-648; Bataini, J., Ponvert, D., Jaulerry, C., Brunin, F., Gaboriaud, G., Scherre, A., Tumeurs du glomus jugulaire. Possibility de la radiotherapie (1985) Neurochirurgie, 31, pp. 377-380; Cummings, B.J., Beale, F.A., Garrett, P.G., The treatment of glomus tumors in the temporal bone by megavoltage radiation (1984) Cancer, 53, pp. 2635-2640; Dawes, P.J., Filippou, M., Welch, A.R., Dawes, J.D., The management of glomus jugulare tumours (1987) Clin Otolaryng, 12, pp. 15-24; Kim, J.A., Elkon, A., Lim, M.L., Constable, W.C., Optimum dose of radiotherapy for chemodectomas of the middle ear (1980) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 6, pp. 815-819; Ch, K., Willich, N., Wendt, T., Vogl, T., Bestrahlung bei Chemodektomen (1987) Laryng Rhinol Otol, 66, pp. 469-473; Maruyama, Y., Radiotherapy of tympanojugular chemodectomas (1972) Radiology, 105, pp. 659-663; Olson, L.E., Cox, J.D., Chemodectomas (1989) Radiation therapy of head and neck cancer, pp. 171-179. , Ed. G E Laramore. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo; Perez, C.A., Lindberg, R.D., Montague, E.D., Saxton, J.P., Unusual nonepithelial tumors of the head and neck (1987) Principles and practice of radiation oncology, pp. 619-635. , Eds. C A Perez, L W Brady. JB Lippincott Co, Philadelphia, PA; Silverstone, S.M., Radiation therapy of glomus jugulare tumors (1973) Arch Otolaryngol, 97, pp. 43-48; Say, C.C., Hon, J., Spratt, J., Jr, Chemodectoma with distant metastasis: case report and review of the literature (1973) Am Surg, 39, pp. 333-341 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026409492&doi=10.3109%2f02841869109091833&partnerID=40&md5=70996bedbefa8bcd19862a1a95b268a1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: Review and management T2 - Journal of Otolaryngology J2 - J. OTOLARYNGOL. VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 262 EP - 266 PY - 1991 SN - 03816605 (ISSN) AU - Spafford, P.D. AU - Mintz, D.R. AU - Hay, J. AD - 1839 West 5th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V6J 1P5, Canada AB - The purpose of this retrospective review is to study the management of a rare malignant tumor of the parotid gland, the acinic cell carcinoma. Incidence, pathology, clinical findings, and diagnosis are reviewed. Twenty-five patients were seen at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCAA) for initial treatment, recurrent disease or follow-up during the period 1958-1990. Twenty-two acinic cell carcinomas (ACC) occurred in the parotid gland. Surgical treatment regimens for parotid ACC ranged from local excision to radical excision. Local excision is not advised but superficial parotidectomy alone appears to have been adequate treatment for small superficial tumors. Eleven of 22 patients received radiotherapy. Indications for adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy are given. Nine patients with primary tumors treated with combined therapy are alive and disease-free with a mean follow-up of 10.7 years. Postoperative radiotherapy appears to be effective in eradicating microscopic residual disease although long-term follow-up is necessary to make these results clinically significant. KW - acinar cell carcinoma KW - article KW - human KW - parotid gland carcinoma KW - parotidectomy KW - priority journal KW - radiotherapy KW - review KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Carcinoma KW - Child KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local KW - Parotid Gland KW - Parotid Neoplasms KW - Radiotherapy, High-Energy KW - Retrospective Studies N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOTOD C2 - 1920580 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Spafford, P.D.1839 West 5th Avenue, Vancouver, BC. V6J 1P5, Canada UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025949913&partnerID=40&md5=a8bc6a07dd9a89eab08086609fb52601 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long‐term follow‐up of a febrile convulsion cohort T2 - Acta Neurologica Scandinavica J2 - Acta Neurol. Scand. VL - 84 IS - 5 SP - 369 EP - 373 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04972.x SN - 00016314 (ISSN) AU - Tsuboi, T. AU - Endo, S. AU - Iida, N. AD - Tokyo Health Center for Izu- and Ogasawara Islands, Metropolitan Bureau of Public Health, Tsuchida, Japan AD - Neuropsychiatric Hospital AD - Kansai University, Japan AB - ABSTRACT Determining the clinical prognosis a 16‐year follow‐up study of a clinic‐based FC cohort was made. The cohort comprises 528 FC children under 5 years of age at first clinic visit. Thirty‐nine patients (7.4%) were found to have developing non‐febrile seizures (FCC). Discrimination formula was applied; differences in actual cumulative FCC rates differed: a) whether the discriminant score was plus or minus (15%, 31/208 and 2.5% 8/320, respectively; p<0.001); b) whether the discriminant score was plus or minus in the group with no medication (47%, 22/47 and 3%, 6/229; p<0.001); and c) whether the treatment was applied or not in the group with plus value (6%, 9/161 and 47%, 22/47; p<0.001). No difference was detected whether the treatment was introduced or not in the group with a minus discriminant score (2%, 2/91 and 3%, 6/229, ns). The effective prediction and prevention for the FCC development were thus proved. Correlation between the number of predictive eight‐risk factors and rates of FCC development are analyzed. 1991 Blackwell Munksgaard KW - anticonvulsive agent KW - article KW - child KW - electroencephalography KW - epilepsy KW - febrile convulsion KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - Anticonvulsants KW - Cerebral Cortex KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Electroencephalography KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Recurrence KW - Risk Factors KW - Seizures, Febrile N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1776383 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Tsuboi, T.; Shitaya Health Center, Tokyo Health Center for Izu, Tokyo Metrop. Bureau of Public Health, 3‐5‐1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokyo, 100, Japan N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Anticonvulsants N1 - References: ANNEGERS, HAUSER, KURLAND, The risk of epilepsy following febrile convulsions Neurology, 199 (29), pp. 297-303; FRANTZEN, E., LENNOX‐BUCHTHAL, M., NYGAARD, A., Longitudinal EEG and clinical study of children with febrile convulsions (1968) EEG Clin Neurophysiol, 24, pp. 197-212; LENNOX‐BUCHTHAL, M., (1973) Febrile convulsions. Reappraisal, , Amsterdam:, Elsevier; LIVINGSTON, S., (1954) The diagnosis and treatment of convulsive disorders in children, , Springfield, Ill:, Charles C Thomas; MILLICHAP, (1968) Febrile convulsions, , New York:, Macmillan; (1981) Febrile seizures, , NELSON KB, ELLENBERG JH,. New York:, Raven Press; ROSS, PECKHAM, WEST, BUTLER, Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br Med J, 1, pp. 207-210; TSUBOI, T., ENDO, S., Febrile convulsions followed by nonfebrile convulsions. A clinical, electroencephalographic, and follow‐up studies (1977) Neuropädiatrie, 8, pp. 209-223; TSUBOI, T., YAMAMURA, K., Febrile convulsions followed by non‐febrile convulsions. Analysis based on a maximumlikelihood method and discriminant function (1978) Neuropädiatrie, 9, pp. 103-108; TSUBOI, T., Seizures of childhood. A population‐based and clinic‐based study (1986) Acta Neurol Scand; VAN DEN BERG BJ, YERUSHALMY J. Studies on convulsive diseases in young children. Part 1 (Incidence of febrile and non‐febrile convulsions by age and other factors) (1969) Pediat Res, 2, pp. 298-303; WALLACE, Spontaneous fits after convulsions with fever (1977) Arch Dis Child, 52, pp. 192-196 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025939963&doi=10.1111%2fj.1600-0404.1991.tb04972.x&partnerID=40&md5=885fc1e1dc812be24a2c0181e36e48df ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dentofacial relations in young adults with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: A follow-up study T2 - Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery J2 - Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Hand Surg. VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 63 EP - 72 PY - 1991 DO - 10.3109/02844319109034925 SN - 02844311 (ISSN) AU - Paulin, G. AU - Thilander, B. AD - Dentofacial Orthopaedic Clinic, University Hospital, Linköping and the Department of Orthodontics, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden AB - A retrospective study was made on 30 patients born between 1958 and 1969 with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (C-UCLP) and operated on at the Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Umeå Sweden. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon. The results are based on data from records at 5, 10, 16 and 20 years of age. The facial morphology of the cleft children at 5 years of age was rather close to that of the normal children. During growth the faces became retrognathic, more visibly so in the maxilla resulting in straight or concave profiles. This was more evident among the boys. There were no differences regarding maxillary growth between children bone grafted at 10 to 16 years of age and those bone grafted after 16 years of age or not at all. Although surgical procedures and orthodontic treatment varied, 70% had less than 3 teeth in crossbite relationships at 20 years of age. An important factor to take into consideration is the fact that in addition to the influence that the cleft morphology and treatment have on the dentofacial growth, other dentofacial growth patterns also exist among the cleft patients. Generally the groups of patients reported are rather small and therefore conditions like these can have a strong influence on the results. © 1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Cephalometrics KW - Cleft lip and palate KW - Follow-up study KW - adolescent KW - article KW - bone graft KW - cephalometry KW - child KW - cleft lip KW - cleft palate KW - clinical article KW - face growth KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - orthodontics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cephalometry KW - Child KW - Cleft Lip KW - Cleft Palate KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Male KW - Malocclusion KW - Maxillofacial Development KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SJPSE C2 - 2052911 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Paulin, G.; Dentofacial Orthopaedic Clinic, University Hospital, Linköping and the Department of Orthodontics, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden N1 - References: Atherton, J.D., Morphology of the facial bones in skulls with unoperated unilateral cleft lip and palate (1967) Cleft Palate J, 4, pp. 18-30; Björk, A., Lundström, A., (1975) Nordisk lärobok i ortodonti. Kæbernes relation til det övrige kranium., , 4th ed. Sveriges Tandläkarförbunds förlagsförening, Stockholm; Dahl, E., Craniofacial morphology in congenital clefts of the lip and palate (1970) Acta Odont Scand, 88; Enemark, H., Sindet-Pedersen, S., Bundegaard, M., Long-term result after secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts (1987) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 45, pp. 913-918; Enemark, H., Bolund, S., Jorgensen, I., (1989) Long term observations of fifty-seven consecutive C-UCLP patients followed from birth to twenty-one years. Report at 6th International Congress on Cleft Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies., , JerusalemIsrael; Friede, H., Johanson, B., Adolescent facial morphology of early bone-grafted cleft lip and palate patients (1982) Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg, 16, pp. 41-53; Hellquist, R., Svärdström, K., Pontén, B., A longitudinal study of delayed periosteoplasty to the cleft alveolus (1983) Cleft Palate J, 20, pp. 277-288; Huddart, A.G., Bodenham, P.S., The evaluation of arch form and occlusion in unilateral cleft palate subjects (1972) Cleft Palate J, 9, pp. 194-209; Marsh, M., Plint, D.A., Houston, W.J.B., Bergland, O., Semb, G., The Goslon Yardstick: A new system of assessing dental arch relationships in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate (1987) Cleft Palate J, 24, pp. 314-322; Marsh, M., Houston, W.J.B., A preliminary study of facial growth and morphology in unoperated male unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects over 13 years of age (1990) Cleft Palate J, 27, pp. 7-10; McWilliam, J., (1989) PCDIG (version 5.1). A program for digitizing two-dimensional images. Center for Dental Technology and Biomaterials, Karolinska Institute., , Stockholm; Mestre, J., DeJesus, J., Subtelny, J.D., Unoperated oral clefts at maturation (1960) Angle Orthod, 30, pp. 78-85; Ortiz-Monasterio, F., Rebeil, A.F., Valderama, M., Cruz, R., Cephalometric measurements on adult patients with nonoperated cleft palates (1959) Plast Reconstr Surg, 24, pp. 53-61; Ortiz-Monasterio, F., Serrano, A., Barrerra, G., Rodriguez-Hoffman, H., A study of untreated adult cleft palate patients (1966) Plast Reconstr Surg, 38, pp. 36-41; Persson, M., Thilander, B., (1987) Mallar för kefalometrisk analys., , Invest-Odont; Ross, R.B., Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 1. Treatment affecting growth (1987) Cleft Palate J, 24, pp. 5-23; Ross, R.B., Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 6 Techniques of palate repair (1987) Cleft Palate J, 24, pp. 64-70; Semb, G., Effect of alveolar bone grafting on maxillary growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (1988) Cleft Palate J, 25, pp. 288-295; Smahel, Z., Brejcha, M., Differences in craniofacial morphology between complete and incomplete unilateral cleft lip and palate (1983) Cleft Palate J, 20, pp. 113-127 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025797382&doi=10.3109%2f02844319109034925&partnerID=40&md5=1a487784f9e28679baf4cd38350faa36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region a retrospective analysis of treatment results T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 629 EP - 633 PY - 1991 DO - 10.3109/02841869109092431 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Kajanti, M.J. AU - Mantyla, M.M. AD - Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland AB - Seventy-five patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region during 1958-1982 were reviewed retrospectively. of the 75 patients, 30 received combined treatment with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, and 45 radical radiotherapy alone. the 5-year survival rate for the entire patient series was 39% the corresponding figure was 53% for the patients treated with combined therapy and 29% for the patients with radical radiotherapy. the radical radiotherapy group included more patients with advanced stage of the disease (stage III 27% and stage IV 66% than the combined therapy group (47% and 23% respectively). Thirty-four patients (45% died from uncontrolled disease. ©1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Radiation therapy KW - Surgery KW - Survival KW - Tonsillar carcinoma KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer radiotherapy KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - squamous cell carcinoma KW - tonsil carcinoma KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasm Staging KW - Radiotherapy KW - Radiotherapy Dosage KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Tonsillar Neoplasms PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 1892681 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kajanti, M.J.; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, SF-00290, Helsinki, Finland N1 - References: Spiessl, B., Scheibe, O., Wagner, G., UICC (International Union Against Cancer). TNM-Atlas (1982) Illustrated guide to the classification of malignant tumors, pp. 17-21. , (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, Heidelberg; Holsti, L.R., Mäntylä, M., Split-course versus continuous radiotherapy. Analysis of a randomized trial from 1964 to 1967 (1988) Acta Oncol, 27, pp. 153-161; Holsti, L.R., Split-course radiotherapy of cancer (1967) Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol, 6, pp. 313-322; Amornmarn, R., Prempree, T., Jaiwatana, J., Wizenberg, M., Radiation management of carcinoma of the tonsillar region (1984) Cancer, 54, pp. 1293-1299; Tong, D., Laramore, G., Griffin, T., Carcinoma of the tonsillar region. Results of external irradiation (1982) Cancer, 49, pp. 2009-2014; Perez, C., Purdy, J., Breaux, S., Ogura, J., von Essen, S., Carcinoma of the tonsillar area. A nonrandomized comparison of preoperative radiation and surgery or irradiation alone: Long-term results (1982) Cancer, 50, pp. 2314-2322; Barrs, D., DeSanto, L., O’Fallon, W., Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and tongue-based region (1979) Arch Otolaryngol, 105, pp. 479-485; Maltz, R., Shumrick, D., Aron, B., Weichert, K., Carcinoma of tonsil: Results of combined treatment (1974) Laryngoscope, 84, pp. 2172-2180; Fletcher, G.H., Basic principles of the combination of irradiation and surgery (1979) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 5, pp. 2091-2096; Gelinas, M., Fletcher, G.H., Incidence and causes of local failure of irradiation in squamous cell carcinoma of faucial arch, tonsillar fossa and base of the tongue (1973) Radiology, 108, pp. 383-387; Lindberg, R., Distribution of cervical lymph node metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts (1972) Cancer, 29, pp. 1446-1449; Fletcher, G.H., The third annual lectureship of the Juan A. Del Regator Foundation. Squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (1979) Int Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 5, pp. 2075-2090; Garrett, P., Beale, F., Cummings, B., Carcinoma of the tonsil: the effect of dose-time-volume factors on local control (1985) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 11, pp. 703-706; Harwood, A., Cancer of the larynx—The Toronto experience (1981) J Otolaryngol, pp. 1-21; Perez, C., Lee, F., Ackerman, L., Carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa. Significance of dose of irradiation and volume treated in the control of the primary tumor and metastatic neck nodes (1976) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 1, pp. 817-827; Majiejewski, B., Preuss-Bayer, G., Trott, K.-R., The influence of the number of fractions and of overall treatment time on local control and late complication rate in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (1983) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 9, pp. 321-328; Larson, D., Lindberg, R., Lane, E., Goepfert, H., Major complications of radiotherapy in cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx (1983) Am J Surg, 146, pp. 531-536; Cheng, V., Wang, C., Osteonecrosis of the mandible resulting from external megavoltage radiation therapy (1974) Radiology, 112, pp. 685-689; Bedwinek, J., Shukovsky, L., Fletcher, G.H., Daley, T., Osteonecrosis in patients treated with definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and naso- and oropharynx (1976) Radiology, 119, pp. 665-667 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025866663&doi=10.3109%2f02841869109092431&partnerID=40&md5=9d5574bd6eaafec8d90f05704423d1e4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - One Example of Technology Assessment in Perinatal Care T2 - International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care J2 - Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 430 EP - 459 PY - 1991 DO - 10.1017/S0266462300007029 SN - 02664623 (ISSN) AU - Chalmers, L. AD - National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom AB - This article describes one approach to assessing the effects of perinatal care—that adopted by the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit in Oxford, England. The unit's research has been based primarily on a combination of simple, descriptive analyses of observational data and statistically robust analyses of evidence derived from randomized controlled trials. © 1991, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. KW - article KW - clinical trial KW - controlled study KW - female KW - health services research KW - human KW - information KW - mass medium KW - maternal care KW - measurement KW - medical technology KW - newborn KW - perinatal care KW - united kingdom KW - Diffusion of Innovation KW - England KW - Epidemiology KW - Forecasting KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Perinatology KW - Research KW - Technology Assessment, Biomedical N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 1778692 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Chalmers, L.; National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom N1 - References: Black, N., Macfarlane, A.J., Methodological kit: Monitoring perinatal mortality statistics in a health district (1982) Community Medicine, 4, pp. 25-33; Botting, B.J., Davies Macdonald, I., Macfarlane, A.J., Recent trends in the incidence of multiple births and associated mortality (1987) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 62, pp. 941-950; Botting, B., Macfarlane, A.J., (1990), pp. 47-56. , Geographic variation in infant mortality in relation to birthweight 1983–85. In Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Mortality and Geography. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Botting, B.J., Macfarlane, A.J., Price, F.V., Three, four and more. A study of triplet and higher order births (1990), London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; (1989) British Medical Journal, 298. , British Association of Perinatal Medicine Working Group. Referrals for neonatal medical care in the United Kingdom over one year 169–72; Brown, I., Elbourne, D., Mutch, L., Standard national perinatal data: A suggested minimum data set (1981) Community Medicine, 3, pp. 298-306; Campbell, M.J., Rodrigues, L., Macfarlane, A.J., Murphy, M.F.G., Sudden infant deaths and cold weather: Was the rise in infant mortality in 1986 in England and Wales due to the weather? (1991) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 5, pp. 93-100; Campbell, R., Davies, I.M., Macfarlane, A.J., Perinatal mortality and place of delivery (1982) Population Trends, 28, pp. 9-12; Campbell, R., Davies Macdonald, I., Macfarlane, A.J., Beral, V., Home births in England and Wales 1979: Perinatal mortality according to intended place of delivery. British Medical Journal, 1984, 289, 721–24; Campbell, R., Macfarlane, A.J., Place of delivery: A review (1986) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 93. , 675–83; Campbell, R., Macfarlane, A.J., Where to be born? The debate and the evidence. Oxford (1987), U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; Carmody, F., Grant, A., Somchiwong, M., Vacuum extraction: A randomized controlled comparison of the New Generation cup with the original BIRD cup (1986) Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 14, pp. 95-100; Chalmers, I., Perinatal epidemiology: Strengths, limitations and possible hazards. In R. W. Beard & S. Campbell (eds.), Current status of fetal monitoring and ultrasound. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 1978, 12–25; Chalmers, I., Implications of the current debate on obstetric practice (1978), pp. 44-53. , S. Kitzinger & J. Davis (eds.), The place of birth. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Chalmers, I., Perinatal health: The search for indices (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 1063-1065; Chalmers, I., Intensive or extensive care in perinatal health services? (1980) Community Medicine, 2, pp. 279-281; Chalmers, I., Evaluation of perinatal practice: The limitations of audit by death (1981), pp. 39-56. , R. Chester, P. Diggory, & M. B. Sutherland (eds.), Changing patterns of childbearing and child rearing. London: Academic Press; Chalmers, I., Enquiry into perinatal death: A report on national perinatal surveillance (1984), Report submitted to DHSS. Oxford, U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, December; Chalmers, I., Short, Black, Baird, Himsworth and social class differences in fetal and neonatal mortality rates (1985) British Medical Journal, 291. , 231–33; Chalmers, I., Minimizing harm and maximizing benefit during innovation in health care: Controlled or uncontrolled experimentation? (1986) Birth, 13, pp. 155-164; Chalmers, I., Evaluating the effects of perinatal care (1989), pp. 3-38. , I. Chalmers, M. Enkin, & M. J. N. C. Keirse (eds.), Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Chalmers, I., Under-reporting research is scientific misconduct (1990) Journal of the American Medical Association, 263. , 1405–08; Chalmers, I., (1991), (ed.).Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, version 1.2, disk issue 6. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, August; Chalmers, I., Enkin, M., Keirse, M.J.N.C., (1989), (eds.).Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Chalmers, I., Hetherington, J., Newdick, M., (1986), 7. , et al. The Oxford Database of Perinatal Thais: Developing a register of published reports of controlled trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 306–24; Chalmers, I., Macfarlane, A.J., Interpretation of perinatal statistics (1980), pp. 1-11. , B. Wharton (ed.), Topics in perinatal medicine. London: Pitman Medical; Chalmers, I., Macfarlane, J.A., Towards defensive obstetrics [letter] (1979) Lancet, 1, p. 53; Chalmers, I., McLlwaine, G., (1980), (eds.).Perinatal audit and surveillance. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; Chalmers, I., Mutch, L., Are current trends in perinatal practice associated with an increase or a decrease in handicapping conditions? (1981) Lancet, 1, p. 1415; Chalmers, I., Mutch, L., Investment in neonatal intensive care and the “handicapped survivor bogey” [letter] (1984) Lancet, 2, p. 469; Chalmers, I., Oakley, A., Macfarlane, J.A., Perinatal health services: An immodest proposal (1980) British Medical Journal, 1. , 842–45; (1989) Proceedings of Silver Jubilee British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, p. 143. , CLASP Collaborative Group. MRC collaborative low-dose aspirin study in pregnancy (CLASP) London July 4–7; Cochrane, A.L., Effectiveness and efficiency: Random reflections on health services London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, 1971 (republished 1989); (1976), Committee on Child Health Services (chairman, Professor S. D. M. Court).Fit for the future, cmnd 6684. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Dennis, J., Chalmers, I., Very early neonatal seizure rate: A possible epidemiological indicator of the quality of perinatal care (1982) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 89, pp. 418-426; Dickersin, K., Hewitt, P., Mutch, L., et al. Comparison of MEDLINE searching with a perinatal trials database. Controlled Clinical Trials, 1985, 6, 306–17; Elbourne, D., Mutch, L., (1981) Archive of locally based perinatal surveys, , Oxford, U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; Elbourne, D., Mutch, L., (1984) Archive of locally based perinatal surveys, , Oxford, U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; Elbourne, D., Pritchard, C., Dauncey, M., Perinatal outcomes and related factors: Social class differences within and between geographical areas (1986) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 40, pp. 301-308; Elbourne, D., Richardson, M., Chalmers, I., et al. The Newbury Maternity Care Study: A randomized controlled trial to assess a policy of women holding their own obstetric records. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1987, 94, 612–19; Enkin, M., Chalmers, I., (1982), (eds.).Effectiveness and satisfaction in antenatal care. Clinics in Developmental Medicine Nos. 81/82. London: Spastics International Medical Publications/William Heinemann Medical Books; Enkin, M., Keirse, M.J.N.C., Chalmers, I., A guide to effective care in pregnancy and childbirth (1989), Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Evans, P., Johnson, A., Mutch, L., Alberman, E., Report of a meeting on the standardization of the recording and reporting of cerebral palsy (1986) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 28, pp. 547-548; Evans, P., Johnson, A., Mutch, L., Alberman, E., A standard form for recording clinical findings in children with a motor deficit of central origin (1989) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31, pp. 119-127; Everett, C.B., Ashurst, H., Chalmers, I., Reported management of threatened miscarriage by general practitioners in Wessex (1987) British Medical Journal, 295. , 583–86; Garcia, J., (1982), pp. 81-91. , Women's views on antenatal care. In M. Enkin & I. Chalmers (eds.), Effectiveness and satisfaction in antenatal care. Clinics in Developmental Medicine Nos. 81/82. London: Spastics International Medical Publications/William Heinemann Medical Books; Garcia, J., The role and structure of the Maternity Service Liaison Committee (1987) Health Trends, 19, pp. 17-19; Garcia, J., Getting consumers views of maternity care: Examples of how the OPCS Survey manual can help (1989), London Department of Health; Garcia, J., Anderson, J., Vacca, A., (1985), 4, pp. 1-9. , et al. Views of women and their medical and midwifery attendants about instrumental delivery using vacuum extraction and forceps. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Garcia, J., Blondel, B., Saurel-Cubizolles, M.J., The needs of childbearing families: Social policies and the organization of health care I. Chalmers, M. Enkin, & M. J. N. C. Keirse (eds.), Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989, 205–20; Garcia, J., Corry, M., MacDonald, D., (1985), 12, pp. 79-85. , et al. Mothers views of continuous electronic fetal heart monitoring and intermittent auscultation in a randomized controlled trial. Birth; Garcia, J., Elbourne, D., (1984), pp. 273-287. , Future research on work in pregnancy. In G. Chamberlain (ed.), Pregnant women at work. London: Royal Society of Medicine/Macmillan Press; Garcia, J., Garforth, S., Labour and delivery routines in English consultant maternity units (1989) Midwifery, 5, pp. 155-162; Garcia, J., Garforth, S., Ayers, S., The policy and practice of midwifery study: Introduction and methods (1987) Midwifery, 3, pp. 2-9; Garcia, J., Kilpatrick, R., Richards, M., (1990), (eds.).The politics of maternity care. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Garforth, S., Garcia, J., Admitting-A weakness or a strength? Routine admission of a woman in labour (1987) Midwifery, 3, pp. 10-24; Garforth, S., Garcia, J., (1989), 5, pp. 75-83. , Breastfeeding policies in practice—“No wonder they get confused.” Midwifery; Graham, H., Oakley, A., Competing ideologies of reproduction: Medical and maternal perspectives on pregnancy. In H. Roberts (ed.), Women, health and reproduction. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981, 50–74; Grant, A., Equipment and services (1987), pp. 50-100. , G. V. P. Chamberlain & P. Gunn (eds.), Birthplace. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Grant, A., European collaborative trials in perinatal medicine (1987), pp. 61-68. , The need for a ‘Perinatal Trials Service.’ In G. Breart & P. Buekens (eds.), Evaluation of perinatal care. Methodology and research proposals. Paris: Copedith; Grant, A., The relationship between obstetrically preventable intrapartum asphyxia, abnormal neonatal neurological signs and subsequent motor impairment in babies born at or after term. In F. Kubli & N. Patel (eds.), International Workshop on Perinatal Events and Cerebral Handicap. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987, 149–59; Grant, A., Collaborative randomized trial of dexamethasone in neonatal chronic lung disease (1989), Hot Topics' 89 in Neonatology. Report of Ross Laboratories Special Conference, Washington, DC; Grant, A., Elbourne, D., Valentin, L., Alexander, S., The effect of a policy of formal fetal movement counting on the risk of antepartum late death among normally-formed singleton fetuses (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 345-349; Grant, A., Elbourne, D., Mireh, L., Krog, J., Osiris Surfactant Trial (1990), First Osiris News-letter. No. 1. Osiris Trials Office. Oxford, U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, July; Grant, A., Hepburn, M., Merits of an individualized approach to fetal movement counting compared with fixed-time and fixed-number methods (1984) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 91. , 1087–90; Grant, A., O'Brien, N., Joy, M., et al. Cerebral palsy among children born during the Dublin randomized trial of intrapartum monitoring. Lancet, 1989, ii, 1233–36; Grant, A., Sleep, J., Ashurst, H., Spencer, J.A.D., Dyspareunia associated with the use of glycerol-impregnated catgut to repair perineal trauma-Report of a three year follow-up study (1989) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 96. , 741–43; Grant, A., Sleep, J., McIntosh, J., Ashurst, H., A randomized placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (1989) Ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic energy treatment for perineal trauma, 96. , 434–39; Harding, J.E., Elbourne, D.R., Prendiville, W.J., Views of mothers and midwives participating in the Bristol randomized, controlled trial of active management of the third stage of labor (1989) Birth, 16, pp. 1-6; Hare, E.H., Moran, P.A.P., Macfarlane, A.J., The changing seasonality of infant deaths in England and Wales 1912–1978 and its relation to seasonal temperature (1981) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 35, pp. 77-82; Hetherington, J., Dickersin, K., Chalmers, I., Meinert, C.L., Retrospective and prospective identification of unpublished controlled trials: Lessons from a survey of obstetricians and pediatricians (1989) Pediatrics, 84. , 374–80; House of Commons Official Report (Hansard), 1978, July 5; Houston, M.J.R., Field, P.A., Practices and policies of the initiation of breastfeeding (1988) Journal of Obstetric, Gynecological and Neonatal Nursing, 17. , 418–24; Johnson, A., Screening tests for hearing and visual impairment: How and when are they done? (1986) Health Visitor, 59. , 140–42; Johnson, A., Ashurst, H., Is popliteal angle measurement useful in early identification of cerebral palsy? (1989) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31. , 457–65; Johnson, A., Ashurst, H., Screening for sensorineural deafness by health visitors (1990) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65. , 841–45; Johnson, A., Goddard, O., Ashurst, H., Is late walking a marker of morbidity? (1990) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65. , 486–88; Johnson, A., King, R., A regional register of early childhood impairments: A discussion paper (1989) Community Medicine, 11. , 352–63; Johnson, M.A., Macfarlane, A.J., Neonatal intensive care: Trends in morbidity (1988) Lancet, 2, p. 168; Johnson, A., Stayte, M., Wortham, C., Vision screening at 8 and 18 months (1989) British Medical Journal, 299. , 545–49; Kaufman, K.J., Houston, M.J.R., Midwives, nurses, and clinical excellence (1988) Recent Advances in Nursing, 21, pp. 63-81; Klein, M., Elbourne, D., Lloyd, I., A prospective study comparing the experiences of low risk women booked for delivery in 2 systems of maternity care (1985) Royal College of General Practitioners Occasional Paper 31, , April; Levin, J.B., Macfarlane, A.J., Bennett, S., The comparison of trends in perinatal mortality in small areas (1990) International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, pp. 78-89; MacDonald, D., Grant, A., Sheridan-Pereira, M., et al. The Dublin randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1985, 152, 524–39; Macfarlane, A.J., Birth, death and handicap: Saving money, spending lives (1981) Science for People, 48, pp. 9-13; Macfarlane, A.J., (1982), pp. 9-17. , Seasonal variation in postneonatal mortality. In Studies in sudden infant deaths. Studies on medical and population subjects no., 45. London: Her Majesty' Stationery Office; Macfarlane, A.J., A time to die? (1984) International Journal of Epidemiology, 13, pp. 38-44; Macfarlane, A.J., (1986), pp. 9-25. , Trends in maternity care. In OPCS, DHSS, Welsh Office, Hospital in-patient enquiry maternity tables. 1977–81 Series MB4 no. 19. London: Her Majesty' Stationery Office; Macfarlane, A.J., Chalmers, I., (1980), Birth and infant mortality statistics. Paper presented at the Statistics Users Conference, December; Macfarlane, A.J., Chalmers, I., (1981), pp. 1-12. , Problems in the interpretation of perinatal mortality statistics. In D. Hull (ed.), Recent advances in paediatrics. London: Churchill Livingstone; Macfarlane, A.J., Chalmers, I., Adelstein, A.M., The role of standardization in the interpretation of perinatal mortality rates (1980) Health Trends, 3, pp. 45-50; Macfarlane, A.J., Cole, S., Hey, E., Comparisons of data from regional perinatal mortality surveys (1986) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 93. , 1224–32; Macfarlane, A., Cole, S., Johnson, A., Botting, B., Epidemiology of birth before 28 weeks of gestation (1988) British Medical Bulletin, 44. , 861–93; Macfarlane, A.J., McPherson, C.K., The quality of official health statistics (1988) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 151. , 342–54; Macfarlane, A.J., Mugford, M., (1984) Birth counts: Statistics of pregnancy and childbirth, , London Her Majesty' Stationery Office; Macfarlane, A.J., Mugford, M., (1990) Framework for information systems: Comments on Working Paper 11 and accompanying documents, , Oxford, U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; (1988), 95, pp. 437-445. , Medical Research Council Working Party on Cervical Cerclage. Interim report of the Medical Research Council/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists multicentre randomised controlled trial of cervical cerclage. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Minchom, P., Niswander, K., Chalmers, I., et al. Antecedents and outcome of very early neonatal seizures in infants born at or after term. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1987, 94, 431–39; (1990), MIRIAD. Annual report of the Midwifery Research Database (MIRIAD). Oxford, U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; Mohamed, K., Grant, A., Ashurst, H., James, D., The Southmead perineal suture study: A randomized comparison of suture materials and suturing techniques for repair of perineal trauma (1989) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 96. , 1272–80; Mugford, M., A comparison of reported differences in definitions of vital events and statistics WHO Statistics Quarterly, , WHO Geneva, 1983, 36, 201–12; Mugford, M., ) (1987) Birthplace, pp. 283-286. , Maternity unit profiles G. V. P. Chamberlain & P. Gunn Chichester, U.K. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Mugford, M., Kingston, J., Chalmers, I., Reducing the incidence of infection after caesarean section: Implications of prophylaxis with antibiotics for hospital resources (1989) British Medical Journal, 299. , 1003–06; Mugford, M., Mutch, L., Elbourne, D., Standard perinatal data: Suggestions for regular review of facilities for perinatal care within a regional health authority (1985) Community Medicine, 7. , 157–68; Mugford, M., Piercy, J., Chalmers, I., Cost implications of different approaches to the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (1991) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 66. , 757–64; Mugford, M., Somchiwong, M., Waterhouse, I. Treatment of umbilical cords: A randomized trial to assess the effect of treatment methods on the work of midwives. Midwifery, 1986, 2, 177–86; Mugford, M., Stilwell, J., Maternity services: How well have they done and could they do better? and Profiling maternity services: How do English regions and Wales compare? A. Harrison & J. Gretton (eds.), Health care U.K. 1986. Cambridge, U.K.: Burlington Press, 1986, 53–64 and 115–19; Mugford, M., Szczepura, A., Lodwick, A., Stilwell, J., Factors affecting the outcome of maternity care II. Neonatal outcomes and resources beyond the hospital of birth (1988) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 42. , 170–76; Murphy, J.F., Dauncey, M., Gray, O.P., Chalmers, I., Planned and unplanned deliveries at home: Implications of a changing ratio (1984) British Medical Journal, 288. , 1429–32; Murphy, J.F., Dauncey, M., Newcombe, R., et al. Employment in pregnancy: Prevalence, maternal characteristics, perinatal outcome. Lancet, 1984, i, 1163–66; Murphy, K., Grieg, V., Garcia, J., Maternal considerations in the use of pelvic examinations in labour (1986) Midwifery, 2, pp. 93-97; Mutch, L., Archive of locally based perinatal surveys (1986), Oxford, U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, April; Mutch, L., Elbourne, D., Standard national perinatal data: A suggested common core of tabulations (1983) Community Medicine, 5. , 251–59; Mutch, L., Elbourne, D., (1983) Archive of locally based perinatal surveys, , Oxford, U.K.: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; Mutch, L.M.M., Johnson, M.A., Morley, R., Follow-up studies: Design, organisation and analysis (1989) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64. , 1394–1402; Mutch, L.M.M., Newdick, M., Lodwick, A., Chalmers, I., Secular changes in rehospitali-sation of very low birthweight infants (1986) Pediatrics, 78, pp. 164-171; (1985), National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit. A classified bibliography of controlled trials in perinatal medicine 1940–1984. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Niswander, K., Henson, G., Elbourne, D., Adverse outcome of pregnancy and the quality of obstetric (1984) care. Lancet, , ii, 827–31; Oakley, A., Women confined; Towards a sociology of childbirth (1980), London: Martin Robertson; Oakley, A., Subject women (1981), Oxford, U.K.: Martin Robinson; Oakley, A., (1982), pp. 297-313. , Obstetric practice—Cross-cultural comparisons. In P. Stratton (ed.), Psychobiology of the human newborn. London: John Wiley and Sons; Oakley, A., (1983), 10, pp. 99-108. , Social consequences of obstetric technology: How to measure ‘soft’ outcomes. Birth; Oakley, A., Women and health policy J. Lewis (ed.), Women' welfare, women' rights. London: Croom Helm 1983, 103–29; Oakley, A., The effect of the mother's work on the infant G. Chamberlain (ed.), Pregnant women at work. London: Royal Society of Medicine/Macmillan Press, 1984, 117-32; Oakley, A., The captured womb (1984), Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific Publications; Oakley, A., Macfarlane, J.A., Chalmers, I., Social class, stress and reproduction (1982), pp. 11-50. , A. R. Rees & H. Purcell (eds.), Disease and the environment. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley and Sons; Oakley, A., McPherson, A., Roberts, H., (1984) Miscarriage, , London: Fontana; Oakley, A., Rajan, L., Grant, A., Social support and pregnancy outcome (1990) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 97, pp. 155-162; Prendiville, W.J., Harding, J.E., Elbourne, D.R., Stirrat, G.M., The Bristol third stage trial: Active versus physiological management of third stage of labour (1988) British Medical Journal, 297. , 1295–300; Proud, J., Grant, A., Third trimester placental grading by ultrasonography as a test of fetal wellbeing (1987) British Medical Journal, 294. , 1641–44; Quam, L., Improving clinical effectiveness in the NHS: An alternative to the white paper (1989) British Medical Journal, 299. , 448–50; Renfrew, M.J., Developing midwifery research: The role of the midwife researcher at the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (1989), 1988 Research and the Midwife Conference, Glasgow and London. Manchester, U.K.: University of Manchester; Renfrew, M.J., Ethics and morality in midwifery research (1989) Midwives Chronicle and Nursing Notes, 102, pp. 198-202; Renfrew, M.J., Fisher, C., Arms, S., (1990) Bestfeeding: Getting breastfeeding right for you, , Berkeley, CA: Celestial Arts; Saurel-Cubizolles, M.-J., Garcia, J., Activité professionnelle pendant la grossesse en France et en Grande-Bretagne: Principes et realites (1983) Revue Frangaise des Affaires Sociales, , 177–87; Sleep, J., Grant, A., Pelvic floor exercises in postnatal (1987) care. Midwifery, 3. , 158-64; Sleep, J., Grant, A., Effects of salt and Savlon bath concentrate postpartum (1988) Nursing Times, 84, pp. 55-57; Sleep, J., Grant, A., Relief of perineal pain following childbirth. A survey of midwifery practice (1988) Midwifery, 4, pp. 118-122; Sleep, J., Grant, A., Garcia, J., et al. West Berkshire perineal management trial. British Medical Journal, 1984, 289, 587–90; (1980), Social Services Committee. Perinatal and neonatal mortality, vol. 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Spencer, J., Grant, A., Elbourne, D., et al. A randomized comparison of glycerol-impregnated chromic catgut with untreated chromic catgut for the repair of perineal trauma. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1986, 93, 426–30; Stayte, M., Johnson, A., Wortham, C., Ocular and vision defects in a geographically defined population of 2 year old children (1990) British Journal of Ophthalmology, 74. , 465–68; Stilwell, J., Szczepura, A., Mugford, M., Factors affecting the outcome of maternity care I. The relationship between staffing and perinatal deaths at the hospital of birth (1988) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 42. , 157–69; Szczepura, A., Mugford, M., Stilwell, J.A., Information for managers in hospitals: Representing maternity unit statistics graphically (1987) British Medical Journal, 294. , 875-80; Thrnow-Mordi, W.O., Elbourne, D., Grant, A., (1989), et al., & the OCTAVE Study Group. Randomised trial of high versus low frequency positive pressure ventilation in 346 newborn infants in 6 centres. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the British Paediatric Association, York, U.K; Vacca, A., Grant, A., Wyatt, G., Chalmers, I., Portsmouth operative delivery trial: A comparison of vacuum extraction and forceps delivery (1983) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 90. , 1107–12; (1990), 65, pp. 3-10. , Ventriculomegaly Trial Group. Randomised trial of early tapping in neonatal posthaem-orrhagic ventricular dilatation. Archives of Disease in Childhood; Weale, A., (1988), pp. 48-53. , (ed.).Cost and choice in health care: The ethical dimension. London: King Ed-ward's Hospital Fund for London; (1990), 2, pp. 782-784. , Working Group on the very low birthweight infant. European Community collaborative study of outcome of pregnancy between 22 and 28 weeks gestation. LancetUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026352806&doi=10.1017%2fS0266462300007029&partnerID=40&md5=80adcdd925cc9b4b9ba611bf89404f3f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Open and closed education and work systems in Great Britain T2 - European Sociological Review J2 - Eur. Sociol. Rev. VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 215 EP - 236 PY - 1990 SN - 02667215 (ISSN) AU - Spenner, K.I. AU - Kerckhoff, A.C. AU - Glass, T.A. AD - Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, United States AD - Department of Sociology, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States AB - This paper investigates linkages between education and work domains for a birth cohort of British men and women. In particular, the analyses examine Sørensen's conceptualization of open and closed position systems. We investigate one application of these concepts by examining whether open versus closed education systems (i.e., ability group and school type) generate jobs with first employer of differing duration and jobs in open versus closed work position systems. The methodology features a continuous-time discrete-state stochastic model of the transition from the first employer. The data include multiple event histories through age 23 for a 1958 birth cohort of over 11,000 British men and women. In general, we find important differences in the determinants of transitions from open versus closed employment systems. The major differences include gender and earlier life course location in open versus closed education systems and ability tracks. The empirical results only partially support hypotheses in the literature about the timing of transitions (duration dependence) in open and closed employment systems. © 1990 Oxford University Press. N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Spenner, K.I.; Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, United States N1 - References: Adamski, W., Grootings, P., (1989) Youth, Education, and Work in Europe, , London: Routledge; Allmendinger, J., Educational systems and labor market outcomes (1989) European Sociological Review, 5 (3), pp. 231-250; Althauser, R.P., Job Histories, Career Lines, and Firm Internal Labor Markets: An Analysis of Job Shifts (1989) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, , Forthcoming in Kalleberg A, (ed), Greenwich: JAI Press; Althauser, R.P., Kalleberg, A., Firms, Occupations, and the Structure of Labor Markets: A Conceptual Analysis and Research Agenda (1981) Sociological Perspectives on Labor Markets, pp. 119-149. , Berg I, New York: Academic Press; Ashton, D.N., Maguire, M.J., Spilsbury, M., The youth labour market in the United Kingdom and the 1979-82 recession: The effects of cyclical and structural change (1988) Labour and Society, 13 (4), pp. 415-441; Becker, G.S., (1975) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, , 2nd ed, New York: Columbia University Press; Bielby, W.T., Baron, J.N., A Womans Place is with Other Women: Sex Segregation Within Organizations’ (1986) Sex Segregation in the Workplace: Trends, Explanations, Remedies, pp. 27-55. , Reskin B, Washington: National Academy Press; Bielby, D.D., Bielby, W.T., Work Commitment and Sex-Role Attitudes (1984) American Sociological Review, 49, pp. 234-247; Blossfeld, H.P., Labor Market Entry and the Sexual Segregation of Careers in the Federal Republic of Germany (1987) American Journal of Sociology, 93, pp. 98-119; Burman, S., (1979) Fit Work for Women, , London: Croom Helm; Cain, G.G., The Challenge of Segmented Labor Market Theories to Orthodox Theory: A Survey (1976) Journal of Economic Literature, 14, pp. 1215-1257; Carroll, G., Dynamic Analysis of Discrete Dependent Variables: A Didactic Essay (1983) Quality and Quantity, 17, pp. 425-460; Collins, R., (1979) The Credential Society, , New York: Academic; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London: Longman; Duncan, O.D., Featherman, D.L., Duncan, B., (1972) Socioeconomic Background and Achievement, , New York: Seminar Press; Felmlee, D.H., Womens Job Mobility Processes Within and Between Employers’ (1982) American Sociological Review, 47, pp. 142-150; Felmlee, D.H., A Dynamic Analysis of Womens Employment Exits’ (1984) Demography, 21, pp. 171-183; Fogelman, K., (1983) Crowing up in Great Britain, , London: Macmillan; Granovetter, M.S., (1974) Getting A Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Hachen, D.S., Gender Differences in Job Mobility Rates: A Test of Human Capital and Segmentation Explanations (1987) Applications of Event History Analysis in Life Course Research, pp. 221-259. , Mayer K, Tuma N B, Berlin: Max Planck Institute; Hachen, D.S., Industrial Labor Markets and Job Mobility Rates (1988) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, pp. 35-68. , Kalleberg A, Greenwich: JAI Press; Hogan, D.P., (1981) Transitions and Social Change: The Early Lives of American Men, , New York: Academic Press; Kalbfleisch, J.D., Prentice, R.L., (1980) The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, , New York: Wiley; Kalleberg, A.L., Sdrensen, A.B., The Sociology of Labor Markets (1979) Annual Review of Sociology, 5, pp. 351-379. , Inkeles A, Coleman J, Turner R H, Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc; Kanter, R.M., (1977) Men and Women of the Corporation, , New York: Basic Books; Kerckhoff, A.C., Effects of Ability Grouping in British Secondary Schools (1986) American Sociological Review, 51, pp. 842-858; Kerckhoff, A.C., Transition To Adulthood as a Mobility Process (1989) Paper Presented to the Research Committee on Social Stratification, International Sociological Association, , Utrecht, Netherlands; Kerckhoff, A.C., (1990) Getting Started: Transition to Adulthood in Great Britain, , Boulder: Westview Press; Kerckhoff, A.C., Everett, D.D., Sponsored and Contest Education Pathways to Jobs in Great Britain and the United States (1986) International Perspectives on Education, pp. 133-163. , Kerckhoff A C, Greenwich: JAI Press; Marini, M.M., The Order of Events in the Transition to Adulthood (1984) Sociology of Education, 57, pp. 63-84; Marini, M.M., Determinants of the timing of the transition to adulthood (1985) Social Science Research, 14, pp. 309-350; Marini, M.M., Measuring the Process of Role Change During the Transition to Adulthood (1987) Social Science Research, 16, pp. 1-38; Marini, M.M., Chan, W., Raymond, J., Consequences of the Process of Transition to Adulthood for Adult Economic Well-Being (1987) Research in the Sociology of Education and Socialization, pp. 87-127. , Kerckhoff A C, Greenwich: JAI Press; Petersen, T., Estimating Fully Parametric Hazard Rate Models with Time-Dependent Covariates (1986) Sociological Methods and Research, 14, pp. 219-246; Rosenfeld, R.A., Race and Sex Differences in Career Dynamics (1980) American Sociological Review, 45, pp. 583-609; Rosenfeld, R.A., Job Changing and Occupational Sex Segregation: Sex and Race Comparisons (1986) Sex Segregation in the Workplace:Trends, Explanations, Remedies, Washington:National Academy Press, pp. 56-86. , Reskin B; Rosenfeld, R.A., Spenner, K.I., Womens Work and Women’s Careers: A Dynamic Analysis of Work Identity in the Early Life Course’ (1988) Social Structure and Human Lives, pp. 285-305. , Riley M, (ed), Beverly Hills: Sage; Sandefur, G.D., Organizational Boundaries and Upward Job Shifts (1981) Social Science Research, 10, pp. 67-82; Sprensen, A.B., Processes of Allocation to Open and Closed Position in Social Structure (1983) Zeitschrift Filr Soziologie, 12, pp. 203-224; Sprensen, A.B., Social Structure and Mechanisms of Life-Course Processes (1989) Human Development and the Life Course:Multidisciplinary Perspective, pp. 177-197. , Sprensen A B, Weinert F E, Sherrod L R, Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Sprensen, A.B., Tuma, N.B., Labor Market Structures and Job Mobility (1981) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, pp. 67-94. , Treiman D, Robinson R, Greenwich: JAI Press; Spenner, K.I., Otto, L.B., Call, V., (1982) Career Lines and Careers, , Lexington: D. C. Heath; Tuma, N.B., Rewards, Resources and the Rate of Mobility: A Nonstationary Multivariate Stochastic Model (1976) American Sociological Review, 41, pp. 338-360; Tuma, N.B., Hannan, M.T., (1984) Social Dynamics: Models and Methods, , New York: Academic Press; Turner, R.H., Sponsored and Contest Mobility and the School System (1960) American Sociological Review, 25, pp. 855-867; White, R.W., Althauser, R.P., Internal Labor Markets, Promotions, and Worker Skill: An Indirect Test of Skill ILMs (1984) Social Science Research, 13, pp. 373-392; Williamson, O.E., (1985) The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, , New York: Basic Books UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34247748570&partnerID=40&md5=4fdbdef2c954ed184ac9ccd18bd14f7c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unobserved heterogeneity and the analysis of longitudinal spatial choice data T2 - European Journal of Population J2 - Eur J Population VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 327 EP - 358 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1007/BF01796834 SN - 01686577 (ISSN) AU - Wrigley, N. AD - Dept. of Town Planning, University of Wales, Cardiff, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF1 3YN, United Kingdom AB - This paper tackles the problem of handling uncontrolled heterogeneity due to unobserved influences on the decision process of spatial choice. It concentrates upon a discrete-time/'random-effects' approach to the problem of unobserved heterogeneity and documents parametric and non-parametric methods of specifying and estimating models which can cope with unobserved heterogeneity. © 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. KW - spatial distribution KW - article KW - behavior KW - decision making KW - Demographic Factors KW - demography KW - developed country KW - Estimation Technics KW - Europe KW - Geographic Factors KW - geography KW - heterogeneity KW - Northern Europe KW - population KW - population and population related phenomena KW - research KW - Research Methodology KW - theoretical model KW - United Kingdom KW - Behavior KW - Decision Making KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Estimation Technics KW - Europe KW - Geographic Factors KW - Heterogeneity KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Northern Europe KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Research Methodology KW - Spatial Distribution KW - United Kingdom KW - Wales KW - Behavior KW - Decision Making KW - Demography KW - Developed Countries KW - Europe KW - Geography KW - Great Britain KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Research KW - Statistics KW - Wales PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12316662 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wrigley, N.; Dept. of Town Planning, University of Wales, Cardiff, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF1 3YN, United Kingdom N1 - References: Ben-Akiva, M.E., Lerman, S.R., (1985) Discrete choice analysis: Theory and application to travel demand, , MIT Press., Cambridge, MA; Broom, D., Wrigley, N., Incorporating explanatory variables into stochastic panel-data models of urban shopping behaviour (1983) Urban Geography, 4, pp. 244-257; Chamberlain, G., Analysis of covariance with qualitative data (1980) The Review of Economic Studies, 47, pp. 225-238; Cox, D.R., Oakes, D.O., (1984) Analysis of survival data, , Chapman and Hall, London; Cresswell, P., (1988) Beta-logistic and Dirichlet-logistic models of urban shopping behaviour: Theory and applications, MSc dissertation, , Department of Town Planning, University of Wales, Cardiff; Davies, R.B., A generalized beta-logistic model for longitudinal data with an application to residential mobility (1984) Environment and Planning A, 16, pp. 1375-1386; Davies, R.B., Mass point methods for dealing with nuisance parameters in longitudinal studies (1987) Longitudinal data analysis, pp. 88-109. , R., Crouchley, Gower, Aldershot; Davies, R.B., Crouchley, R., Calibrating longitudinal models of residential mobility and migration: An assessment of a non-parametric likelihood approach (1984) Regional Science and Urban Economics, 14, pp. 231-247; Davies, R.B., Crouchley, R., Control for omitted variables in the analysis of panel and other longitudinal data (1985) Geographical Analysis, 17, pp. 1-15; Davies, R.B., Pickles, A.R., (1984) Accounting for omitted variables in a discrete time panel data model of residential mobility, Papers in Planning Research No. 77, , Department of Town Planning, University of Wales, Cardiff; Davies, R.B., Pickles, A.R., A joint trip timing store-type choice model for grocery shopping, including inventory effects and nonparametric control for omitted variables (1987) Transportation Research A, 21 A, pp. 345-361; Domencich, T.A., McFadden, D., (1975) Urban travel demand: A behavioural analysis, , North-Holland, Amsterdam; Dunn, R., Wrigley, N., Beta-logistic models of urban shopping centre choice (1985) Geographical Analysis, 17, pp. 95-113; Dunn, R., Reader, S., Wrigley, N., A nonparametric approach to the incorporation of heterogeneity into repeated polytomous choice models of urban shopping behaviour (1987) Transportation Research A, 21 A, pp. 327-343; Elbers, C., Ridder, G., True and spurious duration dependence: The identifiability of the proportional hazard model (1982) The Review of Economic Studies, 49, pp. 403-410; Flinn, C.J., Heckman, J.J., New methods for analyzing individual event histories (1982) Sociological methodology 1982, pp. 99-140. , S., Leindhardt, Jossey Bass, San Francisco, CA; Flinn, C.J., Heckman, J.J., Models for the analysis of labour force dynamics (1982) Advances in econometrics, pp. 35-95. , G., Rhodes, R., Basmann, JAI Press, Greenwich; Flinn, C.J., Heckman, J.J., New methods for analyzing structural models of labour force dynamics (1982) Journal of Econometrics, 18, pp. 115-168; Flinn, C.J., Heckman, J.J., The likelihood function for the multistate-multiepisode model (1984) Advances in econometrics, p. 3. , R., Basmann, G., Rhodes, JAI Press, Greenwich; Heckman, J.J., Statistical models for discrete panel data (1981) Structural analysis of discrete data: with econometric applications, pp. 114-178. , C.F., Manski, D., McFadden, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; Heckman, J.J., Borjas, G., Does unemployment cause future unemployment? Definitions, questions and answers from a continuous time model of heterogeneity and state dependence (1980) Econometrica, 47, pp. 247-283; Heckman, J.J., Singer, B., Population heterogeneity in demographic models (1980) Multidimensional mathematical demography, pp. 567-599. , K.C., Land, A., Rogers, Academic Press, New York; Heckman, J.J., Singer, B., The identification problem in econometric models for duration data (1982) Advances in econometrics, pp. 39-77. , W., Hilderbrand, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Heckman, J.J., Singer, B., Econometric duration analysis (1984) Journal of Econometrics, 24, pp. 63-132; Heckman, J.J., Singer, B., A method for minimizing the impact of distributional assumptions in econometric models for duration data (1984) Econometrica, 52, pp. 271-320; Heckman, J.J., Singer, B., Econometric analysis of longitudinal data (1984) Handbook of econometrics, pp. 1689-1763. , Z., Griliches, M.D., Intriligator, North-Holland, Amsterdam; Heckman, J.J., Singer, B., The identifiability of the proportional hazard model (1984) Review of Economic Studies, 60, pp. 231-243; Heckman, J.J., Willis, R., A beta-logistic model for the analysis of sequential labour force participation by married women (1977) Journal of Political Economy, 85, pp. 27-58; Hensher, D.A., Wrigley, N., Statistical modelling of discrete choices in discrete time with panel data (1986) Behavioural research for transport policy, pp. 97-116. , VNU Science Press, Utrecht; Hougaard, P., Life table methods for heterogeneous populations: Distributions describing the heterogeneity (1984) Biometrika, 71, pp. 75-83; Kalbfleisch, J., Prentice, R., (1980) The statistical analysis of failure time data, , Wiley, New York; Kennan, J., The duration of contract strikes in US manufacturing? (1985) Journal of Econometrics, 28, pp. 5-28; Kiefer, J., Wolfowitz, J., Consistency of the maximum likelihood estimates in the presence of infinitely many incidental parameters (1956) The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 27, pp. 887-906; Laird, N., Nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of a mixing distribution (1978) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 73, pp. 805-811; Lancaster, T., Econometric methods for the duration of unemployment (1979) Econometrica, 47, pp. 939-956; Lancaster, T., Nickell, S., The analysis of re-employment probabilities for the unemployed (1980) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 143, pp. 141-165; Manski, C.F., Structural models for discrete data: The analysis of discrete choice (1981) Sociological methodology 1981, pp. 58-109. , S., Leinhardt, Jossey Bass, San Francisco, CA; Manton, K.G., Stallard, E., A stochastic compartment model representation of chronic disease dependence (1980) Theoretical Population Biology, 18, pp. 57-75; Matthews, S.A., (1990) Longitudinal analysis of youth labour market experiences using the National Child Development Study, PhD dissertation, , Department of Town Planning, University of Wales, Cardiff; McFadden, D., Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behaviour (1974) Frontiers in econometrics, pp. 105-142. , P., Zarembka, Academic Press, New York; Murphy, M.J., The influence of fertility, early housing-career, and socio-economic factors on tenure determination in contemporary Britain (1984) Environment and Planning A, 16, pp. 1303-1318; (1978) Numerical algorithms group library manual, , NAG, NAG, Oxford; Odland, J., Bailey, A.J., Regional out-migration rates and individual migration histories: A longitudinal analysis (1990) Geographical Analysis, 22, pp. 158-170; Pickles, A.R., The analysis of residence histories and other longitudinal data: A continuous time Markov model incorporating exogenous variables (1983) Regional Science and Urban Economics, 13, pp. 271-285; Pickles, A.R., Davies, R.B., The longitudinal analysis of housing careers (1985) Journal of Regional Science, 25, pp. 85-101; Reader, S., (1988) Incorporating unobserved heterogeneity into longitudinal models of repeated choice: Optimization, estimation, and simulation issues, PhD dissertation, , Department of Geography, University of Bristol, Bristol; Richards, M.G., Ben-Akiva, M.E., (1975) A disaggregate travel demand model, , Saxon House, Farnborough; Tardiff, T.J., Definition of alternatives and representation of dynamic behaviour in spatial choice models (1980) Transportation Research Record, 723, pp. 25-30; Train, K., (1986) Qualitative choice analysis: Theory, econometrics, and an application to automobile demand, , MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; Tuma, N., Hannan, M., (1984) Sociological dynamics: Models and methods, , Academic Press, Orlando, FL; Uncles, M.D., A beta-logistic model of mode choice: Goodness of fit and intertemporal dependence (1987) Transportation Research B, 21 B, pp. 195-205; Vaupel, J.W., Manton, K.E., Stallard, C., The impact of heterogeneity in individual frailty on the dynamics of mortality (1979) Demography, 16, pp. 439-454; Wood, A., Hinde, J., Binomial variance component models with non-parametric mixing distributions: A GLIM approach (1987) Longitudinal data analysis, pp. 110-128. , R., Crouchley, Gower, Aldershot; Wrigley, N., (1985) Categorical data analysis for geographers and environmental scientists, , Longman, London; Wrigley, N., Quantitative methods: The era of longitudinal data analysis (1986) Progress in Human Geography, 10, pp. 84-102; Wrigley, N., Guy, C.M., Dunn, R., O'Brien, L.G., The Cardiff consumer panel: Methodological aspects of the conduct of a long-term panel survey (1985) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 10, pp. 63-76 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025653486&doi=10.1007%2fBF01796834&partnerID=40&md5=cce346229f5f021a8a8b1b6b1598f764 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients T2 - ASAIO Transactions J2 - ASAIO TRANS. VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - M148 EP - M151 PY - 1990 SN - 08897190 (ISSN) AU - Acchiardo, S.R. AU - Moore, L.W. AU - Burk, L. AD - 951 Court Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, United States AB - Increase in mortality in hemodialysis patients in the United States is a rising concern. In this study, the annual mortality rate from 1981 to 1989 was determined and the morbidity and mortality of 136 patients dialyzed during 1988 was analyzed. All patients were followed with urea kinetics (UK). Patients were divided according to NCDS mapping of BUN and protein catabolic rate (pcr): Group 1, inadequate protein intake (n = 28); Group 2, adequate dialysis (n = 51); Group 3, excessive dialysis (n = 28); Group 4, undefined domain (n = 13); and Group 5, transitional domain (n = 16). The UK parameters measured were midweek predialysis BUN, pcr, and Kt/V. Group 1 by definition had the lowest pcr (0.7 g/kg/day vs. >1.0 in the other groups). Patients in Group 1 had significantly lower BUN, creatinine, hematocrit, and serum albumin. Results of all other laboratory tests were not significantly different. Numbers of hospitalizations and days in the hospital were higher in Group 1. Causes of hospitalization were similar in all groups. Mortality rate was 8% in Group 1 vs. 4.4% in Group 2. Dialysis prescription using UK has maintained the annual mortality rate at about 14% for the past nine years. Increase in mortality in hemodialysis patients in the United States is a rising concern. In this study, the annual mortality rate from 1981 to 1989 was determined and the morbidity and mortality of 136 patients dialyzed during 1988 was analyzed. All patients were followed with urea kinetics (UK). Patients were divided according to NCDS mapping of BUN and protein catabolic rate (pcr): Group 1, inadequate protein intake (n = 28); Group 2, adequate dialysis (n = 51); Group 3, excessive dialysis (n = 28); Group 4, undefined domain (n = 13); and Group 5, transitional domain (n = 16). The UK parameters measured were midweek predialysis BUN, pcr, and Kt/V. Group 1 by definition had the lowest pcr (0.7 g/kg/day vs. > 1.0 in the other group). Patients in Group 1 had significantly lower BUN, creatinine, hematocrit, and serum albumin. Results of all other laboratory tests were not significantly different. Numbers of hospitalizations and days in the hospital were higher in Group 1. Causes of hospitalization were similar in all groups. Mortality rate was 8% in Group 1 vs. 4.4% in Group 2. Dialysis prescription using UK has maintained the annual mortality rate at about 14% for the past nine years. KW - Biomedical Engineering - Urology KW - Biomedical Equipment - Hemodialyzers KW - Dialysis - Medical Applications KW - Artificial Kidney KW - Hemodialysis KW - Urea Kinetics KW - Prosthetics KW - article KW - hemodialysis KW - human KW - methodology KW - morbidity KW - mortality KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cause of Death KW - Female KW - Human KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic KW - Life Tables KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Renal Dialysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Survival Rate KW - United States N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ASATE C2 - 2252646 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Acchiardo, Sergio R.; Univ of Tennessee, Memphis, United States UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025458340&partnerID=40&md5=24f43d1c4e6a35c8eca9555c6f5ea092 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Future lives of truants: family formation and health-related behaviour. T2 - The British journal of educational psychology J2 - Br J Educ Psychol VL - 60 SP - Pt 2/ EP - PY - 1990 SN - 00070998 (ISSN) AU - Hibbett, A. AU - Fogelman, K. AD - Employment Department, London. AB - This paper examines early adult outcomes of truancy regarding family formation and health-related behaviour, and is based on data collected in the National Child Development Study, which surveyed all people in Great Britain born in the week 3-9 March 1958, at birth, and at ages 7, 11, 16 and 23. Truants compared to non-truants were found to be relatively more likely to have experienced marital breakdown by the age of 23. They had more children, and their age at the birth of their first child was younger. Truants differed little from non-truants regarding their drinking habits, but were more prone to being heavy smokers. They also showed an increased likelihood of depression. Differences remained after controlling for social background, prior educational attainment, school attendance and qualifications obtained. The authors conclude that truancy appears to be associated with subsequent marital and psychological problems in early adulthood. KW - absenteeism KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - ego development KW - family KW - female KW - follow up KW - health behavior KW - human KW - male KW - psychological aspect KW - student KW - Absenteeism KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Family KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Health Behavior KW - Human KW - Male KW - Personality Development KW - Student Dropouts KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2378807 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hibbett, A. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025437646&partnerID=40&md5=e1f289674e87aac9396e7ee8f8af97fa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Follow up of New Zealand participants in British atmospheric nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Br. Med. J. VL - 300 IS - 6733 SP - 1161 EP - 1166 PY - 1990 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Pearce, N. AU - Prior, I. AU - Methven, D. AU - Culling, C. AU - Marshall, S. AU - Auld, J. AU - De Boer, G. AU - Bethwaite, P. AD - Department of Community Health, Wellington School of Medicine, PO Box 7343, Wellington, New Zealand AD - National Health Statistics Centre, Private Bag 2, Wellington, New Zealand AB - Objective - To study the health of Royal New Zealand Navy personnel who participated in atmospheric nuclear weapons tests conducted by the United Kingdom at Maiden Island and Christmas Island in 1957 and 1958. Design - Blinded, controlled follow up of up to 30 years. Setting - New Zealand. Subjects - 528 Men known to have participated in the tests and a control group of 1504 men who were in the Royal New Zealand Navy during the same period but did not participate in the tests. Main outcome measures - Mortality and incidence of cancer. Results - Follow up for the period 1957-87 was 94% complete in test participants and 91% complete in the controls. There were 70 deaths among test participants and 179 deaths among controls, yielding a relative risk of 1·08 (90% confidence interval 0·85 to 1·38, p= 0·29). The relative risk of death from causes other than cancer was 0·96 (0·71 to 1·29, p=0·59) whereas the relative risk of death from cancer was 1·38 (0·90 to 2·10, p=0·09) and of the incidence of cancer was 1·12 (0·78 to 1·60, p=0·29). For cancers other than haematological malignancies the relative risk was 1·14 (0·69 to 1·83, p=0·31) for mortality and 1·01 (0·67 to 1·50, p=0·48) for incidence. There were seven deaths from haematological cancers among test participants (relative risk 3·25, 90% confidence interval 1·12 to 9·64, p=0·02), including four leukaemias (5·58, 1·04 to 41·6, p=0·03). The relative risk for incidence of haematological cancers was 1·94 (0·74 to 4·84, p=0·10) and that for leukaemia was 5·51 (1·03 to 41·1, p=0·03). There were no cases of multiple myeloma in the test participants during the follow up period, but the expected number was only 0·3. Conclusions - Although the numbers are small, the findings for leukaemia are similar to those for British participants in the nuclear weapons test programme. Some leukaemias, and possibly some other haematological cancers, may have resulted from participation in this programme. There is little evidence of an increased risk for non-haematological cancers, and there is no evidence of an increased risk for causes of death other than cancer. KW - article KW - atomic bomb KW - cancer KW - cancer risk KW - controlled study KW - follow up KW - human KW - leukemia KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - medical research KW - mortality KW - new zealand KW - priority journal KW - Cause of Death KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status KW - Human KW - Leukemia KW - Military Personnel KW - Neoplasms KW - New Zealand KW - Nuclear Warfare KW - Risk KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 2346802 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pearce, N.; Department of Community Health, Wellington School of Medicine, PO Box 7343, Wellington, New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025324558&partnerID=40&md5=c9f957362a4c1fb17f3f99540c19a171 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prenatal exposure to tobacco: I. Effects on physical growth at age three T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 66 EP - 71 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1093/ije/19.1.66 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Fox, N.L. AU - Sexton, M. AU - Hebel, J.R. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore. Maryland 21201, United States AD - Maryland Medical Research Institute, 600 Wyndhurst Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21210, United States AB - Fox N L (Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street. Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA), Sexton M and Hebel J R. Prenatal exposure to tobacco. I. Effects on physical growth at age three. International Journal of Epidemiology 1990; 19: 66-71.The height and weight of 714 children whose mothers smoked at the beginning of their pregnancies were assessed at three years of age. The children of women who quit smoking during pregnancy were taller and heavier than those of women who continued to smoke throughout pregnancy. Adjustment for maternal postpartum smoking status reduced the difference in weight, but had little effect on height. The differences in both height and weight at three years of age were greatly reduced when adjusted for size at birth and length of gestation. These results suggest that deficits associated with maternal smoking are not overcome by three years of age and that at least some of the observed anthropometric deficits may be extensions of deficits in fetal growth. © 1990 International Epidemiological Association. KW - article KW - female KW - fetus KW - growth retardation KW - human KW - infant KW - postnatal growth KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal exposure KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - tobacco KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Embryo and Fetal Development KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Smoking KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Tobacco N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 2351526 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Fox, N.L.; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore. Maryland 21201, United States N1 - References: (1980), US Department of Health and Human Services. The health con A Report of the Surgeon General sequences of smoking for women, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Rantakallio, P., A follow-up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1983) Acta Pediatr Scand, 72, pp. 747-753; Rantakallio, P., Growth in the 14-year-old children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1984) Human Growth and Development, pp. 109-114. , Borm S J, Hauspie R, Sand A. Hebbelinck S M, New York: Plenum; Hardy, J.B., Mellits, E.D., Does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a long-term effect on the child? (1972) The Lancet, 11, pp. 1332-1336; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) Br Med J, 4, pp. 573-575; Dunn, H.G., McBurney, A.K., Ingram, S., Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the child’s subsequent development: I. Physical growth to the age of 6-1/2 years (1976) Can J Publ Hlth, 67, pp. 499-505; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study, , London: Longman; Fogelman, K.R., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) Br Med J, 297, pp. 1233-1236; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Du Ve Florey, C., Exposure to cigarette smoking and children’s growth (1985) Int J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 402-409; (1986) Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects, , National Research Council, Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Sexton, M., Hebei, J.R., A clinical trial of change in maternal smoking and its effect on birth weight (1984) JAMA, 251, pp. 911-915; Hebei, J.R., Nowicki, P., Sexton, M., The effect of anti-smoking intervention during pregnancy: An assessment of interactions with maternal characteristics (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, pp. 135-148; Nowicki, P., Gintzig, L., Hebei, J.R., Effective smoking intervention during pregnancy (1984) Birth, 2, pp. 217-224; Hebei, J.R., Fox, N.L., Sexton, M., Dose-response of birth weight to various measures of maternal smoking during pregnancy (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 483-489; Eisert, D.C., Spector, S., Shankaran, S., Mothers’ reports of their low birth weight infants’ subsequent development on the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (1980) J Ped Psychology, 5, pp. 353-365; Sexton, M.J., Fox, N.L., Hebei, J.R., (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 72-77; Cochran, W.G., Analysis of covariance: Its nature and uses (1957) Biometrics, 13, pp. 261-281; Sexton, M.J., Fox, N.L., Hebei, J.R., Postpartum smoking (1987) Smoking and Reproductive Health. Littleton, Massachusetts, pp. 222-226. , Rosenberg M, PSG Publishing Company, Inc UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025257323&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f19.1.66&partnerID=40&md5=5269d7d3ab9f4d2ed51c8bc9765a61be ER - TY - JOUR TI - Occupational outcomes of truancy. T2 - The British journal of educational psychology J2 - Br J Educ Psychol VL - 60 SP - Pt 1/ EP - PY - 1990 SN - 00070998 (ISSN) AU - Hibbett, A. AU - Fogelman, K. AU - Manor, O. AD - Employment Department, London. AB - This paper presents some findings of a study into early adult outcomes of truancy, which was based on the National Child Development Study, a longitudinal survey of all people in Great Britain born in the week 3rd-9th March 1958. It was found that truancy is associated with lower status occupations, less stable career patterns and more unemployment. Among those who were working, former truants' incomes were not lower, but they were considerably less well off once their family situation was taken into account. Differences remained after controlling for the effects of social background, educational ability, poor attendance due to other reasons, and end-of-school qualifications. The authors conclude that truancy is a predictor of employment problems, and of a more severe kind than will be experienced by others who share the disadvantaged background and low attainment which typify the truant. KW - absenteeism KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - child KW - female KW - follow up KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - social class KW - unemployment KW - United Kingdom KW - vocational education KW - Absenteeism KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - England KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Unemployment KW - Vocational Education N1 - Cited By :17 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2344431 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hibbett, A. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19244384837&partnerID=40&md5=9638f1c1fdb55d5c7333cb625e394ee1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Career Criminals in the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort: A Follow-Up of the Early Adult Years T2 - Criminal Justice Review J2 - Crim. Justice Rev. VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 151 EP - 172 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1177/073401689001500202 SN - 07340168 (ISSN) AU - Kempf, K.L. AB - This paper identifies career criminals in the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort Study. Descriptive differences are presented according to delinquency involvement and demographic attributes. These data enable this investigation to avoid previous weaknesses by extending the length of the career, the number, and the composition of the research subjects. Based on the findings and limitations confronted in even these extensive data, the paper concludes with considerations for policy and directives for future research. © 1990, The College of Public and Urban Affairs, Georgia State University. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Hsieh, P., (1982) The duration of adult criminal careers, , Final report submitted to NIJ; Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Nagin, D., (1978) Deterrence and incapacitation: Estimating the effects of criminal sanctions on crime roles, , Washington, DC National Academy of Sciences; Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J.A., Visher, C.A., (1986) Criminal careers and “career criminals, , Washington, DC National Academy of Sciences; Blumstein, A., Farrington, D.P., Moitra, S., (1985) Crime and justice, , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Blumstein, A., Moitra, S., (1980) Law and Policy Quarterly, 2, pp. 321-334; Boland, B., Wilson, J.Q., (1978) Public Interest, 51, pp. 22-34; Bursik, R., (1980) Social Forces, 58 (3), pp. 851-864; Chaiken, J., Chaiken, M., (1982) Varieties of criminal behavior, , Santa Monica, CA Rand Corporation; Chaiken, J., Chaiken, M., Peterson, J., (1982) Varieties of criminal behavior: Summary and policy implications, , Santa Monica, CA Rand Corporation; Chaiken, J., Chaiken, M., (1984) Crime and Delinquency, 30 (2), pp. 195-226; Chaiken, J., Rolph, J., (1978) Selective incapacitation strategies based on estimated crime rates, , Santa Monica, CA Rand Corporation; Chaitin, M., Dunham, H., (1966) Social Forces, 45, pp. 114-119; Cicourel, A.V., (1967) The social organization of juvenile justice, , New York, NY John Wiley and Sons; Clarke, R., Cornish, D., (1985) Crime and justice, pp. 147-185. , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Clarke, R.V.G., (1980) British Journal of Criminology, 20, pp. 136-147; Clarke, R.V.G., Mayhew, P., (1980) Designing out crime, , London, England H.M.S.O; Clinard, M., Quinney, R., (1967) Criminal behavior systems: A typology, , New York, NY Holt, Rinehart and Winston; Cline, H., (1980) Constancy and change in human development, pp. 641-674. , Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press; Cloward, R.A., Ohlin, L., (1960) Delinquency and opportunity, , New York, NY The Free Press; Collins, J., (1977) Offender careers and restraint: Probabilities and policy implications, , Washington, DC U.S. Department of Justice; Dunham, H., Knauer, M., (1954) Social Forces, 32, pp. 290-296; Emerson, R., (1969) Judging delinquents: Context and process in juvenile court, , Chicago, IL Aldine; Empey, L., Rabow, J., (1961) American Sociological Review, 26, p. 5; Farrington, D., Stepping stones to adult criminal careers (1982), Conference on Development of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior, Voss, Norway; Farrington, D., (1983) Prospective studies of crime and delinquency, pp. 17-37. , Boston, MA Kluever-Nijhoff; Farrington, D., (1983) Further analyses of a longitudinal survey of crime and delinquency, , Cambridge, England Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University; Farrington, D.P., Osborn, S.G., West, D.J., (1978) British Journal of Criminology, 18, pp. 277-284; Farrington, D., West, D., (1981) Prospective longitudinal research, pp. 137-145. , Oxford, England Oxford University Press; Frazier, C.E., Bock, E.W., Henretta, J.C., (1980) Criminology, 18 (2), pp. 162-181; Frum, H.S., (1958) Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 49, pp. 29-49; Gibbons, D., (1975) British Journal of Criminology, 15 (2), pp. 140-156; Glaser, D., (1978) Crime in our changing society, , New York, NY Holt, Rinehart and Winston; Glaser, D., (1979) Crime and justice, pp. 203-237. , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1930) 500 criminal careers, , New York, NY Knopf; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1934) One thousand juvenile delinquents: Their treatment by court and clinic, , Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1937) Later criminal careers, , New York, NY The Commonwealth Fund; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1940) Juvenile delinquents grown up, , New York, NY The Commonwealth Fund; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1943) Criminal careers in retrospect, , New York, NY The Commonwealth Fund; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1945) The after conduct of discharged offenders, , London, England Macmillan and Co; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1950) Unraveling juvenile delinquency, , New York, NY The Commonwealth Fund; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1964) Ventures in criminology: Selected recent papers by Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck, , Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press; Glueck, S., Glueck, E., (1968) Delinquents and non-delinquents in perspective, , Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press; Goldkamp, J.S., Gottfredson, M.R., (1984) Policy guidelines for bail: An experiment in court reform, , Philadelphia, PA Temple University Press; Gottfredson, D.M., Wilkins, L.T., Hoffman, P.B., (1978) Guidelines for parole and sentencing: A policy control method, , Lexington, MA Lexington Books; Gottfredson, G., (1975) Journal of Criminal Justice, 3, pp. 321-332; Gottfredson, M.R., Gottfredson, D.R., (1980) Decision making in criminal justice: Toward the rational exercise of discretion, , Cambridge, MA Ballinger; Gottfredson, M., Hirschi, T., (1986) Criminology, 24 (2), pp. 212-233; Greenwood, P., Abrahamse, A., (1982) Selective incapacitation, , Santa Monica, CA Rand Corporation; Hamparian, D., Schuster, R., Dinitz, S., Conrad, J., (1978) The violent few, , Lexington, MA Lexington Books; Healy, W., Bronner, A., (1936) New light on juvenile delinquency, , New Haven, CT Yale University Press; Healy, W., Bronner, A., (1969) Delinquents and criminals: Their making and unmaking, , Montclair, NJ Patterson Smith Publishing Corporation; (1985) Criminal careers of those born in 1953, 1958 and 1963, , Home Office Statistical Office. London, England H.M.S.O; Janson, C., (1977) Project Metropolitan: A longitudinal study of a Stockholm cohort, , Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm University; Janson, C., (1982) Project Metropolitan: A longitudinal study of a Stockholm cohort, , Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm University; Kempf, K., Assessment of the relationship between socioeconomic status and delinquency using the 1958 Philadelphia birth cohort (1983), annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Denver, Colorado; Klein, M., (1979) Crime and Justice, 1; Klein, M.W., (1984) British Journal of Criminology, 24 (2), pp. 185-194; Kolvin, I., (1985) Association for Child Psychiatry and Psychiatry Newsletter, p. 7; Langan, P., Farrington, D., (1983) The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 74 (2), pp. 519-546; Langan, P., Greenfeld, L., (1983) Career patterns in crime, , Washington, DC Bureau of Justice Statistics; May, D., (1981) Prospective longitudinal research: An empirical basis for the primary prevention of psychological disorders, , Oxford, England Oxford University Press; McCord, J., (1978) American Psychologist, 33, pp. 284-289; McCord, J., (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, pp. 1477-1486; McCord, J., (1981) Criminology, 19 (2), pp. 211-218; McCord, J., (1984) Handbook of longitudinal research: Teenage and adult cohorts, pp. 522-531. , New York, NY Praeger; McCord, J., McCord, W., (1959) The Annals of the American Academy, 322, pp. 89-96; Myerhoff, H.L., Myerhoff, B.G., (1964) Social Forces, 42, pp. 328-336; Petersilia, J., (1980) Crime and justice, pp. 321-379. , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Petersilia, J., Greenwood, P., Lavin, M., (1977) Criminal careers of habitual felons, , Santa Monica, CA Rand Corporation; Peterson, M., Braiker, H., Polich, S., (1981) Who commits crime: A survey of prison inmates, , Cambridge, MA Oelgeschlager, Gunn and Hain; Polk, K., Adler, C., Bazemore, G., Blake, G., Cordray, S., Coventry, G., Galvin, J., Temple, M., (1981) Becoming adult: An analysis of maturational development from age 16 to 30 of a cohort of young men: The final report of the Marion County Youth Study, , Eugene, OR University of Oregon; Polsky, N., (1969) Hustlers, beats, and others, , Garden City, NY Anchor Books; Reckless, W., (1961) Federal Probation, 25, pp. 42-46; Robins, L., (1966) Deviant children grown up, , Baltimore, MD The Williams and Wilkins Company; Robins, L., O'Neal, P., (1958) American Sociological Review, 23, pp. 162-171; Rojek, D., Erickson, M., (1982) Criminology, 20 (1), pp. 5-28; Ryder, N., (1965) American Sociological Review, 30, pp. 843-861; Schrag, C., (1986) Crime and human nature]. Crime and Delinquency, 33 (1), pp. 155-160; Shannon, L., (1978) Qualitative studies in criminology, pp. 121-146. , Beverly Hills, CA Sage Publications; Shannon, L., (1982) Assessing the relationship of adult criminal careers to juvenile careers: A summary, , Washington, DC U.S. Department of Justice; Shannon, L., (1985) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1 (2), pp. 159-189; Shaw, C., (1930) The jack roller: A delinquent boy's own story, , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Shaw, C., (1931) The natural history of a delinquent career, , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Shaw, C., McKay, H., (1942) Juvenile delinquency and urban areas, , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Sinclair, I., Clarke, R., (1982) Development in the study of criminal behavior: The prevention and control of offending, pp. 51-78. , New York, NY John Wiley and Sons; Stott, D., Wilson, D., (1977) British Journal of Criminology, 17 (1), pp. 47-57; Taylor, I., Walton, P., Young, J., (1973) The new criminology, , London, England Routledge and Kegan Paul; Thrasher, F., (1927) The gang, , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Tracy, P., (1978) An analysis of the incidence and seriousness of self-reported delinquency and crime, , Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Tracy, P., (1981) Ecology and delinquency: The development of a composite measure of social class; Tracy, P., Wolfgang, M., Figlio, R., (1984) Delinquency in a birth cohort II: A comparison of the 1945 and 1958 Philadelphia birth cohorts, , Washington, DC National Institute of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Tracy, P., Wolfgang, M., Figlio, R., (1985) Delinquency in two birth cohorts, , Washington, DC National Institute of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; (1983) Report of the nation on crime and justice, , U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, DC Bureau of Justice Statistics; (1985) Sponsored research programs, fiscal year 1986, , U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, DC National Institute of Justice; Wadsworth, M., (1975) British Journal of Criminology, 5, pp. 167-174; Wadsworth, M., (1979) Roots of delinquency: Infancy, adolescence, and crime, , New York, NY Barnes and Noble Books; Weis, J.G., Sederstrom, J., (1981) The prevention of serious delinquency. What to do?, , Seattle, WA Center for Law and Justice; West, D., (1969) Present conduct and future delinquency, , London, England Heinemann; West, D., (1982) Delinquency: Its roots, careers and prospects, , London, England Heinemann; Wilson, J.Q., Herrnstein, R., (1985) Crime and human nature, , New York, NY Simon and Schuster; Wolfgang, M., From boy to man-from delinquency to crime (1977), National Symposium on the Serious Juvenile Offender, Minneapolis, MN; Wolfgang, M.E., (1982) California Lawyer, 2 (10), pp. 12-13; Wolfgang, M., Figlio, R., Sellin, T., (1972) Delinquency in a birth cohort, , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; Wolfgang, M., Thornberry, T., Figlio, R., (1987) From boy to man, from delinquency to crime: A follow-up of delinquents in a birth cohort, , Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973848930&doi=10.1177%2f073401689001500202&partnerID=40&md5=ede1927b573f385914112283be2cb0d2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cytologic screening for cancer of the uterine cervix in Sweden evaluated by identification and simulation T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 61 IS - 6 SP - 903 EP - 908 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1038/bjc.1990.202 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Gustafsson, L. AU - Adami, H.-O. AD - Department of Technology, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala, S-751 21, Sweden AD - Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden AB - Parameters characterising the progression of cervical neoplasia were estimated from population- based cancer and mortality statistics in Sweden for 1958-1981 by means of a dynamic computer model. Proceeding from that model and these data, the incidence and prevalence curves were constructed, the effects of the extensive cytological screening measures introduced during the 1960s were assessed, and future gains due to the measures already undertaken up to 1981 could be simulated. About 4, 000 cases of cancer in situ were diagnosed annually in Sweden after the end of the 1960s, most of them in women bom later than 1919. The maximum reduction in the number of invasive cancers up to 1981 was 42% for women born in 1919-1923, but increased progressively for later birth cohorts and reached 69% for those born in 1934-1938. The corresponding reduction in mortality rates was of the same magnitude. The screening measures up to 1981 will ultimately result in a reduction of invasive cancer by about 12, 500 cases and of the number of deaths due to this disease by about 4, 100. Only a part of the total gain in the number of lives saved had been revealed at the end of the study period in 1981. © The MacMillan Press Ltd., 1990. KW - article KW - cancer screening KW - cohort analysis KW - computer analysis KW - female KW - human KW - methodology KW - priority journal KW - simulation KW - sweden KW - uterine cervix cancer KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Carcinoma in Situ KW - Cervix Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Human KW - Mass Screening KW - Middle Age KW - Prevalence KW - Program Evaluation KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Sweden KW - Vaginal Smears N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2372495 LA - English N1 - Funding details: Swedish Brain Power, Swedish Brain Power N1 - Funding details: Swedish Brain Power, Swedish Brain Power N1 - Funding text: Society.study was supported by grants from the Swedish Cancer N1 - References: Clarke, E.A., Anderson, T.W., Does screening by ‘PAP’ smears help prevent cervical cancer? A case-control study (1979) Lancet, 2, p. 1; Day, N.E., Effect of cervical cancer screening in Scandinavia. Obstet (1984) Gynecol., 63, p. 714; Geirsson, G., Kristiansdottir, R., Sigurdsson, K., Cervical cancer screening in Iceland: A case-control study (1986) Screening for Cancer on the Uterine Cervix, p. 37. , Hakama, M., Miller, A. B & Day, N. E, IARC: Lyon; Gustafsson, L., Adami, H.O., Natural history of cervical neoplasia: Consistent results obtained by an identification technique (1989) Br. J. Cancer, 60, p. 132; Gustafsson, L., The natural history of cancer of the cervix uteri. A simulation study based on Swedish statistics for 1958-1981 (1986) Institute of Technology, Uppsala University; Habbema, J.D.F., Lubbe, J.T.N., Van Der Maas, P.J., Van Oort Marssen, G.J., A computer simulation approach to the evaluation of mass screening (1983) Medinfo 1983, p. 1222. , van Bemmel, J. H., Ball, M. J. & Wigertz, O, IFIP/IMIA, North- Holland: Amsterdam; Hakama, M., Chamberlain, J., Day, N.E., Miller, A.B., Pro, R., Evaluation of screeniing programmes for gynaecological cancer (1985) Br. J. Cancer, 52, p. 669; Working group on evaluation of cervical cancer screening programmes. Screening for squamous cervical cnacer: Duration of low risk after negative results of cervical cytology and its implication for screening policies (1986) Br. Med. J., 293, p. 659; Knox, E.G., Ages and frequences for cervical cancer screening (1976) Br. J. Cancer, 34, p. 444; Knox, E.G., Cancer of the uterine cercix (1982) Trends in Cancer Indicence, p. 271. , Causes and Practical Implications, Magnus, K, McGraw-Hill, New York; Laara, E., Day, N., Hakama, M., Trends in mortality from cervical cancer in the Nordic countries: Association with organized screening programmes (1987) Lancet, 1, p. 1247; Lynge, E., Madsen, M., Engholm, G., Effect of organized screening on incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Denmark (1989) Cancer Res., 46, p. 2157; Macgregor, J.E., Moss, S.M., Parkin, D.M., Day, N.E., A case-control study of cervical cancer screening in north east Scotland (1985) Br. Med. J., 290, p. 1543; Mattsson, B., Wallgren, A., Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register. Non-notified cancer cases recorded on death certificates in 1978. Acta Radiol (1984) Oncol., 23, p. 305; Miller, A.B., Evaluation of the impact of screening for cancer of the cervix (1986) Screening for Cancer on the Uterine Cervix, p. 149. , Hakama, M., Miller, A. B & Day, N. E, IARC: Lyon; Social- styrelsens cirkular angaende anmalen till cancerregrstret, der Zjanuari 1968 (1968) Stockholm; Gynaecological mass examination 1967-1968 (1970) Stockholm; Cancer incidence in Sweden 1958-1981 (1984) Stockholm; Principles and routines for gynecological health examinations. Report from group of experts of National Board of Health and Welfare (in Swedish) (1982) Stockholm; Parkin, D.M., Moss, S.M., An evaluation of screening policies for cervical cancer in England and Wales using a computer simulation model (1986) J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health, 40, p. 143; Pettersson, F., Bjorkholm, E., Näsholm, I., Evaluation of screening for cervical cancer in Sweden: Trends in incidence and mortality 1958-1980 (1985) Int. J. Epidemiol., 14, p. 521; Prorok, P.C., Mathematical models and natural history in cervical cancer screening (1986) Screening for Cancer of the Uterine Cervix, p. 185. , Hakama, M., Miller, A. B & Day, N. E, IARC: Lyon; Stenkvist, B., Bergström, R., Eklund, G., Fox, C.H., Apanicolaou smear screening and cervical cancer (1984) JAMA, 252, p. 1423 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025279687&doi=10.1038%2fbjc.1990.202&partnerID=40&md5=398c3672146a839f7ed17d48b4134eab ER - TY - JOUR TI - OCCUPATIONAL OUTCOMES OF TRUANCY T2 - British Journal of Educational Psychology J2 - Br. J. Educ. Psychol. VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 36 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1990.tb00919.x SN - 00070998 (ISSN) AU - HIBBETT, A. AU - FOGELMAN, K. AU - MANOR, O. AD - Employment Department, London, United Kingdom AD - School of Education, University of Leicester, United Kingdom AD - Department of Statistics, University of Jerusalem, Israel AB - Summary. This paper presents some findings of a study into early adult outcomes of truancy, which was based on the National Child Development Study, a longitudinal survey of all people in Great Britain born in the week 3rd‐9th March 1958. It was found that truancy is associated with lower status occupations, less stable career patterns and more unemployment. Among those who were working, former truants' incomes were not lower, but they were considerably less well off once their family situation was taken into account. Differences remained after controlling for the effects of social background, educational ability, poor attendance due to other reasons, and end‐of‐school qualifications. The authors conclude that truancy is a predictor of employment problems, and of a more severe kind than will be experienced by others who share the disadvantaged background and low attainment which typify the truant. 1990 The British Psychological Society N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: HIBBETT, A.; Employment Department, London, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982026243&doi=10.1111%2fj.2044-8279.1990.tb00919.x&partnerID=40&md5=661cedd284aaf1860f459b9d712f5e1a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional variations in wheezing illness in British children: Effect of migration during early childhood T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 231 EP - 236 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1136/jech.44.3.231 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Golding, J. AU - Anderson, H.R. AD - Dept. of Public Health Sci., St. George's Hospital, Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - Study objective - The aim was to examine the regional distribution of wheezing illness among British children, and the age at which geographical differences may be determined. Design - Cross sectional analyses and study of interregional migrants were used. Subjects - The subjects were national cohorts of British children born in 1958 and 1970. Measurements and main results - The regional distribution of wheezing illness showed significant heterogeneity at age 5 (1970 cohort) and 7 (1958 cohort). In both cohorts, children in Scotland had a low prevalence of wheeze, which could not be attributed to underreporting of mild cases. There was a less consistent tendency for high prevalence in Wales, and in the South Western and Midlands regions of England. In the 1958 cohort, the regional differentials diminished progressively with age and were negligible at age 23. There was a poor correlation between the regional distribution of childhood asthma and the common geographical pattern shown by eczema in infancy and hay fever at age 23. Analysis of interregional migrants suggested that the regional variation in each cohort at age 5-7 was primarily related to the region of current residence, and not to the region of birth. Conclusions - Genetic constitution, perinatal exposures, or early childhood experiences are unlikely to account for the regional variation in wheezing illness. Although local patterns of symptom reporting or disease labelling may be acquired by parents who move to a new region, environmental factors operating at a regional level probably determine the prevalence of asthma in primary school children. These influences do not appear to have long lasting effects upon the tendency to wheeze in adolescence and early adulthood. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - environmental exposure KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - migration KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - United Kingdom KW - wheezing KW - children KW - disease variation KW - early migration KW - geographical variation KW - regional distribution KW - wheezing illness KW - UK N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 2273362 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Strachan, D.P.; Dept. of Public Health Sci., St. George's Hospital, Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025197301&doi=10.1136%2fjech.44.3.231&partnerID=40&md5=383eb04dd12429b396406f28c76b10ab ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of family formation and dissolution in shaping drinking behaviour in early adulthood T2 - British Journal of Addiction J2 - Br. J. Addict. VL - 85 IS - 4 SP - 521 EP - 530 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01672.x SN - 09520481 (ISSN) AU - POWER, C. AU - ESTAUGH, V. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London, EC1V OHB, United Kingdom AB - The role of family formation and dissolution was examined in relation to alcohol consumption in early adulthood, using longitudinal data from a large representative British sample (the 1958 cohort). In comparison with other potential influences upon drinking, including employment and financial circumstances, social position and psychological wellbeing, the family formation patterns of young adults were most strongly associated with their current drinking. Stability and change in drinking between adolescence and early adulthood were also examined. Results were generally consistent with stable partnerships and family formation exerting a moderating influence on drinking since marriage and parenthood were most prevalent among groups reducing consumption or maintaining the lighter drinking of their teens. Most importantly, partnership breakdown was associated with heavier drinking established at age 16 and increasing consumption between adolescence and early adulthood. Copyright © 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - drinking behavior KW - employment KW - family KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - social class KW - wellbeing KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Alcoholism KW - Child KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Divorce KW - Family KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Life Change Events KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :55 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2346791 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: POWER, C.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London, EC1V OHB, United Kingdom N1 - References: Fillmore, K.M., Prevalence, incidence and chronicity of drinking patterns and problems among men as a function of age: a longitudinal and cohort analysis (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 77-83; Fillmore, K.M., Women's Drinking across the adult life course as compared to men's (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 801-811; Wilson, P., (1980) Drinking in England and Wales, , London, HMSO; Hauge, R., Irgens‐Jensen, O., Age, alcohol consumption and the experiencing of negative consequences of drinking in tour Scandinavian Countries (1987) British Journal of Addication, 82, pp. 1101-1110; (1986) Alcohol our Favourite Drug, , ?, London, Tavistock; Kendell, R.E., Alcoholism: a medical or a political problem (1979) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 367-371; Shepherd, J., Irish, M., Scully, C., Leslie, I., Alcohol intoxication and severity of injury in victims of assault (1988) British Medical Journal, 296, p. 1299; Havard, J., Drunken driving among the young (1986) British Medical Journal, 293, p. 774; (1986) Young People and Alcohol, , London, Chameleon; Jessor, R., Jessor, S.L., Adolescent development and the onset of drinking, a longitudinal study (1975) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, pp. 27-51; Stacey, B., Davies, J., Drinking Behaviour in childhood and adolescence: an evaluative review (1970) British Journal of Addiction, 65, pp. 203-212; Cartwright, A.K.J., Shaw, S.J., Trends in the epidemiology of alcoholism (1978) Psychological Medicine, 8, pp. 1-4; Helman, C., (1984) Culture, Health and Illness, , Brisol, John Wright; Donovan, J.E., Jessor, R, Jessor, L., Problem drinking in adolescence and young adulthood (1983) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 44, pp. 109-137; Dunbar, G.C., Morgan, D.D.V., The changing pattern of alcohol consumption in England and Wales 1978–85 (1987) British Medical Journal, 295, pp. 807-810; Breeze, E., (1985) Women and Drinking, , London, HMSO; Davie, R., Butler, N.R, Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Harlow, Longman; (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , Fogelman, K., London, Macmillan; Ghodsian, M., Power, C., Alcohol consumption between the ages of 16 and 23 in Britain: a longitudinal study (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 175-180; Power, C., (1985), Alcohol consumption and associated factors in young adults in Britain, NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 4 (London, City University); Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education Health and Behaviour, , London, Longman; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-491; Blalock, H.M., (1979) Social Statistics, , New York, McGraw Hill; Wilsnack, R.W., Wilsnack, S.C., Klassen, A.D., Women's drinking and drinking problems: patterns from a 1981 national survey (1984) American Journal of Public Health, 74, pp. 1231-1238; Gombergje, E., Lisansky, J., Antecedents of alcohol problems in women (1984) Alcohol Problems in Women, pp. 233-259. , C. Wilsnack, J. Lisansky, (Eds), London, Guildford Press; Shaw, S., The causes of increasing drinking problems amongst women: a general etiological theory (1980) Women and Alcohol, pp. 1-40. , (Eds), London, Tavistock; Plewis, I., (1985) Analysing Change: measurement and explanation using longitudinal data, , Chichester, John Wiley; Crawford, A., Plant, M.A., Kreitman, N., Latcham, R.W., Unemployment and drinking behaviour; some data from a general population survey of alcohol use (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 1007-1016; Kendell, R.E., de Roumanie, M., Ritson, E.B., Effect of economic changes on Scottish drinking habits 1978–1982 (1983) British Journal of Addiction, 78. , 385, 379; Segal, B., Huba, G.J., Singer, J.L., (1980) Drugs, Daydreaming and Personality: a study of college youth, , Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum; Power, C., Estaugh, V., Employment and drinking in early adulthood', a longitudinal perspective (1990) British Journal of Addiction, 85, pp. 487-494; Plant, M.A., Peck, D.F., Samuel, E., (1985) Alcohol, Drugs and School‐leavers, , London, Tavistock; Marsh, A., Dobbs, J., White, A., (1986) Adolescent Drinking, , London, HMSO; Anderson, P., Cremona, A., Wallace, P., What are safe levels of alcohol consumption (1984) British Medical Journal, 289, pp. 1657-1658 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025268275&doi=10.1111%2fj.1360-0443.1990.tb01672.x&partnerID=40&md5=0a28c8ae2f7f2f65774baeaed66e0a2f ER - TY - JOUR TI - FUTURE LIVES OF TRUANTS: FAMILY FORMATION AND HEALTH‐RELATED BEHAVIOUR T2 - British Journal of Educational Psychology J2 - Br. J. Educ. Psychol. VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - 171 EP - 179 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1990.tb00934.x SN - 00070998 (ISSN) AU - Hibbett, A. AU - Fogelman, K. AD - Employment Department, London, United Kingdom AD - School of Education, University of Leicester, United Kingdom AB - Summary. This paper examines early adult outcomes of truancy regarding family formation and health‐related behaviour, and is based on data collected in the National Child Development Study, which surveyed all people in Great Britain born in the week 3–9 March 1958, at birth, and at ages 7, 11, 16 and 23. Truants compared to non‐truants were found to be relatively more likely to have experienced marital breakdown by the age of 23. They had more children, and their age at the birth of their first child was younger. Truants differed little from non‐truants regarding their drinking habits, but were more prone to being heavy smokers. They also showed an increased likelihood of depression. Differences remained after controlling for social background, prior educational attainment, school attendance and qualifications obtained. The authors conclude that truancy appears to be associated with subsequent marital and psychological problems in early adulthood. 1990 The British Psychological Society N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hibbett, A.; Social Science Branch 1, Employment Department, Steel House, Tothill Street, London, SWlH 9NF, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981993627&doi=10.1111%2fj.2044-8279.1990.tb00934.x&partnerID=40&md5=878c347737804768411cee917f84af99 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Childhood morbidity and adulthood ill health T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 74 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1136/jech.44.1.69 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Peckham, C. AD - Social Statistics Res. Unit, The City University, Northampton Square, London EC1, United Kingdom AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the state of health in childhood and ill health in early adult life. The study used data collected as part of the National Child Development Study and related health at 7 years of age to that at 23. A wide range of information on child health in the cohort was available, which was used to construct a broader measure of health status than selected diagnostic categories. The survey population was nationwide. The study population included all children born in the week 3-9 March 1958. They were followed up at 7, 11, 16, and 23 years. Of the target population of 17,733 births, 12,537 (76%) were retraced and interviewed at 23. Children at age 7 were allocated to 13 morbidity groups; 20% of children had reported no ill-health apart from the common infectious diseases, but 10% were included in four or more of the morbidity groups. Children with no reported morbidity retained their health advantage into early adulthood: ratios of observed to expected ill health for four of the five indices examined at age 23 were all significantly below one (self rated health 0.81, asthma and/or wheezy bronchitis 0.63, allergies 0.79, emotional health 0.75). Children with more morbidity at age 7 had higher ratios of ill health in adulthood. A chronic condition in childhood was associated not only with excess morbidity in the short term but also with a poor health rating in early adult life (ratio = 1.38). Morbidity was significantly increased for most of the adulthood indices among children with asthma and/or wheezy bronchitis. However most ill health in young adulthood occurred in study members with a relatively healthy childhood. Although the state of health in childhood has long term implications, it does not form a substantial contribution to ill health in early adult life. KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - child KW - childhood disease KW - follow up KW - health status KW - human KW - methodology KW - morbidity KW - normal human KW - priority journal N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 2348153 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Social Statistics Res. Unit, The City University, Northampton Square, London EC1, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025253054&doi=10.1136%2fjech.44.1.69&partnerID=40&md5=37142f0d5382b1cc94dfa26f5295266c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Second primary tumors following thyroid cancer a swedish record-linkage study T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 29 IS - 7 SP - 869 EP - 873 PY - 1990 DO - 10.3109/02841869009096381 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Hall, P. AU - Holm, L.E. AU - Lundell, G. AD - Departments of General Oncology and Cancer Prevention, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AB - The incidence of second primary tumors was studied through record-linkage in 2 968 thyroid cancer patients reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry during the period 1958-1975. The cohort was matched with the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1959 and 1984. A total of 283 second primary tumors were reported more than one year after thyroid cancer diagnosis, and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.18 (95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.31). A significantly elevated risk of cancer of the kidney, endocrine glands, and nervous system was noted. Men had a higher risk (SIR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.06-1.70) than women (SIR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.96-1.28). Patients who were 36-45 years at the time of the thyroid cancer diagnosis were at highest risk of developing a second primary tumor (SIR = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.99-1.81). Significantly elevated risks were seen 5-9 years after the thyroid cancer diagnosis (SIR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.14-1.69), and the SIR was close to unity after ≥ 15 years of follow-up. Previously described elevated risks of subsequent leukemia and breast cancer were not confirmed in this study. Close medical surveillance, thyroid cancer treatment, hereditary factors, and a high frequency of autopsy could all contribute to the elevated risk of a second primary tumor in these patients. ©1990 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Cancer incidence KW - Record-linkage KW - Second primary tumor KW - Thyroid cancer KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer incidence KW - controlled study KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - second cancer KW - thyroid cancer KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasms, Multiple Primary KW - Registries KW - Risk KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Sweden KW - Thyroid Neoplasms PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 2261200 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hall, P.; Department of General Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospitaly, S-104 01, Stockholm, Sweden N1 - References: (1989) Cancer incidence in Sweden, , National Board of Health and Welfare, The Cancer Registry, Stockholm; Franssila, K.O., Prognosis in thyroid carcinoma (1975) Cancer, 36, pp. 1138-1146; Tubiana, M., Schlumberger, M., Rougier, P., Long-term results and prognostic factors in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (1985) Cancer, 55, pp. 794-804; Halnan, K.E., Influence of age and sex on the incidence and prognosis of thyroid cancer (1986) Cancer, 19, pp. 1534-1536; Ron, E., Modan, B., Thyroid (1982) Cancer epidemiology and prevention, pp. 837-854. , D Schottenfeld, J F FraumeniJr eds. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia; Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations (1980) The effects on populations of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation, , Natl Acad Press, Washington, DC; United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (1988) 1988 Report to the General Assembly, with annexes. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation, , United Nations, New York; Ron, E., Curtis, R., Hoffman, D.A., Flannary, J.T., Multiple primary breast and thyroid cancer (1984) Br J Cancer, 49, pp. 87-92; Tucker, M.A., Boice, J.D., Jr., Hoffman, D.A., Second cancer following cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the brain, thyroid, connective tissue, bone, and eye in Connecticut, 1935–82 (1985) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 68, pp. 161-189; Østerlind, A., Olsen, J.H., Lynge, E., Evertz, M., Second cancer following cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the train, thyroid, connective tissue, bone, and eye in Denmark, 1943–80 (1985) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 68, pp. 361-388; Teppo, L., Pukkala, E., Saxén, E., Multiple cancer — an epidemiologic exercise in Finland (1985) JNCI, 75, pp. 207-217; Pochin, E.E., Long term hazards of radioiodine treatment of thyroid carcinoma (1969) Thyroid cancer, 12, pp. 293-304. , Hedinger, C E. ed.UICC Monograph Series Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Brincker, H., Hansen, H.S., Andersen, A.P., Induction of leukaemia by 131I treatment of thyroid carcinoma (1973) Br J Cancer, 28, pp. 232-237; Edmonds, C.J., Smith, T., The long-term hazards of the treatment of thyroid cancer with radioiodine (1986) Br J Radiol, 59, pp. 45-51; Mattsson, B., Wallgren, A., Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register. Non-notified cancer cases recorded on death certificates in 1978 (1984) Acta Radiol Oncol, 23, pp. 305-313; International Classification of Diseases (ICD-7) (1957) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. 7th revision, , World Health Organization, Geneva; McCredie, M., Stewart, J.H., Ford, J.M., Analgesics and tobacco as risk factors for cancer of the ureter and renal pelvis in men (1983) J Urol, 130, pp. 28-30; McCredie, M., Ford, J.M., Stewart, J.H., Risk factors for cancer of the renal parenchyma (1988) Int J Cancer, 42, pp. 13-16; Sipple, J.H., The association of pheochromocytoma with carcinoma of the thyroid gland (1961) Am J Med, 31, pp. 163-166; Adami, H.-O., Bergkvist, L., Krusemo, U., Persson, I., Breast cancer as a risk factor for other primary malignant diseases. A nationwide cohort study (1984) JNCI, 73, pp. 1049-1055 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025695152&doi=10.3109%2f02841869009096381&partnerID=40&md5=eeecaeda4f6b135e4bca9cd7c26cd27f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality and air pollution J London: A time series analysis T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. VL - 131 IS - 1 SP - 185 EP - 194 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115473 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) AU - Schwartz, J. AU - Marcus, A. AD - Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States AD - Batelle Memorial Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States AB - The relation between air pollution and mortality in London was examined for the winters of 1958-1972. The data exhibited a high degree of autocorrelation, requiring analyses using autoregressive models. There was a highly significant relation between mortality and either particulate matter or sulfur dioxide (after controlling for temperature and humidity), both overall and in each individual year. Graphic analysis revealed a nonlinear relation with no threshold, and a steeper exposure-response curve at lower air pollution levels. in models with both pollutants, particulate matter remained a significant predictor with about a 10% reduction in its estimated coefficients, while sulfur dioxide was insignificant, with a large drop in its estimated coefficient The authors conclude that particulates are strongly associated with mortality rates in London, and the relation is likely causal. © 1990 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health. KW - Air pollution KW - Longitudinal studies KW - Mortality KW - sulfur dioxide KW - air pollution KW - article KW - female KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - mortality KW - particulate matter KW - priority journal KW - united kingdom KW - Air Pollution KW - Human KW - Humidity KW - London KW - Models, Statistical KW - Mortality KW - Probability KW - Regression Analysis KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Smoke KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Temperature PB - Oxford University Press N1 - Cited By :329 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJEPA C2 - 2403468 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Schwartz, J.; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy Analysis PM 221, 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460, United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: sulfur dioxide, 7446-09-5; Sulfur Dioxide, 7446-09-5 N1 - References: (1982) Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides, 3. , Research Triangle Park, NC: Environmental Protection Agency, EPA publication no. 600/8-82-029c; Ozkaynak, H., Spengler, J., Garzd, A., Assessment of population health risks resulting from exposure to airborne particles (1986) Aerosols: Research, Nsk Assessment, and Control Strategies, , In; Lee SD, ed, Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers; Martin, A.E., Bradley, W.H., Mortality, fog, and atmospheric pollution: An investigation during the winter of 1958-59 (1960) Monthly Bull Min Health Public Health Lab Serv, 19, pp. 56-72; Mazumdar, S., Schimmel, H., Higgins, I., Relation of daily mortality to air pollution: An analysis of 14 London winters, 1958/59-1971/72 (1982) Arch Environ Health, 37, pp. 213-220; Pnndle, J., Notes made during the London smog in December 1962 (1963) J Air Pollut Control Assoc, 7, pp. 493-496; Shumway, R.H., Tai, R.Y., Tai, L.P., (1983) Statistical Analysis of Daily London Mortality and Associated Weather and Pollution Effects, , Sacramento, CA: California Air Resources Board, Contract no. AX-1M-33; Ostro, B., A search for a threshold in the relationship of air pollution to mortality-a reanalysis of data on London winters (1984) Environ Health Perspect, pp. 397-399; Lawther, P.J., Waller, R.E., Henderson, M., Air pollution exacerbations of bronchitis (1970) Thorax, 25, pp. 525-529; Lee, R.E., Jr., Caldwell, J.S., Morgan, G.B., The evaluation of methods for measuring suspended particulates in air (1972) Atmos Environ, 6, pp. 593-622; Bailey, D., Clayton, P., The measurement of suspended particle and total carbon concentrations in the atmosphere using standard smokeshade methods (1982) Atmos Environ, 16, pp. 2683-2690; Waller, R.E., (1984) Assessing Effects of Suspended Particulate Matter on Health, , European Community Workshop RTVM-BUthoven, European Economic Community; Box, G., Jenkins, G.M., (1976) Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, , Revised ed. San Francisco: Holden-Day, Inc; Kay, A., (1985) Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Cary, , NC: SAS Institute, Inc; Harvey, A.C., Phillips, G., Maximum likelihood estimation of regression models with autoregressive-moving average disturbance (1979) Biometnka, 66, pp. 49-58; Haugh, L.D., Box, G., Identification of dynamic regression (Distributed lag) models connecting two tune series (1977) J am Stat Assoc, 72, pp. 121-130; Akaike, H., Information theory and an extension of the mBTimiim likelihood principle (1973) 2Nd International Symposium on Information Theory, pp. 267-281. , Petrov BM, Csaki F, eds., Budapest: Akademiki Kiado; Berkey, C.S., Laird, N.M., Nonlinear growth curve analysis: Estimating the population parameters (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 111-128 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025189652&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.aje.a115473&partnerID=40&md5=e8cd2caf5288f21dff3a3df5115e39b7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Health problems in children with Down's syndrome T2 - Child: Care, Health and Development J2 - Child Care Health Dev. VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 83 EP - 97 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1990.tb00641.x SN - 03051862 (ISSN) AU - TURNER, S. AU - SLOPER, P. AU - CUNNINGHAM, C. AU - KNUSSEN, C. AD - Hester Adrian Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom AD - Department of Mental Handicap, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom AD - HCl Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom AB - Summary The health problems of 117 children with Down's syndrome were identified through a questionnaire to their mothers, as part of a wider study of the process of adaptation among families in the Manchester Down's Syndrome Cohort. At the time of the present study, the children were all of school age: mean age 9 years 2 months, range 6 to 14 years. Results from the current study are compared with that from earlier studies involving these children. Vision and hearing problems and respiratory infections were identified as the most common health problems, affecting a large percentage of the children. While a high proportion had been hospitalized and had undergone operations, the proportion of children who had missed more than 4 weeks of schooling in the previous 12 months was not high compared to the general child population. Equally, the numbers who had suffered accidents did not appear unduly high. Poor child health was found to be associated with a higher level of behaviour problems and increasing maternal stress over time. The need for health screening to continue during this period of childhood is identified. Copyright © 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - adolescent KW - article KW - behavior disorder KW - down syndrome KW - health KW - health care KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - psychological aspect KW - school child KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Down Syndrome KW - England KW - Health Status KW - Hearing Disorders KW - Heart Defects, Congenital KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Referral and Consultation KW - Respiratory Tract Infections KW - Skin Diseases KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Vision Disorders N1 - Cited By :48 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2139819 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: TURNER, S.; Hester Adrian Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom N1 - References: Albin, J.R., Immunity in Down's syndrome (1978) European Journal of Paediatrics, 27, pp. 149-152; Aumonier, M., Cunningham, CC., Health and medical problems in infants with Down's syndrome (1984) Health Visitor, 57, pp. 137-140; Buckley, S., Sacks, B., (1987) The Adolescent with Down's Syndrome, , Portsmouth Down's Syndrome Trust, Portsmouth; Butler, N., Gill, R., Pomeroy, D., Fewtrell, J., (1978) Handicapped Children — Their Home and Life Styles, , Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol; Byrne, E.A., Cunningham, CC., Sloper, P., (1988) Families and Their Children with Down's Syndrome: One Feature in Common, , Routledge, London; Carr, J., Six weeks to twenty one years old: a longitudinal study of children with Down's syndrome and their families (1988) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29 (4), pp. 407-431; Cunningham, C.C., (1983) Early Development and its Facilitation in Infants with Down's Syndrome: Final Report to DHSS, , Department of Health and Social Security, London; Cunningham, C.C., Early intervention: some findings from the Manchester cohort of children with Down's syndrome (1986) Portage: More than a Teaching Programme, , eds, M. Bishop, M. Copley, J. Parker, NFER‐Nelson, London; Cunningham, C.C., (1987) Down's Syndrome: An Introduction for Parents, , Souvenir Press, London; Cunningham, C.C., McArthur, K., Hearing loss and treatment in young Down's syndrome children (1982) Child: care, health and development, 7, pp. 357-374; Cunningham, C.C., Sloper, P., Rangecroft, A., Knussen, C, (1986) The Effects of Early Intervention on the Occurrence and Nature of Behaviour Problems in Children with Down's Syndrome. Final Report to DHSS, , Department of Health and Social Security, London; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, M., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman, London; Douglas, J.W.B., Early hospital admissions and later disturbances of behaviour and learning (1975) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 17, pp. 456-480; Gibbs, M.V., (1984), The applicability of temperament scales to a British sample of nonhandicapped and Down's syndrome children. Unpublished PhD thesis., University of Manchester, Manchester; Hann, H.L., Deakon, J.C., London, W.T., Lymphocyte surface markers and serum immunoglobins in persons with Down's syndrome (1979) American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 84, pp. 245-251; Hart, H., Bax, M., Jenkins, S., Health and behaviour in pre‐school children (1984) Child: care, health and development, 10, pp. 1-16; Haslam, M., Length of preschool hospitalization, multiple admissions and later educational attainment and behaviour (1988) Child: care, health and development, 14 (4), pp. 275-292; Kellmer‐Pringle, M., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., (1966) 11,000 Eleven Year Olds: First Report of the National Child Development Study, , Longman, London; Ludlow, J.R., Allen, L.M., The effect of early intervention and pre‐school stimulus on the development of the Down's syndrome child (1979) Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 23, pp. 29-45; Peckham, C., The National Study of Child Development: some preliminary findings (1973) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 66, pp. 701-703; Pueschel, S.M., Health concerns in persons with Down's syndrome (1987) New Perspectives in Down's Syndrome, , eds, S. Pueschel, C. Tingey, J. Rynders, A. Crocker, D. Coutcher, Brookes, Baltimore; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London; Shepperdson, B., (1988) Growing up with Downs Syndrome, , Cassell, London; Sloper, P., Cunningham, C.C., Knussen, C., Turner, S., (1988) A Study of the Process of Adaptation in a Cohort of Children with Down's Syndrome and Their Families. Final report to DHSS, , Department of Health and Social Security, London; Smith, G.F., Berg, J.M., (1976) Down's Anomaly, , 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Stewart‐Brown, S., Visual defects in school children — screening policy and educational implications (1987) Progress in Child Health, 3. , J. A. Macfarlane, Churchill Livingstone, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025220646&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2214.1990.tb00641.x&partnerID=40&md5=73ae2e4004495fb672f21f7c5a6097dc ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resilient children: A longitudinal study of high achieving socially disadvantaged children T2 - Early Child Development and Care J2 - Early Child Dev. Care VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 47 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1080/0300443900620103 SN - 03004430 (ISSN) AU - Osborn, A.F. AD - University of Bristol, School of Education, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BSC 1JA, United Kingdom AB - Current interest in “resilient” children — those who are vulnerable to psychopathology yet achieve competence — prompted a study of such children using data from the 1970 British birth cohort. The conceptual framework used to define a sample of “resilient” children within the cohort is described, and results from analyses designed to identify contextual, parenting and experiential factors which substantially increased the chance of resilience in vulnerable children are presented. Vulnerability was defined in terms of the family's socio-economic status when the child was 5, and a Competency Index, based on cognitive/ educational attainment and behavioural adjustment at 10 years, determined which of the vulnerable group were “resilient”. The main finding was that having positive, supportive and interested parents was a major factor which enabled socially vulnerable children to achieve competence. Maternal depression — a condition to which low SES mothers were at high risk — substantiallly reduced the chance of resilience. © 1990, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. KW - cohort study KW - competence. lonaitudinal KW - Resilient children KW - social disadvantaae N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Osborn, A.F.; University of Bristol, School of Education, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BSC 1JA, United Kingdom N1 - References: Anthony, E.J., Cohler, B.J., (1987) The Invulnerable Child, , New York: The Guilford Press; Brown, G.W., Harris, T., (1978) Social Origins of Depression. A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , London: Tavistock Publications; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Howlett, B.C., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study: First Report to the Department of Education and Science on the 10-year follow-up, , University of Bristol, Department of Child Health; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., Constancy and change in the growth of human characteristics (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 191-210; Coddington, R.D., The significance of life events as etiologic factors in the diseases of children: I. A survey of professional workers (1972) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 16, pp. 7-18; Connors, C.K., A teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children (1969) American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, pp. 884-888; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: A report of the National Child Development Study, , London: Longman; Dunn, J., Kendrick, C., The arrival of a sibling: changes in patterns of interaction between mother and first-born child (1980) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 21, pp. 119-132; Elliott, C.D., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1979) British Ability Scales Manual 3: Directions for Administration and Scoring, , Windsor: NFER; Elliott, C.D., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1979) British Ability Scales Manual 4: Tables of Abilities and Norms, , Windsor: NFER; Essen, J., Wedge, P., (1982) Continuities in Childhood Disadvantage, , London: Heinemann Educational Books. van der Eyken, W. (1982). Home Start: A Four-year Evaluation. Leicester: Home-Start Consultancy; Fergusson, D.M., Dimond, M.E., Horwood, L.J., Childhood family placement history and behaviour problems in 6-year-old children (1986) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, pp. 213-226; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., The trait and method components of ratings of conduct disorder — Part 1. Maternal and teacher evaluation of conduct disorder in young children (1987) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 28, pp. 249-260; Garmezy, N., Broadening research on developmental risk (1985) Early Identification of Children at Risk: an International Perspective, pp. 45-58. , in Frankenburg, W.K., Emde, R.N. & Sullivan, J.W. (eds.). New York: Plenum Press; Garmezy, N., Stress-resistant children: the search for protective factors (1985) Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology, pp. 213-233. , in Stevenson, J.E. (ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press; Garmezy, N., Masten, A.S., Tellegen, A., The study of stress and competence in children: a building block for developmental psychopathology (1984) Child Development, 55, pp. 97-111; Garmezy, N., Tellegen, A., Studies of stress-resistant children: methods, variables, and preliminary findings (1984) Advances in Applied Developmental Psychology, 1, pp. 231-287. , in Morrison, F., Lord, C. & Keating, D. (eds.) New York: Academic Press; (1977) Manual of Instructions for the Edinburgh Reading Test Stage 4 Sevenoaks, , Hodder & Stoughton Educational; (1980) Manual of Instructions for the Edinburgh Reading Test Stage 2, , (second edition). Sevenoaks: Hodder & Stoughton Educational; Kruk, S., Wokind, S., A longitudinal study of single mothers and their children (1983) Families at Risk, , in Madge, N. (ed.) London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd; Masten, A.S., Garmezy, N., Tellegen, A., Pellegrini, D.S., Larkin, K., Larsen, A., Competence and stress in school children: the moderating effects of individual and family qualities (1988) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, pp. 745-764; Mills, M., Puckering, C., Pound, A., Cox, A., What is it about depressed mothers that influences their children's functioning? (1985) Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology, pp. 11-17. , in Stevenson, J.E. (ed.) Oxford:Pergamon Press; Osborn, A.F., Assessing the socio-economic status of families (1987) Sociology, 21, pp. 429-448; Osborn, A.F., Family history and child behaviour— the problems and value of studying the effects of change (1986) Proceedings of the International Conference on Longitudinal Methodology, , in press. in Mednick, S. & Horvath, I. (eds.) Budapest.; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds: A Report of the Child Health and Education Study, , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Osborn, A.F., Milbank, J.E., (1987) The Effects of Early Education, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Parker, R.A., (1980) Caring for Separated Children: Plans, Procedures and Priorities, , London: Macmillan Press; Pound, A., Cox, A., Puckering, C., Mills, M., The impact of maternal depression on young children (1985) Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology, pp. 3-10. , in Stevenson, J.E. (ed.) Oxford: Pergamon Press; Quinton, D., Rutter, M., Liddle, C., Institutional rearing, parenting difficulties, and marital support (1984) Psychological Medicine, 14, pp. 102-124; Richman, N., Depression in mothers of young children (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; Rutter, M., Protective factors in children's response to stress and disadvantage (1979) Primary Prevention of Psychopathology, 3, pp. 49-74. , in Kent, M.W. & Rolf, J.E. (eds.) Social Competence in Children. Hanover, New Hampshire: Univ. Press of New England; Rutter, M., Stress, coping and development: some issues and some questions (1981) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, pp. 323-356; Rutter, M., Family and school influences on behavioural development (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 349-368; Rutter, M., Family and school influences on cognitive development (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 683-704; Rutter, M., Resilience in the face of adversity: protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder (1985) British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, pp. 598-611; Rutter, M., Quinton, D., Liddle, G., Parenting in two generations: looking backwards and looking forwards (1983) Families at Risk, pp. 60-98. , in Madge, N. (ed.) London: Heineman Educational; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; Sameroff, A.J., Chandler, M.J., Reproductive risk and the continuum of caretaking casualty (1975) Review of Child Development Research, 4, pp. 187-244. , in Horowitz, F.D., Hetherington, M., Scarr-Salapatek, S. & Siegel, G. (eds.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press; St. Claire, L., Osborn, A.F., The ability and behaviour of children who have been “in care” or separated from their parents (1987), Report for the Economic and Social Research Council Early Child Development and Care, 28, No. 3, monograph; Wadsworth, J., Taylor, B., Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Teenage mothering: child development at five years (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 305-313; Watt, N.F., Anthony, E.J., Wynne, L.C., Rolf, J., (1984) Children at Risk for Schizophrenia: a Longitudinal Perspective, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Wedge, P., Some structural factors in social disadvantage: findings from a longitudinal study of children (1983) The Structure of Disadvantage, pp. 192-207. , in Brown, M. (ed.). London: Heinemann. 192–207; Wedge, P., Prosser, H., (1973) Born to Fail?, , London: Arrow Books; Werner, E.E., Stress and protective factors in children's lives (1985) Longitudinal Studies in Child Psychology and Psychiatry, pp. 335-355. , in Nicol, A.R. (ed.) New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1982) Vulnerable but Invincible: A Longitudinal Study of resilient children and youth, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Wolkind, S., The first years: pre-school children and their families in the inner city (1985) Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology, pp. 203-212. , in Stevenson, J.E. (ed.). Oxford: Pergamon; Worland, J., Weeks, D.G., Janes, C.L., Predicting mental health in children at risk (1987) The Invulnerable Child, pp. 185-210. , in Anthony, E.J. & Cohler, B.J. (eds.) New York: The Guilford Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0002657453&doi=10.1080%2f0300443900620103&partnerID=40&md5=f3305dbb4765b9f530ace520399c7b69 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social class and health in youth: Findings from the west of Scotland twenty-07 study T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 665 EP - 673 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90252-3 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - West, P. AU - Macintyre, S. AU - Annandale, E. AU - Hunt, K. AD - MRC Medical Sociology Unit, 6 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom AB - The assumption that social class inequalities in health are a persistent feature of the life-course has been questioned in a recent issue of this journal. On the evidence of mortality and chronic illness, the pattern in youth in Britain appears to be characterised by the lack of class differentials, a striking contrast to early adulthood where the familiar picture of health inequalities is observed. The possibility that this finding of relative equality in youth is a consequence of the limited, and potentially inappropriate, health indicators used has now been tested on a cohort of 15-year-olds in the West of Scotland. On a range of indicators, from subjective assessments to objective physical measures, very little evidence of class variation in health is found. The possible transience of the youth pattern is, however, indicated by findings from a cohort of 35-year-olds in the same study, among whom marked class gradients in health are apparent. Possible explanations for the transformation of a pattern of relative class equality in youth into one of inequalities in adulthood are discussed. © 1990. KW - health inequalities KW - youth and health KW - accident KW - adolescent KW - article KW - body height KW - chronic disease KW - female KW - health status KW - human KW - male KW - psychological aspect KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - wellbeing KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Body Height KW - Chronic Disease KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Human KW - Male KW - Mental Health KW - Scotland KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - health inequality KW - mortality KW - social class inequality KW - youth population KW - UK, Scotland N1 - Cited By :103 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 2315736 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: West, P.; MRC Medical Sociology Unit, 6 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom N1 - References: Townsend, Davidson, (1982) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report, , Harmondsworth, Penguin; Hart, Inequalities in health the individual versus the environment (1986) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 149, p. 228; Macintyre, The patterning of health by social position in contemporary Britain: directions for sociological research (1986) Soc. Sci. Med., 23, p. 393; Whitehead, (1987) The Health Divide: Inequalities in Health in the 1980's, , The Health Education Authority, London; Carr-Hill, The inequalities in health debate: a critical review of the issues (1987) J. Soc. Policy, 16, p. 509; Marmot, McDowall, Mortality decline and widening social inequalities (1986) Lancet, 2, p. 274; Fox, Goldblatt, (1982) Socio-demographic Mortality Differentials: Longitudinal Study 1971–1975, , HMSO, London, Series LS No. 1; Fox, Goldblatt, Jones, Social class mortality differentials: artefact, selection, or life circumstances? (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, p. 34. , R.G. Wilkinson, Tavistock, London; Marmot, Social inequalities in mortality: the social environment (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, p. 21. , R.G. Wilkinson, Tavistock, London; Bloor, Samphier, Prior, Artefact explanations of inequalities in health: an assessment of the evidence (1987) Sociol. Hlth Illness, 9, p. 231; Stern, Social mobility and the interpretation of social class mortality differentials (1983) J. Soc. Pol., 12, p. 27; Illsley, Occupational class, selection and the production of inequalities in health (1986) Q.J. Soc. Affairs, 2, p. 151; Illsley, Occupational class, selection and inequalities in health: rejoinder to Richard Wilkinson's reply (1987) Q.J. Soc. Affairs, 3, p. 213; Wilkinson, (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, , Tavistock, London; Hart, Class, health and survival: the gap widens (1987) Rad. Commun. Med., p. 10. , Spring; Department of Health and Social Security, (1976) Prevention and Health: Everybody's Business: A Reassessment of Public and Personal Health, , HMSO, London; Illsley, Social class selection and class differences in relation to stilbirth and infant deaths (1955) BMJ, 253, p. 1520; Cox, Blaxter, Buckle, (1987) The Health and Lifestyle Survey, , Health Promotion Research Trust, London; Lundberg, Class and health: comparing Britain and Sweden (1986) Soc. Sci. Med., 23, p. 511; West, Inequalities? Social class differentials in health in British youth (1988) Soc. Sci. Med., 27, p. 291; Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, (1982) General Household Survey 1980, , HMSO, London; Blaxter, Self definition of health status and consulting rates in primary care (1985) Q. J. Soc. Affairs, 1, p. 131; Fogelman, (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Study, , Macmillan, London; Ross, Peckham, West, Butler, Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br. med. J., 1, p. 207; Wadsworth, Serious illness in childhood and its association with later life achievement (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, p. 50. , R.G. Wilkinson, Tavistock, London; Macintyre, Social correlates of human height (1988) Sci. Prog. Oxf., 72, p. 493; Knight, (1984) The Heights and Weights of Adults in Great Britain, , HMSO, London; Macintyre, Annandale, Ecob, Ford, Hunt, Jamieson, Maciver, Wyke, The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Health in the Community (1989) Readings for a New Public Health, p. 56. , C. Martin, D.J. MacQueen, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh; Macintyre, West of Scotland Twenty-07: Health in the Community: The Survey's Background and Rationale (1987) MRC Medical Sociology Unit, , 2nd edn., Working Paper No. 7; West, West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: The Study of Youth and Health (1986) MRC Medical Sociology Unit, , 2nd edn., Working Paper No. 2; Maciver, Macintyre, West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Selection of the Study Localities and region (1987) MRC Medical Sociology Unit, , 2nd edn., Working Paper No. 4; Maciver, West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Socio-demographic and mortality Profiles of the Study Areas (1988) MRC Medical Sociology Unit, , 2nd edn., Working Paper No. 10; Ecob, West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: The Sampling Scheme, Frame and Procedures for the Cohort Studies (1987) MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No. 6; Black, Instead of the 1986 Census the potential contribution of enhanced registers (1985) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 148, p. 287; Annandale, Hunt, West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Distributions of Basic Information from the First Sweep of Data Collection on the 35 year old Cohort (1987) (1989) MRC Medical Sociology Working Paper No. 13; Macintyre, West, Inequalities in youth: some issues of the measurement of health and class (1989) Paper presented at British—Swedish Medical Sociology Conference, , Stockholm; Goldberg, (1978) Manual of the General Health Questionnaire, , NFER-Nelson, Windsor; Banks, Validation of the General Health Questionnaire in a young community sample (1983) Psychol. Med., 13, p. 349; Banks M. H. Personal communication; Knudson, Slatin, Lebowitz, Burrows, The maximal expiratory flow-volume curve (1976) Am. Rev. Resp. Dis., 113, p. 587; Armitage, Berry, (1987) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, , 2nd edn., Blackwell, Oxford; Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, (1986) Occupational Mortality 1979–80, 1982–83: Decennial Supplement, , HMSO, London; Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, (1988) Occupational Mortality 1979–80, 1982–83: Childhood Supplement, , HMSO, London; West, Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities (1989) Paper presented at British-Swedish Medical Sociology Conference, , Stockholm; Barker, Osmond, Inequalities in health in Britain: specific explanations in three Lancashire towns (1987) Br. med. J., 294, p. 749; Barker, Osmond, Law, The intrauterine and early postnatal origins of cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis (1989) J. Epidem. Commun. Hlth, 43, p. 237; Kierman, Colley, Douglas, Reid, Chronic cough in young adults in relation to smoking habits, childhood environment and chest illness (1976) Respiration, 33, p. 236 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025197799&doi=10.1016%2f0277-9536%2888%2990252-3&partnerID=40&md5=42a9a76e6e03f6e1c235dc027f0ac49f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behaviour and Personality in Childhood as Predictors of Adult Psychiatric Disorder T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 393 EP - 414 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01577.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Rodgers, B. AD - Mrc National Survey of Health and Development, University College,London, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Department of Community Medicine, 66-72 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6EA, United Kingdom AB - Abstract Associations between childhood behaviour and personality and adult affective disorder were investigated in a 36‐year follow‐up of a national birth cohort. A number of early characteristics were significantly related to adult outcome including enuresis, nail‐biting, speech problems, truancy and composite indices of behaviour and personality. Continuity was not explained by factors acting independently on child and adult measures. Prediction of adult disorder, although better for women, was modest in both sexes and sensitivity and specificity would not justify widespread intervention. However, childhood measures should prove valuable in investigating chains of influence on adult disorder, occurring throughout individuals′ life histories. Copyright © 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - affective disorders KW - Child behaviour KW - longitudinal study KW - personality KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - adult disease KW - affective neurosis KW - article KW - child KW - child behavior KW - female KW - follow up KW - male KW - personality KW - prediction KW - prognosis KW - psychological aspect KW - sex difference KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child Behavior KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mood Disorders KW - Personality KW - Prognosis KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :70 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2318921 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rodgers, B.; Mrc National Survey of Health and Development, University College, London and the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Department of Community Medicine, 66-72 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6EA, United Kingdom N1 - References: Abe, K., Phobias and nervous symptoms in childhood and maturity: persistence and associations (1972) British Journal of Psychiatry, 118, pp. 275-283; Andrews, G., Harris, M., (1964) The syndrome of stuttering. Clinics in developmental medicine, , No. 17. London:, Heinemann Medical Books; Atkins, E., Cherry, N., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth cohort: an account of the origins, progress, and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Prospective longitudinal research: An empirical basis for the primary prevention of psychosocial disorders, pp. 25-30. , S. A. Mednick, A. E. Baert, (Eds),. London, Oxford University Press; Block, J., (1971) Lives through time, , Berkeley:, Bancroft Books; Blomfield, J.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Bedwetting: prevalence among children aged 4–7 years (1956) Lancet, 1, pp. 850-852; Brown, G., Harris, T., Bifulco, A., Long‐term effect of early loss of parent (1986) Depression in childhood: Developmental perspectives, pp. 251-296. , M. Rutter, C. Izard, P. Read, (Eds),. New York, Guilford Press; Cherry, N., Persistent job changing—is it a problem? (1976) Journal of Occupational Psychology, 49, pp. 203-221; Chess, S., Thomas, A., Birch, H., Distortions in developmental reporting made by parents of behaviorally disturbed children (1966) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 5, pp. 226-234; Coppen, A., Metcalfe, M., Effect of a depressive illness on M.P.I, scores (1965) British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, pp. 236-239; Cytryn, L., McKnew, D.H., Proposed classification of childhood depression (1972) American Journal of Psychiatry, 129, pp. 149-155; Cunningham, J.M., Westerman, H.H., Fischhoff, J., A follow‐up study of patients seen in a psychiatric clinic for children (1956) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 26, pp. 602-611; Douglas, J.W.B., Broken families and child behaviour (1970) Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 4, pp. 203-210; Douglas, J.W.B., Early disturbing events and later enuresis (1973) Bladder control and enuresis, pp. 109-117. , I. Kolvin, R. C. MacKeith, S. R. Meadow, (Eds),. London, Spastics International Medical Publishers; Douglas, J.W.B., Early hospital admissions and later disturbances of behaviour and learning (1975) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 17, pp. 456-480; Eysenck, H.J., (1957) The dynamics of anxiety and hysteria, , New York:, Praeger; Eysenck, H.J., A short questionnaire for the measurement of two dimensions of personality (1958) Journal of Applied Psychology, 43, pp. 14-17; Goldberg, D.P., Bridges, K., Duncan‐Jones, P., Grayson, D., Dimensions of neurosis seen in primary‐care settings (1987) Psychological Medicine, 17, pp. 461-470; Gray, J.A., A critique of Eysenck's theory of personality (1981) A model for personality, pp. 246-276. , H. J. Eysenck,. Berlin, Springer; Henderson, S., Duncan‐Jones, P., Byrne, D.G., Scott, R., Adcock, S., Psychiatric disorder in Canberra (1979) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 60, pp. 355-374; Hibbett, A., (1987) Early adult outcomes of truancy. National Child Development Study Working Paper, , No. 24. London:, City University; Ingham, J.G., Changes in M.P.I, scores in neurotic patients: a three year follow‐up (1966) British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, pp. 931-939; Kagan, J., Perspectives on continuity (1980) Constancy and change in human development, pp. 26-74. , O. G. Brim, J. Kagan, (Eds),. Cambridge, Harvard University Press; Kandel, D.B., Davies, M., Adult sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms (1986) Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, pp. 255-262; Katz, R., McGuffin, P., Neuroticism in familial depression (1987) Psychological Medicine, 17, pp. 155-161; Kendall, R.E., DiScipio, W.J., Eysenck Personality Inventory scores of patients with depressive illnesses (1968) British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, pp. 767-770; Kiernan, K.E., Teenage marriage and marital breakdown: a longitudinal study (1986) Population Studies, 40, pp. 35-54; Kupfer, D.J., Detre, T.P., Koral, J., Relationship of certain childhood ‘traits’ to adult psychiatric disorders (1975) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 45, pp. 74-80; Lapouse, R., The epidemiology of behaviour disorders in children (1966) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 111, pp. 594-599; Livson, N., Peskin, H., Prediction of adult psychological health in a longitudinal study (1967) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72, pp. 509-518; Macfarlane, J.W., Allen, L., Honzik, M.P., (1954) A developmental study of the behavior problems of normal children between twenty‐one months and fourteen years, , Berkeley:, University of California Press; Mednick, S.A., Griffiths, J.J., Mednick, B.R., Problems with traditional strategies in mental health research (1981) Longitudinal research: Methods and uses in behavioral science, pp. 3-15. , F. Shulsinger, S. A. Mednick, J. Knop, (Eds),. Boston, Martinus Nijhoff; Mednick, S.A., McNeil, T.F., Current methodology in research on the etiology of schizophrenia: serious difficulties which suggest the use of the high‐risk group method (1968) Psychological Bulletin, 70, pp. 681-693; Mellsop, G.W., Psychiatric patients seen as children and adults: childhood predictors of adult illness (1972) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13, pp. 689-702; Morris, D.P., Soroker, E., Burruss, G., Follow‐up studies of shy, withdrawn children—I. Evaluation of later adjustment (1954) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54, pp. 743-754; O'Neal, P., Robins, L.N., The relation of childhood behavior problems to adult psychiatric status: a 30‐year follow‐up study of 150 subjects (1958) American Journal of Psychiatry, 114, pp. 961-969; Pearson, J.S., Kley, I.B., On the application of genetic expectancies as age‐specific base rates in the study of human bahavior disorders (1957) Psychological Bulletin, 54, pp. 406-420; Pintner, R., Forlano, G., Four retests of a personality inventory (1938) Journal of Educational Psychology, 29, pp. 93-100; Pintner, R., Loftus, J.J., Forlano, G., Alster, B., (1937) Aspects of personality inventory: Test and manual, , Yonkers:, World Book Co; Power, M.J., Cognitive theories of depression (1987) Theoretical foundations of behavior therapy, pp. 235-255. , H. J. Eysenck, I. Martin, (Eds),. New York, Plenum Press; Pritchard, M., Graham, P., An investigation of a group of patients who have attended both the child and adult departments of the same psychiatric hospital (1966) British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, pp. 603-612; Robins, L.N., (1966) Deviant children grown up, , Baltimore:, Williams & Wilkins; Robins, L.N., Follow‐up studies investigating childhood disorders (1970) Psychiatric epidemiology, pp. 29-68. , E. H. Hare, J. K. Wing, (Eds),. London, Oxford University Press; Robins, L.N., Follow‐up studies (1979) Psychopathological disorders of childhood, pp. 483-513. , H. C. Quay, J. S. Werry, (Eds), 2nd edn,. New York, John Wiley; Robins, L.N., The consequences of conduct disorder in girls (1986) Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues, pp. 385-414. , D. Olweus, J. Block, M. Radke‐Yarrow, (Eds),. Orlando, Academic Press; Robins, L.N., Ratcliff, K.S., The long‐term outcome of truancy (1980) Out of school, pp. 65-83. , L. Hersov, I. Berg, (Eds),. Chichester, John Wiley; Rodgers, B., (1978), The prediction of occupational adjustment for boys leaving ESN(M) schools. M.Sc. dissertation, University of London Institute of Education; Rodgers, B., The prospects for ESN(M) school leavers (1979) Special Education, 6, pp. 8-9; Rodgers, B., Change in the reading attainment of adults: a longitudinal study (1986) British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, pp. 1-17; Rodgers, B., (forthcoming a). Adult affective disorder and early environment. Submitted for publication; Rodgers, B., Influences of early‐life and recent factors on affective disorder in women: an exploration of vulnerability models Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood, , (forthcoming b)., L. N. Robins, M. Rutter, (Eds),. New York:, Cambridge University Press; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.A., The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: a national population survey (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; Rowntree, G., Early childhood in broken families (1955) Population Studies, 8, pp. 247-263; Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by parents (1970) Education, health and behaviour, pp. 412-421. , M. Rutter, J. Tizard, K. Whitmore, (Eds),. London, Longman; Rutter, M., Relationships between child and adult psychiatric disorders (1972) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 48, pp. 3-21; Rutter, M., The developmental psychopathology of depression: issues and perspectives (1984) Depression in young people: Developmental and clinical perspecitves, pp. 3-30. , M. Rutter, C. E. Izard, P. B. Read, (Eds),. New York, Guilford Press; Rutter, M., Garmezy, N., Developmental psychopathology (1983) Socialization, personality, and social development, 4, pp. 775-911. , E. M. Hetherington, Handbook of child psychology (pp.). New York, Wiley; Rutter, M., Hemming, M., Individual items of deviant behaviour: their prevalence and clinical significance (1970) Education, health and behaviour, pp. 202-231. , M. Rutter, J. Tizard, K. Whitmore, (Eds),. London, Longman; Shepherd, M., Oppenheim, B., Mitchell, S., (1971) Childhood behaviour and mental health, , London:, University of London Press; Teasdale, J., Negative thinking in depression: cause, effect, or reciprocal relationship? (1983) Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5, pp. 3-25; Tyrer, P., Tyrer, S., School refusal, truancy, and adult neurotic illness (1974) Psychological Medicine, 4, pp. 416-421; Van Riper, C., (1971) The nature of stuttering, , Engelwood Cliffs:, Prentice Hall; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Follow‐up of the first national birth cohort: findings from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (1987) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 1, pp. 95-117; Warren, W., A study of adolescent psychiatric in‐patients and the outcome six or more years later—II. The follow‐up study (1965) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 6, pp. 141-160; Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states (1984) Psychological Bulletin, 96, pp. 465-490; Watt, N.F., In a nutshell: the first two decades of high‐risk research in schizophrenia (1984) Children at risk of schizophrenia: A longitudinal perspective, pp. 572-595. , N. F. Watt, E. J. Anthony, L. C. Wynne, J. E. Rolf, (Eds),. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974) Present state examination, , London:, Cambridge University Press; Wing, J.K., Sturt, E., (1978) The PSE‐ID‐CATEGO system: Supplementary manual, , London:, Institute of Psychiatry (mimeo); Wohlwill, J.F., Cognitive development in childhood (1980) Constancy and change in human development, pp. 359-444. , O. G. Brim, J. Kagan, (Eds),. Cambridge, Harvard University Press; Yarrow, M.R., Campbell, J.D., Burton, R.V., Recollections of childhood: a study of the retrospective method (1970) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 35 (5); Zeitlin, H., The natural history of psychiatric disorder in children (1986) Institute of Psychiatry Maudsley Monograph, , No. 29. Oxford:, Oxford University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025299749&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.1990.tb01577.x&partnerID=40&md5=d52493208e8e755c75164843dd40ebf7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carcinoma of the hypopharynx a retrospective analysis of the treatment results Over a 25-year period T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 29 IS - 7 SP - 903 EP - 907 PY - 1990 DO - 10.3109/02841869009096387 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Kajanti, M. AU - Mauntylau, M. AD - Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland AB - One hundred and sixty-two patients treated for hypopharyngeal cancer during the 25-year period 1958-1982 were reviewed retrospectively. of the 162 patients, 29 received combined treatment with surgery and postoperative irradiation, 106 received radical radiotherapy alone, and 27 palliative radiotherapy. The 5-year survival rate was 28% for the patients treated with combined therapy and 16% for the patients treated with radical radiotherapy. There were no long-term survivors in the palliatively treated group. The major cause of death was tumour (102 patients) while 40 patients died of intercurrent diseases. ©1990 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Hypopharyngeal cancer KW - Radiation therapy KW - Surgery KW - Treatment results KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer radiotherapy KW - cancer surgery KW - female KW - human KW - hypopharynx carcinoma KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - priority journal KW - survival KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local KW - Radiotherapy KW - Radiotherapy Dosage KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Survival Rate PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 2261206 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kajanti, M.; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, SF-00290, Helsinki, Finland N1 - References: Spiessl, O., Scheibe, O., Wagner, O., TNM-Atlas (1982) Illustrated guide to the classification of malignant tumors, pp. 22-26. , UICC (International Union Against Cancer) Springer-Verlag, New York; Holsti, L.R., Mäntylä, M., Split-course versus continuous radiotherapy. Analysis of randomized trail from 1964 to 1967 (1988) Acta Oncol, 27, pp. 153-161; Holsti, L.R., Split-course radiotherapy of cancer (1967) Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol, 6, pp. 313-322; Kaplan, E.L., Meier, P., Non-parametric estimation from incomplete observation (1958) J Am Stat Assoc, 53, pp. 457-481; Peto, R., Pike, M.C., Armitage, P., Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patients: II Analyses and examples (1977) Br J Cancer, 35, pp. 1-39; Mustakallio, S., Über das Larynx- und Hypopharynxkarzinom, ihre Röntgenbehandlung und die Ergebnisse der therapie (1944) Acta Radiol, 25, pp. 13-32; Jacobsson, F., Carcinoma of the hypopharynx. A clinical study of 322 cases, treated at Radiumhemmet from 1939–1947 (1951) Acta Radiol, 35, pp. 1-21; Kirchner, J.A., Pyriform sinus cancer: A clinical and Laboratory study (1975) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 84, pp. 793-803; Ahmad, K., Fayos, J.V., Role of radiation therapy in carcinoma of the hypopharynx (1984) Acta Radiol Oncol, 23, pp. 21-26; Keane, T.J., Hawkins, N.V., Beale, F.A., Carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Results of primary radical radiation therapy (1983) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 9, pp. 659-664; Briant, T.D.R., Bryce, D.P., Smith, T.J., Carcinoma of the hypopharynx—a five-year follow-up (1977) J Otolaryngol, 6, pp. 353-362; Inoue, T., Shigematsu, Y., Sato, T., Treatment of carcinoma of the hypopharynx (1973) Cancer, 31, pp. 649-655; MacComb, W.S., Fletcher, G.H., Hypopharynx and cervical esophagus (1967) Cancer of the head and neck, pp. 213-240. , MacComb, G H. Fletcher, W S. eds. Williams and Wilkins Co, Baltimore; Arriagada, R., Eschewege, F., Combination of radiotherapy and surgery in the treatment of head and neck cancer (1975) Cancer Treat Rev, 2, pp. 177-192. , Cachin, F. Eschewege, Y. eds.Personal communication; Wang, C.C., Role of radiotherapy (1986) Head and neck oncology, pp. 103-108. , Bloom, I WF Hanham, H J. Shaw, H JG. eds. Raven Press, New York; Million, R., Cassisi, N., Radical irradiation for carcinomas of the pyriform sinus (1981) Laryngoscope, 91, pp. 439-450; Majiejewski, B., Preuss-Bayer, G., Trott, K.-R., The influence of the number of fractions and of overall treatment time on local control and late complication rate in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (1983) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 9, pp. 321-328; Maciejewski, B., Withers, R., Taylor, J., Hliniak, A., Dose fractionation and regeneration in radiotherapy for cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx: tumor dose-response and repopulation (1989) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 16, pp. 831-843; Van der Bogaert, W., van der Schueren, E., Horiot, J.-C., The feasibility of high-dose multiple daily fractionation and its combination with anoxic cell sensitizers in the treatment of head and neck cancer (1982) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 8, pp. 1649-1655; Parsons, J., Cassisi, N., Million, R., Results of twice-a-day irradiation of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (1984) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 10, pp. 2041-2051; Kish, J., Drelichmann, A., Jacobs, J., Clinical trial of cisplatin and 5-FU infusion as initial treatment for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (1982) Cancer Treat Rep, 66, pp. 471-474; Kish, J., Ensley, J., Jacobs, J., A randomized trial of cisplatin (CACP)+5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion and CACP+5-FU bolus for recurrent and advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (1985) Cancer, 56, pp. 2740-2744 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025607923&doi=10.3109%2f02841869009096387&partnerID=40&md5=916980c768f4b4d72328e1ad7ec8cb5f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Malignant disease after radiation treatment of benign gynaecological disorders: A study of a cohort of metropathia patients T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 563 EP - 567 PY - 1990 DO - 10.3109/02841869009090051 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Ryberg, M. AU - Lundell, M. AU - Nilsson, B. AU - Pettersson, F. AD - Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Cancer Epidemiology, Radiumhemmet, The Department of Hospital Physics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AB - One hundred and seven cases of malignant tumours occurred among 788 women irradiated 1912 to 1977 for metropathia. One hundred and seventy-three women out of 1219 referred for the same diagnosis and not irradiated developed a malignant tumour. The tumours were diagnosed between 1958 and 1982. The relative risk of malignant tumours among the irradiated women was 1.22 and among the non-irradiated 1.09 compared to cancer registry data. A statistically non-significant increase of the relative risk was found in the irradiated patients for tumours of the rectum (1.58), colon (1.46), and the nervous system (1.67). A decreased overall relative risk was seen for cancer of the breast (0.92) after irradiation, but women treated at the age of 50 or more had an increased risk (2.08). The relative cancer risk of the heavily irradiated sites was not increased during the first 20 years after irradiation, but a statistically significant increase of the risk was seen after 30 years. ©1990 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Cohort study KW - Metropathia KW - Radiation carcinogenesis KW - Radiotherapy KW - radioisotope KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - cancer risk KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - metrorrhagia KW - priority journal KW - radiation carcinogenesis KW - radiotherapy KW - Brachytherapy KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Human KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radium KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Uterine Diseases PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 2206566 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Ryberg, M.; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, S-104 01, Stockholm, Sweden N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Radium, 7440-14-4 N1 - References: Seltser, R., Sartwell, P.E., The influence of occupational exposure to radiation on the mortality of American radiologists and other medical specialists (1965) Am J Epidemiol, 81, pp. 2-22; Kato, H., Schull, W.J., Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 7. Mortality. 1950–1978: Part 1 (1982) Cancer mortality. Radiat Res, 90, pp. 395-432; Court Brown, W.M., Doll, R., Mortality from cancer and other causes after radiotheraphy for ankylosing spondylitis (1965) Br Med J, 2, pp. 1327-1332; Darby, S.C., Doll, R., Smith, P.G., Long-term mortality after a single treatment course with x-rays in patients treated for ankylosing spondylitis (1987) Br J Cancer, 55, pp. 179-190; Smith, P.G., Doll, R., Mortality among patients with ankylosing spondylitis after a single treatment course with x-rays (1982) Br Med J, 284, pp. 449-460; Alderson, M.R., Jackson, S.M., Long-term follow-up of patients with menorrhagia treated by irradiation (1971) Br J Radiol, 44, pp. 295-298; Brinkley, D., Haybittle, J.L., The late effects of artificial menopause by X-radiation (1969) Br J Radiol, 42, pp. 519-521; Corscaden, J.A., Fertig, J.W., Gusberg, S.B., Carcinoma subsequent to the radiotherapeutic menopause (1946) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 51, pp. 1-12; Doll, R., Smith, P.G., The long-term effects of x-irradiation in patients treated for metropathia haemorrhagica (1968) Br J Radiol, 41, pp. 362-368; Smith, P.G., Doll, R., Late effects of x-irradiation in patients treated for metropathia haemorrhagica (1976) Br J Radiol, 49, pp. 224-232; Wagoner, J.K., Leukemia and other malignancies following radiation therapy for gynecological disorders (1984) Radiation carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and biological significance, pp. 153-159. , J D. Boice, Jr., J F. Fraumeni, Jr., eds. Raven Press, New York; Mattsson, B., (1984) Cancer registration in Sweden. Studies on completeness and validity of incidence and mortality registers, , Karolinska Institute, Stockholm; Ryberg, M., Lundell, M., Pettersson, F., Radiotherapy in benign uterine bleeding disorders. The Radiumhemmet metropathia cohort 1912–1977. Short- and long-term results (1989) Ups J Med Sci, 94, pp. 161-169; Boice, J.D., Jr., Day, N.E., Andersen, A., Second cancers following radiation treatment for cervical cancer. An international collaboration among cancer registries (1985) J Natl Cancer Inst, 74, pp. 955-975; Schull, W.J., Atomic Bomb Survivors: Patterns of cancer risk (1984) Radiation carcinogenesis: Epidemiology and biological significance, pp. 21-36. , J D. Boice, Jr., J F. Fraumeni, Jr., eds. Raven Press, New York; Palmer, J.P., Spratt, D.W., Pelvic carcinoma following irradiation for benign gynecological diseases (1956) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 72, pp. 497-505; Feinlab, M., Breast cancer and artificial menopause: A cohort study (1968) J Natl Cancer Inst, 41, pp. 315-329; Baral, E., Larsson, L.E., Mattsson, B., Occurrence of breast carcinoma in women treated with x-rays for benign diseases of the breast (1980) Prevention and detection of cancer. Part II. Detection. Cancer detection in specific sites, pp. 1731-1740. , Nieburgs, H E. ed. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, Basel; Pettersson, F., Fotiou, S., Einhorn, N., Silfverswärd, C., Cohort study of the long-term effect of irradiation for carcinoma of the uterine cervix (1985) Acta Radiol Oncol, 24, pp. 145-151; Tokuoka, S., Kawai, K., Shimizu, Y., Malignant and benign ovarian neoplasms among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950–80 (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 79, pp. 47-57 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025087640&doi=10.3109%2f02841869009090051&partnerID=40&md5=e7e209d06923afcd41f2a7becc736875 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study: a 15 year longitudinal study T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 76 EP - 107 PY - 1990 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1990.tb00621.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Silva, P.A. AD - Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Dunedin, New Zealand AB - Summary. This article describes the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a longitudinal study of 1037 children studied at birth and followed‐up at age 3, with the majority being followed up every 2 years thereafter, to age l.5. The paper includes a description of the setting for the study, the historical background, establishment of the study, the sample, follow‐up rates, changes in sample characteristics over time, the procedures, the data gathered at each phase and the investigators responsible. Some of the topics studied over the years are set out in a table of descriptors which includes references to refereed journal articles that include results relating to the topics. Plans for the future are also described. Reflections on some of the reasons why the study has been successful are noted. The article concludes with a full list of publications and reports (1–328), current as at 1 July 1989. Copyright © 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - adolescent KW - child KW - child development KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - health status KW - human KW - infant KW - longitudinal study KW - methodology KW - multiphasic health testing KW - new zealand KW - normal human KW - normal value KW - review KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Health Status KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - New Zealand KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :177 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus C2 - 2320503 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Silva, P.A.; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand N1 - References: Silva, P.A., (1976), pp. 153-162. , The value of long term follow up following perinatal problems. Bulletin of the Post Graduate Committee in Medicine, Uniuersify of Sydney, Special Issue; McKerracher, D.W., Saklofske, D.H., Silva, P.A., An evaluation and cross cultural comparison of the Reynell Developmental Language Scales (1977) Australian Reading Education Journal, 2, pp. 14-17; Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P.M., Spears, G.F., Some maternal and child developmental characteristics associated with breast feeding: report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1978) Australian Paediatric Journal, 14, pp. 265-268; Langley, J., Dodge, J., Silva, P.A., Accidents in the first years of life (1979) Australian Paediatric Journal, 15, pp. 255-259; McDiarmid, J., Silva, P.A., Three year old twins and singletons: a comparison of some perinatal, environmental, experiential and developmental characteristics (1979) Australian Paediatric Journal, 15, pp. 243-247; Langley, J., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.W., A study of ninety background, developmental, behavioural, and medical factors in childhood accidents (1980) Australian Paediatric Journal, 16, pp. 244-247; Silva, P.A., A study of the prevalence, stability, and significance of developmental language delays in preschool children (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 768-777; Silva, P.A., Experiences, activities, and the preschool child (1980) Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 5, pp. 13-19; Silva, P.A., Bradshaw, J., Some factors contributing to intelligence at age of school entry (1980) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 50, pp. 11-16; Silva, P.A., Fergusson, D., Some factors contributing to language development in three year old children (1980) British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 15, pp. 205-214; Silva, P.A., Ross, B., Gross motor development and delays in development in early childhood: assessment and significance (1980) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 6, pp. 9-24; Langley, J., Silva, P.A., Childhood accidents involving the electric jug‐options for prevention (1981) Burns, 7, pp. 1-6; Simonds, J.F., Silva, P.A., Aston, L., Behavioural and psychiatric assessment of preterm and full term low birth weight children at 9–12 years of age (1981) Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 2, pp. 82-88; Chapel, J.L., Robins, A.J., McGee, R.O., A follow up of inattentive and/or hyperactive children from birth to 7 years of age (1982) Journal of Operational Psychiatry, 13, pp. 17-26; Langley, J.D., The International Classification of Diseases codes for describing injuries and circumstances surrounding injuries: a critical comment and suggestions for improvement (1981) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 14, pp. 195-197; Langley, J.D., McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., Child behaviour and accidents (1982) Journal ofPediatric Psychology, 8, pp. 181-189; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Motor co‐ordination and childhood accidents (1980) Jourfial of Safety and Research, 12, pp. 75-78; Mahalski, P., The incidence of attachment objects in two longitudinal studies of children aged 1.5 to 7 years (1983) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, pp. 283-295; Silva, P.A., Kirkland, C., Simpson, A., Some developmental and behavioural characteristics associated with bilateral otitis media with effusion (1982) Journal of Learning Disorders, 15, pp. 417-421; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Powell, J., The growth and development of twins compared with singletons at ages five and seven. A follow up report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1982) Australian Paediatric Journal, 18, pp. 35-36; Wilson, J.C., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., An assessment of motor ability in seven year olds (1982) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 7, pp. 221-232; Brown, R.H., Evidence of decrease in the prevalence of dental caries in New Zealand (1982) Journal of Dental Research, 61, pp. 1327-1330; Fergusson, D.M., Beautrais, A.L., Silva, P.A., Breast feeding and cognitive development in the first seven years of life (1982) Social Science and Medicine, 16, pp. 1705-1708; Langley, J.D., The ‘accident‐prone’ child‐the perpetration of a myth (1982) Australian Paediatric Journal, 18, pp. 243-246; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Childhood accidents‐parents' attitudes to prevention (1982) Austrulian Paediafric Journal, 18, pp. 247-249; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., The predictive significance of slow walking and talking (1982) British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 17, pp. 133-139; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., A prospective study of the association between delayed motor development at ages three and five and low intelligence and reading difficulties at age seven (1982) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 8, pp. 187-193; Wilson, I., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Clinical assessment of the performance of the basic motor ability test by seven year old children (1982) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 8, pp. 195-203; McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Behaviour problems in a population of seven year old children: prevalence, stability and types of disorder (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 251-259; McCee, R.O., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Parents' and teachers' perception of behaviour problems in seven year old children (1983) The Exceptional Child, 30, pp. 151-161; McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Perinatal, neurological, environmental, and developmental characteristics of seven year old children with stable behaviour problems (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 573-586; McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., Kashani, J.H., Prevalence of self‐reported depressive symptoms and associated social factors in a sample of mothers in Dunedin (1983) British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, pp. 473-479; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., Developmental language delay from three to seven years and its significance for low intelligence and reading difficulties at age seven (1983) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 25, pp. 783-793; Kashani, J., McCee, R.O., Clarkson, S.E., Depression in a sample of nine year old children: prevalence and associated characteristics (1983) Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, pp. 1217-1223; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Socio‐economic status and childhood accidents (1983) Australian Paediatric Journal, 19, pp. 237-240; McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., Silva, P.A., Behavioural and developmental characteristics of aggressive, hyperactive and aggressive‐hyperactive boys (1984) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, pp. 270-279; McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., Silva, P.A., Background characteristics of aggressive, hyperactive, and aggressive‐hyperactive boys (1984) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, pp. 280-284; Silva, P.A., Birkbeck, J., Russell, D., Some biological, developmental and social correlates of gross and fine motor development (1984) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 10, pp. 35-51; Evans, R.W., Beck, D.I., Brown, R.H., The relationshiu between fluoridation and socio‐economic status and dental caries experience in 5 year old New Zealand Children (1984) Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 12, pp. 5-9; Silva, P.A., Justin, C., McGee, R.O., Some developmental behavioural characteristics of seven year old children with delayed speech development (1984) British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 19, pp. 147-154; Langley, J., Description and classification of childhood burns (1984) Burns, 10, pp. 231-235; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., A seven year follow up of the cognitive development of children who experienced common perinatal problems (1984) Australian Paediatric Journal, 20, pp. 23-28; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., A longitudinal study of the intelligence and behaviour of children who were preterm and children who were small for gestational age (1984) Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Paediatrics, 5, pp. 1-5; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., Some characteristics of nine year old boys with general reading backwardness and specific reading retardation (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 407-421; McGee, R.O., Makinson, T., Williams, S.M., A longitudinal study of enuresis from five to nine years (1984) Australian Paediatric Journal, 20, pp. 39-42; Chapman, J.W., Silva, P.A., Boersma, F.J., Student's perception of ability scale: development of a short form (1983) Perceptual and Motor Skills, 57, pp. 799-802; Chapman, J.W., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Some correlates of student's perception of academic abilities (1984) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, pp. 284-292; Oei, T.P.S., Egan, A.M., Silva, P.A., Factors associated with the initiation of ‘smoking’ in nine year old children (1986) Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 5, pp. 79-89; Langley, J., Injury control ‐ psychosocial considerations (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 349-356; Clymer, P.E., Silva, P.A., Laterality, cognitive ability and motor performance in a sample of seven year olds (1985) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 11, pp. 59-68; McGee, R., Williams, S., Bradshaw, J., The Rutter scale for completion by teachers: factor structure and relationship with cognitive abilities and family adversity for a sample of New Zealand children (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 727-739; Casswell, S., Brasch, P., Gilmore, L., Children's attitudes to alcohol and awareness of alcohol related problems (1985) British Journal of Addiction, 80, pp. 191-194; Williams, S.M., Silva, P.A., Some factors associated with reading ability: a longitudinal study (1985) Educational Research, 27, pp. 159-168; Parnicky, J.J., Williams, S.M., Silva, P.A., Family environment scale: a Dunedin (New Zealand) pilot study (1985) Australian Psychologist, 20, pp. 195-204; Birkbeck, J.A., Buckfield, P.M., Silva, P.A., Lack of long term effect of method of infant feeding on growth (1985) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 39 c, pp. 39-44; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Injuries in the eighth and ninth years of life (1985) Australian Paediatric Journal, 21, pp. 51-55; Mahalski, P.A., Silva, P.A., Spears, G.F.S., Relationship between children's attachment to soft objects at bedtime, child rearing and child development (1985) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, pp. 442-446; McGee, R., Birkbeck, J.A., Silva, P.A., Physical development in hyperactive boys (1985) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 27, pp. 364-368; Silva, P.A., Birkbeck, J.A., Williams, S.M., Some factors influencing the height of Dunedin seven year old children (1985) Australian Paediatric Journal, 21, pp. 27-30; McGee, R., Williams, S.M., Silva, P.A., The factor structure and correlates of ratings of inattention, hyperactivity, and antisocial behaviour in a large sample of nine‐year‐old children from the general population (1985) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, pp. 53480-53490. , Reproduced in, Hair, J.F, Anderson, R.E, Talham, R.L, Multivariate Data Analysis. New York, Macmillan, 1987; Sears, M.R., Holdaway, M.D., Hewitt, C.J., Bronchial reactivity in children without asthma (1984) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 14, p. 542; Langley, J., The control of product‐related injuries in New Zealand (1985) Journal of Public Health Policy, 6, pp. 100-115; Clarkson, S., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Sleep in middle childhood‐a longitudinal study of sleep problems in a large sample of Dunedin children aged 5 to 9 years (1986) Australian Paediatric Journal, 22, pp. 31-35; McGee, R.O., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., An evaluation of the Malaise Inventory (1985) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 30, pp. 147-152; Anderson, J.C., Williams, S., McGee, R.O., DSM III disorders in a large sample of preadolescent children: prevalence in a large sample from the general population (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 69-76; Langley, J., Silva, P.A., Mothers' knowledge of first aid‐ an exploratory study (1986) Australian Paediatric Journal, 22, pp. 57-60; Share, D.L., Silva, P.A., The stability and classification of specific reading retardation: a longitudinal study from age seven to eleven (1986) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 56, pp. 32-39; Suckling, G.W., Brown, R.H., Herbison, G.P., The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in 696 nine year old New Zealand children participating in a health and development study (1985) Community Dental Health, 2, pp. 303-313; McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., Non co‐operation of preschoolers (1985) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 140, pp. 8-9; Silva, P.A., Crosado, B., The growth and development of twins compared with singletons at ages nine and eleven (1985) Australian Paediatric Journal, 21, pp. 265-267; Silva, P.A., A comparison of the predictive validity of the Reynell Developmental Language Scales, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and the Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scale (1986) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 56, pp. 201-204; Sears, M.R., Jones, D.T., Holdaway, M.D., The prevalence of bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine in New Zealand children (1986) Thorax, 41, pp. 283-289; Brown, R.H., Suckling, G.W., Pattern of caries in permanent incisors and first molars in 9‐year‐old children (1986) Abstract, Journal of Dental Research, 64, p. 650; Yunus, N., Peridontal health in 12‐year‐old children (1986) Abstract. Journal of Dental Research, 65, p. 478; Langley, J., Silva, P.A., Swimming experiences and abilities of nine year olds (1987) British Journal of Sports Medicine, 20, pp. 39-41; Share, D.L., McGee, R., Silva, P.A., Motor function in dyslexic children with and without attentional disorders (1987) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 12, pp. 313-320; Silva, P.A., Chalmers, D., Stewart, LA., Some audiological, psychological, educational, and behavioural characteristics of children with bilateral otitis media with effusion: a longitudinal study (1986) Journal of Learning Disorders, 19, pp. 165-169; Share, D.L., Chalmers, D., Stewart, I.A., Reading disability and middle ear pathology (1986) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 61, pp. 400-401; Share, D.L., McGee, R.O., McKenzie, D., Further evidence relating to the distinction between specific reading retardation and general reading backwardness (1987) British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5, pp. 35-44; Langley, J., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Cycling experiences and knowledge of the road code by nine year olds (1987) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 19, pp. 141-145; Share, D.L., Silva, P.A., Adler, C.J., Factors associated with reading plus spelling retardation and specific spelling retardation (1987) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 29, pp. 72-84; McGee, R., Anderson, J., Williams, S.M., Cognitive correlates of depressive symptoms in eleven year old children (1986) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, pp. 517-524; McGee, R., Williams, S.M., Share, D., The relationship between specific reading retardation, general reading backwardness, and behavioural disorders in a large sample of Dunedin boys: a longitudinal study from age five to eleven years (1986) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, pp. 597-610; Langley, J.D., The need to discontinue the use of the term ‘accident’ when referring to unintentional injury events (1988) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 20, pp. 1-8; Langley, J.D., Cecci, J., Silva, P.A., Injuries in the tenth and eleventh years of life (1987) Australian Journal of Paediatrics, 23, pp. 35-39; McGee, R., Williams, S.M., Simpson, A., Stereoscopic vision and motor ability in a large sample of seven year old children (1987) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 13, pp. 343-351; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Absence of psycho‐social bias in the under‐reporting of unintentional childhood injuries (1988) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 42, pp. 76-82; Storlein, L.H., Bird, L., Silva, P.A., The assessment and stability of obesity during the first seven years of life (1987) Australian Paediatric Journal, 23, pp. 131-135; Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., McGee, R., A Longitudinal study of children with developmental language delay at age three: intelligence, reading, and behaviour problems at ages seven, nine and eleven (1987) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 29, pp. 630-640; Jones, D.T., Sears, M.R., Holdaway, M.D., Childhood asthma in New Zealand (1987) British Journal of Diseases of the Chest, 81, pp. 332-340; Share, D.L., Silva, P.A., Language deficits and reading retardation: cause or effect (1988) British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 22, pp. 219-226; Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., WISC‐R Verbal and Performance IQ Discrepancy in an unselected cohort: clinical significance and longitudinal stability (1987) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, pp. 768-774; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Lack of bias from missing cases: results from a psychosocial study of unintentional childhood injury (1987) Journal of Safety Research, 18, pp. 27-32; McKenzie‐Pamell, J.M., Thomson, C.D., Zinc, copper, selenium and glutathione peroxidaze in blood of 11‐year‐old Dunedin, New Zealand, children (1987) Biological Trace Element Research, 14, pp. 53-63; McGee, R., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., A comparison of girls and boys with teacher‐identified problems of attention (1987) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychology, 26, pp. 711-717; Langley, J.D., The Injury Task Force (1987) Community Health Studies, 10, pp. 407-410; Clymer, P.E., Silva, P.A., Gross and fine motor ability and anthropomehic characteristics of children with high intelligence (1988) Journal of Human Movement Studies, 14, pp. 19-29; Share, D.L., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Factors associated with arithmetic‐and‐reading disability and specific arithmetic disability (1988) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21, pp. 313-320; Casswell, S., Gilmore, L.L., Silva, P.A., What children know about alcohol and how they know it (1988) British Journal of Addiction, 83, pp. 223-227; Silva, P.A., Hughes, P., Williams, S.M., Blood lead, intelligence, reading attainment and behaviour problems in eleven‐year‐old children in Dunedin, New Zealand (1988) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, pp. 43-53; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Psychosocial factors in unintentional childhood injuries: results from a longitudinal study (1987) Journal of Safety Research, 18, pp. 73-89; Langley, J.D., Frequency of injury events in New Zealand compared with the distribution of E codes (1987) Methods of Information in Medicine, 26, pp. 89-92; Share, D.L., McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., IQ and reading progress: a test of the capacity notion of IQ (1989) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 28, pp. 97-100; Suckling, G.W., Herbison, G.P., Brown, R.H., Etiological factors influencing the prevalence of developmental defects of dental enamel in nine‐year old New Zealand children participating in a health and development study (1987) Journal of Dental Research, 66, pp. 1466-1469; Williams, S.M., Sanderson, G.F., Share, D.L., Refractive error, IQ and reading ability: a longitudinal study from age 7 to 11 (1988) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 30, pp. 735-742; Langley, J.D., McLoughlin, E., Difficulties and bonuses of evaluation: evaluating New Zealand's Childrens' Nightclothes Act (1977) Burns, 14 (6), pp. 435-439. , 1988; McGee, R., Share, D.L., Attention deficit disorder‐hyperactivity and academic failure: which comes first and what should be treated (1988) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 22, pp. 318-325; McGee, R., Williams, S.M., A longitudinal study of depression in 9 year old children (1988) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 22, pp. 342-348; McGee, R., Williams, S.M., Childhood depression and reading ability: is there a relationship (1988) Journal of School Psychology, 26, pp. 391-394; McGee, R., Williams, S.M., Silva, P.A., Slow starters and long‐term backward readers: a replication and extension (1988) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 58, pp. 330-337; Jordan, T.E., Silva, P.A., Height and weight comparisons of children in New Zealand and the United States (1988) Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 108, pp. 166-172; Frost, L.A., Moffitt, T.E., McGee, R., Neuropsychological correlates of early adolescent psychopathology: abstract Journal of Clinical Neuro psychology, 11 (1), p. 272; Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Neuropsychological deficit and self reported delinquency in an unselected birth cohort (1988) Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 27, pp. 233-240; McGee, R., Williams, S., Moffitt, T.E., A comparison of 13 year old boys with attention deficit and/or reading disorder on neuropsychological measures (1989) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, pp. 37-53; Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., IQ and delinquency: a direct test of the differential detection hypothesis (1988) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 92, pp. 330-333; Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Self reported delinquency, neuropsychological deficit and history of attention deficit disorder (1988) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, pp. 553-569; Williams, S.M., Simpson, A., Silva, P.A., Steroacuity levels and vision problems in children 7 to 11 years (1988) Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 8, pp. 386-389; Williams, S.M., McGee, R.O., Anderson, J., The structure and correlates of self‐reported symptoms in 11‐year‐old children (1988) Journal of Abnormal Psychological, 17, pp. 55-71; Chalmers, D.J., Cecchi, J., Langley, J.D., Injuries in the twelfth and thirteenth years of life (1989) Australian Paediatrics Journal, 25, pp. 14-20; Langley, J.D., Cecchi, J., Williams, S.M., Under reporting of injury events by thirteen year olds (1989) Methods of information in Medicine, 28, pp. 24-27; Langley, J.D., McLoughlin, E., Injury mortality and morbidity in New Zealand (1989) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 21, pp. 243-254; Langley, J.D., Chalmers, D.J., Place of occurrence of injury events in New Zealand compared with the available ICD codes (1989) Methods of information in Medicine, 28, pp. 109-113; Sears, M.R., Holdaway, M.D., Hewitt, C.J., Relationships between airway responsiveness, atopy and childhood asthma; a longitudinal study (1987) American Review of Respiratory Disease, 135, p. A380; Sears, M.R., Holdaway, M.D., Hewitt, C.J., The relative risks of allergy to grass pollen, house dust, mite and cot dander in the development of childhood asthma (1988) American Review of Respiratory Disease, 137, p. 239; Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Self‐reported delinquency: results from an instrument in New Zealand (1988) Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 21, pp. 227-240; Anderson, J., Williams, S.W., McGee, R.O., Cognitive and social correlates of DSMIII disorders in pre‐adolescent children (1989) Journal of the Academy of Child Psychiatry; Frost, L.A., Moffitt, T.E., McGee, R.O., Neuropsychological function and psychopathology in an unselected cohort of young adolescents (1989) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, pp. 307-313; Moffitt, T.E., Henry, B., Neuropsychological assessment of executive function deficits in self‐reported delinquents (1989) Journal of Developmental Psychopathology; Sears, M.R., Herbison, G.P., Holdaway, M.D., The relative risks of sensitivity to grass pollen, house dust, mite and cot dander in the development of childhood asthma (1989) Clinical Allergy; Stanton, W.R., McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., A longitudinal study of the interactive effects of perinatal complications and early family adversity on cognitive ability (1989) Australian Paediatric Journal, 25, pp. 130-133; Langley, J.D., Parents' reports of disability among thirteen year olds. Preliminary experiences with WHOs ICIDH (1989) Australian Paediatric Journal, 25, pp. 220-225; Clarkson, J.E., Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P.M., The later growth of children who were preterm and small for gestational age (1975) New Zealand Medical Iournal, 81, pp. 279-282; Ellingham, T.R., Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P.M., Neonatal risk factors, visual defects and the preschool child: a report from the Queen Mary Hospital Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1976) New Zealand Medical Journal, 11, pp. 74-77; Silva, P.A., Fergusson, D.M., Socio‐economic status, maternal characteristics, child experience and intelligence in preschool children (1976) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 11, pp. 180-188; Hood, L.J., Faed, J.A., Silva, P.A., Breast feeding and some reasons for electing to wean the infant: a report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1978) New Zealand Medical Journal, 88, pp. 273-276; Silva, P.A., SRA verbal test scores from 1011 women (1978) New Zealand Psychologist, 7, pp. 47-48; Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P.M., Spears, G.F., Poisoning, burns and other accidents experienced by a thousand Dunedin three year olds: a report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1978) New Zealand Medical Journal, 87, pp. 242-244; Geddis, D.G., Silva, P.A., The Plunket Society: a consumer survey (1979) New Zealand Medical Journal, 90, pp. 507-509; Silva, P.A., The significance of early delays in motor development (1979) New Zealand Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 12, p. 18020; Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P.M., Spears, G.F., Mode of delivery and developmental characteristics in a thousand Dunedin three year olds: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1979) New Zealand Medical Journal, 89, pp. 79-81; Birkbeck, J.A., Guthrie, A.M., Anthropometric studies on Dunedin five and six year old children (1980) New Zealand Medical Journal, 91, pp. 331-334; Birkbeck, J.A., Herbert, C.M., Skeletal maturity in seven year old Dunedin children (1980) New Zealand Medical Journal, 92, pp. 312-313; Evans, R.W., Beck, D.J., Brown, R.H., Dental health of 5 year old children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1980) New Zealand Dental Journal, 76, pp. 179-186; Dodge, J.S., Silva, P.A., A study of mothers' health (1980) New Zealand Medical Journal, 91, pp. 353-355; Simons, B., Bradshaw, J., Silva, P.A., Hospital admissions during the first five years of life (1980) New Zealand Medical Journal, 91, pp. 144-147; Birkbeck, J.A., The role of dairy products in the New Zealand diet (1981) New Zealand Medical Journal, 94, pp. 386-389; Langley, J., Dodge, J., Silva, P.A., Scalds to preschool children (1981) New Zealand Medical Journal, 93, pp. 84-87; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Primary school accidents (1981) New Zealand Medical Journal, 94, pp. 336-339; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Swimming abilities and experiences of seven year olds (1981) New Zealand Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 14, pp. 45-46; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Accidental injuries in the sixth and seventh years of life: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1981) New Zealand Medical Journal, 93, pp. 344-347; Silva, P.A., The predictive validity of a simple two item developmental screening test for three year olds (1981) New Zealand Medical Journal, 93, pp. 39-41; Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., Stewart, A.C., Immunisations in the fifth year of life: a report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1981) New Zealand Medical Journul, 93, pp. 180-181; Evans, R.W., Silva, P.A., Beck, D.J., Relationships between dental health behaviour and oral health status of 5‐year‐old children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1982) New Zealand Dental Journal, 78, pp. 11-16; Langley, J.D., Crosado, B., School playground climbing equipment ‐ safe or unsafe (1982) New Zealand Medical Journal, 95, pp. 540-542; McGee, R.O., Clarkson, J.E., Silva, P.A., Neurological dysfunction in a large sample of three year old children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1982) New Zealand Medical Journal, 95, pp. 693-696; McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., Stewart, J.A., Behaviour problems and otitis media with effusion: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1982) New Zealand Medical Journal, 95, pp. 655-657; McKerracher, D.W., McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., Eysenck Personality Inventory Scores from 1011 New Zealand women: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1984) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 19, p. 82; Sears, M.R., Jones, D.T., Silva, P.A., Asthma in seven year old children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1982) New Zealand Medical Journal, 95, pp. 533-536; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Thomas, J., A Descriptive study of socio‐economic status and child development in Dunedin five year olds: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1982) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 19, pp. 21-32; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., Family size, ordinal position, socio‐economic status, and child development (1982) New Zealand Medical Journal, 95, pp. 371-373; Silva, P.A., Interpreting Stanford Binet and WISC(R) IQ's in New Zealand: Research Notice (1982) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 17, p. 195; Simpson, AS., Birkbeck, J.A., Silva, P.A., Blood pressure in a cohort of Dunedin seven year olds (1983) New Zealand Medical Journal, 96, pp. 116-118; Stewart, LA., Jenkin, L., Kirkland, C., A preliminary evaluation of the use of an automatic tympanometer in the diagnosis of otitis media with effusion in children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit (1983) New Zealand Medical Journal, 96, pp. 252-255; Langley, J.D., Tobin, P., Childhood bums (1983) New Zealand Medical Journal, 96, pp. 681-684; Langley, J.D., Fencing of private swimming pools in New Zealand (1983) Community Health Studies, 7, pp. 285-289; Casswell, S., Gilmore, L., Silva, P.A., Early experiences with alcohol: a survey of an eight and nine year old sample (1983) New Zealand Medical Journal, 96, pp. 1001-1003; Molteno, A.C.B., Hoare‐Nairne, J., Parr, J.L., The Otago photoscreener, a method for the mass screening of infants to detect squint and refractive errors (1983) Transactions of the Ophthalmologic Societies of New Zealand, 35, pp. 43-49; Langley, J., Crosado, B., Two safety aspects of public playground climbing equipment (1984) New Zealand Medical Journal, 97, pp. 404-406; Simpson, A., Kirkland, C., Silva, P.A., Vision and eye problems in seven year olds: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit (1984) New Zealand Medical Journal, 92, pp. 445-449; Oei, T.P.S., Brasch, P., Silva, P.A., The prevalence of ‘smoking’ among nine year olds (1984) New Zealand Medical Journal, 77, pp. 528-531; Silva, P.A., Research Notice: the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit Bibliography of Publications and Reports, 197551983 (1985) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 19, pp. 188-189; Simpson, A., Laugesen, M., Silva, P.A., The prevalence and treatment of retained testes (1985) New Zealand Medical Journal, 98, pp. 758-768; Hurst, P.L., Lovell‐Smith, C.J., Reference interval for alkaline phosphatase, angiotensin converting enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and ‐glutamyltransferase in eleven year old children (1985) New Zealand Journal of Medical and Laboratory Technology, 39, pp. 103-108; Silva, P.A., Hughes, P., Faed, J., Blood Lead Levels in 579 Dunedin Eleven Year Old Children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Unit (1986) New Zealand Medical Journal, 99, pp. 175-183; McLoughlin, E., Langley, J.D., Laing, R.M., Preventing children's burns: legislation and fabric flammability (1986) New Zealand Medical Journal, 99, pp. 804-807; Brown, R.H., Dental research in a health and development study (1986) New Zealand Dental Journal, 82, pp. 102-105; Suckling, G.W., Brown, R.H., Herbison, G.P., Aetiological factors influencing the prevalence of developmental defects of dental enamel. Abstract (1987) New Zealand Dental Journal, 83, p. 16; Parnicky, J.J., Williams, S.M., Silva, P.A., Mothers' characteristics, perceptions of family environments, and sustained socio‐economic status (1987) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 22, pp. 121-124; Yunus, N.N.N., Brown, R.H., Herbison, G.P., Gingival condition and oral hygiene in 12 years old Dunedin children (1987) New Zealand Dental Journal, 83, pp. 4-7; Russell, D.W., Isaac, A., Patterns of sports participation of Dunedin eleven‐year‐olds; a descriptive study (1986) New Zealand Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 19, pp. 8-10; Silva, P.A., Sears, M.R., Tones, D.T., Some family social background, developmental and behavioural characteristics of nine year old children with asthma (1987) New Zealand Medical Journal, 100, pp. 318-320; Langley, J.D., Cecchi, I., Silva, P.A., Parents' and children's attitudes to seat belt usage and knowledge of seat belts (1988) New Zealand Medical Journal, 101, pp. 119-121; Silva, P.A., Health in adolescence: research challenges for the next decade (1988) New Zealand Medical Journal, 101, pp. 689-692; Flett, R., Casswell, S., Brasch, P., Alcohol knowledge and experience in children aged 9 and 11 (1987) New Zealand Medical Journal, 100, pp. 747-749; Silva, P.A., The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study: an introductory overview, some findings and preliminary recommendations from a study of a thousand Dunedin three year olds (1978) New Zealand Speech Therapists Journal, 33, pp. 18-25; Silva, P.A., A case study involving the use of volunteers in a research project. A report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1987) New Zealand Social Work, 2, pp. 3-6; Langley, J., Silva, P.A., Falls‐the most common accident experienced by children (1979) Accident Compensation Corporation Report, 4 (6), pp. 62-64; Silva, P.A., Gibson, M., The identification and significance of early expressive language delays (1979) New Zealand Speech Therapists Journal, 34 (2), pp. 22-23; Silva, P.A., Birth hypoxia and psychological dysfunction in children (1979) New Zealand Speech Therapist Journal, 34 (2), pp. 1-13; Langley, J., Dodge, J., Silva, P.A., Two studies of bums in New Zealand (1980) Australian and New Zealand Burns Association Newsletter, 4, pp. 9-10; Langley, J., Silva, P.A., The availability of three safety devices in Dunedin (1980) Accident Compensation Corporation Report, 5 (1), pp. 28-29; Langley, J., Dodge, J., Silva, P.A., Child safety education. The perception of hazards (1980) Education News, 5 (5), p. 11; Silva, P.A., Working mothers and preschool child experiences and development (1980) New Zealand Social Work, 5 (5), pp. 15-20; Silva, P.A., Gibson, M.J., Hughes, M., A new method of observing and recording progress in preschool children with special educational needs. The Otago Preschool Project Social Adjustment Inventory (OPPSAI) (1980) The Intellectually Handicapped Children's Review, 19, pp. 9-13; Silva, P.A., Hewitt, C., Developmental behavioural and medical problems in children at age five years (1980) Review, 2 (1), pp. 10-14; Stewart, I.A., Secretory otitis media and unsuspected hearing loss in children (1980) Patient Management, 9 (5), pp. 35-43; Silva, P.A., A simple prose reading test to identify seven year olds with reading problems: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1981) National Education, 63, pp. 36-38; Silva, P.A., The identification of developmental language disorders in preschool children: the need for selectivity and agreement (1982) New Zealand Speech Therapists Journal, 36, pp. 2-18; Silva, P.A., The Report on Child Health and Child Health Services in New Zealand: an evaluation (1982) New Zealand Health Review, 2 (3), pp. 7-8; Justin, C., Lawn, L., Silva, PA., The Dunedin Articulation Check‐some conclusions from the research (1984) New Zealand Speech-Language Therapists Journal, 39 (2), pp. 36-40; Lawn, L., A description and evaluation of the Dunedin Articulation Test (1984) New Zealand Speech-Language Therapists Journal, 39 (2), pp. 30-35; Calvert, B., Weight control: population conceptions (1985) Journal of the Association of Home Science Alumnae New Zealand, 54, pp. 3-7; Calvert, B., Understanding about dietary fibre (1989) Journal of the Association of Home Science Alumnae New Zealand; Calvert, B., Common knowledge about minerals in the diet (1985) Journal of the Association of Home Science Alumnae New Zealand, 54, p. 79; Adler, C.J., Writers at Risk. Set No. 1, Item 9; Calvert, B., Silva, P.A., Health by compulsion (1985) Health Review, 5, pp. 9-10; Silva, P.A., Bibliography of Publications and Reports, 1975–1983. Research Notice (1985) Australian Journal of Paediatrics, 21, p. 135; Sinclair, B., Prescribing patterns for childhood ailments comes under scrutiny (1988) New Zealand Pharmacy, 8, pp. 28-30; Silva, P.A., Bradshaw, J., Spears, G.F., (1979) A Study of the Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Reynell Developmental Language Scales: A Report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study, , A monograph published by the National Foundation for Educational Research, Windsor, United Kingdom; Justin, C., Gibson, M., Silva, P.A., (1980), The Dunedin Articulation Test (DAT). A Clinical Instrument for Speech Therapists. A monograph published by the Otago Speech Therapists Association, Dunedin, New Zealand; Silva, P.A., (1980), The Dunedin Articulation Screening Scale (DASS). A monograph published by the Otago Speech Therapy Association, Dunedin, New Zealand; McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., (1982), A Thousand New Zealand Children. Their Health and Development from Birth to Seven. Medical Research Council of New Zealand Special Report Series No. 8; Justin, C., Lawn, L., Silva, P.A., (1983) The Dunedin Articulation Check (DAC). A Clinical Instrument from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, , Dunedin:, Otago Speech Therapy Association; Adler, C., Silva, P.A., A Preliminary Study of the Written Language of Dunedin Nine Year Olds (1982) Dunedin, Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, , Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; Adler, C., (1982), Reader's Handbook for the Written Language Research Project of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; Silva, P.A., (1984), Annotated Bibliography of Publications and Reports from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit. Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; Silva, P.A., Spears, G.F.S., Williams, S.M., (1984), A Description of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study Data Set: Phases I to XI. Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., (1984), Growing Up in Dunedin: A Report for the Parents on the First Seven Years of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; Silva, P.A., The Educational Attainment of 2,600 Dunedin Children: A Report on the Dunedin Intermediate Schools' Collaborative Testing Project 1984: The NZCER Tests. Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School, 1984; Silva, P.A., Smith, C.T.W., Pearce, D.W., (1984), The Dunedin Spelling Tests. Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; Adler, C.J., (1985), The Assessment of Children's Written Language. Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; McWhirter, J.L., (1985), Reference Ranges for Enzyme Data. Research Report No. 137. Department of Mathematics, University of Waikato; Langley, J.D., McLaughlin, E., (1987) Review of Research in Unintentional Injury, , Auckland:, Medical Research Council of New Zealand,. Special Report Series No. 10; Adler, C., (1987) Writers at Risk: Including an Assessment Method for Teachers and Researchers to Identify the Strengths and Weaknesses of Young Writers, , Wellington:, New Zealand Council for Educational Research; Chalmers, D., Stewart, J.A., Silva, P.A., (1989) Otitis Media with Effusion in Dunedin Children: A Multidisciplinary Longitudinal Study, , London:, MacKeith Press; Silva, P.A., (1988), Annotated Bibliography of 300 Publications and Reports from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, 1975–1988. Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; Stanton, W.R., Silva, P.A., Oei, T.P.S., The Origins and Development of an Addictive Behaviour: A Longitudinal Study of Smoking (1989) Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School; Silva, P.A., Some biological and environmental factors contributing to early child development. A brief description of the Queen Mary Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1978) Early Childhood in New Zealand, pp. 91-96. , editors:, B. O'Rourke, J. Clough,. Auckland:, Heinemann Educational Books; Silva, P.A., An introduction to specific learning difficulties (1979) Reading Process and Success, pp. 158-164. , Editors:, C. Harper, J. Lundy,. Wellington:, New Zealand Educational Institute; Simpson, A., Mortimer, J.G., Silva, P.A., Correlates of blood pressure in a cohort of Dunedin seven‐year‐old children (1981) Hypertension in the Young and Old, pp. 155-163. , Editors:, G. Onesti, K. Kim,. New York:, Grune and Stratton; Silva, P.A., The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study and child health policy in New Zealand (1982) Child Development, Information and Formation of Public Poky, pp. 224-234. , Editor:, T. Jordan,. Springfield:, Charles Thomas; Stewart, I.A., Kirkland, C., Simpson, A., Some factors of possible aetiological significance related to otitis media with effusion (1984) Recent Advances in Otitis Media with Effusion, pp. 25-27. , Editor:, D.J. Lim,. Burlington, Ontario:, B.C. Decker; Stewart, I.A., Kirkland, C., Simpson, A., Some developmental characteristics associated with otitis media with effusion (1984) Recent Advances in Otitis Media with Effusion, pp. 329-331. , Editor:, D.J. Lim,. Burlington, Ontario:, B.C. Decker; Langley, J., Silva, P.A., (1983), pp. 165-172. , Falls in childhood. In: Accidents to Children: Their Incidence, Causes, and Effects, Editor:, J. Peam,. Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Australia, College of Surgeons Gardens, Spring Street, Melbourne; Silva, P.A., Stewart, L.A., Kirkland, C., How impaired are children who experience persistent bilateral otitis media with effusion (1985) Understanding Learning Disabilities: International and Multidisciplinary Views, pp. 27-38. , Editors:, D.D. Duane, C.K. Leong,. New York:, Plenum Press; Silva, P.A., Epidemiology, longitudinal course, and some associated factors (1987) Language Development and Disorders, pp. 1-15. , Editors:, M. Rutter, W. Yule, M. Bax,. Imndon:, MacKeith Press; Silva, P.A., Chalmers, D., Stewart, LA., Some long‐term psychological, educational, and behavioural characteristics of children with bilateral otitis media with effusion (1985) Recent Advances in Otitis Media with Effusion, pp. 367-374. , Editor:, J. Sade,. Amsterdam:, Kugler; Sears, M.R., Epidemiology of asthma (1986) Recent Advancrs in Respiratoy Medicine IV, pp. 1-11. , Editors:, T.L. Petty, D.C. Flenley, Churchill Livingstone; Stewart, LA., The natural history of secretory otitis media with some observations on retraction pockets (1986) Acute and Secretory Otitis Media, pp. 87-89. , Editor:, J. Sade,. Amsterdam:, Kugler; Moffitt, T.E., Neuropsychology and self‐reported early delinquency in an unselected birth cohort: a preliminary report from New Zealand (1988) Biological Contributions to Crime Causafiori, pp. 89-112. , Editors:, T.E. Moffitt, S.A. Mednick,. New York:, Martinas Nijhoff; McGee, R.O., Share, D.L., Moffitt, T.E., Reading disability, behaviour problems and juvenile delinquency (1988) Individual Differences in Adolescence: An International Perspective, pp. 158-172. , Editors:, D.H. Saklofske, S. Eysenck,. London:, Hodder and Stoughton; McGee, R.O., Williams, S., Silva, P.A., Factor structure and correlates of ratings of inattention, hyperactivity and antisocial behaviour in a large sample of 9‐year‐old children from the general population (1987) Multivariate Data Anaiysis, pp. 221-231. , Second edition, Editors:, J.F. Hair, R.E. Andrew, R.L. Tatham,. New York:, Macmillan; Chalmers, D.J., Langley, J.D., Childhood falls from playground equipment resulting in admission to hospital: descriptive epidemiology (1988) Safety in the Built Environment, pp. 226-237. , Editor:, J. Sime,. United Kingdom:, E and F.N. Spon; Moffitt, T.E., Mednick, S.A., Gabrielli, W.F., Predicting criminal violence: descriptive data and predispositional factors (1988) Currpnt Approaches to the Prediction of Violence, , Editors:, D. Brizer, M. Crowner,. New York:, American Psychiatric Association Press; Moffitt, T.E., (1988) Accommodating self‐report methods to a low‐delinquency culture: experience from New Zealand, , Dordrecht, Matinus Nijhoff Press; Moffitt, T.E., The neuropsychology of delinquency: a critical review of theory and research (1988) Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, , Editors:, N. Morris, M. Torcy,. Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Silva, P.A., Hughes, P., Faed, J., A study of blood lead in 11‐year‐old children and some associations with cognitive development and behaviour: comparisons with a London study. A report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit (1989) Lend in the New Zealand Environment, , Editors:, J. Hay, S. de Mora,. Auckland:, Auckland University Press; Langley, J.D., Chalmers, DJ., Unintentional falls resulting in death or hospitalisation (1989) Contemporary Health Issues: Beyond the Facts, pp. 73-79. , National Health Statistics Centre, Department of Health; Sears, M.R., Epidemiology of asthma (1989) Asthma as an Inflammatory Disease, pp. 15-48. , Editor:, P.M. OByrne,. New York:, Marcel Dekker; Stewart, LA., Keith, W.J., Simpson, A.S., Pilot impedance screening programme in the South Island of New Zealand (1989) Recent Advances in Otitis Media, pp. 49-51. , Toronto and Philadelphia:, B.C. Decker; Silva, P.A., The Dunedin Developmental Screening Battery (DDSB) (1977) Abstracts from the First Collaborative Meeting of the Paediatric Research Society of Australia and the Paediatric Society of NZ, , Auckland:, Mead Johnson Laboratories; Silva, P.A., Towards the prevention of learning difficulties. Some selected findings from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. Proceedings of the Third National Conference of the Specific Learning Difficulties Association, University of Victoria, 1977. Available from Box 43–113, Wainuiomata, Wellington; Bradshaw, J., Silva, P.A., Assessment of hyperactivity and other behaviour problems (1979) Proceedings of the Second Early Child Care and Development Convention, pp. 187-200. , Christchurch; Dodge, J.S., The health of mothers and its relationship to child development (1979) Proceedings of the Second Early Child Care and Development Convention, pp. 155-159. , Christchurch; Silva, P.A., Bradshaw, J., Evans, E., Some sex differences in the early development and behaviour of children at age of school entry (1979) Proceedings of the Second Early Child Care and Development Convention, pp. 133-148. , Christchurch; Silva, P.A., (1979), The identification of developmental language disorders in pre‐school children: the need for selectivity and agreement. Keynote Address and in the Proceedings of the First South Australian Institute on Developmental Disabilities Conference, Adelaide College of the Arts and Education, Adelaide; Silva, P.A., Intervention for preschool children with developmental language delays. The need for diversity and evaluation (1979) Proceedings of the First South Australian Institute for Developmental Disabilities Conference, , Adelaide College of the Arts and Education; Silva, P.A., The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study: an overview and progress report (1979) Proceedings of the Second Early Child Care and Development Convention, pp. 87-104. , Christchurch; Silva, P.A., On cars, kids, and other things (1978) A paper on health, education and welfare presented to the Annual Conference of the NZ School Committees Federation, Auckland, 1 (2), pp. 17-20. , In: Review, Vol; Stewart, LA., Silva, PA, Williams, S.M., Common ear and hearing problems in preschool children (1979) Proceedings of the Second Early Child Care and Development Convention, pp. 161-181. , Christchurch; Carr, N.I., (1980), The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. In: Proceedings of the International Federation of Home Economics Congress, Manila; Langley, J., Dodge, J., Silva, P.A., Domestic accidents among New Zealand children. What is known and what needs to be known (1980) Accidents and Rehabilitation: A Symposium Report, pp. 29-31. , Medical Research Council of New Zealand, Special Report, Series No. 6; Silva, P.A., (1980), pp. 228-240. , The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study: some contributions to special education, The Proceedings of the First National Conference on Exceptional Children, Hamilton; Langley, J.D., (1980), pp. 5-14. , What needs to be done in the future of the childhood accident prevention field? In: Proceedings of the National Child Health Research Foundation Symposium on Childhood Accidents. Wellington; Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., (1980), pp. 15-25. , Childhood accidents as seen by the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. In: Proceedings of the National Child Health Research Foundation Symposium on Childhood Accidents. Wellington; Silva, P.A., Improving services for handicapped children: a policy statement from four of the major New Zealand associations for handicapped children (1981) Proceedings of the International Meeting on Child Development, , Information and Public Policy, Wiston House, Sussex, England; Sears, M.R., Jones, D.T., Holdaway, M.D., Prevalence of bronchial hyperactivity to methocholine in 9 year old children (1981) Abstracts XI International Congress of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, , London:, McMillan Press; Stewart, L.A., Kirkland, C., Simpson, A., , p. 6. , Some factors of possible etiological significance in otitis media with effusion. Abstracts of the Third International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media with Effusion. Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 1983; Stewart, I.A., Kirkland, C., Simpson, A., Some developmental characteristics associated with otitis media with effusion (1983) Abstracts of the Third International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media with Effusion, p. 95. , Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Silva, P.A., Stewart, L.A., Kirkland, C., How impaired are children who experience persistent otitis media with effusion? In: Proceedings of the Third International Study Group on Special Educational Needs Research and Development Seminar, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, July 1983. (see chapter 8.); Silva, P.A., McGee, R., Williams, S.M., (1983), pp. 105-109. , Are early developmental language delays precursors of low intelligence and reading difficulties? In: Proceedings of the XIX Congress of the International Association of Logopaedics and Phoniatrics, Edinburgh; Justin, C., Lawn, L., Silva, P.A., (1983), pp. 97-102. , The Dunedin Articulation Check some conclusions from the research. In: Proceedings of the XIX Congress of the International Association of Logopaedics and Phoniatrics, Edinburgh; Lawn, L., Justin, C., Gibson, M., (1983), pp. 91-96. , Evaluation of the Dunedin Articulation Test. In: Proceedings of the XIX Congress of the International Association of Logopaedics and Phoniatrics, Edinburgh, 1984, pp; Chapel, J.L., Robins, A.J., McGee, R.O., (1983), p. 557. , Do hyperactive children grow out of it? In: Abstracts of VII World Congress of Psychiatry, Vienna, 1116; Anderson, J.C., (1985), pp. 5-7. , Teenage depression and suicide. Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium 1985 of the Friends of the Otago Medical School Trust. Health in Adolescence and Youth; Langley, J.D., Reducing motor vehicle related injuries (1985) Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium 1985 of the Friends of the Otago Medical School Trust, pp. 8-10. , Health in Adolescence and Youth; McWhirter, J.L., Reference ranges for enzyme data (1986) Proceedings of the Pacific Statistical Congress, pp. 65-86. , Editors:, I.S. Travers, B.F.T. Manley, F.C. Lam,. Amsterdam:, Elsevier; Silva, P.A., (1988), p. 29. , The prevalence of otitis media with effusion in New Zealand children and some long term consequences for development: a longitudinal study. Abstracts of the 19th International Congress of Audiology, Jerusalem, Israel; Stewart, L.A., Silva, P.A., Williams, S.M., A longitudinal study of possible pre‐cholesteatoma states in 800 Dunedin children Proceedings of the Copenhagen Cholesteatmos Conference, June 1988, , Amsterdam:, Kugler; McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., Is childhood depression associated with cognitive academic impairment Proceedings of the XXIV International Congress of Psychology: 1989, , Editors:, P.F. Lovibond, P. Wilson,. Amsterdam:, Elsevier; Silva, P.A., (1976), p. 434. , A thousand Dunedin three year olds. A multidisciplinary study of child development: a research report presented to the Medical Research Council of New Zealand, pages; Silva, P.A., (1978), The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study: selected publications 1973–1978, (113 pages); Silva, P.A., (1978), The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study; unpublished papers and reports 1972–78, (368 pages); Langley, J., Dodge, J., Silva, P.A., (1987), Accidents among Dunedin children. An interim report to the Accident Compensation Commission, (44 pages); Langley, J., Dodge, J., Silva, P.A., (1979), Child accidents: selected papers from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study presented to the ACC, (149 pages); Silva, P.A., (1979), Papers presented to the Department of Education in fulfilment of a research contract, (159 pages); Silva, P.A., Gibson, M., (1979), A study of the effect of an educational intervention programme on the language and intelligence of developmentally delayed preschool children. A report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study submitted to the Department of Education, (104 pages); Birkbeck, J.A., Guthrie, A.M., Herbert, C.H., A longitudinal study of child nutrition, growth and development at ages 5, 6, and 7 years (1980) A progress report to the National Children's Health Research Foundation, , Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, (72 pages); Silva, P.A., (1980), Papers presented to the Department of Education in fulfilment of a contract, (176 pages); Gibson, M.H., Silva, P.A., (1981), The Otago Preschool Project: a description of the educational intervention programme, the intervention process, and the response of the parents involved. A report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study presented to the Department of Education, (240 pages); Silva, P.A., (1981), The long term effects of a preschool intervention programme for language delayed children. An interim report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study presented to the Department of Education in fulfilment of a research contract, (24 pages); Silva, P.A., The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study: selected publications, (172 pages)., 19791981; Silva, P.A., McGee, R.O., Williams, S.M., From birth to seven: Child Development in Dunedin: a multidisciplinary study. A report to the Medical Research Council of New Zealand, the National Children's Health Research Foundation and the Departments of Health and Education (803 pages); Silva, P.A., Simpson, A., (1982), Recommendations for screening children for health and development problems: an invitational paper for the Deputy Director General, Department of Health: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, (30 pages); Adler, C.J., Silva, P.A., (1982), A preliminary study of the written language of nine year olds: a report to the Department of Education in partial fulfilment of a research contract, (185 pages); Oei, T.G., Brasch, P.E., Silva, P.A., (1982), A preliminary report on the extent and history of smoking among Dunedin nine year olds and their knowledge of the health and other implications of cigarette smoking. A report to the Department of Education in partial fulfilment of a research contract, (13 pages); Silva, P.A., Casswell, S., Brasch, P.E., (1982), A preliminary report of the extent and history of drinking alcohol among Dunedin nine year olds and their knowledge of the health and other implications of drinking alcohol. A report to the Department of Education in partial fulfilment of a research contract, (13 pages); Silva, P.A., (1983), Provisional annotated bibliography of publications and reports from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit 1975–1982, (103 pages); Clymer, P., Silva, P.A., (1983), A study of the stability of high intelligence, some characteristics of highly intelligent nine year old children and the prediction of high intelligence. Unpublished report presented to the Department of Education in partial fulfilment of a research contract, (34 pages); Silva, P.A., A pilot study of blood lead levels in Dunedin eleven year old children: methodology, results, factors associated with variations in blood lead levels and associations between blood lead levels and intelligence, educational attainment and behavioural problems, 1984. Available from the University of Otago Medical Library (60 pages); Adler, C.J., (1985), The development of descriptive criteria and an assessment of children's written language. A report presented to the Department of Education in partial fulfilment of a research contract, (346 pages); McGee, R., Response rates at Phase XI of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Unpublished report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, 1985. Available from the University of Otago Medical Library (8 pages); Langley, J.L., McLoughlin, E., (1986), Review of unintentional injury in New Zealand. Report to the Medical Research Council of New Zealand, (203 pages); McGee, R.O., The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit: selected publications 1981–1986, 1986. Unpublished report available from the University of Otago Medical Library (539 pages); Chalmers, D., Stewart, I.A., Silva, P.A., (1986), Otitis media with effusion in Dunedin children: a multidisciplinary longitudinal study. Report to the Medical Research Council of New Zealand, (300 pages); Birkbeck, J.A., (1986), Child nutrition, growth and development: a project as part of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, (61 pages); Silva, P.A., (1988), Report of an investigation of the Victorian scope project. A report presented to the Department of Education, the Department of Labour and IBM (New Zealand), (96 pages); Silva, P.A., 4000 Otago teenagers: a preliminary report from the Pathways to Employment Project, 1987 (300 pages). (Note: This is still under embargo but may be requested from P.A. Silva.); Moffitt, T.E., (1988), Report of a factor analysis of neuropsychological measures used in Phase XIII of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, (50 pages); Stanton, W.R., (1989), Data directory for Phases XIII and XV of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, (254 pages); Stanton, W.R., Silva, P.A., Oei, T.P.S., (1989), The origins and development of an addictive behaviour: a longitudinal study of smoking. A report presented to the Department of Health, (167 pages); Calvert, B., (1989), Preparing for parenting: 846 hfteen year olds' opinions. A report presented to the New Zealand Department of Education, (121 pages); Wright, W.K., (1977), An investigation into the diet and anthropometric status of Dunedin five year olds. (A preliminary investigation as part of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study). Unpublished BSc thesis presented to the University of Otago; Silva, P.A., (1978), Some neurological and psychological characteristics of children who were preterm and small for gestational age. Unpublished PhD dissertation presented to the University of Otago; Williams, S., (1979), Automatic interaction detection. Unpublished paper submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a post‐graduate Diploma in Science, University of Otago; Paterson, D.J., (1979), An investigation into cardio‐vascular response in seven year old children under exercise. A special study in partial fulfilment of the Diploma of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, University of Otago; Evans, W., (1979), Dental epidemiology of five year old Dunedin children. Unpublished MDS thesis presented to the University of Otago; Simons, B., (1979), Children in hospital: a descriptive study of the experiences of Dunedin five year olds., Unpublished Dip. Psych. Med. thesis submitted to the University of Otago; Dodge, J.S., (1979), Social area analysis. A method for the demonstration of social variables for use in health services planning and evaluation. A PhD thesis presented to the University of Otago; Makinson, T.L., (1982), The treatment of enuresis in childhood. Unpublished B. Pharm. thesis, presented to the University of Otago; Langley, J.D., (1985), Family, behavioural, and developmental factors associated with unintentional childhood injuries. Unpublished PhD dissertation presented to the University of Otago; Yunus, N.N.N., (1985), The periodontal condition of twelve year old Dunedin children. Unpublished MDS thesis presented to the University of Otago; Mahalski, P.A., (1985), Children, cuddlies and comfort habits. Unpublished PhD thesis presented to the University of Otago; McWhirter, J.L., (1985), A Comparison of four methods used to calculate reference ranges. Unpublished MSSc dissertation presented to the University of Waikato; Quinn, M., (1986), Alcohol use by 665 Dunedin mothers. Unpublished MSc thesis presented to the University of Otago; Alder, CJ., (1986), The development of descriptive criteria and an assessment of children's written language. Unpublished MA thesis presented to the University of Otago; Poulton, R.G., (1988), The Rey Osterreith Complex Figure Test: the development of a measurement of strategy and examination of constant validity. Unpublished Msc thesis presented to the University of Otago; Anderson, J.C., (1988), DSM‐III disorders in eleven year old children. Unpublished PhD thesis presented to the University of Otago; Buckfield, P.M., Neonatal at risk factors (1972) New Zealand Medical Journal, 75, pp. 266-272; Burkheld, P.M., Malcolm, D.S., Mechanical positive pressure ventilation of the newborn (1972) New Zealand Medical Journal, 76, pp. 161-167; Buckfield, P.M., Major congenital faults in newborn infants: A pilot study in New Zealand (1973) New Zealand Medical Journal, 498, pp. 195-204; Buckheld, P.M., Perinatal events in the Dunedin city population 1967–73 (1978) New Zealand Medical Journal, 88, p. 244; Buckfield, P.M., (1978), The physical status of New Zealand infants at birth and delineation of factors affecting this status. Unpublished MD thesis presented to the University of Otago; Miller, F.J.W., Court, D.S.M., Walton, W.S., (1960) Growing Up in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , London:, Oxford University Press; Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Knox, E.G., (1974) The School Years in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , London:, Oxford University Press; Douglas, J.W.B., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children under Five, , London:, Allen and Unwin; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and School, , London:, MacGibbon and Key; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report from the National Child Development Study, , London:, Longman; Fogelman, K., (1976) Britain's Sixteen Year Olds, , London:, National Children's Bureau; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London:, Longman; Rutter, M., Graham, P., Yule, W., A Neuropsychiatric Study in Childhood. Little Club Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 35/36, , London:, Heinemann; Elley, W.B., Irving, J.C., A socio‐economic index for New Zealand based on levels of education and income from the 1966 Census (1972) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 7, pp. 153-167; (1982) Child Health and Child Health Services in New Zealand, , Wellington:, Department of Health; (1984) Recording Child Health and Development. A Handbook for Professionals Using the Health and Development Record, , Wellington:, Department of Health; (1989) Health or Tobacco: An End to Tobacco Advertising and Promotion, , Wellington:, Department of Health UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025261223&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1990.tb00621.x&partnerID=40&md5=8e7ed9e0811887de0ed2a72a9ec3fdbc ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term secular trends in initiation of cigarette smoking among Hispanics in the United States T2 - Public Health Reports J2 - PUBLIC HEALTH REP. VL - 104 IS - 6 SP - 583 EP - 587 PY - 1989 SN - 00333539 (ISSN) AU - Escobedo, L.G. AU - Remington, P.L. AU - Anda, R.F. AD - Off. of Surveillance Analysis, Cent. Chronic Dis. Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, United States AB - Preventing the initiation of cigarette smoking plays a vital role in reducing rates of cigarette smoking. The authors investigated trends in cigarette smoking initiation among Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, Puerto Rican Americans, compared with whites, by examining the cigarette smoking histories of adults from the 1982-83 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 1987 National Health Interview Survey. To evaluate these trends, they calculated the prevalence of cigarette smoking among 20-24-year-olds, an indicator of the rate of smoking initiation, in successive 5-year birth cohorts from 1908-12 to 1958-62 among Hispanics and from 1908-12 to 1963-67 among whites. Recently, rates of smoking initiation among Mexican American and Cuban American men have declined and converged with rates of initiation among white men. However, rates of initiation among Puerto Rican American men appeared to have remained unchanged since the 1950s. During the 1970s rates of smoking initiation among Cuban American and Puerto Rican American women surpassed those of white women. In the early 1980s, however, rates of initiation among these groups of Hispanic women have declined to levels comparable to or perhaps lower than the rates among white women. Although recently the rates among Mexican American women have been the lowest of all groups of women, they have not experienced appreciable declines. In general, rates of smoking initiation either declined or leveled off later for Hispanics than for whites. These results suggest that Hispanics tended to follow the smoking trends observed among whites and that special efforts are needed to prevent cigarette smoking among Hispanics. KW - adult KW - article KW - cigarette smoking KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - priority journal KW - united states KW - Adult KW - Cuba KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Human KW - Male KW - Mexico KW - Prevalence KW - Puerto Rico KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Smoking KW - United States N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PHRPA C2 - 2511591 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Escobedo, L.G.; Off. of Surveillance Analysis, Cent. Chronic Dis. Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, United States UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024832324&partnerID=40&md5=598330827578fd089408110525ac8d59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 663 EP - 668 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1093/ije/18.3.663 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Kuh, D. AU - Wadsworth, M. AD - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College London, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Department of Community Medicine, 66-72 Gower Street, London WCIE 6EA, United Kingdom AB - Kuh D (MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College London and The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Department of Community Medicine, 66-72 Gower Street, London WCIE 6EA, UK)and Wadsworth M. Parental height, childhood enivornment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort. International Journal of Epidemiology 1989, 18: 663-668.Low parental social class was associated with shorter adult stature in offspring in a national brith cohort, Since short adult stature is a risk factor for serious illness, particularly heart disease, origins of the observes class differences were sought in the childhood environment and in combined genetic and environmental factors represented by midparent height and birthweight. In addition to social class the childhood environmental factors of birth order, number of surviving younger siblings, overcrowding and mother's education were found to be significant and independent predictors of adult height, even after adjusting for parental heights and birthweight, and had therefore a long-term intragenerational effect. Both midparent height and birthweight constitute a combination of environmental and genetic influences, and therefore to some extent are an intergenerational effect. Improvements in environmental factors are thus likely to reduce social variation in adult height for both intra and intergenerational reasons. © 1989 International Epidemiological Association. KW - adult KW - body weight KW - child KW - child development KW - child parent relation KW - cohort analysis KW - environmental health KW - family life KW - human KW - methodology KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - short stature KW - short survey KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Crowding KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Parents KW - Social Class KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :121 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 2807671 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.; MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College London, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Department of Community Medicine, 66-72 Gower Street, London WCIE 6EA, United Kingdom N1 - References: Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality. The Norwegian Experience (1984) Acta Med Scand; Notkola, V., Punsar, S., Karvonen, M.J., Haapakoslti, J., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland (1985) Soc Sci and Med, 21, pp. 517-523; Emanuel, I., Maternal health during childhood and later reproductive performance (1986) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 477, pp. 27-39; Baird, D., The epidemiology of low birthweight: Changes in incidence in Aberdeen 1948-72 (1974) J Bio Soc Sci, 6, pp. 323-341; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh, E and S Livingstone; Peck, A., Vagero, D., Adult body height and childhood socioeconomic group in the Swedish population (1987) J Epidemiol Com Health, 41, pp. 333-337; Walker, M., Shaper, A.G., Wamamohee, G., Height and social dass in middle-aged British men (1988) J of Epidemiol Com Health, 42, pp. 299-303; Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early yean of life (1986) Quart J Soc Affairs, 2, pp. 397-413; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weight of Adults in Great Britain, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Social Survey Division. London, HMSO; Hulanicka, B., Kotlarz, K., The final phase of growth in height (1983) Ann Human Biol, 10, pp. 429-434; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, pp. 94-155. , 2nd edn. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications; Johnston, F.E., Somatic growth of the infant and preschool child (1986) Human Growth. A Comprehensive Treatise., 2, pp. 3-24. , Falkner F and Tanner J M, edj, 2nd edn. London, Plenum Press; Bailey, D.A., Malina, R.M., Mirwald, R.L., Physical activity and growth of the child (1986) Human Growth. A Comprehensive Treatise, 2, pp. 147-170. , Falkner F, Tanner J M, eds, 2nd edn. London, Plenum Press; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height ofseven year old children—results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Alunan, D.G., Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1978) J of Epidemiol Com Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br Med Bull., 37 (3), pp. 265-272; Atkins, E., Cher, H., Douglas, J.W.B., Kieman, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth cohort: An account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 25-30. , Mednick S A, Baert A E, Oxford, Oxford University Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Follow-up of the first national birth cohort: Findings from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (1987) Paed Perinatal Epidemiol, 1, pp. 95-117; (1970) Classification of Occupations, , London, HMSO; Douglas, J., (1964) The Home and the School, , London, MacGibbonand Kee; Braddon, F., Wadsworth, M., Davies, J.M.C., Cripps, H.A., Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort (1988) J Epidemiol Com Health, 42, pp. 341-349; Douglas, J.W.B., (1958) Children under Five, , London, George Allen and Unwin; Preece, M.A., Growth measurements as indicators of health status (1986) The Health and Development of Children, , Miles H B, Still E. The Eugenics Society. Natterton Books Ltd; Hewitt, D., Westropp, D.K., Acheson, R.M., Oxford child health survey. Effect of childish ailments on skeletal development (1955) Br J Prevent and Soc Med, 9, pp. 179-186; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Serious illness in childhood and its association with later-life achievement (1986) Class and Health, , Wilkinson R G ed. London, Tavistock Publications; Himes, J.H., Roche, A.F., Thissen, D., Parent specific adjustmenu for assessment of recumbent length and stature (1981) Paed Mono, p. 13. , Basel, New York, Karger; Barker, D., Osmond, C., Inequalities in health in Britain: Specific explanations in three Lancashire towns (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 749-752; Illsley, R.I., Mitchell, R.G., (1984) Lowbirthwelght. A Medical, Psychological, and Social Study, , New York, John Wiley and Sons Ltd; Barker, D., Osmond, C., Infant mortality, childhood nutrition and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 1077-1081 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024452710&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f18.3.663&partnerID=40&md5=9ea21b76a32bb2c376861ce10dd6cc1c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stomach Cancer among New Mexico's American Indians, Hispanic Whites, and Non-Hispanic Whites T2 - Cancer Research J2 - Cancer Res. VL - 49 IS - 6 SP - 1595 EP - 1599 PY - 1989 SN - 00085472 (ISSN) AU - Wiggins, C.L. AU - Becker, T.M. AU - Key, C.R. AU - Samet, J.M. AD - New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States AD - Interdepartmental Program in Epidemiology, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States AD - Department of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States AD - Department of Family, Community, and Emergency Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States AD - Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States AB - Stomach cancer incidence rates vary by ethnic group in New Mexico, with American Indians and Hispanic Whites at higher risk than the state's non-Hispanic White population. To further characterize the descriptive epidemiology of this disease in New Mexico, we investigated temporal trends in stomach cancer mortality and incidence rates. Stomach cancer mortality rates declined over a 25-year period (1958-1982) among New Mexico's Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites. Birth cohort analysis suggests that much of the decline was achieved prior to 1968. Stomach cancer mortality rates did not drop among American Indians during the same period. Stomach cancer incidence rates remained constant for Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Whites, and American Indian males over a 13-year period (1969-1982), but more than doubled among American Indian females. Although environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of stomach cancer, little is currently known about the distribution of such risk factors among the ethnic groups described in this report. The environmental and biological correlates of sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status that determine stomach cancer risk merit further investigation in New Mexico. © 1989, American Association for Cancer Research. All rights reserved. KW - cancer incidence KW - controlled study KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - stomach cancer KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Caucasoid Race KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Female KW - Human KW - Indians, North American KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - New Mexico KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Stomach Neoplasms KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :39 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2924310 LA - English N1 - References: Correa, P., Haenszel, W., Tannenbaum, S., Epidemiology of gastric carcinoma: review and future prospects (1982) Natl. Cancer Inst Monogr., 62, pp. 129-134; Howson, C.P., Hiyama, T., Wynder, E.L., The decline in gastric cancer: epidemiology of an unplanned triumph (1986) Epidemiol. Rev., 8, pp. 1-27; Nomura, A.S., (1982) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 624-637. , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; Waterhouse, J., Muir, C., Shanmugaratnam, K., Powell, J., (1982) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, IARC Scientific Publication No. 42, 4, pp. 706-707. , Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Page, H.S., Asire, A.J., (1985) Cancer Rates and Risks, NIH Publication No. 85–691, p. 28; Sondik, E., Young, J., Horm, J., Gloeckler-Ries, L., (1988) Annual Cancer Statistics Review Including Cancer Trends: 1950–1985, pp. II.5-II.8. , Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; Horm, J.W., Asire, A.J., Young, J.L., Jr., Pollack, E.S., (1984) SEER Program: Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States 1973–81, NIH Publication No. 85–1837, , Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; (1957) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. Based on the Recommendations of the Seventh Revision Conference, 1955, , Geneva: WHO; (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. Based on the Recommendations of the Eighth Revision Conference, 1965, , Geneva: WHO; (1977) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death. Based on the Recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975, , Geneva: WHO; (1976) International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, , Geneva: WHO; Samet, J.M., Wiggins, C.L., Key, C.R., Becker, T.M., Mortality from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in New Mexico, 1958–1982 (1988) Am. J. Public Health, 78, pp. 1182-1186; (1960) Vital Statistics of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office; (1965) Vital Statistics of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office; (1970) Vital Statistics of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office; (1975) Vital Statistics of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office; (1980) Vital Statistics of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office; Cutler, S.J., Young, J.L., Jr., Third National Cancer Survey: Incidence Data, NIH Publication No. 75–787 (1975) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 41, p. 22; Savitz, D.A., Changes in Spanish surname cancer rates relative to other Whites, Denver area, 1969–71 to 1979–81 (1986) Am. J. Public Health, 76, pp. 1210-1215; Suarez, L., Martin, J., (1987) Epidemiology of Cancer Mortality in Texas, 1969–1980, pp. 25-32. , Austin, TX: Texas Department of Health; Menck, H.R., Cancer incidence in the Mexican American (1977) Natl. Cancer Inst Monogr., 47, pp. 103-106; Reichenbach, D.D., Autopsy incidence of diseases among southwestern American Indians (1967) Arch. Pathol., 84, pp. 81-86; Smith, R.L., Salsbury, C.G., Gilliam, A.G., Recorded and expected mortality among the Navajo, with special reference to cancer (1956) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 17, pp. 77-89; Sievers, M.L., Cancer of the digestive system among American Indians (1976) Ariz. Med., 33, pp. 15-20; Muggia, A.L., Diseases among the Navajo Indians (1971) Rocky Mt. Med. J., 68, pp. 39-49; Creagan, E.T., Fraumeni, J.F., Jr., Cancer mortality among American Indians, 1950–67 (1972) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 49, pp. 959-967; (1981) Census of Population: 1980. General Social and Economic Characteristics: New Mexico, Final Report PC80-1–C33, , Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office; Gittelsohn, A., Royston, P., (1982) Annotated bibliography of cause-of-death validation studies, 1958–1979. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 2, No. 89. Department of Health and Human Services Publication No. (PHS) 82–1363, , Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, September; Percy, C., Stanek, E., III, Gloeckler, L., Accuracy of cancer death certificates and its effect on cancer mortality statistics (1981) Am. J. Public Health, 77, pp. 242-250; Howard, C.A., Samet, J.M., Buechley, R.W., Schrag, S.D., Key, C.R., Survey research in New Mexico Hispanics: some methodological issues (1983) Am. J. Epidemiol., 117, pp. 27-34; Giachello, A.L., Bell, R., Aday, L.A., Anderson, R.M., Uses of the 1980 census for Hispanic health services research (1983) Am. J. Public Health, 73, pp. 266-274; Passel, J.S., Provisional evaluation of the 1970 census count of American Indians (1976) Demography, 13, pp. 397-409 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024574087&partnerID=40&md5=0e88e9790cb0a83cd08e4213b7e5ab2d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increase of ectopic pregnancy in finland— combination of time and cohort effects T2 - Obstetrics and Gynecology J2 - Obstet. Gynecol. VL - 73 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 24 PY - 1989 SN - 00297844 (ISSN) AU - Mäkinen, J.I. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital of Turku, Finland AB - The marked increase of ectopic pregnancy in Finland was studied in 5-year age groups from 1968-1984. In the early 1970s, the overall increase was attributable to women under 30 years of age, and in the early 1980s to women aged 30 years or more. The increase in the incidence rate of ectopic pregnancy per 100,000 women has taken place somewhat successively since the late 1960s in women aged 20-24, 25- 29, 30-34, and 35-39 years. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy per 100,000 women increased by every successive 5-year cohort born since the late 1930s up to the cohort born in 1954-1958; thereafter, the birth cohorts have experienced an equal or even lower risk of ectopic pregnancy. The findings suggest that the large “baby boom” cohort (born in 1945-1954), with its high risk of ectopic pregnancy, is mainly responsible for the overall increase in the number of ectopic pregnancies seen in the past decade. When these cohorts end their reproductive years, the marked increase in the number of ectopic pregnancies in Finland may decrease, but the incidence rates will probably stay stable. © 1989 The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. KW - age KW - ectopic pregnancy KW - female KW - finland KW - human KW - incidence KW - major clinical study KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Human KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Ectopic KW - Risk Factors KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2783261 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mäkinen, J.I.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, Turku 52, SF, 20520, Finland N1 - References: Weckstein, L.N., Current perspective on ectopic pregnancy (1985) Obstet Gynecol Surv, 40, p. 259; DeCherney, A.H., (1986) Ectopic Pregnancy, pp. 1-13. , First edition. Rockville, MD, Aspen; Mäkinen, J.I., Ectopic pregnancy in Finland 1967–1983: A massive increase (1987) Br Med J, 294, p. 740; Chavkin, W., The rise in ectopic pregnancy—exploration of possible reasons (1982) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 20, p. 341; Barnes, A.B., Wennberg, C.N., Barnes, B.A., Ectopic pregnancy: Incidence and review of determinant factors (1983) Obstet Gynecol Surv, 38, p. 345; (1967) Hospital Discharge Registry, , Helsinki, National Board of Health of Finland, Year Book; Tatum, H.J., Schmidt, F.H., Contraceptive and sterilization practices and extrauterine pregnancy: A realistic perspective (1977) Fertil Steril, 28, p. 407; Weström, L., Bengtsson, L.P.H., Mârdh, P.-A., Incidence, trends, and risk of ectopic pregnancy in a population of women (1981) Br Med J, 282, p. 15; (1982) Ectopic Pregnancy Surveillance, 1970–1978, , Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control; Rubin, G.L., Peterson, H.B., Dorfman, S.F., Ectopic pregnancy in the United States, 1970 through 1978 (1983) JAMA, 249, p. 1725; Hockin, J.C., Jessamine, A.G., Trends in ectopic pregnancy in Canada (1984) Can Med Assoc J, 131, p. 737; (1969) Classification Morborum Et Causarum Mortis, , Helsinki, National Board of Health of Finland; (1968) Population 1967–1984, Series VI A, , Helsinki, Central Statistical Office of Finland, Year Book; Iffy, L., Contribution of the pathological mechanism of ovarian, abdominal and cervical pregnancies (1962) Gynaecologia, 153, p. 188; Niles, J.H., Clark, J.F.J., Pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy (1969) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 105, p. 1230; Meirik, O., Ectopic pregnancy during 1961–78 in Uppsala county, Sweden. Impact of demographic factors on overall incidence (1981) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 60, p. 545; Beral, V., An epidemiological study of recent trends in ectopic pregnancy (1975) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 82, p. 775; DeCherney, A.H., Jones, E.E., Ectopic pregnancy (1985) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 28, p. 365; (1981) Health Services, Series XI, , Year Book Helsinki, National Board of Health of Finland, Year Book; Weström, L., Incidence, prevalence, and trends of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in industrialized countries (1980) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 138, p. 880; Urquhart, J., Effect of the venereal diseases epidemic on the incidence of ectopic pregnancy—implications for the evaluation of contraceptives (1979) Contraception, 19, p. 455 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024552468&partnerID=40&md5=190bb5a51723c9b029ed2d4989c8d356 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender and Housing: Broadening the Debate T2 - Housing Studies J2 - Hous. Stud. VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 17 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1080/02673038908720639 SN - 02673037 (ISSN) AU - Munro, M. AU - Smith, S.J. AD - Glasgow University Centre for Housing Research, United Kingdom AB - This paper explores some factors associated with gender differences in housing attainment amongst young adults in Britain. It is based on an analysis of the National Child Development Survey - a birth cohort aged 23 at the last round of interviews. Focusing on independent households who have achieved ownership or public renting, this study examines the relative importance of labour market position, family structure and inheritance in determining access to one or other of these tenure sectors. Using a set of logit models, the paper draws attention to the different housing experiences of men and women, with and without children, at an early stage in the housing career. © 1989, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. KW - family structure KW - gender differences KW - housing KW - labour market position KW - National Child Development Survey KW - ownership KW - public renting KW - tenure sectors KW - UK N1 - Cited By :35 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - References: Allport, C., Women and suburban housing (1983), pp. 64-87. , P. Williams (ed) Social process and the city, Sydney. Allen and Unvvin; Austerberry, H., Watson, S., Women on the margins (1983), London: City University Housing Research Group; Baldsock, C., Cass, B., Women, social welfare and the state (1983), London Allen and Unwin; Brailey, M., Women's access to council housing (1986) Occasional Paper, 25. , Glasgow: The Planning Exchange; Brion, M., Tinker, A., Women in housing: access and influence (1980), London: Housing Centre Trust; Clapham, D., Kintrea, K., Rationing choice and constraint: the allocation of public housing in Glasgow (1986) Journal of Social Policy, 15, pp. 51-67; Crompton, R., Mann, M., Gender and stratification (1986), Cambridge: Polity Press; Women and Homelessness (1985), Cyrenians (London: National Cyrenians Women and Homelessness Group; Dale, J., Foster, P., Feminists and state welfare (1986), London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Department of Employment (1986) New Earnings Survey, , London: HMSO; Forrest, R., The social implications of council house sales (1982) J. English (ed) The Future of Council Housing, pp. 97-114. , London: Croom Helm; Francis, J.G., Payne, C., The use of the logistic model in political science: British Elections, 1964—1970 (1977) Political Methodology, 4, pp. 233-270; Gilbert, J., Not just a roof (1986), Birmingham: Birmingham Standing Conference for the Single Homeless; Goodman, L.A., A model for the analysis of surveys (1972) American Journal of Sociology, 77, pp. 1035-1086; Black women and housing (1984) Unpublished report by the Director General, , Greater London Council (; Haberman, S.J., The analysis of frequency data (1974), Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Hayden, D., What would a non-sexist city be like? Speculations on housing, urban design and human work (1980) Signs, 5, pp. 5171-5187; Henderson, J., Kam, V., Race, class and state housing (1987), Aldershot: Gower; Hensher, D.A., Johnson, L.W., Applied Discrete Modelling (1981), London: Croom Helm; Immigration Widows Campaign (1984) Trial by separation., , London: IWC; Leavitt, J., The shelter-service crisis and single parents (1985) The Unsheltered Woman, pp. 153-176. , Birch, E. L. (ed) New Jersey: Centre for Urban Policy Research; McDowell, L., Towards an understanding of the gender division of urban space (1983) Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 1, pp. 59-72; McGregor, A., Area externalities and unemployment (1979) Urban Deprivation and the Inner City, pp. 92-112. , Jones, C. (ed) London: Croom Helm; Martin, J., Roberts, C., Women and unemployment: a lifetime perspective (1984) Department of Employment, OPCS, , London: HMSO; Morrow-Jones, H.A., The geography of housing elderly and female households (1986) Urban Geography, 7, pp. 263-269; Munro, M., Housing and labour market interactions, a review (1987), Discussion Paper 12, Centre for Housing Research Glasgow University: Glasgow; Murphy, M., Sullivan, O., Unemployment, housing and household structure among young adults (1986) Journal of Social Policy, 15, pp. 205-222; Omarshah, S., Asian women and housing London: ASHA Asian Women's Aid Research Project; Payne, C., The log linear model for contingency tables. O’Muircheartaigh, C. A and Payne, C. (eds) (1977) The Analysis of Survey Data, 2, pp. 105-144. , London: Wiley and Sons; Payne, J., Payne, G., Housing pathways and stratification: a study of life chances in the housing market (1977) Journal of Social Policy, 6, pp. 129-156; Saegart, S., Masculine cities and feminine suburbs: polarised ideas, contradictory realities (1980) Signs, 5, pp. 596-611; Schafer, R., Ladd, H., Discrimination in Mortgage Lending (1981), Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; Shear, W.B., Yezer, A.M.J., Discrimination in urban housing finance: an empirical study across cities (1985) Land Economics, 61, pp. 292-302; Ungerson, C., (1985) Women in social policy: a reader., , London: Macmillan; Vincent, J.n.d., The housing needs of young single mothers Social Policy Research Ltd ; Warr, M., Fear of victimisation: Why are women and the elderly more afraid? (1984) Social Science Quarterly, 65, pp. 691-702; Watson, S., Women and Housing or Feminist Housing Analysis (1986) Housing Studies 1:1-10.; Watson, S., Housing and the family - the marginalization of noon-family households in Britain (1986) In- temational Journal of Urban and Regional Research., 10, pp. 8-28; Watson, S., Austerberry, H., Housing and homelessness (1986), London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Watson, S., Helliwell, C., Home ownership - are women excluded? (1985) Australian Quarterly, 57, pp. 21-31; Williams, F., Social policy, a critical introduction: issues of class, race and gender Cambridge: Polity Press; Wilson, E., Women and the Welfare State. London (1977), Tavistock; Wilson, E., What is to be done about violence against women? (1983), Harmondsworth: PenguinUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024462948&doi=10.1080%2f02673038908720639&partnerID=40&md5=d9f96e1b70d14e0c08e86df7dbdcd359 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural history of cervical neoplasia: Consistent results obtained by an identification technique T2 - British Journal of Cancer J2 - Br. J. Cancer VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 132 EP - 141 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1038/bjc.1989.236 SN - 00070920 (ISSN) AU - Gustafsson, L. AU - Adami, H.-O. AD - Teknikurn, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 5-751 21, Sweden AD - Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden AB - Swedish population-based incidence and mortality rates for cancer of the uterine cervix, both in situ and invasive, during the period 1958 to 1981 were determined by means of a dynamic model. This new approach describes without any preconceptions the development of the disease as a sequential process over the stages cancer in situ, invasive cancer before and after diagnosis, and death. The strong disurbance of the steady-state situation that occurred after the introduction of cytological mass screening in the early 1960s permitted the use of a computerized identification technique. The whole natural history of cervical cancer could thus be identified and described consistently, with the mutual compatibility between statistical data, structure, parameters, and the states and flows between the states. The estimated age-specifc incidence of cancer in situ increased rapidly to a maximum of 650 per 105 woman-years at the age of 30 years, after which it declined, and that of invasive cancer to a maximum of 55 per 105 at the age of 43. The natural history of cervical neoplasia did not differ appreciably between eight successive 5-year birth cohorts. The proportion of cases of new cancer in situ that progressed to invasive cancer was 12.2%, with a mean duration of the in situ stage in these cases of 13.3 years. The precinical phase of the invasive stage (without screening) lasted on average about 4 years. © The MacMillan Press Ltd., 1989. KW - advanced cancer KW - age KW - cancer screening KW - carcinoma in situ KW - computer analysis KW - female KW - human KW - priority journal KW - sweden KW - theoretical study KW - uterine cervix cancer KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Carcinoma in Situ KW - Cervix Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Mathematics KW - Methods KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasm Invasiveness KW - Sweden KW - Vaginal Smears N1 - Cited By :81 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2803910 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gustafsson, L.; Teknikurn, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 5-751 21, Sweden N1 - References: Albert, A., Estimated cervical cancer disease state incidence and transition rates (1981) J. Natl Cancer Inst., 67, p. 572; Ashley, D., Evidence for the existence of two forms of cervical carcinoma (1966) J. Obstet. Gvnaecol. Br. Commonw., 73, p. 382; Bailar, J.-C., Uterine cancer in Connecticut. Late deaths among 5-year survivors (1961) J. Natl Cancer Inst., 27, p. 239; Barron, B.A., Cahill, M.C., Richart, R.-M., A statistical model of the natural history of cervical neoplastic disease: The duration of carcinoma in situ. Gynecol (1978) Oncol., 6, p. 196; Bibbo, M., Keebler, C.M., Wied, G.L., Prevalence and incidence rates of cervical atypia (1971) J. Reprod. Med., 6, p. 79; Bigelow, J.H., The natural history of cervical cancer (1975) Proceedings of the Joint IIASA WHO Workshop on Screening for Cervical Cancer, p. 15. , International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis: Laxenburg; Bourne, R.G., Grove, W.D., Invasive carcinoma of the cervix in Queensland. Med (1983) J. Aust., 1, p. 156; Box, G., Jenkins, G.M., (1970) Time Series Analysis Forecasting and Control, , Holden-Day: New York; Boyes, D.A., Fidler, K.H., Lock, D.-R., Significance of in situ carcinoma of the uterine cervix (1962) Br. J. Cancer, 16, p. 203; Boyes, D.A., Morrison, B., Knox, E.G., Draper, G.J., Miller, A.B., A cohort study of cervical cancer screening in British Columbia. Clin. Invest (1982) Med., 5, p. 1; Cervical cancer screening programs (1976) Can. Med. Assoc. J., 114, p. 1003; (1981) National Board of Health and Welfare, pp. 1960-1984. , The Cancer Registry: Stockholm; (1981) National Central Bureau of Statistics: Stockholm, pp. 1960-1983; Chamberlain, J., Failures of the cervical cytology screening programme (1984) Br. Med. J., 289, p. 853; Cook, G.A., Draper, G.J., Trends in cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ in Great Britain (1984) Br. J. Cancer, 50, p. 367; Coppleson, L.W., Brown, B., Estimation of the screening error rate from the observed detection rates in repeated cervical cytology (1974) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 19, p. 953; Coppleson, L.W., Brown, B., Observations on a model of the biology of carcinoma of the cervix (1975) Am. J. Obstet. Gyinecol., 122, p. 127; Draper, G.J., Cook, G.A., Changing patterns of cervical cancer rates (1983) Br. Med. J., 287, p. 510; Duguid, H., Duncan, I.D., Currie, J., Screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Dundee and Angus 1962-81 and its relation with invasive cervical cancer (1985) Lancet, Ii, p. 1053; Dunn, J.E., The relationship between carcinoma-in-situ and invasive cervical carcinoma (1953) Cancer, 6, p. 873; Dunn, J.E., Martin, P.L., Morphogenesis of cervical cancer. Findings from San Diego county cytology registry (1967) Cancer, 20, p. 1899; Eddy, D., Shwartz, M., Mathematical models in screening (1982) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, p. 1075. , Schottenfeld & Fraumeni, Saunders: Philadelphia; Eykhoff, P., (1974) System Identification - Parameter and State Estimation, , John Wiley & Sons: Chichester; Fidler, H.K., Boyes, D.A., Worth, A.J., Cervical cancer detection in British Columbia (1968) J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Common, 75, p. 392; Gustafsson, L., (1983) Model Building and Simulation in DYNAMO (In Swedish). UPTEC 8376K, , Department of Technology, University of Uppsala; Gustafsson, L., The natural history of cancer of the cervix uteri. A simulation study based on Swedish statistics for 1958-198 1 (1986) Uppsala University Computing Center, UPTEC 8607R, Uppsala; Habema, J., Lubbe, J., Vader Maas, P.J., Vaoortmarssen, G.J., A computer simulation approach to the evaluation of mass screening (1983) Medinfo 1983, p. 1222. , Van Bemmel, J.H., Ball, MJ. & Wigertz, O, IFIP/IMIA: Amsterdam; Hakama, M., Pentinnen, J., Epidemiological evidence for two components of cervical cancer (1981) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 88, p. 209; Hakama, M., Chamberlain, J., Day, N.E., Miller, A.-B., Prorok, P.C., Evaluation of screening programmes for gynaecological cancer (1985) Br. J. Cancer, 52, p. 669; Screening for squamous cervical cancer duration of low risk after negative results of cervical cytology and its implication for screening policies (1986) Br. Med. J., 293, p. 659; Imsl, L., (1982) Volwues 1-4, 9Th Edn; Kashgarian, M., Dunn, J.E., The duration of intraepithelial and preclinical squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (1970) Am. J. Epidemiol., 92, p. 783; Kasper, T.A., Smith, E., Cooper, P., Clayton, J., Todd, D., An analysis of the prevalence and incidence of gynecologic cancer cytologically detected in a population of 175, 767 women (1970) Acta Cytol., 14, p. 261; Kessler, I.I., Perspectives on the epidemiology of cervical cancer with special reference to the herpesvirus hypothesis (1974) Cancer Res., 34, p. 1091; Kno, E.G., Computer simulation studies of alternative population screening policies (1975) Systems Aspects of Health Planning, , Bailey, N.TJ. Thompson, M. (eds). North-Holland: Amsterdam; Knox, E.G., Cancer of the uterine cervix (1982) Trends in Cancer Incidence, p. 271. , Causes and Practical Implications, Magnus, K, McGraw-Hill: New York; Koss, L.G., (1979) Diagnostic Cytology and Its Histopathologic Bases, p. 285. , Lippincott: Philadelphia; Ljung, L., System Identification: Theory for the User (1987) Prentice Hall, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ; Laara, E., Day, N.E., Hakama, M., Trends in mortality from cervical cancer in the nordic countries: Association with organised screening programmes (1987) Lancet, Is, p. 1247; Mattsson, B., Wallgren, A., Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register. Non-notified cancer cases recorded on death certificates in 1978. Acta Radiol (1984) Oncol., 23, p. 305; Miller, A.B., The Canadian experience of cervical cancer incidence trends and a planned natural history investigation (1982) Trends in Cancer Incidence, p. 311. , Causes and Practical Implications, Magnus, K, McGraw-Hill: New York; Principles and routines for gynecologic health examinations (1982) Report from Group of Experts of National Board of Health and Welfare (In Swedish). Stockholm; Population December 31 1957-1981. Stockholm. Annual Publications 1959-1983; Parkin, D.M., Hodgson, P., Clayden, A.D., Incidence and prevalence of preclinical carcinoma of cervix in a British population (1982) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 89, p. 564; Parkin, D.M., A computer simulation model for the practical planning of cervical cancer screening programmes (1985) Br. J. Cancer, 51, p. 551; Parkin, D.M., Moss, S.M., An evaluation of screening policies for cervical cancer in England and Wales using a computer simulation model (1986) J. Epidemiol. Comm. Hlth, 40, p. 143; Paterson, M., Peel, K.R., Joslin, C., Cervical smear histories of 500 women with invasive cervical cancer in Yorkshire (1984) Br. Med J., 289, p. 896; Petersen, O., Spontaneous course of cervical precancerous conditions (1956) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 72, p. 1063; Pettersson, F., Bjorkholm, E., Naslund, I., Evaluation of screening for cervical cancer in Sweden: Trends in incidence and mortality 1958-1980 (1985) Int. J. Epidemiol., 14, p. 521; Pugh, A., (1976) DYNAMO User's Manual. MIT Press, , Cambridge, MA; Robra, B.-P., Schwartz, F.W., Brecht, J.G., Evaluation of the screening program for cervical cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany from an epidemiological perspective (1985) Cancer Campaign, Vol. 8, Cancer of the Uterine Cervix, Grundmann, E. (Ed), p. 23. , Fischer Verlag: Stuttgart, New York; Thorn, J.B., Russell, E.M., Macgregor, J.E., Costs of detecting and treating cancer of the uterine cervix in northeast Scotland in 1971 (1975) Lancet, 1, p. 674; Wait, J.W., Clark, D., (1977) DARE-P User's Manual, Version 4.1, , University of Arizona. College of Engineering, Arizona; Yu, S.-Z., Miller, A.B., Sherman, G.J., Optimising the age. Number of tests and test interval for cervical cancer screening in Canada (1982) J. Epidemiol. Comm. Hlth, 36, p. 1 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024319994&doi=10.1038%2fbjc.1989.236&partnerID=40&md5=f08e413fcdc68d8f4cd225feea122755 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Weight-for-height in two national cohorts with particular reference to 10-year-old children T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 109 EP - 119 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1080/03014468700006962 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Thomas, P.W. AU - Peters, T.J. AU - Golding, J. AU - Haslum, M.N. AD - Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, United Kingdom AD - Department of Medical Computing and Statistics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom AB - The idea of representing obesity or degree of malnutrition using a weight-for-height power index has existed for many years and several authors believe that such an index should be uncorrelated with height. Data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 Child Health and Education Study have therefore been used to determine the values of the constant k which lead to the weight-for-height power index weight/[height]k being uncorrelated with height for specific age groups. Different values of k were needed both for the various age groups, and for the two sexes. For boys and girls respectively, the values of k needed at age 7 years were 2·02 and 2·12, at age 10 the values were 2·53 and 2·58, at age 11, 2·53 and 2·50 and at age 16, 2·42 and 1·71. Different values were also needed for West Indians and Asians and pubertal and pre-pubertal children. The relationships between this power index and other measurements of weight-for-height (including weight/height; weight/[height]2 - the Quetelet index; weight/[height]3 - the Ponderal index; relative weight for height, and standardized weight for height), the examining doctor's assessment of obesity and weight and height themselves were investigated for 10-year-old children born in 1970 to determine which of them could be thought of as best at estimating obesity. We found that there was little to choose between the index which was uncorrelated with height (using derived values of the power), and the Quetelet index. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - age KW - body height KW - body weight KW - female KW - human KW - human experiment KW - male KW - normal value KW - school child KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Obesity KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 2729888 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Thomas, P.W.; Institute of Child Health, University of BristolUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Benn, R.T., Some mathematical properties of weight-for-height indices used as measures of adiposity (1971) British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine, 25, pp. 42-50; Billewicz, W.Z., Kemsley, W.F.F., Thomson, A.M., Indices of adiposity (1962) British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine, 16, pp. 183-188; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Howlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British Births 1970: Obstetric Care, 2. , Heinemann Medical Books, London; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970: The First Week of Life, 1. , Heinemann Medical Books, London; Cole, T.J., Weight/heightP compared to weight/height2 for assessing adiposity in childhood: Influence of age and bone age on p during puberty (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13 (5), pp. 433-451; Forbes, G.B., Gallup, J., Hursh, J.B., Estimation of total body fat from potassium-40 content (1961) Science, 133, pp. 101-120; Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Adults in Great Britain, , HMSO, London; Ku, L.C., Shapiro, L.R., Crawford, P.B., Huenemann, R.L., Body composition and physical activity in 8-year-old children (1981) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34, pp. 2770-2775; MacDonald, F.C., Quetelet index as indicator of obesity (1986) Lancet, 1, p. 1043; Parizkova, J., Buzkova, P., Relationship between skinfold thickness measured by Harpenden caliper and densitometric analysis of total body fat in man (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 16-21; Roche, A.F., Siervogel, R.M., Chumlea, C., Webb, P., Grading body fatness from limited anthropometric data (1981) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34, pp. 2831-2838; Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Pequignot-Guggenbuhl, F., Fautrad, V., Adiposity indices in children (1982) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 36, pp. 178-184; Obesity (1983) Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, 17, pp. 3-58. , London; Slaughter, M.H., Lohman, T.G., Boileau, R.A., Relationship of anthropometric dimensions to lean body mass in children (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5 (5), pp. 469-482; Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W.B., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) British Medical Journal, 283, pp. 13-17; Womersley, J., Durnin, J.V.G.A., The assessment of obesity from measurements of skinfold thickness, limb circumferences, height and weight (1973) The regulation of the adipose tissue mass. Proceedings of the IV International Meeting of Endocrinology, Marseilles: Elsevier, , In UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024556766&doi=10.1080%2f03014468700006962&partnerID=40&md5=ae1aeed69467a96164122768588f0f53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cerebral palsy in two national cohort studies T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - Arch. Dis. Child. VL - 64 IS - 6 SP - 848 EP - 852 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1136/adc.64.6.848 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Emond, A. AU - Golding, J. AU - Peckhamt, C. AD - Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom AB - The prevalence of cerebral palsy in the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey and the 1970 British Births Survey remained constant at 2-5/1000 births (40 and 41 cases, respectively). The prevalence at 10 years was higher in the 1970 cohort in which all children with cerebral palsy survived, whereas 22% of the cases in the 1958 cohort died during the first 10 years of life. A case-control study matched three controls for social class, maternal age, parity and marital state, and a further three controls for the infant's sex, gestation, and birth weight. Comparison of cases and controls showed no consistent differences in social and environmental factors, history of pregnancy, labour, or delivery. Important differences were found in the incidence of respiratory and neurological symptoms in the neonatal period. These prospective data derived from two whole populations of births support the hypothesis that most cases of cerebral palsy are not associated with adverse obstetric factors, and confirm that neonatal neurological symptoms are associated with subsequent cerebral palsy. KW - cerebral palsy KW - child KW - forecasting KW - human KW - infant KW - morbidity KW - neurologic disease KW - newborn KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - respiratory tract disease KW - review KW - school child KW - survival KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Child KW - England KW - Female KW - Human KW - Pregnancy KW - Prospective Studies KW - Socioeconomic Factors PB - BMJ Publishing Group N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 2774617 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Emond, A.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024389495&doi=10.1136%2fadc.64.6.848&partnerID=40&md5=edd05806c4e59f3bbbcb3c9821a94431 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biosocial correlates of asthma in a national sample of young adults T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 475 EP - 482 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1017/S0021932000018216 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Kaplan, B.A. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States AD - University of Cambridge, Detroit, Michigan, United States AB - As the participants in the 1958 National Child Development Study cohort enter adulthood most of the social factors associated with onset of asthma are no longer relevant, but many of the biological factors continue to be important. There is a continuing association at age 23 between eczema, hayfever and similar allergic reactions and continuing asthma, while the earlier associated social factors including non-manual occupations, home ownership, and lack of crowding within the home or sharing of the bedroom with others in the household cease to have significant effects. Smoking patterns in this age group diverge sharply from what might be expected in those with a serious respiratory affliction: significantly more asthmatics smoke than would be expected at random. © 1989, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. KW - adult KW - allergy KW - asthma KW - eczema KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - smoking KW - social aspect KW - Adult KW - Asthma KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Human KW - Male KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Conditions N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2808475 LA - English N1 - References: Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain, , National Children's Bureau, London; Kaplan, B.A., Brush, G., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The relation of childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis in height, weight and body-mass index (1987) Hum. Biol., 59 (921); Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial factors in the epidemiology of childhood asthma in a British National Sample (1985) Br. J. Epidemiol, comm. Hlth, 39 (152); Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Asthma and wheezy bronchitis in a British national sample (1987) J. Asthma, 24 (289); Kaplan, B.A., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Asthma and wheezy bronchitis in adolescents: biosocial correlates (1988) J. Asthma, 25 (125) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024467210&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932000018216&partnerID=40&md5=0e6dfde7ca4f14ffd2c03436ee88a70b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Weight and age at menarche T2 - Archives of Disease in Childhood J2 - ARCH. DIS. CHILD. VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 383 EP - 387 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1136/adc.64.3.383 SN - 00039888 (ISSN) AU - Stark, O. AU - Peckham, C.S. AU - Moynihan, C. AD - Institute of Child Health, University of London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom AB - In the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) information on their age at menarche and their weights and heights measured at 7, 11, and 16 years was available for 4427 girls. The distribution of age at menarche was not influenced by social class. Weight adjusted for height did not play an important part in the timing of sexual maturation of the girls in the study. Relative weight (weight expressed as a percentage of standard weight) at the ages of 7 and 11 years explained only 3.2%, and 4.9%, respectively of the variation in age at mencharche, and changes in relative weight between these two ages accounted for 2%. Girls with early menarche were more likely to be overweight at ages 7, 11, and 16 years than those with late menarche, although early menarche was also reported by girls who were underweight or of average weight. These findings support the hypothesis that in well nourished populations the relation between menarche and body size is largely regulated by genetic factors and that nutrition is less important. KW - adolescent KW - age KW - body height KW - body weight KW - female KW - genetic association KW - human KW - menarche KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - sexual maturation N1 - Cited By :75 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADCHA C2 - 2705803 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024562969&doi=10.1136%2fadc.64.3.383&partnerID=40&md5=228a2ab48162d78773e190719db65542 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1080/03014468900000102 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Lasker, G.W. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Anatomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States AD - Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - By longitudinally linking follow-up restudies of the National Child Development Study it has been possible to examine not only the well-known association of social class with the size of the child, but also with longitudinal growth, and, in addition the effect of social mobility on growth. The relation of type of occupation of the male head of household to height and weight of the child is seen at all ages (7, 11 and 16) but class influence on growth from 7 years onward is minimal. Social mobility is a significant factor especially in relation to stature but is not significantly related to growth after age 7 so the effect of underlying conditions on the children precedes the change of type of occupation by their fathers. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - body growth KW - body height KW - body mass KW - child KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - social class KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Social Class KW - Social Mobility PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 2919857 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lasker, G.W.; Department of Anatomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States N1 - References: Bielicki, T., Szczotka, H., Charzewski, J., The influence of three socio-economic factors on body height in Polish military conscripts (1981) Human Biology, 53, pp. 543-555; Bogin, B.A., Macvean, R.B., Growth in height and weight of urban Guatemalan primary school children of low and high socioeconomic class (1978) Human Biology, 50, pp. 477-487; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Coleman, D.A., Some genetic inferences from the marriage system of Reading, Berkshire, and its surrounding area (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 55-76; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman, London; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , Macmillan for the National Children's Bureau, London; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children — results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Johnston, F.E., Somatic growth of the infant and preschool child (1986) Human Growth, 2, pp. 3-24. , Eds. F. Falkner, J.M. Tanner. Plenum Press, New YorkIn; Kaplan, B.A., Brush, G., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The relationship between asthma and wheezy bronchitis with height, weight and body mass index (1987) Human Biology, 59, pp. 921-932; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The interaction between geographical and social mobility (1984) Migration and Mobility, pp. 161-178. , Ed. A.J. Bruce. Taylor & Francis, LondonIn UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024505169&doi=10.1080%2f03014468900000102&partnerID=40&md5=ac14e5f96b535e03b8ac1f1d923b02b9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unemployment and family formation among young men T2 - Sociology J2 - Sociology VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 171 EP - 191 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1177/0038038589023002002 SN - 00380385 (ISSN) AU - Payne, J. AD - Policy Studies Institute, Department of Social and Administrative Studies, University of Oxford, United Kingdom AB - The relationship between domestic life and employment, clearly of great importance for women, has received little attention from sociologists as far as men are concerned. The paper investigates one aspect of this, namely the relationship between family formation and unemployment among young men. Using longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study, it provides evidence for the existence of direct causal links between family formation events and unemployment. After controlling for a variety of factors, marriage appears to reduce the probability of unemployment, and this is true even if the husband is in his teens when he marries. In contrast, marital breakdown and fathering one child raises the chances of unemployment. However fathers of two or more children have a higher probability of unemployment than childless men even before their first child is born, and this is even more marked for men with three or more children. This implies that by no means all of the correlation between family size and unemployment is explained by the fact that welfare benefits are related to the number of children: Part at least appears to be due to prior unobserved factors which explain both high fertility and a raised probability of unemployment. © 1989, British Sociological Association Publications Limited. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Payne, J.; Department of Social and Administrative Studies, University of Oxford, Barnett House, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom N1 - References: Ashton, D.N., Field, D., (1976) Young Workers, , London : Hutchinson; Atkinson, A.B., Micklewright, J., (1985) Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Duration, , London : Suntory-Toyota Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics; Baldwin, S., Cooke, K., (1984) How Much is Enough? A Review of Supplementary Benefit Scale Rates, , London : Family Policy Studies Centre Occasional Paper No. 1; Daniel, W., Stilgoe, E., (1978) Where Are They Now? A Follow-Up Survey of the Unemployed, , London : PEP Report No. 572; Davies, R., Hamill, L., Moylan, S., Smee, C.H., Incomes In and Out of Work (1982) Employment Gazette, 90, pp. 237-243; Fagin, L., Little, M., (1984) The Forsaken Families, , Harmondsworth : Penguin; Fox, A.J., Shewry, M.C., New Longitudinal Insights into Relationships between Unemployment and Mortality (1988) Stress Medicine, , (forthcoming); Greene, W.H., (1986) Limdep Users’ Manual, , New York : The Graduate School of Business Administration; Groat, H.T., Neal, A.G., Social-Psychological Correlated of Urban Fertility (1973) American Sociological Review, 32, pp. 945-959; Kiernan, K.E., Teenage Marriage and Marital Breakdown: A Longitudinal Study (1986) Population Studies, 40, pp. 35-54; Kiernan, K.E., Who Remains Celibate? (1988) Biosocial Science, , (forthcoming); Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The Age at Which Childbearing Starts - A Longitudinal Study (1983) Population Studies, 37, pp. 363-380; Kelvin, P., Jarrett, J.E., (1985) Unemployment: Its Social Psychological Effects, , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; Lynch, L.M., Individual Differences in the Youth Labour Market: A Cross-Section Analysis of London Youths (1988) From School to Unemployment? The Labour Market for Young People, , in Junankar, P. (ed.) London : Macmillan; Maddala, G.S., (1983) Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; Martin, J., Roberts, C., (1984) Women and Employment - A Lifetime Perspective, , London : HMSO; McDonald, J.F., Moffitt, R.A., The Uses of Tobit Analysis (1980) The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62, pp. 318-321; Murphy, M., Sullivan, O., (1983) Housing Tenure and Fertility in Post-War Britain, , London : Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Research Paper No. 83 - 2; Murphy, M., Sullivan, O., Unemployment, Housing and Household Structure among Young Adults (1986) Journal of Social Policy, 15, pp. 205-222; Nickell, S.J., A Picture of Male Unemployment in Britain (1980) The Economic Journal, 90, pp. 776-794; Noble, M., Smith, G., Payne, J., Roberts, J., (1987) The Other Oxford: Preliminary Report of a Survey of Low Income Households in Oxford, , Oxford : University of Oxford Department of Social and Administrative Studies; (1987) The General Household Survey 1985, , London : HMSO Series GHS No. 15; Payne, J., Does Unemployment Run in Families? Some Findings from the General Household Survey (1987) Sociology, 21, pp. 199-214; Piachaud, D., (1979) The Cost of a Child, , London : Child Poverty Action Group Poverty Pamphlet 43; Raffe, D., Employment Instability among Less Qualified Young Workers (1983) British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 11, pp. 21-34; Raffe, D., (1984) Fourteen to Eighteen: The Changing Pattern of Schooling in Scotland, , (ed.) Aberdeen : Aberdeen University Press; Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London : NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 11; Simms, M., Smith, C., (1986) Teenage Mothers and Their Partners, , London : HMSO DHSS Research Report No. 15; Smee, C.H., Stern, J., (1978) The Unemployed in a Period of High Unemployment: Some Notes on Characteristics and Benefit Status, , London : Government Economic Service Working Paper No. 11; Sullivan, O., Falkingham, J., Unemployment: Family Circumstances and Childhood Correlates among Young People in Britain (1988), forthcoming., in Hobcraft, J. and Murphy, M.J. (eds.) Population Research in Britain: Proceedings of the 1986 Annual Conference of the British Society for Population Studies. Oxford: Oxford University PressUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84970316220&doi=10.1177%2f0038038589023002002&partnerID=40&md5=88ff5207bf205140d896db8121111e11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social inequalities in low birth weight: Timing of effects and selective mobility T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 613 EP - 619 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1016/0277-9536(89)90256-6 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Joffe, M. AD - Department of Community Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, W2 1PG England, United Kingdom AB - The risk of giving birth to a low birth weight baby is known to be associated with poor material circumstances during the mother's own childhood. In addition to this long-term effect, an association is also apparent of low birth weight with the mother's current social class, measured in terms of her husband's occupation. At least two interpretations of this are possible: a true short-term effect, and/or selective social mobility (upward or downward). According to the latter hypothesis, social class at marriage reflects the operation of selective social processes such that taller and better educated women tend to marry men of higher social class: because both attributes are negatively associated with the risk of low birth weight, a short-term effect is mimicked. This paper investigates the strength of this effect, using data from a longitudinal study, the National Child Development Study. The possibility is also explored that the social class gradients at different ages are not independent: for example that a beneficial socio-economic environment in early life can compensate for hardship later on, in terms of the risk of low birth weight, and vice versa. A social class gradient was observed in the proportion of low birth weight deliveries, both at the time of the respondent's own birth and at the time of her marriage. Depending on the assumption made concerning the relationship of height with low birth weight, selective mobility for height explained 10.7% or 16.3% of the apparent short-term gradient in low birth weight. Selective mobility for educational level did not have any effect. Further analyses suggested that having belonged to a higher social class either in early childhood or at marriage had a beneficial effect, notwithstanding the direction of any mobility experienced. The social class of the woman's father when she was 16 was not associated with the low birth weight rate, and upward mobility during the respondent's childhood appeared to carry an increased risk. © 1989. KW - birth weight KW - infant KW - low birth weight KW - social class KW - social mobility KW - birth weight KW - economic aspect KW - human KW - newborn KW - social class KW - Body Height KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Mothers KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Mobility KW - Time Factors KW - birth weight KW - mobility KW - social class KW - UK N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 2928837 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Joffe, M.; Department of Community Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, W2 1PG England, United Kingdom N1 - References: Roberts, Barker, The Social Classification of Women (1986) OPCS Longitudinal Study Working Paper No. 46, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Baird, The epidemiology of low birth weight: changes in incidence in Aberdeen, 1948–1972 (1974) J. biosoc. Sci., 6, p. 323; Baird, Illsley, Environment and childbearing (1952) Proc. R. Soc. Med., 46, p. 53; Illsley, Occupational class, selection and the production of inequalities in health (1986) Q. J. soc. Affairs, 2, p. 151; Wilkinson, Occupational class, selection and inequalities in health: a reply to Raymond Illsley (1986) Q. J. soc. Affairs, 2, p. 415; Illsley, Occupational class, selection and inequalities in health: rejoinder to Richard Wilkinson's reply (1987) Q. J. soc. Affairs, 3, p. 213; Butler, Bonham, (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Butler, Alberman, (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Goldstein, A study of the response rates of sixteen-year-olds in the National Child Development Study (1976) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, p. 63. , K. Fogelman, National Children's Bureau, London; Shepherd, The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection (1985) NCDS Working Paper No. 1, , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; Tilley, Barnes, Bergstralh, A comparison of pregnancy history recall and medical records (1985) Am. J. Epidem., 121, p. 269; Seidman, Slater, Ever-Hadani, Gale, Accuracy of mother's recall of birthweight and gestational age (1987) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaec., 94, p. 731; Burns, Moll, Rost, Lauer, Mothers remember birthweights of adolescent children: the Muscatine Ponderosity Family Study (1987) Int. J. Epidem., 16, p. 550; Hardy, Mellits, Relationship of low birth weight to maternal characteristics of age, parity, education and body size (1977) The Epidemiology of Prematurity, , D.M. Reed, F.J. Stanley, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, Md; Placek, Maternal and infant health factors associated with low infant birth weight: findings from the 1972 National Natality Survey (1977) The Epidemiology of Prematurity, , D.M. Reed, F.J. Stanley, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, Md; Valanis, Relative contributions of maternal social and biological characteristics to birth weight and gestation among mothers of different childhood socioeconomic status (1979) Soc. Biol., 26, p. 211 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024475617&doi=10.1016%2f0277-9536%2889%2990256-6&partnerID=40&md5=3d0855fca0accc80b727def46325c9ed ER - TY - JOUR TI - Varying Biosocial Correlates of Asthma and Wheezy Bronchitis T2 - Medical Anthropology Quarterly J2 - Med. Anthropol. Q. VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 175 EP - 189 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1525/maq.1989.3.2.02a00050 SN - 07455194 (ISSN) AU - Kaplan, B.A. AU - Mascie‐Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, United States AD - Department of Biological Anthropology, Cambridge University, United Kingdom AB - The British National Child Development Study has followed everyone born in one week in 1958 in England, Wales, and Scotland at varying intervals since birth. Examination of the data from this study has permitted analysis of differences between those diagnosed with wheezy bronchitis and those with asthma at ages 7 and 11. Among the 15,398 individuals at age 7 and the 15,303 at age 11, 446 (449 at 11) had asthma and 2,488 (1,194 at 11) had wheezy bronchitis. There are striking differences in parental social status, occupation, education, housing, family size, birth order, and geographic distribution between the asthmatics and the wheezy bronchitics. There are also differences in reasons given for long school absences among children in the two diagnostic categories. By 1969 the disease classification had begun to change, and by 1974 the category of wheezy bronchitis was no longer in use. We examine some of the possible societal reasons for the change in classification. 1989 American Anthropological Association N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kaplan, B.A.; Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States N1 - References: Godfrey, Childhood Asthma (1981) Bronchial Asthma: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment, pp. 324-355. , M. Eric Gershwin,. New York, Grune and Stratton; Kaplan, Mascie‐Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial Factors in the Epidemiology of Childhood Asthma in a British National Sample (1985) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 39, pp. 152-156; Kaplan, Mascie‐Taylor, C.G.N., Asthma and Wheezy Bronchitis in a National Sample of Eleven Year Olds (1987) Journal of Asthma, 24 (5), pp. 289-296; Leeder, S.R., Influence of Family Factors on Asthma and Wheezing During the First Five Years of Life (1976) British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine, 30, pp. 213-218; Levy, Bell, General Practice Audit of Asthma in Childhood (1984) British Medical Journal, 289, pp. 1115-1116; Peckham, Butler, A National Sample of Asthma in Childhood (1978) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, pp. 79-85; Shepherd, NCDS [National Child Development Study] User Support Working Paper No. 1 (1983) Introduction to the Background of the Study and Methods of Data Collection, , London:, National Children's Bureau; Thornley, Dawson, On Prevalence of Asthma and Wheeziness in Scotland and New Zealand (1983) British Medical Journal, 286, pp. 890-891; Toop, L.J., Active Approach to Recognizing Asthma in General Practice (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1629-1631; Williams, McNichol, K.N., Prevalence, Natural History and Relationship of Wheezy Bronchitis and Asthma in Children: An Epidemiological Study (1969) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 321-325 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1842338787&doi=10.1525%2fmaq.1989.3.2.02a00050&partnerID=40&md5=ca4c220aaec8c64524994f0176c94de6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting traffic injuries in childhood: A cohort analysis T2 - The Journal of Pediatrics J2 - J. Pediatr. VL - 115 IS - 6 SP - 932 EP - 938 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80745-0 SN - 00223476 (ISSN) AU - Pless, I.B. AU - Peckham, C.S. AU - Power, C. AD - Department of Pediatrics McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada AD - Department of Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada AD - Department of Pediatric Epidemiology, Hospital for Sick Children, London, England, United Kingdom AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, England, United Kingdom AB - Data from a sample of more than 16,000 children born in the United Kingdom in 1958 were studied to identify factors that may affect the risk of having a traffic injury. Five sets of risk factors were examined: physical, developmental, educational, behavioral, and family. Information about these factors were obtained systematically from parents, teachers, and physicians when the children were 7 and 11 years of age. The results were related to traffic injuries occurring for the first time during each subsequent 4-year period, Between 8 and 11 years of age, 431 children had a traffic injury requiring medical attention, and between 12 and 16 years the number was 590. Logistic regression analyses identified a small number of factors associated with injuries, which varied according to the age and gender of the child. When all these factors were entered into a final model, only five remained: fidgety, abnormal behavior, and three measures of family disruption or disadvantage-crowding, family problems, and being removed from the family and placed in the care of the local authority. These findings suggest that it may be unwise to place much reliance on "high risk" preventive strategies by measures of this kind. Instead, more emphasis should be placed on community-based passive and environmental strategies. © 1989 The C. V. Mosby Company. KW - adolescent KW - age KW - childhood disease KW - family study KW - female KW - human KW - male KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - short survey KW - traffic injury KW - Accidents, Traffic KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Studies KW - Educational Status KW - Family KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Prognosis KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOPDA C2 - 2585230 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Pless, I.B.; Department of Pediatrics McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada N1 - References: (1985) Injury in America: a continuing public health problem, , National Academy Press, Washington, D.C; Rivara, Bergman, LoGerfo, Weiss, Epidemiology of childhood injuries. II. Sex differences in injury rates (1982) Am J Dis Child, 136, pp. 502-506; Pless, Accident prevention and health education: back to the drawing board? (1978) Pediatrics, 12, pp. 431-435; Rivara, Traumatic deaths of children in the United States: currently available prevention strategies (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 456-462; Jacobs, Conceptual and methodological problems in accident research (1961) Behavioral approaches to accident research, pp. 3-25. , HH Jacobs, Association for the Aid of Crippled Children, New York; Davie, Butler, Goldstein, (1972) From birth to seven: a report of the National Child Development Study, , Longman, London; Goldstein, A study of the response rates of 16-year-olds in the National Child Development Study (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, pp. 9-18. , K Fogelman, Macmillan Press, London; Southgate, (1962) Southgate Group Reading Tests: manual of instructions, , University of London, London; Kellmer-Pringle, Butler, Davie, (1966) Studies in child development: 11,000 seven-year-olds, p. 15. , Longman Group, London; Stott, (1963) The social adjustment of children, , University of London, London; Rutter, Tizard, Whitmore, (1970) Education, health and behavior, , Longman Group, London; (1981) BMDP statistical software, pp. 330-345. , University of California Press, Berkeley; Baker, O'Neill, Karpf, (1984) The injury fact book, , Lexington Books, Lexington, Mass; Pless, Verreault, Arsenault, The epidemiology of road accidents in childhood (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 358-360; Gallagher, Guyer, Kotelchuck, A strategy for the reduction of childhood injuries in Massachusetts: SCIPP (1982) N Engl J Med, 307, pp. 1015-1019; Rivara, Barber, Demographic analysis of childhood pedestrian injuries (1985) Pediatrics, 76, pp. 375-381; Stulginskas, Pless, Frappier, A total population survey of traffic accidents among children (1983) Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Automotive Medicine, pp. 169-177. , San Antonio, Texas; MacFarlane, Fox, (1978) Child deaths from accidents and violence, p. 22. , Population trends; series 12, Government Statistical Service, London; Rivara, Epidemiology of childhood injuries. I. Review of current research and presentation of conceptual framework (1982) Am J Dis Child, 136, pp. 399-404; Nersesian, Petit, Shaper, Childhood death and poverty: a study of all childhood deaths in Maine, 1976–1980 (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 41-50; Rowntree, Accidents among children under two years of age in Great Britain (1950) Journal of Hygiene, 48, pp. 323-337; Manheimer, Mellinger, Personality characteristics of the child accident repeater (1967) Child Dev, 34, pp. 491-513; Padilla, Rohsenow, Bergman, Predicting accident frequency in children (1976) Pediatrics, 58, pp. 223-226; Matheny, Psychological characteristics of childhood accidents (1987) Journal of Social Issues, 43, pp. 45-60; Bijur, Stewart-Brown, Butler, Child behavior and accidental injury in 11,966 preschool children (1986) Am J Dis Child, 140, pp. 487-492; Langley, Silva, Williams, The study of the relationship of ninety background, developmental, behavioral and medical factors to childhood accidents (1980) Aust Paediatr J, 16, pp. 244-247; Wadsworth, Burnell, Taylor, Butler, Family type and accidents in preschool children (1983) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 37, pp. 100-104; Martin, Antecedents of burns and scalds in children (1970) B. Med Psychol, 43, pp. 39-47; Plionis, Family functioning and childhood accident occurence (1977) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 47, pp. 250-263; Brown, Davidson, Social class, psychiatric disorder of mother, and accidents to children (1978) Lancet, 1, pp. 378-381; Roberts, Fanurik, Layfield, Behavioral approaches to prevention of childhood injuries (1987) Journal of Social Issues, 43, pp. 105-118; Bass, Mehta, Ostrovsky, Halperin, Educating parents about injury prevention (1985) Pediatr Clin North Am, 32, pp. 233-241; Jonah, Accident risk and risk-taking behaviour among young drivers (1986) Accid Anal Prev, 18, pp. 255-271; Micik, Miclette, Injury prevention in the community: a syndrome approach (1985) Pediatr Clin North Am, 32, pp. 251-256 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024332038&doi=10.1016%2fS0022-3476%2889%2980745-0&partnerID=40&md5=0e7fad41f1d4a6b944958d37bcefc1b7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are Britain's children getting healthier? T2 - Pediatric Reviews and Communications J2 - PEDIATR. REV. COMMUN. VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 235 EP - 245 PY - 1989 SN - 08829225 (ISSN) AU - Golding, J. AU - Fogelman, K. AD - Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom AB - Over 90% of children from Britain's second and third national cohort studies enrolled at birth were contacted when they were aged 10-11 and a medical history was taken for 14,000 children born in 1958 and 13,500 of those born in 1970. Health behaviour of the mothers had changed substantially: in the later cohort breast feeding had decreased whereas maternal smoking had increased. More of the later cohort had visited child health clinics. Later-born children were more likely to have had eczema, discharging ears, diabetes or a squint but less likely to have had defects on visual testing, or a history of pneumonia, measles or pertussis. The data support the contention that immunisation was responsible for reduction in the prevalence of measles. Children in the later cohort were less likely to have had a tonsillectomy or circumcision but the rates of hernia repair and appendicectomy had stayed static. The most important difference between the two cohorts was found in the variation in school absence due to ill-health. The proportion of children who had been absent for prolonged periods had dropped dramatically. The improvement was associated with a number of specific reasons and points to either more effective treatment or changing attitudes towards school attendance. KW - child KW - child health KW - cohort analysis KW - diabetes mellitus KW - health behavior KW - hearing KW - human KW - methodology KW - priority journal KW - review KW - school absence KW - surgery KW - united kingdom KW - vision N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PRECE LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024389417&partnerID=40&md5=dc2791fc3d2789090edfcf3ed6bea863 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The prevalence of cancer in Sweden 1984 T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 463 EP - 470 PY - 1989 DO - 10.3109/02841868909092251 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Adami, H.O. AU - Gunnarsson, T. AU - Sparén, P. AU - Eklund, G. AD - Department of Surgery, University Hospital, The Swedish Cancer Registry, National Board of Health and Welfare, The Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden AB - A total of 772492 (99.3% of all patients with a newly diagnosed malignant disease notified to the National Swedish Cancer Registry during 1958 through 1984 could be followed up with respect to survival or emigration by means of computerized record linkages. the number of cancer patients still alive on December 31, 1984, totalling 194389, was divided by the appropriate population denominator. the crude prevalence rate in Sweden of individuals who have or have had any cancer was 1840 per 105 in males and 2808 per 105 in females. At ages 40 through 59, the rates in females were 2.2 to 2.5 times higher than those in males, whereas after the age of 75 cancer was more prevalent in males. Prostate cancer was the most common tumour in males, 24.5% of the crude prevalence rate (451 per 105), followed by colorectal cancer, cancer of the bladder and malignant melanoma. in females, the breast was the dominating cancer site, accounting for 32.7% (917 per 105), followed by cancer of the large bowel, uterine corpus and uterine cervix. We conclude that prevalence rates provide important information about the magnitude of the cancer problem over and above that revealed by incidence and mortality statistics. the high, and probably increasing, prevalence rates over time emphasize that important savings in economic and other resources can be achieved by strictly evaluated and cost-effective regimens for follow-up. ©1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Cancer prevalence KW - Cancer register KW - Death cause register KW - Sweden KW - age KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer registry KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - sex difference KW - short survey KW - survival KW - sweden KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasms KW - Prevalence KW - Registries KW - Sex Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Sweden KW - Time Factors PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE C2 - 2789821 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Adami, H.O.; Department of Surgery, University Hospital, The Swedish Cancer Registry, National Board of Health and Welfare, The Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden N1 - References: Bailar, I.J.C., Smith, E.M., Progress against cancer? (1986) N Engl J Med, 314, p. 226. , II; Enstrom, J.E., Austin, D.E., Interpreting cancer survival rates (1977) Science, 195, p. 847; Feldman, A.R., Kessler, L., Myers, M.H., Naughton, M.D., The prevalence of cancer. Estimates based on the Connecticut tumour registry (1986) N Engl J Med, 315, p. 394; Brian, D.D., Melton, L.J., Goellner, J.R., Williams, R.L., O'Fallon, W.M., Breast cancer incidence, prevalence, mortality and survivorship in Rochester, Minnesota 1935 to 1974 (1980) Mayo Clin Proc, 55, p. 55; Hakama, M., Hakulinen, T., Läärä, E., Predicting cancer incidence and prevalence (1986) Health Projection in Europe. Methods and Applications, p. 25. , World Health Organization., Copenhagen; Teppo, L., Hakama, M., Hakulinen, T., Lehtonen, M., Saxen, E., Cancer in Finland 1953–1970: Incidence, mortality, prevalence (1975) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand (A); Danish Cancer Registry (1987) Cancer incidence in Denmark 1984, , Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen; Kreftregisteret. Institutt for epidemiologisk krefteforskning. Forekomst av kreftsykdommer i Norges kommuner. Antall nya titfeller 1975–1984 (1986) Antall personer med tidligere kreft-diagnose i live, p. 1984. , Oslo, 31.12; The Cancer Registry, National Board of Health and Welfare (1987) Cancer incidence in Sweden 1984, , Stockholm; Mattsson, B., (1984) Cancer registration in Sweden, , (Thesis.), Karolinska Institutet., Stockholm; (1982) Cancer incidence in five continents, p. 42. , J. Waterhouse, K. Shanmugarathnam, C. Muir, J. Powel., IARC; International statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death, 1955 revision adapted for indexing of hospital records (1965) Kungl. Medicinalstyrelsen. Stockholm; Statistiska Centralbyrån. Befolkningsförändringar Sveriges oficiella statistik, pp. 1958-1984. , Stockholm; Hakama, M., Hakulinen, T., Teppo, L., Saxén, E., Incidence, mortality or prevalence as indicators of the cancer problem (1975) Cancer, 36, p. 2227; Devesa, S.S., Silverman, D.T., Young, J.L., Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947–84 (1987) JNCI, 79, p. 1; Hakulinen, T., Andersen, A.A., Malker, B., Pukkala, E., Schou, G., Tulinius, H., Trends in cancer incidence in the Nordic countries (1986) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand (A).; Ries, L.G., Pollack, E.S., Young, J.L., Cancer patient survival; surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program, 1973–79 (1983) JNCI, 70, p. 93; Adami, H.O., Malker, B., Rutqvist, L.E., Persson, I., Ries, L., Temporal trends in breast cancer survival in Sweden: significant improvement in 20 years (1986) JNCI, 76, p. 53; Thörn, M., Adami, H.O., Bergström, R., Ringborg, U., Krusemo, U.B., Trends in survival from malignant melanoma: remarkable improvement in 23 years (1989) JNCI, , In press; Feinstein, A.R., Esdaile, J.M., Incidence, prevalence, and evidence. Scientific problems in epidemiologic statistics for the occurrence of cancer (1987) Am J Med, 82, p. 13 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024428342&doi=10.3109%2f02841868909092251&partnerID=40&md5=e57a7a59d8196993662181133d3e2b4e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antenatal and Perinatal Conditions Correlated to Handicap Among 4-Year-Old Children T2 - American Journal of Perinatology J2 - Am. J. Perinatol. VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 258 EP - 267 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1055/s-2007-999588 SN - 07351631 (ISSN) AU - Holst, K. AU - Andersen, E. AU - Philip, J. AU - Henningsen, I. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Y Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Department of Pediatrics, Frederiksborg County Central Hospital Hillerød, The Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of maternal prepregnancy and pregnancy-related risk factors, complicated delivery, and perinatal morbidity on subsequent handicaps in children. We surveyed a birth cohort of 4102 mothers and 4138 children in Frederiksborg County, Denmark. Maternal risk factors were defined according to guidelines published by the Danish National Board of Health, and perinatal morbidity and handicaps according to World Health Organization guidelines. The incidence of handicaps: (cerebral palsy, mental retardation [mild and severe], epilepsy, severe defects of vision and hearing); was 44 of 4038 children (twins and neonatal deaths were excluded). A combination of three or more maternal risk factors was found to be a predictor of risk for children with later handicaps; the incidence of handicaps was 11 times higher than in mothers with no risk factors. Eleven percent of all mothers had three or more risk factors and they had 43% of the handicapped children. Multiparity increased the risk in all risk categories. Of complications at delivery, intrapartum asphyxia, as evident from Apgar scores of less than 7 at 1 minute and less than 10 at 10 minutes in particular, was a strong predictor of a later handicap. Premature rupture of membranes for more than 24 hours was also significantly associated with later handicaps. Perinatal morbidity was correlated with a later handicap. The perinatal complication most strongly associated with later handicaps was low birthweight. Forty-eight percent of the affected children had a birthweight of less than 2500 gm and were small for gestational age. We conclude that the incidence of handicaps could possibly be reduced if the causes of the following maternal risk factors were identified and, if possible, eliminated: previous delivery of a child with a birthweight less than 2500 gm, previous delivery of a stillborn child, repeated abortions, severe infection during pregnancy, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery. Improved intrapartum diagnosis and prevention of asphyxia and treatment of children born with low Apgar scores would reduce the incidence of handicaps, as would intervention to prevent premature rupture of the membranes of more than 24 hour's duration. © 1989, by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. KW - cerebral palsy KW - denmark KW - epilepsy KW - forecasting KW - handicapped child KW - hearing impairment KW - human KW - incidence KW - infant KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - mental deficiency KW - newborn care KW - perinatal morbidity KW - perinatal period KW - pregnancy KW - premature fetus membrane rupture KW - preschool child KW - prevention KW - priority journal KW - review KW - visual disorder KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Denmark KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Hearing Disorders KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Newborn, Diseases KW - Labor Complications KW - Mental Retardation KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Risk Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Vision Disorders N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2712925 LA - English N1 - References: Little, W.J., On the influence of abnormal parturition, difficult labor, premature birth, and asphyxia neonatorum on the mental and physical conditions of the child, especially in relation to deformities (1862) Trans Obstet Soc Lond, 3, pp. 293-344; Kaern, T., Congenital cerebral palsy (1978) Dan Med Bull, 25, pp. 137-148; Plum, P., Cerebral palsy. A clinical survey of 543 cases (1956) Dan Med Bull, 3, pp. 99-108; Zachau-Christiansen, B., Development During the First Year of Life. Helsingør (1972), PA Andersen; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal Mortality. The first report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey Under the auspices of the National birthday trust fund (1963) Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone; Niswander, K.R., Gordon, M., The Women and their Pregnancies. The Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (1972), Philadelphia: WB Saunders; Hagberg, B., Pre-, peri- and postnatal prevention of major neuropediatric handicaps (1975) Neuropadiatrie, 4, pp. 331-338; Stanley, F.J., An epidemiological study of cerebral palsy in Western Australia (1979) Dev Med Child Neurol, 21, pp. 701-713. , 1956-1975. I: Changes in total incidence of cerebral palsy and associated factors; Hoist, K., The Unborn and the Newborn Child. Present obstetric risk grouping fails to predict complicated labour and neonatal morbidity (1987) Dan Med Bull, 34, pp. 173-178; Guidelines of Prenatal Care and Obstetrical Aid. Copenhagen (1976) The Danish National Board of Health; Haverkamp, A.D., Orleans, M., Langendoerfer, S., McFee, J., Murphy, J., Thompson, H.E., A controlled trial of the differential effects of intrapartum fetal monitoring (1979) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 134, pp. 399-412; International Classification of Diseases. Copenhagen (1976) The Danish National Board of Health; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Antecedents of cerebral palsy. Multivariate analysis of risk (1986) N Engl J Med, 315, pp. 81-86; Brown, E.R., Long-term sequelae of preterm birth (1984), pp. 333-347. , In Fuchs F, Stubblefield PG (eds): Preterm Birth: Causes, Prevention, and Management. New York: MacmillanUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024605398&doi=10.1055%2fs-2007-999588&partnerID=40&md5=dc221fec896673781b4ffc1a9ef12833 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Unborn and Newborn Child. I: Risk Factors Predicting Complicated Delivery in a General Population of 4,102 Women T2 - Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica J2 - Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. VL - 68 IS - 8 SP - 699 EP - 706 PY - 1989 DO - 10.3109/00016348909006142 SN - 00016349 (ISSN) AU - Holst, K. AU - Hilden, J. AU - Henningsen, I. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Department of Pediatrics, Frederiksborg County Central Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark AD - Institute of Human Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AD - Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AB - Among the 56 risk factors (RF) in pregnant women, used by the Danish National Board of Health, those that can predict complicated delivery (CD) were identified. The significance of parity, maternal age, social class and civil status was also analysed. The material comprises a Danish county cohort of 4,102 deliveries. The 56 original RFs affected 56% of the population. Women (8.8%) with twin pregnancy, fetus in breech, footling and transverse lie, or having an elective cesarean section were analysed separately. The incidence of CD was otherwise 39%. Of all the women, 8.7% had only prepregnancy RFs with a CD rate of 52%; 19.2% had only pregnancy RFs other than special conditions mentioned with a CD rate of 52%; 3.6% had both prepregnancy and pregnancy RFs with a CD rate of 62%. When the special conditions separately analysed were included, 14 RFs of the original 56 were found to predict complicated delivery. These affected 40% of the population. Primiparity was also a RF. The conceptional age of a primipara raised the odds in favor of CD by a factor 1.09 for each year. Social class and civil status were of no significance for CD. 1989 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand KW - adult KW - age KW - article KW - complication KW - delivery KW - fetus KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - risk KW - social aspect KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Comparative Study KW - Denmark KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Labor Complications KW - Maternal Age KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prognosis KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2631541 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Holst, K.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark N1 - References: Holst, K., The unborn and the newborn child. Present obstetric risk grouping fails to predict complicated labour and neonatal morbidity (1987) Dan Med Bull, 34, pp. 173-178; Holst, K., Henningsen, I., Hilden, J., The unborn and newborn child II. Risk factors predicting perinatal morbidity and mortality in 4,138 infants (1989) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scmd, 68, pp. 707-712; Holst, K., Andersen, E., Philip, J., Henningsen, I., Antenatal and perinatal conditions correlated to handicap among 4‐year‐old children (1989) Am J Perinatol, 6, pp. 258-267; (1976) Guidelines of Prenatal Care and Obstetrical Aid, , The Danish National Board of Health, Copenhagen; (1980) Befolkningens bevaegelser 1978, , Vital Statistics, Copenhagen; Coopland, AT., Peddle, LJ., Baskett, TF., Rollwagen, R., Simpson, A., Parker, E., A simplified antepartum high‐risk pregnancy scoring form: statistical analysis of 5459 cases (1977) Can Med Assoc J, 116, pp. 999-1001; Aubry, RH., Pennington, JC., Ldentification and evaluation of high‐risk pregnancy: the perinatal concept (1973) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 16, pp. 3-27; Fedrick, J., Antenatal identification of women at high risk of spontaneous pre‐term birth (1976) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 83, pp. 351-354; Goodwin, JW., Dunne, JT., Thomas, BW., Antepartum identification of the fetus at risk (1969) Can Med Assoc J, 101, pp. 57-67; Butler, NR., Bonham, DG., Perinatal Mortality (1963) The first report of the 1958 British perinatal mortality survey under the auspices of the National Birthday Trust Fund, , Livingstone E & S, Edinburgh and London; Karjalainen, O., Mandelin, M., The significance of broadened approach to risk pregnancy (1982) Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn, 71, pp. 272-276; Cohen, WR., Newman, L., Friedman, EA., Risk of labor abnormalities with advancing maternal age (1980) Obstet Gynecol, 55, pp. 414-416; Hansen, EJ., (1984) Socialgrupper i Danmark, , Danish National Institute of Social Research, Copenhagen UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024936278&doi=10.3109%2f00016348909006142&partnerID=40&md5=09ab77311548838d72f157e3fd3994b8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Respiratory symptoms as predictors of 27 year mortality in a representative sample of British adults T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - BR. MED. J. VL - 299 IS - 6695 SP - 357 EP - 361 PY - 1989 SN - 02670623 (ISSN) AU - Carpenter, L. AU - Beral, V. AU - Strachan, D. AU - Ebi-Kryston, K.L. AU - Inskip, H. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom AB - Objective - To examine associations between reported respiratory symptoms (as elicited by questionnaire) and subsequent mortality. Design - Prospective cohort study. Setting - 92 General practices in Great Britain. Participants - A nationally representative sample of 1532 British men and women aged between 40 and 64. Main outcome measures - Mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and chronic bronchitis. Results - Subjects were interviewed in 1958 regarding various respiratory symptoms (including cough, phlegm, breathlessness, and wheeze) by using a questionnaire which formed the basis of the Medical Research Council's questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. By the end of 1985, 889 deaths had been reported, including 51 in men due to chronic bronchitis. After adjustment for differences in age and smoking habits death rates from chronic bronchitis in men who reported symptoms were greater than those in men who did not for each of the symptoms examined. The adjusted mortality ratios were 3.4 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 6.5) for morning cough, 3.7 (2.0 to 6.9) for morning phlegm, 6.4 (3.0 to 13.8) for breathlessness when walking on the level, and 10.5 (4.4 to 24.6) for wheeze most days or nights. Mortality ratios were also significantly raised for four episodic symptoms not usually included in more recent respiratory symptom questionnaires - namely, occasional wheeze (mortality ratio 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 15.1), weather affects chest (5.7; 3.1 to 10.3), breathing different in summer (4.9; 2.8 to 8.6), and cold usually goes to chest (3.7; 2.0 to 6.8). The excess mortality associated with these symptoms remained significant after further adjustment for breathlessness or phlegm. Ratios for all cause mortality in men and women were also significantly raised for most respiratory symptoms, death rates being some 20-50% higher in people reporting symptoms after adjustment for age, sex, and smoking. Breathlessness was the only symptom significantly associated with excess mortality from cardiovascular disease (mortality ratio 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 1.9) for breathlessness when walking on the level). Ratios were generally around unity and not significant for mortality due to lung cancer. Conclusions - The results suggest that episodic symptoms, which often do not appear in standard respiratory questionnaires, predict subsequent mortality from chronic obstructive airways disease. This supports the hypothesis that reversible airflow obstruction may be a precursor of progressive and irreversible decline in ventilatory function. KW - bronchitis KW - coughing KW - human KW - mortality KW - priority journal KW - review KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Mortality KW - Prognosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :23 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 2506967 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024394491&partnerID=40&md5=9ff2b400818211d61bda532d85eca899 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Psychosocial predictors of interictal depression T2 - Journal of Epilepsy J2 - J. Epilepsy VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 231 EP - 237 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1016/0896-6974(89)90003-0 SN - 08966974 (ISSN) AU - Hermann, B.P. AU - Whitman, S. AD - EpiCare Center, Baptist Memorial Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, Memphis, TN, United States AD - Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States AB - The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to determine whether some of the psychosocial complications associated with epilepsy are predictive of interictal depression. A wide variety of psychosocial, neuroepilepsy, and medication variables were assessed and related to self-reported depressive symptomatology in a sample of 102 adults with epilepsy. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that four variables were predictive of increased depression: increased stressful life events, poor adjustment to seizures, financial stress, and female gender. The methodological limitations of this correlational approach and the need for a prospective longitudinal investigation are discussed. © 1989. KW - Depression KW - Epilepsy KW - Psychosocial complications KW - barbituric acid derivative KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - anticonvulsant therapy KW - article KW - depression KW - epilepsy KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - methodology KW - psychological aspect KW - psychosocial disorder KW - risk factor KW - statistical analysis KW - stress N1 - Cited By :64 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOEPE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hermann, B.P.; EpiCare Center, Baptist Memorial Hospital, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, Memphis, TN, United States N1 - References: Scambler, Sociological aspects of epilepsy (1987) Epilepsy, , 3rd ed, A Hopkins, Demos Publications, New York; Taylor, Epilepsy: a model of sickness (1982) Psychopharmacology of anticonvulsants, , M Sandler, Oxford University Press, New York; Dell, Social dimensions of epilepsy: stigma and response (1986) Psychopathology in epilepsy: social dimensions, , S Whitman, BP Hermann, Oxford University Press, New York; Dodrill, Neuropsychology (1988) A textbook of epilepsy, , 3rd ed, J Laidlaw, A Richens, J Oxley, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Ounsted, Lindsay, Richards, (1987) Temporal lobe epilepsy 1948–1986: a biographical study, , MacKieth Press, London; Taylor, Psychosocial components of childhood epilepsy (1989) Childhood epilepsies: neuropsychological, psychosocial and intervention aspects, , BP Hermann, M Seidenberg, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester; Schneider, Conrad, the closet with epilepsy epilepsy stigma potential and information control (1980) Social Problems, 28, pp. 32-44; West, An investigation into the social construction and consequences of the label epilepsy (1979) Soc Rev, 27, pp. 719-741; Craig, Oxley, Social aspects of epilepsy (1988) A textbook of epilepsy, , 3rd ed, J Laidlaw, A Richens, J Oxley, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Ward, Bower, A study of certain social aspects of epilepsy in childhood (1978) Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, pp. 1-50. , (Suppl); Long, Moore, Parental expectations for their epileptic child (1979) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 20, pp. 299-312; Ziegler, Impairments of control and competence in epileptic children and their families (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 339-346; Oxley, Sander, Thompson, Epilepsy as a chronic handicap (1986) Aspects of epilepsy and psychiatry, , MR Trimble, TG Bolwig, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester; Thompson, Oxley, Socioeconomic accompaniments of severe epilepsy (1988) Epilepsia, 29, pp. S9-18; National Commission for the Control of Epilepsy and Its Consequences, Plan for nationwide action on epilepsy (1978) DHEW Publication No. NIH 78-276, , NIH, Washington, DC; Rodin, Rennick, Dennerll, Lin, Vocational and educational problems of epileptic patients (1972) Epilepsia, 13, pp. 149-160; Taylor, The components of sickness: diseases, illnesses and predicaments (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 1008-1010; Pond, Psychosocial aspects of epilepsy—the family (1981) Epilepsy and psychiatry, , EH Reynolds, MR Trimble, Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh; Trostle, Social aspects of epilepsy (1989) Current trends in epilepsy: a self-study course for physicians, , WA Hauser, Epilepsy Foundation of America, Washington, DC; Arnston, Droge, Norton, Murray, The perceived psychosocial consequences of having epilepsy (1986) Psychopathology in epilepsy: social dimensions, , S Whitman, BP Hermann, Oxford University Press, New York; Bagley, Children with epilepsy as a minority group: evidence from the National Child Development Study (1986) Psychopathology in epilepsy: social dimensions, , S Whitman, BP Hermann, Oxford University Press, New York; Fraser, Clemmons, Vocational and psychosocial interventions for youth with seizure disorders (1989) The childhood epilepsies: neuropsychological, psychosocial, and intervention aspects, , BP Hermann, M Seidenberg, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester; Schneider, Conrad, (1983) Having epilepsy, , Temple University Press, Philadelphia; Robertson, The organic contribution to depressive illness in patients with epilepsy (1989) J Epilepsy, 2, pp. 189-230; Robertson, Trimble, Depressive illness in epilepsy: a review (1983) Epilepsia, 24, pp. S109-S116; Kaplan, Roberts, Camacho, Coyne, Psychosocial predictors of depression: prospective evidence from the human population laboratory studies (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 125, pp. 206-220; Lewinsohn, Hoberman, Rosenbaum, A prospective study of risk factors for unipolar depression (1988) J Abnorm Psychol, 97, pp. 251-264; Hermann, Whitman, Behavioral and personality correlates of epilepsy: a review, methodological critique, and conceptual model (1984) Psychol Bull, 95, pp. 451-497; Whitman, Hermann, The architecture of research in the epilepsy-psychopathology literature (1989) Epilepsy Res, 3, pp. 93-99; Ryan, Kempner, Emlen, The stigma of epilepsy as a self-concept (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 433-444; Dodrill, Batzel, Queisser, Temkin, An objective method for the assessment of psychological and social difficulties among epileptics (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 123-135; Sarason, Johnson, Siegel, Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey (1978) J Consult Clin Psychol, 46, pp. 932-946; Sarason, Levine, Basham, Sarason, Assessing social support: the Social Support Questionnaire (1983) J Pers Soc Psychol, 44, pp. 127-139; Rotter, Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement (1966) Psychol Monogr, 80. , (whole No. 609); Askanasy, Rotter's Internal-External Scale confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with social desirability for alternative formats (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, pp. 1328-1341; Radloff, The CES-D scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population (1977) Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, pp. 385-401; Radloff, Locke, The community mental health assessment survey and the CES-D scale (1983) Epidemiologic community surveys, , MM Weissman, J Meyers, CE Ross, Prodist, New York; Weissman, Sholomskas, Pottenger, Prusoff, Locke, Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: a validation study (1977) Am J Epidemiol, 106, pp. 203-214 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024826582&doi=10.1016%2f0896-6974%2889%2990003-0&partnerID=40&md5=6f837d95e18b6ea8372e24c4271eb657 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variables associated with reading and math achievement among a heterogeneous group of students T2 - Journal of School Psychology J2 - J. Sch. Psychol. VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 127 EP - 140 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1016/0022-4405(89)90001-0 SN - 00224405 (ISSN) AU - Oakland, T. AU - Stern, W. AD - The University of Texas at Austin, United States AB - The characteristics of over- and underachievers are delineated within a sample of 372 randomly selected public school children, aged 6 through 17 years, from three racial-ethnic groups and two levels of socioeconomic status (SES). Assessment instruments included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, selected scales from the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment, the California Achievement Test, and the Sequential Tests of Educational Progress. A regression equation, predicting achievers on the basis of IQ was used to identify cutoff points for the selection of over- and underachievers (i.e., discrepant achievers). A control group of normal achievement demographically similar to the total sample (i.e., in respect to age, gender, SES, and race), also was selected. Over- and underachievers in reading and math were compared with each other and with the normal controls with respect to age, gender, SES, race, family size, and family structure. Discrepant achievement was not found to be unique to a particular race, level of intelligence, gender, age, family size, or degree of family intactness. Only two significant differences were observed in reading and none were observed in math. Both over- and underachievers tended to be born later than persons of normal achievement. Also, lower-SES blacks were underrepresented and middle-SES blacks were overrepresented among underachievers. Follow-up data over a 3-year period indicated that discrepant achievement was found to be neither chronic nor persistent. This finding, if replicated in other longitudinal research on this topic, seriously challenges the interpretation from cross-sectional studies that over- and underachievement tends to be stable. © 1989. N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JSCPA LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Oakland, T.; The University of Texas at AustinUnited States N1 - References: Alberman, The early prediction of learning disorders (1973) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 15, pp. 202-204; Asbury, Selected factors influencing over- and underachievement in young school-age children (1974) Review of Educational Research, 44, pp. 409-428; Barrett, An intensive study of 32 gifted children (1957) The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 36, pp. 192-194; Bell, Abrahamson, McRae, Reading retardation: A 12-year prospective study (1977) Journal of Pediatrics, 91, pp. 363-370; Belmont, Belmont, Stability or change in reading achievement over time Developmental and educational implications (1978) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 11, pp. 31-39; Boodoo, A multivariate perspective for aptitude-achievement discrepancy in learning disability assessment (1984) The Journal of Special Education, 18, pp. 489-494; Broman, Bien, Shaughnessy, (1985) Low achieving children: The first seven years, , Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ; Cone, Wilson, Qualifying a severe discrepancy A critical analysis (1981) Learning Disability Quarterly, 4, pp. 359-371; Covin, Stability of the WISC-R for 9 year-olds with learning difficulties (1977) Psychological Reports, 40, pp. 1297-1298; Curry, Certain characteristics of under- and overachievers (1961) Peabody Journal of Education, 39, pp. 41-45; Davie, Butler, Goldstein, (1972) From birth to seven: A report of the National Child Development Study, , Longman, London; Davis, Understanding underachievers (1984) American Education, 20, p. 12; Dixon, Other-direction and academic underachievement in bright adolescent girls (1977) Dissertation Abstract International, 37 (8 A), pp. 4979-4980; Dowd, Underachieving students of higher capacity (1952) The Journal of Higher Education, 23, pp. 237-330; Duff, Siegal, Biographical factors associated with academic over- and underachievers (1960) Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, pp. 43-46; Elliott, Piersel, Witt, Argulewicz, Gutkin, Galvin, Three-year stability of WISC-R IQs for handicapped children from three racial/ethnic groups (1985) Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 3, pp. 233-244; Fitzpatrick, Academic underachievement, other direction, and attitudes toward women's roles in bright adolescent females (1978) Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, pp. 645-650; Frankel, A comparative study of achieving and underachieving high school boys of high intellectual ability (1960) Journal of Educational Research, 53, pp. 172-180; Kerlinger, Pedhazur, (1973) Multiple regression in behavioral research, , Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York; Lally, Lloyd, Kulberg, Is intelligence stable in learning disabled children? (1987) Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 5, pp. 411-416; Lum, A comparison of under- and overachieving female college students (1960) Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, pp. 109-114; McQuary, Some differences between over- and underachievers in college (1954) Educational Administration and Supervision, 40, pp. 117-120; Mercer, Lewis, (1977) System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment, , Psychological Corporation, New York; Morrow, Wilson, Family relations of bright high-achieving and underachieving high-school boys (1961) Child Development, 32, pp. 501-510; Murray, Jackson, The conditioned failure model of Black educational underachievement (1982) Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 10, pp. 275-300; Passow, Goldberg, Study of underachieving gifted (1958) Educational Leadership, 16, pp. 121-125; Reynolds, Critical measurement issues in learning disabilities (1984) The Journal of Special Education, 18, pp. 451-476; Roberts, Factors affecting the underachievement of bright high school students (1962) Journal of Educational Research, 56, pp. 176-183; Schulte, Borich, Using different scores in the diagnosis of learning disabilities (1984) Journal of School Psychology, 22, pp. 381-390; Share, Silva, The stability and classification of specific reading retardation A longitudinal study from age 7 to 11 (1986) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, pp. 32-39; Shaw, Brown, Scholastic underachievement of bright college students (1957) The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 36, pp. 195-199; Shaw, McCuen, The onset of academic underachievement in bright children (1960) Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, pp. 103-108; Smith, Stability of the WISC-R subtest profiles for learning disabled children (1978) Psychology in the Schools, 15, pp. 4-7; Smith, Rogers, Reliability of standardized assessment instruments when used with learning disabled children (1978) Learning Disability Quarterly, 1, pp. 23-31; Stern, (1980) Nonintellectual concomitants of descrepant achievement in reading and math, , The University of Texas at Austin, Unpublished doctoral dissertation; Tiegland, Winkler, Munger, Kranzler, Some concomitants of underachievement at the elementary school level (1966) The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 44, pp. 950-955; Vance, Blixt, Ellis, Stability of the WISC-R for a sample of exceptional children (1981) Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37, pp. 397-399; Werner, Environmental interaction in minimal brain dysfunctions (1980) Handbook of minimal brain dysfunctions: A critical view, , H.E. Rie, E.D. Rie, Wiley, New York; Wilson, Reynolds, Another look at evaluating aptitude-achievement discrepancies in the diagnosis of learning disabilities (1984) The Journal of Special Education, 18, pp. 477-487; Yule, Rutter, Epidemiology and social implications of specific reading retardation (1976) The neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Theoretical approaches, , R.M. Knights, D.J. Bakker, University Park Press, Baltimore UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846229608&doi=10.1016%2f0022-4405%2889%2990001-0&partnerID=40&md5=0963f0eff89e2d1461d22bb314570e20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - RISK OF RECURRENCE AFTER A SINGLE, UNPROVOKED, GENERALIZED TONO‐ CLONIC SEIZURE T2 - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology J2 - Dev. Med. Child Neurol. VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 626 EP - 632 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04048.x SN - 00121622 (ISSN) AU - Boulloche, J. AU - Leloup, P. AU - Mallet, E. AU - Parain, D. AU - Tron, P. AD - Paediatric Unit AD - Neurological Investigation Unit AD - Paediatric Unit, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France AB - A cohort of 119 two‐ to 16‐year‐old patients was followed to assess the risk of recurrence after a single, unprovoked, generalized tonic‐clonic seizure. Only children with a normal neurological examination and intellectual development, and an EEG showing no focal abnormality, were studied. The risk of recurrence at six months was 22 per cent, at one year 28·5 per cent, at three years 32·6 per cent and at eight years 37·7 per cent. 58 per cent of recurrences occurred within the first six months and 87 per cent within the first two years. Initial EEGs showing generalized, unprovoked spikes and waves, generalized paroxysmal discharges precipitated by intermittent photic stimulation, or isolated slowing, were associated with risks of recurrence at two years of 40, 50 and 26 per cent, respectively. These results do not differ significantly from those obtained when the initial EEG was normal (29 per cent). Age, seizure duration and history of epilepsy in the family were not associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence. The risk of recurrence was similar for treated and untreated patients. Risque de récidive après une crise tonico‐clonique généralisée unique, non provoquée Une cohorte de 119 enfants, âgés de deux à 16 ans, ont été suivis pour apprécier le risque de récidive après une crise tonico‐clonique généralisée unique, non provoquée. Seuls les enfants avec examen neurologique et développement intellectuel normaux, et un EEG ne montrant pas d'anomalies focales, ont été retenus. Le risque de récidive a été de 22 pour cent à six mois, 28,5 pour cent à un an, 32,6 pour cent à trois ans et 37,7 pour cent à huit ans. 58 pour cent des récidives survinrent dans les premiers six mois et 87 pour cent dans les deux premières années. Des EEG initiaux présentant des pointes‐ondes généralisés et spontanés, des décharges paroxystiques généralisés à la stimulation lumineuse intermittente, ou un ralentissement isolé du tracé, étaient respectivement associés à des risques de récidive à deux ans de 40, 50 et 26 pour cent. Ces résultats ne diffèrent pas significativement de ceux obtenus lorsque l'EEG initial était normal (29 pour cent). L'âge, la durée des crises et l'anamnèse épileptique de la famille n'étaient pas associés à un risque de récidive significativement plus élevé. Le risque a été le meme chez les sujets traités et non traités. Rezidivrisiko nach einem spontanen generalisierten tonisch‐klonischen Anfall Es wurde eine Gruppe von 119 zwei‐ bis 16–jährigen Patienten kontrolliert, um das Rezidivrisiko nach einem generalisierten tonisch‐klonischen Anfall zu überprüfen. Nur Kinder mit normalen neurologischen Befunden und normaler intellektueller Entwicklung und mit einem EEG ohne fokale Unregelmäßigkeiten wurden untersucht. Das Rezidivrisiko eines Anfalls mit sechs Monaten betrug 22 Prozent, mit einem Jahr 28·5 Prozent, mit drei Jahren 32·6 Prozent und mit acht Jahren 37·7 Prozent. 58 Prozent der Rezidive traten innerhalb der ersten sechs Monate und 87 Prozent innerhalb der ersten zwei Jahre auf. Das initiale EEG, das generalisierte, unprovozierte spikes und waves Oder genralisierte paroxsymale Entladungen durch intermittierende Photostimulation oder isolierte Verlangsamung aufwies, war mit einem Rezidivrisiko von 40 bzw. 50 bzw. 26 Prozent verbunden. Diese Ergebnisse unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant von denen mit anfänglich normalem EEG. (29 Prozent). Alter, Anfallsdauer und Epilepsieanamnese der Familie korrelierten nicht mit einem signifikant höheren Rezidivrisiko. Das Rezidivrisiko war für behandelte und unbehandelte Patienten etwa gleich. Riesgo de recurrencia después de una única crisis generalizada tónico‐ciónica no provocada Un grupo de 119 pacientes de dos a 16 años de edad fue seguido para determinar el riesgo de recurrencia después de una crisis única tónico‐clónica, generalizada y no provocada. Sólo se estudiaron niños con un examen neurológico e intelectual normales y un EEG sin anomalias focales. El riesgo de recurrencia a los seis meses era de 22 por ciento, al año de edad de 28'5, a los tres años de 32'6 y a los 8 años de 37'7 por ciento. 58 por ciento de las recurrencias tuvieron lugar dentro de los primeros seis meses y 87 por ciento dentro de los dos primeros aflos. Un EEG mostrando puntas y ondas generalizadas, no provocadas, descargas paroxisticas generalizadas, precipitadas por estimulacion luminosa intermitente, o un enlentecimiento aislado, estaba asociado con riesgos de recurrencia a los años del 40, 50 y 26 por ciento respectivamente. Estos resultados no difieren significativamente de los obtenidos cuando el EEG inicial era normal (29 por ciento). La edad, la duratión del ataque y la historia familiar de epilepsia no estaban asociadas con un riesgo de recurrencia significativamente más alto. El riesgo de recurrencia era similar para los tratados, que para los no tratados. Copyright © 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - adolescent KW - child KW - electroencephalography KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - recurrent disease KW - tonic clonic seizure KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Human KW - Recurrence KW - Risk KW - Seizures N1 - Cited By :34 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2806743 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Boulloche, J.; Hôpital Général, Le Havre, F 76083, France N1 - References: Annegers, J.F., Shirts, J.B., Hauser, W.A., Kurland, L.T., ‘Risk of recurrence after an initial unprovoked seizure.’ (1986) Epilepsia, 27, pp. 43-50; Blom, S., Heijbel, J., Bergfors, P.G., ‘Incidence of epilepsy in children: a follow‐up study three years after the first seizure.’ (1978) Epilepsia, 19, pp. 343-350; Camfield, P.R., Camfield, C.S., Dooley, J.M., Tibbies, J.A.R., Fung, I., Garner, B., ‘Epilepsy after a first unprovoked seizure in childhood.’ (1985) Neurology, 35, pp. 1657-1660; Doose, H., Sitepu, B., ‘Childhood epilepsy in a German city.’ (1983) Neuropediatrics, 14, pp. 220-224; Elwes, R.D.C., Chesterman, P., Reynolds, E.H., ‘Prognosis after a first untreated tonicclonic seizure.’ (1985) Lancet, 2, pp. 752-753; Fromm, G.H., Chamovitz, I., ‘Long‐term follow‐up of children with grand mal seizure.’ (1972) Epilepsia, 13, pp. 341-355; Fukuyama, Y., Arima, M., Nagahata, N., Okada, R., ‘Medical treatment of epilepsies in childhood. A long‐term survey of 801 patients.’ (1963) Epilepsia, 4, pp. 207-224; Hauser, W.A., ‘Should people be treated after a first seizure?’ (1986) Archives of Neurology, 43, pp. 1287-1288; Anderson, V.E., Loewenson, R.B., McRoberts, S.M., ‘Seizure recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure.’ (1982) New England Journal of Medicine, 307, pp. 522-528; Hirtz, D.G., Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., ‘The risk of recurrence of non febrile seizures in children.’ (1984) Neurology, 34, pp. 637-641; Lerique, A., Mises, J., Basset, M., Daveau, M., Teyssoniere de Gramont, N., ‘Etude longitudinale de 240 cas d’épilepsie infantile suivis plus de 5 ans.’ (1963) Revue Neurologique, 109, pp. 342-343; Livingston, S., ‘Convulsive disorders in infants and children.’ (1958) Advances in Pediatrics, 10, pp. 113-195; Reynolds, E.H., Elwes, R.D.C., Shorvon, J.P., ‘Why does epilepsy become intractable? Prevention of chronic epilepsy.’ (1983) Lancet, 2, pp. 952-954; Richardet, J.M., Antignac, C., ‘Pronostic des convulsions généralisés, non fébriles de l'enfant.’ (1979) Journées Parisiennes de Pédiatrie, pp. 141-147. , Paris:, Flammarion; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., ‘Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study.’ (1980) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 207-210; Taylor, D.C., McKinlay, I., ‘When not to treat epilepsy with drugs.’ (1984) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 26, pp. 822-827; Todt, H., ‘The late prognosis of epilepsy in childhood: results of a prospective follow‐up study.’ (1984) Epilepsia, 25, pp. 137-144; van den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., ‘Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. I. Incidence of febrile and non‐febrile convulsions by age and other factors.’ (1969) Pediatric Research, 3, pp. 298-304; Wolf, P., ‘Epilepsy with awakening grand mal seizure.’ (1984) Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence., pp. 259-270. , Roger, J., Dravet, C., Bureau, M., Dreifuss, F. E., Wolf, P., London:, John Libbey UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024444072&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1989.tb04048.x&partnerID=40&md5=8cbfe336327980347fe085c635b27252 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mental illness and cognition in relation to age at puberty: a hypothesis T2 - Clinical Genetics J2 - Clin. Genet. VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 156 EP - 167 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1989.tb03182.x SN - 00099163 (ISSN) AU - Saugstad, L.F. AD - National Case Register, Oslo, Norway AB - Onset of puberty is usually considered to coincide with the last major step in brain development: the elimination of some 40% of neuronal synapses. Mean pubertal age has declined by some 4 years during the last 100 years. There is a relation between age at puberty and body build, and between body build and mental illness. The difference in body build between schizophrenia (S) and manic‐depressive psychosis (MDP) is similar to that between late and early maturers. It is suggested that S affects late‐maturing individuals and MDP very early maturers. The observed marked rise in MDP and decline in the most malignant forms of S (non‐paranoid) are in agreement with MDP and S as neurodevelopmental disorders occurring at the extremes of maturation. Maturational irregularities are most likely to occur at the extremes, and it is suggested that abbreviation of the regressive process may have led to persistent redundancy of neuronal synapses in MDP and that prolongation of the process past the optimal has yielded an inadequate synaptic density in S. The lack of cerebral abnormality in the majority of MDP and the presence of only subtle structural deficits in S, are in agreement with this. The two disorders are probably as old as mankind, and early puberty is the necessary factor for the development of MDP and late puberty is the necessary factor for that of S. There is an inverse relation between spatial ability and rate of maturation, whereas verbal ability is unaffected by maturational rate. From a previous predominance in both sexes, spatial ability (Performance IQ scores) has been reduced to below verbal ability (Verbal IQ scores) in the female sex and in early maturing males. Copyright © 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - brain development KW - cognitive profile KW - manic‐depressive psychosis KW - onset of puberty KW - schizophrenia KW - body build KW - cognition KW - heredity KW - human KW - manic depressive psychosis KW - mental disease KW - onset age KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - puberty KW - schizophrenia KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - Aging KW - Bipolar Disorder KW - Body Constitution KW - Cognition KW - Cohort Studies KW - Female KW - Human KW - Intelligence Tests KW - Male KW - Neurons KW - Puberty KW - Schizophrenia KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2676267 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Saugstad, L.F., Oslo, 5 N-0257, Norway N1 - References: Andreasen, N.C., Nasrallah, H.A., Dunn, V., Olson, S.C., Growe, W.M., Erhardt, J.C., Coffman, J.A., Crossett, J.H.W., Structural abnormalities in the frontal region in schizophrenia (1982) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 43, pp. 136-144; Ashcroft, G., Biochemistry and pathology of the affective psychoses (1982) Handbook of Psychiatry 3: Psychoses of uncertain etiology, pp. 160-165. , J. K. Wing, L. Wing, Cambridge University Press; Astrup, C., Fossura, A., Holmboe, R., (1962) Prognosis in functional psychoses, p. 210. , Springfield 111. USA, Ch. C. Thomas; Astrup, C., Noreik, K., (1966) Functional Psychoses., p. 176. , Springfield 111. USA, Ch. C. Thomas; Babigan, H.M., Schizophrenia: epidemiology (1980) Comprehensive Textbook of Psychia‐try‐III., pp. 1121-1131. , H. I. Kaplan, A. M. Freedman, B. J. Sadock, (eds). Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins; Baron, M., Risch, N., Hamburger, R., Mandel, B., Kushner, S., Newman, M., Drumer, D., Belmaker, L.H., Genetic linkage between X‐chromosome markers and bipolar affective illness (1987) Nature, 326, pp. 289-292; Barnes, D., Biological issues in schizophrenia (1987) Science, 235, pp. 430-433; Benbow, C.P., Stanley, J.C., Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability: fact or artefact (1980) Science, 210, pp. 1262-1264; Benbow, C.P., Stanley, J.C., Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability. More facts (1983) Science, 222, pp. 1029-1031; Benbow, C.P., Sex differences in math‐ematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents (1988) Behav. Brain Sci., 11, pp. 169-232; Berry, J.W., Temne and Eskimo perceptual skills (1966) International Journal of Psychology, 1, pp. 207-229; Berry, J.W., (1976) Human Ecology and Cognitive Style., , New York, Sage publ; Bleuler, M., (1954) Endocrinologische Psychiatrie., pp. 329-358. , Stuttgart, G. Thieme Verlag; Bøøk, J.A., A genetic and neuropsychia‐tric investigation of a North Swedish population (1953) Acta Genet. (Basel), 4, pp. 1-100; Bøøk, J.A., Wetterberg, L., Modrzewska, K., Schizophrenia in a North Swedish isolate 1900–1977 (1987) Clin. Genet., 14, pp. 373-394; Broverman, D.M., Broverman, I.K., Vogel, W., Palmer, R.D., The automatization cognitive style and physical development (1964) Child Dev., 35, pp. 1343-1353; Carlsson, A., The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia 20 years later (1987) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia, pp. 223-235. , H. Häfner, W. F. Gattaz, W. Janzarik, (eds.). Heidelberg, Springer Verlag; Crocetti, G.M., Kulâar, Z., Kesiĉ, B., Lemkau, P.V., Differential rates of schizophrenia in Croatia, Yugoslavia (1964) Am. J. Publ. Health, 54, pp. 196-206; Crocetti, G.M., Lemkau, P.V., Culcar, Z., Kesiĉ, B., Selected aspects of the epidemiology of psychoses in Croatia, Yugoslavia (1971) Am. J. Epidemiology, 94, pp. 126-134; Eagles, J.M., Whalley, L.J., Decline in the diagnosis of schizophrenia among first admissions to Scottish mental hospitals from 1969–1978 (1985) Br. J. Psychiatry, 146, pp. 151-154; Egeland, J.A., Gerhard, D.S., Pauls, D.L., Sussex, J.N., Kidd, K.K., Allen, C.L., Hostetter, A.M., Housman, D.E., Bipolar affective disorders linked to DNA markers on chromosome 11 (1987) Nature, 325, pp. 783-787; Erhardt, A.A., Meyer‐Bahlburg, H.F.L., Idiopathic precocious puberty in girls (1986) Acta En-docrinol., 209, pp. 247-255; Galatzer, Kauli, R., Laron, Z., Intellectual function of girls with precocious puberty (1984) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 246-249; Goldberg, E.M., Morrison, S.L., Schizophrenia and social class (1963) Br. J. Psychiatry, 109, pp. 785-802; Goldman‐Rakid, P.S., (1988), Development of cortical circuitry. International Wallenberg Symposium on Neurobiology and Early Infant Behaviour, Stockholm, August 28‐September 1, 1988; Goldman‐Rakid, P.S., Rakiĉ, P., Experimental modification of gyral pattern (1984) Cerebral Dominance., pp. 179-192. , N. Geschwind, A. M. Galaburda, (eds.). Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press; Goldman‐Rakiĉ, P.S., Isserhof, A., Schwartz, M.L., Bugbee, N.M., The neurobi‐ology of cognitive development (1983) Handbook of Child Psychology: Biology and Infancy Development., pp. 281-344. , P. Mussen, (ed.). N.Y., Wiley; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing height of 7‐year‐old children (1971) Results of the National Child Development Study, 43, pp. 92-111; Häfner, H., The epidemiology of schizophrenia (1987) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia, pp. 47-74. , H. Häfner, W. F. Gattaz, W. Yanzarik, (eds.). Heidelberg, Springer; Hagnell, O., Lanke, J., Rohrsman, B., Øyesjø, L., Are we entering an age of melancholy (1982) Psychol. Med., 12, pp. 279-289; Helgason, T., Epidemiological investigations concerning affective disorders (1979) Origin, Prevention and Treatment of Affective Disorder., pp. 241-255. , M. Schou, E. Strømgren, Academic Press; Hitchfield, E.M., (1973) In Search of Promise., p. 219. , London, Longman; Hoch, P.H., Polatin, P., Pseudoneurotic forms of schizophrenia (1949) Psych. Q., 23, pp. 248-276; Hollingshead, A.B., Redlich, F.C., (1958) Social Class and Mental Illness., , New York, Wiley Publ; Huttenlocher, P.R., Synapse elimination and plasticity in developing human cerebral cortex (1984) Am. J. Ment. Defic., 88, pp. 488-496; Ingvar, D.H., Abnormal distribution of cerebral activity in chronic schizophrenia (1980) Perspectives in Schizophrenia Research., pp. 107-130. , C. Baxter, T. Melnechuk, (eds.). New York, Raven Press; Kaerine, J., Visual spatial memory in Australian aboriginal children of desert regions (1981) Cognitive Psychol., 13, pp. 434-460; Kasanin, J., The acute schizo‐affective psychosis (1933) Am. J. Psychiatry, 13, pp. 97-126; Kennedy, J.L., Gluffra, L.A., Moises, H.W., Cavalli‐Sforza, L.L., Pakstis, A.J., Kidd, J.R., Castiglione, C.M., Kidd, K.K., Evidence against linkage of schizophrenia to markers on chromosome 5 in a northern Swedish pedigree (1988) Nature, 336, pp. 167-170; Kety, S.S., Rosenthal, D., Wender, R., Schulzinger, F., The types and prevalence of mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted schizophrenics (1968) The Transmission of Schizophrenia, , D. Rosenthal, S. S. Kety, (eds.). New York, Pergamon Press; Klerman, G.L., Affective disorders (1978) Harvard Guide to Modern Psychiatry, pp. 253-281. , M. Armand, M. D. Nicholl Jr., (eds.). Cambridge, Mass, USA, Belknap Press; Knight, R.P., (1954) Borderline States in Psychoanalytical Psychiatry and Psychology, , R. P. Knight, C. R. Freidman, (eds.). New York, International University Press; Kretschmer, E., (1921) Körperbau und Charakter., pp. 36-55. , 1961, Heidelberg, Springer Verlag, 23rd and 24th edition, (1961) pp; Langfeldt, G., (1937) The Prognosis in Schizophrenia., p. 225. , Monograph, Copenhagen & Oxford, Munksgaard & Milford Publ; Langfeldt, G., (1939) The Schizophreniforme States., p. 134. , Copenhagen & Oxford, Munksgaard & Milford Publishers; Lehtininen, V., Vaisanen, E., Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Finland (1981) Soc. Psychiatry, 16, pp. 161-180; Levin, S., Frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia ‐ II. Impairment of psychological and brain functions (1984) J. Psychiat. Res., 18, pp. 55-72; Lundquist, G., (1945), Prognosis and course in manic‐depressive psychosis. Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand; Manschreck, T.C., Motor abnormalities in schizophrenia (1986) Handbook of Schizophrenia, 1, pp. 65-95. , H. A. Nasrallah, D. R. Weinberger, (eds.). Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publ; Marchall, W.A., Tanner, J.M., Variation in the pattern of pubertal changes in girls (1969) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 44, pp. 291-303; Marchall, W.A., Tanner, J.M., Variation in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys (1970) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45, pp. 13-23; Marchall, W.A., Tanner, J.M., Puberty (1986) Human Growth, 2, pp. 171-209. , F. Falkner, J. M. Tanner, New York, Plenum Press; Modrzewska, K., The offspring of schizophrenic parents in a North Swedish isolate (1980) Clin. Genet., 17, pp. 191-201; Money, J., Meredith, T., Elevated verbal IQ and idiopathic precocious sexual maturation (1967) Pediatric Research, 1, pp. 59-65; Munk‐Jørgensen, P., The schizophrenia diagnosis in Denmark (1985) Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 72, pp. 266-273; Nielsen, A., Bjørn‐Henriksen, P., (1979) Origin, Prevention and Treatment of Affective Disorders, , M. Schou, E. Strømgren, (eds.) London, Academic Press; Noreik, K., Ødegård, Ø., Age at onset of schizophrenia (1967) Br. J. Psychiatry, 14, pp. 243-249; Ødegård, Ø., Hospitalized psychoses in Norway. Time trends 1925–65 (1971) Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 6, pp. 53-58; Ødegård, Ø., The multifactorial theory of the inheritance in predisposition to schizophrenia (1972) Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia, pp. 256-275. , A. R. Kaplan, (ed.). New York, Ch. Thomas Publ; Ødegård, Ø., Epidemiology of the psychoses (1972) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart., 2 Band, pp. 213-258. , Teil 1, Heidelberg, Springer Verlag; Ødegård, Ø., Social and ecological factors in the etiology, outcome, treatment and prevention of mental disorders (1975) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, 3 Band, pp. 151-198. , Heidelberg, Springer Verlag; Ødegård, Ø., Morbidity and social mobility in an upper class educational group (1975) Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 52, pp. 36-48; Phelps, M., Chugani, H.T., Mazziotta, J.C., (1988), Metabolic assessment of functional maturation and neuronal plasticity of the human brain. International Wallenberg Symposium on Neurodevelopmental Biology and Early Infant Behaviour. Stockholm, August 28‐September 1, 1988; Price, J., An anthropometric comparison of psychiatric patients and their siblings (1969) Br. J. Psychiatry., 115, pp. 435-442; Rakiĉ, P., (1988), Development of the primate visual pathway. International Wallenberg Symposium, Stockholm, August 28‐September 1, 1988; Rawnsley, K., Epidemiology of affective psychoses (1982) Handbook of Psychiatry 3, Psychoses of Uncertain Etiology., pp. 134-140. , J. K. Wing, L. Wing, (eds)., Cambridge University Press; Ribchester, R.R., (1986) Molecule. Nerve and Embryo., p. 200. , Glasgow, Blackie; Roy, C., Choudhure, A., Irvine, D., The prevalence of mental disorders among Saskatchewan Indians (1970) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, pp. 383-392; Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Ernberg, G., Leff, J., Gulbinat, W., Course of schizophrenia in different countries (1987) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia., pp. 107-113. , H. Häfner, W. F. Gattaz, W. Janzarik, (eds.). Berlin, Springer Verlag; Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Cooper, J.E., Day, R., Early manifestations and first‐contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures (1986) Psychol. Med., 16, pp. 909-928; Saugstad, L.F., Mental health and the environment (1987) World Health Forum, 8, pp. 254-255; Saugstad, L.F., Social class, marriage and fertility in schizophrenia: toward a neurodevelopmental etiology of schizophrenia (1988) Schizophr. Bull., 15, pp. 9-43; Saugstad, L.F., Ødegård, Ø., Ingen inter‐nasjonal tilnærming (1980) Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 34, pp. 455-464; Saugstad, L.F., Ødegåd, Ø., Persistent discrepancy in international diagnostic practice since 1970 (1983) Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 68, pp. 501-510; Saugstad, L.F., Ødegård, Ø., In defence of international classification. (Editorial) (1985) Psychol. Med., 15, pp. 1-2; Saugstad, L.F., Ødegård, Ø., Inbreeding and schizophrenia (1986) Clin. Genet., 30, pp. 261-271; Schou, M., Strømgren, E., (1979) Origin, prevention and treatment of affective disorders, p. 299. , London, Academic Press; Shelton, K., Weinberger, D.R., X‐ray computerized tomography studies in schizophrenia (1986) Handbook of Schizophrenia, 1, pp. 207-250. , H. A. Nasrallah, D. R. Weinberger, (eds.) Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publ; Sherrington, R., Brynjolfsson, J., Petursson, H., Potter, M., Dudleston, K., Barraclough, B., Wasmuth, J., Gurling, H., Localization of a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 5 (1988) Nature, 336, pp. 164-167; Singer, K., Physique, personality and mental illness in the Southern Chinese (1972) Br. J. Psychiatry, 121, pp. 315-319; Stenbâck, A., Achtê, K.A., Hospital first admissions and social class (1966) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 42, pp. 113-115; Strømgren, E., (1976) Psykiatri., , 12th Edit., Copenhagen, Munksgaard; Strøingren, E., Schizophrenia (1982) Handbook of Psychiatry 3. Psychoses of Uncertain Etiology, pp. 3-7. , J. K. Wing, L. Wing, Cambridge University Press, 13, 16, 28, 32; Strømgren, E., Changes in the incidence of schizophrenia (1987) The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, pp. 1-7; Vaisanen, E., (1975), pp. 22-23. , Psychiatric disorders in Finland. Acta Psvchiatr. Scand; Verghese, A., Large, P., Chiu, E., The relationship between body build and mental illness (1978) Br. J. Psychiatry, 132, pp. 12-15; Waber, D.P., Sex differences in cognition: a function of maturational rate (1976) Science, 192, pp. 572-574; Waber, D.P., Sex differences in mental abilities, hemispheric lateralization (1977) Dev. Psychol., 13, pp. 29-38; Waber, D.P., Mann, M.B., Merola, J., Moylan, P.M., Physical maturation rate and cognitive performance in early adolescents (1985) Dev. Psychol., 21, pp. 666-681; Warner, R., (1985) Recovery from Schizophrenia. Psychiatry and Political Economy., p. 380. , London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Watt, D.C., Katz, K., Shepherd, M., The natural history of schizophrenia (1983) Psychol. Med., 13, pp. 663-670; Weeke, A., Bille, M., Videbech, T., Dupont, A., Juel‐Nielsen, N., Incidence of depressive symptoms in a Danish County (1975) Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 51, pp. 28-41; Zurif, E.B., Carlsson, G., Dyslexia in relation to cerebral dominance and temporal analysis (1970) Neuropsychologia, 6, pp. 351-361 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024434347&doi=10.1111%2fj.1399-0004.1989.tb03182.x&partnerID=40&md5=65f06e6511557710149289d4a8374429 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol: Part III. PLS analyses of neuropsychologic tests T2 - Neurotoxicology and Teratology J2 - Neurotoxicol. Teratol. VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 493 EP - 507 PY - 1989 DO - 10.1016/0892-0362(89)90026-3 SN - 08920362 (ISSN) AU - Streissguth, A.P. AU - Bookstein, F.L. AU - Sampson, P.D. AU - Barr, H.M. AD - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States AD - Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Institute, the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States AD - Child Development/Mental Retardation Center, the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States AD - Department of Statistics, the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States AD - the Center for Human Growth and Development, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States AB - This paper is the third in a three-part series describing an investigation of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the neurobehavioral functioning of 384 children about 1 2 years old. Here we describe the use of Partial Least Squares for data reduction and analysis of 158 neurobehavioral measures as they relate to 13 aspects of prenatal alcohol exposure. A general alcohol latent variable, emphasizing both binge and regular drinking patterns in the period prior to pregnancy recognition as well as during pregnancy, predicts a pattern of neurobehavioral deficit that includes attentional and memory deficits across both verbal and visual modalities; a variety of "process" variables reflecting poor integration and quality of responses; behavior patterns involving distractibility and poor organization; and an inflexible approach to problem-solving. The prominence of poorer spatial organization and arithmetic as primary outcomes of alcohol teratogenesis suggests a possible "nonverbal learning disability" pattern of deficit associated with prenatal alcohol exposure at the level of social drinking. © 1989. KW - Alcohol teratogenesis KW - Behavioral teratology KW - Birth defects KW - Fetal alcohol effects KW - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome KW - Longitudinal research KW - Memory Latent variables KW - Neuropsychology KW - Partial Least Squares KW - Pregnancy outcome KW - article KW - female KW - fetal alcohol syndrome KW - human KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - memory KW - neuropsychology KW - preschool child KW - psychological aspect KW - teratogenesis KW - teratology KW - Behavior KW - Child KW - Ethanol KW - Female KW - Human KW - Least-Squares Analysis KW - Male KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Prospective Studies KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. N1 - Cited By :124 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NETEE C2 - 2593988 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Streissguth, A.P.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Ethanol, 64-17-5 N1 - References: Alberman, The early prediction of learning disorders (1973) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 15, pp. 202-204; Barr, H. M.; Streissguth, A. P.; Darby, B. L.; Sampson, P. D. Prenatal exposure to alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and aspirin: Effects on neuropsychological, fine motor, and gross motor function in 4-year old children. Dev. Psychol.; in press; Belmont, Stein, Wittes, Birth order, family size and school failure (1976) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 18, pp. 421-430; Blanchard, Riley, Hannigan, Deficits on a spatial navigation task following prenatal exposure to ethanol (1987) Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 9, pp. 253-258; Clarren, Alcohol and brain development (1985) Neuropathology in the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, , J.R. West, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, London; Clarren, Astley, Bowden, Physical anomalies and developmental delays in nonhuman primate infants exposed to weekly doses of ethanol during gestation (1988) Teratology, 37, pp. 561-569; Copeland, Fletcher, Pfefferbaum-Levine, Jaffe, Ried, Maor, Neuropsychological sequelae of childhood cancer in long-term survivors (1985) Pediatrics, 75 (4), pp. 745-753; Davie, Butler, Goldstein, (1972) From birth to seven: A report of the national child development study, , Longman, London; Fedio, Mirsky, Selective intellectual deficits in children with temporal lobe or centrencephalic epilepsy (1969) Neuropsychologia, 7, pp. 287-300; Gluck, Baron, Brallier, Fink, Leikin, Follow-up of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (1980) Pediatr. Res., 14 (4), p. 534; Goff, Anderson, Cooper, Distractibility and memory deficits in long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1980) Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 1 (4), pp. 159-163; Goodlett, Kelly, West, Early postnatal alcohol exposure that produces high blood alcohol levels impairs development of spatial navigation learning (1987) Psychobiology, 15, pp. 64-74; Graham, Ernhart, Thurston, Craft, Development three years after perinatal anoxia and other potentially damaging newborn experiences (1962) Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 76 (3), pp. 1-53; Jacobson, Jacobson, Dowler, Fein, Schwartz, Sensitivity of Fagan's recognition memory test to subtle intrauterine risk (1983) Paper presented at the American Psychological Assn. meeting, , Anaheim, CA; Kelly, Black, West, Changes in the muscarinic: Cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus of rats exposed to ethyl alcohol during the brain growth spurt (1989) J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 249, pp. 798-804; Kelly, Goodlett, Hulsether, West, Impaired spatial navigation in adult female but not adult male rats exposed to alcohol during the brain growth spurt (1988) Behav. Brain Res., 27, pp. 247-257; Landesman-Dwyer, Ragozin, Little, Behavioral correlates of prenatal alcohol exposure: A four-year follow-up study (1981) Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol., 3, pp. 187-193; Levin, Eisenberg, Wigg, Kobayashi, Memory and intellectual ability after head injury in children and adolescents (1982) Neurosurgery, 11 (5), pp. 668-673; Little, Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and decreased birthweight (1977) Am. J. Public Health, 67, pp. 1154-1156; Meadows, Massair, Dergusson, Gordon, Littman, Moss, Declines in IQ scores and cognitive dysfunctions in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with cranial irradiation (1981) Lancet, 2, pp. 1015-1018; Meyer, Riley, Behavioral teratology of alcohol (1986) A handbook of behavioral teratology, pp. 101-140. , E.P. Riley, C.V. Vorhees, Plenum Press, New York; Moss, Nannis, Poplack, The effects of prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system on the intellectual functioning of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (1981) Am. J. Med., 71, pp. 47-52; Needleman, Gunnol, Leviton, Reed, Peresie, Maher, Barrett, Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels (1979) N. Engl. J. Med., 300, pp. 689-695; Porter, O'Conner, Whelan, Mechanisms of alcohol damage in utero (1984) CIBA Foundation Symposium #105, , 2nd edition, Pitman, London; Ramey, Stedman, Borders-Patterson, Mengel, Predicting school failure from information available at birth (1978) Am. J. Ment. Defic., 82, pp. 524-534; Riley, Barron, Hannigan, Response inhibition deficits following prenatal alcohol exposure: A comparison to the effects of hippocampal lesions in rats (1986) Alcohol and brain development, , J.R. West, Oxford University Press, New York; Rourke, Socio-emotional disturbances of learning-disabled children (1988) J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 56, pp. 801-810; Rourke, Young, Leenaars, A childhood learning disability that predisposes those afflicted to adolescent and adult depression and suicide risk (1989) J. Learn. Dis., 22, pp. 169-175; Rutter, Continuities and discontinuities from infancy (1987) Handbook of infant development, , J. Osofsky, John Wiley & Sons, New York; Sampson, Streissguth, Barr, Bookstein, Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol: Part II. Partial Least Squares analysis (1989) Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 11, pp. 477-491; Sampson, Streissguth, Vega-Gonzalez, Barr, Bookstein, (1987) Predicting classroom behavior ratings by prenatal alcohol exposure: Latent variable modeling & non-linear scaling, , University of Washington, Department of Statistics, Technical Report #103, Seattle; Scher, Richardson, Coble, Day, Stoffer, The effects of prenatal alcohol and marijuana exposure: Disturbances in neonatal sleep, cycling, and arousal (1988) Pediatr. Res., 24, pp. 101-105; Strang, Rourke, Adaptive behaviors of children who exhibit specific arithmetic disabilities and associated neuropsychological abilities and deficits (1985) Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Essentials of subtype analysis, , B.P. Rourke, Guilford Press, New York; Streissguth, The behavioral teratology of alcohol: Performance, behavioral and intellectual deficits in prenatally exposed children (1986) Alcohol and brain development, pp. 3-44. , J.R. West, Oxford University Press, New York; Streissguth, Barr, Martin, Maternal alcohol use and neonatal habituation assessed with the Brazelton Scale (1983) Child Dev., 54, pp. 1109-1118; Streissguth, Barr, Martin, Alcohol exposure in utero and functional deficits in children during the first four years of life (1984) Mechanisms of alcohol damage in utero, pp. 176-196. , R. Porter, M. O'Conner, J. Whelan, 2nd edition, CIBA Foundation Symposium No. 105, Pitman, London; Streissguth, Barr, Martin, Herman, Effects of maternal alcohol nicotine and caffeine use during pregnancy on infant mental and motor development (1980) Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 4, pp. 185-189; Streissguth, Barr, Sampson, Bookstein, Darby, Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol: Part I. Research strategy (1989) Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 11, pp. 461-476; Streissguth, Barr, Sampson, Darby, Martin, IQ at age 4 in relation to maternal alcohol use and, smoking during pregnancy (1989) Dev. Psychol., 25 (1), pp. 3-11; Streissguth, Barr, Sampson, Parrish-Johnson, Kirchner, Martin, Attention, distraction, and reaction time at age 7 years and prenatal alcohol exposure (1986) Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol., 8 (6), pp. 717-725; Streissguth, Martin, Barr, Sandman, Kirchner, Darby, Intrauterine alcohol and nicotine exposure: Attention and reaction time in 4-year-old children (1984) Dev. Psychol., 20, pp. 533-541; Streissguth, Martin, Martin, Barr, The Seattle longitudinal prospective study on alcohol and pregnancy (1981) Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol., 3, pp. 223-233; Taylor, Michaels, Mazurs, Bauer, Linden, Intellectual, neuropsychological, and achievement outcomes in children six to eight years after recovery from haemophilus influenza meningitis (1984) Pediatrics, 74 (2), pp. 198-205; Vorhees, Principles in behavioral teratology (1986) Handbook of behavioral teratology, pp. 23-48. , E.P. Riley, C.V. Vorhees, Plenum Press, New York; Vorhees, Mollnow, Behavioral teratogenesis: Long term influences on behavior from early exposure to environmental agents (1987) Handbook of infant development, pp. 913-971. , J.D. Osofsky, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York; Weintraub, Mesulam, Developmental learning disabilities of the right hemisphere: Emotional, interpersonal and cognitive components (1983) Arch. Neurol., 40, pp. 463-485; Werner, Environmental interaction in minimal brain dysfunction (1980) Handbook of minimal brain dysfunction: A critical review, , H.E. Rie, E.D. Rie, Wiley, New York; West, (1986) Alcohol and brain development, , Oxford University Press, London; West, Dewey, Pierce, Black, Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to ethanol permanently alters the rat hippocampus (1984) Mechanisms of alcohol damage in utero, , 4th ed., CIBA Foundation Symposium, 105, Pitman, London; Wilson, Current status of teratology (1977) Handbook of teratology: General principles and etiology, 1, pp. 47-74. , 4th ed., J.G. Wilson, F. Fraser, Plenum Press, New York; Wold, Soft modeling: The basic design and some extensions (1982) Systems under indirect observation: Causality-structure-prediction, 2, pp. 1-54. , 4th ed., North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024805756&doi=10.1016%2f0892-0362%2889%2990026-3&partnerID=40&md5=856e311e037c6a4d2add0e431c2e698c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antecedents of school problems in children born preterm T2 - Journal of Pediatric Psychology J2 - J. Pediatr. Psychol. VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 493 EP - 508 PY - 1988 DO - 10.1093/jpepsy/13.4.493 SN - 01468693 (ISSN) AU - Cohen, S.E. AU - Parmelee, A.H. AU - Sigman, M. AU - Beckwith, L. AD - Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States AD - Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States AD - Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States AB - Data from a prospective longitudinal study of a group of infants born preterm were used to study early antecedents of school learning problems. Twenty-two children with learning problems were compared to 67 children without problems on multiple earlier measures of medical, neurobehavioral, cognitive, and social factors during the first 2 years of life and on concurrent functioning at 8 years. The results indicated that early hazardous medical events were not associated with later learning problems. Differences were found in the infants'own behaviors. The group with learning problems scored significantly lower during early infancy only on measures of neurobehavioral functioning conducted at term date. There were no differences on developmental measures during the 1st year of life although differences appeared in the 2nd year of life. The learning problem group also scored lower on measures of language and nonverbal symbolic functioning in the second year of life. At 8 years, learning problem children had difficulty with verbal comprehension and freedom from distractibility factors on the WISC-R. They were not different on behavior problems as rated by their parents and teachers. © 1988 Plenum Publishing Corporation. KW - Learning problems KW - Longitudinal study KW - Medical complications KW - Neurobehavioral functioning KW - Preterm infants KW - article KW - child KW - cognition KW - human KW - learning disorder KW - longitudinal study KW - newborn KW - physiology KW - prematurity KW - psychological aspect KW - sleep KW - academic achievement KW - behavior KW - clinical article KW - cognition KW - controlled study KW - learning disorder KW - prematurity KW - review KW - Child KW - Cognition KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Learning Disorders KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Sleep KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JPPSD C2 - 3216272 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cohen, S.E.; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1752, United States N1 - References: Achenbach, T.M., Edelbrock, C., (1983) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile; Anders, T.F., Keener, M.K., Kraemer, H., Sleep-wake state organization, neonatal assessment and development in premature infants during the first year of life (1985) Sleep, 8 (2), pp. 193-206; Bayley, N., (1969) Bayley Scales of Infant Development, , New York: Psychological Corp; Beckwith, L., Cohen, S., Home environment and cognitive competence in preterm child during the first 5 years (1984) Home Environment and early cognitive Development: Longitudinal Research, pp. 235-271. , A. W. Gottfried (Ed.), Orlando, FL: Academic Press; Beckwith, L., Parmelee, A.H., EEG patterns of preterm infants, home environment, and later IQ (1986) Child Development, 57, pp. 777-789; Beckwith, L., Thompson, S.D., Recognition of verbal labels of pictured objects and events by 17-30 month-old infants (1976) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19, pp. 690-699; Broman, S., Bien, E., Shaughnessy, P., (1985) Low Achieving Children: The First Seven Years, , Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Cohen, S.E., (1972) Sorting Behavior at 21 Months, , Unpublished manuscript; Cohen, S.E., The low-birthweight infant and learning disabilities (1986) Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Relevant to Learning Disabilities, pp. 153-193. , M. Lewis (Ed.), Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press; Cohen, S.E., Parmelee, A.H., Beckwith, L., Sigman, M., Cognitive development in preterm infants: Birth to 8 years (1986) Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 7, pp. 102-110; Conners, C.K., Rating scale for use in drug studies with children (1973) Psychopharmacology Bulletin [Special Issue: Pharmacotherapy of Children], pp. 24-29; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study, , London: Longman; Derenzi, E., Vignolo, L.A., The token test: A sensitive test to detect receptive disturbances in aphasics (1962) Brain, 85, pp. 665-678; Drillien, C.M., Thompson, A.J.M., Burgoyne, K., Low-birthweight children at early school-age: A longitudinal study (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 26-47; Duane, D.D., Written language underachievement: An overview of the theoretical and practical issues (1985) Dyslexia: A Neuroscientific Approach to Clinical Evaluation, pp. 3-32. , F. H. Duffy & N. Geschwind (Eds.), Boston: Little, Brown; Famham-Diggory, S., Commentary: Time, now, for a little serious complexity (1986) Handbook of Cognitive, Social, and Neuropsychological Aspects of Learning Disabilities, 1, pp. 123-158. , S. J. Ceci (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Gesell, A., (1949) Gesell Developmental Schedules, , New York: Psychological Corp; Gunn, T.R., Lepore, E., Outerbridge, E.W., Outcome at school-age after neonatal mechanical ventilation (1983) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 25, pp. 305-314; Gutkin, T.B., The WISC-R Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, and Freedom from Distractibility Deviation Quotients: Data for practitioners (1979) Psychology in the Schools, 16, pp. 178-183; Hollingshead, A., (1975) The Four-Factor Index of Social Status, , Unpublished manuscript; Jastak, J.F., Jastak, S., (1978) The Wide Range Achievement Test, Manual of Instructions, , Wilmington, DE: Jastak Associates; Kaufman, A.S., Factor analysis of the WISC-R at 11 age levels between 6½ and 16½ years (1975) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, pp. 135-147; Kohn, M., (1977) Social Competence, Symptoms, and under Achievement in Childhood: A Longitudinal Perspective, , Washington, DC: Winston; Kopp, C.B., Risk factors in development (1983) Infancy and the Biology of development, from P. Mussen (Ed.), Manual of Child Psychology, 2, pp. 1081-1188. , M. Haith & J. Campos (Eds.), New York: Wiley; Koppitz, E.M., (1963) The Bender Gestalt Test for Young Children, , New York: Gruñe & Stratton; Leong, C.K., Promising areas of research into learning disabilities with emphasis on reading disabilities (1982) Theory and research in Learning Disabilities, pp. 3-26. , J. P. Das, R. F. Mulchay, & A. E. Wall (Eds.), New York: Plenum Press; Lewis, M., (1986) Learning Disabilities and Prenatal Risk, pp. 7-11. , Preface. In M. Lewis (Ed.), Chicago: University of Illinois Press; Littman, B., Parmelee, A.H., Medical correlates of infant development (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 470-474; Mann, V.A., Why some children encounter reading problems. The contribution of difficulties with language processing and phonological sophistication to early reading disability (1986) Psychological and Educational Perspectives on Learning Disabilities, pp. 133-154. , J. K. Torgesen & B. Y. L. Wong (Eds.), Orlando, FL: Academic Press; McKinney, J.D., The search for subtypes of specific learning disability (1984) Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17, pp. 43-50; Parmelee, A.H., Jr., Garbanati, J.A., Clinical neurobehavioral aspects of state organization in newborn infants (1987) Neonatal Brain and Behavior, pp. 131-144. , H. Yabuuchi, K. Watanabe, & S. Okada (Eds.), Nagoya, Japan: University of Nagoya Press; Parmelee, A.H., Kopp, C.B., Sigman, M., Selection of developmental assessment techniques for infants at risk (1976) Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 22, pp. 177-199; Phye, G.D., Reschly, D.J., (1979) School Psychology: Perspectives and Issues, , New York: Academic Press; Ricciuti, H.N., Object grouping and selective ordering in infants 12 to 24 months (1965) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 11, pp. 129-148; Rubin, R.A., Balow, B., Perinatal influences on the behavior and learning problems in children (1977) Advances in Clinical Child psychology, 1. , B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), New York: Plenum Press; Rutter, M., A children’s behavior questionnaire for completion by teachers: Preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; Satz, P., Fletcher, J.M., Minimal brain dysfunctions: An appraisal of research concepts and methods (1980) Handbook of Minimal Brain Dysfunctions: A Critical Review, pp. 669-714. , H. E. Rie & E. D. Rie (Eds.), New York: Wiley; Sell, E., Gaines, J.A., Man, G., Williams, E., Early identification of learning problems in neonatal intensive care graduates (1985) American Journal of Diseases in Children, 139, pp. 460-463; Sigman, M., Kopp, C.B., Parmelee, A.H., Jeffrey, W.E., Visual attention and neurological organization in neonates (1973) Child Development, 44, pp. 461-466; Thompson, R.J., Behavior problems in children with developmental and learning disabilities (1986) International Academy for Research in Learning Disabilities, 3. , Monograph Series, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Torgesen, J., Problems and prospects in the study of learning disabilities (1975) Review of Child Development Research, 5, pp. 385-440. , M. Hethering-ton (Ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Vellutino, F.R., (1979) Dyslexia: Theory and Research, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Wechsler, D., (1974) Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised, , New York: Psychological Corp; Wender, P.H., (1971) Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Children, , New York: Wiley; Werner, E.E., Environmental interaction in minimal brain dysfunctions (1980) Handbook of Minimal Brain Dysfunctions: A Critical Review, pp. 210-231. , H. E. Rie & E. D. Rie (Eds.), New York: Wiley UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024195050&doi=10.1093%2fjpepsy%2f13.4.493&partnerID=40&md5=a8ea2162baa3559e1c2838e57fa25dc6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CHANGING PREVALENCE OF JUVENILE-ONSET DIABETES MELLITUS T2 - The Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 332 IS - 8602 SP - 88 EP - 90 PY - 1988 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90015-3 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Kurtz, Z. AU - Peckham, CatherineS. AU - Ades, AnthonyE. AD - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdon, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1 1EH AB - Comparison of age-specific prevalence of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus between 1946 and 1958 British cohort birth studies (up to the ages of 26 and 23, respectively) suggests that the overall prevalence of diabetes in young life has not increased, but the disease is manifest at an earlier age in susceptible individuals. © 1988. KW - age KW - child KW - diabetes mellitus KW - human KW - juvenile diabetes mellitus KW - onset age KW - short survey KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Comparative Study KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 2898708 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Kurtz, Z.; Department of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdon, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1 1EH N1 - References: Calnan, Peckham, Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes m the first sixteen years of life (1977) Lancet, 2, pp. 589-590; Patterson, Thorogood, Smith, Heasman, Clarke, Mann, Epidemiology of type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes in Scotland 1968-1976. evidence of an increasing incidence (1983) Diabetologia, 24, pp. 238-243; Stewart-Brown, Haslum, Butler, Evidence for increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in childhood (1983) BMJ, 286, pp. 1855-1857; North, Gorwitz, Sultz, A secular increase in the incidence of juvenile diabetes mellitus (1977) J Pediatr, 91, pp. 706-710; Wadsworth, Jarrett, Incidence of diabetes in the first 26 years of life (1974) Lancet, 2, pp. 1172-1174; Fogelman, (1976) Britain's sixteen year-olds., , National Children's Bureau, London; Catling, Houston, Hill, The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a typical English community (1985) J R Coll Physicians Lond, 19, pp. 248-254; Schliack, 9th Annual Meeting of the European Study Group for the Epidemiology of Diabetes (1974) Lund ESGED; Jefferson, Smith, Baum, Insulin dependent diabetes in under 5 year olds (1985) Arch Dis Child, 60, pp. 1144-1148; Rewers, la Porte, Walczak, Dmochowski, Bogaczynska, Apparent epidemic of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in midwestern Poland (1987) Diabetes, 36, pp. 106-113; Woodrow, Update on insulin dependent diabetes (1983) Br Med J, 286, p. 1683; Tarn, Smith, Spencer, Bottazzo, Gale, Type 1 insulin dependent) diabetes. a disease of slow clinical onset? (1987) Br Med J, 294, pp. 342-345; Irvine, Classification of idiopathic diabetes (1977) Lancet, 1, pp. 638-642; Leslie, Causes of insulin dependent diabetes (1983) Br Med J, 287, pp. 5-6; Rayfield, Seto, Viruses and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (1978) Diabetes, 27, pp. 1126-1142; Helgason, Jonasson, Evidence for a food additive as a cause of ketosis-prone diabetes (1981) Lancet, 2, pp. 716-720; Edelstem, Hughes, Oakes, Gordon, Savage, Height and skeletal maturity in children with newly-diagnosed juvenile-onset diabetes (1981) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 56, pp. 40-44; Diabetes Epidemiology Research International, Preventing insulin dependent diabetes mellitus the environmental challenge (1987) BMJ, 295, pp. 479-481; Gamble, Taylor, Seasonal incidence of diabetes mellitus (1969) Br Med J, pp. 631-633; Fleegler, Rogers, Drash, Rosenbloom, Travis, Court, Age, sex and season of onset of juvenile diabetes in different geographic areas (1979) Pediatrics, 63 (3), pp. 374-379; Bloom, Hayes, Gamble, Register of newly diagnosed diabetic children (1975) Br Med J, 3, pp. 580-583; Sex and juvenile diabetes (1977) Br Med J, 1, pp. 594-595. , Editorial; Michaels, Rogers, A sex difference in immunologic responsiveness (1971) Pediatrics, 47, p. 120; Diabetes mellitus and socioeconomic factors (1982) Lancet, 2, pp. 530-531. , Editorial; West, (1978) Epidemiology of diabetes and its vascular lesions, , Elsevier, New York; Songer, Laporte, Tajima, Height at diagnosis of insulin dependent diabetes in patients and their non-diabetic family members (1986) Br Med J, 292, pp. 1419-1422; Hindmarsh, Matthews, de Silvio, Kurtz, Brook, Relationship between height velocity and fasting insulin concentration in children (1988) Arch Dis Child, 63, pp. 665-666; Hoskins, Leslie, Pyke, Height at diagnosis of diabetes in children; a study in identical twins (1985) Br Med J, 290, pp. 278-280; Rona, Chinn, The National Study of Health and Growth: nutritional surveillance of primary school children from 1972 to 1981 with special reference to unemployment and social class (1984) Ann Human Biol, 11 (1), pp. 17-28; Peckham, Stark, Simonite, Wolff, Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 (1983) Br Med J, 286, pp. 1237-1242; Rolland-Cachera, Deheeger, Pequignot, Guilloud-Bataille, Vinit, Adiposity and food intake in young children: the environmental challenge to individual susceptibility (1988) Br Med J, 296, pp. 1037-1038 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023874988&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2888%2990015-3&partnerID=40&md5=a9e47ffdb973e37fda4212a5f4d58746 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - BR. MED. J. VL - 297 IS - 6658 SP - 1233 EP - 1236 PY - 1988 SN - 02670623 (ISSN) AU - Fogelman, K.R. AU - Manor, O. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom AB - Follow up analyses of data on the 1958 cohort from the national child development study have shown that the association of smoking in pregnancy with physical and intellectual development diverges between the sexes at age 16, no longer being significantly associated with height in girls. These studies, howver, have emphasised that the differences in outcome are small and may be explained by other factors. The analyses have taken account of birth weight and have therefore examined the effects of smoking on subsequent development in addition to this variable. To assess the importance of smoking on development in early adult life and whether the effect is independent of birth weight data from the 1958 cohort at age 23 were analysed. Only weak evidence for a relation between smoking in pregnancy and self reported height of the offspring was apparent once social class, size of family, mothers' height, and birth weight for gestational age were taken into account. After omission of birth weight from the analyses, however, the average difference in height between subjects whose mothers smoked 20 cigarettes a day or more during the second half of pregnancy and those whose mothers did not was 0.93 cm in men and 1.83 cm in women. A strong association was also evident with the highest qualification achieved by subjects at this age, suggesting a long term relation between smoking in pregnancy and the intellectual development of the offspring. Data from the UK National Child Development Study have indicated an association between smoking during pregnancy and subsequent physical and intellectual child development. To determine whether these effects persist into early adulthood, the 1958 birth cohort was studied when members were 23 years of age. Of the 8200 young adults included, 32% had mothers who had smoked during their gestation. The unadjusted difference in the average height of men whose mothers had not smoked and those whose mothers had smoked 20 cigarettes/day or more was 1.42 cm. Adjustment for independent variables (social class, father's occupation, birth weight, maternal height, family size) reduced this difference to 0.5 cm, which is not significant. When birthweight was omitted from the analysis, the adjusted difference was 0.93, which is of marginal statistical significance. In women, the respective differences in height were larger--2.53 cm, 1.57 cm, and 1.83 cm. Thus, these analyses provide little support for an association of physical growth and maternal smoking during pregnancy when social class, family size, birth weight for gestational age, and maternal height are taken into account. This finding is in contrast with analyses conducted on this birth cohort at ages 7 and 11 years, when smoking was significantly relative to the children's height and their achievements in reading and mathematics. It is hypothesized that smoking in pregnancy either affects the rate of growth but not total growth (achieved around years of age) or it affects growth until puberty, when the greater changes occurring at this stage because the effect of maternal smoking. KW - adolescent KW - body height KW - body weight KW - epidemiology KW - human KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - smoking KW - Behavior KW - Biology KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Europe KW - Growth KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Longterm Effects KW - Northern Europe KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Pregnancy KW - Reproduction KW - Research Methodology KW - Smoking KW - Studies KW - Time Factors KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Aging KW - Body Height KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Human KW - Human Development KW - Intelligence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Sex Factors KW - Smoking KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :108 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 3145063 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023691344&partnerID=40&md5=98b3683d1d66287ed7be9dc99137292b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asthma as a link between chest illness in childhood and chronic cough and phlegm in young adults T2 - British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) J2 - Brit. Med. J. VL - 296 IS - 6626 SP - 890 EP - 893 PY - 1988 DO - 10.1136/bmj.296.6626.890 SN - 02670623 (ISSN) AU - Strachan, D.P. AU - Anderson, H.R. AU - Bland, J.M. AU - Peckham, C. AD - Department of Community Medicine, Medical School, University of Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom AB - The link between chest illnesses in childhood to age 7 and the prevalence of cough and phlegm in the winter reported at age 23 was investigated in a cohort of 10 557 British children born in one week in 1958 (national child development study). Both pneumonia and asthma or wheezy bronchitis to age 7 were associated with a significant excess in the prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm at age 23 after controlling for current smoking. This excess was largely attributable to the association of cough and phlegm at age 23 with a history of asthma or wheezy bronchitis from age 16. When adjustment was made for recent wheezing, current cigarette consumption, previous smoking habit, and passive exposure to smoke the relative odds of cough or phlegm, or both, in subjects with a history of childhood chest illness was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.27). When analysed separately asthma, wheezy bronchitis, and pneumonia up to age 7 did not significantly increase the prevalence of either cough or phlegm. The explanation for the observed continuity between chest illness in childhood and respiratory symptoms in later life may lie more in the time course of functional disturbances related to asthma than in the persistence of structural lung damage. © 1988, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - asthma KW - child KW - chronic cough KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - priority journal KW - Asthma KW - Bronchitis KW - Child KW - Chronic Disease KW - Cough KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Male KW - Mucus KW - Pneumonia KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Smoking KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :32 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3129062 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Strachan, D.P.; Department of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene, Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, Sweden N1 - References: Reid, D.D., The beginnings of bronchitis. (1969) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 62, p. 311; Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales. (1986) Br. Med. J., 293, p. 1271; Colley, J.R.T., Reid, D.D., The urban and social origins of childhood bronchitis in England and Wales. (1970) Br. Med. J., p. 213. , ii; Burrows, B., Knudson, R.J., Lebowitz, M.D., The relationship of childhood respiratory illness to adult obstructive airways disease. (1977) Am Rev Respir Dis, 115, p. 751; Colley, J.R.T., Douglas, J.W., Reid, D.D., Respiratory disease in young adults: influence of early childhood lower respiratory tract illness, social class, air pollution, and smoking. (1973) Br. Med. J, p. 195. , B. ;iii; Kiernan, K.E., Colley, J.R., Douglas, J.W., Reid, D.D., Chronic cough in young adults in relation to smoking habits, childhood environment and chest illness. (1976) Respiration, 33, p. 236. , T. B; Britten, N., Wadsworth, J., Long term respiratory sequelae of whooping cough in a nationally representative sample. (1986) Br. Med. J., 292, p. 441; Harnett, R.W.F., Mair, A., Chronic bronchitis and the catarrhal child. (1963) Scot Med J., 8, p. 175; Williams, H., McNicol, K.N., Prevalence, natural history and relationship of wheezy bronchitis and asthma in children. An epidemiological study. (1969) Br. Med. J., p. 321. , iv; Martin, A.J., McLennan, L.A., Landau, L.I., Phelan, P.D., Natural history of childhood asthma to adult life. (1980) Br. Med. J., 280, pp. 1397-1400; Martin, A.J., Landau, L.I., Phelan, P.D., Lung function in young adults who had asthma in childhood. (1980) Am Rev Respir Dis, 122, p. 609; Martin, A.J., Landau, L.I., Phelan, P.D., Asthma from childhood at age 21: the patient and his disease. (1982) Br. Med. J., 284, p. 380; Phelan, P.D., Does adult chronic obstructive lung disease really begin in childhood? (1984) Br J. Dis Chest, 78, pp. 1-9; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal mortality. (1963) First report of the 1958 British perinatal mortality survey, under the auspices of the National Birthday Trust Fund. Edinburgh: Livingstone; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., From birth to seven. (1972) The second report of the national child development study (1958 cohort). London: Longman; Fogelman, K., Britain's sixteen-year-olds. (1976) London: National Children's Bureau, , ed; Fogelman, K., Growing up in Great Britain (1983) papers from the national child development study., , ed. London: MacMillan; Shepherd, P., The national child development study; an introduction to the origins of the study and the methods of data collection. (1986) London: NCDS User Support Group, City University; Medical Research Council. (1966) Questionnaire on respiratory symptoms., , London: Medical Research Council; Medical Research Council Committee on the Aetiology of Chronic Bronchitis. Definition and classification of chronic bronchitis for clinical and epidemiological purposes. (1965) Lancet, p. 775. , i; Nelder, J., Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Patel, S., Peckham, C., The natural history of asthma in childhood. (1986) J Epidemiol Community Health, 40, p. 121. , BakerRJ, The GLIM system manual. Release3. Oxford: Numerical Algorithms Group, 1978. 22; Strachan, D.P., The childhood origins of adult bronchitis in a British cohort born in 1958 (the national child development study). (1986) London: School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, p. 123. , University of London, pp. (MSc thesis.); Watkins, C.J., Burton, P., Leeder, S., Sittampalam, Y., Wever, A.J., Wiggins, R., Doctor diagnosis and maternal recall of lower respiratory illness. (1982) Int J. Epidemiol, 11, p. 62. , M; Goodall, J.F., The natural history of some common respiratory infections in children and some principles in its management. (1958) Wheezy children. J. R Coll Gen Pract, 1, p. 51. , Ill; Fry, J., Acute wheezy chests. (1961) Br. Med. J, p. 227. , i; Strachan, D.P., The prevalence and natural history of wheezing in early childhood. (1985) J. R Coll Gen Pract, 35, p. 182; Woolcock, A.J., Peat, J.K., Salome, C.M., Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma in a rural adult population. (1987) Thorax, 42, p. 361. , et al; Corrao, W.M., Braman, S.S., Irwin, R.S., Chronic cough as the sole presenting manifestation of bronchial asthma. (1979) N Engl J Med, 300, p. 633; Anderson, H.R., Respiratory disease in childhood. (1986) Br. Med. Bull, 42, p. 167; Johnston, I.D.A., Anderson, H.R., Lambert, H.P., Patel, S., Respiratory morbidity and lung function after whooping cough. (1983) Lancet, p. 1104. , ii; Mok, J.Y.Q., Simpson, H., Outcome for acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infancy. (1984) Arch Dis Child, 59, p. 306; McConnochie, K.M., Roghmann, K.J., Bronchiolitis as a possible cause of wheezing in childhood: new evidence. (1984) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 1-10; Peto, R., Speizer, F.E., Cochrane, A.L., The relevance in adults of airflow obstruction, but not of mucus hypersecretion, to mortality from chronic lung disease. (1983) Am Rev Respir Dis, 128, pp. 491-500. , et al. ;; Britten, N., Davies, J.M., C. Colley JRT. Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women. (1987) Br. Med. J., 294, p. 1317 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023928455&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.296.6626.890&partnerID=40&md5=cf0fa3afea2a139b2148fcf0e7fb0afd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - INT. J. OBES. VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 445 EP - 453 PY - 1988 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Power, C. AU - Moynihan, C. AD - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom AB - The changes in weight-for-height of those from different social class backgrounds have been examined in the 1958 longitudinal study. Social class differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity were found to be negligible in childhood but marked by early adulthood, with a greater percentage of overweight and obesity in lower social classes. This difference was three-fold among obese men and two-fold among obese women when respondents were classified on the basis of their own occupation. However, a longer term effect of early class backgrounds also emerged. Children from manual backgrounds were more likely to become overweight and obese young adults (7 per cent of those with average weight-for-height at age 7) compared with their non-manual contemporaries (3 per cent). Interestingly, they were also more likely to remain overweight or obese through to early adulthood. Methods preventing weight gain in early life, whilst poorly developed at present, need to ensure that approaches are relevant to young people with lower social class backgrounds. KW - childhood KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - height KW - human KW - human experiment KW - longitudinal study KW - major clinical study KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - social class KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Risk Factors KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :95 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 3235263 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023781387&partnerID=40&md5=6d9ff4a0f686c13dfe9f3e78aabcfa80 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The development of cohort studies in epidemiology: A review T2 - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology J2 - J. Clin. Epidemiol. VL - 41 IS - 12 SP - 1217 EP - 1237 PY - 1988 DO - 10.1016/0895-4356(88)90027-3 SN - 08954356 (ISSN) AU - Liddell, F.D.K. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Que. H3A 1A2, Canada AB - An historical outline of the evolution of cohort (or incidence) studies spans well over 100 years, from the work of Farr and Snow in the 1850s, through an appraisal of analytical methods in 1977, after which the literature mushroomed. Since the early 1950s, analysis has conventionally taken the form of comparing subcohorts that had suffered varying degrees of exposure to factor(s) under investigation. For this purpose the "subject-years" approach to data reduction has now become virtually universal. Usually, some population's mortality (or morbidity) experience is used as reference, but there is continuing controversy over the choice of reference population, while difficulties arise in relation to study intervals, periods over which exposures should be measured, etc. The material for analysis becomes age- and periodic-specific ratios of disease, which, collapsed over ages and periods, lead to Standardized Mortality (or Morbidity) Ratios. For the analysis itself, Poisson regression models are efficient. From the late 1970s, analysis by case-referent methods has become common; here, the debate centres on how closely, and in what ways, referents should be matched with the cases. Logistic regression is the most common form of analysis. As there have been excellent recent summaries of methods of analysis (for both approaches), little emphasis is placed here on those aspects of development. Comparisons are made of research designs, and some possibilities for future development are outlined. © 1988. KW - "Healthy worker effect" KW - Age-period-cohort analysis KW - Case-cohort KW - Case-minicohort KW - Case-referent-within-a-cohort KW - Cohort analysis KW - Exposure measures KW - Incidence studies Logistic regression KW - Occupational cohorts KW - Reference population KW - Study intervals Subject-years KW - Transient states KW - epidemiology KW - exposure KW - follow up KW - history KW - human KW - measurement KW - methodology KW - mortality KW - nomenclature KW - population KW - priority journal KW - regression analysis KW - review KW - sampling KW - Cohort Studies KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - History of Medicine, 19th Cent. KW - History of Medicine, 20th Cent. KW - Mortality KW - Research Design KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :28 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JCEPE C2 - 3062142 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Liddell, F.D.K.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Que. H3A 1A2, Canada N1 - References: Doll, Retrospective and prospective studies (1964) Medical Surveys and Clinical Trials: Some Methods and Applications of Group Research in Medicine, pp. 71-98. , L.J. Witts, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, London; Last, (1983) A Dictionary of Epidemiology, , Oxford University Press, New York; Cochrane, (1972) Effectiveness and Efficiency, , Nufiield Provincial Hospitals Trust, Abingdon; Truelove, Follow-up studies (1964) Medical Surveys and Clinical Trials: Some Methods and Applications of Group Research in Medicine, pp. 99-114. , L.J. Witts, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, London; Hill, (1984) A Short Textbook of Medical Statistics, pp. 272-277. , 11th edn, Hodder & Stoughton, London; Doll, Hill, Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking a second report on the mortality of British doctors (1956) BMJ, 2, pp. 1071-1081; White, Bailar, III, Retrospective and prospective methods of studying association in medicine (1956) Am J Publ Health, 46, pp. 35-44; Frost, Risk of persons in familial contact with pulmonary tuberculosis (1933) American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 23, pp. 426-432; Springett, What is a cohort? (1979) Br Med J, 1, p. 126; Jacobs, What is a cohort? (1979) Br Med J, 1, p. 266; Frost, Letter to the late Dr. Edgar Sydenstricker, 1935 (1939) Am J Hyg, 30, pp. 91-92; Frost, The age selection of mortality from tuberculosis in successive decades (1939) Am J Hyg, 30, pp. 91-96; Korteweg, The age curve in lung cancer (1951) Br J Cancer, 5, pp. 21-27; McDonald, Springett, The decline of tuberculosis mortality in Western Europe (1954) Br Med Bull, 10, pp. 77-81; Alderson, (1976) An Introduction to Epidemiology, pp. 27-29. , Macmillan, London; Liddell, McDonald, Thomas, Methods of cohort analysis appraisal by application to asbestos mining (1977) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 140, pp. 469-491. , (With discussion.); Breslow, Cohort Analysis in Epidemiology (1985) A Celebration of Statistics: The ISI Centenary Volume, pp. 109-143. , A.C. Atkinson, S.E. Fienberg, Springer-Verlag, New York; Kupper, Janis, Karmous, Greenberg, Statistical age-period-cohort analysis: a review and critique (1985) J Chron Dis, 38, pp. 811-830; Holford, An alternative approach to statistical age-period-cohort analysis (1985) J Chron Dis, 38, pp. 831-836; Case, Lea, Mustard gas poisoning chronic bronchitis and lung cancer (1955) Br J Prev Soc Med, 9, pp. 62-72; Hill, Doll, Galloway, Hughes, Virus diseases in pregnancy and congenital defects (1958) Br J Prev Soc Med, 12, pp. 1-7; Breslow, Day, (1980) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research I: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies, , International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Susser, Adelstein, Introduction to Humphreys NA (1885) Vital Statistics: A emorial Volume of Selections from the Reports and Writings of William Farr, , Ed., Sanitary Institute, London, (Reprinted Metuchen NJ: Scarecrow; 1975.); Louis, (1835) Recherches sur les Effets de la Saignée dens quelques Maladies inflammatoire, , Baillière, Paris; Semmelweis, (1861) The Etiology, the Concept and the Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever, , Harleben's Verlags-Expedition, Pest, Vienna and Leipzig; Semmelweis, (1941) Medical Classics, 5, pp. 350-772. , Translated by RP Murphy, and reprinted in; Farr, The Mortality o: Cholera in England, 1848–1849 (1885) Vital Statistics: A Memorial Volume of Selections from the Reports and Writings of William Farr, pp. 333-351. , 2nd edn., N.A. Humphreys, Sanitary Institute, London; Farr, 17th Annual Report (1885) Vital Statistics: A Memorial Volume of Selections from the Reports and Writings of William Fan, pp. 357-363. , 2nd edn., N.A. Humphreys, Sanitary Institute, London; Snow, (1854) On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, , 2nd edn., Curchill, London; Terris, The changing relationships of epidemiology and society The Robert Cruikshank Lecture (1985) Journal of Public Health Policy, 5, pp. 15-36; Terris, (1964) Goldberger on Pellagra, , Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Population Investigation Committee, (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford University Press, London; Atkins, Cherry, Douglas, Kiernan, Wadsworth, The 1946 British cohort: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research: an Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 25-30. , S.A. Mednick, A.E. Baert, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Sörbom, A statistical model for analysis of longitudinal data: LISREL (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research: an Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 16-19. , S.A. Mednick, A.E. Baert, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Mednick, Baert, (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research: an Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Benjamin B. Personal communications from Professor Bernard Benjamin to the author; 1987; Shepherd, The National Child Development Study (1985) NCDS Working Paper No. 1, , The City University Social Statistics Research Unit, London; Doll, The causes of death among gas-workers with special reference to cancer of the lung (1952) Br J Ind Med, 9, pp. 180-185; Doll, Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers (1955) Br J Ind Med, 12, pp. 81-86; Beebe, The atomic bomb survivors and the problem of low-dose radiation effects (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 114, pp. 761-783; Jones, Smith, Pooley, Berry, Sawle, Madeley, Wignall, Aggarwal, The consequences of exposure to asbestos dust in a wartime gas-mask factory (1980) Biological Effects of Mineral Fibres, 2, pp. 637-653. , J.C. Wagner, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; McDonald, McDonald, Mesothelioma after crocidolite exposure during gas mask manufacture (1978) Environ Res, 17, pp. 340-346; Doll, Lung cancer and cigarette smoking (1959) Acta UICC, 15, pp. 417-423; Court Brown, Doll, Leukaemia and Aplastic Anaemia in Patients Irradiated for Ankylosing Spondyfltis (1957) Medical Research Council Special Report Series 295, , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London; Doll R. Personal communications from Sir Richard Doll FRS to the author; 1985–1987; McDonald, Maternal health and congenital defect: a prospective investigation (1958) N Engl J Med, 258, pp. 767-773; Kagan, Dawber, Kannel, Rovotskie, The Framingham study: a prospective study of coronary heart disease (1962) Fedn Proc, 21, pp. 52-57. , (Suppl. 11); Cornfield, Joint dependence of risk of coronary heart disease on serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure: a discriminant function analysis (1962) Fedn Proc, 21, pp. 58-61. , (Suppl. 11); Mantel, Synthetic retrospective studies and related topics (1973) Biometrics, 29, pp. 479-486; Kupper, McMichael, Spirtas, A hybrid epidemiological study design useful in estimating relative risk (1975) J Am Stat Assoc, 70, pp. 524-528; Enterline, Mortality among asbestos products workers in the United States (1965) Ann NY Acad Sci, 132, pp. 156-165; Enterline, Henderson, Type of asbestos and respiratory cancer in the asbestos industry (1973) Arch Environ Health, 27, pp. 312-317; Berry, The analysis of mortality by the subjectyears method (1983) Biometrics, 39, pp. 173-184; Higgins, Keller, Predictors of mortality in the adult population of Tecumseh (1970) Arch Environ Health, 21, pp. 418-424; Fox, Goldblatt, (1982) Longitudinal Study: Sociodemographic Mortality Differentials, , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, Series LS no. 1; McDonald, Becklake, Gibbs, McDonald, Rossiter, The health of chrysotile asbestos mine and mill workers of Quebec (1974) Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 28, pp. 61-68; Liddell, Occupational mortality in relation to exposure (1975) Arch Environ Health, 30, pp. 266-267; Cox, Regression models and life tables (1972) J R Stat Soc B, 34, pp. 187-202; Hill, Principles of medical statistics. XI. Life tables and survival after treatment (1937) Lancet, 1, pp. 646-648; Berry, Newhouse, Mortality of workers manufacturing friction materials using asbestos (1983) Br J Ind Med, 40, pp. 1-7; Lexis, (1875) Einleitung in die Theorie der BevölkerungsStatistik, , Trulner, Strasbourg; Wilson, Rees, Spatial demography: some comments (1976) Statistician, 25, pp. 59-61. , Cited; Liddell, The measurement of occupational mortality (1960) Br J Ind Med, 17, pp. 228-233; Frome, The analysis of rates using Poisson regression models (1983) Biometrics, 39, pp. 665-674; Gardner, (1984) Expected Numbers in Cohort Studies. Proceedings of a Meeting held on 21st May 1984 at the MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, , Medical Research Council Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton; Fox, Collier, Low mortality rates in industrial cohort studies due to selection for work and survival in the industry (1976) Br J Prev Soc Med, 30, pp. 225-230; Goldsmith, What do we expect from an occupational cohort? (1975) J Occup Health, 17, pp. 126-127; McDonald, McDonald, Gibbs, Siemiatycki, Rossiter, Mortality in the asbestos mines and mills of Quebec (1971) Arch Environ Health, 22, pp. 677-686; Hartz, Giefer, Hoffmann, A comparison of two methods for calculating expected mortality (1983) Stat Med, 2, pp. 381-386; Keiding, Vaeth, Calculating expected mortality (1986) Stat Med, 2, pp. 327-334; Breslow, Day, (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research II: The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, , International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; Lubin, Gail, Biased selection of controls for case-control analyses of cohort studies (1984) Biometrics, 40, pp. 63-75; Robins, Gail, Lubin, More on “biased selection of controls for case-control analyses of cohort studies” (1986) Biometrics, 42, pp. 293-299; Breslow, Design and analysis of case-control studies (1982) Ann Rev Publ Health, 3, pp. 29-54; Fox, Vinyl chloride and mortality? (1976) Lancet, 2, p. 417; Mantel, Byar, Evaluation of response-time data involving transient states an illustration using hearttransplant data (1974) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, pp. 81-86; McDonald, Liddell, Gibbs, Eyssen, McDonald, Dust exposure and mortality in chrysotile mining, 1910–1975 (1980) Br J Ind Med, 37, pp. 11-24; Liddell, Hanley, Relations between asbestos exposure and lung cancer SMRs in occupational cohort studies (1985) Br J Ind Med, 42, pp. 389-396; Thomas, Statistical methods for analyzing effects of temporal patterns of exposure on cancer risks (1983) Scand J Work Environ Health, 9, pp. 353-366; Armstrong, Oakes, Effects of approximation in exposure assessments on estimates of exposureresponse relationships (1982) Scand J Work Environ Health, 8, pp. 20-23; Berry, Dose response in case-control studies (1980) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 34, pp. 217-222; Doll, Peto, Cigarette smoking and bronchial carcinoma: dose and time relationship among regular smokers and lifelong non-smokers (1978) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 32, pp. 303-313; Liddell, Thomas, Gibbs, McDonald, Fibre exposure and mortality from pneumoconiosis, respiratory and abdominal malignancies in chrysotile production in Quebec, 1926–1975 (1984) Ann Acad Med Singapore, 13, pp. 340-344. , (Suppl.); Tango, Statistical model of changes in repeated multivariate measurements associated with the development of disease (1985) Computational Stat Data Anal, 3, pp. 77-88; Liddell, McDonald, Survey design and analysis (1981) Recent Advances in Occupational Health, pp. 95-105. , J.C. McDonald, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Oakes, McDonald, Restricted cohort study designs (1982) Scand J Work Environ Health, 8, pp. 30-33; Armitage, Discussion of the Paper by Professors Liddell and McDonald and Dr Thomas (1977) J R Stat Soc A, 140, p. 488; Stewart, A Multivariate Statistical Approach to the Problem of Infections During the Early Months of Pregnancy and Their Relationship to Abortion, Still Birth, Congenital Malformations, and Neonatal and Infant Mortality (1974) MSc Thesis, , McGill University, Montreal; Liddell, To bias or not to bias that is the question (1983) Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 9, p. 57; Prentice, A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials (1986) Biometrika, 75, pp. 1-11; Boivin, Wacholder, The case-cohort design for internal and external comparison (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, p. 522; Tolonen, Nurminen, Herberg, Ten-year coronary mortality of workers exposed to carbon disulfide (1979) Scand J Work Environ Health, 5, pp. 109-114; Walker, Efficient assessment of confounder effects in matched follow-up studies (1982) Applied Statistics, 31, pp. 293-297; Breslow, Lubin, Marek, Langholz, Multiplicative models and cohort analysis (1983) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 78, pp. 1-12; Hanley, Liddell, Fitting relationships between exposure and Standardized Mortality Ratios (1985) J Occup Med, 27, pp. 555-560; Acheson, Gardner, (1983) Asbestos: The Control Limit for Asbestos, , H.M.S.O. for Health and Safety Commission, London; Berry, The mortality of workers certified by Pneumoconiosis Medical Panels as having asbestosis (1981) Br J Ind Med, 38, pp. 130-137; Liddell, Excess PYLL for occupational mortality comparisons (1979) Int J Epidemiol, 8, pp. 185-186; Tsai, Wen, A review of methodological issues of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in occupational cohort studies (1986) Int J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 8-21; Liddell, Statistical approaches to cohort studies in epidemiology: an overview (1985) Proceedings of the 45th Session, Amsterdam 1985: Invited Papers. Bull Int Stat Inst, pp. 1-16. , LI, Book 1, Paper 3.1; McDonald, Health implications of environmental exposure to asbestos (1985) Environ Health Perspect, 62, pp. 319-328; Sorahan, (1984) Comparison of Expected Numbers using the Poisson Test of Statistical Significance: Power Considerations, , Cancer Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, (privately circulated) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024270334&doi=10.1016%2f0895-4356%2888%2990027-3&partnerID=40&md5=af777797506ed6ca12145a6fc7173847 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The longitudinal study of the Northern Finland birth cohort of 1966 T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 88 PY - 1988 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00180.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Rantakallio, P. AD - Department of Public Health Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland AB - Summary. The Northern Finland birth cohort comprises 12058 live births in 1966–96.3% of all births in the region. The investigation was started during pregnancy and the last follow‐up of the total series was at the age of 14 years, when the coverage was still large. Smaller samples of the children and data for the study population from national registers were also examined for the older age groups. The health and development of the children was studied, with special emphasis placed on obtaining reliable incidence figures for neurological handicaps and their correlation with perinatal events. In particular, the correlation between low birthweight and handicapping conditions was documented thoroughly. The indicators predictive of low birthweight among the biological characteristics of the mother and the social conditions of the mother and family, included maternal smoking during pregnancy. The latter was associated not only with adverse perinatal outcome but also with reduction in educational achievement and height among survivors. Copyright © 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - adolescent KW - alcoholism KW - birth KW - brain injury KW - cerebral palsy KW - child KW - clinical article KW - cohort analysis KW - congenital malformation KW - epilepsy KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - fatality KW - female KW - fetus growth KW - follow up KW - handicapped child KW - hearing impairment KW - human KW - infant KW - low birth weight KW - male KW - mental deficiency KW - methodology KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - psychomotor development KW - review KW - risk factor KW - smoking KW - working mother KW - Adolescent KW - Central Nervous System Diseases KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Disabled Persons KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Health Surveys KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature, Diseases KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Mortality KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Risk Factors N1 - Cited By :230 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2976931 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rantakallio, P.; Department of Public Health Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90220, Finland N1 - References: Rantakallio, P., (1969), pp. 50-71. , Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality. Acta Paediatr. Scand; Rantakallio, P., (1974), pp. 1-46. , The unwanted child. Acta Univers. Oulensis, Series D, Medica No. 8; Hartikainen, A‐L., (1973), pp. 1-89. , Tutkimus Pohjois‐Suomen synnyttäjistä. English summary: A study of parturient mothers in Northern Finland. Acta Univers. Ouluensis, Series D, Medica No. 4; Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., Koivu, M., Prognosis of perinatal brain damage: A prospective study of a one year birth cohort of 12000 children (1987) Early Hum. Dev, 15, pp. 75-84; Rantakallio, P., Relationship of maternal smoking to morbidity and mortality of the child up to the age of five (1978) Acta Paediatr. Scand, 67, pp. 621-631; von Wendt, L., Mäkinen, H., Rantakallio, P., Psychomotor development in the first year and mental retardation ‐ a prospective study (1984) J. Ment. Defic. Res, 28, pp. 219-225; Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., Mental retardation and sub‐normality in a birth cohort of 12000 children in Northern Finland (1986) Am. J. Ment. Defic, 90, pp. 380-387; Rantakallio, P., A 14‐year follow‐up of children with normal and abnormal birth weight for their gestational age‐a population study (1985) Acta Paediatr. Scand, 74, pp. 62-69; Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., Risk factors for mental retardation (1985) Arch. Dis. Child, 60, pp. 946-952; Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., A prospective comparative study of the aetiology of cerebral palsy and epilepsy in a one‐year birth cohort of Northern Finland (1986) Acta Paediatr. Scand, 75, pp. 586-592; Rantakallio, P., Krause, U., Krause, K., The use of the ophthalmological services during the pre‐school age, ocular findings and family backgrounds (1978) J. Paediatr. Opthalmol. Strabismus, 15, pp. 253-258; Krause, K., Krause, U., Rantakallio, P., Regional differences in the use of ophthalmological services during the pre‐school period (1978) Nordic Council for Arctic Medical Research Report, 23, pp. 20-25; Krause, U., Krause, K., Rantakallio, P., Sex differences in refraction errors up to the age of 15 (1982) Acta Opthalmologica, 60, pp. 917-926; Sorri, M., Rantakallio, P., Prevalence of hearing loss at the age of 15 in a birth cohort of 12000 children from Northern Finland (1985) Scand Audiol, 14, pp. 203-207; Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Rantakallio, P., Antenatal care and identification of risk pregnancies in Northern Finland (1983) Nordic Council for Arctic Medical Research Report, 36, pp. 15-18; Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Perinataalistatus 1982 (1985) Suomen Lääkärilehti, 40, pp. 2093-2098; Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., (1986), pp. 119-170. , Perinatalvård i Finland. In: Perinatal Omsorg i de Nordiske Lande Nordisk Ministerråd, Dike København, ISBN 87‐16‐06639‐1; Rantakallio, P., (1971), pp. 1-67. , The effect of a northern climate on seasonality of births and outcome of pregnancies. Acta Paediatr. Scand; Rantakallio, P., Inequalities in children's deaths in the country with the lowest infant mortality (1986) Public Health. Soc. Community Med., 100, pp. 152-155; Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Sipilä, P., Koivu, M., Rantakallio, P., Changes of some perinatal factors and operative deliveries in 20 years in Northern Finland. Arctic Medical Research, Abstracts 7th International Congress of Circumpolar Health, 8‐12th of June (1987) Umeå, Sweden., 45, p. 27; Rantakallio, P., Predictive indices of neonatal morbidity and mortality (1974) Clinical Perinatology, pp. 409-421. , Editors:, S. Aladjem, A. K. Brown,. St. Louis:, C.V. Mosby; Rantakallio, P., Predictive indices of neonatal morbidity and mortality (1980) Clinical Perinatology, pp. 444-459. , 2nd edn, Editors:, S. Aladjem, A.K. Brown, C. Sureau,. St. Louis:, C.V. Mosby; Sipilä, P., Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Rantakallio, P., The influence of twenty years on the demographic and social factors of parturients in Northern Finland. Arctic Medical Research, Abstracts 7th International Congress of Circumpolar Health, 8‐12th of June (1987) Umeå, Sweden., 45, p. 68; Rantakallio, P., The optimum birth weight (1968) Ann. Paediatr. Fenn., 14, pp. 66-70; Rantakallio, P., (1973), The assessment of small‐for‐dates infants and associated socio‐biological factors. Ann. Chir. Gynaecol. Fenn., 50, 47; Koivu, M., Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Sipilä, P., Rantakallio, P., The changing panorama of neonatal illness‐a prospective birth cohort study in Northern Finland in 1966 and in 1985. Arctic Medical Research, Abstracts 7th International Congress of Circumpolar Health, 8‐12th of June (1987) Umeå, Sweden, 45, p. 36; Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Sipilä, P., (1987), Changes in the intra‐uterine weight gain curve in Northern Finland over 20 years. XI Scientific Meeting of the International Epidemiological Association, Helsinki; Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Sipilä, P., Rantakallio, P., (1987), Changes in caesarean section practice from 1966 to 1985. XI Scientific Meeting of the International Epidemiological Association, Helsinki; Koivu, M., Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Sipilä, P., Rantakallio, P., (1987), Neonatal diseases in Northern Finland‐a prospective birth cohort study in 1966 and in 1985. XI Scientific Meeting of the International Epidemiological Association, Helsinki; von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Saukkonen, A‐L., Tuisku, M., Mäkinen, H., Cerebral palsy and additional handicaps in a one‐year birth cohort of Northern Finland‐a prospective follow‐up study to the age of 14 years (1985) Ann. Clin. Res, 17, pp. 156-161; von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Saukkonen, A‐L., Mäkinen, H., Epilepsy and associated handicaps in a 1 year birth cohort in Northern Finland (1985) Eur. J. Pediatr, 144, pp. 149-151; Rantakallio, P., (1984), Mental subnormality and neurological disorders in a 1966 birth cohort from Northern Finland: study design and some methodological aspects concerning the interpretation of the results. Paper given in a Research Symposium of Nordic Council: Prevalence and early identification of mental and neurological disorders in children, Oulu, 2431; Rantakallio, P., Social class differences in mental retardation and subnormality (1987) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 15, pp. 63-66; Similä, S., von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Kehitysvammaisuuden esiintyminen ja erityishuoltopalveluiden toteutuminen lapsilla Pohjois‐Suomessa (1986) Sosiaalinen Aikakauskirja, 4, pp. 32-34; Similä, S., von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Mortality of mentally retarded children up to 17 years of age, assessed in a prospective one‐year cohort (1986) J. Ment. Defic. Res., 30, pp. 401-405; Similä, S., von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Kehitysvammaisten kuolleisuus lapsuusiäs‐sä (1987) Sosiaalilääketieteellinen aikakauslehti, 1, pp. 33-39; von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., (1986), pp. 280-282. , Congenital malformations of the central nervous system in a one‐year birth cohort followed to the age of 14 years. Child's Nerv. Syst; Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., von Wendt, L., Obstetric risk factor for neurological disablement: a population study. (in press); Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., Prognosis for low birth weight infants up to the age of 14‐a population study (1985) Dev. Med. Child. Neurol, 27, pp. 655-663; Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., Mäkinen, H., Influence of social background on psychomotor development in the first year of life and its correlation with later intellectual capacity: a prospective cohort study (1985) Early Hum. Dev., 11, pp. 141-148; Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., Trauma to the nervous system and its sequelae in a one‐year birth cohort followed up to the age of 14 years (1985) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 39, pp. 353-356; Rantakallio, P., Leskinen, M., von Wendt, L., Incidence and prognosis of central nervous system infections in birth cohort of 12000 children (1986) Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 18, pp. 287-294; Rantakallio, P., Lapinleimu, K., Mäntyjärvi, R., Coxsackie B 5 outbreak in the newborn nursery with 17 cases of serous meningitis (1970) Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 2, pp. 17-23; Rantakallio, P., Saukkonen, A‐L., Krause, U., Lapinleimu, K., Follow‐up study of 17 cases of neonatal coxsackie B 5 meningitis and one with suspected myocarditis (1970) Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 2, pp. 25-28; Rantakallio, P., Health consequences of maternal smoking during pregnancy (1983) Public Health Rev, 11, pp. 55-71; Rantakallio, P., The effect of maternal smoking on birth weight and subsequent health of the child (1978) Early Hum. Dev., 2, pp. 371-382; Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen‐Sorri, A‐L., Relationship between birth weight, smoking during pregnancy and maternal weight gain (1981) Am. J. Epidemiol, 113, pp. 590-595; Rantakallio, P., Koiranen, M., (1987), Neurological handicaps among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Prev. Med; Rantakallio, P., A follow‐up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy (1983) Acta Paediatr. Scand, 72, pp. 747-753; Rantakallio, P., Growth in the 14‐year‐old children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy (1984) Human Growth and Development, pp. 109-113. , Editors:, J. Borms, R. Hauspie, A. Sand, C. Susanne, M. Hebbelinck,. New York:, Plenum; Rantakallio, P., Social background of mothers who smoke during pregnancy and influence of these factors on the offspring (1979) Soc. Sci. Med., 13 A, pp. 423-429; Rantakallio, P., (1984), pp. 140-153. , Surveillance à long terme (14 ans) denfants nés de mÈres ayant fumé pendant la grossesse. 4 Progrés en Néonatologie, XIVes Journées Nationales de Néonatologie, Editors:, A. Minkowski, J.‐P. Relier., Paris: Société Nationale de Néonatalogie, ISBN 3–8055‐3946‐0; Rantakallio, P., Mäkinen, H., The effect of maternal smoking on the timing of deciduous tooth eruption (1983) Growth, 47, pp. 122-128; Rantakallio, P., Mäkinen, H., Number of teeth at the age of one year in relation to maternal smoking (1984) Ann. Hum. Biol., 11, pp. 45-52; Rantakallio, P., (1718), Unwanted child. The Northern Finland birth cohort, a longitudinal study. Paper given in an International Workshop on Longitudinal Studies on Unwanted Children, Oulu; Rantakallio, P., Myhrman, A., (1980), pp. 881-887. , The child and family eight years after undesired conception. Scand. J. Soc. Med; Myhrman, A., (1982) Undesired pregnancy and children's life circumstances, pp. 68-82. , Helsinki:, Yearbook of Population Research Institute; Myhrman, A., Sex of previous children and desirability of the next child: A follow‐up study of unwanted child (1986) Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, 19, pp. 54-59; Myhrman, A., Longitudinal studies on unwanted child. A review on studies in Praque and Northern Finland (1986) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 14, pp. 57-59; Myhrman, A., The Northern Finland cohort: A follow‐up study of children unwanted at birth (1987) Unwanted Children, , editor:, H.P. David,. New York:, Springer Publishing Company; Rantakallio, P., (1983), Effect of demographic factors, maternal smoking and working conditions on birth weight in Northern Finland. Paper given in a 4. Nordiske seminar om arbeidsmiljø og fosterskader, København 24‐25th of October; Rantakallio, P., Family background to and personal characteristics underlying teenage smoking (1983) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 11, pp. 17-22; Myhrman, A., Rantakallio, P., Living habits of children in one‐parent families. Arctic Medical Research, Abstracts 7th International Congress of Circumpolar Health, 8‐12th of June (1987) UmeA, Sweden, 45, p. 53; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., The Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy (1978) Adv. Neurol, 19, pp. 421-435; Amnell, G., (1974) Mortalitet och kronisk morbiditet i barnådern, , Helsinki:, Samfundet folkälsan; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Lewerth, A., Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children (1981) Acta Paed. Scand, 70, pp. 445-452; Birch, H.G., Richardson, S.A., Baird, D., (1970) Mental Subnormality in the Community. A Clinical and Epidemiological Study, pp. 1-200. , Baltimore:, Williams and Wilkins; Goldstein, H., Peckham, C., Birthweight, gestation, neonatal mortality and child development (1976) The Biology of Human Fetal Growth, pp. 81-102. , Editors:, D. F. Roberts, A.M. Thomson,. London:, Taylor and Francis; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh:, E&S Livingstone; Yerushalmy, H., Infants with low birthweight born before their mothers started to smoke cigarettes (1972) Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol, 112, pp. 277-284; Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy: some notes on the statistical controversy (1977) Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 31, pp. 13-17; Yerushalmy, H., The relationship of parents smoking to outcome of pregnancy ‐implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed association (1971) Am. J. Epidemiol, 93, pp. 443-456; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) Brit. Med. J, 4, pp. 573-575 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023946605&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1988.tb00180.x&partnerID=40&md5=59f73fedb2bad2f3b335c0eb0fd62014 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birth order and birth weight reexamined T2 - Obstetrics and Gynecology J2 - Obstet. Gynecol. VL - 72 IS - 2 SP - 158 EP - 162 PY - 1988 SN - 00297844 (ISSN) AU - Seidman, D.S. AU - Ever-Hadani, P. AU - Stevenson, D.K. AU - Slater, P.E. AU - Harlap, S. AU - Gale, R. AD - Bikur Cholim Hospital, Hebrew University Hadassah, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel AD - Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States AB - We studied the longitudinal association of birth order and birth weight in two series of very large sibships, each consisting of at least seven children, and compared the findings with those based on analysis of cross-sectional data from a large population-based survey, the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. The birth weights of the cross-sectional sample were adjusted by multiple linear regression for a number of factors known to confound cross-sectional studies, including maternal age, education, marital status, religion, smoking, height and prepregnant weight, gestational age, and sex of the newborn. Birth weight increased with increasing birth order in both adjusted cross-sectional and socioeconomically homogeneous longitudinal data. © 1988 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. KW - birth order KW - birth weight KW - diagnosis KW - female KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Birth Order KW - Birth Weight KW - Comparative Study KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Family Characteristics KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Israel KW - Jews KW - Parity KW - Prospective Studies KW - Regression Analysis KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :49 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3260664 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Stevenson, D.K.; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States N1 - References: Petitti, D.B., Weight to place on birth weight (1983) JAMA, 250, p. 2032; Trinidade, C.E.P., De Nobrega, F.J., Rudge, M.C.V., Birth weight and gestational age and factors (Socioeconomic, maternal, fetal and placental) which influence fetal development (1980) J Pediatr, 48, p. 83; Murphy, J.F., Mulchay, R., The effect of age, parity and cigarette smoking on baby weight (1971) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 111, p. 22; Polani, P.E., Chromosomal and other genetic influences on birth weight variation (1974) Ciba Found Symp, 27, p. 127; Gurson, C.T., Binyildiz, P., Artunkal, T., A statistical approach to factors influencing the birth weight (1979) Nutr Rep Int, 19, p. 859; Shiono, P.H., Klebanoff, M.A., Graubard, B.I., Birth weight among women of different ethnic groups (1986) JAMA, 255, p. 48; Peters, T.J., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Plus ?A change: Predictors of birthweight in two national studies (1983) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 90, p. 1040; McKeown, T., Gibson, J.R., Observations on all births (23,970) in Birmingham, 1947. II. Birthweight (1951) Br J Soc Med, 5, p. 98; Gebre-Medhin, M., Gurovsky, S., Bondestam, L., Association of maternal age and parity with birth weight, sex ratio, stillbirth and multiple births (1976) J Trop Pediatr Environ Child Health, 22, p. 99; Roberts, D.F., Tanner, R.E.S., Effects of parity on birth weight and other variables in a Tanganyika Bantu sample (1963) Br J Prev Soc Med, 17, p. 209; Karn, M.N., Penrose, L.S., Birth weight and gestation time in relation to maternal age, parity and infant survival (1951) Ann Eug, 16, p. 147; O’Sullivan, J.B., Gellis, S.S., Tenney, B.O., Aspects of birth weight and its influencing variables (1965) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 92, p. 1023; Rehan, N.E., Tafida, D.S., Birth weight of Hausa infants in northern Nigeria (1979) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 86, p. 443; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1968) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of The 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, 55p. , Edinburgh, E & S Livingstone; Camilleri, A.P., Cremona, V., The effect of parity on birthweight (1970) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 77, p. 145; Tanner, J.M., Lejarraga, H., Turner, G., Within-family standards for birthweight (1972) Lancet I, p. 193; James, W.H., Birth weight and birth order (1969) Ann Hum Genet, 32, p. 411; Bakketieg, L.S., Hoffman, H.J., Perinatal mortality by birth order within cohorts based on sibship size (1979) Br Med J, 2, p. 693; Roman, E., Fetal loss rates and their relation to pregnancy order (1984) J Epidemiol Community Health, 38, p. 29; Dowding, V.M., New assessment of the effects of birth order and socioeconomic status on birth weight (1981) Br Med J, 282, p. 683; Thomson, A.M., Billewicz, W.Z., Hytten, F.E., The assessment of fetal growth (1968) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 75, p. 903; Harlap, S., Davies, A.M., Grover, N.B., The Jerusalem Perinatal Study: The first decade 1964-1973 (1977) Isr J Med Sci, 13, p. 1073; Seidman, D.S., Slater, P.E., Ever-Hadani, P., Accuracy of mother's recall of birth weight and gestational age (1987) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 94, p. 731; Nie, N.H., Hull, C.H., Jenkins, J.G., (1975) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, , New York, McGraw-Hill; Norusis, M.J., (1985) SPSSX Advanced Statistical Guide, pp. 257-293. , New York, McGraw-Hill; Harlap, S., Davies, A.M., (1978) The Pill and Births: The Jerusalem Study; Al-Sayegh, K.N., Hathout, H.M., Reappraisal of grand multiparity (1974) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 12, p. 159; Newton, R.W., Hunt, L.P., Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to low birth weight (1984) Br Med J, 288, p. 1191 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023772565&partnerID=40&md5=011c8550d3c8af1bb5469c2fe94ceaf1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Day care, maternal mental health and child development: Evidence from a longitudinal study T2 - Early Child Development and Care J2 - Early Child Dev. Care VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 139 EP - 161 PY - 1988 DO - 10.1080/0300443880390112 SN - 03004430 (ISSN) AU - Bagley, C. AD - Faculty of Social Welfare, The University of Calgary, Canada AB - Data from a long-term follow-up study of 632 born in Calgary in 1980 are reported, with particular reference to the experience of day care and its association with parental factors and the children’s adjustment when they were, on average 6.7 years old. The sample was specially selected to include a high proportion of children with serious disabilities, and data for these children have been considered separately. Children with several years of day care behind them did not display attachment problems when they entered elementary schooling. They were however more active and aggressive than children without day care experience. This activity pattern is associated with Type A behaviour, which represents busy, active, competitive children. These traits probably reflect parental ambitions and activity patterns. Mothers who stayed home to look after several children were much more likely to be seriously depressed than mothers who returned to the external labour force in their child’s preschool years. Maternal depression was associated with neurosis and depression in the child. This study gives support to the idea that high quality, affordable and universally available day care would be supportive of parental child care roles. Several sub-types of adaptation and day care experience have been identified, and hypotheses for exploration in a longer term study are suggested. © 1988, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. KW - child development KW - Day care KW - maternal mental health N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bagley, C.; Faculty of Social Welfare, The University of CalgaryCanada N1 - References: Abidin, R., (1983) Parenting stress index, , University of Virginia: Institute of Clinical Psychology; Alberman, E., Goldstein, H., The ‘at risk’register: A statistical evaluation (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, pp. 129-135; Altepeter, T., Use of the PPVT-R for intellectual screening with a preschool pediatric sample (1985) Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 10, pp. 195-198; Bagley, C., The factorial reliability of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire in normal subjects (1980) British Journal of Medical Psychology, 53, pp. 53-58; Bagley, C., Methodological implications of the British National Child Development Study for longitudinal research on children under stress (1982), Paper given to International Conference on Research Strategies for the Study of Children in Families Under Stress. Concordia University, Montreal, October; Bagley, C., Daycare in Canada: Issues and problems (1985) Canadian Children, 9, pp. 5-13; Bagley, C., (1985) Children in Calgary: The state of welfare, , Calgary: Faculty of Social Welfare; Bagley, C., Daycare in Alberta: A review, with national implications (1986) Monograph supplement to Canadian Journal of Social Policy; Bagley, C., Social and scholastic adjustment in children with epilepsy and infantile fits: A 16-year follow-up of a national sample (1986) The social dimensions of epilepsy, , In B. Hermann & S. Whitman (Eds.) New York: Oxford University Press; Bagley, C., (1988) Adoption and child welfare, , Aldershot, U.K.: Gower Press; Bagley, C., Verma, G., (1983) Multicultural childhood: Education, self-concept and cognitive styles, , Aldershot, U.K.: Gower Press; Barnes, G., Prosen, H., Depression in Canadian general practice attenders (1984) Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 29, pp. 2-10; Belsky, J., (1984) Infant daycare and child development, , Washington, D.C.: House of Representatives Select Committee on Children, Youth and Families; Belsky, J., Daycare: developmental effects and the problem of quality care (1985) Canadian Children, 9, pp. 53-74; Belsky, J., Infant day care: A cause for concern? (1987) Zero to Three, 7, pp. 1-7; Belsky, J., Rovine, M., Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: An empirical rapprochement (1987) Child Development, 58, pp. 787-795; Billings, A., Moos, R., Comparisons of children of depressed and nondepressed parents (1983) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 11, pp. 463-486; Brown, G., Harris, T., The social origins of depression (1978), London: Tavistock; Colleta, N., At risk for depression: A study of young mothers (1983) Journal of Genetic Psychology, 142, pp. 301-310; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., From birth to seven: Second report of the national child development study (1972), London: Longman; Davis, R., (1972) Statistical methods for research in the geological sciences, , New York: Van Nostrand; Frankenburg, W., Emde, R., Sullivan, J., (1985) Early identification of children at risk, , New York: Plenum Press; Frankenburg, W., Coons, C., Home screening questionnaire: Its validity in assessing home environment (1986) Journal of Pediatrics, 108, pp. 624-626; Ghodsian, M., Zakicek, E., Wolkind, S., A longitudinal study of maternal depression and child behaviour problems (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 91-109; Haskins, R., Public school aggression among children with varying day care experience (1985) Child Development, 56, pp. 689-703; LaRoche, C., Prevention in high risk children of depressed parents (1986) Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 31, pp. 161-166; Mahoney, K., Providing good daycare: The role of employers, unions and the private sector (1985) Canadian Children, 9, pp. 11-26; Morrison, F., The psychological consequences of day care (1985) Canadian Children, 9, pp. 43-52; (1987) 1987 poverty lines, , Ottawa: National Council of Welfare; Nie, N., Hull, C., Jenkins, J., Steinbrenner, K., Bent, D., (1975) Statistical package for the social sciences, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Pence, A., Day care in Canada and the restructured relationships of family, government and labour force (1985) Canadian Children, pp. 27-42; RadlofF, L., The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population (1977) Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, pp. 385-401; Roberts, R., Vernon, S., The Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale: Its use in a community sample (1983) American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, pp. 41-47; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1967) Education, health and behaviour, , London: Longman; Rutter, M., Yule, B., Berger, N., Bagley, C., Children of West Indian immigrants: rates of behavioural deviance and psychiatric disorder (1974) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 15, pp. 241-262; Schwartz, P., Length of day care attendance and attachment behaviour in eighteen-month-old infants (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 1073-1078; Vaughn, B., Gove, F., Egeland, B., The relationship between out-of-home care on child-mother attachment quality (1980) Growing points in attachment theory. Monographs for the Society for Research in Child Development, , In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.); Verma, G., Bagley, C., (1982) Self-concept, achievement and multi-cultural education, , London: Macmillan; Zuckerman, B., Beardslee, W., Maternal depression: A concern for pediatricians (1987) Pediatrics, 79, pp. 110-113 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84934092517&doi=10.1080%2f0300443880390112&partnerID=40&md5=286b8e4d7f035bc03205d99a378e389b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimum Management of Febrile Seizures in Childhood T2 - Drugs J2 - Drugs VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 111 EP - 120 PY - 1988 DO - 10.2165/00003495-198836010-00007 SN - 00126667 (ISSN) AU - Knudsen, F.U. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark AB - According to comprehensive cohort studies the long term prognosis for children with febrile seizures is far better than previously assumed. There is very little risk of neurological deficit, epilepsy, mental retardation, or altered behaviour as sequelae to febrile seizures. As a natural consequence of the good long term prognosis, the routine use of continuous phenobarbitone or valproic acid prophylaxis is not indicated in simple febrile seizures and only rarely in complex febrile seizures. A rational alternative is intermittent prophylaxis by rectally administered diazepam in solution in the event of fever or acute treatment during continuing convulsions. This prophylaxis may be used selectively for children at high risk of new febrile seizures, or routinely for all children after the first attack of febrile seizure. The treatment is almost devoid of major side effects. If prophylaxis is to be avoided altogether, parents should be supplied with a diazepam solution for rectal use to deal with new seizures. © 1988, ADIS Press Limited. All rights reserved. KW - acetylsalicylic acid KW - clonazepam KW - diazepam KW - nitrazepam KW - paracetamol KW - phenobarbital KW - valproic acid KW - febrile convulsion KW - human KW - infant KW - intravenous drug administration KW - oral drug administration KW - preschool child KW - priority journal KW - rectal drug administration KW - risk KW - vaccination KW - Child KW - Fever KW - Human KW - Seizures N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3063493 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Knudsen, F.U.; Department of Pediatrics, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark N1 - Chemicals/CAS: acetylsalicylic acid, 493-53-8, 50-78-2, 53663-74-4, 53664-49-6, 63781-77-1; clonazepam, 1622-61-3; diazepam, 439-14-5; nitrazepam, 146-22-5; paracetamol, 103-90-2; phenobarbital, 50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0; valproic acid, 1069-66-5, 99-66-1 N1 - References: Aicardi, J., Chevrie, J-J, Febrile convulsions: neurological sequelae and mental retardation (1976) Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions, , Brazier, Coceani, Raven Press, New York; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Elveback, L.R., Kurland, L.T., The risk of epilepsy following febrile convulsions (1979) Neurology, 29, p. 297; Fowler, P.D., Aspirin, paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A comparative review of side effects (1987) Medical Toxicology, 2, pp. 338-366; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Shirts, S.B., Kurland, L.T., Factors prognostic of unprovoked seizures after febrile convulsions (1987) New England Journal of Medicine, 316, p. 493; Bacon, C., Scott, D., Jones, P., Heatstroke in well-wrapped infants (1979) Lancet, 1, p. 422; Bacon, C.J., Mucklow, J.C., Rawlins, M.D., Hierons, A.M., Webb, J.K.G., Placebo-controlled study of phenobarbitone and phenytoin in the prophylaxis of febrile convulsions (1981) Lancet, 2, p. 600; Benchet, M.L., Tardieu, M., Landrieu, P., Taburet, A.M., Singlas, E., Prévention des convulsions fébriles et cinétique du diazépam per os (1984) Archivès Françaises de Pédiàtrie, 41, p. 587; Camfield, P.R., Camfield, C.S., Shapiro, S.H., Cummings, C., The first febrile seizure — antipyretic instruction plus either phenobarbital or placebo to prevent recurrence (1980) Journal of Pediatrics, 97, pp. 16-21; Dianese, G., Prophylactic diazepam in febrile convulsions (1979) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 54, p. 244; Dreifuss, F.E., Santilli, N., Langer, D.H., Sweeney, K.P., Moline, K.H., Neurology, 37, pp. 379-1987. , Valproic acid hepatic fatalities: a retrospective review; Echenne, B., Cheminai, R., Martin, P., Peskine, F., Rodière, M., Utilisation du diazépam dans le traitement préventif à domicile des récidives de convulsions fébriles (1983) Archives Françaises de Pédiàtrie, 40, p. 499; Falconer, M.A., Surgical treatment of sequelae of severe febrile convulsions (1976) Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions, , Brazier, Coceani, Raven Press, New York; Garcia, F.O., Campos-Castello, J., Maldonado, J.C., Fenobarbital oral continuado o diazepam rectal intermitente para la prevencion de la crisis febriles (1984) Anales Espa`noles de Pediatria, 20, p. 763; Hirts, D.G., Lee, Y.J., Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Survey on the management of febrile seizures (1986) American Journal of Diseases in Children, 909, p. 140; Jailing, B., Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of phenobarbital in infants given single doses (1974) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 16, p. 781; Knudsen, F.U., Plasma diazepam in infants after rectal administration in solution and by suppository (1977) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 66, pp. 563-567; Knudsen, F.U., Rectal administration of diazepam in solution in the acute treatment of convulsions in infants and children (1979) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 54, p. 855; Knudsen, F.U., Recurrence risk after first febrile seizure and effect of short term diazepam prophylaxis (1985) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 60, pp. 1045-1049; Knudsen, F.U., Effective short-term diazepam prophylaxis in febrile convulsions (1985) Journal of Pediatrics, 106, pp. 487-490; Knudsen FU, Vestermark S. Prophylactic diazepam or phenobarbitone in febrile convulsions: a prospective controlled study. Archives of Disease in Childhood: 660–663, 1978; Lee, K., Taudorf, K., Hvorslev, V., Prophylactic treatment with valproic acid or diazepam in children with febrile convulsions (1986) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 75, p. 593; Minagawa, K., Miura, H., Mizuno, S., Shirai, H., Pharmacokinetics of rectal diazepam in the prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions (1986) Brain Development, 8, pp. 53-59; Munthe-Kaas, A.W., Rectal administration of rectal diazepam: theoretical basis and clinical experience (1980) Antiepileptic therapy: advances in drug monitoring, , Johannesen et al., Raven Press, New York; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) New England Journal of Medicine, 295, p. 1029; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prognosis in children with febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, p. 720; Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Febrile seizures, Raven Press, New York, 1981; Ngwane, E., Boewer, B., Continuous sodium valproate or phenobarbitone in the prevention of ‘simple’ febrile convulsions (1980) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 55, p. 171; Ramakrishnan, K., Thomas, K., Long term prophylaxis of febrile seizures (1986) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 53, p. 397; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the national child development study (1980) British Medical Journal, 280, p. 207; Rylance, G.W., Poulton, J., Cherry, R.C., Cullen, R.E., Plasma concentrations of clonazepam after simple rectal administration (1986) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 61, pp. 186-188; Vanasse, M., Masson, P., Geoffroy, G., Larbrisseaú, A., David, P.C., Intermittent treatment of febrile convulsions with nitrazepam (1984) Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 11, pp. 377-379; Van den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children I (1969) Pediatric Research, 3, p. 298; Ventura, A., Basso, T., Bortolan, G., Gardini, A., Guidobaldi, G., Home treatment of seizures as a strategy for the long term management of febrile convulsions in children (1982) Helvetica Paediatrica Acta, 37, p. 58; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Colding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, p. 1307; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Colding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II. Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, p. 1311; Wallace, S.J., Smith, J.A., Successful prophylaxis against febrile convulsions with valproic acid or phenobarbitone (1980) British Medical Journal, 280, p. 353; Wolf, Carr, A., Davis, D.C., Davidson, S., Dale, E.P., The value of phenobarbital in the child who has had a simple febrile seizure: a controlled prospective study (1977) Pediatrics, 59, p. 378 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023718628&doi=10.2165%2f00003495-198836010-00007&partnerID=40&md5=c8933750bd237e64563b7dac982462b5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating process and structure in the concept of youth: a case for secondary analysis T2 - The Sociological Review J2 - Sociol. Rev. VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 706 EP - 732 PY - 1988 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-954X.1988.tb00705.x SN - 00380261 (ISSN) AU - Jones, G. AD - University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom AB - During its eighty‐year history, the sociology of youth has provided a succession of partial explanations of the circumstances and responses of the young. The paper critically reviews this history and defines the challenge currently faced by sociologists: to develop a conceptual framework for understanding both the transitions young people pass through as they become adult, and the differential experiences of young people from different social groups. It is argued that such a framework requires the integration of the concepts of process and structure Secondary analysis of existing large data sets is suggested as an available means of meeting the challenge, since such data sets can provide both large representative samples which allow inter‐group comparisons, and wide‐ranging longitudinal data which allows the study of processes Copyright © 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved N1 - Cited By :14 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jones, G.; University of EdinburghUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Abrams, P., (1959) The Teenage Consumer, , LPE Paper 5, London:, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Abrams, P., Little, A., The Young Activist in Politics (1965) British Journal of Sociology, 16 (4); Allen, S., Some Theoretical Problems in the Study of Youth (1968) The Sociological Review, 16 (3), pp. 319-331; Bell, R.R., (1966) Pre‐Marital Sex in a Changing Society, , New Jersey:, Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs; Berger, B., Adolescence and Beyond (1963) Social Problems, 10, pp. 394-408; Brake, M., (1980) The Sociology of Youth Culture and Youth Sub‐Cultures, , London:, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Butcher, B., Dodd, P., The Electoral Register – two surveys (1983) Population Trends, 31, pp. 15-19; Carter, M.P., (1962) Home, School and Work, , Oxford:, Pergamon Press; Clarke, J., Hall, S., Jefferson, T, Roberts, B., Subcultures, Cultures and Class: a Theoretical Overview (1976) Resistance Through Rituals, pp. 9-79. , S. Hall, T. Jefferson, (eds)., Hutchinson, pp; Coleman, J.S., (1961) The Adolescent Society, , New York:, Free Press; Dale, A., Arber, S., Proctor, M., (1987) Doing Secondary Analysis, , London, George Allen and Unwin; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , London:, McGibbon and Kee; Eisenstadt, S.N., From Generation to Generation (1956) The Sociology of Youth Evolution and Revolution, , reprinted, in, H. Silverstein, (ed)., 1973, New York:, Macmillan; Ferguson, T., Cunnison, J., (1951) The Young Wage Earner, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; (1976) Britain's Sixteen Year Olds, , Fogelman, K., (ed)., London:, National Children's Bureau; Friedenberg, E.Z., (1973) The Vanishing Adolescent. Dell Laurel Editions; reprinted as ‘Adolescence: Self‐Definition and Conflict, , H. Silverstem, (ed), 1973, The Sociology of Youth. Evolution and Revolution. New York:, MacMillan; Gilbert, G.N., Dale, A., Arber, S., The General Household Survey as a Source for Secondary Analysis (1983) Sociology, 17, pp. 255-259; Ginzberg, E., (1951) Occupational Choice, an Approach to a General Theory, , New York:, Columbia University Press; Goldthorpe, J., (1980) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford:, Clarendon Press; Griffin, C., (1985) Typical Girls, , ?, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Hakim, C., (1982) Secondary Analysis in Social Research, , London, George Allen and Unwin; Hall, (1904) Adolescence, , New York:, Appleton; Hall, S., Youth: a Stage in Life (1976) Youth in Society, pp. 17-19. , No 17; Hall, S., Cultural Studies and the Centre: some problematics and perspectives (1980) Culture, Media, Language, , S. Hall et al., (eds), London:, Hutchinson; (1975) Youth, , Havighurst, R. J., Dreyer, P. H., (eds), Chicago:, National Society for the Study of Education; Hutson, S, Jenkins, R., Coming of Age in South Wales (1987) Education and Economic Life, , D. N. Ashton, P Brown, (eds),. Brighton, Falmer Press; Jenkins, R., (1983) Lads, Citizens and Ordinary Kids, , London, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Jones, G.E., Youth in the Social Structure: Transitions to Adulthood and their Stratification by Class and Gender (1986) unpublished PhD dissertation, , University of Surrey; Jones, G.E., Leaving the Parental Home, an Analysis of Early Housing Careers (1987) Journal of Social Policy, 16 (1), pp. 49-74; Jones, G.E., Young Workers in the Class Structure (1987) Work Employment and Society, 1 (4), pp. 486-507; McRobbie, A., Garber, J., Girls and Subcultures (1976) Resistance Through Rituals, , S. Hall, T Jefferson, (eds),. London Hutchinson; McRobbie, A., Settling Accounts with Subcultures. A Feminist Critique (1980) Screen Education, (34), pp. 37-49; Maizels, J., (1970) Adolescent Needs and the Transition from School to Work, , Athlone Press; Mannheim, K., The Problem of Generations (1952) Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge, pp. 276-320. , Paul Kecskemeti, (ed), London, pp; Marsland, D., Hunter, P., Youth: A Real Force and Essential Concept (1976) Youth in Society, (18), pp. 10-11; Mead, M., (1943) Coming of Age in Samoa, , Harmondsworth:, Penguin Books; Modell, J, The Timing of Marriage in the Transition to Adulthood: continuity and change 1860–1975 (1978) Transitions. Historical and Sociological Essays on the Family, , J. Demos, S. Bookock, (eds)., Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Modell, J., Hareven, T.K., Transitions. Patterns of Timing (1978) Transitions The Family and the Life Course in Historical Perspective, , T. K Hareven, (ed), Academy Press; Murdock, G., McCron, R., Youth and Class: the Career of a Confusion (1976) Working Class Youth Cultures, , G. Mungham, G. Pearson, (eds), London, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Musgrove, F., The Problems of Youth and the Social Structure (1969) Youth and Society, 11, pp. 38-58; (1980) General Household Survey, , London:, HMSO; Parsons, T., Youth in the Context of American Society (1973) The Sociology of Youth Evolution and Revolution, , Daedalus. Winter, 1962, reprinted in, H. Silverstein, (ed), New York:, MacMillan; Reuter, E.B., The Sociology of Adolescence (1937) American Journal of Sociology, 43, pp. 414-427; Riesman, D., (1950) The Lonely Crowd, , New Haven:, Yale University Press; Roberts, K., The Entry into Employment: an Approach towards a General Theory (1968) The Sociological Review, 16 (2); Shepherd, P., The National Child Development Study an introduction to the background of the study and the methods of data collection (1985) Working Paper No. 1, NCDS User Support Group, , City University; Smith, D., New Movements in the Sociology of Youth: a Critique (1981) The British Journal of Sociology, 32, pp. 239-251; Wallace, C., From Generation to Generation, the Effects of Employment and unemployment upon the Domestic Life Cycle of Young Adults (1986) Education and Economic Life, , D. Ashton, P. Brown, (eds), Lewes:, Falmer Press; Walsh, R., Intergeneration transmission of sexual standards (1970) Youth and Society, 2 (1), pp. 7-32. , quoted in, V. L. Bengtson, ‘The Generation Gap’; Willis, P.E., (1977) Learning to Labour, , Saxon House; Willis, P.E., Cultural Reproduction is different from Reproduction (1981) Interchange, 12, pp. 48-67. , Nos. 2–3; Wright, (1978) Class, Crisis and the State, , 2nd edn, Verso UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977403951&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-954X.1988.tb00705.x&partnerID=40&md5=0252e82ae941bd14a02f8f7f9d3dc445 ER - TY - JOUR TI - HIDDEN HANDICAP IN SCHOOL‐AGE CHILDREN WHO RECEIVED NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE T2 - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology J2 - Dev. Med. Child Neurol. VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 145 EP - 152 PY - 1988 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1988.tb04745.x SN - 00121622 (ISSN) AU - Zubrick, S.R. AU - Macartney, H. AU - Stanley, F.J. AD - Clinical Psychologist Health Department of Western Australia, Neuro- sciences Unit, 2 Selby Street, Shenton Park, Western Australia, 6008, Australia AD - National Health and Medical Research Council, Unit in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Verdun Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia AB - A group of 347 children who had been classed as ‘at risk’ in the neonatal períod were examined by means of academic attainment tests and teacher ratings at the end of their first year in primary school. Matched classroom controls were also examined to estimate the prevalence of reading, spelling and mathematics difficulties. Preterm birth and low birthweight appeared to be signiñcant antecedents of poorer outcome in all three subjects. The attributable risk of low birthweight to academic handicap was estimated to be 29 per cent. There was no additional effect of time to spontaneous respiration (short and long) on academic outcome for the preterm low‐birthweight group. In contrast, poor outcome for the low‐birthweight children who had not been preterm was associated with longer time to spontaneous respiration. Graduates of neonatal intensive care with normal birthweights performed comparably with their low‐risk controls. These results are discussed in relation to other longitudinal studies of the outcome for ‘at‐risk’ infants. Handicap caché parmi Its écoliers ayant bénéficié de soins intensifs à la naissance Un groupe de 347 enfants classéss 'à risques' en période néo‐natale ont bénéficié de tests de réussite scolaire et d'appréciation d'enseignants à la fin de leur premiére année de scolarité primaire. Des contrôles appariés de la classe ont étéégalement examinés pour estimer la prévalence des difficultés en lecture, orthographe et calcul. La prématurité et le faible poids de naissance apparaissent constituer des antécédents de mauvais pronostic dans les trois domaines. Le risque attribuable au faible poids de naissance sur le déficit scolaire a été estimé a 29 pour cent. II n'y avait pas d'effet additionel du délai de la respiration spontanée (court ou long) sur le devenir scolaire pour les enfants de faible poids de naissance dans le groupe de prématurés à faible poids de naissance. En revanche, un mauvais pronostic était associéà un retard de la respiration spontanée chez les non‐prématurés de faible poids de naissance. Les enfants de poids de naissance normal ayant bénéficié de soins intensifs néo‐nataux avaient une réussite scolaire comparable aux contrôles à faible risque. Ces résultats sont discutés en relation avec d'autres études longitudinales du devenir des enfants ‘à risques’. Diskrete Behinderung bei Schulkindern, die als Neugeborene auf einer Intensivstation gelegen haben Eine Gruppe von 347 Kindern, die in der Neonatalperíode als Risikokinder eingestuft waren, wurden am Ende ihres ersten Schuljahres anhand von Leistungstests und Lehrerbeurteilungen untersucht. Dazu wurden Kontrollkinder aus den entsprechenden Klassen untersucht, um die Lese‐ Rechtschreibund Mathematikprobleme einordnen zu können. Frügeburt und niedriges Geburtsgewicht schienen signiñkante Antezedentien für schlechtere Leistungen in allen drei Fächern zu sein. Das zuschreibbare Risiko des niedrigen Geburtsgewichtes für eine Lernbehinderung wurde mit 29 Prozent berechnet. Es fand sich kein zusätzlicher Einfluß der Zeit bis zur Spontanatmung (kurz oder lang) für den Lernerfolg der frühgeborenen, untergewichtigen Kinder. Im Gegensatz dazu war ein schlechter Outcome bei den untergewichtigen Kindern, die nicht zu früh geboren worden waren, mit einer längeren Zeit bis zur Spontanatmung korreliert. Risikokinder mit normalen Geburtsgewichten hatten vergleichbare Leistungen wie ihre Kontrollen. Diese Ergebnisse werden in Relation zu anderen Langzeitstudien über den Outcome von ‘Risikokindern’ diskutiert. Minusvalía escondida en escolares que recibieron tratamiento neonatal intensivo Un grupo de 347 niños clasificados como de ‘alto riesgo’ en el período neonatal fueron examinados por medio de tests de aprovechamiento académico y calificaciones de los maestros al final de su primer año de escuela primaria. Se examinó también un grupo control homogéneo, para estimar la prevalencia de dificultades de lectura, el deletreo y las matemáticas. Se vió que la prematuridad y el bajo peso al nacer eran unos antecedentes signiñcativos de un curso posteríor pobre en las tres materias. El riesgo del bajo peso de nacimiento para la dificultad académica se estimé en el 29 por ciento. No habí a ningún efecto adicional en el tiempo para la respiración espontánea (corto o largo) sobre el curso acadómico en el caso del grupo pretérmino con bajo peso al nacer. En contraste, al curso pobre para los niños con bajo peso al nacer que no habían sido pretérmino estaba asociado con un tiempo más largo para la respiración esponténea. Los que habían tenido cuidos intensivos neonatales en niños con peso neonatal normal, se comportaban de forma semejante a sus controles con bajo riesgo. Estos resultados se discuten en relación con otros estudios longitudinales del curso posteríor de los lactantes ‘con riesgo’. Copyright © 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - birth weight KW - breathing KW - development KW - etiology KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - language KW - major clinical study KW - male KW - risk assessment KW - Child KW - Educational Measurement KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal KW - Male KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3384194 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Zubrick, S.R. N1 - References: Bishop, Y.M.M., Fienberg, S.E., Holland, P.W., (1975) Discrete Multivariate Analysis, , Cambridge, MA:, MIT Press; Boyle, M.H., Torrance, G.W., Sinclair, J.C., Horwood, S.P., Economic evaluation of neonatal intensive care of very‐low‐birthweight infants (1983) New England Journal of Medicine., 308, pp. 1330-1337; Broom, L., Duncan‐Jones, P., Jones, F.L., McDonnell, P., (1977) Investigating Social Mobility, , Canberra:, Australian National University; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study, , London:, Longman; Drillien, C.M., Thomson, A.J.M., Burgoyne, K., Low‐birthweight children at early school‐age: a longitudinal study (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 26-47; Elliot, C.D., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1978) British Ability Scales, Manual 3: Directions for Administration and Scoring, , Windsor:, N.F.E.R; Hunt, J.V., Predicting intellectual disorders in childhood for preterm infants with birthweights below 1501 gm (1981) Preterm Birth and Psychological Development, , Friedman, S. L., Sigman, M.,. New York:, Academic Press; Tooley, W.H., Harvin, D., Learning disabilities in children with birthweights less than or equal to 1500 grams (1982) Seminars in Perinatology, 6, pp. 280-287; Jastak, J.F., Jastak, S., (1978) Wide Range Achievement Test, , Delaware:, Jastak Associates; Kitchen, W.H., The small baby: short term and long term prognosis (1978) Medical Journal of Australia, 28, pp. 82-84; Ryan, M.M., Rickards, A., McDougall, A.B., Billson, F.A., Keir, E.H., Naylor, F.D., A longitudinal study of very low‐birthweight infants. IV: An overview of performance at eight years of age (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 172-188; Yu, V.Y.H., Orgill, A., Ford, G.W., Rickards, A., Astbury, J., Ryan, M.M., Russo, W., Nave, J.R.M., Collaborative study of very‐low‐birthweight infants: outcome of two‐year‐old survivors (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 1457-1460; Knoke, D., Burke, P.J., (1980) Log‐linear Models, , Beverly Hills:, Sage Publications; Lilienfeld, A.M., Lilienfeld, D.E., (1980) Foundations of Epidemiology, , 2nd edn., New York:, Oxford University Press; Miller, G.A., Dubowitz, L.M., Palmer, P., Follow‐up of preterm infants; is correction of the developmental quotient for prematurity helpful (1984) Early Human Development, 9, pp. 137-144; Neligan, G.A., Kolvin, I., Scott, D.M., Garside, R.F., (1976) Born too Soon or Born too Small. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 61, , London:, S.I.M.P. with Heinemann Medical; Norusis, M., (1985) SPSS‐X: Advanced Statistics Guide, , New York:, McGraw‐Hill; Orgill, A.A., Astbury, J., Bajuk, B., Yu, V.Y.H., Early development of infants 1000g or less at birth (1982) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 51, pp. 823-827; Pharoah, P.O., Alberman, E.D., Mortality of low birthweight infants in England and Wales, 1953 to 1979 (1981) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 56, pp. 86-89; Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., Prognosis for low‐birthweight infants up to the age of 14; population study (1985) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 27, pp. 655-663; Smith, L., Somner, F.F., von Tetzchner, S., A longitudinal study of low birthweight children: reproductive, perinatal and environmental precusors of developmental status at three years of age (1982) Seminars in Perinatology, 6, pp. 294-304; Stanley, F.J., English, D.R., Prevalence of and risk factors for cerebral palsy in a total population cohort of low‐birthweight (< 2000g) infants (1986) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 28, pp. 559-568; Stewart, A.L., Reynolds, E.O.R., Improved prognosis for infants of very low birthweight (1974) Pediatrics, 54, pp. 724-735; Turcan, D.M., Rawlings, G., Hart, S., Gregory, S., Outcome for infants at high risk for major mental handicap (1979) Major Mental Handicap: Methods and Costs of Prevention. Ciba Foundation, Symposium 59 (New Series), , Elliott, K., O'Connor, M.,. Amsterdam:, Elsevier; (1986) SPSS‐X: User's Guide, , 2nd edn., New York:, McGraw Hill; Thomson, T., Reynolds, J., The results of intensive care therapy for neonates. I: Overall neonatal mortality rates; II: Neonatal mortality rates and long term prognosis for low birthweight neonates (1977) Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 5, pp. 59-75; Vohr, B.R., Hack, M., Developmental follow‐up of low birthweight infants (1982) Pediatric Clinics of North America, 29, pp. 1441-1454 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023927816&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1988.tb04745.x&partnerID=40&md5=de15daff4906ab45238fe4ddfae28afb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unemployment, Apprenticeships and Training: Does it pay to stay on at school? T2 - British Journal of Sociology of Education J2 - Br. J. Sociol. Educ. VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 425 EP - 445 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1080/0142569870080405 SN - 01425692 (ISSN) AU - Payne, J. AD - Department of Social and Administrative Studies, University of Oxford, United Kingdom AB - Data from the National Child Development Study are used to compare the progress up to age 23 of young people who reached 16 in March 1974 and who left full time education at 16, 17 or 18. Later leavers had higher unemployment rates on first entering the labour market because of rising national unemployment, but in the long term had a clear advantage. More significantly, those who left at 17 or 18 with qualifications no better than those of minimum age leavers suffered no long term disadvantage in comparison with the latter, despite their loss of potential work experience, and some groups had lower unemployment rates in the long term than minimum age leavers withequally good qualifications. Apprenticeships were more common among later leavers than expected, and later leavers compared favourably withearly leavers in terms of other forms of in-work training. It is concluded that the *non-academic sixth’ ’ could have a useful role alongside YTS. © 1987, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Payne, J.; Department of Social and Administrative Studies, University of OxfordUnited Kingdom N1 - References: BREEN, R., Does experience of work help school leavers to get jobs? (1986) Sociology, 20, pp. 207-227; COOK, L., (1983) Completed Apprenticeships, , (London, National Children's Bureau, NCDS IV Working Paper no. 15); COURTENAY, G., (1986) England and Wales Youth Cohort Study: preliminary results from the 1983 survey—first summary report, , (London, Social and Community Planning Research); DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE (1982) English School Leavers 1980–81, , (London, DES, Statistical Bulletin 10/82); DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE (1985) Educational and Economic Activity of Young People Aged 16 to 18 Years in Great Britain from 1974 to 1984, , (London, DES, Statistical Bulletin 5/85); DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE (1986) English School Leavers 1983–84, , (London, DES, Statistical Bulletin 4/86); HUTCHISON, D., Drop-out from apprenticeship in the National Child Development Study Statistical Methods of Analysis for Longitudinal Studies and Event History Data, , (forthcoming) R. CROUCHLEY (Ed.) (Aldershot, Gower); IYER, R., (1984) Analysis of Response, , (NCDS IV Working Paper No. 25; unpublished, National Children's Bureau); JONES, P., Qualifications and labour market outcomes among 16-year-old school leavers (1985) British journal of Guidance and Counselling, 13, pp. 275-291; LYNCH, L.M., Individual differences in the youth labour market; a cross-section analysis of London youths (1988) From School to Unemployment? The labour market for young people, , forthcoming P. JUNANKER (Ed.) (Basingstoke, Macmillan); MAIN, B.G.M., Earnings, expected earnings, and unemployment among school leavers (1988) From School to Unemployment? The labour market for young people, , forthcoming P. JUNANKER (Ed.) (Basingstoke, Macmillan); MARTIN, J., ROBERTS, C., (1984) Women and Employment: a lifetime perspective. The Report of the 1980 DE/OPCS Women and Employment Survey, , (London, HMSO); PAYNE, J., Changes in the youth labour market (1985) Oxford Review of Education, 11, pp. 167-179. , 1974–1981; PAYNE, J., (1985) Training Opportunities in Different jobs and the Qualifications of Trainees, , b (Paper prepared for the Manpower Services Commission under the project NCDS IV Analysis of Training Data; unpublished, Oxford University Department of Social and Administrative Studies); PAYNE, J., Does unemployment run in families? Some findings from the General Household Survey (1987) Sociology, 21, pp. 199-214; PAYNE, J., PAYNE, C., Youth unemployment 1974-1981: the changing importance of age and qualifications (1985) Quarterly journal of Social Affairs, 1, pp. 177-192; RAFFE, D., (1984) Fourteen to Eighteen: the changing pattern of schooling in Scotland, , (Ed.) (Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press); SHEPHERD, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: an introduction to the origins of the study and the methods of data collection, , (London, National Child Development Study User Support, Group Working Paper No. 11) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963179136&doi=10.1080%2f0142569870080405&partnerID=40&md5=49f7309fad82f0c4b50880f47b5b55ea ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relationship of childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis with heigth, weight and body mass index T2 - Human Biology J2 - HUM. BIOL. VL - 59 IS - 6 SP - 921 EP - 931 PY - 1987 SN - 00187143 (ISSN) AU - Kaplan, B.A. AU - Brush, G. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States AB - This paper examines the relationship of childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis with height, weight and body mass index among the cohort of British children born during March 3-9, 1958. At age seven those classed as having wheezy bronchitis were shorter and had a higher mean body mass index (BMI) than non wheezy bronchitis children, whereas asthmatics and non-asthmatics were not significantly different in height, weight of BMI. At age 11, however, those with asthma or asthma plus wheezy bronchitis were lighter and had a lower BMI than those with wheezy bronchitis alone and than those with neither condition. By age 16 there were no associations of height, weight, or BMI with asthma and wheezy bronchitis considered together. The results are not due to differences in frequency of asthmatics or wheezy bronchitis of different sex, region of birth or social class. Thus the associations of these conditions with height, weight and BMI are seen to vary with age and they eventually disappear. KW - adolescent KW - age KW - asthma KW - bronchitis KW - height KW - human KW - human experiment KW - methodology KW - preschool child KW - review KW - school child KW - weight KW - Adolescent KW - Aging KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Asthma KW - Body Constitution KW - Bronchitis KW - Child KW - Female KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Respiratory Sounds N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HUBIA C2 - 3443443 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023588239&partnerID=40&md5=5f562919dabe9765a22b7b98e916b96c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk factors for asthma up to 16 years of age. Evidence from a national cohort study T2 - Chest J2 - CHEST VL - 91 IS - 6 SP - 127S EP - 130S PY - 1987 SN - 00123692 (ISSN) AU - Anderson, H.R. AU - Bland, J.M. AU - Peckham, C.S. AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Social Medicine, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom AB - From a national cohort of 8,806 children examined at ages seven, 11 and 16 years (National Child Development Study), data on asthma or wheezing illness (AW) were analyzed to describe its natural history in childhood and its risk factors. Factors found to predict the subsequent onset of asthma included male sex of child, mother's age at the child's birth, pneumonia, whooping cough, tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, allergic rhinitis, eczema and periodic abdominal pain/vomiting attacks. A wide range of perinatal factors, including feeding practices, and social and family factors were shown to have no effect on natural history. KW - adolescent KW - asthma KW - child KW - cohort analysis KW - human KW - priority journal KW - respiratory system KW - risk factor KW - school child KW - short survey KW - Adolescent KW - Asthma KW - Child KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Risk N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CHETB C2 - 3581954 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023266026&partnerID=40&md5=3466307ed6a6a43f889a9c7f3ee39a81 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SPECIALIZATION AND THE CRIMINAL CAREER T2 - Criminology J2 - Criminology VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 399 EP - 420 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1987.tb00803.x SN - 00111384 (ISSN) AU - KEMPF, K.L. AD - University of Missouri, St Louis, United States AB - Hirschi recently (1985) attempted to show the compatibility of social control with rational choice theory. This effort by Hirschi is noteworthy because, if successful, he could provide a connection between positive and classical sentiments which have traditionally appeared in contention. Hirschi fails, however, to achieve his objective and is hindered by what he views as the incompatible objectives of the two theories. Hirschi uses the recently accepted findings which indicate lack of specialization among persons involved in illegal behavior to illustrate the difference he sees between criminality and crime and, thus, the divergence between social control and rational choice. This paper attempts to remove the barrier found by Hirschi by providing improved measurement of specialization, such as has been proposed by Farrington (1986) and Klein (1984), and by placing the results in a more realistic criminal careers perspective than has been done in previous studies. This study utilizes data from the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort. With information to age 26 for 27,160 persons, these data are perhaps better suited to investigate this topic than any available. Copyright © 1987, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved N1 - Cited By :53 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: KEMPF, K.L.; University of Missouri, St Louis, United States N1 - References: Becker, (1963) Outsiders, , New York:, The Free Press; Blumstein, Cohen, Paul, (1982) The Duration of Adult Criminal Careers, , Washington, D.C.:, U.S. Department of Justice; Bursik, The dynamics of specialization in juvenile offenses (1980) Social Forces, 58, pp. 851-864; Chaiken, Marcia, (1982) Varieties of Criminal Behavior, , Santa Monica:, Rand Corporation; Chaiken, Chaiken, Peterson, J., (1982) Varieties of Criminal Behavior: Summary and Policy Implications, , with,. Santa Monica:, Rand Corporation; Christensen, K.O., Elers‐Neilsen, M., LeMaire, L., Sturup, G., Recidivism among sexual offenders (1965) Scandinavian Studies in Criminology, 1. , Karl O. Christensen,. London:, Tavistock; Clarke, Derek, Modeling offenders' decisions: A framework for research and policy (1985) Crime and Justice, 6. , Michael, Tonry, Norval, Morris,. Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Clarke, Some implications for North Carolina of recent research on juvenile delinquency (1975) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 12, pp. 51-60; Cline, Criminal Behavior over the Life Span (1980) Constancy and Change in Human Development, , Orville G. Brim, Jerome, Kagan,. Cambridge:, Harvard University Press; Farrington, Osborn, S.G., West, The persistence of labelling effects (1978) British Journal of Criminology, 18, pp. 277-284; Farrington, Longitudinal research on crime and delinquency (1979) Crime and Justice, 7. , Norval, Morris, Michael, Tonry, (eds.), Crime and Justice, Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1986 Age and crime. In, Michael, Tonry, Norval Morns,. Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Felson, Linking criminal choices, routine activities, informal control and criminal choices (1985) The Reasoning Criminal, , Derek Cornish, Ronald V. Clarke,. New York:, Springer‐Verlang; Figlio, Delinquency careers as a simple Markov process (1981) Models in Quantitative Criminology, , James, Fox,. New York:, Academic Press; Glueck, Eleanor, (1943) Criminal Careers in Retrospect, , New York:, The Commonwealth Fund; Goffman, (1961) Asylums. Garden City, NY: Anchor. 1963 Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ:, Prentice‐Hall; Hamparian, Schuster, Dinitz, Conrad, (1978) The Violent Few, , Lexington, MA:, Lexington; Havighurst, Bowman, Liddle, Matthews, Pierce, (1962) Growing Up in River City, , New York:, Wiley; Healy, Augusta, (1926) Delinquents and Criminals: Their Making and Unmaking, p. 1969. , New York:, McMillan,. Reprinted Montclair, NJ:, Patterson Smith; Hauser, A Structural Model of the Mobility Table (1978) Social Forces, 56, pp. 919-953; Heuser, J.P., (1979) Are Status Offenders Really Different, , ? Salem, OR:, Oregon Law Enforcement Council; Hirschi, (1969) Causes of Delinquency, , Berkeley:, University of California Press; Hirschi, (1985), On the compatibility of rational choice and social control theories of crime. Presented at the Home Office Conference on Offender Decisionmaking, Cambridge, England, July 24–26; Kemeny, Snell, (1960) Finite Markov Chains, , New York:, Van Nostrand Reinhold; Klein, Street Gangs and Street Workers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 1979 Deinstitutionalization and diversion of juvenile offenders: A litany of impediments (1971) British Journal of Criminology, 24, pp. 185-194. , Norval, Morris, Michael, Tonry, (eds.), Crime and Justice, Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1984 Offence specialization and versatility among juveniles; Kobrin, Hellum, F.R., Peterson, J., Offense patterns of status offenders (1980) Critical Issues in Juvenile Delinquency, , David Shichor, Delos H. Kelly,. Lexington, MA:, Lexington; Langan, David, Two‐track or one‐track justice? Some evidence from an English longitudinal survey (1983) The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 74, pp. 519-546; Lemert, Social Pathology (1951) 1962 Human Deviance, Social Problems, and Social Control, , New York:, McGraw‐Hill,. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:, Prentice‐Hall; McClintock, (1963) Crimes of Violence, , London:, MacMillan; McCord, William, A follow‐up report on the Cambridge‐Somerville youth study (1959) The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 322, pp. 89-96; McFarland, Intragenerational social mobility as a Markov process (1970) American Sociological Review, 35, pp. 463-476; Peay, Dangerousness—ascription or description? (1982) Developments in the Study of Criminal Behavior: Violence, 2. , P. Feldman,. New York:, Wiley; Petersilia, Criminal career research: A review of recent evidence (1980) Crime and Justice, 2. , Norval, Morris, Michael, Tonry,. Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Petersilia, Greenwood, Marvin, (1977) Criminal Careers of Habitual Felons. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation. Peterson, Mark A., Harriet B. Braiker, and Suzanne M. Polich 1981 Who Commits Crime: A Survey of Prison Inmates, , Cambridge, MA:, Oelgeschlager, Gunn, and Hain; Peterson, Pittman, O'Neal, Stabilities of deviance: A study of assaultive and non‐assaultive offenders (1962) The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 53, pp. 44-48; Quay, Lawrence, Dimensions of delinquent behavior (1963) The Journal of Social Psychology, 61, pp. 273-277; Robins, (1966) Deviant Children Grown Up, , Baltimore:, Williams and Wilkins; Rojek, Maynard, Delinquent careers (1982) Criminology, 20, pp. 5-28; Sellin, Marvin, (1964) The Measurement of Delinquency, , New York:, Wiley; Shaw, (1930) The Jack Roller: A Delinquent Boy's Own Story, , Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Shaw, (1931) The Natural History of a Delinquent Career, , Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Shaw, (1938) Brothers in Crime, , Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Soothill, K.L., Pope, P.J., Arson: A twenty‐year cohort study (1973) Medicine, Science and Law, 13, pp. 127-138; Sutherland, (1937) The Professional Thief, , Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Tielman, Peterson, J., What works for whom: The use of deinstitutionalization (1981) National Evaluation of the Deinstitutionalization of Status Offender Programs, , Solomon, Kobrin, Malcolm, Klein,. Los Angeles:, University of Southern California; Tracy, Wolfgang, Robert, (1984) Delinquency In a Birth Cohort II: A Comparison of The 1945 and 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohorts, , Washington, D.C.:, National Institute of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Wallerstedt, J., (1984) Returning to Prison, , Washington, D.C.:, Bureau of Justice Statistics; West, David, (1977) The Delinquent Way of Life, , London:, Heinemann; Wolfgang, Figlio, Thorsten, (1972) Delinquency in a Birth Cohort, , Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Wolfgang, From boy to man—From delinquency to crime (1977) Presented to the National Symposium on the Serious Juvenile Offender, , Minneapolis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984313464&doi=10.1111%2fj.1745-9125.1987.tb00803.x&partnerID=40&md5=3d5f4e625027816b6d78beb828b538de ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relative risks of low birthweight in Scotland 1980-2 T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 133 EP - 139 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1136/jech.41.2.133 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Pickering, R.M. AD - Social Paediatric and Obstetric Research Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8R2, United Kingdom AB - Routinely collected data for 187 000 Scottish singleton livebirths in 1980-2 were used to relate the risk of birthweight below 2500 g, 2000 g, 1500 g, and 1000 g to sex of infant and nine maternal factors. Maternal height was a major predictor of birthweight below 2500g but was less important in predicting birthweight in the lower intervals. A history of pernatal death and spontaneous abortion was important for all four intervals and was associated with most extreme risks for birthweight below 1000 g. The analysis confirms that the patterns of risk of birthweight below 2500g and 2000 g associated with social class, marital status, and maternal age and height found among the women of the 1958 cohort of British births are still applicable in the early 1980s. KW - age KW - etiology KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - infant KW - low birth weight KW - marriage KW - maternal age KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - risk factor KW - short survey KW - social aspect KW - social class N1 - Cited By :8 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 3498784 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023180239&doi=10.1136%2fjech.41.2.133&partnerID=40&md5=1c8d199c0676f826bb07975d8359826b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Young workers in the class structure T2 - Work Employment & Society J2 - Work Employ. Soc. VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 487 EP - 508 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1177/0950017087001004005 SN - 09500170 (ISSN) AU - Jones, G. AD - Thomas Coram Research Unit, Institute of Education, 41 Brunswick Square, LONDON WC1, United Kingdom AB - The sociological study of youth has tended to focus on either age and generation, or class and gender. Attempts to integrate the two approaches have been largely unsuccessful. This paper explores the longitudinal and cross-sectional dimensions of stratification and produces a framework for examining class differences in youth. Analysis of the inter-generational and intra-generational mobility of young workers, using two large national data sets, the General Household Survey and the National Child Development Study, leads to the identification of a typology of ‘Youth Class’. This empirically-based typology incorporates the notions of process and structure in a longitudinal class schema appropriate to the study of young people. © 1987, BSA Publications Limited. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jones, G.; Thomas Coram Research Unit, Institute of Education, 41 Brunswick Square, LONDON WC1, United Kingdom N1 - References: Allen, S., Some Theoretical Problems in the Study of Youth (1968) The Sociological Review, 16 (3), pp. 319-331; Ashton, D., Field, D., (1976) Young Workers, , London: Hutchinson; Bernstein, B., (1977) Class, Codes and Control, 3. , Towards a Theory of Educational Transmission, 2nd ed., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Blau, P.M., Duncan, O.D., (1967) The American Occupational Structure, , New York: Wiley; Crompton, R., Jones, G., (1984) White Collar Proletariat, , London: MacMillan; Delphy, C., Women in Stratification Studies (1981) Doing Feminist Research, , in H. Roberts (ed.), London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; (1981) Labour Force Survey, , London: HMSO; Dex, S., (1984) Women's Work Histories, Research Paper No 46, , Department of Employment, London; Gilbert, G.N., (1981) Modelling Society, , London: George Allen and Unwin; Glass, D.V., (1954) Social Mobility in Great Britain, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Glass, D.V., Hall, J.R., (1954) Social Mobility in Great Britain: a study of intergenerational changes in status, , in D.V. Glass (ed.) (Great Britain, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul); Goldthorpe, J., Women and Class Analysis: In Defence of the Conventional View (1984) Sociology, 17, 4, pp. 465-488; Goldthorpe, J., (1980) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Goldthorpe, J., Payne, C., On the Class Mobility of Women: Results from Different Approaches to the Analysis of Recent British Data (1986) Sociology, 20 (4), pp. 531-555; Heath, A., (1981) Social Mobility, , London: Fontana Paperbacks; Heath, A., Britten, N., Women's Jobs do Make a Difference (1984) Sociology, 18 (4), pp. 475-490; Jones, G.E., (1986), Youth in the Social Structure: Transitions to Adulthood and their Stratification by Class and Gender, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Surrey; Jones, G., Leaving the Parental Home: an Analysis of Early Housing Careers (1987) Journal of Social Policy, 16 (1), pp. 49-74; McRobbie, A., Settling Accounts with Sub-cultures: A Feminist Critique (1980) Screen Education, 34, pp. 37-49; Martin, J., Roberts, C., (1984) Women and Employment: A Lifetime Perspective, , London: HMSO; Murdock, G., McCron, R., Youth and Class: The Career of a Confusion (1976) Working Class Youth Cultures, , in G. Mungham and G. Pearson (eds.), London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; (1980) General Household Survey 1979, , London: HMSO; (1981) General Household Survey 1980, , London: HMSO; Raffe, D., The “Alternative Route” Reconsidered: Part-time Further Education and Social Mobility in England and Wales (1979) Sociology, 13, pp. 47-73; Shepherd, P., (1985) ‘The National Child Development Study: an introduction to the background of the study and the methods of data collection’, Working Paper no. 1, , NCDS User Support Group, London: City University; Smith, D., New Movements in the Sociology of Youth: A Critique (1981) British Journal of Sociology, 32, pp. 239-251; Stewart, A., Prandy, K., Blackburn, R., (1980) Social Stratification and Occupations, , London: MacMillan; Westergaard, J., Resler, H., (1975) Class in a Capitalist Society, , London: Heinemann; Wright, E.O., (1978) Class, Crisis and the State, , 2nd edition, London: Verso UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973178329&doi=10.1177%2f0950017087001004005&partnerID=40&md5=42c1e5bc1b00f7e467a319e4be710ddd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predisposing and Causative Factors in Childhood Epilepsy T2 - Epilepsia J2 - Epilepsia VL - 28 SP - S16 EP - S22 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1987.tb05750.x SN - 00139580 (ISSN) AU - Nelson, K.B. AU - Ellenberg, J.H. AD - Neuroepidemiology Branch and Office of Biometry and Field Studies, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States AB - Summary: We review information from large studies of defined populations, examining the role of known factors and especially of prenatal and perinatal factors in contributing to nonfebrile seizure disorders of early childhood. We depend especially, but not exclusively, on the recently completed analyses from the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, the NCPP. About 4% of children in the NCPP who had at least one non‐febrile nonsymptomatic seizure by the age of 7 years had a previous seizure during acute neurologic illness, such as meningitis or during the acute illness after trauma. Many such seizures should potentially be preventable. Of children with seizures, 10% had had a neonatal seizure and 13% had had a febrile seizure. Among the hundreds of prenatal and perinatal factors explored as predictors of childhood seizure disorders, the principal predictors identified were congenital malformations of the fetus, cerebral and noncerebral; family history of certain neurologic disorders; and neonatal seizures. In agreement with the British National Child Development Study, labor and delivery factors in the NCPP appeared to contribute very little to childhood seizure disorders. Maldevelopment, rather than damage at birth to an initially intact nervous system, appeared to be the more common mechanism. Most seizure disorders of early childhood remained unexplained by the large set of prenatal and perinatal characteristics examined. Copyright © 1987, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - Birth injury— KW - Cerebral trauma— KW - Child— KW - Genetics— KW - Meningitis— KW - Newborn infant— KW - Perinatology KW - pilepsy— KW - Seizures— KW - article KW - brain hypoxia KW - brain ischemia KW - child KW - delivery KW - embryology KW - epilepsy KW - febrile convulsion KW - female KW - forceps KW - human KW - immunization KW - infant KW - male KW - maternal age KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - risk KW - Brain Ischemia KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Human KW - Hypoxia, Brain KW - Immunization KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Maternal Age KW - Obstetrical Forceps KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk KW - Seizures, Febrile N1 - Cited By :52 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3622420 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Nelson, K.B.; National Institutes of Health, Nincds, Rm. 8C-16 Federal Bldg, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States N1 - References: Alberman, E., Stanley, F., Guidelines for the epidemiologic approach (1984) The epidemiology of the cerebral palsies, p. 172. , Stanley F., Alberman E.,. Philadelphia:, J. B. Lippincott; Chevrie, JJ, Aicardi, J., Convulsive disorders in the first year of life: Etiologic factors (1977) Epilepsia, 18, pp. 489-498; Degen, R., Epilepsy in children, an etiological study based on their obstetrical records (1978) J. Neurol., 217, pp. 145-158; Dennis, J., The implications of neonatal seizures (1979) Advances in perinatal neurology, 1, pp. 205-224. , Korobkin R., Guilleminault C.,. New York:, SP Medical & Scientific Books; Derham, RJ, Matthews, TG, Clarke, TA., Early seizures indicate quality of perinatal care (1985) Arch Dis Childhd, 60, pp. 809-813; Deymeer, F., Leviton, L., Perinatal factors and seizure disorders: an epidemiologic review (1985) Epilepsia, 26, pp. 287-298; Ellenberg, JH, Nelson, KB., Birthweight and gestational age in children with cerebral palsy or seizure disorders (1979) Am J Dis Child, 133, pp. 1044-1048; Ellenberg, JH, Nelson, KB., Sample selection and the natural history of disease. Studies in febrile seizures (1980) JAMA, 243, pp. 1337-1340; Ellenberg, JH, Hirtz, DG, Nelson, KB., Age at onset of seizures in young children (1984) Ann Neurol, 15, pp. 127-134; Hauser, WA, Kurland, LT., The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967 (1975) Epilepsia, 16, pp. 1-66; Hirtz, DG, Nelson, KB, Ellenberg, JH., Seizures following childhood immunizations (1983) J Pediatr, 102, pp. 14-18; Hirtz, DG, Ellenberg, JH, Nelson, KB., The risk of recurrence of nonfebrile seizures in children (1984) Neurology, 34, pp. 637-641; Holden, KR, Mellits, ED, Freeman, JM., Neonatal seizures. I. Correlation of prenatal and perinatal events with outcomes (1982) Pediatrics, 70, pp. 165-176; Leviton, A., Cowan, LD., Methodological issues in the epidemiology of seizure disorders in children (1981) Epidemiol Rev, 3, pp. 67-89; Leviton, A., Cowan, LD., Do febrile seizures predispose to complex partial epilepsy? An epidemiologic perspective (1981) Febrile seizures, pp. 65-74. , Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH,. New York:, Raven Press; Leviton, A., Cowan, LD., Epidemiology of seizure disorders in children (1982) Neuroepidemiology, 1, pp. 40-83; Lilienfeld, AM, Pasamanick, B., Association of maternal and fetal factors with the development of epilepsy. I. Abnormalities in the prenatal and paranatal periods (1954) Journal of the American Medical Association, 155, pp. 719-724; Nelson, KB, Ellenberg, JH., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 1029-1033; Nelson, KB, Ellenberg, JH., Maternal seizure disorder, outcome of pregnancy, and neurologic abnormalities in the children (1982) Neurology, 32, pp. 1247-1254; Nelson, KB, Ellenberg, JH., Perinatal factors and risk for nonfebrile seizure disorders in children free of cerebral palsy (1984) Advances in epileptology. XVth International Symposium, pp. 385-389. , Porter RJ et al.,. New York:, Raven Press; Nelson, KB, Ellenberg, JH., Antecedents of seizure disorders in early childhood (1986) Am J Dis Child, 140, pp. 1053-1061; Nelson, KB, Ellenberg, JH., Antecedents of cerebral palsy. Multivariate analysis of risk (1986) N Engl J Med, 315, pp. 81-86; Palm, L., Blennow, G., Brun, A., Infantile spasms and neuronal heterotopias, a report on six cases (1986) Acta Paediatr Scand, 75, pp. 855-859; Rose, AL, Lombroso, CT., Neonatal seizure states (1970) Pediatrics, 45, pp. 404-425; Ross, EM., Convulsive disorders in British children (1973) Proc R Soc Med, 66, pp. 703-704; Ross, EM, Peckham, CS, West, PB, Butler, NR., Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br Med J, 1, pp. 207-210; Schulte, FJ., Neonatal convulsions and their relation to epilepsy in early childhood (1966) Develop Med Child Neurol, 8, pp. 381-392; van den Berg, B., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. I. Incidence of febrile and nonfebrile convulsions by age and other factors (1969) Pediatr Res, 3, pp. 298-304 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023081083&doi=10.1111%2fj.1528-1157.1987.tb05750.x&partnerID=40&md5=767b77a31f7d97e8ae6913a6663ee9c3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DSM-III sammenliknet med ICD-9 ved depresjoner langtidsstudie med etterundersøkelser T2 - Nordic Journal of Psychiatry J2 - Nord. J. Psychiatry VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 441 EP - 447 PY - 1987 DO - 10.3109/08039488709097035 SN - 08039488 (ISSN) AU - Ose, E. AD - Sjeflege, Sandviken sykehus, Universitetet i Bergen, N-5035, Bergen-Sandviken, Norway AB - One of the elements of a study based on a cohort of 386 depressive patients, representing half of the patients still alive of a total material of 1016, was a comparison between DSM-III and ICD-9. The patients making up the total material were personally examined for the first time in the years 1958-71, in West and South Norway. The first follow-up took place in 1969-72, the second in 1983-84. More than 90% of the patients were included in follow-up examinations in both the first and second follow-up. The clinical data registered at both the first examination and the first follow-up made it possible to employ DSM-III thereafter. An attempt has been made to analyse the similarities and differences between these classification systems. Whether ICD-9 or DSM-III was employed, the different diagnosis groups showed an improvement, compared with the condition at both the first examination and the first follow-up, if the number who have become free of symptoms is taken as a measure of improvement. The patients whose condition was diagnosed as dysthymia according to DSM-III were all, at both the first examination and the first follow-up, classified as suffering from major depression according to DSM-III, or from neurotic depression according to ICD-9. A shift in the course of time can thus be seen within the DSM-III system between the different diagnostic groups, depending on the development of the condition. DSM-III has been shown to be a "flexible" classification system. On the basis of the results of this material, dysthymia must be considered to be a more or less chronic, very "light" form of depression, on the borderline of "normal" mood. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - DSM-III KW - Epression KW - ICD-9 KW - Long-term study PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NJPYE LA - Norwegian N1 - Correspondence Address: Ose, E.; Sjeflege, Sandviken sykehus, Universitetet i Bergen, N-5035, Bergen-Sandviken, Norway N1 - References: Ose, E., Diagnoser i psykiatrien. Er de nødvendige eller overflødige? (1976) Tidsskr norske Lægeforen., pp. 817-819; Aksikal, H.S., The nosological status of neurotic depression (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 35, pp. 756-766; (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), Third Edition, , APA Washington, D C; (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and guide to their classification in accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Disease, , WHO Geneva; Specht, G., Zur Frage der exogenen Schädigungstypen (1913) Zeischr gesamt Neurol Psychiat, 19, pp. 104-116; Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., Classification of mental disorders and DSM-III (1980) Comprehensive textbook of Psychiatry III, pp. 1035-1072. , Eds. H I Kaplan, A M Freedman, B J Sadsek Williams & Wilkins Baltimore; Kass, E., Therapists' recognition of psychopathology: A model for quality review of psychopathology (1980) Amer J Psychiatry, 137, pp. 607-610; Watts, F.N., Clinical judgement and clinical training (1980) Brit J Med Psychol, 53, pp. 95-108; Eitinger, L., Retterstøl, N., Malt, U., (1984) Psykoser og organisk betingede sinnslidelser, , Universitetsforlaget Oslo-Bergen-Stavanger-Tromsø; Ose, E., Depresjoner (1985) En personlig foretatt langtidsstudie med etterundersøkelser, , Universitetet i Bergen UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907126420&doi=10.3109%2f08039488709097035&partnerID=40&md5=5252c08a1ea8be75f896f0c82c264c6a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Migration and changes in ABO and Rh blood group clines in Britain T2 - Human Biology J2 - HUM. BIOL. VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 337 EP - 344 PY - 1987 SN - 00187143 (ISSN) AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AU - Lasker, G.W. AD - Department of Physical Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - The force of internal migration toward national genetic homogeneity is seen in a cohort of 8850 British women who were ABO and Rh (+ or -) typed and located by residence in one of 40 county or county-group areas in England, Scotland and Wales in 1958 and again in 1974. The clines of phenotype frequencies of types O, A, B + AB and Rh- were plotted by polynomial regression on easting (longitude) and northing (latitude) and show a persistent heterogeneity but with statistically significant inter-regional shifts that account for the slightly flatter clinal curves for some of the geographic distributions after 16 years. KW - blood and hemopoietic system KW - blood group ABO system KW - blood group rhesus system KW - geographic distribution KW - heredity KW - human KW - human cell KW - phenotype frequency KW - priority journal KW - ABO Blood-Group System KW - Demography KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Rh-Hr Blood-Group System KW - Transients and Migrants N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HUBIA C2 - 3110048 LA - English N1 - Chemicals/CAS: ABO Blood-Group System; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023257358&partnerID=40&md5=2dc3f3dfc3658cfc87a1902ddeb50e73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The epidemiology of childhood eczema: I. A population based study of associations T2 - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology J2 - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 79 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1987.tb00091.x SN - 02695022 (ISSN) AU - Golding, J. AU - Peters, T.J. AD - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Department of Medical Computing and Statistics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom AB - Summary. Information on whether they thought their child had ever had eczema was obtained from the mothers of 12 555 children in a national cohort of five‐year‐olds born in 1970. This question was part of a multiple battery of questions concerning the medical, social, environmental and behavioural background of the child. These data were linked to the information that had been collected on the cohort at birth, and a profile of characteristics of the children with reported eczema was produced. A large proportion (46/135) of associations were statistically significant at the 1% level. The major associations were with socio‐economic indicators and characteristics of parental health behaviour, with the most advantaged socio‐economic groups and those with more positive health behaviour having increased rates of reported eczema. The patterns of associations form an interesting profile of the backgrounds of children reported to have had eczema. Identification of these factors was necessary before more advanced statistical techniques were employed to investigate which of these variables predominate when they are considered simultaneously, and to generate hypotheses as to which factors may be causally associated with the disorder. Copyright © 1987, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - cohort analysis KW - economic aspect KW - eczema KW - education KW - environmental sanitation KW - female KW - human KW - infant KW - life event KW - male KW - methodology KW - parental behavior KW - preschool child KW - psychological aspect KW - questionnaire KW - short survey KW - socioeconomics KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cohort Studies KW - Eczema KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Health Behavior KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Parents KW - Pregnancy KW - Social Class N1 - Cited By :38 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3506192 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom N1 - References: Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939–45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study, , London:, Longman; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Risk factors in childhood eczema (1982) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 36, pp. 118-122; Davis, L.R., Marten, R.H., Sarkany, I., Atopic eczema in European and negro West Indian infants in London (1961) British Journal of Dermatology, 73, pp. 410-414; Kramer, M.S., Moroz, B., Do breast‐feeding and delayed introduction of solid foods protect against subsequent atopic eczema (1981) J. Pediatr., 98, pp. 546-550; Worth, R.M., Atopic dermatitis among Chinese infants in Honolulu and San Francisco (1962) Hawaii Med. J., 22, pp. 31-34; Rowntree, S., Cogswell, J.J., Platts‐Mills, T.A.E., Development of IgE and IgG antibodies to food and inhalant allergens in children at risk of allergic disease (1985) Arch. Dis. Child., 60, pp. 727-735; Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, D.M., Beautrais, A.L., Eczema and infant diet (1980) Clin. Allergy, 11, pp. 325-331; Wilson, G.F., Asthma in school children (1958) The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 78, pp. 274-284; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970: Vol. 1: The First Week of Life, , London:, Heinemann Medical Books; Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Howlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British Births 1970: Vol. 2: Obstetric Care, , London:, Heinemann Medical Books; Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five Year Olds, , Oxford:, Pergamon Press; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five‐Year‐Olds, , London:, Routledge & Kegan Paul; (1966) Classification of Occupations, , London:, HMSO; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1978) Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , London:, Tavistock Publications; Smith, J.M., Incidence of atopic disease (1974) Med. Clin. North Am., 58, pp. 3-24 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023568418&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1987.tb00091.x&partnerID=40&md5=e531e019e41417dceabbe76b342b3f17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unemployed youth and health: Findings from the pilot phase of a longitudinal study T2 - Social Science and Medicine J2 - Soc. Sci. Med. VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 133 EP - 146 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1016/0277-9536(87)90381-9 SN - 02779536 (ISSN) AU - Cullen, J.H. AU - Ryan, G.M. AU - Cullen, K.M. AU - Ronayne, T. AU - Wynne, R.F. AD - Irish Foundation for Human Development, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Social Equity and Health, Garden Hill, EHB Box 41A, 1 James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland AB - Contemporary research perspectives on the impact of unemployment on health and well-being among young people have tended to focus on a rather narrow range of outcomes, typically those in the mental health domain. The impetus for the proposed longitudinal study, the main dimensions of which are described in this paper, reflects the need for a more comprehensive profiling of the health needs and experiences of young people if effective interventions tailored to their short and long term health needs are to be developed. The proposed study includes variables from a wide range of domains and adopts an interdisciplinary perspective. The feasibility of the approach, both in terms of establishing appropriately stratified samples and determining the acceptability and utility of the measures proposed has been examined during an extensive pilot phase. Findings from the database established during this phase are presented. These focus on multi-dimensional comparisons of health and well-being employed and unemployed young people, the impact of socio-economic status of origin on cardiovascular and other indicators, and the correlates of health and well-being among the unemployed. The results point to the potential complexity of the influences on health status and behaviour and the need to develop comprehensive models of this for research and intervention purposes. © 1987. KW - health KW - unemployment KW - young adults KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - article KW - female KW - health service KW - human KW - longitudinal study KW - male KW - pilot study KW - prevalence KW - theoretical model KW - unemployment KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Pilot Projects KW - Unemployment N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SSMDE C2 - 3498990 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cullen, J.H. N1 - References: Cullen K., Cullen J., Wynne R., Byers G., Ryan G., Ronayne T. and Brady L. Considerations for the delivery of health interventions with advantaged and disadvantaged youth. In Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Health Education. Health Education Bureau, Dublin. In press; Ronayne T., Cullen J., Ryan J., Cullen K. and Wynne R. Monitoring, protection and promotion of mental health in working and non-working contents. In Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Health Education. Health Education Bureau, Dublin. In press; Cullen J., Ryan J., Cullen K., Wynne R., Cullen M., Byers G. and Brady L. Young Adults, Health and Work, Research Report No. 42. Research Department Eastern Health Board, Dublin (undated); Goldberg, (1972) The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire, , Oxford University Press, London; Crown, Crisp, (1979) Manual of the Crown-Crisp Experimental Index, , Hodder & Stoughton, London; Banks, Clegg, Jackson, Kemp, Stafford, The use of the General Health Questionnaire as an indicator of mental health in occupational studies (1980) Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, pp. 187-194; McGrail, (1979) Prejudice and Tolerance in Ireland, , College of Industrial Relations, Dublin; Black, (1980) Report of the Working Group on Inequalities in Health, , DHSS/HMSO, London; Elliott, Eisdorfer, (1982) Stress and Human Health: Analysis and Implications of Research, , Springer, New York; Kasl, Pursuing the link between stressful life events and disease: a time of reappraisal (1983) Stress Research: Issues for the Eighties, , C.L. Copper, Wiley, London; Newcomb, Huba, Benter, A multidimensional assessment of stressful life events among adolescents: derivation and correlates (1981) J. Hlth soc. Behav., 22, pp. 400-415; Liem, Liem, Social support and stress: some general issues and their application to theproblem of unemployment (1979) Mental Health and the Economy, , L.A. Ferman, J.P. Gordus, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Mich; Henderson, Duncan-Jones, Byrne, Scott, Measuring social relationships: the interview schedule for social interaction (1980) Physiol. Med., 10, pp. 723-734; Cummings, Becker, Maile, Bring the models together: an empirical approach to combining variables useto explain health actions (1980) J. behav. Med., 3, pp. 123-145; Wallston, Wallston, DeVellis, Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales (1978) Hlth Educn Monogr., 6, pp. 160-170; Maiman, Becker, The health belief model: origins and correlates in psychological theory (1974) Hlth Educn Monogr., 2, pp. 336-353; Siegal, Leitch, Behavioural factors and blood pressures in adolescents: the Tacoma Study (1981) Am. J. Epidem., 113, pp. 171-181; Coates, Parker, Kolodner, Stress and heart disease: does blood pressure reactivity offer a link (1982) Promoting Adolescent Health: A Dialog on Research and Practice, , T.J. Coates, A.C. Peterson, C. Perry, Academic Press, London; Ryan, Cullen, Cullen, Ronayne, Wynne, Cullen, Byers, Brady, Prevalence and correlates of the type A behaviour pattern among employed and unemployed young adults XXI Congress on Occupational Health, , Paper presented to the, Dublin; Williams, Tarnopolsky, Hand, Case definition and case identification in psychiatric epidemiology: review and assessment (1980) Psychol. Med., 10, pp. 101-114; Brunswick, Indicators of health status in adolescence (1976) Int. J. Hlth Serv., 6, pp. 475-492; Brunswick, (1983) Adolescent disorders schedule, , Personal Communication; Peckham, Pearson, Preliminary findings at the age of 16 years on children in the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort) (1976) Publ. Hlth, 90, pp. 271-280; Wynne R., Byers G., Cullen J., Ryan G., Cullen K. and Ronayne T. An account of the health education intervention used in the employed young workers sample. Unpublished mimeograph; Grimley Evans, Tunbridge, Blood pressure and social class (1981) Public Health, 95, pp. 161-164 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023078098&doi=10.1016%2f0277-9536%2887%2990381-9&partnerID=40&md5=05e493521c345ecd05eebfdfb23b3e11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does grand multiparity affect fetal outcome? T2 - International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics J2 - Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 7 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1016/0020-7292(87)90176-7 SN - 00207292 (ISSN) AU - Seidman, D.S. AU - Gale, R. AU - Slater, P.E. AU - Ever-Hadani, P. AU - Harlap, S. AD - Department of Neonatology, Bikur Holim Hospital, Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine Jerusalem AD - Department of Medical Ecology, Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine Jerusalem AB - Low birthweight and stillbirth rates of 16,647 Jerusalem deliveries were examined by birth-order comparing longitudinal to cross-sectional data. Six hundred fifty-seven complete sibships of 7 or more were assessed, including 95 sibships from the socio-economically homogeneous ultraorthodox Jewish community of Mea Shearim. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies grandmultiparas were not at increased risk for low birthweight, but did have a higher frequency of stillbirths. © 1987. KW - Cross-sectional study KW - Grand multiparity KW - Homogeneous population KW - Longitudinal study KW - Low birth weight KW - diagnosis KW - etiology KW - fatality KW - female genital system KW - fetus outcome KW - human KW - low birth weight KW - major clinical study KW - multipara KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - stillbirth KW - Asia KW - Biology KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Weight KW - Cross Sectional Analysis KW - Data Collection KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Developing Countries KW - Fertility KW - Fertility Measurements KW - Fetal Death--determinants KW - Israel KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Low Birth Weight--determinants KW - Macroeconomic Factors KW - Mediterranean Countries KW - Mortality KW - Multiparity KW - Parity KW - Physiology KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Primiparity KW - Research Methodology KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Studies KW - Western Asia KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Humans KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Israel KW - Jews KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJGOA C2 - 2883039 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Gale, R.; Department of Neonatology, Bikur Holim Hospital, Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine Jerusalem N1 - References: Al-sayegh, Hathout, Reappraisal of grand multiparity (1974) Int J Obstet Gynecol, 12, p. 159; Bailey, (1959) Statistical Methods in Biology, pp. 38-40. , The English University Press, London; Bakketeig, Hoffman, Perinatal mortality by birth order within cohorts based on sibship size (1979) Br Med J, 2, p. 693; Baskett, Grand multiparity — a continuing threat: a 6-year review (1977) CMA J, 16, p. 1001; Blalock, (1979) Social Statistics, pp. 232-238. , McGraw Hill, New York; Butler, Alberman, (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Livingstone, Edinburgh; Central Bureau of Statistics, (1984) Statistical Abstract of Israel 1984, p. 99. , 2nd edn, State of Israel Interior Ministry, Jerusalem; Chang, Larkin, Esler, The obstetric performance of the grandmultipara (1977) Med J Aust, 1, p. 330; Hardy, Mellits, Relationship of low birth weight to maternal characteristics of age, parity, education and body size (1977) The Epidemiology of Prematurity, pp. 105-118. , DM Reed, FJ Stanley, Urban & Shwarzenberg, Baltimore; Harlap, Davies, (1978) The pill and births: The Jerusalem Study, , National Institute of child health and development, Bethesda, MD, USA; Harlap, Davies, Grover, Prywes, The Jerusalem perinatal study: the first decade 1964–1973 (1977) Isr J Med Sci, 13, p. 1073; Hovatta, Lipasti, Rapola, Karjalainen, Causes of stillbirth: a clinicopathological study of 243 patients (1983) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 90, p. 691; Israel, Blazar, Obstetric behavior of the grand multipara (1965) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 91, p. 326; James, Birth order, maternal age and birth interval in epidemiology (1976) Int J Epidemiol, 5, p. 131; James, Stillbirth and birth order (1968) Ann Hum Genet, 32, p. 151; Klebanoff, Graubard, Kessell, Low birth weight across generations (1984) J Am Med Assoc, 252, p. 2423; Legg, Davies, Prywas, Patterns of low birth weight in west Jerusalem with special reference to maternal origin (1970) Br J Prev Soc Med, 24, p. 89; McKeown, Gibson, Observations on all births (23,970) in Birmingham. II. Birth weight (1951) Br J Soc Med, 5, p. 98; Morrison, Olsen, Weight specific stillbirths and associated causes of death: an analysis of 765 stillbirths (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 152, p. 975; Naeye, Causes of perinatal mortality in the US collaborative perinatal project (1977) J Am Med Assoc, 238, p. 228; Nortman, Parental age as a factor in pregnancy outcome and child development (1974) Rep Pop Fam Plann, 16, p. 36; Rantakallio, Havtikaiven-Sorri, The relationship between birth weight, smoking during pregnancy and maternal weight gain (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 113, p. 590; Resseguie, Influence of age, birth order and reproductive compensation on stillbirth ratios (1973) J Biosoc Sci, 5, p. 443; Roman, Fetal loss and their relation to pregnancy order (1984) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 38, p. 29; Scharfman, Silverstein, The grand multipara (1962) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 84, p. 1441; Trindade, De Noberga, Rudge, Birth weight and gestational age and factors (socioeconomic, maternal, fetal and placental) which influence fetal development (1980) J Pediatr (RJO), 42, p. 83; Walker, Clinical obstetric features of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (1965) Clin Dev Med, 19, p. 36; World Health Organization, (1984) World Health Statistics Annual 1984, pp. 28-30. , 2nd edn, WHO, Geneva; Yudkin, Baras, A new approach to assessing the effect of birth order on the outcome of pregnancy (1983) J Biosoc Sci, 15, p. 307; Ziel, Grand multiparity — its obstetric implications (1962) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 84, p. 1427 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023149708&doi=10.1016%2f0020-7292%2887%2990176-7&partnerID=40&md5=068e5a2e4e0da7815fe9a86131771b0c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth of children from 0-5 years: With special reference to mother's smoking in pregnancy T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 543 EP - 557 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1080/03014468700009381 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Elwood, P.C. AU - Sweetnam, P.M. AU - Gray, O.P. AU - Davies, D.P. AU - Wood, P.D.P. AD - M. R. C. Epidemiology Unit, Cardiff, United Kingdom AD - Department of Child Health, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom AD - Milk Marketing Board, Thames Ditton, Surrey, United Kingdom AB - A cohort of 1163 pregnant women in two small towns in South Wales, UK, was identified and followed until the children born to them were five years of age. Growth in these children is described and a number of determinants identified. Social-class differences were very small at birth but differences in height became clear by the age of two years and in head circumference before this. In height the differences were largely accounted for by greater growth in social class I, but there was a gradient in head circumference throughout all the social classes. The social class effects gradually increased as the children became older. Parity of the mothers had a small effect on size at birth but age of the mother had no effect once parity was allowed for. Data on illnesses in the children were collected but no effect on growth could be detected. By far the most important determinant of growth which could be controlled is maternal smoking. About 40% of the women smoked, about 17% heavily (15 or more cigarettes per day) and the prevalence of smoking altered little during pregnancy. There was a graded effect of smoking on growth up to a 9% deficit in birth-weight, a 2% deficit in length at birth and a 1·5% deficit in head circumference in the babies born to the mothers who smoked most heavily (25 or more cigarettes per day) compared with non-smokers. There effects decreased with age but there were still residual effects at age five years. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - economic aspect KW - epidemiology KW - geographic distribution KW - growth KW - human KW - infant KW - normal human KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - smoking KW - social aspect KW - Age Factors KW - Anthropometry KW - Behavior KW - Biology KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Data Analysis KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Europe KW - Growth KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Measurement KW - Northern Europe KW - Physiology KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Pregnancy KW - Reproduction KW - Research Methodology KW - Smoking KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Studies KW - United Kingdom KW - Wales KW - Youth KW - Adult KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Cephalometry KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Growth Disorders KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Skull KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Wales PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 3435040 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Elwood, P.C.; M. R. C. Epidemiology Unit, Cardiff, United Kingdom N1 - References: Acheson, R.M., (1960) Human Growth, pp. 73-92. , Ed. J.M. Tanner Pergamon Press Oxford In; Astrup, P., Some physiological and pathological effects of moderate carbon monoxide exposure (1972) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 447-452; Blitzer, P.H., Rimm, A.A., Geifer, E.E., The effect of cessation of smoking on body weight in 57,032 women: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses (1977) Journal of Chronic Diseases, 30, pp. 415-429; Bray, P.F., Shields, W.D., Wolcott, G.J., Madsen, J.A., Occipitofrontal head circumference—an accurate measure of intracrancial volume (1969) Journal of Paediatrics, 75, pp. 303-305; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-575; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Ross, E.M., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality (1972) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 127-130; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., The secular trend in the height of primary school children in England and Scotland from 1972–1980 (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 2, pp. 1-16; Cliquet, R.L., Social mobility and the anthropological structure of populations (1968) Human Biology, 40, pp. 17-43; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman London; Davies, D.P., Holding, R.E., Neonatometer: a new infant length measurer (1972) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 47, pp. 938-940; (1981) Medical Aspects of Food Policy, pp. 49-63. , Subcommittee on Nutritional Surveillance, Second Report London; (1987) Medical Aspects of Food Policy, , Subcommittee on Nutritional Surveillance, Third Report London (in the press); Dobbing, J., Sands, J., Head circumferences, biparietal diameter and brain growth in fetal and postnatal life (1978) Early Human Development, 2 (1), pp. 81-87; Douglas, J.W.B., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children under Five, , Allen & Unwin London; Elwood, P.C., Methods for the evaluation of nutritional status (1982) Nutrition and Health, pp. 5-20. , Ed. M. Turner MTP Press/British Nutrition Foundation Lancaster In; Elwood, P.C., Haley, T.J.L., Hughes, S.J., Sweetnam, P.M., Gray, O.P., Davies, D.P., Child growth (0–5 years), and the effect of entitlement to a milk supplement (1981) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 56, pp. 831-835; Eysenck, H.J., Personality and the maintenance of the smoking habit (1972) Smoking Behaviour: Motives and Incentives, pp. 113-147. , Ed. W.L. Dunn Winston Washington DC In; Fogelman, K., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent development of the child (1980) Childcare, Health and Development, 6, pp. 233-249; Fox, P.T., Elston, M.D., Waterlow, J.C., Pre-school child survey (1981) Department of Health and Social Security: Medical Aspects of Food Policy: Subcommittee on Nutritional Surveillance, Second Report, pp. 64-83. , HMSO London In; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven year old children (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Goldstein, H., Factors related to birth weight and perinatal mortality (1981) British Medical Bulletin, 37, pp. 259-264; Hellier, J.L., Goldstein, H., the use of birthweight and gestation to assess perinatal mortality risk (1979) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 33, pp. 183-185; Hewitt, D., Westropp, C.K., Acheson, R.M., Oxford child health survey: effect of childish ailments on skeletal development (1955) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 9, pp. 179-186; Illsley, R., Finlayson, A., Thompson, B., The motivation and characteristics of internal migrants (1963) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 41, pp. 217-223; Jenkins, L.R., Coronary heart disease and short stature (1981) Lancet, 2, p. 639; Lefkowitz, M.M., Smoking during pregnancy: long term effects on offspring (1981) Developmental Psychology, 17, pp. 192-194; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche of Swedish urban school children with relative socioeconomic and regional factors (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, pp. 501-505; McGarry, J.M., Andrews, J., Smoking in pregnancy and vitamin B12 metabolism (1972) British Medical Jounal, 2, pp. 74-77; Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Knox, E.G., Brandon, S., (1974) The School Years in Newcastle upon Tyne, , Oxford University Press London; Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Walton, W.S., Knox, E.G., (1960) Growing up in Newcastle upon Tyne, , The Nuffield Foundation, Oxford University Press London; (1970) Classification of Occupations, , HMSO London; Richman, N., Graham, P.J., A behavioural screening questionnaire for use with three year old children. Preliminary findings (1971) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 12, pp. 5-33; Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) British Medical Bulletin, 37, pp. 265-272; Rona, R.J., Barney, A., Altman, D., Irwig, L.M., Duv, F.C., Surveillance of growth as an index of health in the community (1979) Measurement of Levels of Health, pp. 397-404. , Eds. W.W. Holland, J. Iper, J. Kostrewski WHO Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen In; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., du V. Florey, C., Exposure to cigarette smoking and childs growth (1985) International Journal of Epidemiology, 14, pp. 402-409; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Rose, G., Marmot, M.G., Social class and coronary heart disease (1981) British Heart Journal, 45, pp. 13-19; Rush, D., Examination of the relationship between birthweight, cigarette smoking during pregnancy and maternal weight gain (1974) Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British common wealth, 81, pp. 746-752; Sexton, M., Hebel, R.J., A clinical trial of change in maternal smoking and its effect on birth weight (1984) American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 128, pp. 911-915; Singer, J.E., Westphal, M., Niswander, K., Relationship of weight gain during pregnancy to birth weight and infant growth and development in the first year of life (1968) Obstetrics and Gynecology, 31, pp. 417-423; Spence, J., Walton, W.S., Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., (1954) A Thousand Families in Newcastle upon Tyne: An Approach to the Study of Health and Illness in Children, , The Nuffield Foundation and The Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust, Oxford University Press London; Tager, I.B., Weiss, S.T., Alvaro Munoz, M.S., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.E., Longitudinal study of the effects of maternal smoking on pulmonary function in children (1983) New England Journal of Medicine, 309, pp. 699-703; Tanner, J.M., Catch up growth in man (1981) British Medical Bulletin, 37, pp. 233-238; Tanner, J.M., Hiernaux, J., Jarman, S., Growth and physique studies (1969) Human Biology: A Guide to Field Methods, , Eds. J.S. Weiner, J.A. Lourie Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford In; Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Takaishi, M., Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity and weight velocity: British children 1965 (1966) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 41, pp. 454-471. , 613–635; Thomson, A.M., Maternal stature and reproductive efficiency (1959) Eugenics Review, 51, pp. 157-162; Weiss, S.T., Tager, I.B., Schenker, M., Speizer, F.E., The health effects of involuntary smoking (1983) American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 128, pp. 933-942; Comparative study of social and biological effects on perinatal mortality (1976) World Health Statistics Report, 29, pp. 228-234; Yarnell, J.W.G., Do housing conditions influence respiratory morbidity and mortality in children? A study of hospital admissions and respiratory deaths in seven districts in South Wales (1979) Public Health London, 93, pp. 157-162; Yarnell, J.W.G., StLeger, A.S., Respiratory infections and their influence on lung function in children: a multiple regression analysis (1981) Thorax, 36, pp. 847-851; Younoszai, M.K., Peloso, J., Haworth, J.C., Fetal growth retardation in rats exposed to cigarette smoking during pregnancy (1969) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 104, pp. 1207-1213 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023619927&doi=10.1080%2f03014468700009381&partnerID=40&md5=4de9f6bc792d0be7c87e91f3a23a6ca7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Birthweight, socio-economic status and growth of Brazilian infants T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 57 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1080/03014468700008831 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Victora, C.G. AU - Barros, F.C. AU - Vaughan, J.P. AU - Martines, J.C. AU - Beria, J.U. AD - Department of Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil AD - Department of Paediatrics, Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, Brazil AD - Evaluation and Planning Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom AB - A population-based cohort of 1458 Brazilian infants was followed from birth to 9-15 months of age to investigate the effects of birthweight and family income on subsequent growth. There was a strong association between birthweight and attained weight and length, while virtually no malnutrition among children who weighed more than 3000g at birth; Children with lower birthweights tended to put on less weight during the first year, but these differences were no longer significant after controlling for family income. As a result, infants of lower birthweights tended to remain behind those of higher birthweights. Children from the wealthiest families gained 20% more weight than low-income infants, irrespective of birthweight. Low birthweight infants from high-income families were therefore likely to approach the standard weight at one year old while those from poor families lagged behind. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - birth weight KW - brazil KW - case report KW - diagnosis KW - economic aspect KW - fetus KW - geographic distribution KW - growth KW - human KW - infant KW - pregnancy KW - socioeconomics KW - Anthropometry KW - Birth Weight KW - Brazil KW - Growth KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Socioeconomic Factors PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 3592612 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Victora, C.G.; Department of Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazil N1 - References: Armitage, P., (1971) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, pp. 131-135. , Blackwell Oxford 147–166, 288–301; Baker, R.G., Nelder, J.A., (1978) The GLIM System Release 3, pp. 7-1-14-7. , Numerical Algorithms Group Oxford; Barros, F.C., Victora, C.G., Granzoto, J.A., Vaughan, J.P., Lemos, A.V., Jr., Saude perinatal em Pelotas, RS. Fatores sociais e biologicos (1984) Revista Saude Publica (Sao Paulo), 18, pp. 301-312; Chamberlain, R., Davey, A., Physical growth in twins, postmature and small-for-date children (1975) Archives of Diseases of Children, 50, pp. 437-442; Cruise, M.O., A longitudinal study of the growth of low birth weight infants. I. Velocity and distance growth, birth to 3 years (1973) Pediatrics, 51, pp. 620-628; Davis, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven. A Report of the National Child Development Study, p. 84. , Longman London; Dine, M.S., Gartside, P.S., Glueck, C.J., Rheines, L., Greene, G., Khouri, P., Where do the heaviest children come from? A prospective study of white children from birth to 5 years of age (1979) Pediatrics, 63, pp. 1-7; Goldstein, H., (1979) The Design and Analysis of Longitudinal Studies, pp. 120-121. , Academic Press London; Hofvander, Y., International comparisons of postnatal growth of low birthweight infants with special reference to differences between developing and affluent countries (1982) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 296, pp. 14-18; Jelliffe, D.B., (1966) The Assessment of the Nutritional Status of the Community, pp. 64-69. , WHO Monograph Series no. 53 Geneva; Mata, L.J., Urrutia, J.J., Kronmal, R.A., Joplin, C., Survival and physical growth in infancy and early childhood. Study of birthweight and gestational age in a Guatemalan indian village (1975) American Journal of the Diseases of Children, 129, pp. 561-566; McGregor, I.A., Rahman, A.K., Thompson, B., The growth of young children in a Gambian village (1968) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62, pp. 341-352; Miller, F.J.W., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle upon Tyne children (1972) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 26, pp. 224-230; Morley, D., Bicknell, J., Woodland, M., Factors influencing the growth and nutritional status of infants and young children in a Nigerian village (1968) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62, pp. 164-199; (1977) NCHS Growth Curves for Children. Birth-18 Years, pp. 78-1650. , publication no. (PHS) US Department of Health, Education and Welfare Rockville, MD; Neligan, G.A., Kolvin, I., Scott, D.M., Garside, R.F., Born Too Soon or Born Too Small? (1976) (Clinics in Developmental Medicine no. 61), , Heinemann London; Nie, N., Hull, C.H., Jenkins, J.G., Steinbrenner, K., Brent, D.H., (1975) SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, pp. 218-248. , 2nd ed. McGraw Hill New York 398–422; Paine, P.A., Pasquali, L., Joaquim, M.C.M., Effects of birthweight and gestational age upon growth in Brazilian infants: a longitudinal study (1983) Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 29, pp. 11-17; Puffer, R.R., Serrano, C.V., Patterns of Mortality in Childhood. Report of the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality in Childhood (1975) Scientific Publication no. 262, pp. 41-57. , PAHO-WHO Washington; Srivastava, A.K., Agarval, V.K., Gupta, S.K., Mehrotra, S.N., A longitudinal study of physical growth and morbidity patterns of small-for-date babies from birth to six months of age (1978) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 45, pp. 1-10; Tanner, J.M., (1978) Foetus into Man, pp. 37-51. , Open Books London; Victora, C.G., Barros, F.C., Martines, J.C., Beria, J.U., Vaughan, J.P., Estudo longitudinal das criancas nascidas em 1982 em Pelotas, RS. Metodologia e resultados preliminares (1985) Revista Saude Publica (San Paulo), 19, pp. 58-68; Waterlow, J.C., Buzina, R., Keller, W., Lane, J.M., Nichaman, M.Z., Tanner, J.M., The presentation and use of height and weight data for comparing the nutritional status of children under the age of 10 years (1977) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 55, pp. 489-498; The incidence of low birth weight. A critical review of available information (1980) World Health Statistics Quarterly, 33, pp. 197-224 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023154372&doi=10.1080%2f03014468700008831&partnerID=40&md5=8e6e92fb3fd72050a5d79a15bfe6a72f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Educational disadvantage: The bearing of the early home background on children's academic attainment and school progress T2 - Early Child Development and Care J2 - Early Child Dev. Care VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 219 EP - 237 PY - 1987 DO - 10.1080/0300443870270202 SN - 03004430 (ISSN) AU - Cox, T. AD - University College of Swansea, United Kingdom AB - This paper describes the result of a longitudinal study of a sample of children from culturally and materially disadvantaged homes and a matched control group in which the children's educational attainments were assessed at the ages of 7, 11 and 15 years respectively. The finding that the disadvantaged children made significantly poorer academic progress than their more advantaged peers throughout their entire school careers and appeared to suffer a ‘cumulative deficit’ in their academic learning, supports the view that the early home environment has a major bearing upon the child's subsequent school progress. However, the importance of the early environment in this respect is probably conditional upon the stability of that environment during the child's school years. Aspects of the early environment which may particularly bear upon the child's school progress are discussed, but the importance of the interplay between home, school and ‘within child’ factors in determining the child's academic attainment is acknowledged. © Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Inc., 1987 N1 - Cited By :3 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Cox, T.; University College of SwanseaUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Chazan, M., Cox, T., Jackson, S., Laing, A.F., Studies of Infant School Children, Volume 2, Deprivation and Development (1977), Oxford: Basil Blackwell for the Schools Council; Clarke, A.M., Clarke, A.D.B., Early Experience: Myth and Evidence (1976), London: Open Books; Clarke, A.M., Early Experience and Cognitive Development (1984) Review of Research in Education, 11, pp. 125-157; Coleman, J.S., Campbell, E.Q., Hobson, C.J., McPartland, J., Mood, A.M., Weinfeld, F.D., York, R.L., Equality of Educational Opportunity (1966), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; Cox, T., Disadvantaged Fifteen-year-olds: initial findings from a longitudinal study (1982) Educ, 8, pp. 1-13. , Studies; Cox, T., Cumulative deficit in culturally disadvantaged children (1983) Brit.J. Educ. Psychol., 53, pp. 317-326; Cox, T., Jones, G., Disadvantaged 11-Year-Olds. Book Supplement to the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, No. 3 (1983), Oxford: Pergamon Press; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., From Birth to Seven. The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1968 Cohort) (1972), London: Longman in association with the National Children's Bureau; Deutsch, M., The role of social class in language development and cognition (1965) Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 35, pp. 78-88; Douglas, J.W.B., Ross, J.M., Simpson, H.R., All Our Future (1968), London: Davies; Essen, J., Wedge, P., Continuities in Childhood Disadvantage (1982), London: Heineman; Fogelman, K.R., Goldstein, H., Essen, J., Ghodsian, M., Patterns of attainment (1978) Educ, 4, pp. 121-130. , Studies; Gottfried, A.W., Home Environment and Early Cognitive Development: Logitudinal Research (1984), (Ed.) (New York: Academic Press; Hewison, J., Tizard, J., Parental involvement and reading attainment (1980) Brit. J. Educ. Psychol., 50, pp. 209-215; Report, P., Central Advisory Council for Education (England) (1967) Children and their Primary Schools, 1. , Report, Volume 2: Research and Surveys, London: H.M.S.O; Raven, J., Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Mill Hill Vocabulary Scales (1981) Research Supplement, (1). , London: H.K. Lewis; Rutter, M., School effects on pupil progress: research findings and policy implications (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 1-29; Schweinhart, L.J., Weikart, D.P., Young Children Grow up: The Effects of the Perry Pre-school Program on Youths through Age 15 (1980) Monograph of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, , Ypsilanti, M.I.: High Scope Press; Wells, C.G., Pre-school literacy activities and success in school. The Nature and Consequences of Literacy, , (in press). In Olsen, D. et al. (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0041173014&doi=10.1080%2f0300443870270202&partnerID=40&md5=79bc190d3b68fb268cf9c1ccf1db6e99 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assortative mating and differential fertility T2 - Biology and Society J2 - BIOL. SOC. VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 167 EP - 170 PY - 1986 SN - 02663880 (ISSN) AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Physical Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - The relationship between educational homogamy and fertility in a British national cohort were examined. The families studied were ascertained via the National Child Development Study, which examined all children born in Britain in 1 week in March 1958. The children and their families subsequently were examined when the children were aged 7, 11, 16, and 25. The average age of the mothers in 1958 was nearly 28 years. The fertility data were collected in 1974. Fertility refers to the number of liveborn offspring per family. Using the husband's occupation, households were placed into 1 of the Registrar-General's 5 social classes. Education was classified according to the age at which the individual completed full time schooling or higher education. To assess educational heterogamy, the measure used was the difference between husband and wife in the ages at which they left school or full time education. Since there were few couples where the difference exceeded 3 years, only 4 categories were used, i.e., a difference of less than 1 year (0), of 1, 2, and 3 years or over. There was considerable similarity between spouses in education as measured by age at leaving school or higher education. Over half the sample showed no difference in age. The mean family size was 3.33 with a standard deviation of 1.70. It increased significantly from social class I to V and also with parental age. As educational heterogamy increased, so did average number of offspring per family. An analysis of variance of fertility distinguished the effects of parental ages, social class, and educational homogamy, as well as the interaction between class and homogamy. Age of the mother was associated very strongly with family size while that of the father was not. A multiple classification analysis indicated that fertility increased from social class I to V, but there was trend for decreasing fertility as educational homogamy decreased, overall and within each social class except II and V. A stepwise multiple regression analysis provided similar results, as did an analysis which took the sign of the educational differences into account. KW - assortative mating KW - central nervous system KW - fertility KW - heredity KW - human KW - intelligence quotient KW - normal human KW - population genetics KW - psychological aspect KW - social aspect KW - theoretical study KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Comparative Studies KW - Data Analysis KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Differential Fertility KW - Economic Factors KW - Educational Status--men KW - Educational Status--women KW - Employment Status KW - England KW - Europe KW - Family And Household KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Size KW - Fertility KW - Husband-wife Comparisons KW - Macroeconomic Factors KW - Maternal Age KW - Northern Europe KW - Occupational Status--men KW - Parental Age KW - Paternal Age KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Population Dynamics KW - Research Methodology KW - Research Report KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Statistical Studies KW - Studies KW - United Kingdom KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Demography KW - Developed Countries KW - Economics KW - Educational Status KW - Employment KW - England KW - Europe KW - Family Characteristics KW - Fertility KW - Great Britain KW - Marriage KW - Maternal Age KW - Parents KW - Paternal Age KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Population Dynamics KW - Research KW - Social Class KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Statistics N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BISOE C2 - 12341025 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022919868&partnerID=40&md5=20ccc423ae9a5ecc93b537ae804fd67e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vision on childhood T2 - British Medical Bulletin J2 - Br. Med. Bull. VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 150 EP - 154 PY - 1986 SN - 00071420 (ISSN) AU - Peckham, C.S. AD - Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom AB - The prevalence and causes of severe visual defects are considered. The continuing occurence of retinopathy of prematurity is high-lighted and the importance of monitoring this condition stressed. Pre-school screening for visual problems is discussed and the importance of early detection emphasized. The prevalence of visual acuity defects in school age children is presented from data derived from the National British Birth Cohorts. © 1986 The British Council 1986. KW - blindness KW - diagnosis KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - methodology KW - priority journal KW - retinopathy KW - school child KW - screening KW - short survey KW - visual system KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Myopia KW - Retinopathy of Prematurity KW - Strabismus KW - Vision Disorders KW - Visual Acuity KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :21 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMBUA C2 - 3527326 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Peckham, C.S.; Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1984) OPCS Monitor; DHSS: Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects No. 129; Fine, S.R., Incidence of visual handicap in childhood (1979) Visual Handicap in Children. Spastics International Publications, pp. 36-41. , Smith V, Keen J, eds; Fraser, G.R., Friedman, A.I., (1967) The Causes of Blindness in Childhood, , Baltimore MD: The John Hopkins Press; Schappert-Kimmijser, J., Hansen, E., Haustrate-Gossett, M.F., Causes of severe visual impairment in children and their prevention (1975) Ochmenta Opthalmologica, 39, pp. 213-341; Terry, T.L., Extreme prematurity and fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath betina each crystaline lens. 1. Preliminary report (1942) Am J Ophthalmol, 25, p. 203; Campbell, P., Bull, M.J., Ellis, F.D., Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary newborn intensive care unit (1983) Arch Ophthalmol, 101, pp. 1687-1688; Phelps, D.L., Vision loss due to retinopathy of prematurity (1981) Lancet, 1, p. 606; Reisner, S.H., Amir, J., Shohat, M., Krikler, R., Nissenkom, I., Ben-Sira, I., Retinopathy of prematurity: Incidence and treatment (1985) Arch Dis Child, 60, pp. 698-701; Phelps, D.L., Retinopathy of prematurity: An estimate of vision loss in the Unite! States - 1979 (1981) Pediatrics, 67, pp. 924-926; Silverman, W.A., Retrolental fibroplasia: A modern parable (1980) Monographs in Neonatology, pp. 37-185. , Oliver TD, ed., New York: Grune & Stratton; Gunn, T.R., Easdown, J., Outerbridge, E.W., Risk factors in retrolental fibroplasia (1980) Pediatrics, 65, pp. 1096-1100; Vohr, B.R., Garcta-Coll, C.T., Increased morbidity in low birth weight survivors with severe retrolental fibroplasia (1985) J Pediatr, 106, pp. 287-291; Yu, V., Hookman, D.M., Nave, J., Retrolental Fibroplasia, -., Controlled study of four years’ experience in a neonatal intensive care unit (1982) Arch Dis Child, 57, pp. 247-252; Glass, P., Avery, G.B., Subramanian, K.N.S., Effect of bright light in the hospital nursery on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (1985) N Engl J Med, 313, pp. 401-404; McDonald, A., Cerebral palsy in children of very low birth weight (1963) Arch Dis Child, 38, p. 579; Alberman, E., Benson, J., Evans, S., Visual defects in children of low birthweight (1982) Arch Dis Child, 57, pp. 818-822; Alberman, E., Butler, N.R., Gardiner, P.A., Children with squints: A handicapped group? (1971) The Practitioner, 206, pp. 501-506; Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Squints and vision defects (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of A National Cohort Oxford: Pergamon; Ingram, R.M., A critical period in the development of squint and amblyopia (1979) Visual Handicap in Children, pp. 124-130. , Smith V, Keen J, eds., Spastics International Medical Publications, London; Odom, J.V., Green, M., Developmental physiological optics and visual acuity: A brief review (1984) Experientia, 40, pp. 1178-1181; Simpson, A., Kirkland, L., Silva, P.A., Vision and eye problems in seven year olds: A report from the Duneden multidisciplinary health and development research unit (1984) NZ Med J, 97, pp. 445-449; Catford, J.G., Alsolon, M.J., Millt, A., Squints - a sideways look (1984) Progress in Child Health, pp. 38-50. , MacFarlane JM, ed., Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Alberman, E.D., Butler, N.R., Sheridan, M.D., Visual acuity in a national sample (1958 cohort) at seven years (1971) Dev Med Child Neurol, 13, p. 14; (1975) Child Care, Health Dev, 1, pp. 93-106. , Peckham C, Adams B. Vision screening in a national sample of 11-year- old children; Peckham, C.S., Gardiner, P.A., Tibbenham, A., Vision screening of adolescents and their use of glasses (1979) Br Med J, 1, pp. 1111-1113; Tibbenham, A.D., Peckham, C.S., Gardiner, P.A., Vision screening in children tested at 7, 11 and 16 years (1978) Br Med J, 1, pp. 1312-1314; Stewart-Brown, S., Butler, N., Visual acuity in a national sample of 10 year old children (1985) J Epidemiol Community Health, 39, pp. 107-112; Gardiner, P.A., Peckham, C.S., Use of glasses by adolescents with good vision (1980) Br Med J, 281, p. 780; Stewart-Brown, S., Spectacle prescribing amongst ten-year-old children Br J Ophthalmol; Peckham, C.S., Gardiner, P.A., Goldstein, H., Acquired myopia in 11-year- old children (1977) Br Med J, 1, pp. 542-544; Douglas, J., Ross, J.M., Simpson, H.R., The ability and attainment of short-sighted pupils (1967) J Stat Soc, 130, pp. 479-493; Stewart-Brown, S., Haslum, M.N., Butler, N., Educational attainment of year-old children with treated and untreated visual defects (1985) Dev Med Child Neurol, 27, pp. 504-513 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022458185&partnerID=40&md5=91c1978a04e3b5cc57f429cd019c66d5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Congenital malformations of the central nervous system in a 1-year birth cohort followed to the age of 14 years T2 - Child's Nervous System J2 - Child's Nerv Syst VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 80 EP - 82 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1007/BF00286225 SN - 02567040 (ISSN) AU - von Wendt, L. AU - Rantakallio, P. AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, Oulu, SF-90220, Finland AD - Department of Public Health Science, University of Oulu, Aapistie 3, Oulu, SF-90220, Finland AB - A 1-year birth cohort from northern Finland comprised 12,058 children, 96% of all live-born infants born in the region in 1966. The development and morbidity of these children were followed up to the age of 14 years. Altogether, 40 children (25 boys and 15 girls) 3.32 per 1,000 suffered from congenital malformations of the central nervous system (CNS). Fourteen (1.16) had spina bifida cystica, 17 (1.41) hydrocephalus, and 9 (0.75) miscellaneous other malformations. Altogether, 14 children died during the follow-up period, giving a prevalence of 2.21 per 1,000 at 14 years. Additional neurological handicaps, mental retardation, cerebral palsy or epilepsy were present in 23 children, 13 of whom had multiple handicaps. Of these children 26% were able to attend an ordinary school in the class appropriate for their age. It is concluded that the incidences for CNS malformations obtained in this study are very much higher than those reported in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations, but correspond very well to the figures obtained in the British 1958 birth cohort, which was studied in an analogous way. © 1986 Springer-Verlag. KW - Additional handicaps KW - Birth cohort KW - CNS congenital malformations KW - Incidence KW - case report KW - central nervous system KW - cerebral palsy KW - child KW - congenital disorder KW - congenital malformation KW - diagnosis KW - epidemiology KW - epilepsy KW - finland KW - geographic distribution KW - handicapped child KW - human KW - hydrocephalus KW - mental deficiency KW - morbidity KW - nervous system KW - neural tube defect KW - Abnormalities, Multiple KW - Adolescent KW - Central Nervous System KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Disabled Persons KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Hydrocephalus KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Meningomyelocele PB - Springer-Verlag N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CNSYE C2 - 2942247 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: von Wendt, L.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, Oulu, SF-90220, Finland N1 - References: Cole, S., Evaluation of neonatal discharge record as a monitor of congenital malformations (1983) Community Med, 5, pp. 21-30; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven. The second report of the National Child Development study (1958 cohort), , Longman, London; Hakosalo, J., Cumulative detection rates of congenital malformations in a ten-year follow-up study (1973) Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand, 242, pp. 1-96; Jorde, L., Fineman, R., Martin, R., Epidemiology of neural tube defects in Utah, 1940–1979 (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 487-495; Knox, E., Artrong, E., Lancashire, R., The quality of notification of congenital malformations (1984) J Epidemiol Community Health, 38, pp. 296-305; Koch, M., Fuhrmann, W., Epidemiology of neural tube defects in Germany (1984) Hum Genet, 68, pp. 97-103; Lindy M (1982) Spina bifida cystica in Finland 1963–1972. Incidence and prognosis (in Finnish). Thesis, Helsinki; McIntosh, R., Merritt, K., Richards, M., Samuels, M., Bellows, M., The incidence of congenital malformations: a study of 5,964 pregnancies (1954) Pediatrics, 14, pp. 505-521; Rantakallio, P., Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality (1969) Acta Paediatr Scand, 193, pp. 1-71; Rantakallio, P., Mäkinen, H., Number of teeth at the age of one year in relation to maternal smoking (1984) Ann Hum Biol, 11, pp. 45-52; Rantakallio P, von Wendt L (1986) Mental retardation and subnormality in a birth cohort of 12,000 children in northern Finland. Am J Ment Defic (in press); Saxen, L., Twenty years of study of the etiology of congenital malformations in Finland (1983) Issues Rev Teratol, 1, pp. 73-109; Stein, S., Feldman, J., Apfel, S., Kohl, S., Casey, G., The epidemiology of congenital hydrocephalus. A study in Brooklyn, NY, 1968–1976 (1981) Child's Brain, 8, pp. 253-262; von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Saukkonen, A-L, Mäkinen, H., Epilepsy and associated handicaps in a one-year birth cohort of northern Finland (1985) Eur J Pediatr, 144, pp. 149-151; von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Saukkonen, A-L, Mäkinen, H., Cerebral palsy and additional handicaps in a one-year birth cohort from northern Finland — a prospective follow-up study (1985) Ann Clin Res, 17, pp. 156-161 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022571730&doi=10.1007%2fBF00286225&partnerID=40&md5=3c965dcc8b0d677d1ecef5243f2a3444 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of maternal postnatal depression on cognitive development of young children T2 - British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) J2 - Brit. Med. J. VL - 292 IS - 6529 SP - 1165 EP - 1167 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1136/bmj.292.6529.1165 SN - 02670623 (ISSN) AU - Cogill, S.R. AU - Caplan, H.L. AU - Alexandra, H. AD - Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, London WC1, United Kingdom AD - Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom AB - Ninety four women and their first born children took part in a longitudinal study of maternal mental health during pregnancy and after delivery. The children's cognitive functioning was assessed at age 4 using the McCarthy scales, without knowledge of the mothers’ psychiatric history or current health. As expected girls performed slightly better than boys and children from middle class and professional families did better than children from working class homes, as did children whose mothers had achieved at least one A level at school. Significant intellectual deficits were found in the children whose mothers had suffered with depression, but only when this depression occurred in the first year of the child's life. Marital conflict and a history of paternal psychiatric problems were independently linked with lower cognitive test scores; together with a working class home background these were the only factors that contributed to the deleterious effect of maternal postnatal depression. © 1986, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - adult KW - central nervous system KW - clinical article KW - cognitive development KW - human KW - priority journal KW - psychologic test KW - psychological aspect KW - puerperal depression KW - article KW - child development KW - child parent relation KW - cognition KW - depression KW - female KW - male KW - maternal behavior KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - puerperal disorder KW - sex difference KW - social class KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cognition KW - Depression KW - Female KW - Human KW - Male KW - Maternal Behavior KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Pregnancy KW - Puerperal Disorders KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :413 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3085767 LA - English N1 - References: Rutter, M., Quinton, D., Parental psychiatric disorder: effect on children (1984) Psychol Med, 14, pp. 853-880; Billing, A.G., Moos, R.H., Comparisons of children of depressed and non-depressed parents: a social-environmental perspective (1983) J Abnorm Child Psychol, 11, pp. 463-486; Rutter, M., Family and school influences on cognitive development (1985) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 26, pp. 683-704; Brown, G., Harris, T., (1978) Social ongins of depression, , London: Tavistock; Moss, P., Plewis, I., Mental distress in mothers of pre-school children in inner London (1977) Psychol Med, 7, pp. 641-652; Richman, N., Stevenson, J.E., Graham, P.J., Prevalence of behavioural problems in three year old children: an epidemiological study in a London borough (1975) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 17, pp. 75-78; Mills, M., Puckering, C., Pound, A., Cox, A.D., What is it about depressed mothers that influences their children’s functioning? In: Stevenson J, ed Recent research in developmental psychopathology, , Oxford: Pergamon (in press). (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry monograph, supplement 4.); Rutter, M., Cox, A., Tupling, C., Berger, M., Yule, W.L., Attainment and adjustment in two geographical areas (1975) Br J Psychiatry, 126, pp. 493-509. , I. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder; Rutter, M., Yule, B., Quinton, D., Rowlands, D., Yule, W., Berger, M., Attainment and adjustment in two geographical areas (1975) Br J Psychiatry, 126, pp. 520-533. , II. Some factors accounting for area differences; Cooper, S.F., Leach, C., Stover, D., Tonge, W.L., The children of psychiatric patients: clinical findings (1977) Br J Psychiatry, 131, pp. 514-522; Brockington, I.F., Kumar, R., (1982) Motherhood and mental illness, , London: Academic Press; Weissman, M.M., Paykel, E.S., Klerman, G.L., The depressed woman as a mother (1972) Soc Psychiatry, 7, pp. 98-108; Livingood, A.B., Daen, P., Smith, B., The depressed mother as a source of stimulation for her infant (1983) J Clin Psychol, 39, pp. 369-375; Herbert, M., Sluckin, W., Sluckin, A., Mother-to-infant “bonding (1982) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 23, pp. 205-221; Kumar, R., Robson, K.M., A prospective study of emotional disorders in childbearing women (1984) Br J Psychiatry, 144, pp. 35-147; Chess, S., Thomas, A., Birch, H.G., Hertzig, M., Implications of a longitudinal study of child development for child psychiatry (1960) Am J Psychiatry, 117, pp. 434-441; Rutter, M., Birch, H.G., Thomas, A., Chess, S., Temperamental characteristics in infancy and the later development of behavioural disorders (1964) Br J Psychiatry, 110, pp. 651-661; Uddenberg, N., Englesson, I., Prognosis of post partum mental disturbance (1978) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 58, pp. 201-212; Ghodsian, M., Zajicek, E., Wolkind, S., A longitudinal study of maternal depression and child behaviour problems (1984) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 25, pp. 91-109; Wrate, R.M., Rooney, A.C., Thomas, P.F., Cox, J.L., Postnatal depression and child development: a three year follow up study (1985) Br J Psychiatry, 146, pp. 622-627; McCarthy, D., (1972) Manual for the McCarthy scales of children's abilities, , New York: Psychological Corporation; Carey, W.B., McDevitt, S.C., Revision of the infant temperament questionnaire (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 735-739; Richman, N., Graham, P.J., A behavioural screening questionnaire for use with three year old children: preliminary findings (1971) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 12, pp. 5-33; Goldberg, D., Eastwood, M.R., Kedward, H.B., Shepherd, M., A standardised psychiatric interview for use in community surveys (1970) Br J Prev Soc Med, 24, pp. 18-23; Prechtl, H.F.R., Neurological sequelae of prenatal and perinatal complications (1967) Br Med J, 2, pp. 763-767; Davie, R., Butler, R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven: a report on the National Child Development Study, , London: Longman; Madge, N., Tizard, J., Intelligence. In: Rutter M, ed (1980) Scientific foundations of developmental psychiatry, pp. 245-265. , London: Heinemann; Pitt, B., Atypical depression following childbirth (1968) Br J Psychiatry, 114, pp. 1325-1335 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023040882&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.292.6529.1165&partnerID=40&md5=b1afb9d42be468589c5cabb27d4687d5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The value of the parental interview in a perinatal mortality survey T2 - The Indian Journal of Pediatrics J2 - Indian J Pediatr VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 339 EP - 345 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1007/BF02760411 SN - 00195456 (ISSN) AU - Thomas, J. AU - Collins, M. AU - Edwards, J. AU - Lloyd, M.I. AU - Bowen-Simpkins, P. AU - Forbes, W.R. AU - Evans, D.R. AU - Vernon-Roberts, M. AU - Jenkins, S.P. AU - Jones, E. AU - Stewart, G. AU - Davies, A. AD - District Perinatal Review Group, West Glamorgan Health Authority, 36 Orchard Street, Swansea, SA1 1PN, West Glamorgan, United Kingdom AB - Interviews with the parents of cases and controls included in the West Glamorgan Perinatal Mortality Survey (1981-83) provided detailed social data which were unobtainable in any other way with such accuracy. Analysis showed statistically significant differences with regard to the unemployment history of the mother's supporter, the nutritional value of the mother's diet, and a composite variable indicating social risk. Attendance at classes for antenatal instruction and mothercraft preparation was significantly different between all nullipara who were in the social risk group and those who were not. Heavy smoking throughout pregnancy was significantly associated with gestational age/birthweight. As well as providing data enabling hypotheses to be tested with regard to social factors and perinatal death, the opinions of parents expressed during interviews as to the care they had received were of value in the confidential inquiry process into health service care provided. The interviews also revealed the need for bereavement counselling. © 1986 Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation. KW - bereavement counselling KW - parental interviews KW - Perinatal mortality KW - smoking KW - social factors KW - adult KW - article KW - female KW - fetus death KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - interview KW - male KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - risk KW - socioeconomics KW - United Kingdom KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Interviews KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk KW - Socioeconomic Factors PB - Springer India N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJPEA C2 - 3759210 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Thomas, J.; District Perinatal Review Group, West Glamorgan Health Authority, 36 Orchard Street, Swansea, SA1 1PN, West Glamorgan, United Kingdom N1 - References: Thomas, J., Collins, M., Edwards, J., (1984) Report of the West Glamorgan perinatal mortality survey, , West Glamorgan health authority, Swansea; Perinatal and neonatal mortality. Second report from the House of Commons social service committee. HMSO; Gilligan M: Perinatal mortality enquiries at district level, in, Perinatal audit and surveillance. Chalmers I, McIlwaine G (Eds), London Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologist, 1980, p 148; Taylor, E.M., Emery, J.L., Family and community factors associated with infant deaths that might be preventable (1983) Br Med J, 287, p. 871; Rush, D., Cassano, P., Relationship of cigaretee smoking and social class to birth-weight and perinatal mortality among all births in Britain (1983) J Epidemiol Commity Health, 37, p. 249; Sexton, M., Hebel, J.R., A clinical trial of change in maternal smoking and its effect on birth-weight (1984) JAMA, 251, p. 911; Part III: Care of the mother and baby (post-natal and neonatal care) HMSO, 1985. Third report of the maternity services advisory committeeUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022712139&doi=10.1007%2fBF02760411&partnerID=40&md5=df62b7114ce07b15623e5e169c89b54b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in cancer incidence in the Nordic countries. A collaborative study of the five Nordic Cancer Registries T2 - Acta Pathologica Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica - Section A Pathology J2 - ACTA PATHOL. MICROBIOL. IMMUNOL. SCAND. SECT. A PATHOL. VL - 94 IS - SUPPL. 288 PY - 1986 SN - 01080164 (ISSN) AU - Hakulinen, T. AU - Andersen AA. AU - Malker, B. AD - Danish Cancer Society, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark AB - Time trends and differentials in cancer incidence in the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, were investigated, using material collected by the cancer registries in each country. The incidence at all sites combined and at 23 anatomical sites was studied by age, birth cohort and time period. The maximum lengths of the trends were used for each country. In Denmark the material comprised all the tumours diagnosed in 1943-1980, in Finland and Norway those diagnosed in 1953-1980, in Iceland those diagnosed in 1955-1980, and in Sweden those diagnosed in 1958-1980. For males the age-adjusted cancer incidence rates at all sites combined were highest in Denmark and Finland, and lowest in Sweden and Norway. In females the incidence was highest in Denmark and Iceland, and lowest in Finland. The rates increased slightly for both sexes. For cancer of the pancreas, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukaemia and childhood cancer (all sites combined) the rates in all the Nordic countries were similar every year. For cancers of the stomach, colon, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, prostate, testis, urinary bladder, melanoma of the skin and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the trends were similar but on different levels. For cancers of the larynx and lung in males the rates in Finland decreased during the 1970s, whereas the rates were increasing in the other Nordic countries. For cancer of the rectum, the trend showed a decrease in Denmark but an increase in the other Nordic countries. For lip cancer the rate in Sweden was almost constant over time, but in Denmark, Finland and Norway a decrease occurred. For oesophageal cancer in males the rates decreased in Finland and Iceland in the 1970s, whereas in Denmark and Norway there was very little change, and in Sweden there was an increase in the rates. For cancer of the cervix uteri the rates started to decrease in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden in the mid-1960s, but in Norway not until some ten years later. The differentials between the countries were largest for cancers of the testis and thyroid, in which the highest incidence was five to six times as large as the lowest. For testicular cancer the rate was the highest in Denmark, for thyroid cancer in Iceland. For both of these cancers the rate was the lowest in Finland. Melanoma of the skin was the cancer with the most rapid increase in incidence with time in all the Nordic countries. From the early 1960s to the late 1970s the incidence doubled or trebled in all the Nordic countries. The analysis of cancer trends serves many purposes. Monitoring the incidence of cancer is important from a public health point of view. Increasing trends indicate that the cancers concerned are becoming larger public health problems, e.g. cancer of the breast and melanoma of the skin. Decreasing trends may indicate the success of a cancer prevention method. The decreasing trends for laryngeal and lung cancer in Finland in the 1970s may reflect measures taken against smoking. Mass-screenings aimed at the early detection of precancerous lesions have decreased the incidence of cancer of the cervix uteri in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden. Changes over time and differences between countries in the incidence may reflect trends and differentials in the aetiological patterns. A detailed evaluation of these may lead to new aetiological hypotheses. Cancer incidence trends are valuable as background information for scientific studies and administrative purposes, and indispensable for making predictions of cancer incidence. Every attempt was made in the current study to make the materials from the different countries truly comparable. Nevertheless, there may be some changes or differences in diagnostic methods or criteria that cause trends or differentials in the cancer incidence between countries. There are, for example, increasing trends and differences between the countries in the incidence of prostatic cancer. They are probably due to a great extent to improvement in diagnostic methods and to the registration of incidental findings at autopsy, which may differ in different areas. The increase in the incidence of bladder cancer is likely to be, at least partly, due to changes KW - bladder KW - blood and hemopoietic system KW - breast KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer statistics KW - denmark KW - digestive system KW - endocrine system KW - esophagus KW - female genital system KW - finland KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - iceland KW - kidney KW - large intestine KW - larynx KW - male genital system KW - medical care KW - mouth KW - norway KW - organization and management KW - pancreas KW - pharynx KW - respiratory system KW - sex difference KW - stomach KW - sweden N1 - Cited By :57 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACPAD LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022527565&partnerID=40&md5=94fe7a8e96cfe06b2f78184154983886 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in cancer incidence in the Nordic countries. A collaborative study of the five Nordic Cancer Registries. T2 - Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Supplement J2 - Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand Suppl VL - 288 SP - 1 EP - 151 PY - 1986 SN - 01080172 (ISSN) AU - Hakulinen, T. AU - Andersen, A. AU - Malker, B. AU - Pukkala, E. AU - Schou, G. AU - Tulinius, H. AB - Time trends and differentials in cancer incidence in the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, were investigated, using material collected by the cancer registries in each country. The incidence at all sites combined and at 23 anatomical sites was studied by age, birth cohort and time period. The maximum lengths of the trends were used for each country. In Denmark the material comprised all the tumours diagnosed in 1943-1980, in Finland and Norway those diagnosed in 1953-1980, in Iceland those diagnosed in 1955-1980, and in Sweden those diagnosed in 1958-1980. For males the age-adjusted cancer incidence rates at all sites combined were highest in Denmark and Finland, and lowest in Sweden and Norway. In females the incidence was highest in Denmark and Iceland, and lowest in Finland. The rates increased slightly for both sexes. For cancer of the pancreas, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukaemia and childhood cancer (all sites combined) the rates in all the Nordic countries were similar every year. For cancers of the stomach, colon, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, prostate, testis, urinary bladder, melanoma of the skin and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the trends were similar but on different levels. For cancers of the larynx and lung in males the rates in Finland decreased during the 1970s, whereas the rates were increasing in the other Nordic countries. For cancer of the rectum, the trend showed a decrease in Denmark but an increase in the other Nordic countries. For lip cancer the rate in Sweden was almost constant over time, but in Denmark, Finland and Norway a decrease occurred. For oesophageal cancer in males the rates decreased in Finland and Iceland in the 1970s, whereas in Denmark and Norway there was very little change, and in Sweden there was an increase in the rates. For cancer of the cervix uteri the rates started to decrease in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden in the mid-1960s, but in Norway not until some ten years later. The differentials between the countries were largest for cancers of the testis and thyroid, in which the highest incidence was five to six times as large as the lowest. For testicular cancer the rate was the highest in Denmark, for thyroid cancer in Iceland. For both of these cancers the rate was the lowest in Finland. Melanoma of the skin was the cancer with the most rapid increase in incidence with time in all the Nordic countries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - aged KW - article KW - child KW - classification KW - female KW - human KW - Iceland KW - infant KW - male KW - neoplasm KW - newborn KW - preschool child KW - Scandinavia KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Human KW - Iceland KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Neoplasms KW - Scandinavia N1 - Cited By :72 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3465196 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hakulinen, T. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022505333&partnerID=40&md5=1c22e777cb08c5f522b2151c094cf241 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recalled age of menarche in britain T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 253 EP - 257 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1080/03014468600008421 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AU - Boldsen, J.L. AD - Department of Physical Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - Department of Theoretical Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, University of Aarhus, Denmark AD - Institute of Community Health, Department of Social Medicine, University of Odense, Denmark AB - The purpose of this study was to determine recalled age at menarche from the National Child Development Survey of all children born in Britain in one week of 1958. All subjects were questioned at the same age (16 years); mean age at menarche was estimated as 13·3 ± 0·02 years. The data deviate significantly from normality. Marked regional variation occurred but very little social class differentiation was apparent. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - adolescent KW - age KW - analysis of variance KW - article KW - female KW - human KW - menarche KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Menarche KW - Social Class PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 3752916 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N.; Department of Physical Anthropology, University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Bergsten-Brucefors, A., A note on the accuracy of recalled age at menarche (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, pp. 71-73; Boldsen, J.L., Kronborg, D., The distribution of stature among Danish conscripts (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 11, pp. 555-565; Boldsen, J.L., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Non-normality for height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Human Biology, , (in the press); Brundtland, G.H., Walloe, L., Menarche age in Norway: Halt in trend towards earlier maturation (1973) Nature, 241, pp. 478-479; Culley, W.J., Age and body size of mentally retarded girls at menarche (1974) Developmental and Medical Child Neurology, 16, pp. 209-213; Damon, A., Bajema, C.J., Age at menarche: accuracy of recall after 39 years (1974) Human Biology, 46, pp. 381-384; Damon, A., Damon, S.T., Reed, R.B., Valadian, I., Age at menarche of mothers and daughters with a note on accuracy of recall (1969) Human Biology, 41, pp. 161-175; Dann, T.C., Roberts, D.F., End of a trend? A 12-year study of age at menarche (1973) British Medical Journal, 3, pp. 265-267; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman London; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., (1976) World-wide Variation in Human Growth, , Cambridge University Press Cambridge; Frisch, R.E., Body fat, puberty and fertility (1984) Biological Reviews, 59, pp. 161-188; Harper, J., Collins, J.K., The secular trend in the age at menarche in Australian school girls (1972) Australian Journal of Paediatrics, 8, pp. 44-48; Malina, R.M., Harper, A.B., Avent, H.H., Donald, D.E., Age at menarche in athletes and nonathletes (1973) Medicine and Science in Sports, 5, pp. 11-13; Maresh, M.M., A forty-five year investigation for secular changes in physical maturation (1972) American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 36, pp. 103-110; Roberts, D.F., Rozner, L.M., Swan, A.V., Age at menarche, physique and environment in industrial North East England (1971) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavia, 60, pp. 158-164; Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, , Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford; Tanner, J.M., Trend towards earlier menarche in London, Oslo, Copenhagen, the Netherlands and Hungary (1973) Nature, 243, pp. 95-96; Tanner, J.M., (1978) Foetus into Man, , Open Books London; Tonz, O., Trost, P., Juvenile hypothyreose und menstruatio praecox bei Trisomie 21 (1974) Klinica Padiatrica, 184, pp. 543-549; Zacharias, L., Wurtman, R.J., Age at menarche. Genetic and environmental influences (1969) New England Journal of Medicine, 280, pp. 868-875 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022713126&doi=10.1080%2f03014468600008421&partnerID=40&md5=9e36e5ed3e0f49fd160a8f7769339fb7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is There a Link Between Handedness and Hypersensitivity? T2 - Cortex J2 - Cortex VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 289 EP - 296 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1016/S0010-9452(86)80053-3 SN - 00109452 (ISSN) AU - Bishop, D.V.M. AD - University of Manchester, United Kingdom AB - Data from the National Child Development Study were analysed to test the hypothesis of a link between left-handedness and certain immune diseases. Allergies, eczema, psoriasis, and asthma showed no association with handedness in this sample. © 1986, Masson Italia Periodici s.r.l. Milano. All rights reserved. KW - atopy KW - autoimmunity KW - cardiovascular system KW - central nervous system KW - diagnosis KW - epidemiology KW - etiology KW - handedness KW - human KW - immunopathology KW - migraine KW - priority journal KW - psoriasis KW - respiratory system KW - United Kingdom N1 - Cited By :31 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3731799 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bishop, D.V.M.; University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Annett, M., The growth of manual preference and speed (1970) British Journal of Psychology, 61, pp. 545-558; Bishop, D.V.M., How sinister is sinistrality? (1983) Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 17, pp. 161-172; Bishop, D.V.M., Using non-preferred hand skill to investigate pathological left-handedness in an unselected population (1984) Development al Medicine and Child Neurology, 26, pp. 214-226; Dahl, M.V., (1981) Clinical Immunodermatology, , Year Book Medical Publishers Inc., Chicago and London; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1970) From Birth to Seven, , Longman, London; Egger, J., Wilson J., Carter, C.M., Turner, M.W., Soothill, J.F. Is migraine food allergy? Lancet, 2: 865-868; Fogelman, K., (1984) Growing Up in Great Britain, , Macmillan, London; Geschwind, N., Behan, P., Left-handedness: association with immune disease, migraine and developmental learning disorder (1982) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 79, pp. 5097-5100; Geschwind, N., Behan, P., Hormones, handedness, and immunity (letter) (1984) Immunology Today, 5, pp. 190-191; Geschwind, N., Behan, P.O., Laterality, hormones and immunity (1984) Cerebral Dominance, the Biological Foundations, , N. Geschwind, A.M. Galaburda, Cambridge, Mass., and London, England, Harvard University Press; Pringle, M.L., Butler, N.R., Davie, R., (1966) 11,000 Seven-year-olds, , Longman, London; Wofsy, D., Hormones, handedness, and autoimmunity (1984) Immunology Today, 5, pp. 169-170 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022538659&doi=10.1016%2fS0010-9452%2886%2980053-3&partnerID=40&md5=06db033b1314e301682a6c5a52e6ac54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A survey of the prevalence and treatment of asthma and hayfever in a small town in East Sussex T2 - Public Health J2 - Public Health VL - 100 IS - 4 SP - 205 EP - 207 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1016/S0033-3506(86)80067-1 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) AU - Leff, S. AD - Eastbourne District Health Authority, E. Sussex, United Kingdom AB - Concern had been expressed by teachers and parents about a seemingly high incidence of asthma and hayfever amongst school children, and about the numbers of children using inhaled antispasmodics during the school day in Seaford. A twelve month survey was undertaken which showed an incidence reflecting the findings of the National Child Development Study (NCDS). It is suggested that the effectiveness of inhaled antispasmodics has resulted in more asthmatic children being educated in ordinary schools rather than in those for the physically delicate. The tendency for asthma to abate during childhood and the diminishing need for regular antispasmodics was demonstrated. An increase in allergic rhinitis at puberty was noted. © 1986 The Society of Community Medicine. KW - allergen KW - beclometasone dipropionate KW - chlorpheniramine maleate KW - flunisolide KW - spasmolytic agent KW - terfenadine KW - allergic rhinitis KW - asthma KW - clinical article KW - drug administration KW - drug efficacy KW - drug therapy KW - geographic distribution KW - hay fever KW - human KW - inhalational drug administration KW - olfactory system KW - prevalence KW - respiratory system KW - therapy KW - united kingdom KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Adolescent KW - Asthma KW - Child KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Hay Fever KW - Human KW - Male KW - Parasympatholytics N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: PUHEA C2 - 3774949 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Leff, S.; Eastbourne District Health Authority, E. Sussex, United Kingdom N1 - Chemicals/CAS: beclometasone dipropionate, 5534-09-8; chlorpheniramine maleate, 113-92-8; flunisolide, 3385-03-3; terfenadine, 50679-08-8; Parasympatholytics N1 - Tradenames: beconase; piriton; syntaris; triludan N1 - References: Davie, Butler, Goldstein, (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman, London; Fogelman, (1976) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, , NCB Publication, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022493542&doi=10.1016%2fS0033-3506%2886%2980067-1&partnerID=40&md5=8cd7d1c17f9d7677022aafde6b8e32c2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparisons of data from regional perinatal mortality surveys T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 1224 EP - 1232 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07855.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - MACFARLANE, A. AU - COLE, S. AU - HEY, E. AD - Editorial Office, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 27 Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RG, United Kingdom AB - Summary. The standard format in which NHS regions are invited to submit data from their perinatal mortality surveys for comparative analysis in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology is described. Some examples of the way these data can and will be used to compare regional differences in mortality patterns are given and possible future developments are discussed. Although the term perinatal mortality is used in the title, it is hoped that surveys will cover stillbirths and neonatal deaths and also, where possible, late fetal deaths of less than 28 weeks gestation. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - classification KW - etiology KW - fatality KW - female genital system KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - human KW - newborn KW - newborn death KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - stillbirth KW - theoretical study KW - united kingdom KW - Birth Weight KW - Comparative Study KW - Data Collection KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Gestational Age KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3643047 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: MACFARLANE, A.; Editorial Office, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 27 Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RG, United Kingdom N1 - References: Chalmers, I., (1984) Enquiry into Perinatal Death. A Report on National Perinatal Surveillance prepared for the Department of Health and Social Security, , National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford; Chalmers, I., Commentary. Enquiry into perinatal death (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 545-549; Chiswick, M., Commentary on current World Health Organization definitions used in perinatal statistics (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1236-1238; Cole, S., Scottish maternity and neonatal records (1980) Perinatal Audit and Surveillance, , Chalmers, I, McIlwaine, G., eds, RCOG, London; Cole, S.K., Hey, E.N., Thomson, A.M., Classifying perinatal death: an obstetric approach (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1204-1212; Duley, L.M.M., A validation of underlying cause of death as recorded by clinicians on stillbirth and neonatal death certificates (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1233-1235; Edouard, L., Validation of the registered underlying causes of stillbirth (1982) J Epidemiol Community Health, 36, pp. 231-234; Gedalla, B., Alderson, M.R., Pilot study of revised stillbirth and neonatal death certificates (1984) Arch Dis Child, 59, pp. 976-982; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; (1986), Scottish Stillbirth and Neonatal Death Report 1985. Information Services Division, Edinburgh; Mutch, L., (1986) Archive of Locally Based Perinatal Surveys, , National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford; (1986) Birthweight Statistics 1985, , OPCS Monitor DH3 86/2., OPCS, London; (1986) Mortality Statistics 1984, Perinatal and Infant: Social and Biological Factors, , Series DH3, No 17., HMSO, London; Scott, M.J., Ritchie, J.W.K., McClure, B.G., Reid, Halliday, H.L., Perinatal death recording; a time for a change (1981) Br Med J, 282, pp. 707-710; Wilkinson, A.R., Howat, P., One kilogram babies (1980) Lancet, 1, p. 655 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022978006&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1986.tb07855.x&partnerID=40&md5=b609f9dda0777dff7ffe35d550ca7b2c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obesity in 16-year-olds assessed by relative weight and doctors' rating T2 - International Journal of Obesity J2 - INT. J. OBES. VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 10 PY - 1986 SN - 03070565 (ISSN) AU - Moynihan, C.M. AU - Stark, O. AU - Peckham, C.S. AD - Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, United Kingdom AB - Weights and heights at age 16 of 5,652 boys and 5,280 girls from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) were measured. At this examination, school medical officers rated the boys and girls into one of the following categories: grossly obese, moderately obese, normal, thin or very thin. A comparison is made between doctors' rating and assessment of obesity by relative weight (RW). Obesity was defined as RW greater than 120. Overall 803 (15.2%) girls were rated obese by doctors compared with 469 (8.9%) identified by RW. Only 414 (7.8%) girls were considered obese by both methods. In boys the difference between the two methods was less marked. There were 362 (6.4%) boys rated as obese by doctors, 404 (7.2%) by relative weight and 262 (4.6%) by both methods. The discrepancies demonstrate that one method of assessment cannot replace another. Doctors' rated considerably more girls than boys as obese. Although at this age girls were heavier than boys for a given height, the doctors' rating may also reflect the different attitudes towards obesity in men and women which are prevalent in our society. Without comparison with a more accurate measure of adiposity it is not possible to reach a definite conclusion as to whether clinical assessment, relative weight, or indeed both methods combined are the most suitable for identifying obese adolescents. KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - diagnosis KW - human KW - methodology KW - normal value KW - obesity KW - priority journal KW - short survey KW - Adolescent KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Obesity N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJOBD C2 - 3710687 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022655088&partnerID=40&md5=d45c5519029524d5072d8899f85e7cfd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Classifying perinatal death: fetal and neonatal factors T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 1213 EP - 1223 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07854.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - HEY, E.N. AU - LLOYD, D.J. AU - WIGGLESWORTH, J.S. AD - Editorial Office, 27 Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RG, United Kingdom AB - Summary. It has been common practice in the United Kingdom for more than 30 years to classify perinatal deaths according to the maternal condition that initiated the events that led to death. However, such an approach tends to ignore the baby as an individual in his or her own right. The need for an additional classification that identifies the pathological processes occurring in the baby in every perinatal death has long been recognized, and the classification adopted in the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey has now been revised with this need in mind. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - classification KW - clinical article KW - diagnosis KW - etiology KW - fatality KW - female genital system KW - fetus KW - fetus death KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - review KW - stillbirth KW - therapy KW - united kingdom KW - Abnormalities KW - Female KW - Fetal Anoxia KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Labor Complications KW - Pregnancy KW - Software Design N1 - Cited By :139 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3801351 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: HEY, E.N.; Editorial Office, 27 Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RG, United Kingdom N1 - References: Baird, D., Thomson, A.M., The survey perinatal deaths reclassified by special clinico‐pathological assessment (1969) Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, pp. 200-210. , Butler, N. R., Alberman, E. D., eds, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp; Bound, J.P., Butler, N.R., Spector, W.G., Classification and causes of perinatal mortality (1956) Br Med J, 2, pp. 1191-1196. , 1260, 1265; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality. The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, pp. 186-227. , E. & S. Livingstone, London, pp; Cole, S.K., Hey, E.N., Thomson, A.M., Classifying perinatal death: an obstetric approach (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaec, 93, pp. 1204-1212; Fairweather, D.V.I., Russell, J.K., Anderson, G.S., Bird, T., Millar, D.G., Pearcy, P.A.M., Perinatal mortality in Newcastle upon Tyne 1960–62 (1966) Lancet, 1, pp. 140-142; Golding, J., The frequency of perinatal postmortems in Britain in 1980 (1982) Fetal and Neonatal Pathology, pp. 167-170. , Barson, A. J., ed, Praeger, Eastbourne, pp; (1982) Monitoring and Reporting Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity, , The Chameleon Press Ltd, London; Wigglesworth, J.S., Monitoring perinatal mortality‐a pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022974718&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1986.tb07854.x&partnerID=40&md5=0224ab0009482d7ccb232d66fae88036 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Classifying perinatal death: an obstetric approach T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 1204 EP - 1212 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07853.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - COLE, S.K. AU - HEY, E.N. AU - THOMSON, A.M. AD - Editorial Office, 27 Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RG, United Kingdom AB - Summary. Consultation between the clinicians and epidemiologists responsible for the Perinatal Mortality Surveys in Scotland and in the Northern Regional Health Authority in England showed that the classification of perinatal death introduced more than 30 years ago by Sir Dugald Baird still retained its utility, but that unintentional differences in the way cases were being classified had threatened the validity of temporal or geographical comparisons. To overcome this problem an effort has now been made to define the main terms used in this classification more precisely. To preserve continuity, the main structure of the original groupings has been retained; but the opportunity has been taken to adjust certain minor groups in conformity with recent ideas, and also to modify definitions to take into account the greatly improved prognosis for babies of very low birthweight. Otherwise, it is thought that subclassification of the main groups offers a better method of exploring new hypotheses than any radical alteration of the main groups themselves. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - baby KW - classification KW - diagnosis KW - etiology KW - female genital system KW - fetus KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - prevention KW - priority journal KW - prognosis KW - united kingdom KW - Case Report KW - Data Collection KW - England KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy KW - Scotland N1 - Cited By :119 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3801350 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: COLE, S.K.; Editorial Office, 27 Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RG, United Kingdom N1 - References: Baird, D., Wyper, J.F.B., High stillbirth and neonatal mortalities (1941) Lancet, 2, pp. 657-659; Baird, D., Thomson, A.M., The survey perinatal deaths re‐classified by special clinico‐pathological assessment (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, pp. 200-210. , Butler, N. R., Alberman, E. D., eds, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp; Baird, D., Walker, J., Thomson, A.M., The causes and prevention of stillbirths and first week deaths (1954) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 61, pp. 433-448; Bound, J.P., Butler, N.R., Spector, W.G., Classification and causes of perinatal mortality (1956) Br Med J, 2, pp. 1191-1196; (1981) International Classification of Diseases. Ninth Edition with FIGO definitions, , Scottish Health Service Common Services Agency, Edinburgh; Hey, E.N., Lloyd, D.J., Wigglesworth, J.S., Classifying perinatal death: fetal and neonatal factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 1213-1223; McIline, G.M., Dunn, F.H., Howat, R.C., Smalls, M., Wylle, M.M., Macnaughton, M.C., A routine system for monitoring perinatal deaths in Scotland (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 9-13; Perinatal mortality: a continuing collaborative regional survey (1984) Br Med J, 288, pp. 1717-1720; (1985) Report on Fetal Viability and Clinical Practice by a representative committee comprising: RCOG, BPA, RCGP, RCM, BMA, DHSS, , (Chairman R. W. Beard), RCOG, London; (1977) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. Ninth Revision, , World Health Organization, Geneva; Whitfield, C.R., Smith, N.C., Cockburn, F., Gibson, A.A.M., Perinatally related wastage—a proposed classification of primary obstetric factors (1986) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, pp. 694-703; Wigglesworth, J.S., Monitoring perinatal mortality‐a pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022972449&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1986.tb07853.x&partnerID=40&md5=5d252f207feaee88d528ceabdebab1fd ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of the large scale longitudinal design in studies of child development T2 - Early Child Development and Care J2 - Early Child Dev. Care VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 291 EP - 304 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1080/0300443860250403 SN - 03004430 (ISSN) AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Medical Research Council, National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 2PR, United States N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Wadsworth, M.E.J.; Medical Research Council, National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 2PR, United States N1 - References: Atkins, E., Cherry, N., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth cohort: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development. In Mednick, S.A., and Baert, A.E. (eds) (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research: An Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, , Oxford University Press; Bowlby, J., Attachment and Love (1975), London, Pelican; Brim, O.G., Kagan, J., Constancy and Change in Human Development (1980), Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., Social Origins of Depression (1978), London, Tavistock Publications; Cherry, N., Rodgers, B., (1979), 9, pp. 31-47. , Using a longitudinal study to assess the quality of retrospective data. In Moss, L. and Goldstein, H. (eds). The Recall Method in Social Surveys. University of London Studies in Education; Douglas, J.W.B., Early disturbing events and later enuresis (1973), Kolvin, I., MacKeith, R.C. and Meadow, S.R. (eds). Bladder Control and Enuresis, 109—117. London, Spastics International Medical Publishers; Fogelman, K., Growing Up in Great Britain (1983), London, Macmillan; Fogelman, K., Wedge, P., The National Child Development Study (1981) Mednick, S.A. and Baert, A.E. (eds). Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe; Maternity in Great Britain (1948), Oxford University Press; McCord, W., McCord, J., The Psychopath (1964), Princeton, Van Nostrand; Morris, T.P., Social causes of deviant behaviour (1984) Gerhardt, U. and Wadsworth, M.E.D. (eds). Stress and Stigma, , London, Macmillan; Osborn, A.R., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., The Social Life of Britain's Five-Year-Olds (1984), London, Routledge and Kegan Paul; Rutter, M., Maternal Deprivation Re-Assessed (1972), London, Penguin; Schalling, D., Liberg, L., Levander, S.E., Dahlin, Y., Spontaneous autonomic activity as related to psychopathy (1973) Biological Psychology, 1, pp. 83-97; Tong, J.E., Murphy, I.C., A review of stress reactivity research in relation to psychopathology and psychopathic behaviour disorders (1960) Journal of Mental Science, 106, pp. 1273-1295; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Delinquency, pulse rates and early emotional deprivation (1976) British Journal of Criminology, 16, pp. 245-256; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Roots of Delinquency: Infancy, Adolescence and Crime (1979), Oxford, Martin Robertson; New York, Barnes and Noble; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Social class and generation differences in preschool education (1981) British Journal of Sociology, 32, pp. 560-582; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Parenting skills and their transmission through generations (1985) Adoption and Fostering, 9 (28), p. 32.; Wadsworth, M.E.J., (in press) Cross-generation effects and the development of children. In Light, P. and Richards, M.P.M. (eds). Childhood and the Social World. Oxford, Polity Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Maclean, M., (forthcoming) Parents' divorce and children's life chances; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Peckham, C.S., Taylor, B., The role of national longitudinal studies in the prediction of health, development and behaviour. In Walker, D.B. and Richmond, J.B. (eds) (1984) Monitoring the Health of American Children, , Harvard University Press; Wallerstein, J.S., Kelly, J.B., Surviving the Break-Up (1980), London, Grant McIntyreUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0343293978&doi=10.1080%2f0300443860250403&partnerID=40&md5=742829a771463c883d8071c37211bd9b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Small-for-gestational age births in successive pregnancy outcomes: results from a longitudinal study of births in Norway T2 - Early Human Development J2 - Early Hum. Dev. VL - 14 IS - 3-4 SP - 187 EP - 200 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1016/0378-3782(86)90180-5 SN - 03783782 (ISSN) AU - Bakketeig, L.S. AU - Bjerkedal, T. AU - Hoffman, H.J. AD - Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, University of Trondheim, 7000 Trondheim, Norway AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 3, Norway AD - Biometry Branch, Epidemiology and Biometry Research Program, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States AB - In this population-based study, a strong tendency to repeat small- for-gestational age (SGA) deliveries in successive births has been documented. Mothers who showed this tendency ('repeater mothers') differed from mothers who had only one SGA delivery in their first three single births. In the group of mothers with only one SGA birth, there was an association between the SGA birth and such pregnancy complications as preeclampsia, vaginal bleeding, and placental pathologies. No similar association with medical complications during pregnancy was found for the repeater mothers. Instead, these mothers were characterized by lower educational attainment and lower socio-economic status based on husbands' occupational groupings. Thus, the tendency to repeat SGA birth appears to be mediated in part through more adverse living conditions and lifestyle habits. © 1986. KW - fetal growth KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - perinatal morbidity KW - perinatal mortality KW - small-for-gestational age KW - adult KW - case report KW - child KW - diagnosis KW - economic aspect KW - education KW - fetus KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - low birth weight KW - norway KW - occupation KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - Abnormalities KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Fetal Growth Retardation KW - Health Status KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Marriage KW - Maternal Age KW - Norway KW - Occupations KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. N1 - Cited By :44 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EHDED C2 - 3803265 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bakketeig, L.S.; Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, University of Trondheim, 7000 Trondheim, Norway N1 - References: Adelstein, Fedrick, Antenatal identification of women at increased risk of being delivered of a low birthweight infant at term (1978) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 85, pp. 8-11; Anderson, Blidner, McClemont, Sinclair, Determinants of size at birth in a Canadian population (1984) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 150, pp. 236-244; Baird, Changing problems are priorities in obstetrics (1985) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 92, pp. 115-121; Bakketeig, Hoffman, Harley, The tendency to repeat gestational age and birth weight in successive births (1979) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 135, pp. 1086-1103; Bakketeig, Hoffman, Perinatal mortality by birth order within cohorts based on sibship size (1979) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 693-696; Bakketeig, Hoffman, Interpreting survey data (1980) Perinatal Audit and Surveillance, pp. 249-262. , I. Chalmers, G. McIlwaine, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London; Bakketeig, Hoffman, The epidemiology of preterm birth: Results from a longitudinal study of births in Norway (1981) Preterm Labor, pp. 17-46. , M.G. Elder, C.H. Hendricks, Butterworths International Medical Reviews, London; Bakketeig, Hoffman, The tendency to repeat gestational age and birth weight in successive births related to perinatal survival (1983) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 62, pp. 385-392; Bjerkedal, Bakketeig, (1975) Medical Registration of Births in Norway during the 5-year Period, 1967–1971, , University of Bergen, Bergen; Bjerkedal, (1980) Occupation and Outcome of Pregnancy, , Central Bureau of Statistics of Norway (80/9), Oslo; Bjerkedal, Skjaerven, Percentiles of birth weight and crown-heel length in relation to gestation period for single live births (1980) Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen., 100, pp. 1088-1091; Bjerkedal, The medical birth registry of Norway (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research: An Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 58-60. , S.A. Mednick, A.E. Baert, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (WHO Regional Office for Europe.); Carr-Hill, Samphier, Birth weight and reproductive careers (1983) J. Biosoc. Sci., 15, pp. 453-464; Carr-Hill, Hall, The repetition of spontaneous preterm labour (1985) Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 92, pp. 921-928; Creasy, Resnik, Intrauterine fetal growth retardation (1981) Advances in Perinatal Medicine, 1. , A. Milunsky, E.A. Friedman, L. Gluck, Plenum Medical Book Company, New York; Davie, Butler, Goldstein, (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longmar, London; Davies, Growth of ‘small-for-dates’ babies (1981) Early Hum. Dev., 5, pp. 95-105; Dubowitz, The infant of inappropriate size (1974) Size at Birth, Ciba Foundation Symposium, pp. 47-64. , K. Elliott, J. Knight, Elsevier/Excerpta Medica/North Holland, Amsterdam, 27 (new series); Goldenberg, Nelson, Koski, Cutter, Low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery (1985) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 152, pp. 980-984; Hackman, Emanuel, van Belle, Daling, Maternal birth weight and subsequent pregnancy outcome (1983) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 250, pp. 2016-2019; Hoffman, Meirik, Bakketeig, Methodological considerations in the analysis of perinatal mortality rates (1984) Perinatal Epidemiology, pp. 491-530. , M.B. Bracken, Oxford University Press, New York; Hoffman, Bakketeig, Heterogeneity of intrauterine growth retardation and recurrence risks (1984) Semin. Perinatol., 8, pp. 15-24; Hoffman, Bakketeig, Risk factors associated with the occurrence of preterm birth (1984) Preterm Delivery, 27, pp. 539-552. , I.R. Merkatz, Clin. Obstet. Gynecol., Lippincott, Philadelphia; Kaltreider, Johnson, Patients at high risk for low-birth-weight delivery (1976) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 124, pp. 251-255; Kirkinen, Jouppila, Herva, Intra-uterine growth and fatal fetal abnormality (1983) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 62, pp. 43-47; Klebanoff, Graubard, Kessel, Berendes, Low birth weight across generations (1984) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 252, pp. 2423-2427; Kleinman, Madans, The effects of maternal smoking, physical stature, and educational attainment on the incidence of low birth weight (1985) Am. J. Epidemiol., 121, pp. 843-855; Lunde, Lundeborg, Lettenstrom, Thygesen, Huebner, The Person Number Systems of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Israel (1980) Vital and Health Statistics, p. 59. , DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 80-1358, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, Series 2, No. 84; Magnus, Berg, Bjerkedal, Nance, Parental determinants of birth weight (1984) Clin. Genet., 36, pp. 397-405; McIlwaine, Howat, Dunn, Macnaughton, The Scottish perinatal mortality survey (1979) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 1103-1106; Miller, Merrit, (1979) Fetal Growth in Humans, , Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago; Miller, Intrauterine growth retardation -An unmet challenge (1981) Abraham Jacobi Lecture. Am. J. Dis. Child., 135, pp. 944-948; Ounsted, Ounsted, On Fetal Growth Rate, Its Variations and their Consequences (1973) Clinics in Developmental Medicine, , S.I.M.P. Heineman, London, No. 46; Ounsted, Moar, Scott, Perinatal morbidity and mortality in small-for-dates babies: The relative importance of some maternal factors (1981) Early Hum. Dev., 5, pp. 367-375; Scott, Moar, Ounsted, The relative contributions of different maternal factors in small- for-gestational age pregnancies (1981) Europ. J. Obstet. Gynec. Reprod. Biol., 12, pp. 157-165; Sterky, Swedish standard curves for intrauterine growth (1970) Pediatrics., 46, pp. 7-10; Tejani, Recurrence of intrauterine growth retardation (1982) Obstet. Gynecol., 59, pp. 329-331; Toth, Kesza, Mehes, Maternal regulation of fetal growth (1983) Acta Paediatr Hung, 24, pp. 37-40; van den Berg, Yerushalmy, The relationship of the rate of intrauterine growth of infants of low birth weight to mortality, morbidity, and congenital anomalies (1966) J. Pediatr., 69, pp. 531-545 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022971383&doi=10.1016%2f0378-3782%2886%2990180-5&partnerID=40&md5=a138d1e7e7b4cf3513b8a8ddfde5184b ER - TY - JOUR TI - EPILEPSY AND HANDICAP FROM BIRTH TO AGE 36 T2 - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology J2 - Dev. Med. Child Neurol. VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 719 EP - 728 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1986.tb03923.x SN - 00121622 (ISSN) AU - Britten, N. AU - Morgan, K. AU - Fenwick, P.B.C. AU - Britten, H. AD - Department of Community Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom AD - Southmead and Frenchay District Health Authorities, Bristol, United Kingdom AD - The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom AD - Brent Health Authority, London, United Kingdom AD - The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, 66-72 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6EA, United Kingdom AB - Fifty‐five subjects with epilepsy were identified in the first 36 years of the 1946 birth cohort study. In 37 cases there was neither evident cause for the epilepsy nor associated brain‐damage and these are referred to as ‘uncomplicated’, the rest as ‘complicated’. Subjects with epilepsy came from poorer social backgrounds than the rest of the cohort. Mortality for both the complicated and uncomplicated groups was high. The educational and occupational achievements, marriage and parenthood, self‐esteem and psychiatric morbidity of those surviving to adult life were compared with individually matched controls drawn from the same population. For the uncomplicated group there was no evidence of handicap at age 26, but 10 years later handicap was evident in this group in the economic sphere and in self‐esteem. Epilepsie et handicap de la naissance à 36 ans Cinquante cinq sujets épileptiques ont été identifiés au cours des 36 premières années de l'étude de la cohorte née en 1946. Dans 37 cas, il n'apparaissait pas de causes évidentes des crises, ni lésions cérébrates associées et ces cas sont référés comme ‘non compliqués’, les autres comme ‘compliqués’. les sujets épileptiques provenaient d'un environnement social plus pauvre que le reste de la cohorte. La mortalité a étéélevée dans le groupe compliqué comme dans le groupe non compliqué. Les performances éducatives et professionnelles, le mariage et la descendance, l'auto‐estimation et la morbidité psychiatrique des cas survivants au cours de la vie adulte ont été compares individuellement avec des contrôles appariés provenant de la même population. Dans le groupe non compliqué, il n'y avait pas d'évidence de handicap à l'âge de 26 ans mais dix ans plus tard, le handicap était évident dans ce groupe, dans la sphère économique et dans l'auto‐estimation. Epilepsie und Behinderung: von der Geburl bis zum 36. Lebensjahr In einer Studie des Geburtenjahrganges 1946 wurden in den ersten 36 Jahren 55 Patienten mit Epilepsie diagnostiziert. Bei 37 Fällen fand sich weder eine eindeutige Ursache für die Anfälle noch ein Hirnschaden, und diese wurden als ‘unkompliziert’ eingestuft, die restlichen als ‘kompliziert’. Die Kinder mit Epilepsie kamen aus einer einfacheren sozialen Schicht als die übrigen Kinder dieser Studie. Die Mortalität war sowohl bei den komplizierten als auch bei den unkomplizierten Fällen hoch. Schulische und berufliche Leistungen, Zahl der Eheschließungen und Elternschaft, Selbstwertgefühl und psychiatrische Morbidität wurden von den Patienten, die bis zum Erwachsenenalter überlebten, mit individuell ausgewählten Kontrollen derselben Population verglichen. Die Patienten der unkomplizierten Gruppe zeigten im Alter von 26 Jahren keine Behinderung, 10 Jahre später jedoch waren deutliche Behinderungen im wirtschaftlichen Bereich und beim Selbstwertgefühl nachweisbar. Epilepsia y minusvalia desde el nacimiento hasta la edad de 36 años Cincuenta y cinco individuos con epilepsia fueron identificados en los primeros 36 años del estudio control de 1946. En 37 casos no habia causa evidente de las crisis ni asociación con lesion cerebral y tales casos son denominanados ‘no complicados' y el resto ‘complicados’. Individuos con epilepsia provenían de un medio social más pobre que el resto del grupo. La mortalidad para ambos grupos, complicados era alta. El nivel educativo y ocupacional alcanzados, matrimonio, paternidad, autoestima y morbilidad psiquiàtrica de aquellos que alcanzaron la edad adulta se comparó con controles individualmente homólogos, sacados de la misma población. En el grupo de no complicados no había evidencia de minusvalia a la edad de 26 años. Pero 10 años más tarde, la minusvalia era evidente en este grupo en la esfera económica y en la autoestima. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - central nervous system KW - clinical article KW - disability KW - education KW - epidemiology KW - epilepsy KW - human KW - mortality KW - occupation KW - priority journal KW - psychological aspect KW - social aspect KW - Adult KW - Disabled Persons KW - England KW - Epilepsy KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Quality of Life N1 - Cited By :26 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 2950011 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Britten, N. N1 - References: Atkins, E., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth cohort survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1980) An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention: Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe, , Mednick, S. A., Baert, A. E.,. London:, Oxford University Press; (1978) Plan for Nationwide Action on Epilepsy, 2. , Part 2. Bethesda, MD:, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; Cooper, J.E., Epilepsy in a longitudinal survey of 5,000 children (1965) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 1020-1022; Crombie, D.L., Cross, K.W., Fry, J., Pinsent, R.J.F.H., Watts, C.A.H., A survey of the epilepsies in general practice (1960) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 416-422; Currie, S., Heathfield, K.W.G., Henson, R.A., Scott, D.F., Clinical course and prognosis of temporal lobe epilepsy. A survey of 666 patients (1971) Brain, 94, pp. 173-190; Gastaut, H., International classification of epileptic seizures (1969) Epilepsia, 10, p. S2; Goodridge, D.M.G., Shorvon, S.D., Epileptic seizures in a population of 6000. II: Treatment and prognosis (1983) British Medical Journal, 287, pp. 645-647; Graham, P., Rutter, M., Organic brain dysfunction and child psychiatric disorder (1968) British Medical Journal, 3, pp. 695-700; Harrison, R.M., Taylor, D.C., Childhood seizures: a 25 year follow‐up (1976) Lancet, 1, pp. 948-951; Hermann, B.P., Whitman, S., Behavioral and personality correlates of epilepsy: a review, methodological critique, and conceptual model (1984) Psychological Bulletin, 95, pp. 451-497; Kurland, L.T., The incidence and prevalence of convulsive disorders in a small urban community (1959) Epilepsia, 1, pp. 143-161; Lindsay, J., Ounsted, C., Richards, P., Long‐term outcome in children with temporal lobe seizures. I: Social outcome and childhood factors (1979) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 21, pp. 285-298; Lindsay, J., Ounsted, C., Richards, P., Long‐term outcome in children with temporal lobe seizures. III: Psychiatric aspects in childhood and adult life (1979) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 21, pp. 630-636; Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Walton, W.S., Knox, E.G., (1960) Growing up in Newcastle upon Tyne, , London:, Oxford University Press; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) New England Journal of Medicine, 19, pp. 1029-1033; Passmore, R., Robson, J.S., (1974) Companion to Medical Studies, 3. , Oxford:, Blackwell Scientific; Pike, M.C., Morrow, R.H., Statistical analysis of patient‐control studies in epidemiology (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, pp. 42-44; Pond, D.A., Bidwell, B.H., Stein, L., A survey of epilepsy in fourteen general practices. 1: Demographic and medical data (1960) Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir, 63, pp. 217-236; Rodgers, B., Mann, S.A., The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: a national population survey (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; Ross, E.M., Evans, D., Epilepsy in Bristol secondary school children (1972) Epilepsia, 13, pp. 7-12; Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 207-210; Siegel, S., (1956) Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, , New York:, McGraw‐Hill; Sillanpää, M., Medico‐social prognosis of children with epilepsy (1973) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 237, pp. 3-104; Smith, B., Sudden unexplained death in epileptics (1978) Commission for Control of Epilepsy and its Consequences. Plan for Nationwide Action on Epilepsy, 2, pp. 302-312. , Part 2, Section viii, pp.,. Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; van den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children (1969) Pediatric Research, 3, pp. 298-304; Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II: Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1311-1315; Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms, , London:, Cambridge University Press; (1980) International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps, , Geneva:, W.H.O UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023002275&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1986.tb03923.x&partnerID=40&md5=c6c4202c187d8380dbe16586439cbeaf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Women's acceptance of a preterm birth prevention program T2 - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology J2 - Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. VL - 155 IS - 5 SP - 939 EP - 946 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1016/0002-9378(86)90322-4 SN - 00029378 (ISSN) AU - Papiernik, E. AU - Bouyer, J. AU - Yaffe, K. AU - Winisdorffer, G. AU - Collin, D. AU - Dreyfus, J. AD - Unite 187, Physiologie et Psychologie de la Reproduction Humaine, Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale Universite Paris-Sud, Hopital Antoine Beclere, Clamart, France AD - Unite 170, Epidemiologie et Statistique sur l'Environnement et la Sante, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Villejuif, France AD - Hopital de Haguenau, Haguenau, France AB - A major modification in French national perinatal policy was proposed in 1970. Its primary aim was to reduce preterm births, and a specific program has been progressively applied to all pregnant women in France since 1971. Because the policy was introduced at a national level, it was possible to use a district hospital in Haguenau (northeastern France) as an observation site for measuring the effects of the change. A longitudinal study was begun in 1971 and continued for 12 years, during which time a total of 16,004 singleton pregnancies were followed. This article focuses on acceptance by the pregnant women in Haguenau in response to the new prenatal care proposals. A major reduction in preterm births is demonstrated, and the relationship between acceptance and observed changes in preterm birth is discussed. Certain time-related patterns were observed: it took time for the policy modification to be measurable; while the outcomes showed general improvement, results were closely related to the patients' social status; there were significant time-lag differences between social class groups with regard to acceptance of specific interventions. © 1986. KW - Patient acceptance KW - preterm birth KW - prevention program KW - age KW - female genital system KW - health program KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - organization and management KW - pregnancy KW - premature labor KW - prematurity KW - prevention KW - priority journal KW - Delivery Of Health Care KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Europe KW - France KW - Health KW - Health Services KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Maternal Health Services KW - Maternal-child Health Services KW - Mediterranean Countries KW - Organization And Administration KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcomes KW - Prenatal Care KW - Primary Health Care KW - Program Acceptability KW - Program Evaluation KW - Programs KW - Reproduction KW - Research Report KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Time Factors KW - Western Europe KW - Birth Weight KW - Educational Status KW - Female KW - France KW - Humans KW - Obstetric Labor, Premature KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Trimester, First KW - Prenatal Care N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AJOGA C2 - 3777071 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Papiernik, E. N1 - References: Chez, Preterm labor: the use of β-mimetics (1981) Preterm labor, p. 124. , M Elder, C Hendricks, Butterworth, London; Lazar, Gueguen, Dreyfus, Renaud, Pontonier, Papiernik, Multicentered controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at moderate risk of preterm delivery (1984) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 91, p. 731; Rush, Issacs, McPherson, Jones, Chalmers, Grant, A randomized controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (1984) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 91, p. 724; Berkowitz, An epidemiologic study of preterm delivery (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 113, p. 81; Papiernik, Proposals for a programmed prevention policy of preterm birth (1984) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 27, p. 614; Vignier, Chapalain, Papiernik, (1971) La périnatalité, étude de rationalisation des choix budgétaires. III. Pour une politique de santé, p. 1. , Documentation Française, Paris; Vignier, Chapalain, Papiernik, (1971) La périnatalité, étude de rationalisation des choix budgétaires. III. Pour une politique de santé, p. 49. , Documentation Française, Paris; Papiernik, Coefficient du risque d'accouchement prématuré (C.R.A.P.) (1969) Presse Med, 77, p. 793; Papiernik, Bouyer, Dreyfus, The prevention of preterm births: the perinatal study of Haguenau (1985) Pediatrics, 76, p. 154; Papiernik, Kaminski, Multifactorial study of the risk of prematurity at 32 weeks of gestation: a study for the frequency of 30 predictive characteristics (1974) J Perinatol Med, 2, p. 30; Estryn, Kaminski, Franc, Fermand, Gerstle, Grossesse et conditions de travail en milieu hospitalier (1978) Rev Fr Gynecol, 73, p. 625; Mamelle, Laumon, Lazar, Prematurity and occupational activity during pregnancy (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 27, p. 309; Papiernik, Bouyer, Collin, Winisdoerffer, Dreyfus, Precocious cervical repening and pretern labor (1986) Obstet Genecol, 67, p. 238; Payne, Strobino, Two methods of estimating the target population for public maternity service programs (1984) Am J Pub Health, 74, p. 164; Gortmaker, The effects of prenatal care upon the health of the newborn (1979) Am J Pub Health, 69, p. 653; Rumeau-Rouquette, Du Mazaubrun, Rabarison, (1984) Naitre en France, 10 and d'évolution, , Doin, Paris; Campbell, Reading, Cox, Ultrasound scanning in pregnancy: the short-term psychological effects of early real-time scans (1982) J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol, 1, p. 57; Reading, Campbell, Cox, Stedmere, Health beliefs and health care behaviors in pregnancy (1882) Psychological Medicine, 12, p. 379; Blondel, Kaminski, Rumeau-Rouquette, (1982) Les inégalités sociales de la surveillance prénatale influence des filiéres médicales et de l'opinion des femmes: conceptions, mesures et actions en santé publique [Colloque], , National Institute of Health and Medical Research of France, Paris; Chalmers, Oakley, Macfarlane, Perinatal health services an immodest proposal (1980) BMJ, 1, p. 842; Stickle, Ma, Some social and medical correlates of pregnancy outcomes (1977) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 127, p. 162; Butler, Bonham, (1975) Perinatal morbidity: first report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , William Heinemann Medical Books, London; Chamberlain, Chamberlain, Howlett, Clareaux, (1975) British births, 1970. I. The first week of life, , William Heinemann Medical Books, London; Garn, Shaw, McCabe, Effects of socio-economic status and race on weight-defined and gestational prematurity in the United States (1977) Epidemiology and prematurity, p. 127. , D Reid, F Stanley, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore; Papiernik, Maine, Rush, Richard, Prenatal care and the prevention of preterm delivery (1985) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 23, pp. 427-433; Goujon, Papiernik, Maine, The prevention of preterm delivery through prenatal care: an intervention study in Martinique (1984) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 22, p. 239; Kessel, Vilar, Berendes, The changing pattern of low birth weight in the United States: 1970 to 1980 (1984) JAMA, 251, pp. 1978-1982 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022980197&doi=10.1016%2f0002-9378%2886%2990322-4&partnerID=40&md5=34e1dc01e79e9b27a43e237faf120daf ER - TY - JOUR TI - THIRTY YEARS OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY: A SELECTIVE REVIEW T2 - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry J2 - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 719 EP - 759 PY - 1986 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00199.x SN - 00219630 (ISSN) AU - Clarke, A.M. AU - Clarke, A.D.B. AD - Department of Educational Studies, The University of Hull, United Kingdom AD - Department of Psychology, The University of Hull, United Kingdom AB - Abstract A selective review of the literature in child psychology over the last 30 years reveals substantial changes in methodology, in analysis and the interpretation of findings. Evidence on the multifactorial nature of development is drawn from genetic/environmental research, longitudinal studies and a consideration of potential long‐term effects of early experience, including planned intervention. It is increasingly recognized that individuals play some part in causing their own development, via ongoing transactional processes. Eight themes form the basis for discussion, including the belated emergence of Piaget's theory and the changing outlook for the mentally retarded. In addition, the explosion of research upon infancy and the growing influence of behavioural psychology are noted. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - Child psychology KW - constancy/change KW - early experience KW - transactions KW - child KW - child development KW - child parent relation KW - child psychology KW - history KW - history of medicine KW - human KW - intelligence KW - longitudinal study KW - mental deficiency KW - review KW - United Kingdom KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child Psychology KW - Great Britain KW - History of Medicine, 20th Cent. KW - Human KW - Intelligence KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Mental Retardation KW - Parent-Child Relations N1 - Cited By :10 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3539955 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Clarke, A.D.B.; Department of Psychology, University, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom N1 - References: Atkins, E., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth cohort: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Prospective longitudinal research: an empirical basis for the primary prevention of psychosocial disorders, pp. 25-30. , S. S. Mednick, A. E. Baert, (Eds),. Oxford, Oxford University Press; (1985) Research on exemplary schools, , Austin, G. R., Garber, H., (Eds),. Florida and London:, Academic Press; Baller, W.R., Charles, D.C., Miller, E.L., Mid‐life attainment of the mentally retarded: a longitudinal study (1968) Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, pp. 235-329; Bakes, P.B., Reese, H.W., Lipsitt, L.P., Life‐span developmental psychology (1980) Annual Review of Psychology, 31, pp. 65-110; Bandura, A., (1969) Principles of behavior modification, , New York and London:, Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Bell, R.A., A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization (1968) Psychological Review, 75, pp. 81-95; Belsky, J., Three theoretical models of child abuse (1978) Child Abuse and Neglect, 2, pp. 37-49; Berger, M., Behaviour modification in education and professional practice: the dangers of a mindless technology (1979) Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 32, pp. 418-419; Berger, M., Yule, W., IQ tests and assessment (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 53-96. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, ; New York, Free Press; Berstein, B., Education cannot compensate for society (1970) New Society, 387, pp. 344-347; Berrueta‐Clement, J.R., Schweinhart, L.J., Barnett, W.S., Epstein, A.S., Weikart, D.P., (1984) Changed lives: the effects of the Perry Preschool Program through age 19, , Ypsilanti, Michigan:, The High/Scope Press; Birch, H.G., Richardson, S.A., Baird, D., Horobin, G., Illsley, R., (1970) Mental subnormality in the community: a clinical and epidemiologic study, , Baltimore, Maryland:, Williams & Wilkins; Block, J., (1971) Lives through time, , Berkeley, California:, Bancroft Books; Bower, T.G.R., The visual world of infants (1966) Scientific American, 215, pp. 80-92; Bower, T.G.R., Wishart, J.G., The effects of motor skills on object permanence (1972) Cognition, 1, pp. 165-172; Bowlby, J., (1951) Maternal care and mental health, , Geneva:, W.H.O; Bowlby, J., Ainsworth, M.D., Boston, M., Rosenbluth, D., The effects of mother‐child separation: a follow‐up (1956) British Journal of Medical Psychology, 29, pp. 211-247; (1980) Constancy and change in human development, , Brim, O., Kagan, J., (Eds),. Cambridge, Massachusetts:, Harvard Educational Press; Bronfenbrenner, U., Toward an experimental ecology of human development (1977) American Psychologist, 32, pp. 513-531; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The ecology of human development, , Cambridge, Massachusetts and London:, Harvard University Press; Brown, M., (1983), pp. 9-11. , Despite the Welfare State. SSRC Newsletter No. 48 (March); Brown, M., Madge, N., (1982) Despite the Welfare State, , London:, Heinemann; Brophy, J.E., Good, T.L., (1974) Teacher‐student relationships: causes and consequences, , New York:, Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Bruner, J.S., Olver, R.R., Greenfield, P.M., (1966) Studies in cognitive growth, , New York:, Wiley; Bryant, P.E., (1974) Perception and understanding in young children: an experimental approach, , London:, Methuen; Bryant, P.E., Editorial: Piaget's questions (1982) British Journal of Psychology, 73, pp. 147-161; Bryant, P.E., Trabasso, T., Transitive inferences and memory in young children (1971) Nature, 232, pp. 456-458; (1986) From birth to five: a study of the health and behaviour of a nation, , Butler, N. R., Golding, J., Howlett, B. C., (Eds),. Oxford:, Pergamon Books; Carr, J., The effect on the family of a severely mentally handicapped child (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 512-548. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, ; New York, Free Press; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B.C., Claireaux, A., (1975) British births: Vol. 1. The first week of life, , London:, Heinemann; Chess, S., Thomas, A., Infant bonding: mystique and reality (1982) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52, pp. 213-222; Chess, S., Thomas, A., (1984) Origins and evolution of behavior disorders: from infancy to adult life, , New York:, Brunner/Mazel; Clarke, A.D.B., Learning and human development–the 42nd Maudsley Lecture (1968) British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, pp. 161-177; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., Recovery from the effects of deprivation (1959) Acta Psychologica, 16, pp. 137-144; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., Some recent advances in the study of early deprivation (1960) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1, pp. 26-36; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., Problems in assessing the role of early human learning (1962) Paper presented to the Annual Conference, , British Psychological Society, Bristol University; Clarke, A.D.B., Clarke, A.M., Sleeper effects in development: fact or artifact (1981) Developmental Review, 1, pp. 344-360; Clarke, A.D.B., Hermelin, B.F., Adult imbeciles: their ability and trainability (1955) Lancet, 2, pp. 337-339; (1983) Child development and social policy: the life and work of Jack Tizard, , Clarke, A. D. B., Tizard, B., (Eds),. Leicester:, British Psychological Society; Clarke, A.M., Early experience and cognitive development (1984) Review of research in education, 11, pp. 125-157. , E. W. Gordon; (1958) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, , Clarke, A. M., Clarke, A. D. B., (Eds),. London:, Methuen; Clarke, A.M., Clarke, A.D.B., (1976) Early experience: myth and evidence, , London:, Open Books, ; New York:, Free Press; Clarke, A.M., Clarke, A.D.B., Early experience: its limited effect upon later development (1979) The first year of life: psychological and medical implications of early experience, pp. 135-152. , D. Shaffer, J. Dunn, (Eds),. New York and Chichester, Wiley; Clarke, A.M., Clarke, A.D.B., (1980), pp. 17-19. , Comments on Professor Hearnshaw's Balance sheet on Burt. In, H. Beloff, (Ed.), A balance sheet on Burt. Supplement to the Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 33; Clarke, A.M., Clarke, A.D.B., Intervention and sleeper effects: a reply to Victoria Seitz (1982) Developmental Review, 2, pp. 76-86; (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, , Clarke, A. M., Clarke, A. D. B., Berg, J. M., (Eds), (4th edn). London:, Methuen, ; New York:, Free Press; Coleman, J.S., Campbell, E.Q., Hobson, C.J., McPartland, J., Mood, A.M., Weinfeld, F.D., York, R.L., (1966) Equality of educational opportunity, , Washington, DC:, U.S. Government Printing Office; Connolly, K., Learning and the concept of critical periods in infancy (1972) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 14, pp. 705-714; (1974) The growth of competence, , Connolly, K., Bruner, J. S., (Eds),. London:, Academic Press; Cunningham, C., Training and education approaches for parents of children with special needs (1985) British Journal of Medical Psychology, 58, pp. 285-305; Davis, K., Final note on a case of extreme isolation (1947) American Journal of Sociology, 45, pp. 554-565; Dearborn, W.E., Rothney, J.W.M., (1941) Predicting the child's development, , Cambridge, Massachusetts:, Sci‐Art Publishers; Denenberg, V.H., Early experience and brain laterality in rodents (1982) Facilitating infant and early childhood development, pp. 78-97. , L. A. Bond, J. M. Joffe, (Eds),. Hanover, New Hampshire, University Press of New England; Donaldson, M., (1978) Children's minds, , London:, Fontana; Donaldson, M., Conservation: what is the question (1982) British Journal of Psychology, 73, pp. 199-207; Donaldson, M., Grieve, R., Pratt, C., (1983) Early childhood development and education, , Oxford:, Blackwell; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The home and the school, , London:, MacGibbon & Kee; Douglas, J.W.B., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children under five, , London:, Allen & Unwin; Douglas, J.W.B., Ross, J.M., Simpson, H.R., (1968) All our future, , London:, Peter Davies; Dumaret, A., IQ scholastic performance and behaviour of sibs raised in contrasting environments (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 553-580; Dunn, J., Kendrick, C., (1982) Siblings: love envy and understanding, , London:, Grant McIntyre; Edgerton, R.B., (1967) The cloak of competence: stigma in the lives of the retarded, , Berkeley, California:, University of California Press; Edgerton, R.B., Bercovici, S., The cloak of competence: ten years later (1976) American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 80, pp. 485-490; Elder, G.H., Jr., (1974) Children of the Great Depression, , Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Elder, G.K., Jr., Caspi, A., van Nguyen, T., Resourceful and vulnerable children: family influences in hard times (1986) Development as action in context, pp. 167-186. , R. K. Silbereisen, H. Eyferth, (Eds),. Berlin, Springer; Elder, G.H., Jr., Liker, J.K., Cross, C.E., Parent‐child behavior in the Great Depression: life course and intergenerational influences (1984) Life-Span Development and Behavior, 6, pp. 109-158; Epstein, S., The stability of confusion: a reply to Mischel and Peake (1983) Psychological Review, 90, pp. 179-184; Essen, J., Wedge, P., (1982) Continuities in childhood disadvantage, , London:, Heinemann; Evans, E.D., Longitudinal follow‐up assessment of differential preschool experience for low income minority group children (1985) Journal of Educational Research, 78, pp. 197-202; Eysenck, H.J., (1952) The scientific study of personality, , London:, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Farber, B., Effects of a severely mentally retarded child on family integration (1959) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 24 (71), pp. 1-112; Flavell, J.H., (1963) The developmental psychology of Jean Piaget, , London:, van Nostrand; (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , Fogelman, K.,. London:, Macmillan; Fogelman, K., Wedge, P., The National Child Development Study (1958 British cohort) (1981) Prospective longitudinal research: an empirical basis for the primary prevention of psychosocial disorders, pp. 30-43. , S. A. Mednick, A. E. Beart, (Eds),. Oxford, Oxford University Press; Galloway, D., Ball, T., Blomfield, D., Seyd, R., (1982) Schools and disruptive pupils, , New York:, Longman; Garber, H., Heber, R., Modification of predicted cognitive development in high‐risk children through early intervention (1982) How and how much can intelligence be increased? Norwood, , D. K. Dettermon, R. Sternberg, (Eds), New Jersey:, Ablex; Garmezy, N., Tellegen, A., Studies of stress‐resistant children: methods, variables and preliminary findings (1984) Applied developmental psychology, 1, pp. 231-287. , F. Morrison, C. Lord, D. Keating, (Eds),. New York, Academic Press; Gelman, R., Logical capacity of very young children: number invariance rules (1972) Child Development, 43, pp. 75-90; Gelman, R., Cognitive development (1978) Annual Review of Psychology, 29, pp. 297-332; Gelman, R., Accessing one‐to‐one correspondence: still another paper about conservation (1982) British Journal of Psychology, 73, pp. 209-220; Gillie, O., (1976), Crucial data was faked by eminent psychologist. Sunday Times, 24 October; Giuganino, B.M., Hindley, C., Stability of individual differences in personality characteristics from 3 to 15 years (1982) Personality and Individual Differences, 3, pp. 287-301; Gold, M.W., Research on the vocational habitation of the retarded: the present and the future (1973) International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 6, pp. 97-147. , N. R. Ellis,. New York, Academic Press; Gulliford, R., Education (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 639-685. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, ; New York, Free Press; Gunzburg, H.G., (1960) Social rehabilitation of the subnormal, , London:, Balliere, Tindall & Cox; Hearnshaw, L.S., (1979) Cyril Burt: psychologist, , London:, Hodder & Stoughton; Hebb, D.O., (1949) Organization of behaviour, , London:, Chapman & Hall; Heber, R., The role of environment variables the etiology of cultural‐familial retardation (1968) Proceedings of The First Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency, pp. 456-465. , B. W. Richards,. Reigate, Michael Jackson; Hewison, J., Tizard, J., Parental involvement and reading attainment (1980) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 50, pp. 209-215; Hindley, C.B., Owen, C.F., The extent of individual changes in IQ for ages between 6 months and 17 years in a British longitudinal sample (1978) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 19, pp. 329-350; Hindley, C.B., Owen, C.F., Analysis of individual patterns of DQ and IQ curves from 6 months to 17 years (1979) British Journal of Psychology, 70, pp. 273-293; Hunt, (1961) Intellegence and experience, , New York:, Ronald Press; Hunt, Psychological development: early experience (1979) Annual Review of Psychology, 30, pp. 103-143; Jencks, C., Smith, M., Acland, H., Bane, M.J., Cohen, D., Gintis, H., Heyns, B., Michelson, S., (1972) Inequality, , New York:, Basic Books; Jensen, A.P., How much can we boost IQ and scholastic achievement (1969) Harvard Educational Review, 39, pp. 1-123; Jensen, A.R., Cumulative deficit in IQ of blacks in the rural south (1977) Developmental Psychology, 13, pp. 184-191; Jensen, A.R., Raising the IQ: the Ramey and Haskins study (1981) Intelligence, 5, pp. 29-40; (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford:, Oxford University Press; Kadushin, A., (1970) Adopting older children, , New York:, Columbia University Press; Kagan, J., The form of early development: continuity and discontinuity in emergent competences (1979) Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, pp. 1047-1054; Kagan, J., Klein, R.E., Cross‐cultural perspectives on early development (1973) American Psychologist, 28, pp. 947-961; Kagan, J., Moss, H.A., (1962) Birth to maturity, , New York:, Wiley; Kamin, L., (1974) The Science and Politics of IQ, , New York:, Erlbaum; Kazdin, A.E., (1980) Behavior modification in applied settings, , Homewood, Illinois:, Dorsey; Kiernan, C., Behaviour modification (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 465-511. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, ; New York, Free Press; Kiernan, C., Communication (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 584-638. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, ; New York, Free Press; Koluchova, J., Severe deprivation in twins: a case study (1972) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13, pp. 107-114; Koluchova, J., A report on the further development of twins after severe and prolonged deprivation (1976) Early experience: myth and evidence, pp. 56-66. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, (Eds),. London, Open Books; Kolvin, I., Miller, F.J.W., Garside, R.F., Gatzanis, S.R.M., One thousand families over three generations: method and some preliminary findings (1983) Families at risk, pp. 141-154. , N. Madge,. London, Heinemann; Lazar, I., Darlington, R.B., Lasting effects of early education (1982) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 47, pp. 1-151; Lazar, I., Hubbell, V.R., Murray, H., Rosche, M., Royce, J., (1977) The persistence of preschool effects: a long‐term follow‐up of fourteen infant and preschool experiments, , Washington, DC:, The Consortium on Developmental Continuity, Education Commission of the States, DHEW Publication No. (OHDS) 78–30130; Lewis, H., (1954) Deprived children, , London:, Oxford University Press; Lindsay, G., Evans, A., Jones, B., Paired reading versus relaxed reading: a comparison (1985) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, pp. 304-309; Lipsitt, L., Critical conditions in infancy: a psychological perspective (1979) American Psychologist, 34, pp. 973-987; Lovett, S., Micro‐electronic and computer‐based technology (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 549-583. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, ; New York, Free Press; Lyle, J.G., The effect of an institution environment upon verbal development of imbecile children: I. Verbal intelligence (1959) Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 3, pp. 122-128; Lyle, J.G., The effect of an institution environment upon the verbal development of imbecile children: II. Speech and language (1960) Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 4, pp. 1-13; Lyle, J.G., The effect of an institution environment upon the verbal development of imbecile children: III. The Brooklands residential unit (1960) Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 4, pp. 14-22; McCall, R.B., Nature‐nurture and the two realms of development (1981) Child Development, 52, pp. 1-12; McGarrigle, J., Donaldson, M., Conservation accidents (1974) Cognition, 3, pp. 341-350; McNemar, Q., A critical examination of the University of Iowa studies of environmental influence upon the IQ (1940) Psychological Bulletin, 37, pp. 63-92; (1981) Prospective longitudinal research: an empirical basis for the primary prevention of psychosocial disorders, , Mednick, S. A., Baert, A. E., (Eds),. Oxford:, Oxford University Press on behalf of the W. H. O. Regional Office for Europe; Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Knox, E.G., Brandon, S., (1974) The school years in Newcastle upon Tyne, , London:, Oxford University Press; Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Walton, J., Knox, E.G., (1960) Growing up in Newcastle upon Tyne, , London:, Oxford University Press; Miller, F.J.W., Kolvin, I., Fells, H., Becoming deprived: a cross‐generation study based on the Newcastle upon Tyne 1000‐Family Survey (1985) Longitudinal studies in child psychology and psychiatry, , A. R. Nicol,. New York and Chichester:, Wiley; Mittler, P., Serpell, R., Services: an international perspective (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 712-787. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, ; New York, Free Press; Morgan, R., Lyon, E., “Paired Reading”–a preliminary report on a technique for parental tuition of reading‐retarded children (1979) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 20, pp. 151-160; Mounod, P., Bower, T.G.R., Conservation of weight in infants (1975) International Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 3, pp. 29-40; Newson, J., Newson, E., (1963) Infant care in an urban community, , London:, Allen & Unwin; Newson, J., Newson, E., (1968) Four years old in an urban community, , London:, Allen & Unwin; Newson, J., Newson, E., (1977) Perspectives on school at seven years old, , London:, Allen & Unwin; O'Connor, N., The evidence for the permanently disturbing affects of mother‐child separation (1956) Acta Psychologica, 12, pp. 174-191; Oden, M.H., The fulfilment of promise: 40‐year follow‐up of the Terman Gifted Group (1968) Genetic Psychology Monographs, 27, pp. 3-93; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The social life of Britain's five years olds, , London:, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Osborn, A.F., Milbank, J.E., (1985), The association of preschool educational experience with subsequent ability, attainment and behaviour. Draft report prepared for the Department of Education and Science; Page, E.B., Grandon, G.M., Massive intervention and child intelligence: the Milwaukee project in critical perspective (1981) The Journal of Special Education, 15, pp. 239-256; Pilling, D., (1986), Escape from disadvantage. In preparation; Plomin, R., DeFries, J.C., Genetics and intelligence: recent data (1980) Intelligence, 4, pp. 15-24; Power, M.J., Benn, R.T., Morris, J.N., Neighbourhood, school and delinquents before the courts (1972) British Journal of Criminology, 12, pp. 111-132; (1972) Entering the era of human ecology, , Washington, DC:, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Publication No. (OS) 72–7; (1976) Mental retardation: century of decision, , Washington, DC:, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Publication No. (OHD) 76–21013; Quinton, D., Rutter, M., Parents with children in care–I. Current circumstances and parenting (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 211-229; Quinton, D., Rutter, M., Parents with children in care–II. Intergenerational countinuities (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 231-250; Quinton, D., Rutter, M., Dowdney, L., Liddle, C, azek, D., Skuse, D., (1982), Childhood experiences and parenting behaviour. Final Report to the Social Reseach Council; Ramey, C., Commentary on “Lasting effects of early education: a report from the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies” (1982) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 47 (2-3), pp. 142-151. , Lazar, I., Darlington, R; Reynolds, D., The delinquent school (1976) The process of schooling, pp. 1-12. , P. Woods,. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; (1985) Studying school effectiveness, , Reynolds, D.,. London and Philadelphia:, The Falmer Press; Richardson, S.A., Roller, H., Epidemiology (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 356-400. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, ; New York, Free Press; Rose‐Ackerman, S., Mental retardation and society: the ethics and politics of normalization (1982) Ethics, 93, pp. 81-101; Royce, J.M., Lazar, I., Darlington, R.B., Minority families, early education and later life chances (1983) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 53, pp. 706-720; Rutter, M., The long‐term effects of early experience (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 800-815; Rutter, M., Statistical and personal interactions: facets and perspectives (1983) Human development: an interactional perspective, pp. 295-319. , D. Magnusson, V. Allen, (Eds),. London and New York, Academic Press; Rutter, M., School effects on pupils' progress–findings and policy implications (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 1-29; Rutter, M., Birch, H.G., Thomas, A., Chess, S., Temperamental characteristics in infancy and the later development of behavioural disorders (1964) British Journal of Psychiatry, 110, pp. 631-661; Rutter, M., Madge, N., (1976) Cycles of disadvantage, , London:, Heinemann; Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., Ouston, J., Smith, A., (1979) Fifteen thousand hours: secondary schools and their effects on pupils, , London:, Open Books; Rutter, M., Quinton, D., Liddle, C., Parenting in two generations: looking backwards and looking forwards (1983) Families at risk, pp. 60-98. , N. Madge,. London, Heinemann; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , London:, Longman; Rutter, M., Yule, B., Qinton, D., Rowlands, O., Yule, W., Berger, M., Attainment and adjustment in two geographical areas: III. Some factors accounting for area differences (1975) British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, pp. 520-533; Sameroff, A.J., Early influences on development: fact or fancy (1975) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 21, pp. 267-294; Sameroff, A.J., Chandler, M.J., Reproductive risk and the continuum of caretaking casualty (1975) Review of Child Development Research, 4, pp. 187-244. , F. D. Horowitz, M. Hetherington, S. Scarr‐Salapatek, G. Siegel, (Eds),. Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Scarr, S., Psychology and children: current research and practice (1979) American Psychologist, 34, pp. 809-811; Scarr, S., Carter‐Saltzman, L., Genetics and intelligence (1982) Handbook of human intelligence, , R. J. Sternberg,. Cambridge:, Cambridge University Press; Scarr, S., Webber, P.L., Weinberg, R.A., Wittig, M.A., Personality resemblance among adolescents and their parents in biologically related and adoptive families (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, pp. 885-898; Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., IQ test performance of black children adopted by white families (1976) American Psychologist, 31, pp. 726-739; Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., The Minnesota Adoption Studies: genetic differences and malleability (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 260-267; Schaffer, H.R., Objective observations of personality development in early infancy (1958) British Journal of Medical Psychology, 31, pp. 174-183; Schaffer, H.R., (1977) Mothering, , London:, Fontana/Open Books; Schaffer, H.R., Emerson, P.E., The development of social attachments in infancy (1964) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 29, pp. 1-77; Schiff, M., Duyme, M., Dumaret, A., Stewart, J., Tomkiewicz, S., Feingold, J., Intellectual status of working class children adopted early into upper‐middle‐class families (1978) Science, 200, pp. 1503-1504; Schiff, M., Duyme, M., Dumaret, A., Tomkiewicz, S., How much could we boost scholastic achievement and IQscores? A direct answer from a French adoption study (1982) Cognition, 12, pp. 165-196; Schweinhart, L.J., Weikart, D.P., (1980) Young children grow up: the effects of the Perry Preschool Program on youths through age 15, , Ypsilanti, Michigan:, The High/Scope Press; Schweinhart, L.J., Weikart, D.P., Perry preschool effects nine years later: what do they mean (1981) Psychosocial influences on retarded performance, 2, pp. 113-125. , M. J. Begab, H. C. Haywood, H. L. Garber, (Eds),. Baltimore, University Park Press; Skeels, H.M., Adult status of children with contrasting early life histories (1966) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 31 (3), pp. 1-65. , No. 105; Skuse, D., Extreme deprivation in early childhood–I. Diverse outcomes for three siblings from an extraordinary family (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 523-541; Skuse, D., Extreme deprivation in early childhood–II. Theoretical issues and a comparative review (1984) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 543-572; Sluckin, W., Herbert, M., Sluckin, A., (1983) Maternal bonding, , Oxford:, Blackwell; Sommer, R., Sommer, B.A., Mystery in Milwaukee (1983) American Psychologist, 38, pp. 982-985; Spence, J.C., Walton, W.S., Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., (1954) A thousand families in Newcastle upon Tyne, , London:, Oxford University Press; Sroufe, L.A., Early experience: evidence and myth (1977) Contemporary Psychology, 22, pp. 878-880; Sroufe, L.A., The coherence of individual development (1979) American Psychologist, 34, pp. 834-841; Stevenson, I., Is the human personality more plastic in infancy and childhood (1957) American Journal of Psychiatry, 114, pp. 152-161; Stone, L.J., Smith, H.T., Murphy, L.B., (1974) The competent infant, , London:, Tavistock; Tew, B.J., Laurence, K.M., The relationship between spina bifida children's intelligence test scores on school entry and at school leaving: a preliminary report (1983) Child: Care, Health and Development, 9, pp. 13-17; Thomas, A., Birch, H.G., Chess, S., Robbins, L.C., Individuality in responses of children to similar environmental situations (1961) American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, pp. 798-803; Thomas, A., Chess, S., (1977) Temperament and development, , New York:, Brunner/Mazel; Thomas, A., Chess, S., (1980) The dynamics of psychological development, , New York:, Brunner/Mazel; Thomas, A., Chess, S., Birch, H.G., Hertzig, M.E., Korn, S., (1963) Behavioral individuality in early childhood, , New York:, New York University Press; Thomas, A., Chess, S., Birch, H., (1968) Temperament and behavior disorders in children, , New York:, New York University Press; Thompson, A., Adam–a severely deprived Colombian orphan (1968) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, pp. 689-695; (1973) Behaviour modification in education, , Thoresen, C. E., (72nd Yearbook of the Society for the Study of Education). Chicago:, University of Chicago Press; Tizard, B., Rees, J., A comparison of the effects of adoption, restoration to the natural mother and continued institutionalization on the cognitive development of four‐year‐old children (1974) Child Development, 45, pp. 92-99; Tizard, B., Hodges, J., The effect of early institutional rearing on the development of eight‐year‐old children (1978) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 19, pp. 99-118; Tizard, J., Residential care of mentally handicapped children (1960) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 1041-1046; Tizard, J., Research into services for the mentally handicapped: science and policy issues (1972) British Journal of Mental Subnormality, 18, pp. 1-12; Tizard, J., Loos, F.M., The learning of a spatial relations test by adult imbeciles (1954) American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 59, pp. 85-90; Tizard, J., Schofield, W.N., Hewison, J., Collaboration between teachers and parents in assisting children's reading (1982) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 52, pp. 1-15; Trasler, G., (1960) In place of parents: a study of foster care, , London:, Routledge & Kegan Paul; Vandenberg, S., What do we know today about the inheritance of intelligence and how do we know it (1971) Intelligence, pp. 181-218. , R. C. Cancro,. New York, Grune & Stratton; Vernon, P.E., Presidential address: the psychology of intelligence and G (1955) Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 26, pp. 1-14; (1957) Secondary school selection, , Vernon, P. E.,. London:, Methuen; Wachs, T.D., Gruen, G.E., (1982) Early experience and human development, , New York and London:, Plenum Press; Waddington, C.H., (1957) The strategy of genes, , London:, Allen & Unwin; Waddington, C.H., (1966) Principles of development and differentiation, , New York:, Macmillan; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Evidence from three birth cohort studies for long‐term and cross‐generational effects on the development of children (1985) Children of social worlds, , P. Light, M. P. M. Richards, (Eds),. Oxford:, Polity Press; Wedge, P., Prosser, H., (1973) Born to fail, , ? London:, Arrow Books and National Children's Bureau; Werner, E.E., Smith, R.S., (1981) Vulnerable, but invincible: a longitudinal study of resilient children and youth, , New York:, McGraw‐Hill; Whalen, C.K., Henker, B.A., Creating therapeutic pyramids using mentally retarded patients (1969) American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 74, pp. 331-337; Whalen, C.K., Henker, B.A., Pyramid therapy in a hospital for the retarded: methods, program evaluation and long‐term effects (1970) American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 75, pp. 414-434; Whelan, E., The habilitation of adults (1985) Mental deficiency: the changing outlook, pp. 686-714. , A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, J. M. Berg, (Eds), 4th edn,. London, Methuen, New York ; New York, Free Press; Wheldall, K., Editorial article: behavioural pedagogy or behavioural overkill (1982) Educational Psychology, 2, pp. 181-184; White, S.H., Children in perspective: introduction to the section (1979) American Psychologist, 34, pp. 812-820; Wilson, R.S., The Louisville Twin Study: developmental synchronies in behavior (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 298-316; Woodhead, M., Pre‐school education has long‐term effects: but can they be generalised (1985) Oxford Review of Education, 11, pp. 133-155; Yule, W., Gold, R.D., Busch, C., Long‐term predictive validity of the WPPSI: and eleven‐year follow‐up study (1982) Personality and Individual Differences, 3, pp. 65-71; (1979) Project Head Start: a legacy of the war on poverty, , Zigler, E., Valentine, J., (Eds),. New York:, Free Press UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022814452&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.1986.tb00199.x&partnerID=40&md5=7698d96b7f7b5f39e032906f6a4f83ad ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample T2 - Human Biology J2 - HUM. BIOL. VL - 57 IS - 3 SP - 473 EP - 480 PY - 1985 SN - 00187143 (ISSN) AU - Boldsen, J. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Theoretical Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark AB - The distribution of height measurements on 11-year-old girls and boys of the National Child Development Study (NCDS) are analyzed together with the reported height of their mothers and fathers. Girls, boys, mothers and fathers all show the same type of deviation from normality. The distribution of the children's height could be described by mixtures of three normal distributions. Being a member of the shortest of the three subpopulations is associated with but not adequately explained by congenital defects. The tall subpopulation comprises children at a relatively advanced stage of pubertal development, although it is thought that the distinctiveness of this subpopulation might diminish or disappear as the children grow up. KW - body height KW - clinical article KW - diagnosis KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - individual variation KW - normal human KW - normal value KW - parent KW - priority journal KW - puberty KW - school child KW - sex difference KW - united kingdom KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HUBIA C2 - 4077045 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022410560&partnerID=40&md5=c8fcdf78ab7b55fddc0e86c32d424c4d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality surveys in an African teaching hospital: I. The past and present statistics T2 - East African Medical Journal J2 - EAST AFR. MED. J. VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 251 PY - 1985 SN - 0012835X (ISSN) AU - Dawodu, A.H. AU - Adewunmi, O.A. AU - Marinho, A.O. AD - Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria AB - A one-year prospective survey of perinatal mortality (PNMR) at the U.C.H., Ibadan, revealed a higher perinatal loss (247 per 1000) among emergency than booked patients (39 per 1000). A high incidence of low birth weight among the babies also contributed significantly to the high PNMR. Comparison of the present survey with a previous one conducted about two decades ago revealed a marked reduction in the PNMR among booked patients but no change in the high ONMR among the emrgency patients. The factors responsible for the improvement in the PNMR among booked patients during the two surveys are discussed. It is suggested that there is an urgent need to study the socio-cultural and obstetric factors responsible for the high perinatal loss among unbooked patients admitted as emergencies. KW - adult KW - clinical article KW - epidemiology KW - female genital system KW - fetus KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - prevention KW - statistics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Hospitals, Teaching KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Maternal Age KW - Nigeria KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Care KW - Prospective Studies N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EAMJA C2 - 4042931 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022246408&partnerID=40&md5=37a8dbc5402d75bf4183cde90de99fa7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exposure to cigarette smoking and children's growth T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 402 EP - 409 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1093/ije/14.3.402 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Rona, R.J. AU - Chinn, S. AU - Florey, C.D.V. AD - Department of Community Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's, St. Thomas' Hospitals, St. Thomas' Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom AB - An analysis of data from 5903 children from a study of primary schools in England and Scotland in 1982 showed that the number of cigarettes smoked by the parents at home was significantly associated with the attained height of their children. This relation was statistically significant after allowing for parents' height, child's birthweight, mother's smoking during pregnancy, overcrowding and number of older siblings. Number of cigarettes smoked at home was more strongly related to height than number of cigarettes smoked by the mother during pregnancy. The results suggest that passive smoking may have an effect on the height of a child independent of genetic factors, the social environment and mother's smoking in pregnancy. Whether this is a direct effect of parents' smoking on the child's growth remains unclear. © 1985 International Epidemiological Association. KW - body height KW - child KW - epidemiology KW - growth KW - human KW - intoxication KW - normal human KW - passive smoking KW - respiratory system KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - England KW - Female KW - Growth KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Scotland KW - Social Environment KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution N1 - Cited By :45 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 4055207 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rona, R.J.; Department of Community Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's, St. Thomas' Hospitals, St. Thomas' Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: Rona, R.J., Florey C Du, V., Clarke, G.C., Chinn, S., Smoking at home and height of children (1981) Br Med J, 283, p. 1363; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) Br Med J, 4, pp. 573-575; Altman, D.G., Cook, J., A nutritional surveillance study (1973) Proc Roy Soc Med, 66, p. 646; Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., The secular trend in the height of primary school children in England and Scotland (1984) Ann Hum Biol, 11, pp. 1-16; Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Takaishi M. Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity and weight velocity: British children, 1965. Part I and II (1966) Arch Dis Child, 41, pp. 454-71, 613-35; Rantakallio, P., A follow-up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1983) Acta Paediat Scand, 72, pp. 747-753; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Murray, M., Rona, R.J., Morris, R., Tait, N., The smoking and dietary behaviour of Lambeth schoolchildren. I. The effectiveness of an anti-smoking and nutritional education programme for children (1984) Public Health (Lond), 98, pp. 163-172; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children: Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum Biol, 43, pp. 92-111; Wingerd, J., Schoen, E.J., Factors influencing length at birth and weight at Five years (1974) Pediatrics, 53, pp. 737-741; Leeder, S.R., Corkhill, R.T., Irwig, L.M., Holland, W.W., Colley, J.R.T., Influence of family factors on asthma and wheezing during the first five years of life (1976) Br J Prev Soc Med, 30, pp. 213-218; Colley, J., Douglas, J., Reid, D.D., Respiratory disease in young adults: Influence of early childhood lower respiratory tract illness, social class, air pollution, and smoking (1973) Brit Med J, 3, pp. 195-198; Bergen, S., Parental smoking at home and height of children (Corres pondence) (1981) Br Med J, 282, p. 1612; Donnet, M.L., Cole, T.H., Scott, T.M., Stanfield, J.P., Diet, growth and health of infants in a disadvantaged inner city environment in Glasgow (1982) Nutrition and Health: A Perspective. Lancaster, pp. 183-195. , Turner M R, MTP Press Limited; Black, A.E., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., The diets of pre-school children in Newcastle upon Tyne, 1968-1971 (1976) Br J Nutr, 35, p. 105; Nelson, M., Assessing dietary intake and its relation to growth in British children (1980) Proc Nutr Soc, 39, pp. 35-42; Cook, J., Altman, D.G., Moore, D., Tope, S.G., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., A survey of the nutritional status of school children: Relation between nutrient and socio-economic factors (1973) Br J Prev Soc Med, 27, pp. 91-99; Clark, B.J., Coburn, R.F., Mean myoglobin tension during exercise at maximal oxygen uptake (1975) J Appl Physiol, 39, pp. 135-144; Richardson, D., Coates, F., Morton, R., Early effects of tobacco smoke exposure on vascular dynamics in the micro-circulation (1975) J Appl Physiol, 39, pp. 119-123; Hamosh, M., Simon, M.R., Hamosh, T., Effect of nicotine on the development of fetal and suckling rats (1979) Biol Neonate, 35, pp. 290-297; (1979) Carbon Monoxide. Environmental Health Criteria 13 Executive Summary; Shephard, R.J., (1982) The Risks of Passive Smoking, , London, Croom Helm UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022001145&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f14.3.402&partnerID=40&md5=685429296ab9606d6ce8c886894dc8c0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epilepsy and associated handicaps in a 1 year birth cohort in Northern Finland T2 - European Journal of Pediatrics J2 - Eur J Pediatr VL - 144 IS - 2 SP - 149 EP - 151 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1007/BF00451901 SN - 03406199 (ISSN) AU - v. Wendt, L. AU - Rantakallio, P. AU - Saukkonen, A.-L. AU - Mäkinen, H. AD - Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, SF-90220, Finland AD - Department of Public Health, University of Oulu, Finland AB - A 1 year birth cohort in the provinces of Oulu and Lapland in the Northern part of Finland consisted of 12058 live-born infants, this being 96% of all children born in 1966 in this area. Information on morbidity up to the age of 14 years was collected prospectively by means of questionnaires, special examinations and from national and regional registers of hospital adminissions and social services contacts. The total number of children with epilepsy, defined as the occurrence of at least one afebrile epileptic seizure, was 208, 113 boys and 95 girls. The cumulative incidences for epilepsy to the age of 14 years was 17.3 per 1000. Primary generalised epilepsy was present in 63% and partial seizures in 37%. At least one additional handicapping condition, such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and visual or auditory defect was present in 74 children (35.5%). Mental retardation was the most frequent additional handicap, being present in 28%, whereas 16% of the children had cerebral palsy. A total of 75% of the children were able to attend an ordinary school. The high frequency of epilepsy in this study, as compared to other studies, is explained by the cumulative registration of the cases and a high degree of ascertainment of cases with epilepsy. © 1985 Springer-Verlag. KW - Childhood KW - Cohort KW - Epilepsy KW - Handicap KW - auditory system KW - central nervous system KW - cerebral palsy KW - epilepsy KW - finland KW - handicapped child KW - hearing impairment KW - human KW - mental deficiency KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - visual impairment KW - visual system KW - Adolescent KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Finland KW - Hearing Disorders KW - Human KW - Male KW - Mental Retardation KW - Muscle Spasticity KW - Paralysis KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Vision Disorders PB - Springer-Verlag N1 - Cited By :33 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EJPED C2 - 4043124 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: v. Wendt, L.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, SF-90220, Finland N1 - References: Cavazzutti, G.B., Epidemiology of different types of epilepsy in school age children of Modena, Italy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 57-62; Chiofalo, N., Kirschbaum, A., Fuentes, A., Gordero, M.I., Madsen, J., Prevalence of epilepsy in children of Melipilla, Chile (1979) Epilepsia, 20, pp. 261-266; O'Donohue, N.V., (1981) Epilepsies in childhood. Postgraduate Paediatrics Series, , Butterworths, London; Doose, H., Sitepu, B., Childhood epilepsy in a German city (1983) Neuropediatrics, 14, pp. 220-224; Gastaut, H., Clinical and electroencephalographical classification of epileptic seizures (1970) Epilepsia, 11, pp. 102-113; Hagberg, G., Hansson, O., Childhood seizures (1976) Lancet, 2, p. 208; Leviton, A., Cowan, L.D., Methodological issues in the epidemiology of seizure disorders in children (1981) Epidemiol Rev, 3, pp. 67-89; Pazzaglia, P., Frank-Pazzaglia, L., Records in grade school of pupils with epilepsy: an epidemiological study (1976) Epilepsia, 17, pp. 361-366; Rantakallio, P., Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality (1969) Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl], 193, pp. 1-71; Rantakallio, P., The assessment of small-for-date infants and associated socio-biological factors (1973) Ann Chir Gynaec Fenn, 62, pp. 1-47; Rantakallio, P., Mäkinen, H., The effect of maternal smoking on the timing of deciduous teeth eruption (1983) Growth, 47, pp. 122-128; Rantakallio P, von Wendt L (1985) Prognosis of low birth weight infants up to the age of 14—a prospective study. Dev Med Child Neurol (in press); Riikonen, R., Infantile spasms: Modern practical aspects (1984) Acta Paediatr Scand, 73, pp. 1-12; Riikonen, R., Donner, M., Incidence and etiology of infantile spasms from 1960 to 1967, a population study (1979) Dev Med Child Neurol, 21, pp. 333-343; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br J Med, 280, pp. 207-210; Ross, E.M., Kurtz, Z., Peckham, C.S., Children with epilepsy: implications for school health services (1983) Public Health, 97, pp. 75-81; Rutter M, Graham P, Yule W (1970) A neuropsychiatric study in childhood. Clin Dev Med No. 35/36, Spastics International Med Publ; Sillanpää, M., Medico-social prognosis of children with epilepsy (1973) Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl], 237, pp. 1-104; Tsuboi, T., Epidemiology of febrile and afebrile convulsions in children in Japan (1984) Neurology, 34, pp. 175-181; v. Wendt L, Mäkinen H, Rantakallio P (1985) Psychomotor development in the first year and mental retardation—a prospective study. J Ment Defic Res (in press); v. Wendt L, Rantakallio P, Saukkonen A-L, Tuisku M, Mäkinen H (1985) Cerebral palsy and additional handicaps in a one-year birth cohort of Northern Finland—a prospective follow-up study to the age of 14 years. Ann Clin Res (in press)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021846568&doi=10.1007%2fBF00451901&partnerID=40&md5=d2719d46a5977e0c595157ba22baf4f2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II—Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age T2 - British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) J2 - Brit. Med. J. VL - 290 IS - 6478 SP - 1311 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1136/bmj.290.6478.1311 SN - 02670623 (ISSN) AU - Verity, C.M. AU - Butler, N.R. AU - olding, J.G. AD - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 5QD, United Kingdom AB - Three hundred and three children with febrile convulsions were identified in a national birth cohort of 13 135 children followed up from birth to the age of 5 years. Breech delivery (p >0.05) was the only significantly associated prenatal or perinatal factor. There were no associations with socioeconomic factors. Excluding the 13 known to be neurologically abnormal before their first febrile convulsion, children who had had a febrile convulsion did not differ at age 5 from their peers who had not had febrile convulsions in their behaviour, height, head circumference, or performance in simple intellectual tests. © 1985, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - breech extraction KW - central nervous system KW - child KW - clinical article KW - cohort analysis KW - diagnosis KW - epidemiology KW - etiology KW - febrile convulsion KW - fetus KW - head circumference KW - history KW - human KW - intellect KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Behavior KW - Breech Presentation KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Intelligence KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Seizures, Febrile KW - Sex Factors KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :109 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3922470 LA - English N1 - References: Thom, D.A., Convulsions of early life and their relation to the chronic convulsive disorders and mental defect (1942) Am J Psychiatry, 98, pp. 574-580; Lennox, M.A., Febrile convulsions in childhood. A clinical and electroencephalographic study (1949) Am J Dis Child, 78, pp. 868-882; Aicardi, J., Chevrie, J-J., Febrile convulsions: neurological sequelae and mental retardation Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions., 1976, pp. 247-257. , In: Brazier MAB, Coceani F, eds. New York: Raven Press; Wallace, S.J., Cull, A.M., Long-term psychological outlook for children whose first fit occurs with fever (1979) Dev Med Child Neurol, 21, pp. 28-40; Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Febrile seizures and later intellectual performance (1978) Arch Neurol, 35, pp. 17-21; Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., The social life of Britain's five-year-olds (1984), London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Livingstone, S., Bridge, E.M., Kajdi, L., Febrile convulsions: a clinical study with special reference to heredity and prognosis (1947) J Pediatr, 31, pp. 509-512; Fowler, M., Brain damage after febrile convulsions Arch Dis Child 1957, 32, pp. 67-76; Livingstone, S., Convulsive disorders in infants and children (1958) Adv Pediatr, 10, pp. 113-119; Wallace, S.J., Factors predisposing to a complicated initial febrile convulsion (1975) Arch Dis Child, 50, pp. 943-947; Lennox-Buchtal, M.A., A summing up: clinical session Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions., 1976, pp. 327-351. , In: Brazier MAB, Coceani F, eds. New York: Raven Press; Febrile seizures: long-term management of children with fever-associated seizures (1980) Br Med J, 281, pp. 277-279. , Summary of an NIH consensus statement; Millichap, J.G., Birth history and neurological abnormalities Febrile convulsions., 1968, pp. 32-34. , New York: Macmillan; Heijbel, J., Blom, S., Bergfors, P.G., Simple febrile convulsions. A prospective incidence study and an evaluation of investigations initially needed (1980) Neuro-pädiatrie, 11, pp. 45-56; Schiottz-Christensen, E., Bruhn, P., Intelligence, behaviour and scholastic achievement subsequent to febrile convulsions: an analysis of discordant twin pairs (1973) Dev Med Child Neurol, 15, pp. 565-575; Wallace, S.J., Aetiological aspects of febrile convulsions. Pregnancy and perinatal factors (1972) Arch Dis Child, 47, pp. 171-178; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br Med J, 280, pp. 207-210; Van den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. I. Incidence of febrile and nonfebrile convulsions by age and other factors (1969) Pediatr Res, 3, pp. 298-304; Friderichsen, C., Melchior, J., Febrile convulsions in children, their frequency and prognosis (1954) Acta Paediatr Stand, 43, pp. 307-317. , (suppl 100:; Wallace, S.J., Febrile convulsions: their significance for later intellectual development and behaviour (1984) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 25, pp. 15-21; Wallace, S.J., Neurological and intellectual deficits: convulsions with fever viewed as acute indications of life-long developmental defects Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions., 1976, pp. 259-277. , In: Brazier MAB, Coceani F, eds. New York: Raven Press; Aldridge-Smith, J., Wallace, S.J., Febrile convulsions: intellectual progress in relation to anti-convulsant therapy and to recurrence of fits (1982) Arch Dis Child, 57, pp. 104-107 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021837510&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.290.6478.1311&partnerID=40&md5=47adb383fa7b2708f94058ef80ff8478 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I—Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life T2 - British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) J2 - Brit. Med. J. VL - 290 IS - 6478 SP - 1307 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1136/bmj.290.6478.1307 SN - 02670623 (ISSN) AU - Verity, C.M. AU - Butler, N.R. AU - Golding, J. AD - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 5QD, United Kingdom AB - Of 13 135 children followed up from birth to the age of 5 years, 303 (2-3%) had febrile convulsions. Prior neurological abnormality had been noted in 13 Of the 290 remaining children, 57 (20%) presented with a complex convulsion, and 103 children (35%) went on to have further febrille convulsions. The risk of further febrile convulsions varied with the age at first convulsion and the presence of a history of convulsive disorders in relatives. There were no significant differences between the sexes. © 1985, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - central nervous system KW - child KW - clinical article KW - epidemiology KW - etiology KW - febrile convulsion KW - human KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - recurrent disease KW - Age Factors KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Recurrence KW - Risk KW - Seizures, Febrile KW - Sex Factors N1 - Cited By :229 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3922469 LA - English N1 - References: Baumer, J.H., David, T.J., Valentine, S.J., Roberts, J.E., Hughes, B.R., Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion (1981) Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, pp. 462-464; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., British births 1970. Vol 1. The first week of life (1975), London William Heinemann; Chamberlain, G., Phillipp, E., Howlett, B., Masters, K., British births (1970), 2. , Obstetric care. London: William Heinemann; Febrile seizures: long-term management of children with fever-associated seizures (1980) Br Med J, 281, pp. 277-279. , Summary of an NIH concensus statement; Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Febrile seizures and later intellectual performance (1978) Arch Neurol, 35, pp. 17-21; Armitage, P., Statistical methods in medical research (1971), Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; Tsuboi, T., Epidemiology of febrile and afebrile convulsions in children in Japan (1984) Neurology (Cleveland), 34, pp. 175-181; Millichap, J.G., Febrile convulsions (1968), New York: Macmillan; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) Br Med J, 280, pp. 207-210; Van den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. I. Incidence of febrile and non-febrile convulsions by age and other factors (1969) Pediatr Res, 3, pp. 298-304; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prognosis in children with febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 720-727; Friderichsen, C., Melchior, J., Febrile convulsions in children, their frequency and prognosis (1954) Acta Paediatr Scand, 43, pp. 307-317. , (suppl 100):; Lennox, M.A., Febrile convulsions in childhood. A clinical and electro-encephalo-graphic study (1949) Am J Dis Child, 78, pp. 868-882; Lennox, W.G., Significance of febrile convulsions (1953) Pediatrics, 11, pp. 341-357; Wallace, S.J., Factors predisposing to a complicated initial febrile convulsion (1975) Arch Dis Child, 50, pp. 943-947; Heijbl, J., Blom, S., Bergfors, P.G., Simple febrile convulsions. A prospective incidence study and an evaluation of investigations initially needed (1980) Neuropddiatrie, 11, pp. 45-56; Peterman, M.G., Febrile convulsions (1952) J Pediatr, 41, pp. 536-540; Oullette, E.M., The child who convulses with fever (1974) Pediatr Clin N Am, 21, pp. 467-481; Lennox-Buchtal, M.A., A summing up: clinical session Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions., 1976, pp. 327-351. , In: Brazier MAB, Coceani F. New York: Raven Press; Wallace, S.J., Recurrence of febrile convulsions (1974) Arch Dis Child, 49, pp. 763-765; Wallace, S.J., Neurological and intellectual deficits: convulsions with jever viewed as acute indications of life-long developmental defects Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions., 1976, pp. 259-277. , New York: Raven Press; Wallace, S.J., Factors predisposing to a complicated initial febrile convulsion (1975) Arch Dis Child, 50, pp. 943-947 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021854839&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.290.6478.1307&partnerID=40&md5=078c236c400082f77e7063eff37958ec ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visual acuity in a national sample of 10 year old children T2 - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health J2 - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 112 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1136/jech.39.2.107 SN - 0143005X (ISSN) AU - Stewart-Brown, S. AU - Butler, N. AD - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom AB - The prevalence of defects of visual acuity among the 10 year old children in the 1970 birth cohort was 22.1%, but only in one third of these children was the defect more severe than 6/9. Defects were more common among girls. The relation of defects to social class was complex. Comparison with data collected on the children of the 1958 cohort when they were 11 years old suggests that although the prevalence of 6/9 visual acuity has remained constant over the last decade, the prevalence of more severe defects has declined from 12.9% to 7.3%. These findings have a number of implications for the provision of screening programmes and of ophthalmic services for children. KW - cohort analysis KW - diagnosis KW - epidemiology KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - maturity KW - methodology KW - morbidity KW - normal human KW - priority journal KW - school child KW - screening KW - sex difference KW - short survey KW - social aspect KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - visual acuity KW - visual impairment KW - visual system N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JECHD C2 - 4009094 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021873252&doi=10.1136%2fjech.39.2.107&partnerID=40&md5=352f2c6ef2e160591d9b3ded2b72fe7b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 315 EP - 324 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1080/03014468500007841 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AU - Boldsen, J.L. AD - University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AD - University of Aarhus, Denmark AB - The height distributions of 11-year-old boys and girls and their parents (N = 33 000) comprising the National Child Development Study are reported. The variance in height was found to differ significantly between social classes for all three family positions (father, mother and child). Analysis of variance and cluster analysis revealed that stature distributions in all three family positions is more socially rather than regionally differentiated. © 1985 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - anthropometry KW - body height KW - child KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - human experiment KW - normal human KW - united kingdom KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Geography KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Variation (Genetics) PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :24 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 4037717 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N.; University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom N1 - References: Boldsen, J.L., Cluster analysis — a means of analysing mixed populations (1983) Research Report 80, , Department of Theoretical Statistics, University of Aarhus; Cliquet, R.L., Social mobility and the anthropological structure of populations (1968) Human Biology, 40, pp. 17-30; Collins, K.G., Weiner, J.S., (1977) Human Adaptability, , Taylor and Francis, London; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study, , Longman, London; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , MacGibbon and Kee, London; Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., (1976) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, , Cambridge University Press, London; Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The interaction between social and geographical migration (1984) Migration and Mobility, pp. 161-178. , Ed. A.J. Boyce. Taylor and Francis, London In; Rona, R.J., Altman, D.G., The national study of health and growth. Standards and attained height, weight and triceps skinfold in English children 5 to 11 years old (1977) Annals of Human Biology, 4, pp. 501-523; Schreider, E., Investigations into social stratification of biological characters (1964) Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 12, pp. 184-196; Tanner, J.M., (1978) Foetus into Man, , Taylor and Francis, London; Vandenberg, S.G., Assortative mating or who marries whom (1972) Behavior Genetics, 2, pp. 127-157 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022255655&doi=10.1080%2f03014468500007841&partnerID=40&md5=6d0c9bfe9cc00e26e7c59334a67fabf2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A longitudinal study of children's school mobility and attainment in mathematics T2 - Educational Studies in Mathematics: An International Journal J2 - Educ. Stud. Math. VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 127 EP - 142 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1007/PL00020736 SN - 00131954 (ISSN) AU - Blane, D. AD - Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia AB - This paper reviews and examines the data on the mathematical attainment of geographically mobile children from a major study recently carried out by the National Children's Bureau (NCB). This investigation was designed to determine whether changes of school, apart from those normally occurring in the British education system, adversely affect children's attainment. The data used was contained in the National Child Development Study, collected over the last 26 years on a cohort of roughly fifteeen thousand children, to investigate whether the educational attainment of mobile children differs from non-mobile children of similar initial ability and socio-economic background. In this paper the data on mathematics attainment contained in the original report have been analysed and considered with the possible implications for schools and classrooms in mind. © 1985, D. Reidel Publishing Company. All rights reserved. N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Blane, D.; Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia N1 - References: Benson, G.P., Weigel, D.J., Ninth grade adjustment and achievement as related to mobility (1980) Educ. Res. Quarterly, 5, pp. 15-19; Blane, D.C., Report to the DES Boarding Education Group Reviewing the Available Research Evidence on the Relationship Between Children's Geographic Mobility and Schooling Attainment (1980) Annex F of the Report of a DEA/CLEA Group —Boarding Education, , Department of Education and Science (DES), London; Blane, D.C., A review of the research on geographic mobility and its effect on children (1983) School Mobility and Attainment, , National Children's Bureau, London; Blane, D. C., Pilling, D., and Fogelman, K.: 1985, ‘The use of longitudinal data in a study of children's school mobility and attainment’. A waiting publication; Boyton, T.J., McKenna, E.E., Some factors associated with the age-grade placement of migrant children (1965) Rural Sociol., 3, pp. 327-332; Cockcroft, W.H., (1982) Mathematics Counts, , HMSO, London; Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , MacGibbon and Kee, London; Evans, J.W., The effect of pupil mobility upon academic achievement (1966) National Elementary Principal, 45, pp. 19-22; Ferri, E., (1976) Growing up in a One-Parent Family, , NFER, Windsor; Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , MacMillan, London; Frankel, E., Forlando, G., Mobility as a factor in the performance of urban disadvantaged pupils on tests of mental ability (1967) J. Educ. Res., 60, pp. 355-358; Frazier, I. J. G.: 1970, Relationship of Local Pupil Mobility to Reading Achievement and Intelligence Test Results of Educationally Disadvantaged Children, Unpublished dissertation, Colorado State College; Gallagher, H. B.: 1965, A Study of Mobility of Pupils in Relation to Achievement, Grade 6, Anderson, Indiana, Public Schools, 1963–64. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bull State Teachers College; Gilchrist, M. A.: 1968, Geographic Mobility and Reading and Arithmatic Achievement. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado; Joy, C. E.: 1933, Some aspects of a Moving Population — A Comparative Study of the Transient Children in the Panama Canal Zone Schools. Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Michigan; Kealey, R. J.: 1982, Student Mobility and Its Effect on Achievement, Phi Delta Kappan, Jan. 82; Lacey, C., Blane, D.C., Geographic mobility and school attainment — the confounding variables (1979) Educ. Res., 21, pp. 200-206; Miller, J. H.: 1966, The Relationship Between School Mobility and Academic Achievement of Sixth Grade Students of Culturally Disadvantaged and Middle Socio-economic Neighbourhoods. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University; (1983) School Mobility and Attainment, , National Children's Bureau, National Children's Bureau, London; Plowden, B., (1967) Children and Their Primary Schools, , HMSO, London; Schaller, J., Residential change and various factors of school adjustment: a review of research (1972) Goteborg Psychological Reports, 2, p. 21; Schaller, J., Geographic mobility as a variable in ex post facto research (1976) Br. J. Educ. Psychol., 46, pp. 341-343; Snipes, W. T.: 1964, An Analysis of the Relationship of Mobility to Pupil Achievement in Reading, Arithmetic and Language in Selected Georgia Elementary Schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia; Snyder, J. M.: 1967, Student Mobility and Achievement. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The American University; Stiles, G.E., Families on the move (1968) Educ. Forum, 32, pp. 467-474; Weatherman, R. F.: 1964, A Study of the Relationship of Mobility to Academic Selfconcept and Academic Achievement of Sixth Grade Children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Michigan State UniversityUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0010776744&doi=10.1007%2fPL00020736&partnerID=40&md5=71260a97926c39b17b2771e453c0dc7d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wessex Perinatal Mortality Survey 1982 T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 92 IS - 6 SP - 550 EP - 558 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01391.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - BUCKELL, E.W.C. AU - WOOD, B.S.B. AD - Poole General Hospital, United Kingdom AD - Wessex Regional Health Authority, Birmingham Maternity Hospital, United Kingdom AB - Summary. A survey of 335 perinatal deaths in the Wessex region revealed a perinatal mortality rate of 10·1 per 1000 total births. Lethal malformations accounted for 82 (24%) deaths. Of the 253 normally formed infants, 124 (49%) died during pregnancy and 33 (13%) in labour. More than 60% of the stillbirths weighed >1500 g. Of the 96 postpartum deaths, half occurred within 24 h of delivery, mostly following complications of labour and circumstances suggesting hypoxia. The Aberdeen classification showed half of the mothers had pregnancy complications: other predisposing factors were identified in 10% of perinatal deaths. There were 185 neonatal deaths of which 150 occurred within 7 days and 35 within the next 3 weeks. Sixteen (46%) of the late neonatal deaths were due to a congenital abnormality; pregnancy or labour complications were present in six (32%) of the remaining 19 normally formed infants. Review of existing methods of antenatal supervision in particular, followed by the use of better monitoring systems for earlier detection of fetal distress and prompt action when indicated, together with improvement in neonatal care in the first 24 h after birth should further reduce the perinatal mortality. Copyright © 1985, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - adult KW - classification KW - clinical article KW - congenital disorder KW - congenital malformation KW - etiology KW - female genital system KW - fetus KW - fetus distress KW - human KW - newborn KW - newborn care KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy disorder KW - prevention KW - priority journal KW - stillbirth KW - united kingdom KW - Abnormalities KW - Birth Weight KW - Data Collection KW - England KW - Erythroblastosis, Fetal KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Hemorrhage KW - Human KW - Hypertension KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Labor Complications KW - Pre-Eclampsia KW - Pregnancy N1 - Cited By :25 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 4005197 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: BUCKELL, E.W.C.9 Merley Park Road, Wimborne, Dorset, United Kingdom N1 - References: Chng, P.K., Hall, M.H., MacGillivray, I., An Audit of antenatal care: the value of the first antenatal visit (1980) Br Med J, 281, pp. 1184-1186; Hall, M.H., Is antenatal care really necessary (1981) Practitioner, 225, pp. 1263-1265; McIlwaine, G.M., Howat, R.C.L., Dunn, F., MacNaughton, M.C., The Scottish Perinatal Mortality Survey (1979) Br Med J, 2, pp. 1103-1106; McKee, I.H., Community antenatal care‐the way forward? (1982) Scott Med, 2, pp. 5-9; Confidential inquiry into perinatal deaths in the Mersey region (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 491-494; Mutch, L.M.M., Brown, M.J., Spiedel, B.D., Dunn, P.M., Perinatal mortality and neonatal survival in Avon: 19769 (1981) BMJ, 282, pp. 119-122; (1983), p. 5. , Infant and perinatal mortality 1982. OPCS Monitor DH3 83/2 Oct 11, p; Thornson, A.M., Billewicz, W.Z., Hytten, F.E., The assessment of fetal growth (1968) J Obsiet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 75, pp. 903-916; Wood, B., Catford, J.C., Cogswell, J.J., Confidential paediatric inquiry into neonatal deaths in Wessex 1981 and 1982 (1984) Br Med J, 288, pp. 1206-1208 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021824375&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1985.tb01391.x&partnerID=40&md5=309f132cfd91e98dd0685a05f38edd1d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teenage pregnancy and motherhood T2 - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine J2 - J. R. Soc. Med. VL - 78 IS - 2 SP - 112 EP - 116 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1177/014107688507800207 SN - 01410768 (ISSN) AU - Wolkind, S.N. AU - Kruk, S. AD - Family Research Unit, London Hospital Medical College, London E1 2AD, United Kingdom AB - In a random sample of British-born women from a deprived inner London borough who were expecting their first baby, 31% were teenagers at the time they gave birth. The teenage mothers were compared with a group of older women randomly selected from the sample and both groups were followed up for 6½ years after the birth. The teenage mothers were more likely to have had a deprived background and to have experienced material disadvantage. Despite this, they and their children did as well as the older women on a wide variety of measures of physical and mental health. A comparison of the teenagers with another sample of women who did poorly (those who had been brought up in care) suggests that the lack of an adverse result amongst the teenagers was at least in part due to support from the womens' own mothers. © 1985, The Royal Society of Medicine. All rights reserved. KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - age KW - clinical article KW - female genital system KW - human KW - mother KW - normal human KW - pregnancy KW - priority journal KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Behavior KW - Family KW - Female KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Mothers KW - Parent-Child Relations KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy in Adolescence KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 3973868 LA - English N1 - References: Butler, N.R., Alberman, E., (1961) Perinatal problems. Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Livingstone London; Deutsch, H., (1945) The Psychology of Women, vol II: Motherhood, , Grune & Stratton New York; Furstenberg, F.F., (1976) Unplanned Parenthood. The Social Consequences of Teenage Childbearing, , The Free Press New York; (1981) Population Trends (Spring 1981), , HMSO London; Oppel, W.C., Royston, A.B., (1971) American Journal of Public Health, 61, pp. 751-756; Parkes, C.M., Stevenson-Hinde, J., (1982) The Place of Attachment in Human Behavior, , Basic Books New York; Phipps-Yonas, S., (1980) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 50, pp. 403-431; Quinton, D., Rutter, M., Rowlands, O., (1976) Psychological Medicine, 6, pp. 577-586; Richman, N., Graham, P., (1971) Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 12, pp. 5-33; Rutter, M.L., Cox, A., Tupling, C., Berger, M., Yule, W., (1975) British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, pp. 493-509; Shaffer, D., Pettigrew, A., Wolkind, S.N., Zajicek, E., (1978) Psychological Medicine, 8, pp. 119-130; Smith, S.M., Hanson, R., Noble, S., (1973) British Medical Journal, 2, p. 388; Wolkind, S.N., Wolkind, S.N., Zajicek, E., (1981) Pregnancy: A Psychological and Social Study, pp. 195-218. , Academic Press London; Wolkind, S.N., Hall, M.F., Pawlby, S., Graham, P., (1977) Epidemiological Approaches in Child Psychiatry, pp. 107-123. , Academic Press London; Wolkind, S.N., Kruk, S., Nicol, R., (1985) Practical Lessons from Longitudinal Studies, , Wiley London; Wolkind, S.N., Zajicek, E., (1981) Pregnancy: A Psychological and Social Study, , Academic Press London; Wolkind, S.N., Zajicek, E., Ghodsian, M., (1980) International Journal of Psychiatry, 1, pp. 167-181 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021989484&doi=10.1177%2f014107688507800207&partnerID=40&md5=685af2e8fbe2dfef5f2b76f9ef857e9f ER - TY - JOUR TI - PROGNOSIS FOR LOW‐BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS UP TO THE AGE OF 14: A POPULATION STUDY T2 - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology J2 - Dev. Med. Child Neurol. VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 655 EP - 663 PY - 1985 DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1985.tb14138.x SN - 00121622 (ISSN) AU - Rantakallio, P. AU - von Wendt, L. AD - Department of Public Health Science, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 46 E, Oulu, 90220, Finland AD - Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland AB - A birth cohort of 12,058 infants was followed up to 14 years of age. Cerebral palsy, epilepsy, severe hearing defects, mental retardation and educational subnormality all had a higher incidence among the 411 children with a low birthweight (<2500g). 6 per cent of the total cohort had educational problems with or without some other neurological handicap, and there was a higher prevalence among low‐birthweight infants. 1.5 per cent had a handicap but normal school performance. Children with birthweight 1500 to 2499g had a significantly higher percentage of handicaps than those of heavier birthweight. All the neurological handicaps were more common among boys than girls, but only in mental subnormality was there a marked difference. Height at 14 years was significantly less among low‐birthweight children. Devenir des nourrissons de faible poids de naissance jusqu'a 14 ans‐étude dune population Une cohorte de 12,058 enfants ont été suivis depuis la naissance jusqu'a L'ǎge de 14 ans. L'IMC, L'épilepsie, les défauts graves de I'audition, le retard mental et la sousnormalité dans les acquisitions éducatives presentaient tous une incidence plus elevee parmi les 411 enfants de faible poids de naissance (2500g). 6 pour cent de la cohorte totale ont présenté des problémes ďeducation avec ou sans autre handicap neurologique et la prévalence était plus élévee parmi les nourrissons de faible poids de naissance. 1.5 pour cent avait un handicap mais une réussite scolaire normale. Les enfants avec un poids de naissance compris entre 1500 et 2499g avaient un pourcentage significativement plus éléve de handicaps que les enfants plus lourds à la naissance. Tous les handicaps neurologiques étaient plus communs parmi les garçons que parmi les filles mais la différence n'etait marquée que dans la sous‐normalité mentale. La taille à 14 ans était significativement moindre chez les enfants de faible poids de naissance. Prognose für hypotrophe Neugeborene bis zum Alter von 14 Jahren‐eine stalistische Untersuchung 12,058 Neugeborene wurden bis zum 14. Lebensjahr kontrolliert. Bei den 411 Kindern mit niedrigem Geburtsgewicht (<2500g) war die Häufigkeit der Cerebralparese, der Epilepsie, schweren Hörfehler, geistigen Retardierung und Schulschwächen größer. Sechs Prozent aller Kinder hatten Schulprobleme mit oder ohne weitere neurologische Auffälligkeiten, wobei die hypotrophen Kinder besonders betroffen waren. 1.5 Prozent hatten eine Behinderung, aber normale Schulleistungen. Kinder mit einem Geburtsgewicht von 1500 bis 2499g hatten signifikant häufiger Behinderungen als die mit einem hoheren Geburtsgewicht. Alle neurologischen Befunde waren bei Jungen häufiger als bei Mädchen, einen deutlichen Unterschied gab es aber nur bei der geistigen Entwicklung. Hypotrophe Kinder waren im Alter von 14 Jahren signifikant kleiner. Pronóstico para los laclanles con bajo peso al nacer hasla los 14 años. Estudio de una poblacion Un grupo de 12,058 lactantes fue seguido desde el nacimiento hasta los 14 años de edad. La parálisis cerebral, la epilepsia, los defectos graves de la audicion, el retraso mental y la subnormalidad educacional tuvieron todos una alta incidencia en los 411 niños con bajo peso al nacer (menos de 25,0). 6 por ciento del grupo total tenfia problemas educacionales con o sin otros signos de minusvalencia neurológica, habiendo una mayor prevalencia entre los niños con bajo peso al nacer.1,5 por ciento tenian alguna minusvalencia pero una escolaridad normal. Los niños con un peso de nacimiento entre 1500 y 2499g tenían un porcentaje significativamente más alto de minusvalencias que los de un peso más alto. Todas las minusvalencias neurologicas eran más corrientes en varones que en hembras, pero la diferencia solo era marcada en la subnormalidad mental. La estatura era a los 14 años significativement menor en los niños con bajo peso al nacer. Copyright © 1985, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - academic achievement KW - auditory system KW - central nervous system KW - cerebral palsy KW - child KW - clinical article KW - diagnosis KW - epilepsy KW - hearing impairment KW - human KW - infant KW - low birth weight KW - mental deficiency KW - nervous system KW - priority journal KW - Aging KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Cerebral Palsy KW - Educational Measurement KW - Epilepsy KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Mental Retardation KW - Population Surveillance KW - Prognosis KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :45 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 4065438 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Rantakallio, P. N1 - References: Amnell, G., (1974) Morlalitel och kronisk morbidilet i barnaaldern. En kohortundersökning av ir 1955 födda Helsingforsbarn., , Helsinki:, Samfundet Folkhälsan; Blair, E., Stanley, F.J., An epidemiological study of cerebral palsy in Western Australia, 1956–1975. III: Postnatal aetiology (1982) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 24, pp. 575-585; Chiofalo, N., Kirschbaum, A., Fuentes, A., Cordero, M.L., Madsen, J., Prevalence of epilepsy in children of Melipilla, Chile (1979) Epilepsia, 20, pp. 261-266; Dale, A., Stanley, F.J., An epidemiological study of cerebral palsy in Western Australia, 1956–1975. II: Spastic cerebral palsy and perinatal factors (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 13-25; Davies, P.A., Infantsofvery low birth weight (1976) Recent Advances in Pediatrics–5., pp. 89-128. , Hull, D., Edinburgh:, Churchill Livingstone; Francis‐Williams, J., Davies, P.A., Very low birthweight and later intelligence (1974) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 16, pp. 709-728; Birthweight, gestation, neonatal mortality and child development (1976) The Biology of Human Fetal Growth., pp. 81-101. , Goldstein, H., Peckham, C., Roberts, D. F., Thompson, A. M., London:, Taylor a' Francis; Goodridge, D.M.G., Shorvon, S.D., Epileptic seizures in a population of 6000. I: Demography, diagnosis and classification, and role of the hospital services (1983) British Medical Journal, 287, pp. 641-647; Gustavson, K.H., Holmgren, G., Jonsell, R., Blomquist, Severe mental retardation in children in a Northern Swedish county (1977) Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 21, pp. 161-180; Hagberg, B., The epidemiological panorama of major neuropaediatric handicaps in Sweden (1978) Care of the Handicapped Child, pp. 111-124. , Apley, J.,. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 67. London:, S.I.M.P. with Heinemann Medical, : Philadelphia:, Lippincott; Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Lewerth, A., Lindberg, U., Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children. I: Prevalence (1981) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 70, pp. 441-444; Hagberg, B., Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children. II: Etiologic and pathogenetic aspects (1981) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica., 70, pp. 445-452; Hagberg, B., Olow, I., The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954–1970. I: Analysis of general changes (1975) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica., 64, pp. 187-192; Illingworth, R.S., (1966) The Development of the Infant and Young Child, Normal and Abnormal, , 3rd Edn,. Edinburgh:, E. & S. Livingstone; Kitchen, W.H., Rickards, A., Ryan, M.M., McDougall, A.B., Billson, F.A., Keir, E.H., Naylor, F.D., A longitudinal study of very low‐birthweight infants. II: Results of controlled trial of intensive care and incidence of handicaps (1979) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 21, pp. 582-589; Kitchen, W.H., Orgill, A., Rickards, A., Ryan, M.M., Lissenden, J.V., Keith, C.G., Yu, V.Y.H., Nave, J.R.M., Collaborative study of very‐low‐birthweight infants: outcome of two‐year‐old survivors (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 1457-1460; Lubchenco, L.O., Morbidity and mortality in neonatal ICU (1980) Follow‐up of the High Risk Newborn–A Practical Approach., pp. 3-13. , Sell, E. J., Springfield, III.:, C. C. Thomas; MacFarlane, J.A., Studies of cerebral palsy (1980) Perinatal Audit and Surveillance., pp. 173-187. , Chalmers, I., Mcllwaine, G., London:, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Epidemiology of cerebral palsy (1978) Advances in Neurology, 19, pp. 421-435; Pape, K.E., Buncic, R.J., Ashby, S., Fitzhardinge, P.M., The status at two years of low‐birth‐weight infants born in 1974 with birth weights of less than l,001gm (1978) Journal of Pediatrics, 2, pp. 253-260; Pharoah, P.O.D., Epidemiology of cerebral palsy: a review (1981) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 74, pp. 516-520; Rantakallio, P., (1969), pp. 1-71. , ‘Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica; Rantakallio, P., The assessment ofsmall‐for‐dates infants and associated socio‐biological factors (1973) Annals of Chirurgiae et Gvnaecologiae Fenniae, 62, pp. 1-47; Rantakallio, P., Relationship of maternal smoking to morbidity and mortality of the child up to the age of five (1978) A cta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 67, pp. 621-631; Rantakallio, P., A follow‐up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1983) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 72, pp. 747-753; Rantakallio, P., Mäkinen, H., Number of teeth at the age of one year in relation to maternal smoking (1984) Annals of Human Biology, 11, pp. 45-52; Rantakallio, P., von Wendt, L., (1985), ‘Mental retardation and subnormality in a birth cohort of 12, 000 children in Northern Finland, a prospective study.’ (In press); Rawlings, G., Reynolds, E.O.R., Stewart, A., Strang, L.B., Changing prognosis for infants of very low birth weight (1971) Lancet, 1, pp. 516-519; Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N., Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 280, pp. 207-210; Stanley, F.J., An epidemiological study of cerebral palsy in Western Australia, 1956–1975: I: changes in total incidence of cerebral palsy and associated factors (1979) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 21, pp. 701-713; Stewart, A.L., Reynolds, E.O.R., Improved prognosis for infants of very low birthweight (1974) Pediatrics, 54, pp. 724-735; Stewart, A.L., Lipscomb, A.P., Outcome for infants of very low birthweight: survey of world literature (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 1038-1041; Stewart, A.L., Turcan, D., Rawlings, G., Hart, S., Gregory, S., Outcome for infants at high risk of major handicap (1978) Major Mental Handicap: Methods and Costs of Prevention, pp. 151-171. , Ciba Foundation Symposium, New Series, No. 59. Amsterdam:, Elsevier; Thompson, T., Reynolds, J., The results of intensive care therapies for neonates. I: Overall neonatal mortality rates. II: Neonatal mortality rates and long‐term prognosis for low birth weight neonates (1977) Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 5, pp. 59-75; von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Saukkonen, A.L., Tuisku, M., Mäkinen, H., (1985), ‘Cerebral palsy and additional handicaps in a one‐year birth cohort from Northern Finland–a prospective study to the age of 14 years.’ (In press); von Wendt, L., Makinen, H., (1985), ‘Epilepsy and associated handicaps in a one‐year‐birth cohort in Northern Finland.’ (In press)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022410462&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1985.tb14138.x&partnerID=40&md5=5578285b9f14de101d4cc35be5d9670a ER - TY - JOUR TI - CHANGES IN THE REPORTED PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD ECZEMA SINCE THE 1939-45 WAR T2 - The Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 324 IS - 8414 SP - 1255 EP - 1257 PY - 1984 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92805-8 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Taylor, B. AU - Wadsworth, M. AU - Wadsworth, J. AU - Peckham, C. AD - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; Department of Community Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdon AD - Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, University of Bristol; and Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdon AB - Rates of reported eczema during early childhood were studied in 3 national cohorts of children born in 1946, 1958, and 1970. Overall rates rose from 5·1% in children born in 1946, to 7·3% in those born in 1958, to 12·2% in the 1970 cohort. In the 1958 and 1970 cohorts there was a positive association between eczema and breastfeeding. This relationship remained significant after allowing for parental history of allergy and socioeconomic status. Social classes I and II children born in 1946 were less likely to be reported as having eczema, compared with children from lower social classes, whereas children born into higher social classes in 1958 and 1970 had higher rates. These findings may reflect secular changes in the diagnosis of eczema or may represent a real increase in the disorder. The positive association with breastfeeding in the more recent cohorts suggests a new environmental agent may be crossing in breast-milk. The agent(s) may well be in other infant foods, since the rate of reported eczema in non-breastfed children rose from 5·7% in the 1946 and 1958 cohorts to 11·1% of children born in 1970. © 1984. KW - breast KW - breast feeding KW - child KW - childhood KW - clinical article KW - diagnosis KW - economic aspect KW - eczema KW - human KW - nutrition KW - prevalence KW - priority journal KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Breast Feeding KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Comparative Study KW - Eczema KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Questionnaires KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :269 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 6150286 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Taylor, B. N1 - References: Taylor, Wadsworth, Golding, Butler, Breast feeding, eczema, asthma, and hayfever (1983) J Epidemiol Community Health, 37, pp. 95-99; Kramer, Moroz, Do breast feeding and delayed introduction to solid foods protect against subsequent atopic eczema (1981) J Pediatr, 98, pp. 546-550; Gordon, Noble, Ward, Allen, Immunoglobin E and the eczema/asthma syndrome in early childhood (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 72-74; Cogswell, Alexander, Breast feeding and eczema/asthma (1982) Lancet, 1, p. 910; Joint Committee, (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Atkins, Cherry, Douglas, Kiernan, Wadsworth, The 1946 British Birth Survey: An account ofthe origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) An empirical basis for primary prevention: Prospective longitudinal research in Europe, pp. 25-30. , Sa Mednick, Ae Baert, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Butler, Bonham, (1963) Perinatal mortality, , E and S Livingstone, Edinburgh; Butler, Alberman, (1969) Perinatal problems, , E and S Livingstone, Edinburgh; Fogelman, Wedge, The National Child Development Study (1981) An empirical basis for primary prevention: Prospective longitudinal research in Europe, pp. 30-43. , Sa Mednick, Ae Baert, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Taylor, Wadsworth, Butler, Teenage mothering, admission to hospital, and accidents during the first 5 years (1983) Arch Dis Child, 58, pp. 6-11; Chamberlain, Phillip, Howlett, Masters, (1975) British births 1970: Vol 1, The first week of life, , Heinemann, London; Chamberlain, Phillip, Howlett, Masters, (1978) British births 1970: Vol 2, Obstetric care, , Heinemann, London; Everitt, (1977) The analysis of contingency tables, , Chapman and Hall, London; Baker, Nelder, (1977) Generalised interactive modelling system, , Royal Statistical Society, London; Walker, Warin, The incidence of eczema in early childhood (1956) Br J Dermatol, 68, pp. 182-183; Arbeiter, How prevalent is allergy among United States school children (1967) Clin Pediatr, 6, pp. 140-142; Turner, Rosman, O'Mahony, Prevalence and family association of atopic disease and its relationship to serum IgE levels in 1061 school children and their families (1974) Int Arch Allergy, 47, pp. 650-664; Kjellman, Atopic disease in seven year old children (1977) Acta Paediatrica, 66, pp. 465-471; Fergusson, Horwood, Beatrais, Shannon, Taylor, Eczema and infant diet (1981) Clin Allergy, 11, pp. 325-331; Wadsworth, Social class and generation differences in pre-school education (1981) The British Journal of Sociology, 32, pp. 560-582; King, (1937) Feeding and care of baby, , Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, 200; Liddiard, (1944) The mothercraft manual, , Churchill, London, 160; Spock, (1955) Baby and child care, , Bodley Head, London, 374; Golding, Butler, Taylor, Breastfeeding and eczema/asthma (1982) Lancet, 1, p. 623; Talbot, Eczema in childhood (1918) Med Clin N Amer, 1, pp. 985-996; Shannon, Demonstration of food proteins in breast milk by anaphylactic experiments in guinea pigs (1921) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 22, pp. 223-231; Gerrard, Allergy in breast-fed babies to ingredients in breast milk (1979) Ann Allergy, 42, pp. 69-72; Warner, Food allergy in fully breast-fed infants (1980) Clin Allergy, 10, pp. 133-136; Hofvander, Hagman, Linder, Vaz, Slorach, WHO collaborative breastfeeding study I. Organochlorine contaminants in individual samples of Swedish human milk, 1978-1979 (1981) Acta Paediatr Scand, 70, pp. 3-8 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021709228&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2884%2992805-8&partnerID=40&md5=2e34c115fc8e24ff8787d2c64b5b5f3d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality surveys T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - BR. MED. J. VL - 289 IS - 6457 SP - 1473 EP - 1474 PY - 1984 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Macfarlane, A. AD - National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom KW - etiology KW - fatality KW - human KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - priority journal KW - survey KW - therapy KW - Data Collection KW - Death Certificates KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn N1 - Cited By :6 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Editorial DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 6439277 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021680049&partnerID=40&md5=348fb4abc36ca486475fd647ebfdf12e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human assortative mating for height: Non-linearity and heteroscedasticity T2 - Human Biology J2 - HUM. BIOL. VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - 617 EP - 623 PY - 1984 SN - 00187143 (ISSN) AU - McManus, I.C. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Physiology, Bedford College, University of London, London, United Kingdom AB - Positive assortative mating for stature is widely reported to occur in most Western societies. In this paper we analysed data collected by the National Child Development Study as part of their longitudinal survey of British children and their families. The reported heights of 12,994 husband and wife pairs produced a simple correlation of +0.258. However, further analyses indicated that the relationship between husband's height and wife's height is non-linear for the complete range of statures, indeed in the case of women at the upper extreme (>1.80 meters) there is evidence of negative assortative mating. KW - assortative mating KW - body height KW - clinical article KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - heredity KW - human KW - normal human KW - normal value KW - priority journal KW - Anthropology, Cultural KW - Body Height KW - Female KW - Human KW - Male KW - Marriage N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: HUBIA C2 - 6530216 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021680716&partnerID=40&md5=573376cad9322954a469488022f9e66d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality surveys in an African teaching hospital: II. The influence of clinico-pathologic and other factors on perinatal deaths T2 - East African Medical Journal J2 - EAST AFR. MED. J. VL - 61 IS - 10 SP - 778 EP - 786 PY - 1984 SN - 0012835X (ISSN) AU - Adewunmi, O.A. AU - Dawodu, A.H. AU - Marinho, A.O. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria KW - antepartum bleeding KW - clinical article KW - economic aspect KW - education KW - epidemiology KW - fatality KW - fetus KW - geographic distribution KW - health education KW - human KW - maternal care KW - newborn KW - organization and management KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - social aspect KW - stillbirth KW - Emergencies KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Hospitals, Teaching KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Nigeria KW - Pregnancy N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EAMJA C2 - 6535697 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021673925&partnerID=40&md5=50db857bd4051c8ca64e3005b07d5a59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality surveys in an African teaching hospital: I. The past and present statistics T2 - East African Medical Journal J2 - EAST AFR. MED. J. VL - 61 IS - 9 SP - 687 EP - 695 PY - 1984 SN - 0012835X (ISSN) AU - Dawodu, A.H. AU - Adewunmi, O.A. AU - Marinho, A.O. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria AB - A one-year prospective survey of perinatal mortality at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, revealed a higher perinatal loss (247 per 1000) among emergency than booked patients (39 per 1000). A high incidence of LBW among the babies also contributed significantly to the high PNMR. Comparison of the present survey with a previous one conducted about two decades ago revealed a marked reduction in the PNMR among booked patients but no change in the high PNMR among the emergency patients. The factors responsible for the improvement in PNMR among booked patients during the two surveys are discussed. It is suggested that there is an urgent need to study the socio-cultural and obstetric factors responsible for the high perinatal loss among unbooked patients admitted as emergency. KW - africa KW - case report KW - classification KW - diagnosis KW - epidemiology KW - fatality KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - infant KW - newborn KW - nigeria KW - perinatal care KW - perinatal mortality KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Nigeria KW - Pregnancy KW - Prospective Studies N1 - Cited By :5 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: EAMJA C2 - 6535722 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021703727&partnerID=40&md5=952e0f8c578350bdaadb09af222044f6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - APPARENT DOUBLING OF FREQUENCY OF UNDESCENDED TESTIS IN ENGLAND AND WALES IN 1962-81 T2 - The Lancet J2 - Lancet VL - 324 IS - 8398 SP - 330 EP - 332 PY - 1984 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92697-7 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) AU - Chilvers, C. AU - Forman, D. AU - Pike, M.C. AU - Fogelman, K. AU - Wadsworth, M.E.J. AD - Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom AD - Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Children's Bureau London, United Kingdon, Oxford AD - Medical Research Council's National Survey of Health and Development Bristol, United Kingdom AB - Examination of Hospital Inpatient Enquiry data for England and Wales for the years 1962-81 shows that the annual number of discharges with a diagnosis of undescended testicle has risen by a factor of 2·3. Cohort analysis suggests that the cumulative rate to age 15 of discharge for undescended testis has risen from 1·4% for the 1952 birth-cohort to 2·9% for the 1977 birth-cohort. Whether this is a reflection of an increase in true cryptorchidism is not known. Changes in known risk factors for cryptorchidism-exogenous oestrogen exposure, being first-born, and low birth-weight-cannot fully account for the apparent increase. With the tendency to carry out orchidopexies on apparently undescended testes at younger ages in order to preserve fertility, it is possible that a considerable number of boys with retractile testes that would have descended naturally at puberty are now being operated upon. © 1984. KW - classification KW - congenital disorder KW - cryptorchism KW - diagnosis KW - human KW - male genital system KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Cryptorchidism KW - England KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Wales N1 - Cited By :174 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: LANCA C2 - 6146873 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Chilvers, C.; Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom N1 - References: Swerdlow, Wood, Smith, A case-control study of the aetiology of cryptorchidism (1983) J Epidemiol Community Health, 37, pp. 238-244; Scorer, The descent of the testis (1964) Arch Dis Child, 39, pp. 605-609; Mengel, Zimmerman, Hecker, Timing of repair for undescended testes (1981) The undescended testis., pp. 170-183. , Ew Fonkalsrud, W. Mengel, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, London; Spitz, Maldescent of the testis (1983) Arch Dis Child, 58, pp. 847-848; Department of Health and Social Security, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Welsh Office, (1977) Hospital inpatient enquiry, , HM Stationery Office, London, Series MB4: No 1 et seq; Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, (1984) Final mid-1981 and revised mid-1961 to mid-1980 population estimates for England and Wales, , OPCS Monitor PP1 84/1. London; Case, Cohort analysis of mortality rates as an historical or narrative technique (1956) Br J Prev Soc Med, 10, pp. 159-171; Atkins, Cherry, Douglas, Kiernan, Wadsworth, The 1946 British birth cohort survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the national survey of health and development (1980) An empirical basis for primary prevention: Prospective longitudinal research in Europe., , Sa Mednick, Ae Baert, Oxford University Press, London; Fogelman, (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the national child development study., , MacMillan, London; Fraser, Robinson, Ashley, The patterns of disease in hospital, 1968-1978 (1983) Health Trends, 15, pp. 1-6; Ward, Hunter, The absent testicle A report on a survey carried out among schoolboys in Nottingham (1960) BMJ, 1, pp. 1110-1111; RH. Depue, Maternal and gestational factors affecting the risk of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia, Int J Epidermiol, (in press)); Rothman, Louik, Oral contraceptives and birth defects (1978) N Engl J Med, 299, pp. 522-524; General Register Office, (1964) The registrar general's statistical review of England and Wales 1962 et seq part II, , HM Stationery Office, London; Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, (1978) Birth Statistics, , HM Stationery Office, London, Series FM1 no 2 (no 8) (1984); Macfarlane, Mugford, (1984) Birth counts, statistics of pregnancy and childbirth, , HM Stationery Office, London; Pharoah, Alberman, Mortality of low birthweight infants in England and Wales 1953 to 1979 (1981) Arch Dis Child, 56, pp. 86-89; Davies, Testicular cancer in England and Wales: some epidemiological aspects (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 928-932; Depue, Pike, Henderson, Estrogen exposure during gestation and risk of testicular cancer (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 71, pp. 1151-1155; Martin, Malignancy and the undescended testis (1981) The undescended testis., pp. 144-156. , Ew Fonkalsrud, W. Mengel, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021220065&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2884%2992697-7&partnerID=40&md5=6355527bab2c5b9b234df285b1829254 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The secular trend in the height of primary school children in England and Scotland from 1972-1980 T2 - Annals of Human Biology J2 - Ann. Hum. Biol. VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 16 PY - 1984 DO - 10.1080/03014468400006841 SN - 03014460 (ISSN) AU - Chinn, S. AU - Rona, R.J. AD - Department of Community Medicine, United Medical School of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom AB - Data from 29 230 children in 22 areas in England and 6 in Scotland were used to estimate the secular trend in height of primary school children over the period 1972-1980. The children were from 15 birth cohorts, born 1961-1975. The method of analysis was selected in order to give estimates from mixed longitudinal data, in which the number of measurements differed from cohort to cohort and children with incomplete data could not be assumed to be comparable to those measured at every age. When the overall goodness-of-fit to height data of polynomials in age was examined, for children measured on 7 or 8 occasions, it was found that cubic polynomials were necessary to describe the growth of boys and girls over the age range 5·0 to 11·0 years, but that cubic and quadratic coefficients could not be interpreted for individual children. No evidence of a mid-growth spurt in height was found. Models fitted to mean heights showed that there was a secular trend of increasing height over the period studied, which was greater when estimated at age eight years than at age five. At age 8 the trend was greatest in Scottish boys, 1·5 cm per decade, and least in English girls, 0·5 cm per decade. The data do not distinguish between a trend due to earlier maturation and a trend resulting in increased adult height; further data will show whether the lack of positive trend at age five estimated from the later cohorts was due to a recent cessation of secular trend. © 1984 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - body weight KW - child development KW - growth KW - human KW - major clinical study KW - normal human KW - normal value KW - school child KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Comparative Study KW - England KW - Female KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Scotland KW - Statistics KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :22 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AHUBB C2 - 6703640 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Chinn, S.; Department of Community Medicine, United Medical School of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom N1 - References: Altman, D.G., Cook, J., A nutritional surveillance study (1973) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 66, pp. 646-647; Berkey, C.S., Reed, R.B., Valadian, I., Midgrowth spurt in height of Boston children (1983) Annals of Human Biology, 10, pp. 25-30; Cameron, N., The growth of London school children 1904–1966: an analysis of secular trend and inter-county variation (1979) Annals of Human Biology, 6, pp. 505-525; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, pp. 49-50. , Longman, London; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children: results from The National Child Development Study (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Goldstein, H., Age, period and cohort effect: a confounded confusion (1979) BIAS, 6, pp. 19-24; Healy, M.J.R., Some problems of repeated measurements (1981) Perspectives in Medical Statistics Proceedings of the European Symposium on Medical Statistics, Rome, September 1980, pp. 155-171. , Eds. J.F. Bithell, R. Coppi. Academic Press, London In; Irwig, L.M., Surveillance in developed countries with particular reference to child growth (1976) International Journal of Epidemiology, 5, pp. 57-61; Israelsohn, W.J., Description and modes of analysis of human growth (1960) Human Growth. Symposia of the Society for the Study of Human Biology, pp. 21-42. , Pergamon Press, New York III; Marubini, E., Mathematical handling of long-term longitudinal data (1979) Human Growth, pp. 209-225. , Eds. F. Falkner, J.M. Tanner. Plenum, New York In; Meredith, H.V., Findings from Asia, Australia, Europe and North America on secular change in mean height of children, youths and young adults (1976) American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 44, pp. 315-326; Molinari, L., Largo, R.H., Prader, A., Analysis of the growth spurt at age seven (mid-growth spurt) (1980) Helvetica Paediatrica Acta, 35, pp. 325-334; Patterson, H.D., Sampling on successive occasions with partial replacement of units (1950) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 12, pp. 241-255; Roberts, D.F., Race, genetics and growth (1969) Journal of Biosocial Science, 1, pp. 43-67; Rona, R.J., Altman, D.G., National Study of Health and Growth: Standards of attained height, weight and triceps skinfold in English children 5 to 11 years old (1977) Annals of Human Biology, 4, pp. 501-523; Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Nutrition and Social Circumstances of primary school children (1982) Nutrition and Health. A Perspective. Proceedings of the British Nutrition Foundation Third Annual Conference 1981, pp. 197-210. , Ed. M.R. Turner. MTP, London In; Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary school children (1977) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; Scott, J.A., Report on the height and weights (and other measurements) of school pupils in the County of London in 1959 (1961) L.C.C. Annual Report of the Medical Officer, (4086); Tanner, J.M., Earlier maturation in man (1968) Scientific American, 218 (1), pp. 21-27; Tanner, J.M., Trend towards earlier menarche in London, Oslo, Copenhagen, The Netherlands and Hungary (1973) Nature, 243, pp. 95-96; Tanner, J.M., Cameron, N., Investigation of the mid-growth spurt in height, weight and limb circumferences in single-year velocity data from the London 1966–67 growth survey (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 565-577; Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Takaishi, M., Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children 1965 (1966) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 41, pp. 454-471; van Wieringen, J.C., Secular growth changes (1979) Human Growth, pp. 445-473. , Eds. F. Falkner, J.M. Tanner. Plenum, New York In; van Wieringen, J.C., Roede, M.J., Main results of the third nation-wide survey on height, height and sexual maturation characteristics in the Netherlands (1982) Presented at the 3rd International Congress of Auxology, , BrusselsBelgium; van't Hof, M.A., Roede, M.J., Kowalski, C.J., A mixed longitudinal data analysis model (1977) Human Biology, 49, pp. 165-179; Weiner, J.S., Lourie, J.A., Human Biology, A Guide to Field Methods (1969) International Biological Programme Handbook, , Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford No. 9; Woolson, R.F., Leeper, J.D., Clarke, W.R., Analysis of incomplete data from longitudinal and mixed longitudinal studies (1978) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A, 141, pp. 242-252 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021342407&doi=10.1080%2f03014468400006841&partnerID=40&md5=a7f819676a82cd3f378934c52e8a06f7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A longitudinal study of the intelligence and behavior of preterm and small for gestational age children T2 - Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics J2 - J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 5 PY - 1984 SN - 0196206X (ISSN) AU - Silva, P.A. AU - McGee, R.O. AU - Williams, S. AD - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand AB - ABSTRACT. A large sample of children (n = 850) from Dunedin, New Zealand, were classified into three groups, preterm (n = 31), small for gestational age (SGA; n = 71), and full-term, normal birth weight (n = 748). These groups were compared on intelligence measures taken at ages 3, 5, 7, and 9 years of age and parent and teacher behavior reports at 5, 7, and 9 years. The SGA group but not the preterm group had significantly lower IQ scores than the normal birth weight children. In addition, the mothers of the SGA children reported more behavior problems. These differences were not attributable to socioeconomic disadvantage in the SGA group. The results suggest “it is better to be born too early than too small.”. © 1984 by Williams & Wilkins Co. KW - behavior KW - central nervous system KW - child KW - child development KW - clinical article KW - dysmaturity KW - human KW - intelligence KW - low birth weight KW - prematurity KW - Birth Weight KW - Child KW - Child Behavior Disorders KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infant, Premature KW - Infant, Small for Gestational Age KW - Intelligence KW - Learning Disorders KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :36 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 6699178 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Silva, P.A.; The Dunedin Multidisci-plinary Health, Development Research Unit, Child Health Medical School, Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand N1 - References: Knobloch, H., Pasamanick, B., Prospective studies on the epidemiology of reproductive casualty: Methods, findings and some implications (1966) Merrill-Palmer Q, 12, pp. 27-43; Pasamanick, B., Knobloch, H., Brain damage and reproductive casuality (1960) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 30, pp. 298-305; Benton, A.L., Mental development of prematurely born children (1940) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 10, pp. 719-746; Wiener, G., Psychological correlates of premature birth. A review (1960) J Nerv Ment Dis, 124, pp. 129-144; Caputo, D.V., Mandell, W., Consequences of low birth weight (1970) Dev Psychol, 3, pp. 363-383; Dawkins, M., McGregor, W.G., (1965) Gestational Age, Size and Maturity. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 19, , London, Hei-nemann Medical Books; World Health Organization Technical Report Series No. 217, (1961) Public Health Aspects of Low Birth Weight. 3rd Report of the Expert Committee on Maternal and Child Care, , Geneva, WHO; Lubchenco, L.O., Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M., Searls, D., Long-term follow-up studies of prematurely born infants. II. Influence of birth weight and gestational age on sequelae (1972) J Pediatr, 80, pp. 509-512; Barker, D.J.P., Edwards, J.H., Obstetric complications and school performance (1967) Br Med J, 3, pp. 695-699; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report from the National Child Development Study, , London, Longman Group; Wiener, G., The relationship of birth weight and length of gestation to intellectual development at ages 8-10 years (1970) J Pediatr, 76, pp. 694-699; Lubchenco, L.O., Horner, F.A., Reed, L.H., Sequelae of prema-ture birth (1963) Am J Dis Child, 106, pp. 101-115; Eaves, L.C., Nuttall, J.C., Klonoff, H., Developmental and psychological test scores in children of low birth weight (1970) Pediatrics, 45, pp. 9-20; Neligan, G.A., The clinical effect of being “light for dates (1967) Proc R Soc Med, 60, pp. 881-883; Parmalee, A.H., Schulte, F.J., Developmental testing of preterm and small-for-date infants (1970) Pediatrics, 45, pp. 21-28; Douglas, J.W.B., Premature” children at primary schools (1960) Br Med J, 1, pp. 1008-1013; Fitzhardinge, P.M., Stevens, E.M., The small-for-date infant. II. Neurological and intellectual sequelae (1972) Pediatrics, 50, pp. 50-57; Matheny, A.P., Brown, A.M., The behaviour of twins: Effects of birth weight and birth sequence (1971) Child Dev, 42, pp. 251-257; Babson, S.G., Kangas, J., Young, N., Growth and development of twins of dissimilar size at birth (1964) Pediatrics, 33, pp. 327-333; Churchill, J.A., The relationship between intelligence and birthweight in twins (1965) Neurology, 15, pp. 341-347; Willerman, L., Churchill, J.A., Intelligence and birth weight in identical twins (1967) Child Dev, 38, pp. 623-629; Neligan, G.A., Kolvin, I., Scott, P.McI., (1976) Born Too Soon or Bom Too Small: A Follow Up Study to Seven Years of Age, , London, Spastics International Medical Publications, Heinemann; Silva, P.A., The prevalence stability and significance of developmental language delays in preschool children (1980) Dev Med Child Neurol, 22, pp. 768-777; Silva, P.A., Ross, B., Gross motor development and delays in development in early childhood: Assessment and significance (1980) J Hum Movement Stud, 6, pp. 211-226; McGee, R.O., Silva, P.A., (1982) A Thousand New Zealand Children: Their Health and Development from Birth to Seven, , Special Series Report, No. 8. Auckland, NZ, Medical Research Council; Buckfield, P.M., Perinatal events in the Dunedin City population 1967-73 (1978) NZ Med J, 88, pp. 244-246; Elley, W.B., Irving, J.C., A socio-economic index for New Zealand based on levels of education and income from the 1966 Census (1972) NZ J Educ Stud, 7, pp. 153-167; Thurstone, L.L., Thurstone, T.G., (1973) The SRA Verbal and Non Verbal Forms, , Chicago, Science Research Associates; Dunn, L., (1965) The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, , Minneapolis, American Guidance Service; Terman, L.M., Merrill, M.R., (1960) Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale, , Boston, Houghton Mifflin; Wechsler, D., (1974) The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised, , New York, The Psychological Corporation; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London, Longmans; Bock, R.D., (1975) Multivariate Statistical Methods in Behavioural Research, , New York, McGraw Hill; Hull, C.H., Nie, N.H., (1979) SPSS Update, , New York, McGraw Hill; Harris, R.J., (1975) A Primer of Multivariate Statistics, , New York, Academic Press; Hack, M., Fanaroff, A.A., Merkatz, I.R., The low birth weight infant- evolution of a changing outlook (1979) N Engl J Med, 301, pp. 1162-1165 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021328453&partnerID=40&md5=b0aced33934d429eca76188b111603c5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The development of smoking during adolescence - the MRC/derbyshire smoking study T2 - International Journal of Epidemiology J2 - Int. J. Epidemiol. VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 185 EP - 192 PY - 1983 DO - 10.1093/ije/12.2.185 SN - 03005771 (ISSN) AU - Murray, M. AU - Swan, A.V. AU - Bewley, B.R. AU - Johnson, M.R.D. AD - Department of Community Medicine, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom AD - Department of Community Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC 1E 7HT, United Kingdom AD - SSRC, Research Unit on Ethnic Relations, University of Aston, Birmingham B8 3TE, United Kingdom AB - Each year from 1974, when they entered secondary school, to 1978, when they reached school-leaving age, a cohort of over 6000 schoolchildren from Derbyshire, England, answered a questionnaire about their own and their family's smoking practices and their social activities. Their replies revealed a steady increase in the prevalence of smoking during adolescence. Those children who in 1974 smoked, had friends of the opposite sex, were highly involved in social activities, experienced peer pressure to smoke and rejected the health hazards of smoking were more likely to be regular smokers in 1978 than were other children. Similarly, those children who, when aged 11-12 years, had parents or siblings who smoked, had friends of the opposite sex, and were highly involved in social activities increased their smoking rapidly in subsequent years. Sex and social class differences in the strength of these associations suggest that an understanding of the development of smoking during adolescence requires knowledge of the particular character of the social relationships among different subgroups of that age-group and the various meanings of smoking to them. © 1983 Oxford University Press. KW - adolescence KW - adolescent KW - human KW - normal human KW - normal value KW - prevalence KW - smoking KW - social behavior KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - England KW - Female KW - Human KW - Male KW - Peer Group KW - Questionnaires KW - Smoking KW - Social Behavior KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :49 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: IJEPB C2 - 6874214 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Murray, M.; Department of Community Medicine, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom N1 - References: (1977) Smoking Or Health, , Tunbridge Wells, Pitman Medical; Banks, M.H., Bewley, B.R., Bland, J.M., Dean, J.R., Pollard, V., Long-term study of smoking by secondary schoolchildren (1978) Arch Dis Child, 53, pp. 12-19; Bynner, J.M., (1969) The Young Smoker, , London, HMSO; McKennell, A.C., Thomas, R.K., (1967) Adults’ and Adolescents’ Smoking Habits and Attitudes, , London, HMSO; Murray, M., Swan, A.V., Johnson, M.R.D., Bewley, B.R., Some factors associated with increased risk of smoking by children (1983) J Child Psychol Psychiat, 24; Baker, R.T., Nelder, J.A., (1978) The GLIM Manual for System 3, , Oxford: Numerical Algorithms Group; Rawbone, R.G., Keeling, C.A., Jenkins, A., Guz, A., Cigarette smoking among secondary schoolchildren in 1975: Its prevalence and some of the factors that promote smoking (1979) Health Educ J, 38, pp. 92-99; Revill, J., Drury, C.G., An assessment of the incidence of cigarette smoking in fourth year schoolchildren and the factors leading to its establishment (1980) Publ hlth Lond, 94, pp. 243-260; Pearson, R., Richardson, K., The smoking habits of 16 year olds in the National Child Development Study (1978) Publ Hlth Lond, 92, pp. 136-144; Baric, L., McArthur, C., Fisher, C., Norms, attitudes and smoking behaviour amongst Manchester students (1978) Health Educ J, 35, pp. 142-150; Murray, M., Cracknell, A., Adolescents views on smoking (1980) J Psychosom Res, 24, pp. 243-251; Bewley, B.R., Bland, J.M., The Child’s image of a young smoker (1978) Health Educ J, 37, pp. 236-241; Jacobson, B., (1979) The Ladykillers, , London, Pluto; Aitken, P.P., Peer group pressures, parental controls and cigarette smoking among 10 to 14 year olds (1980) Br J Soc Clin Psychol, 19, pp. 141-146; Clarke, J., Hall, S., Jefferson, T., Roberts, B., Subcultures, cultures and class (1976) Resistance through Rituals, , Hall S, Jefferson T, London, Hutchinson; Corrigan, P., (1979) Schooling the Smash Street Kids, , London, Macmillan; Banks, M.H., Bewley, B.R., Bland, J.M., Adolescent attitudes to smoking: Their influence on behaviour (1981) Inter J Health Educ, 24, pp. 39-44 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020960021&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f12.2.185&partnerID=40&md5=e75e8a1e0fe0779c7079b90157eb5e57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality survey: Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, 1979 T2 - Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand J2 - J. MED. ASSOC. THAILAND VL - 66 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 98 PY - 1983 SN - 01252208 (ISSN) AU - Toongsuwan, S. AU - Suvonnakote, T. AD - Dep. Obstet. Gynaecol., Fac. Med., Siriraj Hosp., Mahidol Univ., Bangkok 10700, Thailand KW - epidemiology KW - fatality KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - prevention KW - thailand KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Thailand N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JMTHB C2 - 6854174 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020501950&partnerID=40&md5=8a1dc89b2d65d41a9f56331db4796e4c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biosocial Correlates of Cognitive Abilities T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 289 EP - 306 PY - 1983 DO - 10.1017/S0021932000014632 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - McManus, I.C. AU - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N. AD - Department of Psychology, Bedford College and Department of Psychiatry, St Mary's Hospital, University of London, United Kingdom AD - Department of Physical Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom AB - The children in the cohort followed by the National Child Development Study were tested for cognitive ability at the age of eleven, and the influence of a number of biological and social variables was sought on the results of tests of reading, mathematics, verbal and non-verbal abilities. Reading relates strongly to social class, birth order and parental age, suggesting strong social influences upon it, but it is also related to height and acquired myopia, suggesting biological influences. Mathematics ability relates to social class and parental age, but not to birth order, but its relationship with height, birthweight and maternal smoking suggests biological effects. Verbal ability and non-verbal ability have relatively few correlates apart from sex and region. It appears that different cognitive abilities show different relationships to social, biological and personal variables. © 1983, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. KW - central nervous system KW - child development KW - clinical article KW - cognition KW - etiology KW - human KW - mathematics KW - normal human KW - psychological aspect KW - reading KW - school child KW - socioeconomics KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Cognition KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Male KW - Social Environment N1 - Cited By :29 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 6885850 LA - English N1 - References: ADAMS, B., GHODSIAN, M., RICHARDSON, K., Evidence for a low upper limit of heritability of mental test performance in a national sample of twins (1976) Nature, Lond., 263, p. 314; ANNETT, M., TURNER, A., Laterality and the growth of intellectual abilities (1974) Br. J. educ. Psychol., 44, p. 37; BUTLER, N.R., ALBERMAN, E.D., Perinatal Problems (1969), Livingstone, Edinburgh; BUTLER, N.R., BONHAM, D.G., Perinatal Mortality. (1963), Livingstone, Edinburgh; CORBALLIS, M.C., BEALE, I.L., The Psychology of Left and Right. (1976), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ; EYSENCK, H.J., Smoking, Health and Personality. (1965), Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London; FIRKOWSKA, A., OSTROWSKA, A., SOKOLOWSKA, M., STEIN, Z., SUSSER, M., WILD, I., , 200. , Cognitive development and social policy. Science, N.Y; FOGELMAN, K., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent development of the child (1980) Child Care, Hlth & Dev., 6, p. 233; FOGELMAN, K., GOLDSTEIN, H., ESSEN, J., GHODSIAN, M., Patterns of attainment (1978) Educ. Stud., 4, p. 121; GIBSON, J.B., HARRISON, G.A., CLARKE, V.A., HIORNS, R.W., IQ and ABO blood groups (1973) Nature, Lond., 246, p. 498; GUTTMAN, L., Image theory for the structure of quantitative variates (1953) Psychometrika, 18, p. 277; HARMAN, H.H., Modern Factor Analysis. (1916), 3rd edn. University of Chicago Press, Chicago; HARDYCK, C., PETRINOVICH, L.F., GOLDMAN, R.D., Left-handedness and cognitive deficit (1976) Cortex, 12, p. 266; HIGGINS, E.T., (1976) Psychol. Bull., 83, p. 695. , Social class differences in verbal communicative accuracy: a question of which question?; HURR, C., Males and Females. (1972), Penguin, Harmondsworth; KARLSSON, J.L., Genetic relationship between giftedness and myopia (1973) Her edit as, 73, p. 85; LYNN, R., The social ecology of intelligence in the British Isles (1979) Br. J. soc. clin. Psychol., 18, p. 1; LYNN, R., The geographical distribution of intelligence in the British Isles (1979) Eugen. Soc. Bull., 2, p. 78; MACCOBY, E.E., JACKLIN, C.J., The Psychology of Sex Differences. (1975), Oxford University Press, London; MCMANUS, I.C., Handedness and birth stress (1981) Psychol. Med., 11, p. 485; PECKHAM, C.S., GARDINER, P.A., GOLDSTEIN, H., Acquired myopia in 11-year-old children. (1977) Br. med. J., 1, p. 542; ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS (1977), Smoking or Health. Pitman, London; RUTTER, M., MADGE, N., Cycles of Disadvantage. (1976), Heinemann, London; TANNER, J.M., Growth at Adolescence. (1962), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford; VERNON, P.E., Intelligence: Heredity and Environment. (1979), Freeman, San Francisco; ZAJONC, R.B., MARKUS, H., MARKUS, G.B., The birth order puzzle (1979) J. Pers. soc. Psych., 37, p. 1325; ZYBERT, P., STEIN, Z., BELMONT, L., Maternal age and children's ability (1978) Percept. mot. Skills, 47, p. 815 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020573629&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932000014632&partnerID=40&md5=a752610b724c8b116004fabd56396db8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plus ça change: predictors of birthweight in two national studies T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 90 IS - 11 SP - 1040 EP - 1045 PY - 1983 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1983.tb06442.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - PETERS, T.J. AU - GOLDING, J. AU - BUTLER, N.R. AU - FRYER, J.G. AU - LAWRENCE, C.J. AU - CHAMBERLAIN, G.V.P. AD - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Washington House, Great George Street, Bristol, BS1 5QD, United Kingdom AD - Department of Mathematical Statistics and Operational Research, University of Exeter, Streatham Court, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4PU, United Kingdom AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 ORE, United Kingdom AB - Summary. The 16 989 singleton births in one week of March, 1958, studied by the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, were subjected to an analysis of covariance, which showed that major factors associated with birthweight of the infant were: maternal height, history of smoking in pregnancy, parity and history of pre‐eclampsia during the pregnancy. The same analysis was repeated on the data collected on 16 792 singletons born 12 years later in one week of April, 1970 and studied by the British Births Survey. In spite of major changes in obstetric practice and in the maternal population, the same factors were shown to be highly significant and the magnitude of the associations had changed little. Copyright © 1983, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - analysis of variance KW - article KW - birth weight KW - body height KW - comparative study KW - female KW - fetus death KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - maternal age KW - newborn KW - parity KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - smoking KW - social class KW - United Kingdom KW - diagnosis KW - female genital system KW - fetus KW - normal human KW - preeclampsia KW - pregnancy KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Birth Weight KW - Body Height KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Maternal Age KW - Parity KW - Pre-Eclampsia KW - Pregnancy KW - Smoking KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :45 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 6639898 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: PETERS, T.J.; Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Washington House, Great George Street, Bristol, BS1 5QD, United Kingdom N1 - References: Armitage, P., (1971) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, , Blackwell Scientific Publications,. Oxford; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Mortality: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Problems: The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone,. Edinburgh; Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Hewlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British Births 1970 Vol 2: Obstetric Care, , William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd, London; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Hewlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970 Vol 1: The First Week of Life, , William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd, London; Golding, J., Adelstein, P., (1980), Cigarette smoking and pregnancy‐induced hypertension. In Proceedings of the First Congress of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy Dublin; Goldstein, H., Statistical appendix (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Butler, N. R., Alberman, E. D., Eds, E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh; Karr, A., (1849), Les Guepes; (1951) Classification of Occupations, , HMSO, London; (1966) Classification of Occupations, , HMSO, London UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020973431&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1983.tb06442.x&partnerID=40&md5=96c3a9a7a90eedf512d9e5990e5630e4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958 T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - BR. MED. J. VL - 286 IS - 6373 SP - 1237 EP - 1242 PY - 1983 SN - 09598146 (ISSN) AU - Peckham, C.S. AU - Stark, O. AU - Simonite, V. AU - Wolff, O.H. AD - Dep. Community Med. Gen. Practice, Charing Cross Hosp. Med. Sch., London W6 8RF, United Kingdom AB - The prevalence of overweight at ages 7 and 11 years and in late adolescence was compared in two nationally representative cohorts of British children born in 1946 and 1958. Overweight was defined as weight that exceeded the standard weight for height, age, and sex by more than 20% (relative weight > 120%). The prevalence of overweight among 7 year olds born in 1958 was nearly twice that among those born in 1946. Changes in infant feeding practices, food supply, and level of physical activity might be responsible for this difference. By adolescence the prevalence of obesity in both cohorts had increased but the difference between cohorts had almost disappeared. Around 9% of adolescent girls and 7% of adolescent boys were overweight. If infant feeding practices have an influence on prevalence of overweight at 7 years the data from the two cohorts suggest that such an effect does not persist. In neither cohort was there a significant relation between the prevalence of obesity and social class in boys, but in girls the prevalence was higher among those from the lower socioeconomic groups. Correlation coefficients showing the strength of the relation between relative weights at different ages were remarkably similar for both cohorts. The risk of being obese later in childhood for those who had not been obese at the age of 7 was less than one in 10, whereas for those with a relative weight greater than 130% the risk exceeded six in 10. Most obese adolescents became overweight after the age of 7, which suggests that prevention of obesity after this age might reduce obesity among school leavers and possibly young adults. KW - age KW - child KW - diagnosis KW - economic aspect KW - epidemiology KW - etiology KW - food intake KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - obesity KW - physical performance KW - prevention KW - prophylaxis KW - social aspect KW - socioeconomics KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Female KW - Great Britain KW - Human KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Obesity KW - Sex Factors KW - Social Class KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :62 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: BMJOA C2 - 6404405 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020569526&partnerID=40&md5=edef9f3549854ac24a67e2cbb2358378 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A New Approach to Assessing the Effect of Birth Order on the Outcome of Pregnancy T2 - Journal of Biosocial Science J2 - J. Biosoc. Sci. VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 307 EP - 316 PY - 1983 DO - 10.1017/S0021932000014644 SN - 00219320 (ISSN) AU - Yudkin, P.L. AU - Baras, M. AD - Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom AD - Department of Medical Ecology, Hebrew University—Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel AB - A new approach is suggested for assessing the relationship between birth order and pregnancy risk. Population data are used to estimate the risk of a poor pregnancy outcome after different reproductive histories. The risk of a poor outcome at the first pregnancy appears to be twice that at subsequent pregnancies, but no change in risk is observed between the second and fifth birth orders. If there has been a previous poor pregnancy outcome, the risk of another is increased four-fold. © 1983, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. KW - article KW - Asia KW - birth order KW - cohort analysis KW - demography KW - developed country KW - Estimation Technics KW - Family And Household KW - family planning KW - Family Relationships KW - family size KW - female KW - fetus death KW - High Risk Women KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - Israel KW - Mediterranean Countries KW - mortality KW - multipara KW - newborn KW - parity KW - pregnancy KW - pregnancy complication KW - Pregnancy History KW - Pregnancy Outcomes KW - reproduction KW - Research Methodology KW - Research Report KW - theoretical model KW - Western Asia KW - delivery KW - fetus KW - geographic distribution KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal care KW - risk factor KW - short survey KW - Asia KW - Birth Intervals KW - Birth Order KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Demographic Analysis KW - Developed Countries KW - Estimation Technics KW - Family And Household KW - Family Characteristics KW - Family Relationships KW - Fetal Death KW - High Risk Women KW - Infant Mortality KW - Israel KW - Mediterranean Countries KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Mortality KW - Multiparity KW - Parity KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Pregnancy History KW - Pregnancy Outcomes KW - Reproduction KW - Research Methodology KW - Research Report KW - Western Asia KW - Birth Order KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Israel KW - Pregnancy N1 - Cited By :11 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 6885851 LA - English N1 - References: BAKKETEIG, L.S., HOFFMAN, H.J., Pregnancy order and reproductive loss (1979) Br. med. J., 2, p. 693; BILLEWICZ, W.Z., Some implications of self-selection for pregnancy (1973) Br. J. prev. soc. Med., 27, p. 49; BUTLER, N.R., ALBERMAN, E.D., Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1969), p. 55. , Livingstone, Edinburgh; BUTLER, N.R., BONHAM, D.G., Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey (1963), p. 17. , Livingstone, Edinburgh; COX, D.R., Analysis of Binary Data. (1970), Chapman and Hall, London; DAVIES, A.M., PRYWES, R., TZUR, B., WEISKOPF, P., STERK, V.V., The Jerusalem Perinatal Study (1969) Isr. J. med. Sci., 5. , I. Design and organization of a continuing, community-based, record-linked survey; EDWARDS, L.E., ALTON, I.R., BARRADA, M.I., HAKANSON, E.Y., Pregnancy in the underweight woman (1979) Am. J. Obstet. Gynec., 135, p. 297. , Course, outcome and growth patterns of the infant; EISNER, V., BRAZIE, J.V., PRATT, M.W., HEXTER, A.C., The risk of low birth weight (1979) Am. J. publ. HUK, 69, p. 887; FEDRICK, J., ADELSTEIN, P., Influence of pregnancy spacing on outcome of pregnancy (1973) Br. med. J., 4, p. 753; FEDRICK, J., ADELSTEIN, P., Preceding pregnancy loss as an index of risk of stillbirth or neonatal death in the present pregnancy (1977) Biol. Neonate, 31, p. 84; GAZIANO, E.P., FREEMAN, D.W., ALLEN, T.E., Antenatal prediction of women at increased risk for infants with low birth weight (1981) Am. J. Obstet. Gynec., 140, p. 99; GENDELL, M., HELLEGERS, E., Health Services Reports (1973), 88, p. 733. , The influence of the changes in maternal age, birth order and color on the changing perinatal mortality, Baltimore, Md, 1961–66; HARLAP, S., DAVIES, A.M., The Pill and Births: The Jerusalem Study. (1978), National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, Md, USA; HARLAP, S., DAVIES, A.M., GROVER, N.B., PRYWES, R., (1977) Isr. J. med. Sci., 13, p. 1073. , The Jerusalem Perinatal Study: the first decade 1964–1973; JAMES, W.H., Birth order, maternal age and birth interval in epidemiology (1976) Int. J. Epidemiol., 5, p. 131; LEGG, S., DAVIES, A.M., PRYWES, R., STERK, V.V., WEISKOPF, P., Patterns of low birth weight in West Jerusalem with special reference to maternal origin (1970) Br. J. prev. soc. Med., 24, p. 89; LERIDON, H., Facts and artifacts in the study of intrauterine mortality: a reconsideration from pregnancy histories (1976) Popul. Stud., 30, p. 319; MACMAHON, B., KOVAR, M.G., FELDMAN, J.J., Infant mortality rates: Relationships with mother's reproductive history (1973) Vital Health Stat., 15, p. 1; MANTEL, N., Perinatal mortality by birth order (1979) Br. med. J., 2, p. 1147; NEWCOMBE, H.B., Environmental versus genetic interpretations of birth-order effects (1965) Eugen. Q., 12, p. 90; PRASAD, R., PRASAD, A., Survival sequence of infants: a factorial analysis (1978) J. biosoc. Sci., 10, p. 17; RESSEGUIE, L.J., Changes in stillbirth ratios resulting from changing fashions in age of childbearing (1973) Social Biol., 20, p. 173; RESSEGUIE, L.J., Influence of age, birth order and reproductive compensation on stillbirth ratios (1973) J. biosoc. Sci., 5, p. 443; ROMAN, E., DOYLE, P., BERAL, V., ALBERMAN, E., PHARAOH, P., Fetal loss, gravidity and pregnancy order (1978) Early hum. Dev., 2, p. 131; SCHLESINGER, E.R., MAZUMDAR, S.M., LOGRILLO, V.M., Long term trends in perinatal deaths among offspring of mothers with previous child losses (1972) Am. J. Epidemiol., 96, p. 255; SCOTT RUSSELL, C., TAYLOR, R., MADDISON, R.N., Some effects of smoking in pregnancy (1966) J. Obstet. Gynaec. Br. Commonw., 73, p. 742; THOMSON, A.M., BILLEWICZ, W.Z., HYTTEN, F.E., The assessment of fetal growth (1968) J. Obstet. Gynaec. Br. Commonw., 75, p. 903; ZIMMER, B.G., Consequences of the number and spacing of pregnancies on outcome, and of pregnancy outcome on spacing (1979) Social Biol., 26, p. 161 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020643464&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932000014644&partnerID=40&md5=1ab0a4de1caec2a61bd0d762587b837e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fetal and postnatal growth of children born to narcotic-dependent women T2 - The Journal of Pediatrics J2 - J. Pediatr. VL - 102 IS - 5 SP - 686 EP - 691 PY - 1983 DO - 10.1016/S0022-3476(83)80234-0 SN - 00223476 (ISSN) AU - Lifschitz, M.H. AU - Wilson, G.S. AU - Smith, E.O. AU - Desmond, M.M. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States AB - We studied the effect of heroin and methadone on birth length and 3-year stature of children ofuntreated heroin addicts (n=22), women receiving methadone maintenance therapy (95% were polydrug users) (n=21), and a drug-free comparison group (n=28), after adjustment for biologic, demographic, and health variables. The mean birth lengths of both groups of drug-exposed infants were significantly below that of a comparison group; however, group means were similar after adjustment for sex, race, prenatal care, pregnancy weight gain, obstetrical risk, maternal education, and smoking. At 3 years of age the mean height was comparable for all groups. When adjusted for birth length, parental height, and smoking, the methadone group was significantly shorter than children exposed to heroin in utero, and the comparison group assumed an intermediate position. These data indicate that the effect of heroin and methadone on intrauterine growth cannot be differentiated from that of associated factors, and that postnatal growth of children exposed to narcotics during pregnancy is no more impaired than that of a high-risk comparison group. Children of all three groups deserve continued observation and efforts to improve their environment in order that their full potential might be achieved. © 1983 The C. V. Mosby Company. KW - diamorphine KW - methadone KW - age KW - child KW - child development KW - drug dependence KW - education KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - fetus KW - fetus growth KW - heroin dependence KW - human KW - mother KW - newborn KW - postnatal growth KW - prenatal care KW - prenatal growth KW - sex difference KW - Body Height KW - Comparative Study KW - Female KW - Fetus KW - Growth KW - Heroin Dependence KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Methadone KW - Opioid-Related Disorders KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Prospective Studies KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. N1 - Cited By :42 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: JOPDA C2 - 6842322 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Lifschitz, M.H.; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: diamorphine, 1502-95-0, 561-27-3; methadone, 1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3; Methadone, 76-99-3 N1 - References: Zelson, Rubio, Wasserman, Neonatal narcotic addiction: 10 year observation (1971) Pediatrics, 48 (2), p. 178; Wilson, Desmond, Verniaud, Early development of infants of heroin-addicted mothers (1973) Am J Dis Child, 126, p. 457; Fricker, Segal, Narcotic addiction, pregnancy, and the newborn (1978) Am J Dis Child, 132, p. 360; Zagon, McLaughlin, Effects of chronic morphine administration on pregnant rats and their offspring (1977) Pharmacology, 15, p. 302; Wilson, McCreary, Kean, Baxter, The development of preschool children of heroin-addicted mothers: A controlled study (1979) Pediatrics, 63, p. 135; Ramer, Lodge, Neonatal addiction: A two-year study. I. Clinical and developmental characteristics of infants of mothers on methadone maintenance (1975) Addict Dis, 2, p. 227; Sardemann, Madsen, Friis-Hansen, Follow-up of children of drug-addicted mothers (1976) Arch Dis Child, 51, p. 131; Wilson, Desmond, Wait, Follow-up of methadone-treated and untreated narcotic-dependent women and their infants: Health, developmental, and social implications (1981) J Pediatr, 98, p. 716; Rajegowda, Glass, Evans, Maso, Swartz, Leblanc, Methadone withdrawal in newborn infants (1972) J Pediatr, 81, p. 532; Pierson, Howard, Kleber, Sudden deaths in infants born to methadone-maintained addicts (1972) JAMA, 220, p. 1733; Gerber, Schramm, Postpartum weight alteration in hamster offspring from females injected during pregnancy with either heroin, methadone, a composite drug mixture, or mescaline (1974) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 120, p. 1105; Zelson, Sook, Casalino, Neonatal narcotic addiction: Comparative effects of maternal intake of heroin and methadone (1973) N Engl J Med, 289, p. 1216; Kandall, Albin, Lowinson, Berle, Eidelman, Gartner, Differential effects of maternal heroin and methadone use on birthweight (1976) Pediatrics, 58, p. 681; Grove, Etkin, Rosecrans, Behavioral effects of fetal and neonatal exposure to methadone in the rat (1979) Neurobehav Toxicol, 1, p. 87; Strauss, Lessen-Firestone, Chavez, Stryker, Children of methadone-treated women at five years of age (1979) Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 11, p. 3. , (Suppl); Chasnoff, Hatcher, Burns, Early growth patterns of methadone-addicted infants (1980) Am J Dis Child, 134, p. 1049; Rosen, Johnson, Children of methadone-maintained mothers: Follow-up to 18 months of age (1982) J Pediatr, 101, p. 192; Rosen, Johnson, In utero methadone exposure Three year follow-up (1982) Pediatric Research, 16, p. 130A; Ting, Keller, Berman, Finnegan, Follow-up studies of infants born to methadone-dependent mothers (1974) Pediatric Research, 8, p. 346; Bradley, Caldwell, Screening the environment (1978) Am J Orthopsychiatr, 48, p. 114; National Center for Health Statistics, NCHS growth charts 1976 (1976) Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 25. , no 3, suppl (HRA) 76-1120, Health Resources Administration, Stanford, Calif; Hollingshead, Redlich, (1958) Social class and mental illness, , John Wiley, Rockville, Md; Hobel, Hyvarinen, Okada, Oh, Prenatal and intrapartum high-risk screening (1973) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 117, p. 1; Lubchenco, Hansman, Boyd, Intrauterine growth in length and head circumference as estimated from live births at gestational ages from 26 to 42 weeks (1966) Pediatrics, 37, p. 403; Dubowitz, Dubowitz, Goldberg, Clinical assessment of gestational age in the newborn infant (1970) J Pediatr, 77, p. 1; Goldstein, Factors influencing the height of seven year old children: Results from the national child development study (1971) Human Biol, 43, p. 92; Wingerd, Solomon, Schoen, Parent-specific height standards for preadolescent children of three racial groups, with method for rapid determination (1973) Pediatrics, 52, p. 555; Rona, Swan, Altman, Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, p. 147; Naeye, Blanc, Paul, Effects of maternal nutrition on the human fetus (1973) Pediatrics, 42, p. 494; Naeye, Influence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on fetal and childhood growth (1981) Obstet Gynecol, 57, p. 18; Finnegan, Connaughton, Emich, Wieland, Comprehensive care of the pregnant addict and its effect on maternal and infant outcome (1972) Contemp Drug Probl, 1, p. 795; Harper, Solish, Purow, Sang, Panepinto, The effect of a methadone treatment program upon pregnant heroin addicts and their newborn infants (1974) Pediatrics, 54, p. 300; Naeye, Blanc, Leblanc, Khatamee, Fetal complications of maternal heroin addiction: Abnormal growth, infections, and episodes of stress (1973) J Pediatr, 83, p. 1055 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020622316&doi=10.1016%2fS0022-3476%2883%2980234-0&partnerID=40&md5=6ccd3943da1d7adf0f328abffe35f4d4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Incidence and mortality in the Stockholm-Gotland region T2 - Acta Radiologica. Oncology Radiation Therapy Physics and Biology J2 - ACTA RADIOL. SER. ONCOL. RADIAT. THER. PHYS. BIOL. VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 315 EP - 318 PY - 1982 SN - AU - Bjorkholm, E. AD - Dep. Gynecol. Oncol., Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Sjukhuset, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden AB - During the years 1958 to 1978, 3,607 women with invasive cervical carcinoma were reported to the Stockholm-Gotland Tumour Registry. A decreased incidence rate was found among women born 1910 to 1930 when comparing the 5-year cumulative incidence rate for the different birth cohorts at the same age. A reduced mortality was demonstrated in the same way. The impact of large-scale mass screening on the incidence and mortality of cervical carcinoma is discussed. KW - cancer incidence KW - cancer mortality KW - epidemiology KW - female genital system KW - geographic distribution KW - human KW - sweden KW - uterine cervix carcinoma KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Cervix Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Human KW - Mass Screening KW - Middle Age KW - Registries KW - Sweden N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AROND C2 - 6297250 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020368144&partnerID=40&md5=12b2bdeb349bec41a9b3d97c4e023129 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal audit: A tried and tested epidemiological method T2 - Community Medicine J2 - COMMUNITY MED. VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 104 EP - 107 PY - 1982 SN - 01422456 (ISSN) AU - Clarke, M. AD - Dept. Comm. Health, Univ. Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom AB - Reviews of perinatal mortality are becoming increasingly common. Many such reviews are undertaken at the hospital level and the cases are not related to a defined geographical population. A method is proposed for combining information from a standard DHSS return (LHS 27/1) with a recently proposed method of aggregating perinatal death in a clinically and managerially useful way, which is epidemiologically sound. The utility of the approach is illustrated using data from the Leicestershire Perinatal Mortality Survey. KW - epidemiology KW - geographic distribution KW - methodology KW - newborn KW - perinatal mortality KW - short survey KW - united kingdom KW - Birth Weight KW - England KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't N1 - Cited By :7 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CMNMD C2 - 7140223 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020316586&partnerID=40&md5=02545fe5fd790ca9431a47225589dada ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of Antibodies to Poliovirus in 1978 Among Subjects Aged 0-88 Years T2 - British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) J2 - Brit. Med. J. VL - 284 IS - 6317 SP - 697 EP - 700 PY - 1982 DO - 10.1136/bmj.284.6317.697 SN - 02670623 (ISSN) AU - Roebuck, M. AU - Chamberlain, R. AD - Central Public Health Laboratory, London NW9, United Kingdom AB - The antibody state of a population aged 6 months to 88 years to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 was determined by examining 919 sera collected in Lancashire, London, and southern and south-east England. In subjects aged over 2 years the immune state was surprisingly uniform, although the older patients had probably acquired practically all their antibodies as a result of natural infection and those under 16 through vaccination. At least 95% had detectable antibodies to at least one poliovirus type and about 60% to all three types, with the exception of a cohort of children born between 1963 and 1968, in whom the proportions were about 80% and 40% respectively. These children were born around the time of the changeover from inactivated to oral vaccine, when immunization rates were low and there was confusion over the number of doses required. These results indicate that a complete course of vaccine or a booster dose at or around school-leaving age is necessary. © 1982, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - virus antibody KW - aging KW - blood and hemopoietic system KW - central nervous system KW - epidemiology KW - geographic distribution KW - human cell KW - poliomyelitis virus KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - England KW - Human KW - Immunity, Active KW - Infant KW - Middle Age KW - Poliomyelitis KW - Polioviruses KW - Vaccination N1 - Cited By :16 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 6279225 LA - English N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Viral N1 - References: Mortimer, P.P., Cunningham, P., Sero-immunity to poliovirus in children and young women: England 1972-4 (1975) J Hyg, 74, pp. 283-287; Codd, A.A., White, E., Protection against poliomyelitis (1977) Lancet, 2, p. 1078; Hill, A.B., Martin, W.J., Poliomyelitis and the social environment (1949) Br Med J, 2, pp. 357-358; Daley, A., Benjamin, B., An epidemiological note on the outbreak of poliomyelitis in London in 1947 (1948) Medical Officer, 80, pp. 171-176; Fallon, R.J., Serological epidemiology of poliomyelitis. Distribution of immunity to poliomyelitis virus (1956) Lancet, 1, pp. 65-69; Chamberlain, R.N., Simpson, R.N., (1979) The prevalence of illness in childhood, , Tunbridge Wells: Pitman Medical in association with the Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven. A report of the National Child Development Study, , London: Longman; Lamy, M.E., Cornu, C., Desmytcr, J., Poliovirus antibodies in age groups: an assessment of obligatory vaccination in Belgium (1979) International symposium on immunisation: benefit versus risk factors Brussels 1978, pp. 207-213. , International Association of Biological Standardization, ed, Basle: S Karger, (Developments in Biological Standardization No 43.); Bainton, D., Freeman, M., Magrath, D.I., Sheffield, F., Smith, J., Immunity of children to diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis (1979) Br Med J, 1, pp. 854-857; Menser, M.A., Collins, E., Wu, S.W., Childhood immunisation 1979. Disturbing statistics for metropolitan Sydney (1980) Med J Aust, 2, pp. 131-157 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020035629&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.284.6317.697&partnerID=40&md5=da8744a3a1ae8781d9cd108d1da687ad ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are all born equal? Incidence of febrile convulsions by season of birth T2 - British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) J2 - Brit. Med. J. VL - 284 IS - 6316 SP - 624 EP - 626 PY - 1982 DO - 10.1136/bmj.284.6316.624 SN - 02670623 (ISSN) AU - Sunderland, R. AU - Carpenter, R.G. AU - Gardner, A. AD - Registrar, Children’s Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TH, United Kingdom AD - Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom AB - To test whether the season of birth had an effect on subsequent experience of illness, details were obtained of all Sheffield children born between 1973 and 1977 who were admitted to hospital before their second birthday with a first febrile convulsion. Analysis by date of birth in consecutive 28-day cohorts showed that the incidence of febrile convulsions ranged from 2 5 per thousand live births to 30 2 per thousand in different “month” cohorts. Statistically significant variations were noted in the incidence rates in relation to season and year of birth. The implication is that even large scale epidemiological studies which have been confined to children born in a particular week or month may not be representative of the whole child population. © 1982, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - central nervous system KW - diagnosis KW - ecology KW - epidemiology KW - febrile convulsion KW - major clinical study KW - preschool child KW - school child KW - season KW - England KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Male KW - Seasons KW - Seizures, Febrile N1 - Cited By :9 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 6802261 LA - English N1 - References: Douglas, J.W.B., (1948) Maternity in Great Britain., , London: Oxford University Press; Douglas, J.W.B., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children under five., , London: George Allen and Unwin; Spence, J., Walton, W.S., Miller, F.J.W., Court SDM. (1954) A thousand families in Newcastle-upon-Tyne., , London: Oxford University Press; Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Walton, W.S., Knox, E.G., (1960) Growing up in Newcastle-upon-Tyne., , London: Oxford University Press; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal problems., , Edinburgh: Livingstone; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven., , London: Longman; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British births, 1970. , London: Heinemann; Chamberlain, R.N., Simpson, R.N., (1979) The prevalence of illness in childhood., , Tunbridge Wells: Pitman Medical; Baker, R.J., Nelder, J.A., (1979) The GLIM system. Release 3. Generalised linear interactive modelling manual, , Oxford, Numerical Algorithms Group; Walter, S.D., Elwood, J.M., A test for seasonality of events with a variable population at risk (1975) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 29, pp. 18-21; Slatis, H.M., deCloux, R.J., Seasonal variations in stillbirth frequencies (1967) Hum Biol, 39, pp. 284-294; Sandahl, B., Seasonal birth pattern in Sweden in relation to birth order and maternal age (1978) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 57, pp. 393-396; Janerich, D.T., Garfinkel, J., Season of birth and birth order in relation to prenatal pathology (1970) Am J Epidemiol, 92, pp. 351-356; Record, R.G., Anencephalus in Scotland (1961) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 15, pp. 93-105; Theander, G., Seasonal distribution of births of boys with anomalies of the urethra (1970) Scand J Urol Nephrol, 4, pp. 1-5; Harlap, S., Time-series analysis of the incidence of Down’s syndrome in West Jerusalem (1974) Am J Epidemiol, 99, pp. 210-217; Sandahl, B., Seasonal incidence of cleft lip and palate in Sweden, 1965–1974 (1978) Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg, 11, pp. 39-43; Sandahl, B., Seasonal incidence of some congenital malformations of the central nervous system (1977) Acta Paediatr Scand, 66, pp. 65-72; Rutstein, D.D., Nickerson, R.J., Heald, F.P., Seasonal incidence of patent ductus arteriosus and maternal rubella (1952) Am J Dis Child, 84, pp. 199-213; Janerich, D.T., Jacobson, H.I., Seasonality in Down’s syndrome. An endocrinological explanation. (1977) Lancet, i, pp. 515-516; Elwood, J.M., Seasonal variation in anencephalus in Canada (1975) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 29, pp. 22-26; McKeown, T., Record, R.G., Seasonal incidence of congenital malformations of the central nervous system. (1971) Lancet, i, pp. 192-196; Weatherall, R., Recent seasonal patterns of infant mortality in England and Wales (1976) OPCS. Studies on medical and population subjects., p. 31. , London: HMSO; Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia. (1978) Lancet, i, pp. 481-482. , Anonymous; Lloyd, B., Pursall, E., Emery, J.L., Hospital morbidity pattern in children under 1 year of age born in Sheffield, 1975-6 (1981) Arch Dis Child, 56, pp. 36-39; Cave, D.R., Freedman, L.S., Seasonal variations in the clinical presentation of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (1975) IntJ Epidemiol, 4, pp. 317-320; (1969) Statistical review for 1967., , Registrar General, Part III. London: HMSO; Steedman, J., (1980) Progress in secondary schools. Findings from the National Child Development Study., , London: National Children’s Bureau; Wilby, P., Were the school figures fiddled? (1980) Sunday Times, , Sept 21 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020073471&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.284.6316.624&partnerID=40&md5=35c57e3e00d97a82034f959d807659f4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trends in the use of oral contraceptives among Dutch young women 1975-1981 T2 - Contraception J2 - Contraception VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 205 EP - 208 PY - 1982 DO - 10.1016/0010-7824(82)90088-9 SN - 00107824 (ISSN) AU - van Vliet, H.C.A.M. AU - Hofman, A. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, Netherlands AB - Prompted by a recent report of a decrease in the use of oral contraceptive in the U.S.A., we investigated the trends by age and time of oral contraceptives use among Dutch young women, born between 1955 and 1970. They participated in a follow-up study of risk-indicators for cardiovascular disease. A random sample of 596 subjects, initially aged 5-19, and selected from an open population, was invited for annual exams since 1975; 462 youngsters (226 girls) underwent at least three annual exams. They were asked each year whether they used oral contraceptives. Analysis of the trend by age showed an increase of the proportion of oral contraceptives users from less than 5% at an age of 15 to about 50% at 23 years of age. In the 1959-1962 birth-cohort, the proportion of users was twice as large as that of the 1955-1968 cohort. The 1963-1966 cohort followed the pattern of the 1959-1962 birth-cohort. These findings indicate that there has been a strong increase in the use of oral contraceptives among Dutch women born after 1958. We found no evidence for a recent decrease in the use of oral contraceptives in the Netherlands among young women. © 1982. KW - oral contraceptive agent KW - epidemiology KW - female genital system KW - methodology KW - netherlands KW - prevention KW - Age Factors KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Contraception KW - Contraceptive Methods KW - Contraceptive Usage KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developed Countries KW - Europe KW - Family Planning KW - Measurement KW - Netherlands KW - Oral Contraceptives KW - Population KW - Population Characteristics KW - Prevalence KW - Research Methodology KW - Western Europe KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Netherlands KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Time Factors N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CCPTA C2 - 7140296 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Hofman, A.; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, Netherlands N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral N1 - References: Shapiro, Slone, Neff, Age-specific secular changes in oral contraceptive use (1981) Am. J. Epidemiol., 114, p. 604; Hofman, Valkenburg, (1980) Epidemiology of Arterial Blood Pressure, pp. 99-117. , H. Kesteloot, J.V. Joossens, Nijhoff, London, The Hague, Boston; Susser, Period effects, generation effects and age effects in peptic ulcer mortality (1982) J. Chron. Dis., 35, pp. 29-40 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019981173&doi=10.1016%2f0010-7824%2882%2990088-9&partnerID=40&md5=070b0905573e5ed95987d6d9286fe8f7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural fertility in the Philippines. T2 - Philippine sociological review J2 - Philipp Sociol Rev VL - 30 IS - 1-4 SP - 113 EP - 130 PY - 1982 SN - 00317810 (ISSN) AU - Aquino, E.G. AB - The hypothesis that modernization trends in the Philippines led to an increase in fecundity and natural fertility between 1953-1972 was tested, using data from the 1973 National Demographic Survey. More specifically, it was hypothesized that increases in education, income levels, urbanization, female labor force participation, and other factors exerted a positive influence on the population's health and nutritional status and increased the risk of pregnancy by diminishing the strength of sexual taboos and by decreasing the incidence of breastfeeding. These changes, in turn, had a positive impact on natural fertility. Natural fertility was defined as marital fertility in the absence of specific efforts to control fertility. The use of natural fertility instead of fecundity allowed for the influence of behavioral patterns, such as breastfeeding and sexual taboos, on fertility. Period analysis of age specific marital fertility rates for each 5 year period between 1953-72 and cohort analysis of age specific marital fertility rates for the birth cohorts, aged 55-59, 50-54, 45-49, 40-44, and 35-39 in 1973 were undertaken. The effect of fertility control was determined by using an index derived from an equation provided by Coale and Trussell. Findings of both the period and cohort analysis supported the hypothesis. Period analysis revealed that natural fertility increased between 1953-57 and 1969-72 by 10% and that the greatest increase occurred during the 1950s when Philippine society experienced major modernization changes. The increases in natural fertility were accompanied by corresponding increases in fertility regulation in each time period. These trends tended to cancel each other out and resulted in a relatively stable total marital fertility rate throughout the time period. Cohort analysis revealed that only the total marital fertility rate of the youngest cohort was influenced by fertility regulation. The level of natural fertility for all cohorts as a group increased by about 7.5% between 1953-72. The major increase occurred during the post war years. All of these occurred during the time period when the Philippines underwent major socioeconomic changes. Data on changes in socioeconomic indicators during the time period under observation were presented. For example, between 1948-70, the literacy rate increased from 62.8%-84.6% for males and from 56.9%-82.2% for females. The infant mortality rate declined from 125.5-67.3 between 1948-70, and breastfeeding declined from 64.2%-26.5% between 1958-74. The increase in the natural fertility level tapered off during the last few years, and in the future the impact of fertility control on the fertility rate should become stronger. KW - reproduction rate KW - Age Specific Fertility Rate KW - article KW - Asia KW - birth rate KW - cohort analysis KW - Cross Sectional Analysis KW - Demographic Factors KW - demography KW - developing country KW - family planning KW - fertility KW - Fertility Measurements KW - health KW - lactation KW - maternal age KW - Natural Fertility KW - nutrition KW - Period Analysis KW - Philippines KW - population KW - population dynamics KW - prevalence KW - puerperium KW - reproduction KW - research KW - Research Methodology KW - retrospective study KW - Social Change--side effects KW - sociology KW - Southeast Asia KW - Southeastern Asia KW - Statistical Studies KW - Studies KW - Age Specific Fertility Rate KW - Asia KW - Birth Rate KW - Cohort Analysis KW - Cross Sectional Analysis KW - Demographic Analysis KW - Demographic Factors KW - Developing Countries KW - Family Planning KW - Fecundity KW - Fertility KW - Fertility Measurements KW - Fertility Rate KW - Health KW - Lactation KW - Natural Fertility KW - Nutrition KW - Period Analysis KW - Philippines KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Puerperium KW - Reproduction KW - Research Methodology KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Social Change--side effects KW - Southeastern Asia KW - Statistical Studies KW - Studies KW - Asia KW - Asia, Southeastern KW - Birth Rate KW - Cohort Studies KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Demography KW - Developing Countries KW - Family Planning KW - Fertility KW - Health KW - Lactation KW - Maternal Age KW - Nutrition KW - Philippines KW - Population KW - Population Dynamics KW - Puerperium KW - Reproduction KW - Research KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Social Change KW - Statistics N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 12339819 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Aquino, E.G. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019895108&partnerID=40&md5=0a697d217f89016c690a5102aa7eedc8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal audit: a tried and tested epidemiological method T2 - Journal of Public Health (United Kingdom) J2 - J. Public Health VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 104 EP - 107 PY - 1982 DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a043514 SN - 17413842 (ISSN) AU - Clarke, M. AD - Department of Community Health, University of Leicester, United Kingdom AB - Reviews of perinatal mortality are becoming increasingly common. Many such reviews are undertaken at the hospital level and the cases are not related to a defined geographical population. A method is proposed for combining information from a standard DHSS return (LHS 27/1) with a recently proposed method of aggregating perinatal death in a clinically and managerially useful way, which is epidemiologically sound. The utility of the approach is illustrated using data from the Leicestershire Perinatal Mortality Survey. © 1982 JOHN WRIGHT & SONS LTD. N1 - Cited By :2 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Clarke, M.; Department of Community Health, University of Leicester School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal InfirmaryUnited Kingdom N1 - References: (1980), 1. , London, HMSO; Enkin, M., Chalmers, I., Inquiries into perinatal deaths at area health authority level (1980) Community Med, 2, p. 219; Baird, D., Walker, J., Thomson, A.M., The causes and prevention of stillbirths and first week deaths (1954) J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Comm, 61, p. 433; McLlwaine, G., Howat, R., Dunn, F., The Scottish Perinatal Mortality Survey (1979) Br. Med. J, 2, p. 1103; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal Mortality (1963) The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone; Barson, A.J., The contribution of pathology to perinatal audit (1980) Perinatal Audit and Surveillance, pp. 228-238. , Chalmers I. and Mcllwaine G. (eds.), London, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; Wigglesworth, J., Monitoring perinatal mortality—a pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, p. 684; Rooth, G., Better perinatal health—Sweden (1979) Lancet, 2, p. 1170 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959812917&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.pubmed.a043514&partnerID=40&md5=217e9039c12cb59a301b4e26aace8536 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Malignant salivary Gland tumours in children T2 - Acta Oto-Laryngologica J2 - Acta Oto-Laryngol. VL - 94 IS - 1-6 SP - 175 EP - 179 PY - 1982 DO - 10.3109/00016488209128902 SN - 00016489 (ISSN) AU - Dahlqvist, A. AU - Östberg, Y. AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden AB - Nine malignant salivary gland tumours in children, reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1958 to 1980, are reviewed. All tumours appeared in the parotid gland. Five cases were muco-epidermoid carcinoma of low-grade malignancy. All patients but one were treated with surgery. The postoperative follow-up period is 1 to 21 years. Three children have died, 2 of tumour disease, 1 and 18 years respectively after diagnosis. In the other children there are no signs of recurrence. Salivary gland tumours in children must be treated according to the same principles generally accepted for adult salivary gland neoplasias. © 1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - diagnosis KW - digestive system KW - major clinical study KW - parotid gland carcinoma KW - preschool child KW - salivary gland tumor KW - school child KW - Adolescent KW - Carcinoma KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Male KW - Parotid Neoplasms KW - Registries KW - Sweden PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: AOLAA C2 - 7124384 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Dahlqvist, A.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Umeå, Umeå S-90185, Sweden N1 - References: Batsakis, J.G., (1979) Tumours of the Head and Neck, , Williams & Williams Company Baltimore; Bhaskar, S.N., Lilly, G.E., Salivary gland tumours of infancy: report of twentyseven cases (1963) J Oral Surg Anesth Hasp D Serv, 21, p. 33; Bianchi, A., Cudmore, R.E., Salivary gland tumours in children (1978) J Ped Surg, 13, p. 6; Blanck, C., (1974) Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland. Morphology and long-term prognosis. Thesis. Doctoral dissertation, , Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis; Blanck, C., Eneroth, C.-M., Jakobsson, P., Malignant tumours of the parotid in the first two decades (1979) Opuscul Med, 24, p. 143; Byars, L.T., Ackerman, L.V., Peacock, E., Tumours of salivary gland origin in children (1957) Ann Surg, 146, p. 40; Castro, E.B., Huvos, A.G., Strong, E.W., Foote, F.W., Jr., Tumours of the major salivary glands in children (1972) Cancer, 29, p. 312; Catania, V.C., Bozzetti, F., Santangelo, A., Salvadori, B., Parotid gland tumours in infants and children (1977) Tumori, 63, p. 195; Chong, G.C., Beahrs, O.H., Chen, M.L.C., Hayles, A.B., Management of parotid gland tumours in infants and children (1975) Mayo Clin Proc, 50, p. 279; Conley, I.I., (1975) Salivary Gland and Facial Nerve, , Grune & Stratton Inc.New York; Danziger, H., Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sub-maxillary gland in an 8-month-old infant (1964) Can Med Ass J, 91, p. 759; Dick, A., Carcinoma in a newborn (1954) Am J surg, 87, p. 673; Eneroth, C.-M., Salivary gland tumours in the parotid gland, submandibular gland the the palate region (1971) Cancer, 27, p. 1415; Eneroth, C.-M., Die Klinik der Kopfspeicheldrüsentumoren (1976) Arch Oto Rhino Laryngol, 213, p. 78; Eneroth, C.-M., Hamberger, C.-A., Principles of treatment of different types of parotid tumours (1974) Laryngoscope, 84, p. 1732; Eneroth, C.-M., Jakobsson, P.Å., Blanck, C., Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland (1966) Cancer, 19, p. 1761; Foote, F.W., Jr., Frazell, E.L., Tumours of the major salivary glands (1954) Atlas of Tumour Pathology. Sect. IV, Fasc. 11, , Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washington, D.C; Galich, R., Salivary gland neoplasms in childhood (1969) Arch Otolaryngol, 89, p. 100; Hendrick, J.W., Mucoepidermoid cancer of the parotid gland in a one year old child (1964) Am J Surg, 108, p. 907; Hoffmann, K., Block, M.A., Tumours of major salivary glands in children (1968) Mich Med, 67, p. 1461; Howard, J.M., Rawson, A.J., Koop, C.E., Horn, R.C., Royster, H.P., Parotid tumours in children (1950) Surg Gynec Obstet, 90, p. 307; Jakobsson, P.A., Eneroth, C.-M., Variations in radiosensitivity of various types of malignant salivary gland tumour (1970) Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh), 263, p. 186; Jaques, D.A., Kroll, S.O., Chambers, R.G., Parotid tumours in children (1976) Am J Surg, 132, p. 469; Kauffman, S.L., Stout, A.P., Tumours of the major salivary glands in children (1963) Cancer, 16, p. 1317; Krolls, S.O., Trodahl, J.N., Boyers, R.C., Salivary gland lesions in children (1972) Cancer, 30, p. 459; McKnight, H.A., Malignant parotid tumour in the newborn (1939) Am J Surg, 45, p. 128; Reiquam, C.W., Salivary gland tumours in children (1963) Arch Surg, 86, p. 313; Schuller, D.E., McCabe, B.F., Salivary gland neoplasms in children (1977) Otolaryngol Clin N Am, 10, p. 399; Seifert, G., Die Speicheldrüsengeschwülste im Kindesalter (1965) Z Kinderchirurg Grenzengeh, 3, p. 285; Sismanis, A., Strong, M.S., Merriam, J., Fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of neck masses (1980) Otolaryngol Clin N Am, 13, p. 421; Tipton, J.B., Carcinoma of a minor salivary gland in an 18-month-old child (1978) Plast Reconstr Surg, 62, p. 790; Vawter, G.F., Tefft, M., Congenital tumours of the parotid gland (1966) Arch Path, 82, p. 242; Welch, K.J., Trump, D.S., The salivary glands (1969) Pediatric Surgery, 2nd edn, p. 215. , Year Book Medical Publishers Inc.Chicago UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019993547&doi=10.3109%2f00016488209128902&partnerID=40&md5=53dddfcad02b077b4a2defae00792b7d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term follow-up and prognostic factors in ovarian carcinoma: The radiumhemmet series 1958 to 1973 T2 - Acta Oncologica J2 - Acta Oncol. VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 413 EP - 419 PY - 1982 DO - 10.3109/02841868209134321 SN - 0284186X (ISSN) AU - Björkholm, E. AU - Pettersson, F. AU - Einhorn, N. AU - Krebs, I. AU - Nilsson, B. AU - Tjernberg, B. AD - Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Sjukhuset, S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden AB - Between 1958 and 1973, 2412 women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated at Radiumhemmet. of these tumors, 14.5 per cent were of borderline malignancy. The 5-year relative survival rate was 34 per cent among the patients with true malignant tumor and 93 per cent in the borderline cases. Even in advanced stages (IIb-IV) the 5-year survival rate was 78 per cent in the borderline cases. Advanced stage and high age at diagnosis, true malignancy and tumors of serous, clear cell or anaplastic type were associated with poor prognosis. The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma in an early stage improved during the period, from 67 to 81 per cent. ©1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :4 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ACTOE LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Björkholm, E.; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Sjukhuset, S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden N1 - References: Kottmeier, H.-L., (1973) Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Carcinoma of the Uterus, Vagina, and Ovary, 15, p. 17. , Editorial Office Radium-hemmet, Stockholm; Gavatin, A., Eklund, G., Automatic interaction detector (AID) analysis (1972) On the role of viruses in acute infectious diseases of the central nervous system, p. 89. , Ed. B. Sköldberg.Scand. J. Infect. Dis Suppl. No. 3; Hintz, B.L., Fuks, Z., Kempson, R.L., Eltringham, J.R., Zaloudek, C., Williamson, T.H.J., Bagshaw, M.A., Results of postoperative megavoltage radiotherapy of malignant surface epithelial tumors of the ovary (1975) Radiology, 114, p. 695; Hreshchyshyn, M.W., Park, R.C., Blessing, J.A., Norris, H.J., Levy, D., Lagasse, L.D., Creasman, W.T., The role of adjuvant therapy in Stage I ovarian cancer (1980) Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 138, p. 139; Kottmeier, H.-L., Ovarian cancer. Diagnosis and treatment (1967) MCV Quarterly, 3, p. 47; Kuipers, T.J., Report on treatment of cancer of the ovary (1976) Brit. J. Radiol., 49, p. 526; Lee, E., Desu, M., A computer program for comparing K samples with right-censored data (1970) Comput. Programs Biomed., 1, p. 58; The Cancer Registry (1981) Cancer incidence in Sweden 1977, p. 22. , Stockholm; Nikrui, N., Survey of clinical behavior of patients with borderline epithelial tumors of the ovary (1981) Gynec. Obstet., 12, p. 107; Scully, R.E., Tumors of the ovary and maldeveloped gonads (1979) Atlas of tumor pathology. Second edition, p. 61. , Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washingtonfasc. 16; Sonquist, J.A., Morgan, J., (1970) The detection of interaction effects, , University of Michigan, Survey Research Center. Monograph 35. Institute for Social Research Ann Arbor; Tobias, J.S., Griffiths, C.T., Management of ovarian carcinoma. Current concepts and future prospects. Part 2 (1976) New Engl. J. Med., 294, p. 877; Waterhouse, J., Muir, C., Correa, P., Powell, J., (1976) Cancer incidence in five continents, III, p. 480. , IARC Scientific Publication LyonNo. 15 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907106556&doi=10.3109%2f02841868209134321&partnerID=40&md5=a4bf2ac7453df30cbbc0807301cf8f88 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Obstetrical fracture-separation of the upper femoral epiphysis T2 - Acta Orthopaedica J2 - Acta Orthop. VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 239 EP - 243 PY - 1982 DO - 10.3109/17453678208992209 SN - 17453674 (ISSN) AU - Theodorou, S.D. AU - Ierodiaconou, M.N. AU - Mitsou, A. AD - Orthopaedic Department, 'A. P. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece AB - During the last 15 years we have treated six neonates with obstetrical fracture of the upper epiphysis of the femur. Two other cases have previously been reported by one of us (S.D.T.) in 1958. A common characteristic was a difficult and traumatic breech delivery, half the babies being large-for-dates the clinical and radiological signs of this injury are described. In two babies there were associated injuries of the same limb whilst two others had congenital dislocation of the contralateral hip. the prognosis appears to be excellent, in spite of the severity of the injury, and irrespective of treatment. © 1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - Epiphysiolysis KW - Fracture-separation KW - Hip KW - Obstetrical KW - Upper femoral epiphysis KW - case report KW - epiphysiolysis KW - injury KW - joint KW - newborn KW - obstetric trauma KW - Birth Injuries KW - Birth Weight KW - Breech Presentation KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Epiphyses KW - Female KW - Femoral Fractures KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Hip Dislocation KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Pregnancy PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7136570 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Theodorou, S.D.; Children's Hospital A. P. Kyriakou, Department of Orthopaedics, Athens, 617, Greece N1 - References: Caveric, N., Strinovic, B., Folgenlos Ansgeheilten Geburtstraumatischen Epiphysenlosungen am Proximalen Femur und Humerusende (1977) Aktuel. Traumatol., 7, pp. 103-111; Crock, H.V., (1967) The blood supply of the lower limb bones in man, , E. and S. Livingstone Ltd.Edinburgh, London; Dimitriou, J., Obstetrical injury of the upper femoral epiphysis (1971) Orthopaedics (Oxford), 4. , No. 1; Dimitriou, J., (1980) Personal communication; Elizalde, A.E., Obstetrical dislocation of the hip associated with fracture of the femur (1946) J. Bone Joint Surg., 28, p. 838; Harrenstein, R.J., Pseudoluxatio coxae durch Abreissen der Femurepiphyse bei der Geburt (1929) Bruns' Beitr. Klin. Chir., 146, p. 592; Lindseth, E.R., Rosene, A.H., Jr., Traumatic separation of the upper femoral epiphysis in a new born infant (1971) J. Bone Joint Surg., 53-A, pp. 1641-1644; Michail, J.P., Theodorou, S., Houliaras, K., Siatis, N., Two cases of obstetrical separation (epiphysiolysis) of the upper femoral epiphysis (1958) J. Bone Joint Surg., 40-B, pp. 477-482; Mortens, J., Christensen, P., Traumatic separation of the upper femoral epiphysis as an obstetrical lesion (1964) Acta Orthop. Scand., 34, pp. 239-250; Nathan, W., Geburtstrauma und Hüftgelenk-verrenkung (1928) Z. Orthop. Chir., 49, p. 383; Puppel, E., Die Kongenitale Hüftgelenksluxation als Geburtstrauma (1930) Z. Geburtshilfe Gynaekol., 97, p. 39; Trueta, J., The normal vascular anatomy of the human femoral head during growth (1957) J. Bone Joint Surg., 39-B, p. 358 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020070776&doi=10.3109%2f17453678208992209&partnerID=40&md5=e4d62118b7711e96289091bab88c8ec1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ethnic and secular influences on the size and maturity of seven year old children living in Guatemala City T2 - American Journal of Physical Anthropology J2 - Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 393 EP - 398 PY - 1982 DO - 10.1002/ajpa.1330590409 SN - 00029483 (ISSN) AU - Bogin, B. AU - Macvean, R.B. AD - Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States AD - Universidad Del Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala AD - University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan, 48128, United States AB - Three groups of children, those of European parentage, those of Guatemalan parentage, and those of mixed European‐Guatemalan parentage were measured for height, weight, and skeletal maturity. The children were born between 1945 and 1965, they were all of high socioeconomic status, and they all attended the same private school in Guatemala City. At 7 years, the boys of the European group were significantly taller than boys of the Guatemalan group. European and mixed European‐Guatemalan girls were significantly taller than Guatemalan girls. These results are maturity independent. The influence of skeletal age was removed statistically by analysis of covariance. Girls of the mixed group were significantly heavier than girls of European and Guatemalan groups. Mixed group girls also had more significantly advanced skeletal ages than European girls. When the patterns of size and maturity status are analyzed by sex, there is evidence for a relatively greater environmental influence on the boys and a relatively greater genetic influence on the girls. Dividing the data into two birth year cohorts, 1945 to 1955, and 1956 to 1965, does not provide evidence for secular trends in growth or maturation. These results are similar to those from studies in developed nations that report an end to the secular trend for the “well off” population of those countries. Copyright © 1982 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company KW - Ethnic influences KW - Growth KW - Guatemala KW - Maturation KW - Secular trends KW - body KW - child KW - ethnic or racial aspects KW - geographic distribution KW - growth KW - guatemala KW - human KW - maturation KW - normal human KW - school child KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Height KW - Body Weight KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Comparative Study KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Europe KW - Female KW - Guatemala KW - Human KW - Male N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7165040 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bogin, B.; Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States N1 - References: Ashcroft, MT, Antrobus, ACK, Heights and weights of school children in St. Vincent (1970) J. Biosoc. Sci., 2, pp. 317-328; Ashcroft, MT, Heneage, P, Lovell, HG, Heights and weights of Jamaican school children of various ethnic groups (1966) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 24, pp. 35-44; Ashcroft, MT, Lovell, HG, Heights and weights of Jamaican children of various racial orgins (1964) Trop. Geogr. Med., 16, pp. 346-353; Ashcroft, MT, Lovell, HG, Changes in Jamaican schools between 1951 and 1964 (1965) West‐Indian Med. J., 14, pp. 48-52; Bielicki, T., Charzeweski, J, Sex differences in the magnitude of statural gains of offspring over parents (1977) Hum. Biol., 49, pp. 265-277; Bogin, BA, Seasonal pattern in the rate of growth in height of children living in Guatemala (1978) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 49, pp. 205-210; Bogin, BA, MacVean, RB, Growth in height and weight of urban Guatemalan primary school children of low and high socioeconomic class (1978) Hum. Biol., 50, pp. 477-487; Castañeda, G, Edad de menarquia en la mujer Guatemelteca (1972) Revista de Obstetricia y Ginecologia de Centroamerica, 12, pp. 1-8; Damon, A, Secular trend in height and weight within old American families at Harvard 1970–1965. I: Within twelve four‐generation families (1968) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 29, pp. 45-50; Eveleth, PB, Tanner, JM, (1976) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Frisancho, AR, Guire, K, Babler, W, Borkan, G, Way, A, Nutritional influence on childhood development and genetic control of adolescent growth of Quechuas and Mestizos from the Peruvian lowlands (1980) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 52, pp. 367-375; Garn, SM, Rohmann, CJ, Interaction of nutrition and genetics in the timing of growth and development (1966) Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 13, pp. 353-379; Goldstein, H, Factors influencing the height of seven‐year old children: Results from the National Child Development Study (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; Greulich, WW, Some secular changes in the growth of American‐born and native Japanese children (1976) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 45, pp. 553-568; Greulich, WW, Pyle, SI, (1959) Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist, , 2nd ed., Stanford, Stanford University Press; Habicht, JP, Martorell, R, Yarbrough, C., Malina, RM, Klein, RE, Height and weight standards for preschool children (1974) Lancet, 1, pp. 611-615; Hulse, FS, Exogamie et hétérosis (1958) Arch. Suisses Anthr. Gén., 22, pp. 103-125; Hunt, EE, The developmental genetics of man (1966) Human Development, , F Falkner, (ed):, Philadelphia, WB Saunders; Johnston, FE, Borden, M, MacVean, RB, Height, weight and their growth velocities in Guatemalan private school children of high socio‐economic class (1973) Hum. Biol., 45, pp. 627-641; Johnston, FE, Wainer, H, Thissen, D, MacVean, R, Hereditary and environmental determinants of growth in height in a longitudinal sample of children and youth of Guatemalan and European ancestry (1976) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 44, pp. 469-476; Krogman, WM, (1972) Child Growth, , Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press; Malina, RM, Secular changes in size and maturity: causes and effects (1979) Secular Trends in Human Growth, Maturation, and Development, pp. 59-102. , AF Roche, (ed):, Monog. Soc. Child Develop., No. 179, Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Maresh, MM, A forty‐five year investigation for secular changes in maturation (1972) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 36, pp. 103-110; Roche, AF, Secular trends in stature, weight, and maturation (1979) Secular Trends in Human Growth, Maturation, and Development, pp. 1-27. , AF Roche, (ed):, Monog. Soc. Res. Child Develop., No. 179, Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Schreider, E, Body height and inbreeding in France (1967) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 26, pp. 1-4; Tanner, JM, (1962) Growth at Adolescence, , 2nd ed., Oxford, Blackwell; Tanner, JM, Earlier maturation in man (1968) Sci. Am., 218, pp. 21-27; Tanner, JM, (1978) Fetus into Man, , Cambridge, Harvard University Press; van Wering, ER, The secular trend on Aruba between 1954 and 1974 (1981) Hum. Biol., 53, pp. 105-115; van Wieringen, JC, Secular growth changes (1978) Human Growth, 2. Postnatal Growth, pp. 445-473. , F Falkner, JM Tanner, (eds):, New York, Plenum UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020352586&doi=10.1002%2fajpa.1330590409&partnerID=40&md5=622e75d9284558daa47a4a2fec50d41e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Population growth and vertical distribution of calanus helgolandicus in the celtic sea T2 - Netherlands Journal of Sea Research J2 - Neth. J. Sea Res. VL - 16 IS - C SP - 185 EP - 194 PY - 1982 DO - 10.1016/0077-7579(82)90029-1 SN - 00777579 (ISSN) AU - Williams, R. AU - Conway, D.V.P. AD - Natural Environment Research Council, Institute for Marine Environmental Research, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, Devon, Great Britain AB - Calanus helgolandicus over-winters in the shallow waters (100 m) of the Celtic Sea as copepodite stages V and VI; the minimum temperature in winter is approximately 8.0°C. This over-wintering is not a true hibernation or dormacy, accompanied by a reduced metabolic state with a discontinuation of feeding and development, but more of a lowered activity, involving reduced feeding and development, with predation on available microzooplankton and detritus. Analysis of specimens from the winter population showed that copepodite stages V and VI were actively feeding and still producing and possibly liberating eggs. The absence of late nauplii and young copepodites in the water column until late March indicated that there must be a high mortality of these winter cohorts. The copepodites of the first generation appeared in April-May, the younger stages, copepodites I to III, being distributed deeper in the water column below the euphotic zone and thermocline. This distribution would contribute to amuch slower rate of development. By August the ontogenetic vertical distributions observed in the copepodites were reversed, the younger stages occuring in the warmer surface layers within the euphotic zone. Diurnal migrations were observed in the later copepodites only, the younger stages I to III either remaining deep in spring or shallow in summer. The causal mechanisms which alter the behaviour of the young copepodites remain unexplained. The development of the population of Calanus helgolandicus in 1978, reaching its peak of abundance in August, was typical for the shelf seas around U.K. as observed from Continuous Plankton Recorder data, 1958 to 1977. © 1982. N1 - Cited By :12 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Review DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: NJSRB LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Williams, R. N1 - References: Andrews, The distribution and life history of Calanoides acutus (Giesbrecht) (1966) “Discovery” Rep., 33, pp. 117-162; Butler, Corner, Marshall, On the nutrition and metabolism of zooplankton VII seasonal survey of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion by Calanus in the Clyde Sea area (1970) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 50, pp. 525-560; Carlisle, Pitman, Diapause, neurosecretion and hormones in Copepoda (1961) Nature, Lond., 190, pp. 827-829; Colebrook, Seasonal variation in the distribution and abundance of plankton in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea (1982) J. Plank. Res., , (in press); Colebrook, Reid, Coombs, Continuous Plankton Records: A change in the plankton of the southern NorthSea between 1970 and 1972 (1978) Mar. Biol., 45, pp. 209-213; Conover, Metabolism and growth in Calanus hyperboreus in relation to its life cycle (1962) Rapp. P.-v. Réum, Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer., 153, pp. 190-197; Corner, Head, Kilvington, Marshall, On the nutrition and metabolism of zooplankton IX Studies relating to the nutrition of overwintering Calanus (1974) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54, pp. 319-331; Elgmork, Ecological aspects of diapause in copepods (1967) Proc. Symp. Crust., Part III, pp. 947-954; Gardiner, Vertical distribution in Calanus funmarchicus (1933) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 18, pp. 575-610; Hallberg, Hirche, Differentiation of mid-gut in adults and over-wintering copepodids of C. finmarchicus Gunnerus) and C. helgolandicus Claus (1980) J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 48, pp. 283-295; Hirche, H.J., Untersuchungen über die Verdauungsenzyme von Zooplankton mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Calanus spec, University of Kiel, Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany: 1–151 (thesis); Longhurst, Reith, Bower, Seibert, A new system for the collection of multiple serial plankton samples (1966) Deep Sea Res., 13, pp. 213-222; Longhurst, Williams, Improved filtration systems for multiple serial plankton samples (1976) Deep Sea Res., 23, pp. 1067-1073; Marshall, The food of Calanus finmarchicus during 1923 (1924) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 13, pp. 473-479; Marshall, Nicholls, Orr, On the biology of Calanus finmarchicus V Seasonal distribution sizeweight and chemical composition in Loch Striven in 1993 and their relation to the phytoplankton (1934) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 19, pp. 798-827; McLaren, Effects of temperature on growth of zooplankton and the adaptive value of vertical migration (1963) Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 20, pp. 685-727; Nicholls, On the biology of Calanus finmarchicus III Vertical distribution and diurnal migration in the Clyde Sea area (1933) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 19, pp. 139-164; Paffenhöfer, Strickland, A note on the feeding of Calanus helgolandicus on detritus (1970) Mar. Biol., 5, pp. 97-99; Russell, The vertical distribution of plankton in the sea (1927) Biological Reviews, 2, pp. 213-262; Ussing, The biology of some important plankton animals in the fjords of East Greenland (1938) Meddr Gronland, 100 (7), pp. 1-108; Williams, Conway, Vertical distributions of Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus (Crustacea: copepoda) (1980) Mar. Biol., 60, pp. 57-61 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020363825&doi=10.1016%2f0077-7579%2882%2990029-1&partnerID=40&md5=deeea29c959ed8c1f51176634646ca9e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental effects of child abuse: A review T2 - Child Abuse and Neglect J2 - Child Abuse Negl. VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 423 EP - 431 PY - 1982 DO - 10.1016/0145-2134(82)90086-2 SN - 01452134 (ISSN) AU - Toro, P.A. AD - University of Rochester, United States AB - Most research investigating the effects of physical child abuse on children's development has been based on uncontrolled or poorly controlled studies having small samples, no long-term follow-up, and weak instrumentation. These studies, as well as some which have been more carefully designed, have generally suggested seriously detrimental developmental consequences in physical, intellectual, behavioral, and emotional areas. Some recent controlled follow-up studies challenge such a negative picture of abuse. In particular, a study by Elmer, which is probably the most carefully conducted study yet done, found that the harmful effects of abuse dissipated years after the abusive incident and that socioeconomic status (SES) and related factors may be more important than abuse in determining the course of child development. To improve the quality and clarity of future research on developmental effects of child abuse, this paper discusses, in four major areas, problems which plague the research. Definition: The extent, type, and frequency of abuse should be more carefully defined to allow studies to be compared. The types and amounts of social service interventions should also be specified. Generalization: Research should include more middle and upper SES children, more of the mildly and moderately abused, and more neglected children to allow generalization to the total population of maltreated children. Causality: Since developmental deficits may be the cause as well as the effects of abuse and because outside factors such as SES may lead to both the abuse and the deficits, there is a need for large-scale longitudinal studies which can untangle the cause and effect web of abuse by following children from birth and measuring many factors which might affect development (e.g., SES, birth abnormalities, abuse). Statistical Analysis: Future studies should always use statistical analysis and should obtain larger samples and utilize outcome and classification measures with demonstrated reliability and validity to increase statistical power. © 1982. KW - article KW - battered child syndrome KW - child KW - child abuse KW - child development KW - ego development KW - follow up KW - human KW - injury KW - psychological aspect KW - social environment KW - socioeconomics KW - Battered Child Syndrome KW - Child KW - Child Abuse KW - Child Development KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Personality Development KW - Social Environment KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Wounds and Injuries N1 - Cited By :18 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: CABND C2 - 6892329 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Toro, P.A.; University of RochesterUnited States N1 - References: Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, Silver, The battered-child syndrome (1962) J. Med. Assoc., 181, pp. 17-24; Gil, (1970) Violence Against Children: Physical Child Abuse in the United Stales, , Harvard University Press; Straus, Stress and physical child abuse (1980) Child Abuse and Neglect, 4, pp. 75-88; Helfer, Kempe, (1976) Child Abuse and Neglect: The Family and the Cummunity, , Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass; Light, Abused and neglected children in America: A study of alternative policies (1973) Harvard Educ. Review, 43, pp. 556-598; Gelles, Violence toward children in the United States (1978) Am. J. Orthopsych., 48, pp. 580-592; Starr, Jr., Child Abuse (1979) Am. Psychol., 34, pp. 872-878; Gerhenson, Child maltreatment and the federal role (1979) Child Abuse and Violence, , D.G. Gil, AMS Press, New York; Kempe, Kempe, (1978) Child Abuse, , Harvard University Press; Robins, Follow-up studies (1979) Psychopathological Disorders of Childhood, , H.C. Quav, J.S. Werry, Wiley, New York; Garbarino, A preliminary study of some ecological correlates of child abuse: The impact of socioeconomic stress on mothers (1976) Child Dev., 47, pp. 178-185; Garbarino, Preventing child maltreatment (1980) Prevention in Mental Health: Research, Policy, and Practice, , R.H. Price, R.F. Ketterer, B.C. Bader, J. Monahan, Sage, Beverly Hills; Parke, Collmer, Child abuse: An interdisciplinary analysis (1975) Review of Child Development Research, 5. , E.M. Hetherington, University of Chicago Press; Pelton, Child abuse and neglect: The myth of classlessness (1978) Am. J. Orthopsych., 48, pp. 608-617; Smith, (1975) The Battered Child Syndrome, , Butterworths, London; Smith, Hanson, Noble, Parents of battered babies: A controlled study (1973) Br. Med. J., 4, pp. 388-391; Elmer, (1967) Children in Jeopardy: A Study of Abused Minors and Their Families, , University of Pittsburgh Press; Elmer, Gregg, Developmental characteristics of abused children (1967) Pediatrics, 40, pp. 596-602; Morse, Sahler, Friedman, A three-year follow-up study of abused and neglected children (1970) Am. J. Dis. Child., 120, pp. 439-446; Martin, Beezley, Conway, Kempe, The development of abused children (1974) Adv. Pediatr., 21, pp. 25-73; Birrell, Birrell, The maltreatment syndrome in children: A hospital survey (1968) Med. J. Aust., 2, pp. 1023-1029; Martin, Beezley, Behavioral observations of abused children (1977) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 19, pp. 373-387; Smith, Hanson, 134 battered children A medical and psychological study (1974) BMJ, 3, pp. 666-670; Friedman, Morse, Child abuse: A five-year follow-up of early case finding in the emergency room (1974) Pediatrics, 54, pp. 404-410; Sandgrund, Gaines, Green, Child abuse and mental retardation: A problem of cause and effect (1974) Am. J. Ment. Defic., 79, pp. 327-330; Green, Gaines, Sandgrund, Psychological Sequelae of Child Abuse and Neglect (1974) Paper presented at 127th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, , Detroit, Michigan; George, Main, Social interactions of young abused children: Approach, avoidance, and aggression (1979) Child Dev., 50, pp. 306-318; Elmer, (1977) Fragile Families, Troubled Children: The Aftermath of Infant Trauma, , University of Pittsburgh Press; Galdston, Observations on children who have been physically abused and their parents (1965) Am. J. Psychiatry, 122, pp. 440-443; Davie, Butler, Golstein, (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study, , Longman, London; Werner, Bierman, French, (1971) The Children of Kauai: A Longitudinal Study from the Prenatal Period to Age Ten, , University of Hawaii Press; Silver, Dublin, Lourie, Does violence breed violence? Contributions from a study of the child abuse syndrome (1969) Am. J. Psychiatry, 126, pp. 404-407; Spinetta, Rigler, The child-abusing parent: A psychological review (1972) Psychol. Bull., 77, pp. 296-304; Sweet, Resick, The maltreatment of children A review of theories and research (1979) Journal of Social Issues, 35, pp. 40-59; Jayaratne, Child abusers as parents and children: A review (1977) Soc. Work, 22, pp. 5-9; Bandura, (1973) Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis, , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey; Gelles, Problems in Defining and Labeling Child Abuse (1977) Paper presented at Study Group on Problems in the Prediction of Child Abuse, , Wilmington Delaware; Martin, (1976) The Abused Child: A Multidisciptinary Approach to Developmental Issues and Treatment, , Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass; Rutter, Parent-child separation: Psychological effects on the children (1976) Early Experience: Myth and Evidence, , A.M. Clarke, A.D.B. Clarke, Open Books, London; Klein, Stern, Low birth weight and the battered child syndrome (1971) Am. J. Dis. Child., 122, pp. 15-18; Kennell, Voos, Klaus, Parent-infant bonding (1976) Child Abuse and Neglect: The Family and the Community, , R.E. Helfer, C.H. Kempe, Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass; Mueller, Parcel, Measures of socioeconomic status Alternatives and recommendations (1981) Child Development, 52, pp. 13-30; Egeland, Breitenbucher, Rosenberg, Prospective study of the significance of life stress in the etiology of child abuse (1980) J. Consult. and Clin. Psychol., 48, pp. 195-205 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020340408&doi=10.1016%2f0145-2134%2882%2990086-2&partnerID=40&md5=e6b37ea01ce768c7c89973e4e6b8949d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seroimmunity of national servicemen in Singapore to poliomyelitis T2 - Singapore Medical Journal J2 - SINGAPORE MED. J. VL - 22 IS - 5 SP - 262 EP - 265 PY - 1981 SN - 00375675 (ISSN) AU - Lee, L.H. AU - Goh, E.H. AU - Seet, L.C. AU - Fam, K.L. AD - Dept. Microbiol., Nat. Univ., Singapore, Singapore AB - A national immunisation programme to control poliomyelitis in Singapore was introduced in 1962. Its implementation has given rise to a birth cohort of persons born in 1955 - 1958 who missed the programme and could constitute a group susceptible to poliomyelitis. A study of the seroimmunity of 127 men in this cohort was carried out. National servicemen in Singapore Armed Forces were chosen as subjects. It was found that 35.4% of them showed susceptibility to poliomyelitis infection. The selection of the subjects for the study was discussed and it was postulated that they could give a good indication of the immunity levels of other national servicemen in the same age cohort. It was pointed out that the relatively high concentration of this age cohort in an army environment would increase the risk of disease transmission and that these susceptibles be immunised against poliomyelitis as precautionary measure. KW - live vaccine KW - poliomyelitis vaccine KW - blood and hemopoietic system KW - central nervous system KW - epidemiology KW - geographic distribution KW - human cell KW - major clinical study KW - poliomyelitis virus KW - prevention KW - serology KW - vaccination KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Human KW - Immunization KW - Male KW - Military Medicine KW - Poliomyelitis KW - Serologic Tests KW - Singapore N1 - Cited By :1 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SIMJA C2 - 7344088 LA - English UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019724025&partnerID=40&md5=2fcb1c26dd5bdfc25d883fdeae4a3d10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Outcome of valvotomy in congenital valvular aortic stenosis. Long-term follow-up of twenty patients T2 - Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal J2 - Scand. Cardiovasc. J. VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 153 EP - 159 PY - 1981 DO - 10.3109/14017438109101041 SN - 14017431 (ISSN) AU - Vilhelmsen, R. AU - Wennevold, A. AU - Godtfredsen, J. AU - Lauridsen, P. AD - Cardiovascular Laboratory, Medical Department B, and the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet (University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark AB - A follow-up study was performed of all 20 children and adolescents who were discharged from this hospital during the years 1958-1972 after valvotomy for isolated congenital valvular aortic stenosis. Age at operation varied between 7 and 18 years (mean 12.3 years). The preoperative peak pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta varied between 75 and 215 mmHg (mean 128 mmHg), and only three patients were asymptomatic. None had had endocarditis or been in heart failure, and none had aortic valve incompetence. The follow-up time of all patients varied between 6 and 18 years postoperatively (mean 11.7, median 12 years); follow-up of the 16 survivors was in mean 11.8 years. None were lost to follow-up. Hear catheterizations were performed in 19 patients, 1 to 18 years postoperatively; a significant peak gradient above 50 mmHg was still present in 12 patients, and aortic incompetence could be demonstrated in 12 patients, in six of whom it was grade 3. Only three patients had the combination of a residual peak gradient of less than 50 mmHg and slight or no aortic incompetence. Four patients have died. Three of them had severe aortic incompetence, two of whom died some time after one or several re-operations with valve replacement, while the third patient died in heart failure a few days before the planned re-operation; one patient died at reoperation with valve replacement for severe, unrelieved aortic stenosis. Four patients contracted endocarditis postoperatively which probably contributed to the fatal outcome in two patients. Re-operations with valve replacements were performed in four patients, three of whom are now dead. One of the 16 survivors has slight exertional dyspnoea, while the others are asymptomatic; only one of them, however, has the combination of no residual peak gradient, no aortic incompetence, no cardiac enlargement and a normal ECG without left ventricular hypertrophy or strain. It is concluded that valvotomy is indicated in symptomatic children and adolescents with critical aortic stenosis, as judged by a peak systolic gradient of at least 80 mmHg or by severe electrocardiographic strain pattern; in view of the postoperative problems and risks the indication is doubtful in children with more moderate stenosis, especially if they are asymptomatic. © 1981 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted. KW - aorta valve stenosis KW - aorta valvulotomy KW - congenital disorder KW - congenital heart malformation KW - diagnosis KW - heart KW - major clinical study KW - patient follow up KW - therapy KW - Adolescent KW - Aortic Valve KW - Aortic Valve Insufficiency KW - Aortic Valve Stenosis KW - Case Report KW - Child KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Human KW - Male KW - Postoperative Complications KW - Time Factors PB - Informa Healthcare N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: SCJOF C2 - 7336187 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Vilhelmsen, R.; Cardiovascular Laboratory, Medical Department B, and the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet (University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark N1 - References: Bemhard, W.F., Keane, J.F., Fellows, K.E., Litwin, S.B., Gross, R.E., Progress and problems in the surgical management of congenital aortic stenosis (1973) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 66, p. 404; Bertranou, E., Davignon, A., Chartrand, C., Kratz, C., Stanley, P., Congenital aortic stenosis: follow-up of surgical management (1971) Canad Med Ass J, 105, p. 583; Chiariello, L., Agosti, J., Vlad, P., Subramanian, S., Congenital aortic stenosis. Experience with 43 patients (1976) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 72, p. 182; Conkle, D.M., Jones, M., Morrow, A.G., Treatment of congenital aortic stenosis. An evaluation of the late results of aortic valvotomy (1973) Arch Surg, 107, p. 649; Hansen, P.F., (1967) Aortic stenosis. Haemodynamic and clinical findings in 56 patients, , Munksgaard, Copenhagen; Jack, W.D., Kelly, D.T., Long-term follow-up of valvulotomy for congenital aortic stenosis (1976) Am J Cardiol, 38, p. 231; Lawson, R.M., Bonchek, L.I., Menashe, V., Starr, A., Late results of surgery for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children (1976) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 71, p. 334; Merikallio, E., Frick, M.H., Open valvotomy for congenital valvular aortic stenosis in young adults. A hemodynamic follow-up study (1973) Giorn It Card, 3, p. 171; Nadas, A.S., Fyler, D.C., (1972) Pediatric cardiology, , 3rd. ed, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, London and Toronto; Shackleton, J., Edwards, F.R., Bickford, B.J., Jones, R.S., Long-term follow-up of congenital aortic stenosis after surgery (1972) Br Heart J, 34, p. 47; Sokolow, M., Lyon, T.P., The ventricular complex in left ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar precordial and limb leads (1949) Am Heart J, 37, p. 161; Spelger, G., Isenberg, H., Beuren, A.J., Koncz, J., Prä- und postoperative Untersuchungen bei kongenitalen Aortenstenosen (1975) Z Kadiol, 64, p. 107; Stewart, J.R., Paton, B.C.S., Jr, Blount, G., Swan, H., Congenital aortic stenosis. Ten to 22 years after valvulotomy (1978) Arch Surg, 113, p. 1248; Vlad, P., Wagner, H.R., Colombi, M., Lambert, E., The clinical outlook of congenital aortic stenosis (valvular and discrete subvalvular) after surgery (1971) The natural history and progress in treatment of congenital heart defects, , B. S. L. Kidd, J. D. Keith, Charles C. Thomas, Eds., Springfield, Illinois; Wagner, H.R., Ellison, R.C., Keane, J.F., Humphries, J.O.N., Nadas, A.S., Clinical course in aortic stenosis (1977) Circulation, 56, p. 47 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019453075&doi=10.3109%2f14017438109101041&partnerID=40&md5=a04ed5f7c7c04cfd7289d1daedae66f1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The prognosis of ileorectal anastomosis in Crohn's disease T2 - British Journal of Surgery J2 - Br. J. Surg. VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 10 PY - 1981 DO - 10.1002/bjs.1800680103 SN - 00071323 (ISSN) AU - Buchmann, P. AU - Weterman, I.T. AU - Keighley, M.R.B. AU - Peña, S.A. AU - Allan, R.N. AU - Alexander‐Williams, J. AD - Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands AD - General Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom AB - A total of 105 patients have been treated with colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis from 1958 to 1978 in Birmingham, England (48) and in Leiden, Netherlands (57). At the end of 1978 the mean follow‐up was 7.6 years (6 months—20 years). Mild or moderate degrees of proctitis were not considered as contraindications for ileorectal anastomosis. The presence or absence of ileal disease or perianal disease at the time of ileorectal anastomosis did not affect the long term prognosis but patients with sigmoidoscopic proctitis appeared to fare less well (69 per cent still functioning) than those with an apparently normal rectum (87 per cent). However, no statistical significance was obtained. The risk of reoperation for recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileorectal anastomosis calculated by actuarial methods shows a 50 per cent cumulative reoperation rate after 16–20 years. This result suggests that ileorectal anastomosis is a safe and useful procedure for most patients with Crohn's colitis who do not have severe proctitis. Copyright © 1981 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. KW - crohn disease KW - digestive system KW - ileorectal anastomosis KW - large intestine KW - major clinical study KW - small intestine KW - therapy KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Colectomy KW - Crohn Disease KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Ileal Diseases KW - Ileum KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Postoperative Complications KW - Proctitis KW - Prognosis KW - Rectum KW - Recurrence KW - Risk N1 - Cited By :37 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7459610 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Buchmann, P.; Surgical Clinic A, University Hospital, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland N1 - References: Lefton, H.B., Farmer, R.G., Fazio, V., Ileorectal anastomosis for Crohn's disease of the colon (1975) Gastroenterology, 69, pp. 612-617; Flint, G., Strauss, R., Platt, N., Ileorectal anastomosis in patients with Crohn's disease of the colon (1977) Gut, 18, pp. 236-239; Burman, J.H., Cooke, W.T., Alexander‐Williams, J., The fate of ileorectal anastomosis in Crohn's disease (1971) Gut, 12, pp. 432-436; Weterman, I.T., Peña, A.S., The long‐term prognosis of ileorectal anastomosis and proctectomy in Crohn's disease (1976) Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 11, pp. 185-191; Steinberg, D.M., Allan, R.N., Cooke, T.W., The place of ileorectal anastomosis in Crohn's disease (1976) Aust. NZ J Surg., 46, pp. 49-54; Veidenheimer, M.D., Dailey, Th., Meissner, W.A., Ileorectal anastomosis for inflammatory disease of the large bowel (1970) Am. J. Surg., 119, pp. 375-378; Kyle, J., (1972) Crohn's Disease, p. 181. , London, Heineman; Baker, W.N.W., Ileorectal anastomosis for Crohn's disease of the colon (1971) Gut, 12, pp. 427-431; Goligher, J.C., The outcome of excisional operations for primary and recurrent Crohn's disease of the large intestine (1979) Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 148, pp. 1-8; Greenstein, A.J., Sachar, D.B., Pasternack, B.S., Reoperation and recurrence in Crohn's disease and ileocolitis (1975) N. Engl. J. Med., 239, pp. 685-690; de Dombal, F.T., Burton, I., Goligher, J.C., Recurrence of Crohn's disease after primary excisional surgery (1971) Gut, 12, pp. 519-527; Korelitz, B.I., Clinical course, late results, and pathological nature of inflammatory disease of the colon initially sparing the rectum (1967) Gut, 8, pp. 281-290 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019349302&doi=10.1002%2fbjs.1800680103&partnerID=40&md5=330dbce50ca6658eddb558a52dc8c3c9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Volumetric determination of placental and uterine growth relationships from b-mode ultrasound by serial area-volume determinations T2 - Investigative Radiology J2 - Invest. Radiol. VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 101 EP - 106 PY - 1981 SN - 00209996 (ISSN) AU - Jones, T.B. AU - Price, R.R. AU - Julian Gibbs, S. AD - Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States AB - Serial area-volume determinations may be made from B-mode ultrasonography. Multiple sonographic sections are taken through a structure of interest. The area of the structure of interest is determined on each sonographic section by a form of planimetry and multiplied by the step-interval to obtain the volume of the structure of interest between sonographic sections. The total volume of the structure of interest is the sum of the individual volumes. The volume is computed from both transverse and longitudinal images and an average obtained for improved accuracy. Total intrauterine volume and placental volume were determined by the serial area-volume method in 63 normal patients and the results were analyzed. Placental and total intrauterine volumes were also determined for five cases of intrauterine growth retardation. Although there is some error in the serial area-volume method, the initial evaluation of five cases with intrauterine growth retardation suggests a greater precision and accuracy than volume estimates based on prolate ellipsoid geometry. Placental volume may provide an acceptable parameter to screen for intrauterine growth retardation. © J. B. Lippincott Company. KW - Computer KW - Intrauterine growth retardation KW - Obstetrical ultrasound KW - Placental volume KW - Total intrauterine volume KW - case report KW - diagnosis KW - echography KW - female genital system KW - fetus KW - intrauterine growth retardation KW - normal human KW - placenta weight KW - pregnancy KW - uterus KW - Female KW - Fetal Growth Retardation KW - Human KW - Placenta KW - Pregnancy KW - Ultrasonography KW - Uterus N1 - Cited By :15 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7216699 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Jones, T.B.; Department of Radiology, University of South Alabama, 2451 Fillingim Street, AL, 36617, United States N1 - References: Lugo, G., Cassady, G., Intrauterine growth retardation (1971) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 109, pp. 615-622; Fitzhardinge, P.M., Steven, E.M., The small-for-date infant. II. Neurological and intellectual sequelae (1972) Pediatrics, 50, pp. 50-57; Scott, K.E., Usher, R., Fetal malnutrition: Its incidence, causes, and effects (1966) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 94, pp. 951-963; Low, J.A., Boston, W., Pancham, S.R., Fetal asphyxia during the intrapartum period in intrauterine growth-retarded infants (1972) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 113, pp. 351-357; Campbell, S., Thomas, A., Ultrasound measurement of the fetal head to abdomen circumference ratio in the assessment of growth retardation (1977) Br J Obstet Gynecol, 84, p. 165; Campbell, S., Dewhurst, C.J., Diagnosis of the small-for-dates fetus by serial ultrasonic cephalometry (1971) Lancet, 2, p. 1002; Higginbottom, J., Slater, J., Porter, G., Estimation of fetal weight from ultrasonic measurement of trunk circumference (1975) Br J Obstet Gynecol, 82, pp. 698-701; Campbell, S., Wilkin, D., Ultrasonic measurement of fetal abdominal circumference in the estimation of fetal weight (1975) Br J Obstet Gynecol, 82, pp. 689-697; Gohari, P., Berkowitz, R.L., Hobbins, J.C., Prediction of intrauterine growth retardation by determination of total intrauterine volume (1977) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 127, pp. 255-260; Levine, S.C., Filly, R.A., Creasy, R.K., Identification of fetal growth retardation by ultrasonographic estimation of total intrauterine volume (1979) J Clin Ultrasound, 7, pp. 21-26; Robinson, H.P., Gestation sac volumes as determined by sonar in the-first trimester of pregnancy (1975) Br J Obstet Gynecol, 82, pp. 100-107; Jones, T.B., Goddard, J., Price, R.R., James, A.E., (1979) Volumetric Determinations from B-Mode Ultrasonography, , American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (poster exhibit), Montreal; Jones, T.B., The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality survey (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Butler NR, Alberman ED, ed., Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone; Jones, T.B., Price, R.R., James, A.E., (1979) Computer Assisted Volumes from B-Mode Ultrasonography, , November, Atlanta, Georgia; Heilman, L.M., Kobayashi, M., Tolies, W.E., Cromb, E., Ultrasonic studies on the volumetric growth of the human placenta (1970) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 108, pp. 740-750 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019508544&partnerID=40&md5=546836faa8f282c5e54b1ed0ba8620ea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perinatal mortality surveys. What value are they? T2 - Midwife, health visitor & community nurse J2 - Midwife Health Visit Community Nurse VL - 16 IS - 8 SP - 322 EP - 323 PY - 1980 SN - 03069699 (ISSN) AU - MacNaughton, M.C. KW - article KW - delivery KW - female KW - fetus death KW - health survey KW - human KW - infant mortality KW - low birth weight KW - newborn KW - pregnancy KW - United Kingdom KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Great Britain KW - Health Surveys KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Pregnancy N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 6902013 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: MacNaughton, M.C. UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019046617&partnerID=40&md5=7cf43a38b1842c031439b7aebabe230d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study T2 - British Medical Journal J2 - Brit. Med. J. VL - 280 IS - 6209 SP - 207 EP - 210 PY - 1980 DO - 10.1136/bmj.280.6209.207 SN - 00071447 (ISSN) AU - Ross, E.M. AU - Peckham, C.S. AU - West, P.B. AU - Butler, N.R. AD - Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Horace Joules Hall, Central Middlesex Hospital, London NW10 7NS, United Kingdom AD - Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom AD - University of Bristol, Department of Child Health, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom AB - By the age of 11 years 1043 children (6·7%) in an unselected national sample had a history of seizures or other episodes of loss of consciousness; 322 (20·8/1000) had a history of febrile convulsions without other epileptic problems. A clear-cut diagnosis of non-febrile epilepsy was established in 64 children (4·1/1000) by the age of 11 on the basis of confirmatory information supplied by family doctors and paediatricians. A further 39 (2·6/1000) were reported as having epilepsy but did not fulfil the study criteria. The progress of 59 of the 64 children with established epilepsy was reviewed again when they were aged 16. Of the 37 educated in normal schools eight (22%) had one or more seizures in their 16th year compared with 13 out of 22 (59%) who received special education. A possible cause for epilepsy was found in 17 of the 64 (27%) children, but for the majority there was no obvious reason. © 1980, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved. KW - central nervous system KW - epidemiology KW - epilepsy KW - fever KW - major clinical study KW - school child KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Birth Weight KW - Child KW - Education, Special KW - Electroencephalography KW - Epilepsy KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Prognosis KW - Seizures, Febrile N1 - Cited By :147 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7427082 LA - English N1 - References: Kurland, L.T., The incidence and prevalence of convulsive disorders in a small urban community (1959) Epilepsia, 1, pp. 143-161. , (Amsterdam); Sillanpaa, M., Social prognosis of children with epilepsy (1973) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 237. , Suppl; Crombie, D.L., Cross, K.W., Fry, J., Pinsent, R.J., Watts, C.A., A survey of the epilepsies in general practice (1960) Br Med J, ii, pp. 416-422; Logan, W.P.D., Cushion, A.A., Morbidity statistics from general practice (1958) GRO studies on medical and population subjects., 1. , (General), London: HMSO; Pond, D.A., Bidwell, B.H., Stein, L., A survey of epilepsy in fourteen general practices I. Demographic & medical data (1960) J Psychiatrica Neurologica Neurochirurgia, 63, pp. 217-236; Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education health and behaviour., , London: Longman; Gudmundsson, G., Epilepsy in Iceland (1966) Acta Neurol Scand, , Suppl No 25; Holdsworth, L., Whitmore, K., A study of children with epilepsy attending normal schools (1974) Dev Med Child Neurol, 16, pp. 746-765; Ross, E.M., (1975) A Bristol study of epilepsy in secondary school children, , MD dissertation, University of Bristol; Brewis, M., Poskonzi, D., Rolland, C., Miller, H., Neurological disease in an English city (1960) Acta Paediatr Scand, p. 24. , Suppl; Rose, S.W., Penry, J.K., Markush, R.E., Prevalence of epilepsy in children (1973) Epilepsia, 14, pp. 133-135. , (New York); Van den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children (1973) Epilepsia, 14, pp. 298-304. , (New York); Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) N Engl J Med, 19, pp. 1029-1033; Cooper, J.E., Epilepsy in a longitudinal survey of 5000 children (1965) Br Med J, i, pp. 1020-1022; (1969) People with epilepsy, , London: HMSO; Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven, , London: Longman; Fogelman, K., (1976) Britain's sixteen year olds, , London: National Childrens Bureau; Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1965) Perinatal Mortality., , Edinburgh, Livingstone; West, P.B., Ross, E.M., (1974) The prevalence and incidence of epilepsy., , London: British Epilepsy Association; Ross, E.M., West, P.B., Achievements and problems of British eleven year olds with epilepsy (1978) Advances in epileptology — 1977, pp. 34-37. , In: Meinhardi H, Rowan AJ., Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger; Epilepsy and learning (1979) Br Med J, i, p. 576; Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Elveback, L.R., Kurland, L.T., The risk of epilepsy following febrile convulsions (1979) Neurology, 29, pp. 297-303; Wallace, S.J., Spontaneous fits after convulsions with fever (1977) Arch Dis Child, 52, pp. 192-196; Heijbel, J., Blom, S., Rasmunson, M., Benign epilepsy of childhood with centro temporal EEG: a genetic study (1975) Epilepsia, 15, pp. 285-293. , (New York); Harrison, R.M., Taylor, D.C., Childhood seizures: A 25-year follow up (1976) Lancet, i, pp. 948-951; Illingworth, R.S., Why blame the obstetrician? A review (1979) Br Med J, i, pp. 797-801; Caveness, W.F., Meirowsky, A.M., Rish, B.L., The nature of posttraumatic epilepsy (1979) J Neurosurg, 50, pp. 545-553; Ross, E.M., Bellman, M.H., Encephalitis and encephalopathy (1980) Paediatric Neurology., pp. 552-568. , In: Rose FC, Oxford: Blackwell; Glickman, L.T., Cypess, R.H., Crumrine, P.K., Gitlin, D.A., Toxocara infection and epilepsy in children (1979) J Pediat, 94 (1), pp. 75-78; Gastaut, H., Gastaut, J.L., Computerised transverse axial tomography in Epilepsy (1976) Epilepsia, 17, pp. 325-336. , (New York); Janz, D., Morphological diagnosis in epilepsy by computer assisted brain tomography (1978) Advances in epileptology—1977., pp. 376-384. , In: Meinhardi H, Rowan AJ., Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018917435&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.280.6209.207&partnerID=40&md5=34f1871610cfa5364efea39b0ea07601 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ENVIRONMENT AND REPRODUCTION T2 - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology J2 - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. VL - 87 IS - 12 SP - 1057 EP - 1067 PY - 1980 DO - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04474.x SN - 14700328 (ISSN) AU - Baird, D. AD - 21 Russell Place, Edinburgh, United Kingdom AB - Using national perinatal death statistics extending back to the 19th century and more recent and detailed data from Scotland, it can be shown that death rates from central nervous system deformities and from other causes, generally associated with the mother's socio‐economic circumstances, are related to the period at which the mother herself was born and reared. For example, the increased death rate from anencephaly which occurred throughout the late 1940s and the 1950s can be attributed to cohorts of women who were all born during the great economic depression of 1926 to 1937. While advances in obstetric care will probably continue to reduce the perinatal mortality rate, it is unlikely that rates similar to those in Sweden can be achieved until a generation of women has been reared in an environment comparable to that in Sweden where social class differences in stature have disappeared. Copyright © 1980, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - anencephalus KW - autopsy KW - brain injury KW - central nervous system KW - economic aspect KW - etiology KW - geographic distribution KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - normal human KW - perinatal mortality KW - short survey KW - socioeconomics KW - sociology KW - united kingdom KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Anencephaly KW - Environment KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Human KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infant, Low Birth Weight KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Maternal Age KW - Neural Tube Defects KW - Pregnancy KW - Scotland KW - Socioeconomic Factors N1 - Cited By :27 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7437373 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Baird, D.21 Russell Place, Edinburgh, United Kingdom N1 - References: Baird, D., Epidemiology of congenital malformations of the central nervous system in (a) Aberdeen and (b) Scotland (1974) J Biosoc Sci, 6, pp. 113-137; Baird, D., The epidemiology of low birth weight; changes in incidence in Aberdeen, 1948–72 (1974) J Biosoc Sci, 6, pp. 623-641; Brotherston, J.H.F., Observations in the Early Public Health Movement in Scotland (1952) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, , Memoir No. 8., H. K. Lewis and Co. Ltd; Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems. The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Livingstone, Ltd, Edinburgh; Greenwood, M., English death rates, past, present and future (1936) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 99, p. 674; Illsley, R., Social class selection and social class differences in relation to stillbirth and infant deaths (1955) BMJ, 2, pp. 1520-1524; Kermack, W.O., McKendrick, A.G., McKindlay, P.L., Death rates in Britain and Sweden (1934) Lancet, 1, pp. 698-703; Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban school children in relation to economic and regional differences (1976) Ann Hum Biol, 3, pp. 501-528; Mcllwaine, G.M., Howat, R.C.L., Dunn, F., MacNaughton, M.C., (1979) Scotland 1977, Perinatal Mortality Survey, , University of Glasgow; Orr, J.B., (1936) Food, Health and Income, , MacMillan, London; Rodger, S.C., Weatherall, J.A.C., Anen‐cephalus spina bifida and congenital hydrocephalus (1975) Studies on Medical and Population Subjects, , No. 32, OPCS, HMSO, London; Rowntree, B.S., (1901) Poverty. A study of Town Life, , MacMillan, London; Fetal mortality according to cause per 100,000 live births, 1961–63 (1966) Epidem. Vital Statistics, 6, pp. 257-374. , Ref. 1966. No UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019162764&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1980.tb04474.x&partnerID=40&md5=be74baf95ec65edeb28395bdcd93e1d1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age and addiction to smoking T2 - Addictive Behaviors J2 - Addict. Behav. VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 341 EP - 351 PY - 1980 DO - 10.1016/0306-4603(80)90008-8 SN - 03064603 (ISSN) AU - Bossé, R. AU - Garvey, A.J. AU - Glynn, R.J. AD - Normative Aging Study, Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic, Hellenic College, Boston, MA, United States AD - Normative Aging Study, Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic, Boston, MA, United States AB - The authors investigated the hypothesis that smokers gravitate with age toward higher levels of psychological and pharmacological addiction to cigarettes. Psychological addiction was measured by the Horn-Waingrow Smoker Survey in 1973 and 1976, pharmacological addiction by daily tar and nicotine consumption. Subjects in the study were 381 current and 564 former smokers, male volunteers in the Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal study of aging located at the VA Outpatient Clinic, Boston. Psychological and pharmacological addiction were only moderately correlated and had different relationships with age. This suggested the existence of two distinct kinds of addiction and tended to support theories recognizing both the psychological and pharmacological nature of addiction. Older cohorts had higher scores on psychological addiction but did not consume more tar or nicotine than younger adults. Older cohorts were also higher on five of six factors measuring the strength of reasons or motives for smoking and had significant longitudinal increases on three factors, suggesting that older smokers are more psychologically "involved" with, or "get more out of" smoking than younger adult smokers. © 1980. KW - addiction KW - age KW - central nervous system KW - inhalational drug administration KW - major clinical study KW - peripheral nervous system KW - smoking KW - Adult KW - Age Factors KW - Human KW - Male KW - Middle Age KW - Motivation KW - Nicotine KW - Questionnaires KW - Smoking KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Tars N1 - Cited By :13 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus N1 - CODEN: ADBED C2 - 7211532 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: Bossé, R.; Normative Aging Study, Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic, Hellenic College, Boston, MA, United States N1 - Chemicals/CAS: Nicotine, 54-11-5; Tars N1 - References: Bewley, Bland, Harris, Factors associated with the starting of cigarette smoking by primary school children (1974) British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine, 28, pp. 37-45; Bland, Bewley, Day, Primary school boys: Image of self and smoker (1975) British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine, 29, pp. 262-266; Bradshaw, The problem of cigarette smoking and its control (1973) International Journal of the Addictions, 8 (2), pp. 353-371; Brynner, Behavioral research into children's smoking: Some implications for anti-smoking strategy (1970) Royal Society of Health Journal, 90 (3), pp. 159-163; Coan, The relationship between smoking and overall personality organization (1969) Final Report prepared for the National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health, , S.V. Zagona, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona; Coan, Personality variables associated with cigarette smoking (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 26, pp. 86-104; Costa, P.T., McCrae, R.R. & Bosse', R. Smoking motives factor: A review and replication. International Journal of the Addictions. In press; Evans, Smoking in children: developing a social psychological strategy of deterrence (1976) Preventative Medicine, 5, pp. 122-127; Guilford, (1966) Factors Related to Successful Abstinence from Smoking-Final Report, , American Institute for Research, Los Angeles, California; Hochbaum, Psychosocial aspects of smoking with special reference to cessation (1965) American Journal of Public Health, 55, p. 692; Ikard, Green, Horn, A scale to differentiate between types of smoking as related to the management of affect (1969) International Journal of the Addictions, 4, pp. 649-659; Ikard, Tomkins, The experience of affect as a determinant of smoking behavior: A series of validity studies (1973) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81 (2), pp. 172-181; Lawton, Psychosocial Aspects of Cigarette Smoking (1962) Journal of Health and Human Behavior, 3, pp. 163-170; Lawton, The psychology of adolescent anti-smoking education (1963) Journal of School Health, 33, p. 337; Leventhal, Avis, Pleasure, addiction, and habit: factors in verbal report or factors in smoking behavior? (1976) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85 (5), pp. 478-488; Mausner, Platt, Behavioral aspects of smoking: A conference report (1966) Health Education Monographs; McKennell, Smoking motivation factors (1970) British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, pp. 8-22; McKennell, Is addictive smoking an independent trait? (1973) The International Journal of the Addictions, 8 (3), pp. 505-509; McKennell, A Comparison of Two Smoking Typologies (1973) Research paper No. 12, , Tobacco Research Council, London; Palmer, Some variables contributing to the onset of smoking among junior high school students (1970) Social Science and Medicine, 4, pp. 349-365; Pearson, Richardson, The smoking habits of 16-year olds in the National Child Development Study (1978) Public Health, 92, pp. 136-144; Rosenblatt, Rosen, Allen, Attitudes, information and behavior of college students related to smoking and smoking cessation (1967) Studies and Issues in Smoking Behavior, , S.V. Zagona, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona; Russell, Cigarette dependence: Nature and classification (1971) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 330-331; Russell, Cigarette smoking: natural history of a dependence disorder (1971) British Journal of Medical Psychology, 44, pp. 1-16; Russell, Tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence (1976) Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, 3. , R.J. Gibbins et al., Wiley, New York, Chap. 1; Russell, Peto, Patel, The Classification of Smoking by Factorial Structure of Motives (1974) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 137 (3), pp. 313-346; Salber, MacMahon, Harrison, Influence of siblings on student smoking patterns (1963) Pediatrics, 31 (4), pp. 570-571; Schachter, Pharmacological and psychological determinants of smoking (1978) Annals of Internal Medicine, 88 (1), pp. 104-114; Schwartz, Dubitsky, (1968) Psychosocial Factors Involved in Cigarette Smoking and Cessation, , The Institute for Health Research, Berkeley, California; Straits, Resumé of the Chicago study of smoking behavior (1967) Studies and Issues in Smoking Behavior, , S.V. Zagona, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona; Tomkins, Psychological model for smoking behavior. (1966) American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 56, pp. 17-20. , Suppl; Tomkins, A modified model of smoking behavior (1968) Smoking, Health, and Behavior, , E. Borgatta, R. Evans, Aldine, Chicago; World Health Organization, (1964) Addiction-producing drugs. W.H.O. Technical Report Series 273; Zagona, (1967) Studies and Issues in Smoking Behavior, , The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona; Zagona, Zurcher, An analysis of some psycho-social variables associated with smoking behavior in a college sample (1965) Psychological Reports, 17, pp. 967-978 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019197404&doi=10.1016%2f0306-4603%2880%2990008-8&partnerID=40&md5=1d7fd4c7ae9aca9bc644afe4dfae103c ER - TY - JOUR TI - SMOKING IN PREGNANCY AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD T2 - Child: Care, Health and Development J2 - Child Care Health Dev. VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 233 EP - 249 PY - 1980 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1980.tb00154.x SN - 03051862 (ISSN) AU - FOGELMAN, K. AD - National Children's Bureau, London, ECIV 7QE, United Kingdom AB - Summary Data from the National Child Development Study have been used to examine the relationship between mother's smoking during pregnancy and neonatal mortality, birthweight and the subsequent development of the child to the age of 11. In this paper analyses are reported which extend this work to examine development by the age of 16. After allowing for a wide range of related background factors, it is found that mothers smoking during pregnancy continues to be related to the child's reading and mathematics attainment. For boys, but not girls, there is an association with height. An inconsistent relationship is found with the child's history of asthma and wheezy bronchitis. Some doubts about the direct causality of such relationships are discussed. Copyright © 1980, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved KW - asthma KW - birth weight KW - child development KW - epidemiology KW - etiology KW - female genital system KW - fetus KW - infant KW - major clinical study KW - newborn KW - newborn mortality KW - normal human KW - perinatal mortality KW - pregnancy KW - preschool child KW - respiratory system KW - school child KW - smoking KW - Achievement KW - Adolescent KW - Asthma KW - Body Height KW - Child KW - Child Development KW - Child, Preschool KW - Female KW - Human KW - Infant KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Smoking N1 - Cited By :40 N1 - Export Date: 8 December 2017 M3 - Article DB - Scopus C2 - 7408115 LA - English N1 - Correspondence Address: FOGELMAN, K.; National Children's Bureau, London, ECIV 7QE, United Kingdom N1 - References: Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development (1973) British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 573-575; Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., Ross, E.M., Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: its influence on birthweight and perinatal mortality (1972) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 127-130; Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , Longman, London; Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven‐year‐old children (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; Goldstein, H., A study of the response rates of sixteen‐year‐olds in the National Child Development Study (1976) Britain's Sixteen‐Year‐Olds, , K. Fogelman, National Children's Bureau, London; Miller, H.C., Hassanein, K., Hensleigh, P.A., Fetal growth retardation in relation to maternal smoking and weight gain in pregnancy (1976) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 125, pp. 55-60; Pettigrew, A.R., Logan, R.W., Willocks, J., Smoking in pregnancy—effects on birthweight and on cyanide and thiocyanate levels in mother and baby (1977) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 84, pp. 31-34; Spira, A., Spira, N., Goujard, J., Schwartz, P., Smoking during pregnancy and placental‐weight. A multivariate analysis on 3759 cases (1975) Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 3, p. 237; Yerushalmy, J., Mother's cigarette smoking and survival of infant (1964) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 88, pp. 505-518 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019311039&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2214.1980.tb00154.x&partnerID=40&md5=83c86fdef23e7c65c5c33489c653f68d ER -